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What is the name of the company?

hyhk0037

hyhk0037_p6

Kool Milds KS, B&W

KOOL MILDS KS B&W Objective Using KOOL "C" Technologies, Develop A KOOL Milds KS Product Which Tests At Parity Or Better To Current KOOL Milds KS Among KOOL Milds KS Smokers CPT Results KOOL "C" Was At Parity With Current KOOL Milds KS Among KOOL Milds KS Smokers KOOL Milds KS Smokers Found KOOL "C" To Have More Menthol, Better Menthol Taste And Better Tobacco Taste Status KOOL "C" With 0.63% Menthol Was Implemented In April 1995 DMP6 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/hyhk0037

When was the KOOL "C" With 0.63% Menthol Implemented?

hyhk0037

hyhk0037_p6

April 1995

KOOL MILDS KS B&W Objective Using KOOL "C" Technologies, Develop A KOOL Milds KS Product Which Tests At Parity Or Better To Current KOOL Milds KS Among KOOL Milds KS Smokers CPT Results KOOL "C" Was At Parity With Current KOOL Milds KS Among KOOL Milds KS Smokers KOOL Milds KS Smokers Found KOOL "C" To Have More Menthol, Better Menthol Taste And Better Tobacco Taste Status KOOL "C" With 0.63% Menthol Was Implemented In April 1995 DMP6 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/hyhk0037

Whose assistance will be provided in the manufacture of these tobacco products?

lycj0037

lycj0037_p1, lycj0037_p2, lycj0037_p3, lycj0037_p4

R&D assistance, R&D, R&D Assistance

-2- The redried burley (MT-778) in this blend will be staged; therefore, it will need to be run to the redried pack out bulker. It will be subsequently used for the rest of the BEST primaries. Please make the appropriate arrangements necessary to accomplish this. Quality should perform the appropriate analytical tests on this operation. The tobacco will be approved before usage. The reconstituted tobacco portions (EBR & CPCL) that will be used for these primary operations must come from the following lot numbers: MA 0402 (EBR # Range 00835200 - 00836415) MA 0625 (CPCL # Range 00852595 - 00852710) Therefore, please make the necessary arrangements required to pull tobaccos from these specified lot numbers for regular production usage starting the week of April 8, 1991. Once the grade bins have been filled with the appropriate reconstituted tobacco, 1,500 lbs. of conditioned EBR and 500 lbs. of conditioned CPCL will be "caught off" These tobaccos will be shipped to R&D Development Center by refrigerated truck on April 10, 1991. Please supply the appropriate big pack boxes to accomplish this. These primary operations will be run starting the week of April 8, 1991. Excess MT-768 D tobacco may be blended into any domestic non-menthol blend at 5% or less. Excess MT-778 tobacco may be blended into Richland and/or Amelia redried burleys at 1% or less. Labels that will be used to identify these tobaccos can be obtained from Wayne Sanders, Macon Q.A. Charge all expenses to 02-327. Ship all tobaccos to: B & W Tobacco Corporation Development Center, Dock 10F Lee & McCloskey Streets Louisville, Kentucky Attn: B. A. Bandy R&D assistance will be provided in the manufacture of these tobacco products. If there are any questions, please advise. S.E Bobbitt T. E. B. MB. p3b14 Attachment 583232682 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/lycj0037 CUT TOBACCO INQUIRY CUT TOBACCO: MT-768 - D STATUS: DEVELOPMENTAL DESCRIPTION: BEST PROTOTYPE, 327391 SHORT DESCRIPTION: BST391 BLEND: BW-6071 THE BURLEY IS REDRIED OFF-LINE MOISTURE TARGETS: FINAL (IN CIGARETTE) 14.00 % FLUE CURED STRIPS IN BULKER 21.00 % BURLEY STRIPS IN STRIPS BULKER 21.00 % STRIP MOISTURE GAINS FROM MAKE-UP USING HOTANTIS: FLUE CURED STACK 2.00 % BURLEY STACK 2.00 % RECONSTITUTED TOBACCO ADD POINT (S) : TO FLUE CURED/ORIENTAL BEFORE CASING TO REDRIED BURLEY BEFORE TOP DRESSING : STRIPS APPLIED TO : APPL. RATE YIELD : APPL. : STEAM FC CASINGS FLUE ORNT BRLY RECON (LBS/M LBS) M.C.% : TEMP. : TEMP. C-727 X X 114.38 19.0 120 : 0 HOTANTIS X 28.21 21.0 120 135 1 TOP DRESSINGS C-728 X X 93.10 19.0 120 0 HOTANTIS X X 27.67 21.0 120 - 135 FLUE CURED -- BURLEY -- -- ORIENTAL -- -- RECONSTITUTED -- GRADE BIN % GRADE BIN % GRADE BIN % GRADE BIN % 1 C2F 9.4 977 BEST 25.4 73 AOB3 12.8 65 EBRC 13.9 3 L2F 13.5 70 CPCL 10.0 5 T2F 6.0 7 L2FR 9.0 TOTAL 37.9 TOTAL 25.4 TOTAL 12.8 TOTAL 23.9 583232683 Source: :https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/lycj0037 CUT TOBACCO CALCULATIONS CUT TOBACCO: MT-768 D BST391 BEST PROTOTYPE, 327391 FINAL YIELD 12,012 LBS @ 14.0 % M.C. STRIPS BATCH SIZE: 10,000 LBS @ 15.0 % M.C. CUT TOBACCO: : MT-768 D BEST PROTOTYPE, 327391 BLEND : BW-6071 LBS AT 12.5 % SOLID LBS LBS AT TARGET STRIPS: FLUE CURED 3,681.7 3,221.5 3,790.0 @ 15.0 % BURLEY 1,996.3 ( 1,746.8 ) + CASING(S) 2,159.0 2,540.0 @ 15.0 % ORIENTAL 1,243.4 1,088.0 1,280.0 @ 15.0 % RECONSTITUTED 2,321.7 2,031.5 2,390.0 @ 15.0 % STRIPS BATCH 9,243.1 8,500.0 10,000.0 @ 15.0 % CASINGS: C-727 319.6001 694.3212 APPL LBS C-728 139.1876 365.9109 APPL LBS CASED STRIPS 8,958.7877 11,340.2 @ 21.0 % ADD-ONS: ** NO ADD-ONS OR FLAVOR ARE TO BE ADDED TO THIS TEST BATCH ** FINAL YIELD (CASED STRIPS + ADD-ONS) 8,958.8 10,417.2 @ 14.0 % 583232684 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/lycj0037 CUT TOBACCO : MT-768 D BST391 BEST PROTOTYPE. 327391 BLEND : BW-6071 LBS AT 12.5 % SOLID LBS LBS AT TARGET STRIPS: FLUE CURED 3.681.7 3,221.5 3,790.0 @ 15.0 % BURLEY 1,996.3 ( 1,746.8 ) + CASING(S) 2,159.0 2,540.0 @ 15.0 % ORIENTAL 1,243.4 1,088.0 1,280.0 @ 15.0 % RECONSTITUTED 2,321.7 2,031.5 2,390.0 @ 15.0 % TOTAL STRIPS 9,243.1 8,500.0 10,000.0 @ 15.0 % GRADE BIN GRADE LBS AT 12.5 % SOLID LBS LBS AT TARGET 1 C2F C2F 913.1 799.0 940.0 @ 15.0 % 3 L2F L2F 1,311.4 1,147.5 1,350.0 @ 15.0 % 5 T2F T2F 582.9 510.0 600.0 @ 15.0 % 7 L2FR L2FR 583.2 510.3 600.3 @ 15.0 % T2FR 291.1 254.7 299.7 874.3 765.0 900.0 65 EBRC EBR 1,350.3 1,181.5 1,390.0 @ 15.0 % 70 CPCLF CPCL 971.4 850.0 1,000.0 @ 15.0 % 73 AOB3 CAB 207.6 181.7 213.8 @ 15.0 % TAB 414.1 362.3 426.2 UAB 207.6 181.7 213.8 YAB 414.1 362.3 426.2 1,243.4 1,088.0 1,280.0 977 BEST MT-778 1,996.4 1,746.8 ) + CASING (S) 2,159.0 2,540.0 @ 15.0 % 583232685 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/lycj0037

Where is the tobacco being shipped to?

lycj0037

lycj0037_p1, lycj0037_p2, lycj0037_p3, lycj0037_p4

B & W Tobacco Corporation, B&W Tobacco Corporation, Development Center, Dock 10F, Lee & McCloskey Streets, Louisville , Kentucky

-2- The redried burley (MT-778) in this blend will be staged; therefore, it will need to be run to the redried pack out bulker. It will be subsequently used for the rest of the BEST primaries. Please make the appropriate arrangements necessary to accomplish this. Quality should perform the appropriate analytical tests on this operation. The tobacco will be approved before usage. The reconstituted tobacco portions (EBR & CPCL) that will be used for these primary operations must come from the following lot numbers: MA 0402 (EBR # Range 00835200 - 00836415) MA 0625 (CPCL # Range 00852595 - 00852710) Therefore, please make the necessary arrangements required to pull tobaccos from these specified lot numbers for regular production usage starting the week of April 8, 1991. Once the grade bins have been filled with the appropriate reconstituted tobacco, 1,500 lbs. of conditioned EBR and 500 lbs. of conditioned CPCL will be "caught off" These tobaccos will be shipped to R&D Development Center by refrigerated truck on April 10, 1991. Please supply the appropriate big pack boxes to accomplish this. These primary operations will be run starting the week of April 8, 1991. Excess MT-768 D tobacco may be blended into any domestic non-menthol blend at 5% or less. Excess MT-778 tobacco may be blended into Richland and/or Amelia redried burleys at 1% or less. Labels that will be used to identify these tobaccos can be obtained from Wayne Sanders, Macon Q.A. Charge all expenses to 02-327. Ship all tobaccos to: B & W Tobacco Corporation Development Center, Dock 10F Lee & McCloskey Streets Louisville, Kentucky Attn: B. A. Bandy R&D assistance will be provided in the manufacture of these tobacco products. If there are any questions, please advise. S.E Bobbitt T. E. B. MB. p3b14 Attachment 583232682 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/lycj0037 CUT TOBACCO INQUIRY CUT TOBACCO: MT-768 - D STATUS: DEVELOPMENTAL DESCRIPTION: BEST PROTOTYPE, 327391 SHORT DESCRIPTION: BST391 BLEND: BW-6071 THE BURLEY IS REDRIED OFF-LINE MOISTURE TARGETS: FINAL (IN CIGARETTE) 14.00 % FLUE CURED STRIPS IN BULKER 21.00 % BURLEY STRIPS IN STRIPS BULKER 21.00 % STRIP MOISTURE GAINS FROM MAKE-UP USING HOTANTIS: FLUE CURED STACK 2.00 % BURLEY STACK 2.00 % RECONSTITUTED TOBACCO ADD POINT (S) : TO FLUE CURED/ORIENTAL BEFORE CASING TO REDRIED BURLEY BEFORE TOP DRESSING : STRIPS APPLIED TO : APPL. RATE YIELD : APPL. : STEAM FC CASINGS FLUE ORNT BRLY RECON (LBS/M LBS) M.C.% : TEMP. : TEMP. C-727 X X 114.38 19.0 120 : 0 HOTANTIS X 28.21 21.0 120 135 1 TOP DRESSINGS C-728 X X 93.10 19.0 120 0 HOTANTIS X X 27.67 21.0 120 - 135 FLUE CURED -- BURLEY -- -- ORIENTAL -- -- RECONSTITUTED -- GRADE BIN % GRADE BIN % GRADE BIN % GRADE BIN % 1 C2F 9.4 977 BEST 25.4 73 AOB3 12.8 65 EBRC 13.9 3 L2F 13.5 70 CPCL 10.0 5 T2F 6.0 7 L2FR 9.0 TOTAL 37.9 TOTAL 25.4 TOTAL 12.8 TOTAL 23.9 583232683 Source: :https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/lycj0037 CUT TOBACCO CALCULATIONS CUT TOBACCO: MT-768 D BST391 BEST PROTOTYPE, 327391 FINAL YIELD 12,012 LBS @ 14.0 % M.C. STRIPS BATCH SIZE: 10,000 LBS @ 15.0 % M.C. CUT TOBACCO: : MT-768 D BEST PROTOTYPE, 327391 BLEND : BW-6071 LBS AT 12.5 % SOLID LBS LBS AT TARGET STRIPS: FLUE CURED 3,681.7 3,221.5 3,790.0 @ 15.0 % BURLEY 1,996.3 ( 1,746.8 ) + CASING(S) 2,159.0 2,540.0 @ 15.0 % ORIENTAL 1,243.4 1,088.0 1,280.0 @ 15.0 % RECONSTITUTED 2,321.7 2,031.5 2,390.0 @ 15.0 % STRIPS BATCH 9,243.1 8,500.0 10,000.0 @ 15.0 % CASINGS: C-727 319.6001 694.3212 APPL LBS C-728 139.1876 365.9109 APPL LBS CASED STRIPS 8,958.7877 11,340.2 @ 21.0 % ADD-ONS: ** NO ADD-ONS OR FLAVOR ARE TO BE ADDED TO THIS TEST BATCH ** FINAL YIELD (CASED STRIPS + ADD-ONS) 8,958.8 10,417.2 @ 14.0 % 583232684 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/lycj0037 CUT TOBACCO : MT-768 D BST391 BEST PROTOTYPE. 327391 BLEND : BW-6071 LBS AT 12.5 % SOLID LBS LBS AT TARGET STRIPS: FLUE CURED 3.681.7 3,221.5 3,790.0 @ 15.0 % BURLEY 1,996.3 ( 1,746.8 ) + CASING(S) 2,159.0 2,540.0 @ 15.0 % ORIENTAL 1,243.4 1,088.0 1,280.0 @ 15.0 % RECONSTITUTED 2,321.7 2,031.5 2,390.0 @ 15.0 % TOTAL STRIPS 9,243.1 8,500.0 10,000.0 @ 15.0 % GRADE BIN GRADE LBS AT 12.5 % SOLID LBS LBS AT TARGET 1 C2F C2F 913.1 799.0 940.0 @ 15.0 % 3 L2F L2F 1,311.4 1,147.5 1,350.0 @ 15.0 % 5 T2F T2F 582.9 510.0 600.0 @ 15.0 % 7 L2FR L2FR 583.2 510.3 600.3 @ 15.0 % T2FR 291.1 254.7 299.7 874.3 765.0 900.0 65 EBRC EBR 1,350.3 1,181.5 1,390.0 @ 15.0 % 70 CPCLF CPCL 971.4 850.0 1,000.0 @ 15.0 % 73 AOB3 CAB 207.6 181.7 213.8 @ 15.0 % TAB 414.1 362.3 426.2 UAB 207.6 181.7 213.8 YAB 414.1 362.3 426.2 1,243.4 1,088.0 1,280.0 977 BEST MT-778 1,996.4 1,746.8 ) + CASING (S) 2,159.0 2,540.0 @ 15.0 % 583232685 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/lycj0037

Where can be the labels used to identify these tobaccos obtained?

lycj0037

lycj0037_p1, lycj0037_p2, lycj0037_p3, lycj0037_p4

Wayne Sanders, Macon Q.A.

-2- The redried burley (MT-778) in this blend will be staged; therefore, it will need to be run to the redried pack out bulker. It will be subsequently used for the rest of the BEST primaries. Please make the appropriate arrangements necessary to accomplish this. Quality should perform the appropriate analytical tests on this operation. The tobacco will be approved before usage. The reconstituted tobacco portions (EBR & CPCL) that will be used for these primary operations must come from the following lot numbers: MA 0402 (EBR # Range 00835200 - 00836415) MA 0625 (CPCL # Range 00852595 - 00852710) Therefore, please make the necessary arrangements required to pull tobaccos from these specified lot numbers for regular production usage starting the week of April 8, 1991. Once the grade bins have been filled with the appropriate reconstituted tobacco, 1,500 lbs. of conditioned EBR and 500 lbs. of conditioned CPCL will be "caught off" These tobaccos will be shipped to R&D Development Center by refrigerated truck on April 10, 1991. Please supply the appropriate big pack boxes to accomplish this. These primary operations will be run starting the week of April 8, 1991. Excess MT-768 D tobacco may be blended into any domestic non-menthol blend at 5% or less. Excess MT-778 tobacco may be blended into Richland and/or Amelia redried burleys at 1% or less. Labels that will be used to identify these tobaccos can be obtained from Wayne Sanders, Macon Q.A. Charge all expenses to 02-327. Ship all tobaccos to: B & W Tobacco Corporation Development Center, Dock 10F Lee & McCloskey Streets Louisville, Kentucky Attn: B. A. Bandy R&D assistance will be provided in the manufacture of these tobacco products. If there are any questions, please advise. S.E Bobbitt T. E. B. MB. p3b14 Attachment 583232682 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/lycj0037 CUT TOBACCO INQUIRY CUT TOBACCO: MT-768 - D STATUS: DEVELOPMENTAL DESCRIPTION: BEST PROTOTYPE, 327391 SHORT DESCRIPTION: BST391 BLEND: BW-6071 THE BURLEY IS REDRIED OFF-LINE MOISTURE TARGETS: FINAL (IN CIGARETTE) 14.00 % FLUE CURED STRIPS IN BULKER 21.00 % BURLEY STRIPS IN STRIPS BULKER 21.00 % STRIP MOISTURE GAINS FROM MAKE-UP USING HOTANTIS: FLUE CURED STACK 2.00 % BURLEY STACK 2.00 % RECONSTITUTED TOBACCO ADD POINT (S) : TO FLUE CURED/ORIENTAL BEFORE CASING TO REDRIED BURLEY BEFORE TOP DRESSING : STRIPS APPLIED TO : APPL. RATE YIELD : APPL. : STEAM FC CASINGS FLUE ORNT BRLY RECON (LBS/M LBS) M.C.% : TEMP. : TEMP. C-727 X X 114.38 19.0 120 : 0 HOTANTIS X 28.21 21.0 120 135 1 TOP DRESSINGS C-728 X X 93.10 19.0 120 0 HOTANTIS X X 27.67 21.0 120 - 135 FLUE CURED -- BURLEY -- -- ORIENTAL -- -- RECONSTITUTED -- GRADE BIN % GRADE BIN % GRADE BIN % GRADE BIN % 1 C2F 9.4 977 BEST 25.4 73 AOB3 12.8 65 EBRC 13.9 3 L2F 13.5 70 CPCL 10.0 5 T2F 6.0 7 L2FR 9.0 TOTAL 37.9 TOTAL 25.4 TOTAL 12.8 TOTAL 23.9 583232683 Source: :https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/lycj0037 CUT TOBACCO CALCULATIONS CUT TOBACCO: MT-768 D BST391 BEST PROTOTYPE, 327391 FINAL YIELD 12,012 LBS @ 14.0 % M.C. STRIPS BATCH SIZE: 10,000 LBS @ 15.0 % M.C. CUT TOBACCO: : MT-768 D BEST PROTOTYPE, 327391 BLEND : BW-6071 LBS AT 12.5 % SOLID LBS LBS AT TARGET STRIPS: FLUE CURED 3,681.7 3,221.5 3,790.0 @ 15.0 % BURLEY 1,996.3 ( 1,746.8 ) + CASING(S) 2,159.0 2,540.0 @ 15.0 % ORIENTAL 1,243.4 1,088.0 1,280.0 @ 15.0 % RECONSTITUTED 2,321.7 2,031.5 2,390.0 @ 15.0 % STRIPS BATCH 9,243.1 8,500.0 10,000.0 @ 15.0 % CASINGS: C-727 319.6001 694.3212 APPL LBS C-728 139.1876 365.9109 APPL LBS CASED STRIPS 8,958.7877 11,340.2 @ 21.0 % ADD-ONS: ** NO ADD-ONS OR FLAVOR ARE TO BE ADDED TO THIS TEST BATCH ** FINAL YIELD (CASED STRIPS + ADD-ONS) 8,958.8 10,417.2 @ 14.0 % 583232684 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/lycj0037 CUT TOBACCO : MT-768 D BST391 BEST PROTOTYPE. 327391 BLEND : BW-6071 LBS AT 12.5 % SOLID LBS LBS AT TARGET STRIPS: FLUE CURED 3.681.7 3,221.5 3,790.0 @ 15.0 % BURLEY 1,996.3 ( 1,746.8 ) + CASING(S) 2,159.0 2,540.0 @ 15.0 % ORIENTAL 1,243.4 1,088.0 1,280.0 @ 15.0 % RECONSTITUTED 2,321.7 2,031.5 2,390.0 @ 15.0 % TOTAL STRIPS 9,243.1 8,500.0 10,000.0 @ 15.0 % GRADE BIN GRADE LBS AT 12.5 % SOLID LBS LBS AT TARGET 1 C2F C2F 913.1 799.0 940.0 @ 15.0 % 3 L2F L2F 1,311.4 1,147.5 1,350.0 @ 15.0 % 5 T2F T2F 582.9 510.0 600.0 @ 15.0 % 7 L2FR L2FR 583.2 510.3 600.3 @ 15.0 % T2FR 291.1 254.7 299.7 874.3 765.0 900.0 65 EBRC EBR 1,350.3 1,181.5 1,390.0 @ 15.0 % 70 CPCLF CPCL 971.4 850.0 1,000.0 @ 15.0 % 73 AOB3 CAB 207.6 181.7 213.8 @ 15.0 % TAB 414.1 362.3 426.2 UAB 207.6 181.7 213.8 YAB 414.1 362.3 426.2 1,243.4 1,088.0 1,280.0 977 BEST MT-778 1,996.4 1,746.8 ) + CASING (S) 2,159.0 2,540.0 @ 15.0 % 583232685 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/lycj0037

what is the CGR for the age group 21-25?

rzbj0037

rzbj0037_p0

-0.68%

Estimated Growth Rates for B&W Selected Age Groups 1995-2000 Age CGR 21-25 -0.68% 26-35 -1.82% 36-50 1.16% 51+ 4.22% Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/rzbj0037

which age group is having the highest estimated growth rate or CGR?

rzbj0037

rzbj0037_p0

51+

Estimated Growth Rates for B&W Selected Age Groups 1995-2000 Age CGR 21-25 -0.68% 26-35 -1.82% 36-50 1.16% 51+ 4.22% Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/rzbj0037

which age group is having the lowest estimated growth rate or CGR?

rzbj0037

rzbj0037_p0

26-35

Estimated Growth Rates for B&W Selected Age Groups 1995-2000 Age CGR 21-25 -0.68% 26-35 -1.82% 36-50 1.16% 51+ 4.22% Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/rzbj0037

Between which years estimated growth rates have been taken? ?\

rzbj0037

rzbj0037_p0

1995-2000

Estimated Growth Rates for B&W Selected Age Groups 1995-2000 Age CGR 21-25 -0.68% 26-35 -1.82% 36-50 1.16% 51+ 4.22% Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/rzbj0037

which brands did camel exotic blends compliment?

tynx0037

tynx0037_p0, tynx0037_p1, tynx0037_p2

Turkish and domestic blend ., "the brands Turkish and Domestic blend with rare tobaccos and flavorful spices"

RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company Reynolds Building 4th and Main Street Winston-Salem, NC 27102 FACT SHEET Camel Positioning; CML; Exotic Blends May 4, 2000 Camel is a classic, American brand. In 1913, Camel cigarettes were introduced along with a new idea in cigarette smoking - the blending of Turkish and domestic tobaccos - an innovation that pioneered the first "truly American" cigarette and what is known today as the "American blend." Anything that deserves to be called "a classic" - whether it's a cigarette brand, a car, or clothing - earns that title by having a prestigious history and contemporary flair. "A classic" is something that made its mark on different times and cultures, but also appeals to a modern sense of style and taste. Camel is one of the few cigarette brands that can celebrate many different decades of popularity, a history of different times and cultures. Camel has a timeless heritage that few other cigarette brands can own. Camel has been a "Pleasure to Burn Since 1913.' Camel's latest advertising campaign, "Pleasure to Burn," spans decades of the brand's popularity by including elements of past eras along with symbols of today's lifestyle, thus positioning Camel as a brand with a rich heritage that also keeps up with the times. The ads depict moments of smoking pleasure with interesting juxtapositions of the old and the new. At first glimpse, the ads appear to have a "retro" feel, but a second look reveals utterly modern elements. For example, a male detective wears a classic hat and trench coat, but sports an earring; and a lady reminiscent of past eras chats on a cell phone. -more- Source: :https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/tynx0037 The tagline, "Pleasure to Burn - Since 1913," sums up the product (a good- tasting cigarette that is pleasurable to smoke) and the brand's personality (an authentic original - a colorful brand with an irreverent sense of humor). By combining a simple, highly-branded format with a classic painting style (either hand painted or airbrushed) the campaign feels more like art than advertising. Once again, Camel brings together the classic and the contemporary - paintings have been an important part of Camel's advertising since the early part of this century. CML - The Camel Magalog: In October 1999, R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company's Camel brand launched CML, a unique, quarterly magalog currently being mailed to adult smokers in 35 states. This combination magazine-catalog captures the spirit of Camel's adult smokers' lifestyles by focusing on topics, activities and items that fit their interests. Inside, smokers find cutting-edge editorial, graphics, advertisements and offerings that reflect their multi-faceted personalities. Covering a wide spectrum of subjects, CML editorial takes smokers to exotic places, introduces them to interesting people, and, among other things, keeps them up-to-date with the latest global lifestyle and fashion news (complete with source information for featured items). Colorful illustrations and striking shots from award- winning photographers accompany CML's articles. In the latest issue, for example, CML: Follows executives, diplomats and reporters as they learn the principles of the Israeli marshal art krav maga; Profiles Sky, a start-up company whose patrons check e-mails and sip cappuccino while their luxury car gets the buffing of its life; Shows readers a different side of cuisine with tasty-toaster oven treats; and Reveals the third part of CML's own serial soap opera, "Rebecca's Revenge." The publication also covers the places and events that are a part of the Camel scene. The current issue, for instance, pays a visit to tiki-themed bars within the Camel bar program. In the first issue, CML hit the road and paid a visit to the Camel Roadhouse tent during the always-boisterous Sturgis motorcycle rally. The magalog, which is edited and produced by Wink Media in London, is currently being distributed free of charge to age-verified adult smokers who have requested to be on Camel's mailing list. -more- Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/tynx0037 The Exotic Blends - Camel's Specialty Products Camel recently introduced Camel Exotic Blends, a new line of premium specialty products available through CML and select bars within the Camel bar program. Camel Exotic Blends complement the brand's Turkish and domestic blend with rare tobaccos and flavorful spices. The specialty blends are packaged in stylish tins with graphics that capture the exotic feel, and premium quality and taste of Camel. Within each tin, inserts describe the flavor of the blends, the heritage of Camel and what makes the unique styles a pleasure to burn. Samsun Since 1913, Camel has traveled the exotic regions of Asia Minor to find the world's smoothest, most aromatic Turkish tobaccos. Camel Samsun is a premium cigarette that features an extremely delicate and fragrant Turkish leaf. An exotic yet mellow flavor variation of Camel's unique Turkish and domestic blend. Twist The smooth, aromatic flavor of Turkish tobaccos is complemented by the flavors of exotic spices in this special version of Camel's Turkish and domestic blend. By introducing a splash of citrus flavor to our unique blend, Camel Twist offers a uniquely refreshing taste. Crema The smooth aromatic flavor of Turkish tobaccos is complemented by the flavors of exotic spices in this special version of Camel's Turkish and domestic blend. By introducing a hint of vanilla to our unique blend, Camel Crema delivers a creamy, indulgent flavor that offers an intriguing and pleasurable smoking experience. Rare Since 1913, Camel has crossed continents in search of the finest leaf. We roll the top 1 percent of these finest quality tobaccos to blend our own special reserve, Camel Rare. This distinctive version of Camel's Turkish and domestic blend offers a smoking experience that is extraordinarily smooth and mellow, yet delightfully flavorful. (Because Camel Rare is created from a limited resource of top tobacco leaf, the brand is only able to produce a limited quantity of the brand style. Once Camel Rare has sold out within CML and Camel bars, the brand must wait for the next batch of top leaf to continue to manufacture, and replenish, the style.) -more- Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/tynx0037

what does camel crema deliver?

tynx0037

tynx0037_p0, tynx0037_p1, tynx0037_p2

a creamy indulgent flavor that offers an intriguing and pleasurable smoking experience.

RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company Reynolds Building 4th and Main Street Winston-Salem, NC 27102 FACT SHEET Camel Positioning; CML; Exotic Blends May 4, 2000 Camel is a classic, American brand. In 1913, Camel cigarettes were introduced along with a new idea in cigarette smoking - the blending of Turkish and domestic tobaccos - an innovation that pioneered the first "truly American" cigarette and what is known today as the "American blend." Anything that deserves to be called "a classic" - whether it's a cigarette brand, a car, or clothing - earns that title by having a prestigious history and contemporary flair. "A classic" is something that made its mark on different times and cultures, but also appeals to a modern sense of style and taste. Camel is one of the few cigarette brands that can celebrate many different decades of popularity, a history of different times and cultures. Camel has a timeless heritage that few other cigarette brands can own. Camel has been a "Pleasure to Burn Since 1913.' Camel's latest advertising campaign, "Pleasure to Burn," spans decades of the brand's popularity by including elements of past eras along with symbols of today's lifestyle, thus positioning Camel as a brand with a rich heritage that also keeps up with the times. The ads depict moments of smoking pleasure with interesting juxtapositions of the old and the new. At first glimpse, the ads appear to have a "retro" feel, but a second look reveals utterly modern elements. For example, a male detective wears a classic hat and trench coat, but sports an earring; and a lady reminiscent of past eras chats on a cell phone. -more- Source: :https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/tynx0037 The tagline, "Pleasure to Burn - Since 1913," sums up the product (a good- tasting cigarette that is pleasurable to smoke) and the brand's personality (an authentic original - a colorful brand with an irreverent sense of humor). By combining a simple, highly-branded format with a classic painting style (either hand painted or airbrushed) the campaign feels more like art than advertising. Once again, Camel brings together the classic and the contemporary - paintings have been an important part of Camel's advertising since the early part of this century. CML - The Camel Magalog: In October 1999, R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company's Camel brand launched CML, a unique, quarterly magalog currently being mailed to adult smokers in 35 states. This combination magazine-catalog captures the spirit of Camel's adult smokers' lifestyles by focusing on topics, activities and items that fit their interests. Inside, smokers find cutting-edge editorial, graphics, advertisements and offerings that reflect their multi-faceted personalities. Covering a wide spectrum of subjects, CML editorial takes smokers to exotic places, introduces them to interesting people, and, among other things, keeps them up-to-date with the latest global lifestyle and fashion news (complete with source information for featured items). Colorful illustrations and striking shots from award- winning photographers accompany CML's articles. In the latest issue, for example, CML: Follows executives, diplomats and reporters as they learn the principles of the Israeli marshal art krav maga; Profiles Sky, a start-up company whose patrons check e-mails and sip cappuccino while their luxury car gets the buffing of its life; Shows readers a different side of cuisine with tasty-toaster oven treats; and Reveals the third part of CML's own serial soap opera, "Rebecca's Revenge." The publication also covers the places and events that are a part of the Camel scene. The current issue, for instance, pays a visit to tiki-themed bars within the Camel bar program. In the first issue, CML hit the road and paid a visit to the Camel Roadhouse tent during the always-boisterous Sturgis motorcycle rally. The magalog, which is edited and produced by Wink Media in London, is currently being distributed free of charge to age-verified adult smokers who have requested to be on Camel's mailing list. -more- Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/tynx0037 The Exotic Blends - Camel's Specialty Products Camel recently introduced Camel Exotic Blends, a new line of premium specialty products available through CML and select bars within the Camel bar program. Camel Exotic Blends complement the brand's Turkish and domestic blend with rare tobaccos and flavorful spices. The specialty blends are packaged in stylish tins with graphics that capture the exotic feel, and premium quality and taste of Camel. Within each tin, inserts describe the flavor of the blends, the heritage of Camel and what makes the unique styles a pleasure to burn. Samsun Since 1913, Camel has traveled the exotic regions of Asia Minor to find the world's smoothest, most aromatic Turkish tobaccos. Camel Samsun is a premium cigarette that features an extremely delicate and fragrant Turkish leaf. An exotic yet mellow flavor variation of Camel's unique Turkish and domestic blend. Twist The smooth, aromatic flavor of Turkish tobaccos is complemented by the flavors of exotic spices in this special version of Camel's Turkish and domestic blend. By introducing a splash of citrus flavor to our unique blend, Camel Twist offers a uniquely refreshing taste. Crema The smooth aromatic flavor of Turkish tobaccos is complemented by the flavors of exotic spices in this special version of Camel's Turkish and domestic blend. By introducing a hint of vanilla to our unique blend, Camel Crema delivers a creamy, indulgent flavor that offers an intriguing and pleasurable smoking experience. Rare Since 1913, Camel has crossed continents in search of the finest leaf. We roll the top 1 percent of these finest quality tobaccos to blend our own special reserve, Camel Rare. This distinctive version of Camel's Turkish and domestic blend offers a smoking experience that is extraordinarily smooth and mellow, yet delightfully flavorful. (Because Camel Rare is created from a limited resource of top tobacco leaf, the brand is only able to produce a limited quantity of the brand style. Once Camel Rare has sold out within CML and Camel bars, the brand must wait for the next batch of top leaf to continue to manufacture, and replenish, the style.) -more- Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/tynx0037

How are speciality blends packed?

tynx0037

tynx0037_p0, tynx0037_p1, tynx0037_p2

stylish tins with graphics, In stylish tins with graphics

RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company Reynolds Building 4th and Main Street Winston-Salem, NC 27102 FACT SHEET Camel Positioning; CML; Exotic Blends May 4, 2000 Camel is a classic, American brand. In 1913, Camel cigarettes were introduced along with a new idea in cigarette smoking - the blending of Turkish and domestic tobaccos - an innovation that pioneered the first "truly American" cigarette and what is known today as the "American blend." Anything that deserves to be called "a classic" - whether it's a cigarette brand, a car, or clothing - earns that title by having a prestigious history and contemporary flair. "A classic" is something that made its mark on different times and cultures, but also appeals to a modern sense of style and taste. Camel is one of the few cigarette brands that can celebrate many different decades of popularity, a history of different times and cultures. Camel has a timeless heritage that few other cigarette brands can own. Camel has been a "Pleasure to Burn Since 1913.' Camel's latest advertising campaign, "Pleasure to Burn," spans decades of the brand's popularity by including elements of past eras along with symbols of today's lifestyle, thus positioning Camel as a brand with a rich heritage that also keeps up with the times. The ads depict moments of smoking pleasure with interesting juxtapositions of the old and the new. At first glimpse, the ads appear to have a "retro" feel, but a second look reveals utterly modern elements. For example, a male detective wears a classic hat and trench coat, but sports an earring; and a lady reminiscent of past eras chats on a cell phone. -more- Source: :https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/tynx0037 The tagline, "Pleasure to Burn - Since 1913," sums up the product (a good- tasting cigarette that is pleasurable to smoke) and the brand's personality (an authentic original - a colorful brand with an irreverent sense of humor). By combining a simple, highly-branded format with a classic painting style (either hand painted or airbrushed) the campaign feels more like art than advertising. Once again, Camel brings together the classic and the contemporary - paintings have been an important part of Camel's advertising since the early part of this century. CML - The Camel Magalog: In October 1999, R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company's Camel brand launched CML, a unique, quarterly magalog currently being mailed to adult smokers in 35 states. This combination magazine-catalog captures the spirit of Camel's adult smokers' lifestyles by focusing on topics, activities and items that fit their interests. Inside, smokers find cutting-edge editorial, graphics, advertisements and offerings that reflect their multi-faceted personalities. Covering a wide spectrum of subjects, CML editorial takes smokers to exotic places, introduces them to interesting people, and, among other things, keeps them up-to-date with the latest global lifestyle and fashion news (complete with source information for featured items). Colorful illustrations and striking shots from award- winning photographers accompany CML's articles. In the latest issue, for example, CML: Follows executives, diplomats and reporters as they learn the principles of the Israeli marshal art krav maga; Profiles Sky, a start-up company whose patrons check e-mails and sip cappuccino while their luxury car gets the buffing of its life; Shows readers a different side of cuisine with tasty-toaster oven treats; and Reveals the third part of CML's own serial soap opera, "Rebecca's Revenge." The publication also covers the places and events that are a part of the Camel scene. The current issue, for instance, pays a visit to tiki-themed bars within the Camel bar program. In the first issue, CML hit the road and paid a visit to the Camel Roadhouse tent during the always-boisterous Sturgis motorcycle rally. The magalog, which is edited and produced by Wink Media in London, is currently being distributed free of charge to age-verified adult smokers who have requested to be on Camel's mailing list. -more- Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/tynx0037 The Exotic Blends - Camel's Specialty Products Camel recently introduced Camel Exotic Blends, a new line of premium specialty products available through CML and select bars within the Camel bar program. Camel Exotic Blends complement the brand's Turkish and domestic blend with rare tobaccos and flavorful spices. The specialty blends are packaged in stylish tins with graphics that capture the exotic feel, and premium quality and taste of Camel. Within each tin, inserts describe the flavor of the blends, the heritage of Camel and what makes the unique styles a pleasure to burn. Samsun Since 1913, Camel has traveled the exotic regions of Asia Minor to find the world's smoothest, most aromatic Turkish tobaccos. Camel Samsun is a premium cigarette that features an extremely delicate and fragrant Turkish leaf. An exotic yet mellow flavor variation of Camel's unique Turkish and domestic blend. Twist The smooth, aromatic flavor of Turkish tobaccos is complemented by the flavors of exotic spices in this special version of Camel's Turkish and domestic blend. By introducing a splash of citrus flavor to our unique blend, Camel Twist offers a uniquely refreshing taste. Crema The smooth aromatic flavor of Turkish tobaccos is complemented by the flavors of exotic spices in this special version of Camel's Turkish and domestic blend. By introducing a hint of vanilla to our unique blend, Camel Crema delivers a creamy, indulgent flavor that offers an intriguing and pleasurable smoking experience. Rare Since 1913, Camel has crossed continents in search of the finest leaf. We roll the top 1 percent of these finest quality tobaccos to blend our own special reserve, Camel Rare. This distinctive version of Camel's Turkish and domestic blend offers a smoking experience that is extraordinarily smooth and mellow, yet delightfully flavorful. (Because Camel Rare is created from a limited resource of top tobacco leaf, the brand is only able to produce a limited quantity of the brand style. Once Camel Rare has sold out within CML and Camel bars, the brand must wait for the next batch of top leaf to continue to manufacture, and replenish, the style.) -more- Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/tynx0037

What is the date mentioned?

xjpj0226

xjpj0226_p0, xjpj0226_p1

September 20, 1985

PEPSI-COLAU.S.A. PEPSI PURCHASE . NEW YORK 10577 USIA September 20, 1985 Ms. Linda Goldstein Center for Science in the Public Interest 1501 Sixteenth St., NW Washington, DC 20036 Dear Ms. Goldstein: Thank you for your recent letter to Pepsi-Col requesting information about our products. A complete listing of the ingredients in our Pepsi products appears on each package. In answer to your question regarding the nutritional break down of our carbonated beverages, we are enclosing a Product Ingredient Brochure. Please note that the amounts of sodium, potassium and calcium depend on the local water supply. Our independently owned and operated Pepsi-Cola franchise bottlers have the choice of using one of the sweeteners authorized for use by the Pepsi-Cola system. The bottlers primarily use sucrose and high fructose corn syrup. The sweetener used in Pepsi-Cola determines its exact caloric content. When sweetened with sucrose, Pepsi-Cola has 13.1 calories per ounce, or 157 calories in a 12-ounce can. When sweetened with high fructose corn syrup, it contains 13.3 calories per ounce, for a total of 160 calories per 12-ounce serving. The caloric content indicated in the enclosed brochure is for Pepsi-Cola sweetened with sucrose. This calculation is based on the standard multiplier of 3.8 calories per gram of carbohydrate. We appreciate your interest in Pepsi-Cola Company and its products and hope this information has been helpful to you. Sincerely, anita Pancotta Anita Pancotto Consumer Correspondent Enclosure Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/xjpj0226 INGREDIENT DAIA Popsi=Gola Product Information Ingredients are given per fluid ounce of bottled or canned beverage 12fl. 02. Diet Mountain Component Pepsi-Cola Diot Pepsi Pepsi Light Pepsi Free Pepsi Free Dew Slice Diet Slice Calories 13.3 159.6 0.07.84 0.08.96 13.3 159,6 0.08.96 14.9 178.8 12.7 / 52.4 2026.4 Wator, gms. 27.4 29.5 : 29.5 27.4 29.5 27.2 27.4 29.0 Carbohydrato, gms. 3.3 39.6 0,02 .24 0.01.1. 3.3 39.6 3.7 44.4 3.3 39.6 0.5 6 Sugars,gmo.² 3.3 39.6 o o o o 3.3 39.6 to 3.7 44, 4 3.3 39.6 0.5 6 Phosphorus, mgms. 4.6 55.2 4.4 53 2.2 26.4 4.6 55.2 4.2 50.4 0 0 0 0 Calfoino, mgmo. 3.2 8.4 3.0 36 3.0 36 a O o O 4.5 54 o o 00 Potacslum, mgms. L1 13.7 4.5 54 3.8 45.6 1.1 13.2 8.3 99.6 0.8 9.6 8.3 996 8.3 99.6 Sodium, mgms.4 D 2.4 0.2 2.4 02 2.4 0.22.4 0.22.4 2.6 31.2 0.9 10.8 0.9 10.8 Benzoic Acid, mgms. 0 2.5 2.5 0 0 9.6 8.7 8.7 Saccharin, mgms. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Aspartame, mgms. 0 14.75 14.75 0 14.75 0 0 11.38 1. These products contain negligible amounts of iron. calcium, protein, starch, fiber, fat or vitamins. Only the finest ingredients are used Caramel (made from corn sugar) adds 2. Regular soft drinks (other than Diet Pepsi, Pepsi Light, Diet Pepsi in the production of Pepsi-Cola color and flavor to our colas. Other Free, Diet Slice) are sweetened primarily with high fructose corn syrup, but sucrose, medium invert sugar or blends of these sweeten- Company beverages. All ingredients elements add a sharp refreshing taste: ers are also used. In the finished product, these sugars result in a mixture of fructose, glucose and sucrose. are safe, thoroughly tested and phosphoric acid in colas; citric 3. For comparison, average strength brewed coffee contains 18 approved for use by the Federal Food acid and sodium citrate in Mountain milligrams of caffeine per fluid ounce, average strength brewed tea contains 9 milligrams fl. ounce, 1 oz. chocolate bar contains and Drug Administration (FDA). approximately 20 milligrams of caffeine. Dew, Diet Pepsi, Pepsi Light, Diet 4. Sodium and potassium contributions do not include the contri- To guarantee our consumers consis- Pepsi Free, Slice and Diet Slice. bution from water and sugars used at the bottling plant, which will vary according to the local supply. For comparison, most local tent quality, each ingredient must Mountain Dew also includes emulsi- water supplies contain less than 3.0 milligrams of sodium per fluid ounce, making soft drinks contribute an average of less than pass Pepsi-Cola high standards, 1' of estimated daily sodium intake. Slice and Diet Slice values rigorous quality-control tests, fiers to keep flavoring oils in suspen- are calculated using the average contribution from juice. and strict bottling procedures. sion, EDTA to protect flavor, and a Date: July 1985 All ingredients are listed on the preservative (sodium benzoate). label in order of decreasing amount. Caffeine, a bitter-tasting agent, bal- All Pepsi-Cola products contain ances the sweet flavor in soft drinks. natural flavors. These include extracts It is naturally present in the kola of the kola nut, vanilla beans and nut and added in small amounts to flavor oils derived from natural sources some beverages. such as oranges, lemons and limes. PEPSI PEPSI-COLA COMPANY, PURCHASE, NEW YORK 10577 is Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/xjpj0226

To whom is this letter addressed?

xjpj0226

xjpj0226_p0, xjpj0226_p1

Ms. Linda Goldstein, Ms. Goldstein

PEPSI-COLAU.S.A. PEPSI PURCHASE . NEW YORK 10577 USIA September 20, 1985 Ms. Linda Goldstein Center for Science in the Public Interest 1501 Sixteenth St., NW Washington, DC 20036 Dear Ms. Goldstein: Thank you for your recent letter to Pepsi-Col requesting information about our products. A complete listing of the ingredients in our Pepsi products appears on each package. In answer to your question regarding the nutritional break down of our carbonated beverages, we are enclosing a Product Ingredient Brochure. Please note that the amounts of sodium, potassium and calcium depend on the local water supply. Our independently owned and operated Pepsi-Cola franchise bottlers have the choice of using one of the sweeteners authorized for use by the Pepsi-Cola system. The bottlers primarily use sucrose and high fructose corn syrup. The sweetener used in Pepsi-Cola determines its exact caloric content. When sweetened with sucrose, Pepsi-Cola has 13.1 calories per ounce, or 157 calories in a 12-ounce can. When sweetened with high fructose corn syrup, it contains 13.3 calories per ounce, for a total of 160 calories per 12-ounce serving. The caloric content indicated in the enclosed brochure is for Pepsi-Cola sweetened with sucrose. This calculation is based on the standard multiplier of 3.8 calories per gram of carbohydrate. We appreciate your interest in Pepsi-Cola Company and its products and hope this information has been helpful to you. Sincerely, anita Pancotta Anita Pancotto Consumer Correspondent Enclosure Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/xjpj0226 INGREDIENT DAIA Popsi=Gola Product Information Ingredients are given per fluid ounce of bottled or canned beverage 12fl. 02. Diet Mountain Component Pepsi-Cola Diot Pepsi Pepsi Light Pepsi Free Pepsi Free Dew Slice Diet Slice Calories 13.3 159.6 0.07.84 0.08.96 13.3 159,6 0.08.96 14.9 178.8 12.7 / 52.4 2026.4 Wator, gms. 27.4 29.5 : 29.5 27.4 29.5 27.2 27.4 29.0 Carbohydrato, gms. 3.3 39.6 0,02 .24 0.01.1. 3.3 39.6 3.7 44.4 3.3 39.6 0.5 6 Sugars,gmo.² 3.3 39.6 o o o o 3.3 39.6 to 3.7 44, 4 3.3 39.6 0.5 6 Phosphorus, mgms. 4.6 55.2 4.4 53 2.2 26.4 4.6 55.2 4.2 50.4 0 0 0 0 Calfoino, mgmo. 3.2 8.4 3.0 36 3.0 36 a O o O 4.5 54 o o 00 Potacslum, mgms. L1 13.7 4.5 54 3.8 45.6 1.1 13.2 8.3 99.6 0.8 9.6 8.3 996 8.3 99.6 Sodium, mgms.4 D 2.4 0.2 2.4 02 2.4 0.22.4 0.22.4 2.6 31.2 0.9 10.8 0.9 10.8 Benzoic Acid, mgms. 0 2.5 2.5 0 0 9.6 8.7 8.7 Saccharin, mgms. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Aspartame, mgms. 0 14.75 14.75 0 14.75 0 0 11.38 1. These products contain negligible amounts of iron. calcium, protein, starch, fiber, fat or vitamins. Only the finest ingredients are used Caramel (made from corn sugar) adds 2. Regular soft drinks (other than Diet Pepsi, Pepsi Light, Diet Pepsi in the production of Pepsi-Cola color and flavor to our colas. Other Free, Diet Slice) are sweetened primarily with high fructose corn syrup, but sucrose, medium invert sugar or blends of these sweeten- Company beverages. All ingredients elements add a sharp refreshing taste: ers are also used. In the finished product, these sugars result in a mixture of fructose, glucose and sucrose. are safe, thoroughly tested and phosphoric acid in colas; citric 3. For comparison, average strength brewed coffee contains 18 approved for use by the Federal Food acid and sodium citrate in Mountain milligrams of caffeine per fluid ounce, average strength brewed tea contains 9 milligrams fl. ounce, 1 oz. chocolate bar contains and Drug Administration (FDA). approximately 20 milligrams of caffeine. Dew, Diet Pepsi, Pepsi Light, Diet 4. Sodium and potassium contributions do not include the contri- To guarantee our consumers consis- Pepsi Free, Slice and Diet Slice. bution from water and sugars used at the bottling plant, which will vary according to the local supply. For comparison, most local tent quality, each ingredient must Mountain Dew also includes emulsi- water supplies contain less than 3.0 milligrams of sodium per fluid ounce, making soft drinks contribute an average of less than pass Pepsi-Cola high standards, 1' of estimated daily sodium intake. Slice and Diet Slice values rigorous quality-control tests, fiers to keep flavoring oils in suspen- are calculated using the average contribution from juice. and strict bottling procedures. sion, EDTA to protect flavor, and a Date: July 1985 All ingredients are listed on the preservative (sodium benzoate). label in order of decreasing amount. Caffeine, a bitter-tasting agent, bal- All Pepsi-Cola products contain ances the sweet flavor in soft drinks. natural flavors. These include extracts It is naturally present in the kola of the kola nut, vanilla beans and nut and added in small amounts to flavor oils derived from natural sources some beverages. such as oranges, lemons and limes. PEPSI PEPSI-COLA COMPANY, PURCHASE, NEW YORK 10577 is Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/xjpj0226

The amounts of which elements depend on the local water supply?

xjpj0226

xjpj0226_p0, xjpj0226_p1

Sodium, Potassium and Calcium, sodium, potassium and calcium

PEPSI-COLAU.S.A. PEPSI PURCHASE . NEW YORK 10577 USIA September 20, 1985 Ms. Linda Goldstein Center for Science in the Public Interest 1501 Sixteenth St., NW Washington, DC 20036 Dear Ms. Goldstein: Thank you for your recent letter to Pepsi-Col requesting information about our products. A complete listing of the ingredients in our Pepsi products appears on each package. In answer to your question regarding the nutritional break down of our carbonated beverages, we are enclosing a Product Ingredient Brochure. Please note that the amounts of sodium, potassium and calcium depend on the local water supply. Our independently owned and operated Pepsi-Cola franchise bottlers have the choice of using one of the sweeteners authorized for use by the Pepsi-Cola system. The bottlers primarily use sucrose and high fructose corn syrup. The sweetener used in Pepsi-Cola determines its exact caloric content. When sweetened with sucrose, Pepsi-Cola has 13.1 calories per ounce, or 157 calories in a 12-ounce can. When sweetened with high fructose corn syrup, it contains 13.3 calories per ounce, for a total of 160 calories per 12-ounce serving. The caloric content indicated in the enclosed brochure is for Pepsi-Cola sweetened with sucrose. This calculation is based on the standard multiplier of 3.8 calories per gram of carbohydrate. We appreciate your interest in Pepsi-Cola Company and its products and hope this information has been helpful to you. Sincerely, anita Pancotta Anita Pancotto Consumer Correspondent Enclosure Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/xjpj0226 INGREDIENT DAIA Popsi=Gola Product Information Ingredients are given per fluid ounce of bottled or canned beverage 12fl. 02. Diet Mountain Component Pepsi-Cola Diot Pepsi Pepsi Light Pepsi Free Pepsi Free Dew Slice Diet Slice Calories 13.3 159.6 0.07.84 0.08.96 13.3 159,6 0.08.96 14.9 178.8 12.7 / 52.4 2026.4 Wator, gms. 27.4 29.5 : 29.5 27.4 29.5 27.2 27.4 29.0 Carbohydrato, gms. 3.3 39.6 0,02 .24 0.01.1. 3.3 39.6 3.7 44.4 3.3 39.6 0.5 6 Sugars,gmo.² 3.3 39.6 o o o o 3.3 39.6 to 3.7 44, 4 3.3 39.6 0.5 6 Phosphorus, mgms. 4.6 55.2 4.4 53 2.2 26.4 4.6 55.2 4.2 50.4 0 0 0 0 Calfoino, mgmo. 3.2 8.4 3.0 36 3.0 36 a O o O 4.5 54 o o 00 Potacslum, mgms. L1 13.7 4.5 54 3.8 45.6 1.1 13.2 8.3 99.6 0.8 9.6 8.3 996 8.3 99.6 Sodium, mgms.4 D 2.4 0.2 2.4 02 2.4 0.22.4 0.22.4 2.6 31.2 0.9 10.8 0.9 10.8 Benzoic Acid, mgms. 0 2.5 2.5 0 0 9.6 8.7 8.7 Saccharin, mgms. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Aspartame, mgms. 0 14.75 14.75 0 14.75 0 0 11.38 1. These products contain negligible amounts of iron. calcium, protein, starch, fiber, fat or vitamins. Only the finest ingredients are used Caramel (made from corn sugar) adds 2. Regular soft drinks (other than Diet Pepsi, Pepsi Light, Diet Pepsi in the production of Pepsi-Cola color and flavor to our colas. Other Free, Diet Slice) are sweetened primarily with high fructose corn syrup, but sucrose, medium invert sugar or blends of these sweeten- Company beverages. All ingredients elements add a sharp refreshing taste: ers are also used. In the finished product, these sugars result in a mixture of fructose, glucose and sucrose. are safe, thoroughly tested and phosphoric acid in colas; citric 3. For comparison, average strength brewed coffee contains 18 approved for use by the Federal Food acid and sodium citrate in Mountain milligrams of caffeine per fluid ounce, average strength brewed tea contains 9 milligrams fl. ounce, 1 oz. chocolate bar contains and Drug Administration (FDA). approximately 20 milligrams of caffeine. Dew, Diet Pepsi, Pepsi Light, Diet 4. Sodium and potassium contributions do not include the contri- To guarantee our consumers consis- Pepsi Free, Slice and Diet Slice. bution from water and sugars used at the bottling plant, which will vary according to the local supply. For comparison, most local tent quality, each ingredient must Mountain Dew also includes emulsi- water supplies contain less than 3.0 milligrams of sodium per fluid ounce, making soft drinks contribute an average of less than pass Pepsi-Cola high standards, 1' of estimated daily sodium intake. Slice and Diet Slice values rigorous quality-control tests, fiers to keep flavoring oils in suspen- are calculated using the average contribution from juice. and strict bottling procedures. sion, EDTA to protect flavor, and a Date: July 1985 All ingredients are listed on the preservative (sodium benzoate). label in order of decreasing amount. Caffeine, a bitter-tasting agent, bal- All Pepsi-Cola products contain ances the sweet flavor in soft drinks. natural flavors. These include extracts It is naturally present in the kola of the kola nut, vanilla beans and nut and added in small amounts to flavor oils derived from natural sources some beverages. such as oranges, lemons and limes. PEPSI PEPSI-COLA COMPANY, PURCHASE, NEW YORK 10577 is Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/xjpj0226

Where does the complete listing of ingredients in Pepsi products appear?

xjpj0226

xjpj0226_p0, xjpj0226_p1

on each package.

PEPSI-COLAU.S.A. PEPSI PURCHASE . NEW YORK 10577 USIA September 20, 1985 Ms. Linda Goldstein Center for Science in the Public Interest 1501 Sixteenth St., NW Washington, DC 20036 Dear Ms. Goldstein: Thank you for your recent letter to Pepsi-Col requesting information about our products. A complete listing of the ingredients in our Pepsi products appears on each package. In answer to your question regarding the nutritional break down of our carbonated beverages, we are enclosing a Product Ingredient Brochure. Please note that the amounts of sodium, potassium and calcium depend on the local water supply. Our independently owned and operated Pepsi-Cola franchise bottlers have the choice of using one of the sweeteners authorized for use by the Pepsi-Cola system. The bottlers primarily use sucrose and high fructose corn syrup. The sweetener used in Pepsi-Cola determines its exact caloric content. When sweetened with sucrose, Pepsi-Cola has 13.1 calories per ounce, or 157 calories in a 12-ounce can. When sweetened with high fructose corn syrup, it contains 13.3 calories per ounce, for a total of 160 calories per 12-ounce serving. The caloric content indicated in the enclosed brochure is for Pepsi-Cola sweetened with sucrose. This calculation is based on the standard multiplier of 3.8 calories per gram of carbohydrate. We appreciate your interest in Pepsi-Cola Company and its products and hope this information has been helpful to you. Sincerely, anita Pancotta Anita Pancotto Consumer Correspondent Enclosure Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/xjpj0226 INGREDIENT DAIA Popsi=Gola Product Information Ingredients are given per fluid ounce of bottled or canned beverage 12fl. 02. Diet Mountain Component Pepsi-Cola Diot Pepsi Pepsi Light Pepsi Free Pepsi Free Dew Slice Diet Slice Calories 13.3 159.6 0.07.84 0.08.96 13.3 159,6 0.08.96 14.9 178.8 12.7 / 52.4 2026.4 Wator, gms. 27.4 29.5 : 29.5 27.4 29.5 27.2 27.4 29.0 Carbohydrato, gms. 3.3 39.6 0,02 .24 0.01.1. 3.3 39.6 3.7 44.4 3.3 39.6 0.5 6 Sugars,gmo.² 3.3 39.6 o o o o 3.3 39.6 to 3.7 44, 4 3.3 39.6 0.5 6 Phosphorus, mgms. 4.6 55.2 4.4 53 2.2 26.4 4.6 55.2 4.2 50.4 0 0 0 0 Calfoino, mgmo. 3.2 8.4 3.0 36 3.0 36 a O o O 4.5 54 o o 00 Potacslum, mgms. L1 13.7 4.5 54 3.8 45.6 1.1 13.2 8.3 99.6 0.8 9.6 8.3 996 8.3 99.6 Sodium, mgms.4 D 2.4 0.2 2.4 02 2.4 0.22.4 0.22.4 2.6 31.2 0.9 10.8 0.9 10.8 Benzoic Acid, mgms. 0 2.5 2.5 0 0 9.6 8.7 8.7 Saccharin, mgms. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Aspartame, mgms. 0 14.75 14.75 0 14.75 0 0 11.38 1. These products contain negligible amounts of iron. calcium, protein, starch, fiber, fat or vitamins. Only the finest ingredients are used Caramel (made from corn sugar) adds 2. Regular soft drinks (other than Diet Pepsi, Pepsi Light, Diet Pepsi in the production of Pepsi-Cola color and flavor to our colas. Other Free, Diet Slice) are sweetened primarily with high fructose corn syrup, but sucrose, medium invert sugar or blends of these sweeten- Company beverages. All ingredients elements add a sharp refreshing taste: ers are also used. In the finished product, these sugars result in a mixture of fructose, glucose and sucrose. are safe, thoroughly tested and phosphoric acid in colas; citric 3. For comparison, average strength brewed coffee contains 18 approved for use by the Federal Food acid and sodium citrate in Mountain milligrams of caffeine per fluid ounce, average strength brewed tea contains 9 milligrams fl. ounce, 1 oz. chocolate bar contains and Drug Administration (FDA). approximately 20 milligrams of caffeine. Dew, Diet Pepsi, Pepsi Light, Diet 4. Sodium and potassium contributions do not include the contri- To guarantee our consumers consis- Pepsi Free, Slice and Diet Slice. bution from water and sugars used at the bottling plant, which will vary according to the local supply. For comparison, most local tent quality, each ingredient must Mountain Dew also includes emulsi- water supplies contain less than 3.0 milligrams of sodium per fluid ounce, making soft drinks contribute an average of less than pass Pepsi-Cola high standards, 1' of estimated daily sodium intake. Slice and Diet Slice values rigorous quality-control tests, fiers to keep flavoring oils in suspen- are calculated using the average contribution from juice. and strict bottling procedures. sion, EDTA to protect flavor, and a Date: July 1985 All ingredients are listed on the preservative (sodium benzoate). label in order of decreasing amount. Caffeine, a bitter-tasting agent, bal- All Pepsi-Cola products contain ances the sweet flavor in soft drinks. natural flavors. These include extracts It is naturally present in the kola of the kola nut, vanilla beans and nut and added in small amounts to flavor oils derived from natural sources some beverages. such as oranges, lemons and limes. PEPSI PEPSI-COLA COMPANY, PURCHASE, NEW YORK 10577 is Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/xjpj0226

What is the word written in bold black in the first picture?

mtyj0226

mtyj0226_p0, mtyj0226_p1, mtyj0226_p2

Coke, Coke ®

information 1-800 1-800 GET Coker Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226 TAM, Coca=Gola USA Division of or CA I: The Gempany P.O. Drawer 1734 Atlanta, Ga. 30301 Mr. W. Thomas 1195 N. Vermont Arlington, VA 22201 CC-1914 (STOCK 40655-3) Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyio226 Consumer Information Center Coca-Cola USA Division of The Coca Cola Cempany March 4, 1991 Mr. W. Thomas 1195 N. Vermont Arlington, VA 22201 Dear Mr. Thomas: Thank you for contacting us regarding nutritional and educational material. Enclosed is the available printed material concerning our products which should be helpful to you. Your interest is appreciated. Sincerely, Himberly Bager Kimberly Boyer Supervisor Consumer Correspondence KB:CW Enclosures: Ingredients Brochures P.O. Drawer 1734 Atlanta, GA 30301 I-800-GET COKE Source: ps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226

What is the name of the beverages company?

ykpj0226

ykpj0226_p7, ykpj0226_p8, ykpj0226_p9, ykpj0226_p10, ykpj0226_p11

Shasta BEVERAGES, Shasta beverages, Shasta Beverages, Shasta

Shasta BEVERAGES ACONSOLIDATED FOODS COMPANY . RESPONSIVE TO CONSUMER NEEDS EXECUTIVE OFFICES TABLE OF BEVERAGE COMPOSITION THE FOLLOWING NUTRITIONAL VALUES ARE TYPICAL OF SHASTA SOFT DRINKS PER 12 FLUID OUNCES NEW DIET SHASTA REGULAR SHASTA WATER (%) 99.6 87.3-91.3 CALORIES * (1) 99-172 *(1) CARBOHYDRATE: Total (GM) *(1) 27-47 *(1) Non-reducing (GM) *(1) *(2) Reducing (GM) *(1) Fiber (GM) 0.0 *(3) TRACE PROTEIN (GM) 0.0 0.0 FAT (GM) 0.0 0.0 ASH (GM) 0.0 TRACE CALCIUM (MG) 8.52-12.1 8.52-10.6 PHOSPHORUS (MG) 2.0 -55.5 TRACE-38.8 IRON (PPM) 0.2 0.2 SODIUM (MG) 44.4-67.0 6.74-55.0 POTASSIUM (MG) 7.31-17.7 1.06-9.58 STANNOUS (PPM) 8-10 0.0 MAGNESIUM (MG) 0.03-2.0 0.2-1.8 VITAMIN A (1.0.) 0.0 TRACE THIAMIN (MG) 0.0 TRACE RIBOFLAVIN (MG) 0.0 TRACE NIACIN (MG) 0.0 TRACE SACCHARIN (MG) 108.0 0.0 CAFFEINE (MG) 44.0 Cola Only 44.0 Cola Only ALL Beverages presumed to be essentially free of Cholesterol, Saturated Fatty Acid, and Unsaturated Fatty Acid. *(1) Refer to Calorie and Carbohydrate Table for values by flavor. *(2) Dashes denote lack of data for constituent believed to be present. *(3) Zero indicates that a constituent is none or too small to measure. October, 1979 lecil Science/Technology fanny Naturally Ffruit sugar* finding mew ascueptance NEWSDAY as a sucrose alternative Garden City, NJ August 29, 1979 When you bite into an apple, most of its sweetness will come from fructose, a simple su- Glucose enters the bloodstream rapidly and insu- gar that has earned the nickname fruit sugar. lin must be produced for it to be metabolized. Lately, though, you can get the sweet taste of Fructose, on the other hand, is metabolized slow- fructose in Smuckers jams, Sara Lee desserts or ly over a much longer period of time, and a Shasta soft drinks. smaller amount of insulin is required. The fruit sugar is also being used in ketchup, Because the metabolism of fructose is not as canned fruits, salad dressing, pancake syrup and dependent on insulin as that of glucose, re- ice cream as an alternative to sucrose or table searchers have looked to fructose as 8 possible sugar. Fructose is even turning up in tablets and sweetener for diabetics. However, in a special re- is being touted as the latest way to lose weight. port to the Food and Drug Administration, a sci- While a molecule of fructose is very similar entific panel concluded that there are insuffi- to a molecule of glucose-the two combine to cient data to determine if fructose or any other form sucrose-it is sweeter than both of them. carbohydrate has beneficial properties for the "Traditionally, sucrose is given a sweetness val- long-term dietary management of diabetes. The ue of 1," said Ken Beery of ADM Corn Sweeten- panel did note that the use of fructose is accepted ers. "Dextrose {another name for glucose] is by reputable European diabetologists. about 0.7, honey around 1.2 and fructose normal- According to one FDA scientist, the conclu- ly about 1.5 to 1.8." sion of the report "doesn't say there's sometning bad with the substance. We don't know what ef- Until recently, when the technology of pro- ducing the sugar from corn was improved, fruc- fect, if any, the substance may have. in the ab- tose was not widely available as a sweetener. sence of information, I'm extremely reluccant to "We start with the entire corn kernel, the same say, go ahead." A doctor and researcher in the we would be feeding to cattle or hogs," said area said, "The whole fructose story is up ic. the air. In this country, most people taking care of Beery. Part of the kernel is reprocessed for ani- diabetic patients say there is no role for fractose mal feed, and the inner hard piece or corn germ The work rieeds to be expanded." is pressed for oil, he explained. What's left is In addition to the claira that fructoce may starch that can be processed into traditional corn prove beneficial to diabetics, it is also ciaimed syrups like Karo or cornstarch like Argo. that fructose helps people stay on diets. Then This starch can also be turned into high-fruc- you consume a cookie," said Beery, your blood tose corn sweetener by using enzymes to convert sugar goes very high. Instead of dropping back the starch through glucose to fructose. "We say down to a normal range, it drops below and you it's a natural product because it is made with en- feel hungry. So you eat a piece of candy and go zymes that would be typical of the enzymes that through the cycle again. With fructose. accord- are in our body,' Beery said. ing to the theory, because you don't experience Because the U.S. corn crop is traditionally the low blood sugar level and thus the signal that abundant, high-fructose corn sweeteners can be you are hungry, you don't eat that extra candy. less expensive than sucrose, whose price fluctu- Hence, the development of fructose tablets. ates on the world market; currently one of the "Fructose does not make you lose weight, but it forms of the fructose sweetener is selling for 20 does help minimize the number of bunger pains per cent less than conventional sucrose, accord- you will get," said Bruce Samian, president of ing to Beery. Batter-Lite Foods, which developed the tablets. Shasta was originally interested in fructose The 100 calories you get from the fructose teblet because it was cheaper, but the beverage com- is minimal compared to the 600 or 700 calories pany decided to replace sucrose entirely with you would consume when your blood suga: level fructose after deciding the latter tasted better, bottoms out, he theorized. The docter and re- said Cecil Lowry of Shasta Beverages Inc. Be- searcher said, however, that he has not sent an cause fructose is sweeter than sucrose, less is excellent study to document that claim and that needed, resulting in an average 10 to 12 per cent he believes it is still a big question. reduction in calories, he added. "It also provides The claim that appears least controversial in- an alternative to ordinary sugar that a lot of volves dental caries. An extensive two-year people don't feel so good about," Lowry said. study showed that caries formation was de- While the fructose alternative is similar to creased by 25 per cent in a group with a frectose- the ordinary sucrose-both provide only calories containing diet (38 subjects) as compared with a and no vitamins or minerals-fructose is metab- sucrese diet in 52 subjects, according to a paper olized differently in the body. And it is this dif- published in the journal Diabetes Care. In nor- ference that has led to the development of tab- mal man, a four-day fructose diet decreases the lets and weight reduction schemes. plaque formation by 30 per cent compared with Before it can be used by the body, sucrose an equicalorie sucrose diet, according to the pa- must be broken down into glucose and fructose. per. Source: https://www.industrydócuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ykpj0226 Shasta BEVERAGES ACONSOLIDATED FOODS COMPANYRESPONSIVE TO CONSUMER NEEDS EXECUTIVE OFFICES SHASTA'S NEW NUTRITIVE SWEETENER F RUCTOSE 5 5 HIGH FRUCTOSE CORN SWEETENER FRUCTOSE 55 IS A NEW SECOND GENERATION HIGH FRUCTOSE SYRUP. ITS HIGH SWEETNESS VALUE MAKES IT DESIRABLE AS A TOTAL REPLACEMENT FOR ORDINARY REFINED SUGAR IN ALL REGULAR SHASTA PRODUCTS. CHARACTERISTICS: APPEARANCE WATER-WHITE TASTE CLEAN SWEET RELATIVE SWEETNESS SWEETER THAN SUGAR CARBCHYDRATE COMPOSITION (DRY BASIS) FRUCTOSE - % 55 DEXTROSE (GLUCOSE) - % 42 SUGAR (SUCROSE) - % 0 HIGHER SACCHARIDES - % 3 THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS CORRECT TO THE BEST OF OUR KNOWLEDGE. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Cecil B. Lowry Vice President, Science/Technology 26901 Industrial Boulevard Hayward, California 94545 JULY, 1979 Shasta says good-bye to sugar, & 24 brintsslinall-fructose 2970 sue FOOD ENGINEERING September 1979 Diet Shass Cois Shasta has reformulated its line of regular softdrinks, totally replacing sugar with high- fructose corn syrup. The result is slightly fewer calories and a "less syrupy" taste. The company will continue to market its line of saccharin-sweetenec diet softdrinks. "syrupy" taste often associated with High-fructose corn sweeteners softdrinks-from cola to collins mix- ordinary sugar. have been playing an increasingly er-in its full line of package choices. Still another benefit to consumers, significant role in the softdrink in- says ompany-presiden Robert dustry. That role has taken a giant Why the switch? Jaunich II, is economics. Fructose step forward, recently, with an an- The move to replace ordinary re- not only costs less than ordinary re- nouncement from Shasta Beverages, fined sugar was obviously taken to fined sugar, he says, but the U.S. Inc., Hayward, Calif. ride the current wave of popularity corn market promises a continuing Shasta Beverages has introduced for fructose, as well as to offer con- stable price for fructose sweetener. a reformulated regular softdrink sumers an "alternative," says the "Therefore," says Jaunich, "sky- line-using high-fructose corn syrup company. However, the switch to rocketing softdrink prices based on (hfcs) to totally replace ordinary re- fructose also offers consumers a few inflated foreign sugar prices, such as fined sugar. This marks the first time additional incentives. those incurred in 1974, wiil no longer a major softdrink company has total- An immediate attraction, says be a threat in the future." fy eliminated the use of ordinary sug- Lowry, is that the Iructose-sweetened The switch to fructose also signals ar in its entire line of regular (non- softdrinks have a 10-12% reduction the beginning of a compiete reposi- diet type) softdrinks, says the com- in calories, which has been verified tioning for the entire company, con- pany. Shasta will continue, however, by an independent certified testing cludes Jaunich. "With the total elimi- to market its line of saccharin-sweet- laboratory. nation of ordinary sugar from our ened diet softdrinks. Also, says Lowry, the "new" regular line of products, our re- The move to fructose, explains Ce- Shasta tastes better than the "old" search and development will be ori- cil Lowry, vice-president, science Shasta. This is because the fructose ented to making products that con- and technology, includes 18 flavors sweetener complements the natural sumers feel better about drinking," of the company's regular sweetened fruit flavors, eliminating the typical he said. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ykpj0226 Calorie, Nutrient and Ingredient Content of Major National Brands of Soft Drinks Per Fluid Ounce¹ 1,2,3 (This information was prepared in December 1986 and represents values current as of this date.) Carbo- Total hydrates Sugars4 Sodium5 Potassium5 Phosphorus Caffeine Saccharin6 Aspartame6 Flavor Types Calories (grams) (grams) (mg) (mg) (mg) (mg) (mg) (mg) Regular 1) Cola or Pepper 12-14 3.1-3.4 3.1-3.4 0-2.3 0- 1.5 3.3-6.2 2.5-3.8 0 0 2) Decaffeinated Cola or Pepper 12-14 3.1-3.4 3.1-3.4 0-2.3 0- 1.5 3.3-6.2 0-0.015 0 0 3) Cherry Cola 12-13 3.0-3.3 3.0-3.3 0-1.2 0- 1.0 3.9-4.5 3.0-3.8 0 0 4) Lemon-Lime (clear) 11-13 3.0-3.5 3.0-3.5 2.5-4.6 0- 0.3 0-0.1 0 0 0 5) Orange 14-16 3.4-4.2 3.4-4.1 1.1-3.5 0- 1.4 0-5.0 0 0 0 6) Other Citrus 10-15 2.5-3.8 2.5-3.8 0.8-4.1 0-10.0 0-0.1 0-5.3 0 0 7) Root Beer 12-15 3.1-3.9 3.1-3.9 0.3-5.1 0- 1.6 0-1.6 0 0 0 8) Ginger Ale 10-12 2.6-3.0 2.6-3.0 0-2.3 0- 0.3 0-trace 0 0 0 9) Tonic Water 10-11 2.6-2.8 2.6-2.8 0-0.8 0- 0.3 0-trace 0 0 0 10) Other Regular 11-16 3.0-4.5 3.0-4.5 0-3.5 0- 2.0 0-7.8 0-3.6 0 0 11) Juice Added7 12-16 3.0-4.2 3.0-4.2 0-1.8 2.5-10.0 0-6.2 0-<0.04 0 0 Diet 1) Diet Cola or Pepper <1 0-0.1 0 0-5.2 0- 5.0 2.1-4.7 0-4.9 0-12.0 0-16.0 2) Decaffeinated Diet Cola or Pepper <1 0-0.1 0 0-6.0 0-10.0 2.1-4.7 0-0.015 0-12.0 0-16.0 3) Diet Cherry Cola <1 0-<<0.04 0-trace 0-0.6 1.5- 5.0 2.3-3.4 0-3.8 0 15.0-15.6 4) Diet Lemon-Lime <1 0-0.1 0 0-7.9 0- 6.9 0-trace 0 0- 6.7 0-16.0 5) Diet Root Beer <1 0-0.4 0 3.3-8.5 0- 1.3 0-1.6 0 0-12.0 0-17.5 6) Other Diets <3 0-1.5 0-1.5 0-8.0 0.3-10.0 0-trace 0-5.8 0-12.0 0-17.0 7) Club Soda, Seltzer, and Sparkling Water 0 0 0 0-8.1 0- 0.5 0-0.1 0 0 0 8) Diet Juice Added7 <3 0.1-0.5 0.1-0.5 0-1.8 0- 9.0 0-5.0 0-<<0.04 o 11.4-16.0 1A single serving of a soft drink consists of six tion labeling for such drinks identify the 5Sodium and potassium values do not include fluid ounces. nutrients present and their amounts. the levels contributed by water which will "These products generally contain no signifi- 3The entries in the Calories column have been vary depending on geographic location and cant amounts of protein, fat, fiber, or vita- rounded to the nearest Calorie. Two of the season. Most soft drinks are "very low" in mins. The small amounts of minerals (cal- entries under "caffeine" have been rounded to sodium (35 mg or less per serving) and some cium, iron, and magnesium) and trace ele- the nearest 0.001 mg. All other values have are "sodium free" (5 mg or less per serving). ments (copper, manganese, zinc, and fluoride) been rounded to the nearest 0.1 or 0.01 of a 6A majority of diet soft drinks are sweetened which may be naturally present will vary unit. solely with aspartame but certain others are depending on the local water supply. However, 4Regular (other than diet) soft drinks are sweetened solely with saccharin or with a some soft drinks now contain added vitamins sweetened with cane or beet sugar, high fruc- blend of saccharin and aspartame. The sweet- (C, niacin, B6, B12, biotin, pantothenic acid, tose corn syrups or blends of these sweeteners. ener(s) present in a particular soft drink can and folic acid), added calcium, and/or In the finished product these sugars result in be determined from the ingredient statement increased levels of potassium (from added a mixture of sucrose and/or fructose and glu- appearing on the soft drink container. juice). The ingredient statements and nutri- cose. 7The amount of fruit juices added varies from 10 to 25 percent. Source: :ttps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ykpj0226

Which is the new second generation high fructose syrup?

ykpj0226

ykpj0226_p7, ykpj0226_p8, ykpj0226_p9, ykpj0226_p10, ykpj0226_p11

F R U C T O S E 5 5, FRUCTOSE 55

Shasta BEVERAGES ACONSOLIDATED FOODS COMPANY . RESPONSIVE TO CONSUMER NEEDS EXECUTIVE OFFICES TABLE OF BEVERAGE COMPOSITION THE FOLLOWING NUTRITIONAL VALUES ARE TYPICAL OF SHASTA SOFT DRINKS PER 12 FLUID OUNCES NEW DIET SHASTA REGULAR SHASTA WATER (%) 99.6 87.3-91.3 CALORIES * (1) 99-172 *(1) CARBOHYDRATE: Total (GM) *(1) 27-47 *(1) Non-reducing (GM) *(1) *(2) Reducing (GM) *(1) Fiber (GM) 0.0 *(3) TRACE PROTEIN (GM) 0.0 0.0 FAT (GM) 0.0 0.0 ASH (GM) 0.0 TRACE CALCIUM (MG) 8.52-12.1 8.52-10.6 PHOSPHORUS (MG) 2.0 -55.5 TRACE-38.8 IRON (PPM) 0.2 0.2 SODIUM (MG) 44.4-67.0 6.74-55.0 POTASSIUM (MG) 7.31-17.7 1.06-9.58 STANNOUS (PPM) 8-10 0.0 MAGNESIUM (MG) 0.03-2.0 0.2-1.8 VITAMIN A (1.0.) 0.0 TRACE THIAMIN (MG) 0.0 TRACE RIBOFLAVIN (MG) 0.0 TRACE NIACIN (MG) 0.0 TRACE SACCHARIN (MG) 108.0 0.0 CAFFEINE (MG) 44.0 Cola Only 44.0 Cola Only ALL Beverages presumed to be essentially free of Cholesterol, Saturated Fatty Acid, and Unsaturated Fatty Acid. *(1) Refer to Calorie and Carbohydrate Table for values by flavor. *(2) Dashes denote lack of data for constituent believed to be present. *(3) Zero indicates that a constituent is none or too small to measure. October, 1979 lecil Science/Technology fanny Naturally Ffruit sugar* finding mew ascueptance NEWSDAY as a sucrose alternative Garden City, NJ August 29, 1979 When you bite into an apple, most of its sweetness will come from fructose, a simple su- Glucose enters the bloodstream rapidly and insu- gar that has earned the nickname fruit sugar. lin must be produced for it to be metabolized. Lately, though, you can get the sweet taste of Fructose, on the other hand, is metabolized slow- fructose in Smuckers jams, Sara Lee desserts or ly over a much longer period of time, and a Shasta soft drinks. smaller amount of insulin is required. The fruit sugar is also being used in ketchup, Because the metabolism of fructose is not as canned fruits, salad dressing, pancake syrup and dependent on insulin as that of glucose, re- ice cream as an alternative to sucrose or table searchers have looked to fructose as 8 possible sugar. Fructose is even turning up in tablets and sweetener for diabetics. However, in a special re- is being touted as the latest way to lose weight. port to the Food and Drug Administration, a sci- While a molecule of fructose is very similar entific panel concluded that there are insuffi- to a molecule of glucose-the two combine to cient data to determine if fructose or any other form sucrose-it is sweeter than both of them. carbohydrate has beneficial properties for the "Traditionally, sucrose is given a sweetness val- long-term dietary management of diabetes. The ue of 1," said Ken Beery of ADM Corn Sweeten- panel did note that the use of fructose is accepted ers. "Dextrose {another name for glucose] is by reputable European diabetologists. about 0.7, honey around 1.2 and fructose normal- According to one FDA scientist, the conclu- ly about 1.5 to 1.8." sion of the report "doesn't say there's sometning bad with the substance. We don't know what ef- Until recently, when the technology of pro- ducing the sugar from corn was improved, fruc- fect, if any, the substance may have. in the ab- tose was not widely available as a sweetener. sence of information, I'm extremely reluccant to "We start with the entire corn kernel, the same say, go ahead." A doctor and researcher in the we would be feeding to cattle or hogs," said area said, "The whole fructose story is up ic. the air. In this country, most people taking care of Beery. Part of the kernel is reprocessed for ani- diabetic patients say there is no role for fractose mal feed, and the inner hard piece or corn germ The work rieeds to be expanded." is pressed for oil, he explained. What's left is In addition to the claira that fructoce may starch that can be processed into traditional corn prove beneficial to diabetics, it is also ciaimed syrups like Karo or cornstarch like Argo. that fructose helps people stay on diets. Then This starch can also be turned into high-fruc- you consume a cookie," said Beery, your blood tose corn sweetener by using enzymes to convert sugar goes very high. Instead of dropping back the starch through glucose to fructose. "We say down to a normal range, it drops below and you it's a natural product because it is made with en- feel hungry. So you eat a piece of candy and go zymes that would be typical of the enzymes that through the cycle again. With fructose. accord- are in our body,' Beery said. ing to the theory, because you don't experience Because the U.S. corn crop is traditionally the low blood sugar level and thus the signal that abundant, high-fructose corn sweeteners can be you are hungry, you don't eat that extra candy. less expensive than sucrose, whose price fluctu- Hence, the development of fructose tablets. ates on the world market; currently one of the "Fructose does not make you lose weight, but it forms of the fructose sweetener is selling for 20 does help minimize the number of bunger pains per cent less than conventional sucrose, accord- you will get," said Bruce Samian, president of ing to Beery. Batter-Lite Foods, which developed the tablets. Shasta was originally interested in fructose The 100 calories you get from the fructose teblet because it was cheaper, but the beverage com- is minimal compared to the 600 or 700 calories pany decided to replace sucrose entirely with you would consume when your blood suga: level fructose after deciding the latter tasted better, bottoms out, he theorized. The docter and re- said Cecil Lowry of Shasta Beverages Inc. Be- searcher said, however, that he has not sent an cause fructose is sweeter than sucrose, less is excellent study to document that claim and that needed, resulting in an average 10 to 12 per cent he believes it is still a big question. reduction in calories, he added. "It also provides The claim that appears least controversial in- an alternative to ordinary sugar that a lot of volves dental caries. An extensive two-year people don't feel so good about," Lowry said. study showed that caries formation was de- While the fructose alternative is similar to creased by 25 per cent in a group with a frectose- the ordinary sucrose-both provide only calories containing diet (38 subjects) as compared with a and no vitamins or minerals-fructose is metab- sucrese diet in 52 subjects, according to a paper olized differently in the body. And it is this dif- published in the journal Diabetes Care. In nor- ference that has led to the development of tab- mal man, a four-day fructose diet decreases the lets and weight reduction schemes. plaque formation by 30 per cent compared with Before it can be used by the body, sucrose an equicalorie sucrose diet, according to the pa- must be broken down into glucose and fructose. per. Source: https://www.industrydócuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ykpj0226 Shasta BEVERAGES ACONSOLIDATED FOODS COMPANYRESPONSIVE TO CONSUMER NEEDS EXECUTIVE OFFICES SHASTA'S NEW NUTRITIVE SWEETENER F RUCTOSE 5 5 HIGH FRUCTOSE CORN SWEETENER FRUCTOSE 55 IS A NEW SECOND GENERATION HIGH FRUCTOSE SYRUP. ITS HIGH SWEETNESS VALUE MAKES IT DESIRABLE AS A TOTAL REPLACEMENT FOR ORDINARY REFINED SUGAR IN ALL REGULAR SHASTA PRODUCTS. CHARACTERISTICS: APPEARANCE WATER-WHITE TASTE CLEAN SWEET RELATIVE SWEETNESS SWEETER THAN SUGAR CARBCHYDRATE COMPOSITION (DRY BASIS) FRUCTOSE - % 55 DEXTROSE (GLUCOSE) - % 42 SUGAR (SUCROSE) - % 0 HIGHER SACCHARIDES - % 3 THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS CORRECT TO THE BEST OF OUR KNOWLEDGE. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Cecil B. Lowry Vice President, Science/Technology 26901 Industrial Boulevard Hayward, California 94545 JULY, 1979 Shasta says good-bye to sugar, & 24 brintsslinall-fructose 2970 sue FOOD ENGINEERING September 1979 Diet Shass Cois Shasta has reformulated its line of regular softdrinks, totally replacing sugar with high- fructose corn syrup. The result is slightly fewer calories and a "less syrupy" taste. The company will continue to market its line of saccharin-sweetenec diet softdrinks. "syrupy" taste often associated with High-fructose corn sweeteners softdrinks-from cola to collins mix- ordinary sugar. have been playing an increasingly er-in its full line of package choices. Still another benefit to consumers, significant role in the softdrink in- says ompany-presiden Robert dustry. That role has taken a giant Why the switch? Jaunich II, is economics. Fructose step forward, recently, with an an- The move to replace ordinary re- not only costs less than ordinary re- nouncement from Shasta Beverages, fined sugar was obviously taken to fined sugar, he says, but the U.S. Inc., Hayward, Calif. ride the current wave of popularity corn market promises a continuing Shasta Beverages has introduced for fructose, as well as to offer con- stable price for fructose sweetener. a reformulated regular softdrink sumers an "alternative," says the "Therefore," says Jaunich, "sky- line-using high-fructose corn syrup company. However, the switch to rocketing softdrink prices based on (hfcs) to totally replace ordinary re- fructose also offers consumers a few inflated foreign sugar prices, such as fined sugar. This marks the first time additional incentives. those incurred in 1974, wiil no longer a major softdrink company has total- An immediate attraction, says be a threat in the future." fy eliminated the use of ordinary sug- Lowry, is that the Iructose-sweetened The switch to fructose also signals ar in its entire line of regular (non- softdrinks have a 10-12% reduction the beginning of a compiete reposi- diet type) softdrinks, says the com- in calories, which has been verified tioning for the entire company, con- pany. Shasta will continue, however, by an independent certified testing cludes Jaunich. "With the total elimi- to market its line of saccharin-sweet- laboratory. nation of ordinary sugar from our ened diet softdrinks. Also, says Lowry, the "new" regular line of products, our re- The move to fructose, explains Ce- Shasta tastes better than the "old" search and development will be ori- cil Lowry, vice-president, science Shasta. This is because the fructose ented to making products that con- and technology, includes 18 flavors sweetener complements the natural sumers feel better about drinking," of the company's regular sweetened fruit flavors, eliminating the typical he said. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ykpj0226 Calorie, Nutrient and Ingredient Content of Major National Brands of Soft Drinks Per Fluid Ounce¹ 1,2,3 (This information was prepared in December 1986 and represents values current as of this date.) Carbo- Total hydrates Sugars4 Sodium5 Potassium5 Phosphorus Caffeine Saccharin6 Aspartame6 Flavor Types Calories (grams) (grams) (mg) (mg) (mg) (mg) (mg) (mg) Regular 1) Cola or Pepper 12-14 3.1-3.4 3.1-3.4 0-2.3 0- 1.5 3.3-6.2 2.5-3.8 0 0 2) Decaffeinated Cola or Pepper 12-14 3.1-3.4 3.1-3.4 0-2.3 0- 1.5 3.3-6.2 0-0.015 0 0 3) Cherry Cola 12-13 3.0-3.3 3.0-3.3 0-1.2 0- 1.0 3.9-4.5 3.0-3.8 0 0 4) Lemon-Lime (clear) 11-13 3.0-3.5 3.0-3.5 2.5-4.6 0- 0.3 0-0.1 0 0 0 5) Orange 14-16 3.4-4.2 3.4-4.1 1.1-3.5 0- 1.4 0-5.0 0 0 0 6) Other Citrus 10-15 2.5-3.8 2.5-3.8 0.8-4.1 0-10.0 0-0.1 0-5.3 0 0 7) Root Beer 12-15 3.1-3.9 3.1-3.9 0.3-5.1 0- 1.6 0-1.6 0 0 0 8) Ginger Ale 10-12 2.6-3.0 2.6-3.0 0-2.3 0- 0.3 0-trace 0 0 0 9) Tonic Water 10-11 2.6-2.8 2.6-2.8 0-0.8 0- 0.3 0-trace 0 0 0 10) Other Regular 11-16 3.0-4.5 3.0-4.5 0-3.5 0- 2.0 0-7.8 0-3.6 0 0 11) Juice Added7 12-16 3.0-4.2 3.0-4.2 0-1.8 2.5-10.0 0-6.2 0-<0.04 0 0 Diet 1) Diet Cola or Pepper <1 0-0.1 0 0-5.2 0- 5.0 2.1-4.7 0-4.9 0-12.0 0-16.0 2) Decaffeinated Diet Cola or Pepper <1 0-0.1 0 0-6.0 0-10.0 2.1-4.7 0-0.015 0-12.0 0-16.0 3) Diet Cherry Cola <1 0-<<0.04 0-trace 0-0.6 1.5- 5.0 2.3-3.4 0-3.8 0 15.0-15.6 4) Diet Lemon-Lime <1 0-0.1 0 0-7.9 0- 6.9 0-trace 0 0- 6.7 0-16.0 5) Diet Root Beer <1 0-0.4 0 3.3-8.5 0- 1.3 0-1.6 0 0-12.0 0-17.5 6) Other Diets <3 0-1.5 0-1.5 0-8.0 0.3-10.0 0-trace 0-5.8 0-12.0 0-17.0 7) Club Soda, Seltzer, and Sparkling Water 0 0 0 0-8.1 0- 0.5 0-0.1 0 0 0 8) Diet Juice Added7 <3 0.1-0.5 0.1-0.5 0-1.8 0- 9.0 0-5.0 0-<<0.04 o 11.4-16.0 1A single serving of a soft drink consists of six tion labeling for such drinks identify the 5Sodium and potassium values do not include fluid ounces. nutrients present and their amounts. the levels contributed by water which will "These products generally contain no signifi- 3The entries in the Calories column have been vary depending on geographic location and cant amounts of protein, fat, fiber, or vita- rounded to the nearest Calorie. Two of the season. Most soft drinks are "very low" in mins. The small amounts of minerals (cal- entries under "caffeine" have been rounded to sodium (35 mg or less per serving) and some cium, iron, and magnesium) and trace ele- the nearest 0.001 mg. All other values have are "sodium free" (5 mg or less per serving). ments (copper, manganese, zinc, and fluoride) been rounded to the nearest 0.1 or 0.01 of a 6A majority of diet soft drinks are sweetened which may be naturally present will vary unit. solely with aspartame but certain others are depending on the local water supply. However, 4Regular (other than diet) soft drinks are sweetened solely with saccharin or with a some soft drinks now contain added vitamins sweetened with cane or beet sugar, high fruc- blend of saccharin and aspartame. The sweet- (C, niacin, B6, B12, biotin, pantothenic acid, tose corn syrups or blends of these sweeteners. ener(s) present in a particular soft drink can and folic acid), added calcium, and/or In the finished product these sugars result in be determined from the ingredient statement increased levels of potassium (from added a mixture of sucrose and/or fructose and glu- appearing on the soft drink container. juice). The ingredient statements and nutri- cose. 7The amount of fruit juices added varies from 10 to 25 percent. Source: :ttps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ykpj0226

What is the date mentioned?

ykpj0226

ykpj0226_p7, ykpj0226_p8, ykpj0226_p9, ykpj0226_p10, ykpj0226_p11

JULY, 1979, July, 1979

Shasta BEVERAGES ACONSOLIDATED FOODS COMPANY . RESPONSIVE TO CONSUMER NEEDS EXECUTIVE OFFICES TABLE OF BEVERAGE COMPOSITION THE FOLLOWING NUTRITIONAL VALUES ARE TYPICAL OF SHASTA SOFT DRINKS PER 12 FLUID OUNCES NEW DIET SHASTA REGULAR SHASTA WATER (%) 99.6 87.3-91.3 CALORIES * (1) 99-172 *(1) CARBOHYDRATE: Total (GM) *(1) 27-47 *(1) Non-reducing (GM) *(1) *(2) Reducing (GM) *(1) Fiber (GM) 0.0 *(3) TRACE PROTEIN (GM) 0.0 0.0 FAT (GM) 0.0 0.0 ASH (GM) 0.0 TRACE CALCIUM (MG) 8.52-12.1 8.52-10.6 PHOSPHORUS (MG) 2.0 -55.5 TRACE-38.8 IRON (PPM) 0.2 0.2 SODIUM (MG) 44.4-67.0 6.74-55.0 POTASSIUM (MG) 7.31-17.7 1.06-9.58 STANNOUS (PPM) 8-10 0.0 MAGNESIUM (MG) 0.03-2.0 0.2-1.8 VITAMIN A (1.0.) 0.0 TRACE THIAMIN (MG) 0.0 TRACE RIBOFLAVIN (MG) 0.0 TRACE NIACIN (MG) 0.0 TRACE SACCHARIN (MG) 108.0 0.0 CAFFEINE (MG) 44.0 Cola Only 44.0 Cola Only ALL Beverages presumed to be essentially free of Cholesterol, Saturated Fatty Acid, and Unsaturated Fatty Acid. *(1) Refer to Calorie and Carbohydrate Table for values by flavor. *(2) Dashes denote lack of data for constituent believed to be present. *(3) Zero indicates that a constituent is none or too small to measure. October, 1979 lecil Science/Technology fanny Naturally Ffruit sugar* finding mew ascueptance NEWSDAY as a sucrose alternative Garden City, NJ August 29, 1979 When you bite into an apple, most of its sweetness will come from fructose, a simple su- Glucose enters the bloodstream rapidly and insu- gar that has earned the nickname fruit sugar. lin must be produced for it to be metabolized. Lately, though, you can get the sweet taste of Fructose, on the other hand, is metabolized slow- fructose in Smuckers jams, Sara Lee desserts or ly over a much longer period of time, and a Shasta soft drinks. smaller amount of insulin is required. The fruit sugar is also being used in ketchup, Because the metabolism of fructose is not as canned fruits, salad dressing, pancake syrup and dependent on insulin as that of glucose, re- ice cream as an alternative to sucrose or table searchers have looked to fructose as 8 possible sugar. Fructose is even turning up in tablets and sweetener for diabetics. However, in a special re- is being touted as the latest way to lose weight. port to the Food and Drug Administration, a sci- While a molecule of fructose is very similar entific panel concluded that there are insuffi- to a molecule of glucose-the two combine to cient data to determine if fructose or any other form sucrose-it is sweeter than both of them. carbohydrate has beneficial properties for the "Traditionally, sucrose is given a sweetness val- long-term dietary management of diabetes. The ue of 1," said Ken Beery of ADM Corn Sweeten- panel did note that the use of fructose is accepted ers. "Dextrose {another name for glucose] is by reputable European diabetologists. about 0.7, honey around 1.2 and fructose normal- According to one FDA scientist, the conclu- ly about 1.5 to 1.8." sion of the report "doesn't say there's sometning bad with the substance. We don't know what ef- Until recently, when the technology of pro- ducing the sugar from corn was improved, fruc- fect, if any, the substance may have. in the ab- tose was not widely available as a sweetener. sence of information, I'm extremely reluccant to "We start with the entire corn kernel, the same say, go ahead." A doctor and researcher in the we would be feeding to cattle or hogs," said area said, "The whole fructose story is up ic. the air. In this country, most people taking care of Beery. Part of the kernel is reprocessed for ani- diabetic patients say there is no role for fractose mal feed, and the inner hard piece or corn germ The work rieeds to be expanded." is pressed for oil, he explained. What's left is In addition to the claira that fructoce may starch that can be processed into traditional corn prove beneficial to diabetics, it is also ciaimed syrups like Karo or cornstarch like Argo. that fructose helps people stay on diets. Then This starch can also be turned into high-fruc- you consume a cookie," said Beery, your blood tose corn sweetener by using enzymes to convert sugar goes very high. Instead of dropping back the starch through glucose to fructose. "We say down to a normal range, it drops below and you it's a natural product because it is made with en- feel hungry. So you eat a piece of candy and go zymes that would be typical of the enzymes that through the cycle again. With fructose. accord- are in our body,' Beery said. ing to the theory, because you don't experience Because the U.S. corn crop is traditionally the low blood sugar level and thus the signal that abundant, high-fructose corn sweeteners can be you are hungry, you don't eat that extra candy. less expensive than sucrose, whose price fluctu- Hence, the development of fructose tablets. ates on the world market; currently one of the "Fructose does not make you lose weight, but it forms of the fructose sweetener is selling for 20 does help minimize the number of bunger pains per cent less than conventional sucrose, accord- you will get," said Bruce Samian, president of ing to Beery. Batter-Lite Foods, which developed the tablets. Shasta was originally interested in fructose The 100 calories you get from the fructose teblet because it was cheaper, but the beverage com- is minimal compared to the 600 or 700 calories pany decided to replace sucrose entirely with you would consume when your blood suga: level fructose after deciding the latter tasted better, bottoms out, he theorized. The docter and re- said Cecil Lowry of Shasta Beverages Inc. Be- searcher said, however, that he has not sent an cause fructose is sweeter than sucrose, less is excellent study to document that claim and that needed, resulting in an average 10 to 12 per cent he believes it is still a big question. reduction in calories, he added. "It also provides The claim that appears least controversial in- an alternative to ordinary sugar that a lot of volves dental caries. An extensive two-year people don't feel so good about," Lowry said. study showed that caries formation was de- While the fructose alternative is similar to creased by 25 per cent in a group with a frectose- the ordinary sucrose-both provide only calories containing diet (38 subjects) as compared with a and no vitamins or minerals-fructose is metab- sucrese diet in 52 subjects, according to a paper olized differently in the body. And it is this dif- published in the journal Diabetes Care. In nor- ference that has led to the development of tab- mal man, a four-day fructose diet decreases the lets and weight reduction schemes. plaque formation by 30 per cent compared with Before it can be used by the body, sucrose an equicalorie sucrose diet, according to the pa- must be broken down into glucose and fructose. per. Source: https://www.industrydócuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ykpj0226 Shasta BEVERAGES ACONSOLIDATED FOODS COMPANYRESPONSIVE TO CONSUMER NEEDS EXECUTIVE OFFICES SHASTA'S NEW NUTRITIVE SWEETENER F RUCTOSE 5 5 HIGH FRUCTOSE CORN SWEETENER FRUCTOSE 55 IS A NEW SECOND GENERATION HIGH FRUCTOSE SYRUP. ITS HIGH SWEETNESS VALUE MAKES IT DESIRABLE AS A TOTAL REPLACEMENT FOR ORDINARY REFINED SUGAR IN ALL REGULAR SHASTA PRODUCTS. CHARACTERISTICS: APPEARANCE WATER-WHITE TASTE CLEAN SWEET RELATIVE SWEETNESS SWEETER THAN SUGAR CARBCHYDRATE COMPOSITION (DRY BASIS) FRUCTOSE - % 55 DEXTROSE (GLUCOSE) - % 42 SUGAR (SUCROSE) - % 0 HIGHER SACCHARIDES - % 3 THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS CORRECT TO THE BEST OF OUR KNOWLEDGE. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Cecil B. Lowry Vice President, Science/Technology 26901 Industrial Boulevard Hayward, California 94545 JULY, 1979 Shasta says good-bye to sugar, & 24 brintsslinall-fructose 2970 sue FOOD ENGINEERING September 1979 Diet Shass Cois Shasta has reformulated its line of regular softdrinks, totally replacing sugar with high- fructose corn syrup. The result is slightly fewer calories and a "less syrupy" taste. The company will continue to market its line of saccharin-sweetenec diet softdrinks. "syrupy" taste often associated with High-fructose corn sweeteners softdrinks-from cola to collins mix- ordinary sugar. have been playing an increasingly er-in its full line of package choices. Still another benefit to consumers, significant role in the softdrink in- says ompany-presiden Robert dustry. That role has taken a giant Why the switch? Jaunich II, is economics. Fructose step forward, recently, with an an- The move to replace ordinary re- not only costs less than ordinary re- nouncement from Shasta Beverages, fined sugar was obviously taken to fined sugar, he says, but the U.S. Inc., Hayward, Calif. ride the current wave of popularity corn market promises a continuing Shasta Beverages has introduced for fructose, as well as to offer con- stable price for fructose sweetener. a reformulated regular softdrink sumers an "alternative," says the "Therefore," says Jaunich, "sky- line-using high-fructose corn syrup company. However, the switch to rocketing softdrink prices based on (hfcs) to totally replace ordinary re- fructose also offers consumers a few inflated foreign sugar prices, such as fined sugar. This marks the first time additional incentives. those incurred in 1974, wiil no longer a major softdrink company has total- An immediate attraction, says be a threat in the future." fy eliminated the use of ordinary sug- Lowry, is that the Iructose-sweetened The switch to fructose also signals ar in its entire line of regular (non- softdrinks have a 10-12% reduction the beginning of a compiete reposi- diet type) softdrinks, says the com- in calories, which has been verified tioning for the entire company, con- pany. Shasta will continue, however, by an independent certified testing cludes Jaunich. "With the total elimi- to market its line of saccharin-sweet- laboratory. nation of ordinary sugar from our ened diet softdrinks. Also, says Lowry, the "new" regular line of products, our re- The move to fructose, explains Ce- Shasta tastes better than the "old" search and development will be ori- cil Lowry, vice-president, science Shasta. This is because the fructose ented to making products that con- and technology, includes 18 flavors sweetener complements the natural sumers feel better about drinking," of the company's regular sweetened fruit flavors, eliminating the typical he said. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ykpj0226 Calorie, Nutrient and Ingredient Content of Major National Brands of Soft Drinks Per Fluid Ounce¹ 1,2,3 (This information was prepared in December 1986 and represents values current as of this date.) Carbo- Total hydrates Sugars4 Sodium5 Potassium5 Phosphorus Caffeine Saccharin6 Aspartame6 Flavor Types Calories (grams) (grams) (mg) (mg) (mg) (mg) (mg) (mg) Regular 1) Cola or Pepper 12-14 3.1-3.4 3.1-3.4 0-2.3 0- 1.5 3.3-6.2 2.5-3.8 0 0 2) Decaffeinated Cola or Pepper 12-14 3.1-3.4 3.1-3.4 0-2.3 0- 1.5 3.3-6.2 0-0.015 0 0 3) Cherry Cola 12-13 3.0-3.3 3.0-3.3 0-1.2 0- 1.0 3.9-4.5 3.0-3.8 0 0 4) Lemon-Lime (clear) 11-13 3.0-3.5 3.0-3.5 2.5-4.6 0- 0.3 0-0.1 0 0 0 5) Orange 14-16 3.4-4.2 3.4-4.1 1.1-3.5 0- 1.4 0-5.0 0 0 0 6) Other Citrus 10-15 2.5-3.8 2.5-3.8 0.8-4.1 0-10.0 0-0.1 0-5.3 0 0 7) Root Beer 12-15 3.1-3.9 3.1-3.9 0.3-5.1 0- 1.6 0-1.6 0 0 0 8) Ginger Ale 10-12 2.6-3.0 2.6-3.0 0-2.3 0- 0.3 0-trace 0 0 0 9) Tonic Water 10-11 2.6-2.8 2.6-2.8 0-0.8 0- 0.3 0-trace 0 0 0 10) Other Regular 11-16 3.0-4.5 3.0-4.5 0-3.5 0- 2.0 0-7.8 0-3.6 0 0 11) Juice Added7 12-16 3.0-4.2 3.0-4.2 0-1.8 2.5-10.0 0-6.2 0-<0.04 0 0 Diet 1) Diet Cola or Pepper <1 0-0.1 0 0-5.2 0- 5.0 2.1-4.7 0-4.9 0-12.0 0-16.0 2) Decaffeinated Diet Cola or Pepper <1 0-0.1 0 0-6.0 0-10.0 2.1-4.7 0-0.015 0-12.0 0-16.0 3) Diet Cherry Cola <1 0-<<0.04 0-trace 0-0.6 1.5- 5.0 2.3-3.4 0-3.8 0 15.0-15.6 4) Diet Lemon-Lime <1 0-0.1 0 0-7.9 0- 6.9 0-trace 0 0- 6.7 0-16.0 5) Diet Root Beer <1 0-0.4 0 3.3-8.5 0- 1.3 0-1.6 0 0-12.0 0-17.5 6) Other Diets <3 0-1.5 0-1.5 0-8.0 0.3-10.0 0-trace 0-5.8 0-12.0 0-17.0 7) Club Soda, Seltzer, and Sparkling Water 0 0 0 0-8.1 0- 0.5 0-0.1 0 0 0 8) Diet Juice Added7 <3 0.1-0.5 0.1-0.5 0-1.8 0- 9.0 0-5.0 0-<<0.04 o 11.4-16.0 1A single serving of a soft drink consists of six tion labeling for such drinks identify the 5Sodium and potassium values do not include fluid ounces. nutrients present and their amounts. the levels contributed by water which will "These products generally contain no signifi- 3The entries in the Calories column have been vary depending on geographic location and cant amounts of protein, fat, fiber, or vita- rounded to the nearest Calorie. Two of the season. Most soft drinks are "very low" in mins. The small amounts of minerals (cal- entries under "caffeine" have been rounded to sodium (35 mg or less per serving) and some cium, iron, and magnesium) and trace ele- the nearest 0.001 mg. All other values have are "sodium free" (5 mg or less per serving). ments (copper, manganese, zinc, and fluoride) been rounded to the nearest 0.1 or 0.01 of a 6A majority of diet soft drinks are sweetened which may be naturally present will vary unit. solely with aspartame but certain others are depending on the local water supply. However, 4Regular (other than diet) soft drinks are sweetened solely with saccharin or with a some soft drinks now contain added vitamins sweetened with cane or beet sugar, high fruc- blend of saccharin and aspartame. The sweet- (C, niacin, B6, B12, biotin, pantothenic acid, tose corn syrups or blends of these sweeteners. ener(s) present in a particular soft drink can and folic acid), added calcium, and/or In the finished product these sugars result in be determined from the ingredient statement increased levels of potassium (from added a mixture of sucrose and/or fructose and glu- appearing on the soft drink container. juice). The ingredient statements and nutri- cose. 7The amount of fruit juices added varies from 10 to 25 percent. Source: :ttps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ykpj0226

What is the DEXTROSE (GLUCOSE) level?

ykpj0226

ykpj0226_p7, ykpj0226_p8, ykpj0226_p9, ykpj0226_p10, ykpj0226_p11

42, 42%

Shasta BEVERAGES ACONSOLIDATED FOODS COMPANY . RESPONSIVE TO CONSUMER NEEDS EXECUTIVE OFFICES TABLE OF BEVERAGE COMPOSITION THE FOLLOWING NUTRITIONAL VALUES ARE TYPICAL OF SHASTA SOFT DRINKS PER 12 FLUID OUNCES NEW DIET SHASTA REGULAR SHASTA WATER (%) 99.6 87.3-91.3 CALORIES * (1) 99-172 *(1) CARBOHYDRATE: Total (GM) *(1) 27-47 *(1) Non-reducing (GM) *(1) *(2) Reducing (GM) *(1) Fiber (GM) 0.0 *(3) TRACE PROTEIN (GM) 0.0 0.0 FAT (GM) 0.0 0.0 ASH (GM) 0.0 TRACE CALCIUM (MG) 8.52-12.1 8.52-10.6 PHOSPHORUS (MG) 2.0 -55.5 TRACE-38.8 IRON (PPM) 0.2 0.2 SODIUM (MG) 44.4-67.0 6.74-55.0 POTASSIUM (MG) 7.31-17.7 1.06-9.58 STANNOUS (PPM) 8-10 0.0 MAGNESIUM (MG) 0.03-2.0 0.2-1.8 VITAMIN A (1.0.) 0.0 TRACE THIAMIN (MG) 0.0 TRACE RIBOFLAVIN (MG) 0.0 TRACE NIACIN (MG) 0.0 TRACE SACCHARIN (MG) 108.0 0.0 CAFFEINE (MG) 44.0 Cola Only 44.0 Cola Only ALL Beverages presumed to be essentially free of Cholesterol, Saturated Fatty Acid, and Unsaturated Fatty Acid. *(1) Refer to Calorie and Carbohydrate Table for values by flavor. *(2) Dashes denote lack of data for constituent believed to be present. *(3) Zero indicates that a constituent is none or too small to measure. October, 1979 lecil Science/Technology fanny Naturally Ffruit sugar* finding mew ascueptance NEWSDAY as a sucrose alternative Garden City, NJ August 29, 1979 When you bite into an apple, most of its sweetness will come from fructose, a simple su- Glucose enters the bloodstream rapidly and insu- gar that has earned the nickname fruit sugar. lin must be produced for it to be metabolized. Lately, though, you can get the sweet taste of Fructose, on the other hand, is metabolized slow- fructose in Smuckers jams, Sara Lee desserts or ly over a much longer period of time, and a Shasta soft drinks. smaller amount of insulin is required. The fruit sugar is also being used in ketchup, Because the metabolism of fructose is not as canned fruits, salad dressing, pancake syrup and dependent on insulin as that of glucose, re- ice cream as an alternative to sucrose or table searchers have looked to fructose as 8 possible sugar. Fructose is even turning up in tablets and sweetener for diabetics. However, in a special re- is being touted as the latest way to lose weight. port to the Food and Drug Administration, a sci- While a molecule of fructose is very similar entific panel concluded that there are insuffi- to a molecule of glucose-the two combine to cient data to determine if fructose or any other form sucrose-it is sweeter than both of them. carbohydrate has beneficial properties for the "Traditionally, sucrose is given a sweetness val- long-term dietary management of diabetes. The ue of 1," said Ken Beery of ADM Corn Sweeten- panel did note that the use of fructose is accepted ers. "Dextrose {another name for glucose] is by reputable European diabetologists. about 0.7, honey around 1.2 and fructose normal- According to one FDA scientist, the conclu- ly about 1.5 to 1.8." sion of the report "doesn't say there's sometning bad with the substance. We don't know what ef- Until recently, when the technology of pro- ducing the sugar from corn was improved, fruc- fect, if any, the substance may have. in the ab- tose was not widely available as a sweetener. sence of information, I'm extremely reluccant to "We start with the entire corn kernel, the same say, go ahead." A doctor and researcher in the we would be feeding to cattle or hogs," said area said, "The whole fructose story is up ic. the air. In this country, most people taking care of Beery. Part of the kernel is reprocessed for ani- diabetic patients say there is no role for fractose mal feed, and the inner hard piece or corn germ The work rieeds to be expanded." is pressed for oil, he explained. What's left is In addition to the claira that fructoce may starch that can be processed into traditional corn prove beneficial to diabetics, it is also ciaimed syrups like Karo or cornstarch like Argo. that fructose helps people stay on diets. Then This starch can also be turned into high-fruc- you consume a cookie," said Beery, your blood tose corn sweetener by using enzymes to convert sugar goes very high. Instead of dropping back the starch through glucose to fructose. "We say down to a normal range, it drops below and you it's a natural product because it is made with en- feel hungry. So you eat a piece of candy and go zymes that would be typical of the enzymes that through the cycle again. With fructose. accord- are in our body,' Beery said. ing to the theory, because you don't experience Because the U.S. corn crop is traditionally the low blood sugar level and thus the signal that abundant, high-fructose corn sweeteners can be you are hungry, you don't eat that extra candy. less expensive than sucrose, whose price fluctu- Hence, the development of fructose tablets. ates on the world market; currently one of the "Fructose does not make you lose weight, but it forms of the fructose sweetener is selling for 20 does help minimize the number of bunger pains per cent less than conventional sucrose, accord- you will get," said Bruce Samian, president of ing to Beery. Batter-Lite Foods, which developed the tablets. Shasta was originally interested in fructose The 100 calories you get from the fructose teblet because it was cheaper, but the beverage com- is minimal compared to the 600 or 700 calories pany decided to replace sucrose entirely with you would consume when your blood suga: level fructose after deciding the latter tasted better, bottoms out, he theorized. The docter and re- said Cecil Lowry of Shasta Beverages Inc. Be- searcher said, however, that he has not sent an cause fructose is sweeter than sucrose, less is excellent study to document that claim and that needed, resulting in an average 10 to 12 per cent he believes it is still a big question. reduction in calories, he added. "It also provides The claim that appears least controversial in- an alternative to ordinary sugar that a lot of volves dental caries. An extensive two-year people don't feel so good about," Lowry said. study showed that caries formation was de- While the fructose alternative is similar to creased by 25 per cent in a group with a frectose- the ordinary sucrose-both provide only calories containing diet (38 subjects) as compared with a and no vitamins or minerals-fructose is metab- sucrese diet in 52 subjects, according to a paper olized differently in the body. And it is this dif- published in the journal Diabetes Care. In nor- ference that has led to the development of tab- mal man, a four-day fructose diet decreases the lets and weight reduction schemes. plaque formation by 30 per cent compared with Before it can be used by the body, sucrose an equicalorie sucrose diet, according to the pa- must be broken down into glucose and fructose. per. Source: https://www.industrydócuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ykpj0226 Shasta BEVERAGES ACONSOLIDATED FOODS COMPANYRESPONSIVE TO CONSUMER NEEDS EXECUTIVE OFFICES SHASTA'S NEW NUTRITIVE SWEETENER F RUCTOSE 5 5 HIGH FRUCTOSE CORN SWEETENER FRUCTOSE 55 IS A NEW SECOND GENERATION HIGH FRUCTOSE SYRUP. ITS HIGH SWEETNESS VALUE MAKES IT DESIRABLE AS A TOTAL REPLACEMENT FOR ORDINARY REFINED SUGAR IN ALL REGULAR SHASTA PRODUCTS. CHARACTERISTICS: APPEARANCE WATER-WHITE TASTE CLEAN SWEET RELATIVE SWEETNESS SWEETER THAN SUGAR CARBCHYDRATE COMPOSITION (DRY BASIS) FRUCTOSE - % 55 DEXTROSE (GLUCOSE) - % 42 SUGAR (SUCROSE) - % 0 HIGHER SACCHARIDES - % 3 THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS CORRECT TO THE BEST OF OUR KNOWLEDGE. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Cecil B. Lowry Vice President, Science/Technology 26901 Industrial Boulevard Hayward, California 94545 JULY, 1979 Shasta says good-bye to sugar, & 24 brintsslinall-fructose 2970 sue FOOD ENGINEERING September 1979 Diet Shass Cois Shasta has reformulated its line of regular softdrinks, totally replacing sugar with high- fructose corn syrup. The result is slightly fewer calories and a "less syrupy" taste. The company will continue to market its line of saccharin-sweetenec diet softdrinks. "syrupy" taste often associated with High-fructose corn sweeteners softdrinks-from cola to collins mix- ordinary sugar. have been playing an increasingly er-in its full line of package choices. Still another benefit to consumers, significant role in the softdrink in- says ompany-presiden Robert dustry. That role has taken a giant Why the switch? Jaunich II, is economics. Fructose step forward, recently, with an an- The move to replace ordinary re- not only costs less than ordinary re- nouncement from Shasta Beverages, fined sugar was obviously taken to fined sugar, he says, but the U.S. Inc., Hayward, Calif. ride the current wave of popularity corn market promises a continuing Shasta Beverages has introduced for fructose, as well as to offer con- stable price for fructose sweetener. a reformulated regular softdrink sumers an "alternative," says the "Therefore," says Jaunich, "sky- line-using high-fructose corn syrup company. However, the switch to rocketing softdrink prices based on (hfcs) to totally replace ordinary re- fructose also offers consumers a few inflated foreign sugar prices, such as fined sugar. This marks the first time additional incentives. those incurred in 1974, wiil no longer a major softdrink company has total- An immediate attraction, says be a threat in the future." fy eliminated the use of ordinary sug- Lowry, is that the Iructose-sweetened The switch to fructose also signals ar in its entire line of regular (non- softdrinks have a 10-12% reduction the beginning of a compiete reposi- diet type) softdrinks, says the com- in calories, which has been verified tioning for the entire company, con- pany. Shasta will continue, however, by an independent certified testing cludes Jaunich. "With the total elimi- to market its line of saccharin-sweet- laboratory. nation of ordinary sugar from our ened diet softdrinks. Also, says Lowry, the "new" regular line of products, our re- The move to fructose, explains Ce- Shasta tastes better than the "old" search and development will be ori- cil Lowry, vice-president, science Shasta. This is because the fructose ented to making products that con- and technology, includes 18 flavors sweetener complements the natural sumers feel better about drinking," of the company's regular sweetened fruit flavors, eliminating the typical he said. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ykpj0226 Calorie, Nutrient and Ingredient Content of Major National Brands of Soft Drinks Per Fluid Ounce¹ 1,2,3 (This information was prepared in December 1986 and represents values current as of this date.) Carbo- Total hydrates Sugars4 Sodium5 Potassium5 Phosphorus Caffeine Saccharin6 Aspartame6 Flavor Types Calories (grams) (grams) (mg) (mg) (mg) (mg) (mg) (mg) Regular 1) Cola or Pepper 12-14 3.1-3.4 3.1-3.4 0-2.3 0- 1.5 3.3-6.2 2.5-3.8 0 0 2) Decaffeinated Cola or Pepper 12-14 3.1-3.4 3.1-3.4 0-2.3 0- 1.5 3.3-6.2 0-0.015 0 0 3) Cherry Cola 12-13 3.0-3.3 3.0-3.3 0-1.2 0- 1.0 3.9-4.5 3.0-3.8 0 0 4) Lemon-Lime (clear) 11-13 3.0-3.5 3.0-3.5 2.5-4.6 0- 0.3 0-0.1 0 0 0 5) Orange 14-16 3.4-4.2 3.4-4.1 1.1-3.5 0- 1.4 0-5.0 0 0 0 6) Other Citrus 10-15 2.5-3.8 2.5-3.8 0.8-4.1 0-10.0 0-0.1 0-5.3 0 0 7) Root Beer 12-15 3.1-3.9 3.1-3.9 0.3-5.1 0- 1.6 0-1.6 0 0 0 8) Ginger Ale 10-12 2.6-3.0 2.6-3.0 0-2.3 0- 0.3 0-trace 0 0 0 9) Tonic Water 10-11 2.6-2.8 2.6-2.8 0-0.8 0- 0.3 0-trace 0 0 0 10) Other Regular 11-16 3.0-4.5 3.0-4.5 0-3.5 0- 2.0 0-7.8 0-3.6 0 0 11) Juice Added7 12-16 3.0-4.2 3.0-4.2 0-1.8 2.5-10.0 0-6.2 0-<0.04 0 0 Diet 1) Diet Cola or Pepper <1 0-0.1 0 0-5.2 0- 5.0 2.1-4.7 0-4.9 0-12.0 0-16.0 2) Decaffeinated Diet Cola or Pepper <1 0-0.1 0 0-6.0 0-10.0 2.1-4.7 0-0.015 0-12.0 0-16.0 3) Diet Cherry Cola <1 0-<<0.04 0-trace 0-0.6 1.5- 5.0 2.3-3.4 0-3.8 0 15.0-15.6 4) Diet Lemon-Lime <1 0-0.1 0 0-7.9 0- 6.9 0-trace 0 0- 6.7 0-16.0 5) Diet Root Beer <1 0-0.4 0 3.3-8.5 0- 1.3 0-1.6 0 0-12.0 0-17.5 6) Other Diets <3 0-1.5 0-1.5 0-8.0 0.3-10.0 0-trace 0-5.8 0-12.0 0-17.0 7) Club Soda, Seltzer, and Sparkling Water 0 0 0 0-8.1 0- 0.5 0-0.1 0 0 0 8) Diet Juice Added7 <3 0.1-0.5 0.1-0.5 0-1.8 0- 9.0 0-5.0 0-<<0.04 o 11.4-16.0 1A single serving of a soft drink consists of six tion labeling for such drinks identify the 5Sodium and potassium values do not include fluid ounces. nutrients present and their amounts. the levels contributed by water which will "These products generally contain no signifi- 3The entries in the Calories column have been vary depending on geographic location and cant amounts of protein, fat, fiber, or vita- rounded to the nearest Calorie. Two of the season. Most soft drinks are "very low" in mins. The small amounts of minerals (cal- entries under "caffeine" have been rounded to sodium (35 mg or less per serving) and some cium, iron, and magnesium) and trace ele- the nearest 0.001 mg. All other values have are "sodium free" (5 mg or less per serving). ments (copper, manganese, zinc, and fluoride) been rounded to the nearest 0.1 or 0.01 of a 6A majority of diet soft drinks are sweetened which may be naturally present will vary unit. solely with aspartame but certain others are depending on the local water supply. However, 4Regular (other than diet) soft drinks are sweetened solely with saccharin or with a some soft drinks now contain added vitamins sweetened with cane or beet sugar, high fruc- blend of saccharin and aspartame. The sweet- (C, niacin, B6, B12, biotin, pantothenic acid, tose corn syrups or blends of these sweeteners. ener(s) present in a particular soft drink can and folic acid), added calcium, and/or In the finished product these sugars result in be determined from the ingredient statement increased levels of potassium (from added a mixture of sucrose and/or fructose and glu- appearing on the soft drink container. juice). The ingredient statements and nutri- cose. 7The amount of fruit juices added varies from 10 to 25 percent. Source: :ttps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ykpj0226

Coca-Cola targeted how many Connecticut legislative proposals for taxes on beverages?

nxpj0226

nxpj0226_p0, nxpj0226_p1, nxpj0226_p2, nxpj0226_p3

two

10/19/2016 Hacked emails show how Coca-Cola fights the soda tax at local and global levels - MarketWatch MarketWatch Hacked emailssshow how Coca-Cola fights the soda tax at local and global levels By Emma Court Published: Oct 19, 2016 7:34 a.m. ET Coke vs. Pepsi: Big Soda played good cop/bad cop this week Rival beverage companies and iconic soft drinks brands Coca-Cola Co. and PepsiCo Inc. would seem to be playing good cop/bad cop this week. r Leaked internal Coca-Cola KO, -0.06% emails released by I1 anonymous hacker website D.C. Leaks show the company's apparent effort to fight local soda tax proposals and shape media coverage on the issue. Getty Images Days later, PepsiCo announced a goal for reducing added Leaked internal Coca-Cola emails largely show the sugar, salt and saturated fat in a majority of its products by company's opposition to soda taxes across the world. 2025. The public/private strategies may seem disparate, positioning the two companies at opposite spectrums of corporate responsibility. But they actually align neatly with the beverage industry's longtime strategy, undergirded by its preference for choosing how to regulate itself rather than being regulated. How aggressively companies work to thwart public health measures, especially those intended to decrease purchases of sugary beverages, especially as a substitute for other ways to hydrate, should surprise no one, especially in the case of these specific companies, experts say. "In some respects, what's surprising is that there's not anything surprising," said Jim O'Hara, director of health promotion policy at the Center for Science in the Public Interest.) "What I think nobody understands is the level of manipulation the companies that make these products engage in, and that's why I think these [Coca-Cola] revelations are so important," said Marion Nestle, a New York University professor and author of "Soda Politics: Taking on Big Soda (and Winning)." Topics discussed in the leaked emails, including lobbying efforts and attempts to manipulate dietary guidelines and the news media, "aren't usually talked about in public," Nestle said. "But they're certainly talked about in private." See: Soda consumption falls in Berkeley after sugar tax When asked by MarketWatch about the accuracy of the leaked emails, Coca-Cola said it "cannot confirm or deny." Coca-Cola believes that "calorie reduction initiatives are more effective than discriminatory taxes," and that "we strongly believe we can implement more effective solutions against obesity," it told MarketWatch. Industry group The American Beverage Association was even more forthright. "Of course we would stand up and oppose discriminatory taxes and policies that single out our products," said the ABA's Kevin Keane. "Our companies know we have a role to play in combating obesity, and we're taking http://www.marketwatch.com/story/hacked-emails-show-how-coca-cola-fights-the-soda-tax-at-local-and-global-levels-2016-10-18 1/4 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/nxpj0226 10/19/2016 Hacked emails show how Coca-Cola fights the soda tax at local and global levels - MarketWatch unprecedented action to reduce calories and sugar from beverages in the American diet - particularly in areas with the highest rates of obesity in the country." Related: 10 things Coke, Pepsi and the soda industry won't say PepsiCo's 2025 goals, announced Monday, do move the needle forward. It plans to have two-thirds of its global beverage volume contain 100 or less calories from added sugar per serving - a standard that less than 40% of its current volume meets - along with goals for saturated fat and sodium. Read: PepsiCo sets goal to reduce sugar and saturated fat in its products by 2025 PepsiCo, some analysts say, has been the beverage giant already setting the nutritional standard in its industry. Gatorade, one of the company's more popular products, already has 100 or less calories from added sugar per serving, Nestle noted. CSPI president Michael Jacobson offered PepsiCo a "kudos" for setting specific nutritional goals, and saying he (hoped others would follow its example.) Coca-Cola referred MarketWatch to its partnerships with various health initiatives and ongoing efforts to reformulate drinks and make them smaller. But these companies still have a responsibility for the global obesity and diabetics epidemics, O'Hara said.) Soda is sugar water. It's water with sugar. And there is no good excuse for that being the default beverage, and) (that's what industry has done over the last several decades," he said. "That has had very bad health consequences) (for the nation and the globe.") Read excerpts from the leaked Coca-Cola emails below. On unfriendly dietary guidelines and a coverage 'balance': A report for the 2015 Dietary Guidelines, which included measures to decrease sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, "far exceed the scope" of the advisory committee's role, said an alleged email written by Katherine Loatman, the executive director of industry group International Council of Beverages Associations, and forwarded to Coca Cola executives. (Some of those measures, including removing full-calorie drinks from U.S. schools, Coca-Cola told MarketWatch it has completed). "In terms of process, there is an opportunity for review and modification from the U.S. federal government before the Guidelines are finalized. However, we should be prepared for this report to be cited frequently by activists, and work together to balance coverage," the email said. On fighting soda taxes: Coca-Cola targeted two Connecticut legislative proposals for taxes on sugary beverages, along with a West Virginia bill, according to the leaked emails. "We are working with coalition partners to ensure the [Connecticut] bills do not advance," reads an alleged February 2016 email from Jennifer Lemming, a member of the company's Government Relations team. Moreover, "coalition-building work is underway in the California cities of San Francisco, Richmond, Oakland and Watsonville in preparation for potential beverage tax ballot measures in June or November 2016," the email continues. tp://www.marketwatch.com/story/hacked-emails-show-how-coca-cola-fights-the-soda-tax-at-local-a 2/4 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/nxpj0226 10/19/2016 Hacked emails show how Coca-Cola fights the soda tax at local and global levels - MarketWatch Another email describes Lemming's team as "committed to effectively managing the national, state and local public policy issues and strengthening our social license to operate so that our business can grow." See: Americans should sharply limit sugar intake On shaping media coverage: An AP reporter's story about Coca-Cola's relationship with health experts is expected to "have a cynical, negative perspective about how companies, including Coca-Cola, pay experts to promote their brands in a positive or "healthy' way to consumers," one alleged March 2015 email written by then-Coca-Cola spokesman Ben Sheidler says. "Despite our efforts to dissuade Candice from writing this story, she and her editors have decided to move forward anyway," he said. "We have reached out to the AP's editors to formally register our concerns about the story. A phone call is scheduled for later this afternoon with Candice Choi and her editor. We will continue to urge them not to run with the story." Another series of emails explain how the company dealt with a Wired reporter's questions about the company's sugar strategy in the face of soda-tax proposals. The story had "a pessimistic tone," the email read. "We will be reaching out to this reporter to better understand her decision not to include our perspective, and to build her brain around our strategy." On help from its "friends': One internal email discussed a Washington Post event about taxes on soda, salt and sugar. Speakers included Sen. Debbie Stabenow (D-Ml.), Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand (D-NY) and Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsack - "all of which are friends of The Coca Cola Company. "We will monitor the event and report on the event," allegedly wrote Ryan Guthrie, whose Linkedln profile indicates he is still at Coca-Cola, as a public affairs professional. Read: Is Diet Pepsi with sucralose healthier than aspartame? On a "worrying' soda tax proposal in France: Though a soda-tax proposal in France seemed to have little political momentum, "we are not taking it lightly," wrote Salvatore Gabola, who is now deceased, in an internal email with the subject line, "ALERT - SODA TAX AMENDMENT IN FRANCE - LOW RISK, YET WORRYING." Coordination included partnering with a soft drinks association, ensuring "key government contacts maintain opposition to the amendment" and reaching out to party members and local "supportive stakeholders," according to the alleged email. "We believe we have all it takes to avoid this yet again," the spring 2015 email states. "It is however a worrying confirmation that there is relentless pressure on our category and politicians are starting to use unorthodox legislative processes (i.e. outside the normal budget bills) to discriminate against us." On improving Coca-Cola's perception: A calorie reduction initiative in the Netherlands - aimed at a goal of 10% fewer calories in drink products by 2020 - is "a key element in our strategy to fight discriminatory legislation and to improve category perception by taking the lead on innovation, choice, transparency and balanced lifestyles," an alleged June 2015 email states. http://www.marketwatch.com/story/hacked-emails-show-how-coca-cola-fights-the-soda-tax-at-local-and-global-levels-2016-10-18/pr 3/4 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/nxpj0226 10/19/2016 Hacked emails show how Coca-Cola fights the soda tax at local and global levels - MarketWatch More from MarketWatch Did Trump 'Stop the Bleeding' With Debate Performance? Here's how much Apple may profit from Samsung's exploding phone disaster Trump 'Regrets' Crude Words He Spoke About Women in 2005 MarketWatch Copyright ©2016 MarketWatch, Inc. All rights reserved. By using this site you agree to the Terms of Service, Privacy Policy, and Cookie Policy. Intraday Data provided by SIX Financial Information and subject to terms of use. Historical and current end-of-day data provided by SIX Financial Information. Intraday data delayed per exchange requirements. S&P/Dow Jones Indices (SM) from Dow Jones & Company, Inc. All quotes are in local exchange time. Real time last sale data provided by NASDAQ. More information on NASDAQ traded symbols and their current financial status. Intraday data delayed 15 minutes for Nasdaq. and 20 minutes for other exchanges S&P/Dow Jones Indices (SM) from Dow Jones & Company, Inc. SEHK intraday data is provided by SIX Financial Information and is at least 60-minutes delayed. All quotes are in local exchange time. ttp://www.marketwatch.com/story/hacked-emails-show-how-coca-cola-fights-the-soda-tax-at-local-and-global-levels-2016-10-18/print 4/4 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/nxpj0226

What is the Commission File No.?

kxpj0226

kxpj0226_p0, kxpj0226_p1, kxpj0226_p2, kxpj0226_p3, kxpj0226_p4, kxpj0226_p5, kxpj0226_p6, kxpj0226_p7, kxpj0226_p8, kxpj0226_p9, kxpj0226_p10

001-02217, Commission File No. 001-02217

COCA - COLA , F UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011 OR TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to Commission File No. 001-02217 The CocaCola Company (Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter) DELAWARE 58-0628465 (State or other jurisdiction of (IRS Employer incorporation or organization) Identification No.) One Coca-Cola Plaza Atlanta, Georgia 30313 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (404) 676-2121 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Name of each exchange on which registered COMMON STOCK, $0.25 PAR VALUE NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes No Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes No Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes No Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes No Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): Large accelerated filer Accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer Smaller reporting company (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes No The aggregate market value of the common equity held by non-affiliates of the Registrant (assuming for these purposes, but without conceding, that all executive officers and Directors are "affiliates" of the Registrant) as of July 1, 2011, the last business day of the Registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was $148,385,503,727 (based on the closing sale price of the Registrant's Common Stock on that date as reported on the New York Stock Exchange). The number of shares outstanding of the Registrant's Common Stock as of February 20, 2012, was 2,263,204,221. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Portions of the Company's Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareowners to be held on April 25, 2012, are incorporated by reference in Part III. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/kxpj0226 Impact of New Accounting Guidance Beginning January 1, 2010, we deconsolidated certain entities as a result of the Company's adoption of new accounting guidance issued by the FASB. These entities are primarily bottling operations, and the Company accounted for them under the equity method of accounting upon deconsolidation. The entities that were deconsolidated as a result of this change in accounting guidance accounted for 3 percent of the Company's consolidated net operating revenues and less than 1 percent of net income attributable to shareowners of The Coca-Cola Company in 2009. Refer to the heading "Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates - Principles of Consolidation" above. These entities accounted for 4 percent of the Company's equity income in 2010. Refer to the heading "Equity Income (Loss) - Net" below. The impact that the deconsolidation of these entities had on net operating revenues was included as a structural change. Refer to the heading "Net Operating Revenues" below. Beverage Volume We measure the volume of Company beverage products sold in two ways: (1) unit cases of finished products and (2) concentrate sales. As used in this report, "unit case" means a unit of measurement equal to 192 U.S. fluid ounces of finished beverage (24 eight-ounce servings); and "unit case volume" means the number of unit cases (or unit case equivalents) of Company beverage products directly or indirectly sold by the Company and its bottling partners to customers. Unit case volume primarily consists of beverage products bearing Company trademarks. Also included in unit case volume are certain products licensed to, or distributed by, our Company, and brands owned by Coca-Cola system bottlers for which our Company provides marketing support and from the sale of which we derive economic benefit. In addition, unit case volume includes sales by joint ventures in which the Company has an equity interest. We believe unit case volume is one of the measures of the underlying strength of the Coca-Cola system because it measures trends at the consumer level. The unit case volume numbers used in this report are derived based on estimates received by the Company from its bottling partners and distributors. Concentrate sales volume represents the amount of concentrates and syrups (in all cases expressed in equivalent unit cases) sold by, or used in finished beverages sold by, the Company to its bottling partners or other customers. Unit case volume and concentrate sales volume growth rates are not necessarily equal during any given period. Factors such as seasonality, bottlers' inventory practices, supply point changes, timing of price increases, new product introductions and changes in product mix can impact unit case volume and concentrate sales volume and can create differences between unit case volume and concentrate sales volume growth rates. In addition to the items mentioned above, the impact of unit case volume from certain joint ventures, in which the Company has an equity interest, but to which the Company does not sell concentrates or syrups, may give rise to differences between unit case volume and concentrate sales volume growth rates. Information about our volume growth by operating segment is as follows: Percent Change 2011 vs. 2010 2010 vs. 2009 Concentrate Concentrate Year Ended December 31, Unit Cases1,2 Sales Unit Cases1,2 Sales Worldwide 5% 5% 5% 5% Eurasia & Africa 6% 5% 12% 12% Europe 2 1 - - Latin America 6 5 5 7 North America 4 4 2 2 Pacific 5 6 6 6 Bottling Investments - N/A (1) N/A 1 Bottling Investments operating segment data reflects unit case volume growth for consolidated bottlers only. 2 Geographic segment data reflects unit case volume growth for all bottlers in the applicable geographic areas, both consolidated and unconsolidated. 47 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/kxpj0226 Unit Case Volume The Coca-Cola system sold approximately 26.7 billion unit cases of our products in 2011, approximately 25.5 billion unit cases in 2010 and approximately 24.4 billion unit cases in 2009. Year Ended December 31, 2011, versus Year Ended December 31, 2010 In Eurasia and Africa, unit case volume increased 6 percent, which consisted of 5 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 13 percent growth in still beverages. The group's unit case volume growth was largely due to growth in our key markets, including India and Turkey. India experienced 12 percent unit case volume growth, which consisted of 12 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 11 percent growth in still beverages. India's growth in sparkling beverages was primarily due to 17 percent growth in Trademark Sprite, 15 percent growth in Trademark Thums Up and 11 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola. Still beverages in India benefited from 14 percent growth in our Kinley water brand and 11 percent growth in Maaza, a component of our juice portfolio in India. The group also benefited from unit case volume growth of 10 percent in Turkey, which included strong growth in brand Coca-Cola. Unit case volume grew 5 percent in Russia, primarily due to our acquisition of Nidan in the third quarter of 2010. Excluding the impact of the acquired Nidan juice, Russia's overall unit case volume declined 2 percent in 2011. Eurasia and Africa also benefited from unit case volume growth of 8 percent in the Company's Middle East and North Africa Business Unit despite ongoing geopolitical challenges in the region. The group's unit case volume growth in the markets described above was partially offset by a 2 percent unit case volume decline in South Africa. This decline was primarily due to the impact of unfavorable weather conditions during our peak summer selling season as well as higher pricing in the marketplace. Unit case volume in Europe increased 2 percent, despite an unseasonably cold and rainy summer selling season and moderate consumer confidence. The Company achieved these results by strategically tailoring our price and package offerings to meet the needs of each market with consideration for the current economic environment. The group benefited from the Company's successful launch of our 125th anniversary marketing campaign as well as other integrated marketing campaigns. The group had 2 percent growth in sparkling beverages, including 3 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola and growth of 14 percent in Coca-Cola Zero. Unit case volume for still beverages increased 2 percent, led by growth in energy drinks and tea. Germany's unit case volume increased 6 percent, primarily attributable to 6 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola and 13 percent growth in Trademark Fanta. Our German business continued to benefit from the Company's bottler restructuring efforts and our effective marketing campaigns. In addition, France and Great Britain had growth of 5 percent and 4 percent, respectively, each led by growth in Trademark Coca-Cola. In Latin America, unit case volume increased 6 percent, which consisted of 4 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 15 percent growth in still beverages. The group's sparkling beverage unit case volume growth was led by 4 percent growth in brand Coca-Cola. Still beverages benefited from the successful performance of Del Valle as well as strong growth in other still beverages, including water and tea. Mexico had unit case volume growth of 9 percent, led by 7 percent growth in sparkling beverages, which included 7 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola. In addition, Argentina had 10 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola which contributed to its overall unit case volume growth of 10 percent. Argentina's unit case volume growth benefited from strong integrated marketing campaigns, including sponsorship of the Copa America soccer tournament in July. Brazil's unit case volume increased 1 percent despite a general slowdown in the country's economy. The group's unit case volume growth in the markets described above was partially offset by a 10 percent volume decline in Venezuela. The decline in Venezuela is a reflection of the continued economic and political pressures affecting the country. Unit case volume in North America increased 4 percent, including 3 percent growth attributable to the new license agreements with DPS. The group's unit case volume growth was driven by 3 percent growth in sparkling beverages, primarily due to the sale of Dr Pepper brands under the new license agreements. Coca-Cola Zero continued its strong performance in North America with 11 percent unit case volume growth. Unit case volume for still beverages in North America increased 4 percent, including 12 percent growth in Trademark Powerade, 10 percent growth in Trademark Dasani and 48 percent growth in Gold Peak. The growth in still beverages in North America was partially offset by a decline of 2 percent in juice and juice drinks, a reflection of increased pricing to offset commodity costs. In December 2011, the Company acquired Great Plains Coca-Cola Bottling Company ("Great Plains") in the United States. As a result of this acquisition, we will report volume from cross-licensed brands, primarily Dr Pepper, that were previously distributed by Great Plains. Unit case volume for these cross-licensed brands was 12 million unit cases for full year 2011. The Company began reporting unit case volume for these cross-licensed brands in December 2011. 48 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/kxpj0226 In Pacific, unit case volume increased 5 percent, which consisted of 4 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 8 percent growth in still beverages. The group's volume growth was led by 13 percent growth in China, which included 12 percent growth in sparkling beverages attributable to strong growth in Trademark Sprite, Coca-Cola and Fanta. The group also benefited from China's 16 percent growth in still beverages, including strong growth in Minute Maid Pulpy and other still beverages, including water. In Japan, unit case volume growth was even, reflecting the impact of the earthquake and tsunami that devastated the northern and eastern portions of the country on March 11, 2011. The group's unit case volume growth in the markets described above was partially offset by a 9 percent volume decline in the Philippines. Unit case volume for Bottling Investments was even when compared to the prior year. The group had growth in key markets where we own or otherwise consolidate bottling operations, including unit case volume growth of 13 percent in China, 12 percent in India and 6 percent in Germany. The Company's consolidated bottling operations accounted for 34 percent, 66 percent and 100 percent of the unit case volume in China, India and Germany, respectively. However, growth in these markets was offset by the unfavorable impact of the Company's sale of our Norwegian and Swedish bottling operations to New CCE during the fourth quarter of 2010 as well as a unit case volume decline of 9 percent in the Philippines where we own 100 percent of the country's bottling operations. Year Ended December 31, 2010, versus Year Ended December 31, 2009 In Eurasia and Africa, unit case volume increased 12 percent, which consisted of 10 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 21 percent growth in still beverages. The group's unit case volume growth was primarily attributable to 17 percent growth in India, which included growth of 15 percent and 23 percent in sparkling and still beverages, respectively. India's growth in sparkling beverages was led by double-digit growth in Trademarks Sprite, Thums Up and Coca-Cola, which reflected the benefit of successful national marketing programs. Still beverage growth in India included the impact of 22 percent growth in our Maaza juice brand. In addition to growth in India, the group's unit case volume growth included 14 percent growth in Turkey, 8 percent growth in North and West Africa, 16 percent growth in Russia, 20 percent growth in Southern Eurasia, 12 percent growth in East and Central Africa and 5 percent growth in South Africa. The growth across the African continent was attributable to the strong performance of both sparkling and still beverages and the benefit of our FIFA World CupTM activation programs. Unit case volume in Europe was even, which reflected the impact of continuing difficult macroeconomic conditions throughout certain regions in Europe. The group's unit case volume included unit case volume growth of 5 percent in France, 1 percent in Germany and 2 percent in our Nordic Business Unit. The growth in these regions was offset by unit case volume declines in other regions, including a 7 percent decline in South and Eastern Europe, primarily due to continuing macroeconomic pressures. The group's unit case volume also included unit case volume declines of 2 percent and 1 percent in Italy and Iberia, respectively. In Latin America, unit case volume increased 5 percent, which consisted of 4 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 9 percent growth in still beverages. The group's unit case volume growth was led by 11 percent growth in Brazil and 3 percent growth in Mexico. Brazil's unit case volume growth was primarily due to 11 percent growth in sparkling beverages, led by 11 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola. Mexico's unit case volume growth was impacted by adverse weather conditions. The group's unit case volume growth also included 5 percent growth in our South Latin Business Unit. All of the aforementioned markets benefited from our strong FIFA World CupTM activation programs. Unit case volume in North America increased 2 percent, including 1 percent attributable to the new license agreements with DPS. The group's unit case volume growth was driven by 5 percent growth in still beverages, led by 19 percent growth in Trademark Powerade, 12 percent growth in teas and 23 percent growth in Trademark Simply. Unit case volume for sparkling beverages in North America increased 1 percent, primarily due to the sale of DPS brands under the new license agreements. Coca-Cola Zero continued its strong performance in North America with 15 percent growth in 2010. The group's strong marketing initiatives, including our FIFA World CupTM activation programs, contributed to the unit case volume growth in North America. The volume and net operating revenues attributable to the sale of DPS brands have been included as a structural change in our analysis of net operating revenues. Refer to the heading "Net Operating Revenues" below and "Structural Changes, Acquired Brands and New License Agreements" above. In Pacific, unit case volume increased 6 percent, which consisted of 13 percent growth in still beverages and 2 percent growth in sparkling beverages. The group's volume growth was led by 6 percent growth in China, 15 percent growth in the Philippines and 3 percent growth in Japan. China's volume growth included 21 percent growth in juices and juice drinks primarily due to the continued strong momentum of Minute Maid Pulpy, as well as strong growth in other still beverages including water. Tough weather conditions, including flooding in the higher per capita consumption regions, negatively impacted unit case volume in China. In the Philippines, unit case volume growth was led by 14 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola. In Japan, the unit case volume growth was driven by successful in-market activations, strong innovation and favorable weather conditions. 49 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/kxpj0226 Included in Japan's unit case volume growth was 5 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola, primarily due to strong FIFA World CupTM activation programs and our Coca-Cola Summer Promotion. Japan's unit case volume growth also benefited from 17 percent growth in sports drinks. Unit case volume for Bottling Investments decreased 1 percent, primarily due to the deconsolidation of certain entities as a result of the Company's adoption of new accounting guidance issued by the FASB. These entities are primarily bottling operations and have been accounted for under the equity method of accounting since they were deconsolidated on January 1, 2010. Refer to the heading "Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates - Principles of Consolidation" and "Structural Changes, Acquired Brands and New License Agreements" above. The deconsolidation of these entities negatively impacted the unit case volume for Bottling Investments by approximately 9 percent. Unit case volume for Bottling Investments was also negatively impacted by the sale of our Norwegian and Swedish bottling operations to New CCE. The unfavorable impact of the aforementioned items was partially offset by growth in markets where we own or otherwise consolidate the bottling operations. Unit case volume grew 6 percent in China, 17 percent in India, 15 percent in the Philippines and 1 percent in Germany. The Company's consolidated bottling operations account for 33 percent, 66 percent, 100 percent and 100 percent of the unit case volume in China, India, the Philippines and Germany, respectively. Concentrate Sales Volume In 2011, concentrate sales volume and unit case volume both grew 5 percent compared to 2010. Likewise, in 2010, concentrate sales volume and unit case volume both grew 5 percent compared to 2009. The differences between concentrate sales volume and unit case volume growth rates for individual operating segments in 2011 and 2010 were primarily due to the timing of concentrate shipments and the impact of unit case volume from certain joint ventures in which the Company has an equity interest, but to which the Company does not sell concentrates, syrups, beverage bases or powders. 50 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/kxpj0226 Analysis of Consolidated Statements of Income Percent Change Year Ended December 31, 2011 2010 2009 2011 vs. 2010 2010 vs. 2009 (In millions except percentages and per share data) NET OPERATING REVENUES $ 46,542 $ 35,119 $ 30,990 33% 13% Cost of goods sold 18,216 12,693 11,088 44 14 GROSS PROFIT 28,326 22,426 19,902 26 13 GROSS PROFIT MARGIN 60.9% 63.9% 64.2% Selling, general and administrative expenses 17,440 13,158 11,358 33 16 Other operating charges 732 819 313 * * OPERATING INCOME 10,154 8,449 8,231 20 3 OPERATING MARGIN 21.8% 24.1% 26.6% Interest income 483 317 249 52 27 Interest expense 417 733 355 (43) 106 Equity income (loss) - net 690 1,025 781 (33) 31 Other income (loss) - net 529 5,185 40 * * INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES 11,439 14,243 8,946 (20) 59 Income taxes 2,805 2,384 2,040 18 17 Effective tax rate 24.5% 16.7% 22.8% CONSOLIDATED NET INCOME 8,634 11,859 6,906 (27) 72 Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 62 50 82 24 (39) NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO SHAREOWNERS OF THE COCA-COLA COMPANY $ 8,572 $ 11,809 $ 6,824 (27)% 73% BASIC NET INCOME PER SHARE¹ $ 3.75 $ 5.12 $ 2.95 (27)% 74% DILUTED NET INCOME PER SHARE¹ $ 3.69 $ 5.06 $ 2.93 (27)% 73% * Calculation is not meaningful. 1 Basic net income per share and diluted net income per share are calculated based on net income attributable to shareowners of The Coca-Cola Company. T. 51 Source: :https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/kxpj0226 Net Operating Revenues Year Ended December 31, 2011, versus Year Ended December 31, 2010 The Company's net operating revenues increased $11,423 million, or 33 percent. Net operating revenues for the North America operating segment increased $9,366 million, or 84 percent. This increase primarily reflects the impact of structural changes related to the acquisition of CCE's North American operations in addition to the impact of our new license agreements with DPS. Net operating revenues for the North America operating segment also included a 1 percent increase in pricing to retailers, driven by a 2 percent increase in pricing on sparkling beverages, and a 1 percent favorable impact due to foreign currency exchange fluctuations. The following table illustrates, on a percentage basis, the estimated impact of key factors resulting in the increase (decrease) in net operating revenues for each of our international and Bottling Investments operating segments: Percent Change 2011 vs. 2010 Structural Price, Product & Currency Volume2 Changes Geographic Mix Fluctuations Total International (including Bottling Investments¹ 5% (3)% 2% 4% 8% Eurasia & Africa 5% -% 7% (1)% 11% Europe 1 - - 3 4 Latin America 5 (2) 7 4 14 Pacific 6 - (2) 7 11 Bottling Investments 4 (8) 3 4 3 1 Represents the total change in net operating revenues for Bottling Investments and each of our geographic operating segments, excluding North America. 2 Represents the percent change in net operating revenues attributable to the increase (decrease) in concentrate sales volume for our geographic operating segments (expressed in equivalent unit cases). For our Bottling Investments operating segment, this represents the percent change in net operating revenues attributable to the increase (decrease) in unit case volume for the Bottling Investments operating segment after considering the impact of structural changes. Our Bottling Investments operating segment data reflects unit case volume growth for consolidated bottlers only. Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume" above. Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume" above for additional information related to changes in our unit case and concentrate sales volume. The structural change in the Bottling Investments operating segment was primarily related to the sale of all our ownership interests in our Norwegian and Swedish bottling operations to New CCE on October 2, 2010. Refer to the heading "Structural Changes, Acquired Brands and New License Agreements" above. The structural change in the Latin America operating segment was related to the sale of 50 percent of our investment in Leão Junior, S.A. ("Leão Junior") during the third quarter of 2010. Price, product and geographic mix had a favorable 2 percent impact on our international and Bottling Investments net operating revenues. Price, product and geographic mix for our operating segments was impacted by a variety of factors and events including, but not limited to, the following: Our international and Bottling Investments operating segments' results were unfavorably impacted by geographic mix as a result of growth in our emerging and developing markets. The revenue per unit sold in these markets is generally less than in developed markets; Eurasia and Africa was favorably impacted by price mix as a result of pricing increases in a number of key markets; Europe's price mix was even, including a negative 1 percent impact as a result of a change in our concentrate pricing strategy in Germany with our consolidated bottler; Latin America was favorably impacted by price mix as a result of pricing increases in a number of key markets. Also, still beverages grew faster than sparkling beverages in Latin America, bolstered by the strong performance of Del Valle; Pacific was unfavorably impacted by geographic mix due to the growth in emerging and developing markets. The revenue per unit sold in these markets is generally less than in developed markets; Pacific was unfavorably impacted by channel and product mix due to the earthquake and tsunami that devastated 52 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/kxpj0226 Analysis of Consolidated Statements of Income Percent Change Year Ended December 31, 2011 2010 2009 2011 vs. 2010 2010 vs. 2009 (In millions except percentages and per share data) NET OPERATING REVENUES $ 46,542 $ 35,119 $ 30,990 33% 13% Cost of goods sold 18,216 12,693 11,088 44 14 GROSS PROFIT 28,326 22,426 19,902 26 13 GROSS PROFIT MARGIN 60.9% 63.9% 64.2% Selling, general and administrative expenses 17,440 13,158 11,358 33 16 Other operating charges 732 819 313 * * OPERATING INCOME 10,154 8,449 8,231 20 3 OPERATING MARGIN 21.8% 24.1% 26.6% Interest income 483 317 249 52 27 Interest expense 417 733 355 (43) 106 Equity income (loss) - net 690 1,025 781 (33) 31 Other income (loss) - net 529 5,185 40 * * INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES 11,439 14,243 8,946 (20) 59 Income taxes 2,805 2,384 2,040 18 17 Effective tax rate 24.5% 16.7% 22.8% CONSOLIDATED NET INCOME 8,634 11,859 6,906 (27) 72 Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 62 50 82 24 (39) NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO SHAREOWNERS OF THE COCA-COLA COMPANY $ 8,572 $ 11,809 $ 6,824 (27)% 73% BASIC NET INCOME PER SHARE¹ $ 3.75 $ 5.12 $ 2.95 (27)% 74% DILUTED NET INCOME PER SHARE¹ $ 5.06 $ 2.93 (27)% 73% * Calculation is not meaningful. 1 Basic net income per share and diluted net income per share are calculated based on net income attributable to shareowners of The Coca-Cola Company. 51 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/kxpj0226 Net Operating Revenues Year Ended December 31, 2011, versus Year Ended December 31, 2010 The Company's net operating revenues increased $11,423 million, or 33 percent. Net operating revenues for the North America operating segment increased $9,366 million, or 84 percent. This increase primarily reflects the impact of structural changes related to the acquisition of CCE's North American operations in addition to the impact of our new license agreements with DPS. Net operating revenues for the North America operating segment also included a 1 percent increase in pricing to retailers, driven by a 2 percent increase in pricing on sparkling beverages, and a 1 percent favorable impact due to foreign currency exchange fluctuations. The following table illustrates, on a percentage basis, the estimated impact of key factors resulting in the increase (decrease) in , net operating revenues for each of our international and Bottling Investments operating segments: Percent Change 2011 vs. 2010 Structural Price, Product & Currency Volume2 Changes Geographic Mix Fluctuations Total International (including Bottling Investments¹ (3)% 2% 4% 8% Eurasia & Africa 5% -% 7% (1)% 11% Europe 1 - - 3 4 Latin America 5 (2) 7 4 14 Pacific 6 - (2) 7 11 Bottling Investments 4 (8) 3 4 3 1 Represents the total change in net operating revenues for Bottling Investments and each of our geographic operating segments, excluding North America. 2 Represents the percent change in net operating revenues attributable to the increase (decrease) in concentrate sales volume for our geographic operating segments (expressed in equivalent unit cases). For our Bottling Investments operating segment, this represents the percent change in net operating revenues attributable to the increase (decrease) in unit case volume for the Bottling Investments operating segment after considering the impact of structural changes. Our Bottling Investments operating segment data reflects unit case volume growth for consolidated bottlers only. Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume" above. Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume" above for additional information related to changes in our unit case and concentrate sales volume. The structural change in the Bottling Investments operating segment was primarily related to the sale of all our ownership interests in our Norwegian and Swedish bottling operations to New CCE on October 2, 2010. Refer to the heading "Structural Changes, Acquired Brands and New License Agreements" above. The structural change in the Latin America operating segment was related to the sale of 50 percent of our investment in Leão Junior, S.A. ("Leão Junior") during the third quarter of 2010. Price, product and geographic mix had a favorable 2 percent impact on our international and Bottling Investments net operating revenues. Price, product and geographic mix for our operating segments was impacted by a variety of factors and events including, but not limited to, the following: Our international and Bottling Investments operating segments' results were unfavorably impacted by geographic mix as a result of growth in our emerging and developing markets. The revenue per unit sold in these markets is generally less than in developed markets; Eurasia and Africa was favorably impacted by price mix as a result of pricing increases in a number of key markets; Europe's price mix was even, including a negative 1 percent impact as a result of a change in our concentrate pricing strategy in Germany with our consolidated bottler; Latin America was favorably impacted by price mix as a result of pricing increases in a number of key markets. Also, still beverages grew faster than sparkling beverages in Latin America, bolstered by the strong performance of Del Valle; Pacific was unfavorably impacted by geographic mix due to the growth in emerging and developing markets. The revenue per unit sold in these markets is generally less than in developed markets; Pacific was unfavorably impacted by channel and product mix due to the earthquake and tsunami that devastated 52 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/kxpj022( northern and eastern Japan on March 11, 2011; and Bottling Investments was favorably impacted by price mix as a result of pricing increases in a number of key markets, including China, India and Latin America. The favorable impact of foreign currency fluctuations increased net operating revenues for our international and Bottling Investments operating segments by 4 percent. The favorable impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates was primarily due to a weaker U.S. dollar compared to certain other foreign currencies, including the euro, Japanese yen, Mexican peso, Brazilian real, British pound, South African rand and Australian dollar, which had a favorable impact on the Eurasia and Africa, Europe, Latin America, Pacific and Bottling Investments operating segments. Refer to the heading "Liquidity, Capital Resources and Financial Position - Foreign Exchange." Year Ended December 31, 2010, versus Year Ended December 31, 2009 Net operating revenues increased $4,129 million, or 13 percent. The following table illustrates, on a percentage basis, the estimated impact of key factors resulting in the increase (decrease) in net operating revenues by operating segment: Percent Change 2010 vs. 2009 Structural Changes Price, Product & Currency Volume¹ Volume2 Other Geographic Mix Fluctuations Total Consolidated 5% -% 5% 1% 2% 13% Eurasia & Africa 12% -% -% (2)% 6% 16% Europe - - 2 1 (2) 1 Latin America 7 - (13) 9 3 6 North America 1 1 32 - 1 35 Pacific 6 - 1 (5) 6 8 Bottling Investments 10 (11) - (1) 2 - Corporate * * * * * * * Calculation is not meaningful. 1 Represents the percent change in net operating revenues attributable to the increase (decrease) in concentrate sales volume for our geographic operating segments, excluding the impact of volume associated with new license agreements (expressed in equivalent unit cases). For our Bottling Investments operating segment, this represents the percent change in net operating revenues attributable to the increase (decrease) in unit case volume for the Bottling Investments operating segment after considering the impact of structural changes. Our Bottling Investments operating segment data reflects unit case volume growth for consolidated bottlers only. Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume" above. 2 Represents the percent change in net operating revenues attributable to the increase (decrease) in concentrate sales volume related to new license agreements for our geographic operating segments. For our Bottling Investments operating segment, this represents the percent change in net operating revenues attributable to the increase (decrease) in unit case volume for the Bottling Investments operating segment due to structural changes. Our Bottling Investments operating segment data reflects unit case volume growth for consolidated bottlers only. Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume" above. Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume" above for additional information related to changes in our unit case and concentrate sales volume. Refer to the heading "Structural Changes, Acquired Brands and New License Agreements" above for additional information related to significant structural changes. Although we do not normally consider new license agreements to be structural changes, in the case of the DPS license agreements, given their correlation to our acquisition of CCE's North American business, we have included the impact of these license agreements as structural changes when explaining our 2010 financial results. Likewise, the total revenues attributable to CCE's North American business, including DPS, recognized by the Company during the three months following the date of acquisition in 2010 are considered a structural change. 53 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/kxpj0226 Price, product and geographic mix had a favorable 1 percent impact on consolidated net operating revenues. Price, product and geographic mix for our operating segments was impacted by a variety of factors and events including, but not limited to, the following: Consolidated results were unfavorably impacted by geographic mix as a result of growth in our emerging and developing markets. The growth in our emerging and developing markets resulted in unfavorable geographic mix due to the fact that the revenue per unit sold in these markets is generally less than in developed markets; Eurasia and Africa was unfavorably impacted by negative geographic mix due to the growth in emerging and developing markets such as India and Russia. The revenue per unit sold in these markets is generally less than in developed markets; Latin America was favorably impacted by pricing in a number of our key markets and the impact of still beverages growing faster than sparkling beverages; and Pacific was negatively impacted by unfavorable geographic mix due to the growth in emerging and developing markets such as China and the Philippines. The revenue per unit sold in these markets is generally less than in developed markets. The favorable impact of foreign currency fluctuations increased net operating revenues by 2 percent. The favorable impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates was primarily due to a weaker U.S. dollar compared to certain other foreign currencies, including the Japanese yen, Mexican peso, Brazilian real, South African rand and Australian dollar, which had a favorable impact on the Eurasia and Africa, Latin America, Pacific and Bottling Investments operating segments. The favorable impact of a weaker U.S. dollar compared to the aforementioned currencies was partially offset by the impact of a stronger U.S. dollar compared to certain other foreign currencies, including the euro and British pound, which had an unfavorable impact on the Europe and Bottling Investments operating segments. Refer to the heading "Liquidity, Capital Resources and Financial Position - Foreign Exchange." Net Operating Revenues by Operating Segment Information about our net operating revenues by operating segment as a percentage of Company net operating revenues is as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2011 2010 2009 Eurasia & Africa 5.8% 6.9% 6.4% Europe 10.3 12.6 13.9 Latin America 9.4 11.0 12.0 North America 44.2 31.7 26.4 Pacific 11.7 14.1 14.6 Bottling Investments 18.3 23.4 26.4 Corporate 0.3 0.3 0.3 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Net operating revenue growth rates are impacted by sales volume, structural changes, price and product/geographic mix, and foreign currency fluctuations. The percentage of the Company's net operating revenues contributed by our North America operating segment increased 12.5 percent and 5.3 percent in 2011 and 2010, respectively, as a result of our acquisition of CCE's North American business on October 2, 2010. The CCE acquisition resulted in a decrease in the proportionate share of the Company's consolidated net operating revenues contributed by our operating segments outside of North America for both 2011 and 2010. The percentage of the Company's net operating revenues contributed by our Bottling Investments operating segment decreased 5.1 percent and 3.0 percent in 2011 and 2010, respectively, primarily due to the sale of our Norwegian and Swedish bottling operations to New CCE and the segment's proportionate decrease in the Company's consolidated net operating revenues due to the CCE acquisition in North America. Refer to the heading "Structural Changes, Acquired Brands and New License Agreements" above. The size and timing of structural changes are not consistent from period to period. As a result, anticipating the impact of such events on future net operating revenues, and other financial statement line items, usually is not possible. We expect structural changes to have an impact on our consolidated financial statements in future periods. 54 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/kxpj0226

What is the name of the place the UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION is from?

kxpj0226

kxpj0226_p0, kxpj0226_p1, kxpj0226_p2, kxpj0226_p3, kxpj0226_p4, kxpj0226_p5, kxpj0226_p6, kxpj0226_p7, kxpj0226_p8, kxpj0226_p9, kxpj0226_p10

Washington, D.C. 20549, Washington, D.C., Washington, d.c., Washington

COCA - COLA , F UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011 OR TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to Commission File No. 001-02217 The CocaCola Company (Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter) DELAWARE 58-0628465 (State or other jurisdiction of (IRS Employer incorporation or organization) Identification No.) One Coca-Cola Plaza Atlanta, Georgia 30313 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (404) 676-2121 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Name of each exchange on which registered COMMON STOCK, $0.25 PAR VALUE NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes No Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes No Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes No Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes No Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): Large accelerated filer Accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer Smaller reporting company (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes No The aggregate market value of the common equity held by non-affiliates of the Registrant (assuming for these purposes, but without conceding, that all executive officers and Directors are "affiliates" of the Registrant) as of July 1, 2011, the last business day of the Registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was $148,385,503,727 (based on the closing sale price of the Registrant's Common Stock on that date as reported on the New York Stock Exchange). The number of shares outstanding of the Registrant's Common Stock as of February 20, 2012, was 2,263,204,221. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Portions of the Company's Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareowners to be held on April 25, 2012, are incorporated by reference in Part III. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/kxpj0226 Impact of New Accounting Guidance Beginning January 1, 2010, we deconsolidated certain entities as a result of the Company's adoption of new accounting guidance issued by the FASB. These entities are primarily bottling operations, and the Company accounted for them under the equity method of accounting upon deconsolidation. The entities that were deconsolidated as a result of this change in accounting guidance accounted for 3 percent of the Company's consolidated net operating revenues and less than 1 percent of net income attributable to shareowners of The Coca-Cola Company in 2009. Refer to the heading "Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates - Principles of Consolidation" above. These entities accounted for 4 percent of the Company's equity income in 2010. Refer to the heading "Equity Income (Loss) - Net" below. The impact that the deconsolidation of these entities had on net operating revenues was included as a structural change. Refer to the heading "Net Operating Revenues" below. Beverage Volume We measure the volume of Company beverage products sold in two ways: (1) unit cases of finished products and (2) concentrate sales. As used in this report, "unit case" means a unit of measurement equal to 192 U.S. fluid ounces of finished beverage (24 eight-ounce servings); and "unit case volume" means the number of unit cases (or unit case equivalents) of Company beverage products directly or indirectly sold by the Company and its bottling partners to customers. Unit case volume primarily consists of beverage products bearing Company trademarks. Also included in unit case volume are certain products licensed to, or distributed by, our Company, and brands owned by Coca-Cola system bottlers for which our Company provides marketing support and from the sale of which we derive economic benefit. In addition, unit case volume includes sales by joint ventures in which the Company has an equity interest. We believe unit case volume is one of the measures of the underlying strength of the Coca-Cola system because it measures trends at the consumer level. The unit case volume numbers used in this report are derived based on estimates received by the Company from its bottling partners and distributors. Concentrate sales volume represents the amount of concentrates and syrups (in all cases expressed in equivalent unit cases) sold by, or used in finished beverages sold by, the Company to its bottling partners or other customers. Unit case volume and concentrate sales volume growth rates are not necessarily equal during any given period. Factors such as seasonality, bottlers' inventory practices, supply point changes, timing of price increases, new product introductions and changes in product mix can impact unit case volume and concentrate sales volume and can create differences between unit case volume and concentrate sales volume growth rates. In addition to the items mentioned above, the impact of unit case volume from certain joint ventures, in which the Company has an equity interest, but to which the Company does not sell concentrates or syrups, may give rise to differences between unit case volume and concentrate sales volume growth rates. Information about our volume growth by operating segment is as follows: Percent Change 2011 vs. 2010 2010 vs. 2009 Concentrate Concentrate Year Ended December 31, Unit Cases1,2 Sales Unit Cases1,2 Sales Worldwide 5% 5% 5% 5% Eurasia & Africa 6% 5% 12% 12% Europe 2 1 - - Latin America 6 5 5 7 North America 4 4 2 2 Pacific 5 6 6 6 Bottling Investments - N/A (1) N/A 1 Bottling Investments operating segment data reflects unit case volume growth for consolidated bottlers only. 2 Geographic segment data reflects unit case volume growth for all bottlers in the applicable geographic areas, both consolidated and unconsolidated. 47 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/kxpj0226 Unit Case Volume The Coca-Cola system sold approximately 26.7 billion unit cases of our products in 2011, approximately 25.5 billion unit cases in 2010 and approximately 24.4 billion unit cases in 2009. Year Ended December 31, 2011, versus Year Ended December 31, 2010 In Eurasia and Africa, unit case volume increased 6 percent, which consisted of 5 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 13 percent growth in still beverages. The group's unit case volume growth was largely due to growth in our key markets, including India and Turkey. India experienced 12 percent unit case volume growth, which consisted of 12 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 11 percent growth in still beverages. India's growth in sparkling beverages was primarily due to 17 percent growth in Trademark Sprite, 15 percent growth in Trademark Thums Up and 11 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola. Still beverages in India benefited from 14 percent growth in our Kinley water brand and 11 percent growth in Maaza, a component of our juice portfolio in India. The group also benefited from unit case volume growth of 10 percent in Turkey, which included strong growth in brand Coca-Cola. Unit case volume grew 5 percent in Russia, primarily due to our acquisition of Nidan in the third quarter of 2010. Excluding the impact of the acquired Nidan juice, Russia's overall unit case volume declined 2 percent in 2011. Eurasia and Africa also benefited from unit case volume growth of 8 percent in the Company's Middle East and North Africa Business Unit despite ongoing geopolitical challenges in the region. The group's unit case volume growth in the markets described above was partially offset by a 2 percent unit case volume decline in South Africa. This decline was primarily due to the impact of unfavorable weather conditions during our peak summer selling season as well as higher pricing in the marketplace. Unit case volume in Europe increased 2 percent, despite an unseasonably cold and rainy summer selling season and moderate consumer confidence. The Company achieved these results by strategically tailoring our price and package offerings to meet the needs of each market with consideration for the current economic environment. The group benefited from the Company's successful launch of our 125th anniversary marketing campaign as well as other integrated marketing campaigns. The group had 2 percent growth in sparkling beverages, including 3 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola and growth of 14 percent in Coca-Cola Zero. Unit case volume for still beverages increased 2 percent, led by growth in energy drinks and tea. Germany's unit case volume increased 6 percent, primarily attributable to 6 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola and 13 percent growth in Trademark Fanta. Our German business continued to benefit from the Company's bottler restructuring efforts and our effective marketing campaigns. In addition, France and Great Britain had growth of 5 percent and 4 percent, respectively, each led by growth in Trademark Coca-Cola. In Latin America, unit case volume increased 6 percent, which consisted of 4 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 15 percent growth in still beverages. The group's sparkling beverage unit case volume growth was led by 4 percent growth in brand Coca-Cola. Still beverages benefited from the successful performance of Del Valle as well as strong growth in other still beverages, including water and tea. Mexico had unit case volume growth of 9 percent, led by 7 percent growth in sparkling beverages, which included 7 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola. In addition, Argentina had 10 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola which contributed to its overall unit case volume growth of 10 percent. Argentina's unit case volume growth benefited from strong integrated marketing campaigns, including sponsorship of the Copa America soccer tournament in July. Brazil's unit case volume increased 1 percent despite a general slowdown in the country's economy. The group's unit case volume growth in the markets described above was partially offset by a 10 percent volume decline in Venezuela. The decline in Venezuela is a reflection of the continued economic and political pressures affecting the country. Unit case volume in North America increased 4 percent, including 3 percent growth attributable to the new license agreements with DPS. The group's unit case volume growth was driven by 3 percent growth in sparkling beverages, primarily due to the sale of Dr Pepper brands under the new license agreements. Coca-Cola Zero continued its strong performance in North America with 11 percent unit case volume growth. Unit case volume for still beverages in North America increased 4 percent, including 12 percent growth in Trademark Powerade, 10 percent growth in Trademark Dasani and 48 percent growth in Gold Peak. The growth in still beverages in North America was partially offset by a decline of 2 percent in juice and juice drinks, a reflection of increased pricing to offset commodity costs. In December 2011, the Company acquired Great Plains Coca-Cola Bottling Company ("Great Plains") in the United States. As a result of this acquisition, we will report volume from cross-licensed brands, primarily Dr Pepper, that were previously distributed by Great Plains. Unit case volume for these cross-licensed brands was 12 million unit cases for full year 2011. The Company began reporting unit case volume for these cross-licensed brands in December 2011. 48 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/kxpj0226 In Pacific, unit case volume increased 5 percent, which consisted of 4 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 8 percent growth in still beverages. The group's volume growth was led by 13 percent growth in China, which included 12 percent growth in sparkling beverages attributable to strong growth in Trademark Sprite, Coca-Cola and Fanta. The group also benefited from China's 16 percent growth in still beverages, including strong growth in Minute Maid Pulpy and other still beverages, including water. In Japan, unit case volume growth was even, reflecting the impact of the earthquake and tsunami that devastated the northern and eastern portions of the country on March 11, 2011. The group's unit case volume growth in the markets described above was partially offset by a 9 percent volume decline in the Philippines. Unit case volume for Bottling Investments was even when compared to the prior year. The group had growth in key markets where we own or otherwise consolidate bottling operations, including unit case volume growth of 13 percent in China, 12 percent in India and 6 percent in Germany. The Company's consolidated bottling operations accounted for 34 percent, 66 percent and 100 percent of the unit case volume in China, India and Germany, respectively. However, growth in these markets was offset by the unfavorable impact of the Company's sale of our Norwegian and Swedish bottling operations to New CCE during the fourth quarter of 2010 as well as a unit case volume decline of 9 percent in the Philippines where we own 100 percent of the country's bottling operations. Year Ended December 31, 2010, versus Year Ended December 31, 2009 In Eurasia and Africa, unit case volume increased 12 percent, which consisted of 10 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 21 percent growth in still beverages. The group's unit case volume growth was primarily attributable to 17 percent growth in India, which included growth of 15 percent and 23 percent in sparkling and still beverages, respectively. India's growth in sparkling beverages was led by double-digit growth in Trademarks Sprite, Thums Up and Coca-Cola, which reflected the benefit of successful national marketing programs. Still beverage growth in India included the impact of 22 percent growth in our Maaza juice brand. In addition to growth in India, the group's unit case volume growth included 14 percent growth in Turkey, 8 percent growth in North and West Africa, 16 percent growth in Russia, 20 percent growth in Southern Eurasia, 12 percent growth in East and Central Africa and 5 percent growth in South Africa. The growth across the African continent was attributable to the strong performance of both sparkling and still beverages and the benefit of our FIFA World CupTM activation programs. Unit case volume in Europe was even, which reflected the impact of continuing difficult macroeconomic conditions throughout certain regions in Europe. The group's unit case volume included unit case volume growth of 5 percent in France, 1 percent in Germany and 2 percent in our Nordic Business Unit. The growth in these regions was offset by unit case volume declines in other regions, including a 7 percent decline in South and Eastern Europe, primarily due to continuing macroeconomic pressures. The group's unit case volume also included unit case volume declines of 2 percent and 1 percent in Italy and Iberia, respectively. In Latin America, unit case volume increased 5 percent, which consisted of 4 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 9 percent growth in still beverages. The group's unit case volume growth was led by 11 percent growth in Brazil and 3 percent growth in Mexico. Brazil's unit case volume growth was primarily due to 11 percent growth in sparkling beverages, led by 11 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola. Mexico's unit case volume growth was impacted by adverse weather conditions. The group's unit case volume growth also included 5 percent growth in our South Latin Business Unit. All of the aforementioned markets benefited from our strong FIFA World CupTM activation programs. Unit case volume in North America increased 2 percent, including 1 percent attributable to the new license agreements with DPS. The group's unit case volume growth was driven by 5 percent growth in still beverages, led by 19 percent growth in Trademark Powerade, 12 percent growth in teas and 23 percent growth in Trademark Simply. Unit case volume for sparkling beverages in North America increased 1 percent, primarily due to the sale of DPS brands under the new license agreements. Coca-Cola Zero continued its strong performance in North America with 15 percent growth in 2010. The group's strong marketing initiatives, including our FIFA World CupTM activation programs, contributed to the unit case volume growth in North America. The volume and net operating revenues attributable to the sale of DPS brands have been included as a structural change in our analysis of net operating revenues. Refer to the heading "Net Operating Revenues" below and "Structural Changes, Acquired Brands and New License Agreements" above. In Pacific, unit case volume increased 6 percent, which consisted of 13 percent growth in still beverages and 2 percent growth in sparkling beverages. The group's volume growth was led by 6 percent growth in China, 15 percent growth in the Philippines and 3 percent growth in Japan. China's volume growth included 21 percent growth in juices and juice drinks primarily due to the continued strong momentum of Minute Maid Pulpy, as well as strong growth in other still beverages including water. Tough weather conditions, including flooding in the higher per capita consumption regions, negatively impacted unit case volume in China. In the Philippines, unit case volume growth was led by 14 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola. In Japan, the unit case volume growth was driven by successful in-market activations, strong innovation and favorable weather conditions. 49 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/kxpj0226 Included in Japan's unit case volume growth was 5 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola, primarily due to strong FIFA World CupTM activation programs and our Coca-Cola Summer Promotion. Japan's unit case volume growth also benefited from 17 percent growth in sports drinks. Unit case volume for Bottling Investments decreased 1 percent, primarily due to the deconsolidation of certain entities as a result of the Company's adoption of new accounting guidance issued by the FASB. These entities are primarily bottling operations and have been accounted for under the equity method of accounting since they were deconsolidated on January 1, 2010. Refer to the heading "Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates - Principles of Consolidation" and "Structural Changes, Acquired Brands and New License Agreements" above. The deconsolidation of these entities negatively impacted the unit case volume for Bottling Investments by approximately 9 percent. Unit case volume for Bottling Investments was also negatively impacted by the sale of our Norwegian and Swedish bottling operations to New CCE. The unfavorable impact of the aforementioned items was partially offset by growth in markets where we own or otherwise consolidate the bottling operations. Unit case volume grew 6 percent in China, 17 percent in India, 15 percent in the Philippines and 1 percent in Germany. The Company's consolidated bottling operations account for 33 percent, 66 percent, 100 percent and 100 percent of the unit case volume in China, India, the Philippines and Germany, respectively. Concentrate Sales Volume In 2011, concentrate sales volume and unit case volume both grew 5 percent compared to 2010. Likewise, in 2010, concentrate sales volume and unit case volume both grew 5 percent compared to 2009. The differences between concentrate sales volume and unit case volume growth rates for individual operating segments in 2011 and 2010 were primarily due to the timing of concentrate shipments and the impact of unit case volume from certain joint ventures in which the Company has an equity interest, but to which the Company does not sell concentrates, syrups, beverage bases or powders. 50 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/kxpj0226 Analysis of Consolidated Statements of Income Percent Change Year Ended December 31, 2011 2010 2009 2011 vs. 2010 2010 vs. 2009 (In millions except percentages and per share data) NET OPERATING REVENUES $ 46,542 $ 35,119 $ 30,990 33% 13% Cost of goods sold 18,216 12,693 11,088 44 14 GROSS PROFIT 28,326 22,426 19,902 26 13 GROSS PROFIT MARGIN 60.9% 63.9% 64.2% Selling, general and administrative expenses 17,440 13,158 11,358 33 16 Other operating charges 732 819 313 * * OPERATING INCOME 10,154 8,449 8,231 20 3 OPERATING MARGIN 21.8% 24.1% 26.6% Interest income 483 317 249 52 27 Interest expense 417 733 355 (43) 106 Equity income (loss) - net 690 1,025 781 (33) 31 Other income (loss) - net 529 5,185 40 * * INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES 11,439 14,243 8,946 (20) 59 Income taxes 2,805 2,384 2,040 18 17 Effective tax rate 24.5% 16.7% 22.8% CONSOLIDATED NET INCOME 8,634 11,859 6,906 (27) 72 Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 62 50 82 24 (39) NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO SHAREOWNERS OF THE COCA-COLA COMPANY $ 8,572 $ 11,809 $ 6,824 (27)% 73% BASIC NET INCOME PER SHARE¹ $ 3.75 $ 5.12 $ 2.95 (27)% 74% DILUTED NET INCOME PER SHARE¹ $ 3.69 $ 5.06 $ 2.93 (27)% 73% * Calculation is not meaningful. 1 Basic net income per share and diluted net income per share are calculated based on net income attributable to shareowners of The Coca-Cola Company. T. 51 Source: :https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/kxpj0226 Net Operating Revenues Year Ended December 31, 2011, versus Year Ended December 31, 2010 The Company's net operating revenues increased $11,423 million, or 33 percent. Net operating revenues for the North America operating segment increased $9,366 million, or 84 percent. This increase primarily reflects the impact of structural changes related to the acquisition of CCE's North American operations in addition to the impact of our new license agreements with DPS. Net operating revenues for the North America operating segment also included a 1 percent increase in pricing to retailers, driven by a 2 percent increase in pricing on sparkling beverages, and a 1 percent favorable impact due to foreign currency exchange fluctuations. The following table illustrates, on a percentage basis, the estimated impact of key factors resulting in the increase (decrease) in net operating revenues for each of our international and Bottling Investments operating segments: Percent Change 2011 vs. 2010 Structural Price, Product & Currency Volume2 Changes Geographic Mix Fluctuations Total International (including Bottling Investments¹ 5% (3)% 2% 4% 8% Eurasia & Africa 5% -% 7% (1)% 11% Europe 1 - - 3 4 Latin America 5 (2) 7 4 14 Pacific 6 - (2) 7 11 Bottling Investments 4 (8) 3 4 3 1 Represents the total change in net operating revenues for Bottling Investments and each of our geographic operating segments, excluding North America. 2 Represents the percent change in net operating revenues attributable to the increase (decrease) in concentrate sales volume for our geographic operating segments (expressed in equivalent unit cases). For our Bottling Investments operating segment, this represents the percent change in net operating revenues attributable to the increase (decrease) in unit case volume for the Bottling Investments operating segment after considering the impact of structural changes. Our Bottling Investments operating segment data reflects unit case volume growth for consolidated bottlers only. Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume" above. Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume" above for additional information related to changes in our unit case and concentrate sales volume. The structural change in the Bottling Investments operating segment was primarily related to the sale of all our ownership interests in our Norwegian and Swedish bottling operations to New CCE on October 2, 2010. Refer to the heading "Structural Changes, Acquired Brands and New License Agreements" above. The structural change in the Latin America operating segment was related to the sale of 50 percent of our investment in Leão Junior, S.A. ("Leão Junior") during the third quarter of 2010. Price, product and geographic mix had a favorable 2 percent impact on our international and Bottling Investments net operating revenues. Price, product and geographic mix for our operating segments was impacted by a variety of factors and events including, but not limited to, the following: Our international and Bottling Investments operating segments' results were unfavorably impacted by geographic mix as a result of growth in our emerging and developing markets. The revenue per unit sold in these markets is generally less than in developed markets; Eurasia and Africa was favorably impacted by price mix as a result of pricing increases in a number of key markets; Europe's price mix was even, including a negative 1 percent impact as a result of a change in our concentrate pricing strategy in Germany with our consolidated bottler; Latin America was favorably impacted by price mix as a result of pricing increases in a number of key markets. Also, still beverages grew faster than sparkling beverages in Latin America, bolstered by the strong performance of Del Valle; Pacific was unfavorably impacted by geographic mix due to the growth in emerging and developing markets. The revenue per unit sold in these markets is generally less than in developed markets; Pacific was unfavorably impacted by channel and product mix due to the earthquake and tsunami that devastated 52 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/kxpj0226 Analysis of Consolidated Statements of Income Percent Change Year Ended December 31, 2011 2010 2009 2011 vs. 2010 2010 vs. 2009 (In millions except percentages and per share data) NET OPERATING REVENUES $ 46,542 $ 35,119 $ 30,990 33% 13% Cost of goods sold 18,216 12,693 11,088 44 14 GROSS PROFIT 28,326 22,426 19,902 26 13 GROSS PROFIT MARGIN 60.9% 63.9% 64.2% Selling, general and administrative expenses 17,440 13,158 11,358 33 16 Other operating charges 732 819 313 * * OPERATING INCOME 10,154 8,449 8,231 20 3 OPERATING MARGIN 21.8% 24.1% 26.6% Interest income 483 317 249 52 27 Interest expense 417 733 355 (43) 106 Equity income (loss) - net 690 1,025 781 (33) 31 Other income (loss) - net 529 5,185 40 * * INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES 11,439 14,243 8,946 (20) 59 Income taxes 2,805 2,384 2,040 18 17 Effective tax rate 24.5% 16.7% 22.8% CONSOLIDATED NET INCOME 8,634 11,859 6,906 (27) 72 Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 62 50 82 24 (39) NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO SHAREOWNERS OF THE COCA-COLA COMPANY $ 8,572 $ 11,809 $ 6,824 (27)% 73% BASIC NET INCOME PER SHARE¹ $ 3.75 $ 5.12 $ 2.95 (27)% 74% DILUTED NET INCOME PER SHARE¹ $ 5.06 $ 2.93 (27)% 73% * Calculation is not meaningful. 1 Basic net income per share and diluted net income per share are calculated based on net income attributable to shareowners of The Coca-Cola Company. 51 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/kxpj0226 Net Operating Revenues Year Ended December 31, 2011, versus Year Ended December 31, 2010 The Company's net operating revenues increased $11,423 million, or 33 percent. Net operating revenues for the North America operating segment increased $9,366 million, or 84 percent. This increase primarily reflects the impact of structural changes related to the acquisition of CCE's North American operations in addition to the impact of our new license agreements with DPS. Net operating revenues for the North America operating segment also included a 1 percent increase in pricing to retailers, driven by a 2 percent increase in pricing on sparkling beverages, and a 1 percent favorable impact due to foreign currency exchange fluctuations. The following table illustrates, on a percentage basis, the estimated impact of key factors resulting in the increase (decrease) in , net operating revenues for each of our international and Bottling Investments operating segments: Percent Change 2011 vs. 2010 Structural Price, Product & Currency Volume2 Changes Geographic Mix Fluctuations Total International (including Bottling Investments¹ (3)% 2% 4% 8% Eurasia & Africa 5% -% 7% (1)% 11% Europe 1 - - 3 4 Latin America 5 (2) 7 4 14 Pacific 6 - (2) 7 11 Bottling Investments 4 (8) 3 4 3 1 Represents the total change in net operating revenues for Bottling Investments and each of our geographic operating segments, excluding North America. 2 Represents the percent change in net operating revenues attributable to the increase (decrease) in concentrate sales volume for our geographic operating segments (expressed in equivalent unit cases). For our Bottling Investments operating segment, this represents the percent change in net operating revenues attributable to the increase (decrease) in unit case volume for the Bottling Investments operating segment after considering the impact of structural changes. Our Bottling Investments operating segment data reflects unit case volume growth for consolidated bottlers only. Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume" above. Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume" above for additional information related to changes in our unit case and concentrate sales volume. The structural change in the Bottling Investments operating segment was primarily related to the sale of all our ownership interests in our Norwegian and Swedish bottling operations to New CCE on October 2, 2010. Refer to the heading "Structural Changes, Acquired Brands and New License Agreements" above. The structural change in the Latin America operating segment was related to the sale of 50 percent of our investment in Leão Junior, S.A. ("Leão Junior") during the third quarter of 2010. Price, product and geographic mix had a favorable 2 percent impact on our international and Bottling Investments net operating revenues. Price, product and geographic mix for our operating segments was impacted by a variety of factors and events including, but not limited to, the following: Our international and Bottling Investments operating segments' results were unfavorably impacted by geographic mix as a result of growth in our emerging and developing markets. The revenue per unit sold in these markets is generally less than in developed markets; Eurasia and Africa was favorably impacted by price mix as a result of pricing increases in a number of key markets; Europe's price mix was even, including a negative 1 percent impact as a result of a change in our concentrate pricing strategy in Germany with our consolidated bottler; Latin America was favorably impacted by price mix as a result of pricing increases in a number of key markets. Also, still beverages grew faster than sparkling beverages in Latin America, bolstered by the strong performance of Del Valle; Pacific was unfavorably impacted by geographic mix due to the growth in emerging and developing markets. The revenue per unit sold in these markets is generally less than in developed markets; Pacific was unfavorably impacted by channel and product mix due to the earthquake and tsunami that devastated 52 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/kxpj022( northern and eastern Japan on March 11, 2011; and Bottling Investments was favorably impacted by price mix as a result of pricing increases in a number of key markets, including China, India and Latin America. The favorable impact of foreign currency fluctuations increased net operating revenues for our international and Bottling Investments operating segments by 4 percent. The favorable impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates was primarily due to a weaker U.S. dollar compared to certain other foreign currencies, including the euro, Japanese yen, Mexican peso, Brazilian real, British pound, South African rand and Australian dollar, which had a favorable impact on the Eurasia and Africa, Europe, Latin America, Pacific and Bottling Investments operating segments. Refer to the heading "Liquidity, Capital Resources and Financial Position - Foreign Exchange." Year Ended December 31, 2010, versus Year Ended December 31, 2009 Net operating revenues increased $4,129 million, or 13 percent. The following table illustrates, on a percentage basis, the estimated impact of key factors resulting in the increase (decrease) in net operating revenues by operating segment: Percent Change 2010 vs. 2009 Structural Changes Price, Product & Currency Volume¹ Volume2 Other Geographic Mix Fluctuations Total Consolidated 5% -% 5% 1% 2% 13% Eurasia & Africa 12% -% -% (2)% 6% 16% Europe - - 2 1 (2) 1 Latin America 7 - (13) 9 3 6 North America 1 1 32 - 1 35 Pacific 6 - 1 (5) 6 8 Bottling Investments 10 (11) - (1) 2 - Corporate * * * * * * * Calculation is not meaningful. 1 Represents the percent change in net operating revenues attributable to the increase (decrease) in concentrate sales volume for our geographic operating segments, excluding the impact of volume associated with new license agreements (expressed in equivalent unit cases). For our Bottling Investments operating segment, this represents the percent change in net operating revenues attributable to the increase (decrease) in unit case volume for the Bottling Investments operating segment after considering the impact of structural changes. Our Bottling Investments operating segment data reflects unit case volume growth for consolidated bottlers only. Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume" above. 2 Represents the percent change in net operating revenues attributable to the increase (decrease) in concentrate sales volume related to new license agreements for our geographic operating segments. For our Bottling Investments operating segment, this represents the percent change in net operating revenues attributable to the increase (decrease) in unit case volume for the Bottling Investments operating segment due to structural changes. Our Bottling Investments operating segment data reflects unit case volume growth for consolidated bottlers only. Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume" above. Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume" above for additional information related to changes in our unit case and concentrate sales volume. Refer to the heading "Structural Changes, Acquired Brands and New License Agreements" above for additional information related to significant structural changes. Although we do not normally consider new license agreements to be structural changes, in the case of the DPS license agreements, given their correlation to our acquisition of CCE's North American business, we have included the impact of these license agreements as structural changes when explaining our 2010 financial results. Likewise, the total revenues attributable to CCE's North American business, including DPS, recognized by the Company during the three months following the date of acquisition in 2010 are considered a structural change. 53 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/kxpj0226 Price, product and geographic mix had a favorable 1 percent impact on consolidated net operating revenues. Price, product and geographic mix for our operating segments was impacted by a variety of factors and events including, but not limited to, the following: Consolidated results were unfavorably impacted by geographic mix as a result of growth in our emerging and developing markets. The growth in our emerging and developing markets resulted in unfavorable geographic mix due to the fact that the revenue per unit sold in these markets is generally less than in developed markets; Eurasia and Africa was unfavorably impacted by negative geographic mix due to the growth in emerging and developing markets such as India and Russia. The revenue per unit sold in these markets is generally less than in developed markets; Latin America was favorably impacted by pricing in a number of our key markets and the impact of still beverages growing faster than sparkling beverages; and Pacific was negatively impacted by unfavorable geographic mix due to the growth in emerging and developing markets such as China and the Philippines. The revenue per unit sold in these markets is generally less than in developed markets. The favorable impact of foreign currency fluctuations increased net operating revenues by 2 percent. The favorable impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates was primarily due to a weaker U.S. dollar compared to certain other foreign currencies, including the Japanese yen, Mexican peso, Brazilian real, South African rand and Australian dollar, which had a favorable impact on the Eurasia and Africa, Latin America, Pacific and Bottling Investments operating segments. The favorable impact of a weaker U.S. dollar compared to the aforementioned currencies was partially offset by the impact of a stronger U.S. dollar compared to certain other foreign currencies, including the euro and British pound, which had an unfavorable impact on the Europe and Bottling Investments operating segments. Refer to the heading "Liquidity, Capital Resources and Financial Position - Foreign Exchange." Net Operating Revenues by Operating Segment Information about our net operating revenues by operating segment as a percentage of Company net operating revenues is as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2011 2010 2009 Eurasia & Africa 5.8% 6.9% 6.4% Europe 10.3 12.6 13.9 Latin America 9.4 11.0 12.0 North America 44.2 31.7 26.4 Pacific 11.7 14.1 14.6 Bottling Investments 18.3 23.4 26.4 Corporate 0.3 0.3 0.3 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Net operating revenue growth rates are impacted by sales volume, structural changes, price and product/geographic mix, and foreign currency fluctuations. The percentage of the Company's net operating revenues contributed by our North America operating segment increased 12.5 percent and 5.3 percent in 2011 and 2010, respectively, as a result of our acquisition of CCE's North American business on October 2, 2010. The CCE acquisition resulted in a decrease in the proportionate share of the Company's consolidated net operating revenues contributed by our operating segments outside of North America for both 2011 and 2010. The percentage of the Company's net operating revenues contributed by our Bottling Investments operating segment decreased 5.1 percent and 3.0 percent in 2011 and 2010, respectively, primarily due to the sale of our Norwegian and Swedish bottling operations to New CCE and the segment's proportionate decrease in the Company's consolidated net operating revenues due to the CCE acquisition in North America. Refer to the heading "Structural Changes, Acquired Brands and New License Agreements" above. The size and timing of structural changes are not consistent from period to period. As a result, anticipating the impact of such events on future net operating revenues, and other financial statement line items, usually is not possible. We expect structural changes to have an impact on our consolidated financial statements in future periods. 54 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/kxpj0226

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kxpj0226

kxpj0226_p0, kxpj0226_p1, kxpj0226_p2, kxpj0226_p3, kxpj0226_p4, kxpj0226_p5, kxpj0226_p6, kxpj0226_p7, kxpj0226_p8, kxpj0226_p9, kxpj0226_p10

$0.25

COCA - COLA , F UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011 OR TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to Commission File No. 001-02217 The CocaCola Company (Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter) DELAWARE 58-0628465 (State or other jurisdiction of (IRS Employer incorporation or organization) Identification No.) One Coca-Cola Plaza Atlanta, Georgia 30313 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (404) 676-2121 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Name of each exchange on which registered COMMON STOCK, $0.25 PAR VALUE NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes No Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes No Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes No Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes No Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): Large accelerated filer Accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer Smaller reporting company (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes No The aggregate market value of the common equity held by non-affiliates of the Registrant (assuming for these purposes, but without conceding, that all executive officers and Directors are "affiliates" of the Registrant) as of July 1, 2011, the last business day of the Registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was $148,385,503,727 (based on the closing sale price of the Registrant's Common Stock on that date as reported on the New York Stock Exchange). The number of shares outstanding of the Registrant's Common Stock as of February 20, 2012, was 2,263,204,221. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Portions of the Company's Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareowners to be held on April 25, 2012, are incorporated by reference in Part III. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/kxpj0226 Impact of New Accounting Guidance Beginning January 1, 2010, we deconsolidated certain entities as a result of the Company's adoption of new accounting guidance issued by the FASB. These entities are primarily bottling operations, and the Company accounted for them under the equity method of accounting upon deconsolidation. The entities that were deconsolidated as a result of this change in accounting guidance accounted for 3 percent of the Company's consolidated net operating revenues and less than 1 percent of net income attributable to shareowners of The Coca-Cola Company in 2009. Refer to the heading "Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates - Principles of Consolidation" above. These entities accounted for 4 percent of the Company's equity income in 2010. Refer to the heading "Equity Income (Loss) - Net" below. The impact that the deconsolidation of these entities had on net operating revenues was included as a structural change. Refer to the heading "Net Operating Revenues" below. Beverage Volume We measure the volume of Company beverage products sold in two ways: (1) unit cases of finished products and (2) concentrate sales. As used in this report, "unit case" means a unit of measurement equal to 192 U.S. fluid ounces of finished beverage (24 eight-ounce servings); and "unit case volume" means the number of unit cases (or unit case equivalents) of Company beverage products directly or indirectly sold by the Company and its bottling partners to customers. Unit case volume primarily consists of beverage products bearing Company trademarks. Also included in unit case volume are certain products licensed to, or distributed by, our Company, and brands owned by Coca-Cola system bottlers for which our Company provides marketing support and from the sale of which we derive economic benefit. In addition, unit case volume includes sales by joint ventures in which the Company has an equity interest. We believe unit case volume is one of the measures of the underlying strength of the Coca-Cola system because it measures trends at the consumer level. The unit case volume numbers used in this report are derived based on estimates received by the Company from its bottling partners and distributors. Concentrate sales volume represents the amount of concentrates and syrups (in all cases expressed in equivalent unit cases) sold by, or used in finished beverages sold by, the Company to its bottling partners or other customers. Unit case volume and concentrate sales volume growth rates are not necessarily equal during any given period. Factors such as seasonality, bottlers' inventory practices, supply point changes, timing of price increases, new product introductions and changes in product mix can impact unit case volume and concentrate sales volume and can create differences between unit case volume and concentrate sales volume growth rates. In addition to the items mentioned above, the impact of unit case volume from certain joint ventures, in which the Company has an equity interest, but to which the Company does not sell concentrates or syrups, may give rise to differences between unit case volume and concentrate sales volume growth rates. Information about our volume growth by operating segment is as follows: Percent Change 2011 vs. 2010 2010 vs. 2009 Concentrate Concentrate Year Ended December 31, Unit Cases1,2 Sales Unit Cases1,2 Sales Worldwide 5% 5% 5% 5% Eurasia & Africa 6% 5% 12% 12% Europe 2 1 - - Latin America 6 5 5 7 North America 4 4 2 2 Pacific 5 6 6 6 Bottling Investments - N/A (1) N/A 1 Bottling Investments operating segment data reflects unit case volume growth for consolidated bottlers only. 2 Geographic segment data reflects unit case volume growth for all bottlers in the applicable geographic areas, both consolidated and unconsolidated. 47 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/kxpj0226 Unit Case Volume The Coca-Cola system sold approximately 26.7 billion unit cases of our products in 2011, approximately 25.5 billion unit cases in 2010 and approximately 24.4 billion unit cases in 2009. Year Ended December 31, 2011, versus Year Ended December 31, 2010 In Eurasia and Africa, unit case volume increased 6 percent, which consisted of 5 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 13 percent growth in still beverages. The group's unit case volume growth was largely due to growth in our key markets, including India and Turkey. India experienced 12 percent unit case volume growth, which consisted of 12 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 11 percent growth in still beverages. India's growth in sparkling beverages was primarily due to 17 percent growth in Trademark Sprite, 15 percent growth in Trademark Thums Up and 11 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola. Still beverages in India benefited from 14 percent growth in our Kinley water brand and 11 percent growth in Maaza, a component of our juice portfolio in India. The group also benefited from unit case volume growth of 10 percent in Turkey, which included strong growth in brand Coca-Cola. Unit case volume grew 5 percent in Russia, primarily due to our acquisition of Nidan in the third quarter of 2010. Excluding the impact of the acquired Nidan juice, Russia's overall unit case volume declined 2 percent in 2011. Eurasia and Africa also benefited from unit case volume growth of 8 percent in the Company's Middle East and North Africa Business Unit despite ongoing geopolitical challenges in the region. The group's unit case volume growth in the markets described above was partially offset by a 2 percent unit case volume decline in South Africa. This decline was primarily due to the impact of unfavorable weather conditions during our peak summer selling season as well as higher pricing in the marketplace. Unit case volume in Europe increased 2 percent, despite an unseasonably cold and rainy summer selling season and moderate consumer confidence. The Company achieved these results by strategically tailoring our price and package offerings to meet the needs of each market with consideration for the current economic environment. The group benefited from the Company's successful launch of our 125th anniversary marketing campaign as well as other integrated marketing campaigns. The group had 2 percent growth in sparkling beverages, including 3 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola and growth of 14 percent in Coca-Cola Zero. Unit case volume for still beverages increased 2 percent, led by growth in energy drinks and tea. Germany's unit case volume increased 6 percent, primarily attributable to 6 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola and 13 percent growth in Trademark Fanta. Our German business continued to benefit from the Company's bottler restructuring efforts and our effective marketing campaigns. In addition, France and Great Britain had growth of 5 percent and 4 percent, respectively, each led by growth in Trademark Coca-Cola. In Latin America, unit case volume increased 6 percent, which consisted of 4 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 15 percent growth in still beverages. The group's sparkling beverage unit case volume growth was led by 4 percent growth in brand Coca-Cola. Still beverages benefited from the successful performance of Del Valle as well as strong growth in other still beverages, including water and tea. Mexico had unit case volume growth of 9 percent, led by 7 percent growth in sparkling beverages, which included 7 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola. In addition, Argentina had 10 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola which contributed to its overall unit case volume growth of 10 percent. Argentina's unit case volume growth benefited from strong integrated marketing campaigns, including sponsorship of the Copa America soccer tournament in July. Brazil's unit case volume increased 1 percent despite a general slowdown in the country's economy. The group's unit case volume growth in the markets described above was partially offset by a 10 percent volume decline in Venezuela. The decline in Venezuela is a reflection of the continued economic and political pressures affecting the country. Unit case volume in North America increased 4 percent, including 3 percent growth attributable to the new license agreements with DPS. The group's unit case volume growth was driven by 3 percent growth in sparkling beverages, primarily due to the sale of Dr Pepper brands under the new license agreements. Coca-Cola Zero continued its strong performance in North America with 11 percent unit case volume growth. Unit case volume for still beverages in North America increased 4 percent, including 12 percent growth in Trademark Powerade, 10 percent growth in Trademark Dasani and 48 percent growth in Gold Peak. The growth in still beverages in North America was partially offset by a decline of 2 percent in juice and juice drinks, a reflection of increased pricing to offset commodity costs. In December 2011, the Company acquired Great Plains Coca-Cola Bottling Company ("Great Plains") in the United States. As a result of this acquisition, we will report volume from cross-licensed brands, primarily Dr Pepper, that were previously distributed by Great Plains. Unit case volume for these cross-licensed brands was 12 million unit cases for full year 2011. The Company began reporting unit case volume for these cross-licensed brands in December 2011. 48 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/kxpj0226 In Pacific, unit case volume increased 5 percent, which consisted of 4 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 8 percent growth in still beverages. The group's volume growth was led by 13 percent growth in China, which included 12 percent growth in sparkling beverages attributable to strong growth in Trademark Sprite, Coca-Cola and Fanta. The group also benefited from China's 16 percent growth in still beverages, including strong growth in Minute Maid Pulpy and other still beverages, including water. In Japan, unit case volume growth was even, reflecting the impact of the earthquake and tsunami that devastated the northern and eastern portions of the country on March 11, 2011. The group's unit case volume growth in the markets described above was partially offset by a 9 percent volume decline in the Philippines. Unit case volume for Bottling Investments was even when compared to the prior year. The group had growth in key markets where we own or otherwise consolidate bottling operations, including unit case volume growth of 13 percent in China, 12 percent in India and 6 percent in Germany. The Company's consolidated bottling operations accounted for 34 percent, 66 percent and 100 percent of the unit case volume in China, India and Germany, respectively. However, growth in these markets was offset by the unfavorable impact of the Company's sale of our Norwegian and Swedish bottling operations to New CCE during the fourth quarter of 2010 as well as a unit case volume decline of 9 percent in the Philippines where we own 100 percent of the country's bottling operations. Year Ended December 31, 2010, versus Year Ended December 31, 2009 In Eurasia and Africa, unit case volume increased 12 percent, which consisted of 10 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 21 percent growth in still beverages. The group's unit case volume growth was primarily attributable to 17 percent growth in India, which included growth of 15 percent and 23 percent in sparkling and still beverages, respectively. India's growth in sparkling beverages was led by double-digit growth in Trademarks Sprite, Thums Up and Coca-Cola, which reflected the benefit of successful national marketing programs. Still beverage growth in India included the impact of 22 percent growth in our Maaza juice brand. In addition to growth in India, the group's unit case volume growth included 14 percent growth in Turkey, 8 percent growth in North and West Africa, 16 percent growth in Russia, 20 percent growth in Southern Eurasia, 12 percent growth in East and Central Africa and 5 percent growth in South Africa. The growth across the African continent was attributable to the strong performance of both sparkling and still beverages and the benefit of our FIFA World CupTM activation programs. Unit case volume in Europe was even, which reflected the impact of continuing difficult macroeconomic conditions throughout certain regions in Europe. The group's unit case volume included unit case volume growth of 5 percent in France, 1 percent in Germany and 2 percent in our Nordic Business Unit. The growth in these regions was offset by unit case volume declines in other regions, including a 7 percent decline in South and Eastern Europe, primarily due to continuing macroeconomic pressures. The group's unit case volume also included unit case volume declines of 2 percent and 1 percent in Italy and Iberia, respectively. In Latin America, unit case volume increased 5 percent, which consisted of 4 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 9 percent growth in still beverages. The group's unit case volume growth was led by 11 percent growth in Brazil and 3 percent growth in Mexico. Brazil's unit case volume growth was primarily due to 11 percent growth in sparkling beverages, led by 11 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola. Mexico's unit case volume growth was impacted by adverse weather conditions. The group's unit case volume growth also included 5 percent growth in our South Latin Business Unit. All of the aforementioned markets benefited from our strong FIFA World CupTM activation programs. Unit case volume in North America increased 2 percent, including 1 percent attributable to the new license agreements with DPS. The group's unit case volume growth was driven by 5 percent growth in still beverages, led by 19 percent growth in Trademark Powerade, 12 percent growth in teas and 23 percent growth in Trademark Simply. Unit case volume for sparkling beverages in North America increased 1 percent, primarily due to the sale of DPS brands under the new license agreements. Coca-Cola Zero continued its strong performance in North America with 15 percent growth in 2010. The group's strong marketing initiatives, including our FIFA World CupTM activation programs, contributed to the unit case volume growth in North America. The volume and net operating revenues attributable to the sale of DPS brands have been included as a structural change in our analysis of net operating revenues. Refer to the heading "Net Operating Revenues" below and "Structural Changes, Acquired Brands and New License Agreements" above. In Pacific, unit case volume increased 6 percent, which consisted of 13 percent growth in still beverages and 2 percent growth in sparkling beverages. The group's volume growth was led by 6 percent growth in China, 15 percent growth in the Philippines and 3 percent growth in Japan. China's volume growth included 21 percent growth in juices and juice drinks primarily due to the continued strong momentum of Minute Maid Pulpy, as well as strong growth in other still beverages including water. Tough weather conditions, including flooding in the higher per capita consumption regions, negatively impacted unit case volume in China. In the Philippines, unit case volume growth was led by 14 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola. In Japan, the unit case volume growth was driven by successful in-market activations, strong innovation and favorable weather conditions. 49 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/kxpj0226 Included in Japan's unit case volume growth was 5 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola, primarily due to strong FIFA World CupTM activation programs and our Coca-Cola Summer Promotion. Japan's unit case volume growth also benefited from 17 percent growth in sports drinks. Unit case volume for Bottling Investments decreased 1 percent, primarily due to the deconsolidation of certain entities as a result of the Company's adoption of new accounting guidance issued by the FASB. These entities are primarily bottling operations and have been accounted for under the equity method of accounting since they were deconsolidated on January 1, 2010. Refer to the heading "Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates - Principles of Consolidation" and "Structural Changes, Acquired Brands and New License Agreements" above. The deconsolidation of these entities negatively impacted the unit case volume for Bottling Investments by approximately 9 percent. Unit case volume for Bottling Investments was also negatively impacted by the sale of our Norwegian and Swedish bottling operations to New CCE. The unfavorable impact of the aforementioned items was partially offset by growth in markets where we own or otherwise consolidate the bottling operations. Unit case volume grew 6 percent in China, 17 percent in India, 15 percent in the Philippines and 1 percent in Germany. The Company's consolidated bottling operations account for 33 percent, 66 percent, 100 percent and 100 percent of the unit case volume in China, India, the Philippines and Germany, respectively. Concentrate Sales Volume In 2011, concentrate sales volume and unit case volume both grew 5 percent compared to 2010. Likewise, in 2010, concentrate sales volume and unit case volume both grew 5 percent compared to 2009. The differences between concentrate sales volume and unit case volume growth rates for individual operating segments in 2011 and 2010 were primarily due to the timing of concentrate shipments and the impact of unit case volume from certain joint ventures in which the Company has an equity interest, but to which the Company does not sell concentrates, syrups, beverage bases or powders. 50 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/kxpj0226 Analysis of Consolidated Statements of Income Percent Change Year Ended December 31, 2011 2010 2009 2011 vs. 2010 2010 vs. 2009 (In millions except percentages and per share data) NET OPERATING REVENUES $ 46,542 $ 35,119 $ 30,990 33% 13% Cost of goods sold 18,216 12,693 11,088 44 14 GROSS PROFIT 28,326 22,426 19,902 26 13 GROSS PROFIT MARGIN 60.9% 63.9% 64.2% Selling, general and administrative expenses 17,440 13,158 11,358 33 16 Other operating charges 732 819 313 * * OPERATING INCOME 10,154 8,449 8,231 20 3 OPERATING MARGIN 21.8% 24.1% 26.6% Interest income 483 317 249 52 27 Interest expense 417 733 355 (43) 106 Equity income (loss) - net 690 1,025 781 (33) 31 Other income (loss) - net 529 5,185 40 * * INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES 11,439 14,243 8,946 (20) 59 Income taxes 2,805 2,384 2,040 18 17 Effective tax rate 24.5% 16.7% 22.8% CONSOLIDATED NET INCOME 8,634 11,859 6,906 (27) 72 Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 62 50 82 24 (39) NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO SHAREOWNERS OF THE COCA-COLA COMPANY $ 8,572 $ 11,809 $ 6,824 (27)% 73% BASIC NET INCOME PER SHARE¹ $ 3.75 $ 5.12 $ 2.95 (27)% 74% DILUTED NET INCOME PER SHARE¹ $ 3.69 $ 5.06 $ 2.93 (27)% 73% * Calculation is not meaningful. 1 Basic net income per share and diluted net income per share are calculated based on net income attributable to shareowners of The Coca-Cola Company. T. 51 Source: :https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/kxpj0226 Net Operating Revenues Year Ended December 31, 2011, versus Year Ended December 31, 2010 The Company's net operating revenues increased $11,423 million, or 33 percent. Net operating revenues for the North America operating segment increased $9,366 million, or 84 percent. This increase primarily reflects the impact of structural changes related to the acquisition of CCE's North American operations in addition to the impact of our new license agreements with DPS. Net operating revenues for the North America operating segment also included a 1 percent increase in pricing to retailers, driven by a 2 percent increase in pricing on sparkling beverages, and a 1 percent favorable impact due to foreign currency exchange fluctuations. The following table illustrates, on a percentage basis, the estimated impact of key factors resulting in the increase (decrease) in net operating revenues for each of our international and Bottling Investments operating segments: Percent Change 2011 vs. 2010 Structural Price, Product & Currency Volume2 Changes Geographic Mix Fluctuations Total International (including Bottling Investments¹ 5% (3)% 2% 4% 8% Eurasia & Africa 5% -% 7% (1)% 11% Europe 1 - - 3 4 Latin America 5 (2) 7 4 14 Pacific 6 - (2) 7 11 Bottling Investments 4 (8) 3 4 3 1 Represents the total change in net operating revenues for Bottling Investments and each of our geographic operating segments, excluding North America. 2 Represents the percent change in net operating revenues attributable to the increase (decrease) in concentrate sales volume for our geographic operating segments (expressed in equivalent unit cases). For our Bottling Investments operating segment, this represents the percent change in net operating revenues attributable to the increase (decrease) in unit case volume for the Bottling Investments operating segment after considering the impact of structural changes. Our Bottling Investments operating segment data reflects unit case volume growth for consolidated bottlers only. Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume" above. Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume" above for additional information related to changes in our unit case and concentrate sales volume. The structural change in the Bottling Investments operating segment was primarily related to the sale of all our ownership interests in our Norwegian and Swedish bottling operations to New CCE on October 2, 2010. Refer to the heading "Structural Changes, Acquired Brands and New License Agreements" above. The structural change in the Latin America operating segment was related to the sale of 50 percent of our investment in Leão Junior, S.A. ("Leão Junior") during the third quarter of 2010. Price, product and geographic mix had a favorable 2 percent impact on our international and Bottling Investments net operating revenues. Price, product and geographic mix for our operating segments was impacted by a variety of factors and events including, but not limited to, the following: Our international and Bottling Investments operating segments' results were unfavorably impacted by geographic mix as a result of growth in our emerging and developing markets. The revenue per unit sold in these markets is generally less than in developed markets; Eurasia and Africa was favorably impacted by price mix as a result of pricing increases in a number of key markets; Europe's price mix was even, including a negative 1 percent impact as a result of a change in our concentrate pricing strategy in Germany with our consolidated bottler; Latin America was favorably impacted by price mix as a result of pricing increases in a number of key markets. Also, still beverages grew faster than sparkling beverages in Latin America, bolstered by the strong performance of Del Valle; Pacific was unfavorably impacted by geographic mix due to the growth in emerging and developing markets. The revenue per unit sold in these markets is generally less than in developed markets; Pacific was unfavorably impacted by channel and product mix due to the earthquake and tsunami that devastated 52 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/kxpj0226 Analysis of Consolidated Statements of Income Percent Change Year Ended December 31, 2011 2010 2009 2011 vs. 2010 2010 vs. 2009 (In millions except percentages and per share data) NET OPERATING REVENUES $ 46,542 $ 35,119 $ 30,990 33% 13% Cost of goods sold 18,216 12,693 11,088 44 14 GROSS PROFIT 28,326 22,426 19,902 26 13 GROSS PROFIT MARGIN 60.9% 63.9% 64.2% Selling, general and administrative expenses 17,440 13,158 11,358 33 16 Other operating charges 732 819 313 * * OPERATING INCOME 10,154 8,449 8,231 20 3 OPERATING MARGIN 21.8% 24.1% 26.6% Interest income 483 317 249 52 27 Interest expense 417 733 355 (43) 106 Equity income (loss) - net 690 1,025 781 (33) 31 Other income (loss) - net 529 5,185 40 * * INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES 11,439 14,243 8,946 (20) 59 Income taxes 2,805 2,384 2,040 18 17 Effective tax rate 24.5% 16.7% 22.8% CONSOLIDATED NET INCOME 8,634 11,859 6,906 (27) 72 Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 62 50 82 24 (39) NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO SHAREOWNERS OF THE COCA-COLA COMPANY $ 8,572 $ 11,809 $ 6,824 (27)% 73% BASIC NET INCOME PER SHARE¹ $ 3.75 $ 5.12 $ 2.95 (27)% 74% DILUTED NET INCOME PER SHARE¹ $ 5.06 $ 2.93 (27)% 73% * Calculation is not meaningful. 1 Basic net income per share and diluted net income per share are calculated based on net income attributable to shareowners of The Coca-Cola Company. 51 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/kxpj0226 Net Operating Revenues Year Ended December 31, 2011, versus Year Ended December 31, 2010 The Company's net operating revenues increased $11,423 million, or 33 percent. Net operating revenues for the North America operating segment increased $9,366 million, or 84 percent. This increase primarily reflects the impact of structural changes related to the acquisition of CCE's North American operations in addition to the impact of our new license agreements with DPS. Net operating revenues for the North America operating segment also included a 1 percent increase in pricing to retailers, driven by a 2 percent increase in pricing on sparkling beverages, and a 1 percent favorable impact due to foreign currency exchange fluctuations. The following table illustrates, on a percentage basis, the estimated impact of key factors resulting in the increase (decrease) in , net operating revenues for each of our international and Bottling Investments operating segments: Percent Change 2011 vs. 2010 Structural Price, Product & Currency Volume2 Changes Geographic Mix Fluctuations Total International (including Bottling Investments¹ (3)% 2% 4% 8% Eurasia & Africa 5% -% 7% (1)% 11% Europe 1 - - 3 4 Latin America 5 (2) 7 4 14 Pacific 6 - (2) 7 11 Bottling Investments 4 (8) 3 4 3 1 Represents the total change in net operating revenues for Bottling Investments and each of our geographic operating segments, excluding North America. 2 Represents the percent change in net operating revenues attributable to the increase (decrease) in concentrate sales volume for our geographic operating segments (expressed in equivalent unit cases). For our Bottling Investments operating segment, this represents the percent change in net operating revenues attributable to the increase (decrease) in unit case volume for the Bottling Investments operating segment after considering the impact of structural changes. Our Bottling Investments operating segment data reflects unit case volume growth for consolidated bottlers only. Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume" above. Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume" above for additional information related to changes in our unit case and concentrate sales volume. The structural change in the Bottling Investments operating segment was primarily related to the sale of all our ownership interests in our Norwegian and Swedish bottling operations to New CCE on October 2, 2010. Refer to the heading "Structural Changes, Acquired Brands and New License Agreements" above. The structural change in the Latin America operating segment was related to the sale of 50 percent of our investment in Leão Junior, S.A. ("Leão Junior") during the third quarter of 2010. Price, product and geographic mix had a favorable 2 percent impact on our international and Bottling Investments net operating revenues. Price, product and geographic mix for our operating segments was impacted by a variety of factors and events including, but not limited to, the following: Our international and Bottling Investments operating segments' results were unfavorably impacted by geographic mix as a result of growth in our emerging and developing markets. The revenue per unit sold in these markets is generally less than in developed markets; Eurasia and Africa was favorably impacted by price mix as a result of pricing increases in a number of key markets; Europe's price mix was even, including a negative 1 percent impact as a result of a change in our concentrate pricing strategy in Germany with our consolidated bottler; Latin America was favorably impacted by price mix as a result of pricing increases in a number of key markets. Also, still beverages grew faster than sparkling beverages in Latin America, bolstered by the strong performance of Del Valle; Pacific was unfavorably impacted by geographic mix due to the growth in emerging and developing markets. The revenue per unit sold in these markets is generally less than in developed markets; Pacific was unfavorably impacted by channel and product mix due to the earthquake and tsunami that devastated 52 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/kxpj022( northern and eastern Japan on March 11, 2011; and Bottling Investments was favorably impacted by price mix as a result of pricing increases in a number of key markets, including China, India and Latin America. The favorable impact of foreign currency fluctuations increased net operating revenues for our international and Bottling Investments operating segments by 4 percent. The favorable impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates was primarily due to a weaker U.S. dollar compared to certain other foreign currencies, including the euro, Japanese yen, Mexican peso, Brazilian real, British pound, South African rand and Australian dollar, which had a favorable impact on the Eurasia and Africa, Europe, Latin America, Pacific and Bottling Investments operating segments. Refer to the heading "Liquidity, Capital Resources and Financial Position - Foreign Exchange." Year Ended December 31, 2010, versus Year Ended December 31, 2009 Net operating revenues increased $4,129 million, or 13 percent. The following table illustrates, on a percentage basis, the estimated impact of key factors resulting in the increase (decrease) in net operating revenues by operating segment: Percent Change 2010 vs. 2009 Structural Changes Price, Product & Currency Volume¹ Volume2 Other Geographic Mix Fluctuations Total Consolidated 5% -% 5% 1% 2% 13% Eurasia & Africa 12% -% -% (2)% 6% 16% Europe - - 2 1 (2) 1 Latin America 7 - (13) 9 3 6 North America 1 1 32 - 1 35 Pacific 6 - 1 (5) 6 8 Bottling Investments 10 (11) - (1) 2 - Corporate * * * * * * * Calculation is not meaningful. 1 Represents the percent change in net operating revenues attributable to the increase (decrease) in concentrate sales volume for our geographic operating segments, excluding the impact of volume associated with new license agreements (expressed in equivalent unit cases). For our Bottling Investments operating segment, this represents the percent change in net operating revenues attributable to the increase (decrease) in unit case volume for the Bottling Investments operating segment after considering the impact of structural changes. Our Bottling Investments operating segment data reflects unit case volume growth for consolidated bottlers only. Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume" above. 2 Represents the percent change in net operating revenues attributable to the increase (decrease) in concentrate sales volume related to new license agreements for our geographic operating segments. For our Bottling Investments operating segment, this represents the percent change in net operating revenues attributable to the increase (decrease) in unit case volume for the Bottling Investments operating segment due to structural changes. Our Bottling Investments operating segment data reflects unit case volume growth for consolidated bottlers only. Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume" above. Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume" above for additional information related to changes in our unit case and concentrate sales volume. Refer to the heading "Structural Changes, Acquired Brands and New License Agreements" above for additional information related to significant structural changes. Although we do not normally consider new license agreements to be structural changes, in the case of the DPS license agreements, given their correlation to our acquisition of CCE's North American business, we have included the impact of these license agreements as structural changes when explaining our 2010 financial results. Likewise, the total revenues attributable to CCE's North American business, including DPS, recognized by the Company during the three months following the date of acquisition in 2010 are considered a structural change. 53 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/kxpj0226 Price, product and geographic mix had a favorable 1 percent impact on consolidated net operating revenues. Price, product and geographic mix for our operating segments was impacted by a variety of factors and events including, but not limited to, the following: Consolidated results were unfavorably impacted by geographic mix as a result of growth in our emerging and developing markets. The growth in our emerging and developing markets resulted in unfavorable geographic mix due to the fact that the revenue per unit sold in these markets is generally less than in developed markets; Eurasia and Africa was unfavorably impacted by negative geographic mix due to the growth in emerging and developing markets such as India and Russia. The revenue per unit sold in these markets is generally less than in developed markets; Latin America was favorably impacted by pricing in a number of our key markets and the impact of still beverages growing faster than sparkling beverages; and Pacific was negatively impacted by unfavorable geographic mix due to the growth in emerging and developing markets such as China and the Philippines. The revenue per unit sold in these markets is generally less than in developed markets. The favorable impact of foreign currency fluctuations increased net operating revenues by 2 percent. The favorable impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates was primarily due to a weaker U.S. dollar compared to certain other foreign currencies, including the Japanese yen, Mexican peso, Brazilian real, South African rand and Australian dollar, which had a favorable impact on the Eurasia and Africa, Latin America, Pacific and Bottling Investments operating segments. The favorable impact of a weaker U.S. dollar compared to the aforementioned currencies was partially offset by the impact of a stronger U.S. dollar compared to certain other foreign currencies, including the euro and British pound, which had an unfavorable impact on the Europe and Bottling Investments operating segments. Refer to the heading "Liquidity, Capital Resources and Financial Position - Foreign Exchange." Net Operating Revenues by Operating Segment Information about our net operating revenues by operating segment as a percentage of Company net operating revenues is as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2011 2010 2009 Eurasia & Africa 5.8% 6.9% 6.4% Europe 10.3 12.6 13.9 Latin America 9.4 11.0 12.0 North America 44.2 31.7 26.4 Pacific 11.7 14.1 14.6 Bottling Investments 18.3 23.4 26.4 Corporate 0.3 0.3 0.3 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Net operating revenue growth rates are impacted by sales volume, structural changes, price and product/geographic mix, and foreign currency fluctuations. The percentage of the Company's net operating revenues contributed by our North America operating segment increased 12.5 percent and 5.3 percent in 2011 and 2010, respectively, as a result of our acquisition of CCE's North American business on October 2, 2010. The CCE acquisition resulted in a decrease in the proportionate share of the Company's consolidated net operating revenues contributed by our operating segments outside of North America for both 2011 and 2010. The percentage of the Company's net operating revenues contributed by our Bottling Investments operating segment decreased 5.1 percent and 3.0 percent in 2011 and 2010, respectively, primarily due to the sale of our Norwegian and Swedish bottling operations to New CCE and the segment's proportionate decrease in the Company's consolidated net operating revenues due to the CCE acquisition in North America. Refer to the heading "Structural Changes, Acquired Brands and New License Agreements" above. The size and timing of structural changes are not consistent from period to period. As a result, anticipating the impact of such events on future net operating revenues, and other financial statement line items, usually is not possible. We expect structural changes to have an impact on our consolidated financial statements in future periods. 54 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/kxpj0226

Where is One Coca-Cola Plaza located?

kxpj0226

kxpj0226_p0, kxpj0226_p1, kxpj0226_p2, kxpj0226_p3, kxpj0226_p4, kxpj0226_p5, kxpj0226_p6, kxpj0226_p7, kxpj0226_p8, kxpj0226_p9, kxpj0226_p10

Atlanta, georgia, Atlanta, Georgia

COCA - COLA , F UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011 OR TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to Commission File No. 001-02217 The CocaCola Company (Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter) DELAWARE 58-0628465 (State or other jurisdiction of (IRS Employer incorporation or organization) Identification No.) One Coca-Cola Plaza Atlanta, Georgia 30313 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (404) 676-2121 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Name of each exchange on which registered COMMON STOCK, $0.25 PAR VALUE NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes No Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes No Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes No Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes No Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): Large accelerated filer Accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer Smaller reporting company (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes No The aggregate market value of the common equity held by non-affiliates of the Registrant (assuming for these purposes, but without conceding, that all executive officers and Directors are "affiliates" of the Registrant) as of July 1, 2011, the last business day of the Registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was $148,385,503,727 (based on the closing sale price of the Registrant's Common Stock on that date as reported on the New York Stock Exchange). The number of shares outstanding of the Registrant's Common Stock as of February 20, 2012, was 2,263,204,221. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Portions of the Company's Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareowners to be held on April 25, 2012, are incorporated by reference in Part III. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/kxpj0226 Impact of New Accounting Guidance Beginning January 1, 2010, we deconsolidated certain entities as a result of the Company's adoption of new accounting guidance issued by the FASB. These entities are primarily bottling operations, and the Company accounted for them under the equity method of accounting upon deconsolidation. The entities that were deconsolidated as a result of this change in accounting guidance accounted for 3 percent of the Company's consolidated net operating revenues and less than 1 percent of net income attributable to shareowners of The Coca-Cola Company in 2009. Refer to the heading "Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates - Principles of Consolidation" above. These entities accounted for 4 percent of the Company's equity income in 2010. Refer to the heading "Equity Income (Loss) - Net" below. The impact that the deconsolidation of these entities had on net operating revenues was included as a structural change. Refer to the heading "Net Operating Revenues" below. Beverage Volume We measure the volume of Company beverage products sold in two ways: (1) unit cases of finished products and (2) concentrate sales. As used in this report, "unit case" means a unit of measurement equal to 192 U.S. fluid ounces of finished beverage (24 eight-ounce servings); and "unit case volume" means the number of unit cases (or unit case equivalents) of Company beverage products directly or indirectly sold by the Company and its bottling partners to customers. Unit case volume primarily consists of beverage products bearing Company trademarks. Also included in unit case volume are certain products licensed to, or distributed by, our Company, and brands owned by Coca-Cola system bottlers for which our Company provides marketing support and from the sale of which we derive economic benefit. In addition, unit case volume includes sales by joint ventures in which the Company has an equity interest. We believe unit case volume is one of the measures of the underlying strength of the Coca-Cola system because it measures trends at the consumer level. The unit case volume numbers used in this report are derived based on estimates received by the Company from its bottling partners and distributors. Concentrate sales volume represents the amount of concentrates and syrups (in all cases expressed in equivalent unit cases) sold by, or used in finished beverages sold by, the Company to its bottling partners or other customers. Unit case volume and concentrate sales volume growth rates are not necessarily equal during any given period. Factors such as seasonality, bottlers' inventory practices, supply point changes, timing of price increases, new product introductions and changes in product mix can impact unit case volume and concentrate sales volume and can create differences between unit case volume and concentrate sales volume growth rates. In addition to the items mentioned above, the impact of unit case volume from certain joint ventures, in which the Company has an equity interest, but to which the Company does not sell concentrates or syrups, may give rise to differences between unit case volume and concentrate sales volume growth rates. Information about our volume growth by operating segment is as follows: Percent Change 2011 vs. 2010 2010 vs. 2009 Concentrate Concentrate Year Ended December 31, Unit Cases1,2 Sales Unit Cases1,2 Sales Worldwide 5% 5% 5% 5% Eurasia & Africa 6% 5% 12% 12% Europe 2 1 - - Latin America 6 5 5 7 North America 4 4 2 2 Pacific 5 6 6 6 Bottling Investments - N/A (1) N/A 1 Bottling Investments operating segment data reflects unit case volume growth for consolidated bottlers only. 2 Geographic segment data reflects unit case volume growth for all bottlers in the applicable geographic areas, both consolidated and unconsolidated. 47 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/kxpj0226 Unit Case Volume The Coca-Cola system sold approximately 26.7 billion unit cases of our products in 2011, approximately 25.5 billion unit cases in 2010 and approximately 24.4 billion unit cases in 2009. Year Ended December 31, 2011, versus Year Ended December 31, 2010 In Eurasia and Africa, unit case volume increased 6 percent, which consisted of 5 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 13 percent growth in still beverages. The group's unit case volume growth was largely due to growth in our key markets, including India and Turkey. India experienced 12 percent unit case volume growth, which consisted of 12 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 11 percent growth in still beverages. India's growth in sparkling beverages was primarily due to 17 percent growth in Trademark Sprite, 15 percent growth in Trademark Thums Up and 11 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola. Still beverages in India benefited from 14 percent growth in our Kinley water brand and 11 percent growth in Maaza, a component of our juice portfolio in India. The group also benefited from unit case volume growth of 10 percent in Turkey, which included strong growth in brand Coca-Cola. Unit case volume grew 5 percent in Russia, primarily due to our acquisition of Nidan in the third quarter of 2010. Excluding the impact of the acquired Nidan juice, Russia's overall unit case volume declined 2 percent in 2011. Eurasia and Africa also benefited from unit case volume growth of 8 percent in the Company's Middle East and North Africa Business Unit despite ongoing geopolitical challenges in the region. The group's unit case volume growth in the markets described above was partially offset by a 2 percent unit case volume decline in South Africa. This decline was primarily due to the impact of unfavorable weather conditions during our peak summer selling season as well as higher pricing in the marketplace. Unit case volume in Europe increased 2 percent, despite an unseasonably cold and rainy summer selling season and moderate consumer confidence. The Company achieved these results by strategically tailoring our price and package offerings to meet the needs of each market with consideration for the current economic environment. The group benefited from the Company's successful launch of our 125th anniversary marketing campaign as well as other integrated marketing campaigns. The group had 2 percent growth in sparkling beverages, including 3 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola and growth of 14 percent in Coca-Cola Zero. Unit case volume for still beverages increased 2 percent, led by growth in energy drinks and tea. Germany's unit case volume increased 6 percent, primarily attributable to 6 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola and 13 percent growth in Trademark Fanta. Our German business continued to benefit from the Company's bottler restructuring efforts and our effective marketing campaigns. In addition, France and Great Britain had growth of 5 percent and 4 percent, respectively, each led by growth in Trademark Coca-Cola. In Latin America, unit case volume increased 6 percent, which consisted of 4 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 15 percent growth in still beverages. The group's sparkling beverage unit case volume growth was led by 4 percent growth in brand Coca-Cola. Still beverages benefited from the successful performance of Del Valle as well as strong growth in other still beverages, including water and tea. Mexico had unit case volume growth of 9 percent, led by 7 percent growth in sparkling beverages, which included 7 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola. In addition, Argentina had 10 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola which contributed to its overall unit case volume growth of 10 percent. Argentina's unit case volume growth benefited from strong integrated marketing campaigns, including sponsorship of the Copa America soccer tournament in July. Brazil's unit case volume increased 1 percent despite a general slowdown in the country's economy. The group's unit case volume growth in the markets described above was partially offset by a 10 percent volume decline in Venezuela. The decline in Venezuela is a reflection of the continued economic and political pressures affecting the country. Unit case volume in North America increased 4 percent, including 3 percent growth attributable to the new license agreements with DPS. The group's unit case volume growth was driven by 3 percent growth in sparkling beverages, primarily due to the sale of Dr Pepper brands under the new license agreements. Coca-Cola Zero continued its strong performance in North America with 11 percent unit case volume growth. Unit case volume for still beverages in North America increased 4 percent, including 12 percent growth in Trademark Powerade, 10 percent growth in Trademark Dasani and 48 percent growth in Gold Peak. The growth in still beverages in North America was partially offset by a decline of 2 percent in juice and juice drinks, a reflection of increased pricing to offset commodity costs. In December 2011, the Company acquired Great Plains Coca-Cola Bottling Company ("Great Plains") in the United States. As a result of this acquisition, we will report volume from cross-licensed brands, primarily Dr Pepper, that were previously distributed by Great Plains. Unit case volume for these cross-licensed brands was 12 million unit cases for full year 2011. The Company began reporting unit case volume for these cross-licensed brands in December 2011. 48 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/kxpj0226 In Pacific, unit case volume increased 5 percent, which consisted of 4 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 8 percent growth in still beverages. The group's volume growth was led by 13 percent growth in China, which included 12 percent growth in sparkling beverages attributable to strong growth in Trademark Sprite, Coca-Cola and Fanta. The group also benefited from China's 16 percent growth in still beverages, including strong growth in Minute Maid Pulpy and other still beverages, including water. In Japan, unit case volume growth was even, reflecting the impact of the earthquake and tsunami that devastated the northern and eastern portions of the country on March 11, 2011. The group's unit case volume growth in the markets described above was partially offset by a 9 percent volume decline in the Philippines. Unit case volume for Bottling Investments was even when compared to the prior year. The group had growth in key markets where we own or otherwise consolidate bottling operations, including unit case volume growth of 13 percent in China, 12 percent in India and 6 percent in Germany. The Company's consolidated bottling operations accounted for 34 percent, 66 percent and 100 percent of the unit case volume in China, India and Germany, respectively. However, growth in these markets was offset by the unfavorable impact of the Company's sale of our Norwegian and Swedish bottling operations to New CCE during the fourth quarter of 2010 as well as a unit case volume decline of 9 percent in the Philippines where we own 100 percent of the country's bottling operations. Year Ended December 31, 2010, versus Year Ended December 31, 2009 In Eurasia and Africa, unit case volume increased 12 percent, which consisted of 10 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 21 percent growth in still beverages. The group's unit case volume growth was primarily attributable to 17 percent growth in India, which included growth of 15 percent and 23 percent in sparkling and still beverages, respectively. India's growth in sparkling beverages was led by double-digit growth in Trademarks Sprite, Thums Up and Coca-Cola, which reflected the benefit of successful national marketing programs. Still beverage growth in India included the impact of 22 percent growth in our Maaza juice brand. In addition to growth in India, the group's unit case volume growth included 14 percent growth in Turkey, 8 percent growth in North and West Africa, 16 percent growth in Russia, 20 percent growth in Southern Eurasia, 12 percent growth in East and Central Africa and 5 percent growth in South Africa. The growth across the African continent was attributable to the strong performance of both sparkling and still beverages and the benefit of our FIFA World CupTM activation programs. Unit case volume in Europe was even, which reflected the impact of continuing difficult macroeconomic conditions throughout certain regions in Europe. The group's unit case volume included unit case volume growth of 5 percent in France, 1 percent in Germany and 2 percent in our Nordic Business Unit. The growth in these regions was offset by unit case volume declines in other regions, including a 7 percent decline in South and Eastern Europe, primarily due to continuing macroeconomic pressures. The group's unit case volume also included unit case volume declines of 2 percent and 1 percent in Italy and Iberia, respectively. In Latin America, unit case volume increased 5 percent, which consisted of 4 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 9 percent growth in still beverages. The group's unit case volume growth was led by 11 percent growth in Brazil and 3 percent growth in Mexico. Brazil's unit case volume growth was primarily due to 11 percent growth in sparkling beverages, led by 11 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola. Mexico's unit case volume growth was impacted by adverse weather conditions. The group's unit case volume growth also included 5 percent growth in our South Latin Business Unit. All of the aforementioned markets benefited from our strong FIFA World CupTM activation programs. Unit case volume in North America increased 2 percent, including 1 percent attributable to the new license agreements with DPS. The group's unit case volume growth was driven by 5 percent growth in still beverages, led by 19 percent growth in Trademark Powerade, 12 percent growth in teas and 23 percent growth in Trademark Simply. Unit case volume for sparkling beverages in North America increased 1 percent, primarily due to the sale of DPS brands under the new license agreements. Coca-Cola Zero continued its strong performance in North America with 15 percent growth in 2010. The group's strong marketing initiatives, including our FIFA World CupTM activation programs, contributed to the unit case volume growth in North America. The volume and net operating revenues attributable to the sale of DPS brands have been included as a structural change in our analysis of net operating revenues. Refer to the heading "Net Operating Revenues" below and "Structural Changes, Acquired Brands and New License Agreements" above. In Pacific, unit case volume increased 6 percent, which consisted of 13 percent growth in still beverages and 2 percent growth in sparkling beverages. The group's volume growth was led by 6 percent growth in China, 15 percent growth in the Philippines and 3 percent growth in Japan. China's volume growth included 21 percent growth in juices and juice drinks primarily due to the continued strong momentum of Minute Maid Pulpy, as well as strong growth in other still beverages including water. Tough weather conditions, including flooding in the higher per capita consumption regions, negatively impacted unit case volume in China. In the Philippines, unit case volume growth was led by 14 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola. In Japan, the unit case volume growth was driven by successful in-market activations, strong innovation and favorable weather conditions. 49 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/kxpj0226 Included in Japan's unit case volume growth was 5 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola, primarily due to strong FIFA World CupTM activation programs and our Coca-Cola Summer Promotion. Japan's unit case volume growth also benefited from 17 percent growth in sports drinks. Unit case volume for Bottling Investments decreased 1 percent, primarily due to the deconsolidation of certain entities as a result of the Company's adoption of new accounting guidance issued by the FASB. These entities are primarily bottling operations and have been accounted for under the equity method of accounting since they were deconsolidated on January 1, 2010. Refer to the heading "Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates - Principles of Consolidation" and "Structural Changes, Acquired Brands and New License Agreements" above. The deconsolidation of these entities negatively impacted the unit case volume for Bottling Investments by approximately 9 percent. Unit case volume for Bottling Investments was also negatively impacted by the sale of our Norwegian and Swedish bottling operations to New CCE. The unfavorable impact of the aforementioned items was partially offset by growth in markets where we own or otherwise consolidate the bottling operations. Unit case volume grew 6 percent in China, 17 percent in India, 15 percent in the Philippines and 1 percent in Germany. The Company's consolidated bottling operations account for 33 percent, 66 percent, 100 percent and 100 percent of the unit case volume in China, India, the Philippines and Germany, respectively. Concentrate Sales Volume In 2011, concentrate sales volume and unit case volume both grew 5 percent compared to 2010. Likewise, in 2010, concentrate sales volume and unit case volume both grew 5 percent compared to 2009. The differences between concentrate sales volume and unit case volume growth rates for individual operating segments in 2011 and 2010 were primarily due to the timing of concentrate shipments and the impact of unit case volume from certain joint ventures in which the Company has an equity interest, but to which the Company does not sell concentrates, syrups, beverage bases or powders. 50 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/kxpj0226 Analysis of Consolidated Statements of Income Percent Change Year Ended December 31, 2011 2010 2009 2011 vs. 2010 2010 vs. 2009 (In millions except percentages and per share data) NET OPERATING REVENUES $ 46,542 $ 35,119 $ 30,990 33% 13% Cost of goods sold 18,216 12,693 11,088 44 14 GROSS PROFIT 28,326 22,426 19,902 26 13 GROSS PROFIT MARGIN 60.9% 63.9% 64.2% Selling, general and administrative expenses 17,440 13,158 11,358 33 16 Other operating charges 732 819 313 * * OPERATING INCOME 10,154 8,449 8,231 20 3 OPERATING MARGIN 21.8% 24.1% 26.6% Interest income 483 317 249 52 27 Interest expense 417 733 355 (43) 106 Equity income (loss) - net 690 1,025 781 (33) 31 Other income (loss) - net 529 5,185 40 * * INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES 11,439 14,243 8,946 (20) 59 Income taxes 2,805 2,384 2,040 18 17 Effective tax rate 24.5% 16.7% 22.8% CONSOLIDATED NET INCOME 8,634 11,859 6,906 (27) 72 Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 62 50 82 24 (39) NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO SHAREOWNERS OF THE COCA-COLA COMPANY $ 8,572 $ 11,809 $ 6,824 (27)% 73% BASIC NET INCOME PER SHARE¹ $ 3.75 $ 5.12 $ 2.95 (27)% 74% DILUTED NET INCOME PER SHARE¹ $ 3.69 $ 5.06 $ 2.93 (27)% 73% * Calculation is not meaningful. 1 Basic net income per share and diluted net income per share are calculated based on net income attributable to shareowners of The Coca-Cola Company. T. 51 Source: :https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/kxpj0226 Net Operating Revenues Year Ended December 31, 2011, versus Year Ended December 31, 2010 The Company's net operating revenues increased $11,423 million, or 33 percent. Net operating revenues for the North America operating segment increased $9,366 million, or 84 percent. This increase primarily reflects the impact of structural changes related to the acquisition of CCE's North American operations in addition to the impact of our new license agreements with DPS. Net operating revenues for the North America operating segment also included a 1 percent increase in pricing to retailers, driven by a 2 percent increase in pricing on sparkling beverages, and a 1 percent favorable impact due to foreign currency exchange fluctuations. The following table illustrates, on a percentage basis, the estimated impact of key factors resulting in the increase (decrease) in net operating revenues for each of our international and Bottling Investments operating segments: Percent Change 2011 vs. 2010 Structural Price, Product & Currency Volume2 Changes Geographic Mix Fluctuations Total International (including Bottling Investments¹ 5% (3)% 2% 4% 8% Eurasia & Africa 5% -% 7% (1)% 11% Europe 1 - - 3 4 Latin America 5 (2) 7 4 14 Pacific 6 - (2) 7 11 Bottling Investments 4 (8) 3 4 3 1 Represents the total change in net operating revenues for Bottling Investments and each of our geographic operating segments, excluding North America. 2 Represents the percent change in net operating revenues attributable to the increase (decrease) in concentrate sales volume for our geographic operating segments (expressed in equivalent unit cases). For our Bottling Investments operating segment, this represents the percent change in net operating revenues attributable to the increase (decrease) in unit case volume for the Bottling Investments operating segment after considering the impact of structural changes. Our Bottling Investments operating segment data reflects unit case volume growth for consolidated bottlers only. Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume" above. Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume" above for additional information related to changes in our unit case and concentrate sales volume. The structural change in the Bottling Investments operating segment was primarily related to the sale of all our ownership interests in our Norwegian and Swedish bottling operations to New CCE on October 2, 2010. Refer to the heading "Structural Changes, Acquired Brands and New License Agreements" above. The structural change in the Latin America operating segment was related to the sale of 50 percent of our investment in Leão Junior, S.A. ("Leão Junior") during the third quarter of 2010. Price, product and geographic mix had a favorable 2 percent impact on our international and Bottling Investments net operating revenues. Price, product and geographic mix for our operating segments was impacted by a variety of factors and events including, but not limited to, the following: Our international and Bottling Investments operating segments' results were unfavorably impacted by geographic mix as a result of growth in our emerging and developing markets. The revenue per unit sold in these markets is generally less than in developed markets; Eurasia and Africa was favorably impacted by price mix as a result of pricing increases in a number of key markets; Europe's price mix was even, including a negative 1 percent impact as a result of a change in our concentrate pricing strategy in Germany with our consolidated bottler; Latin America was favorably impacted by price mix as a result of pricing increases in a number of key markets. Also, still beverages grew faster than sparkling beverages in Latin America, bolstered by the strong performance of Del Valle; Pacific was unfavorably impacted by geographic mix due to the growth in emerging and developing markets. The revenue per unit sold in these markets is generally less than in developed markets; Pacific was unfavorably impacted by channel and product mix due to the earthquake and tsunami that devastated 52 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/kxpj0226 Analysis of Consolidated Statements of Income Percent Change Year Ended December 31, 2011 2010 2009 2011 vs. 2010 2010 vs. 2009 (In millions except percentages and per share data) NET OPERATING REVENUES $ 46,542 $ 35,119 $ 30,990 33% 13% Cost of goods sold 18,216 12,693 11,088 44 14 GROSS PROFIT 28,326 22,426 19,902 26 13 GROSS PROFIT MARGIN 60.9% 63.9% 64.2% Selling, general and administrative expenses 17,440 13,158 11,358 33 16 Other operating charges 732 819 313 * * OPERATING INCOME 10,154 8,449 8,231 20 3 OPERATING MARGIN 21.8% 24.1% 26.6% Interest income 483 317 249 52 27 Interest expense 417 733 355 (43) 106 Equity income (loss) - net 690 1,025 781 (33) 31 Other income (loss) - net 529 5,185 40 * * INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES 11,439 14,243 8,946 (20) 59 Income taxes 2,805 2,384 2,040 18 17 Effective tax rate 24.5% 16.7% 22.8% CONSOLIDATED NET INCOME 8,634 11,859 6,906 (27) 72 Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 62 50 82 24 (39) NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO SHAREOWNERS OF THE COCA-COLA COMPANY $ 8,572 $ 11,809 $ 6,824 (27)% 73% BASIC NET INCOME PER SHARE¹ $ 3.75 $ 5.12 $ 2.95 (27)% 74% DILUTED NET INCOME PER SHARE¹ $ 5.06 $ 2.93 (27)% 73% * Calculation is not meaningful. 1 Basic net income per share and diluted net income per share are calculated based on net income attributable to shareowners of The Coca-Cola Company. 51 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/kxpj0226 Net Operating Revenues Year Ended December 31, 2011, versus Year Ended December 31, 2010 The Company's net operating revenues increased $11,423 million, or 33 percent. Net operating revenues for the North America operating segment increased $9,366 million, or 84 percent. This increase primarily reflects the impact of structural changes related to the acquisition of CCE's North American operations in addition to the impact of our new license agreements with DPS. Net operating revenues for the North America operating segment also included a 1 percent increase in pricing to retailers, driven by a 2 percent increase in pricing on sparkling beverages, and a 1 percent favorable impact due to foreign currency exchange fluctuations. The following table illustrates, on a percentage basis, the estimated impact of key factors resulting in the increase (decrease) in , net operating revenues for each of our international and Bottling Investments operating segments: Percent Change 2011 vs. 2010 Structural Price, Product & Currency Volume2 Changes Geographic Mix Fluctuations Total International (including Bottling Investments¹ (3)% 2% 4% 8% Eurasia & Africa 5% -% 7% (1)% 11% Europe 1 - - 3 4 Latin America 5 (2) 7 4 14 Pacific 6 - (2) 7 11 Bottling Investments 4 (8) 3 4 3 1 Represents the total change in net operating revenues for Bottling Investments and each of our geographic operating segments, excluding North America. 2 Represents the percent change in net operating revenues attributable to the increase (decrease) in concentrate sales volume for our geographic operating segments (expressed in equivalent unit cases). For our Bottling Investments operating segment, this represents the percent change in net operating revenues attributable to the increase (decrease) in unit case volume for the Bottling Investments operating segment after considering the impact of structural changes. Our Bottling Investments operating segment data reflects unit case volume growth for consolidated bottlers only. Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume" above. Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume" above for additional information related to changes in our unit case and concentrate sales volume. The structural change in the Bottling Investments operating segment was primarily related to the sale of all our ownership interests in our Norwegian and Swedish bottling operations to New CCE on October 2, 2010. Refer to the heading "Structural Changes, Acquired Brands and New License Agreements" above. The structural change in the Latin America operating segment was related to the sale of 50 percent of our investment in Leão Junior, S.A. ("Leão Junior") during the third quarter of 2010. Price, product and geographic mix had a favorable 2 percent impact on our international and Bottling Investments net operating revenues. Price, product and geographic mix for our operating segments was impacted by a variety of factors and events including, but not limited to, the following: Our international and Bottling Investments operating segments' results were unfavorably impacted by geographic mix as a result of growth in our emerging and developing markets. The revenue per unit sold in these markets is generally less than in developed markets; Eurasia and Africa was favorably impacted by price mix as a result of pricing increases in a number of key markets; Europe's price mix was even, including a negative 1 percent impact as a result of a change in our concentrate pricing strategy in Germany with our consolidated bottler; Latin America was favorably impacted by price mix as a result of pricing increases in a number of key markets. Also, still beverages grew faster than sparkling beverages in Latin America, bolstered by the strong performance of Del Valle; Pacific was unfavorably impacted by geographic mix due to the growth in emerging and developing markets. The revenue per unit sold in these markets is generally less than in developed markets; Pacific was unfavorably impacted by channel and product mix due to the earthquake and tsunami that devastated 52 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/kxpj022( northern and eastern Japan on March 11, 2011; and Bottling Investments was favorably impacted by price mix as a result of pricing increases in a number of key markets, including China, India and Latin America. The favorable impact of foreign currency fluctuations increased net operating revenues for our international and Bottling Investments operating segments by 4 percent. The favorable impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates was primarily due to a weaker U.S. dollar compared to certain other foreign currencies, including the euro, Japanese yen, Mexican peso, Brazilian real, British pound, South African rand and Australian dollar, which had a favorable impact on the Eurasia and Africa, Europe, Latin America, Pacific and Bottling Investments operating segments. Refer to the heading "Liquidity, Capital Resources and Financial Position - Foreign Exchange." Year Ended December 31, 2010, versus Year Ended December 31, 2009 Net operating revenues increased $4,129 million, or 13 percent. The following table illustrates, on a percentage basis, the estimated impact of key factors resulting in the increase (decrease) in net operating revenues by operating segment: Percent Change 2010 vs. 2009 Structural Changes Price, Product & Currency Volume¹ Volume2 Other Geographic Mix Fluctuations Total Consolidated 5% -% 5% 1% 2% 13% Eurasia & Africa 12% -% -% (2)% 6% 16% Europe - - 2 1 (2) 1 Latin America 7 - (13) 9 3 6 North America 1 1 32 - 1 35 Pacific 6 - 1 (5) 6 8 Bottling Investments 10 (11) - (1) 2 - Corporate * * * * * * * Calculation is not meaningful. 1 Represents the percent change in net operating revenues attributable to the increase (decrease) in concentrate sales volume for our geographic operating segments, excluding the impact of volume associated with new license agreements (expressed in equivalent unit cases). For our Bottling Investments operating segment, this represents the percent change in net operating revenues attributable to the increase (decrease) in unit case volume for the Bottling Investments operating segment after considering the impact of structural changes. Our Bottling Investments operating segment data reflects unit case volume growth for consolidated bottlers only. Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume" above. 2 Represents the percent change in net operating revenues attributable to the increase (decrease) in concentrate sales volume related to new license agreements for our geographic operating segments. For our Bottling Investments operating segment, this represents the percent change in net operating revenues attributable to the increase (decrease) in unit case volume for the Bottling Investments operating segment due to structural changes. Our Bottling Investments operating segment data reflects unit case volume growth for consolidated bottlers only. Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume" above. Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume" above for additional information related to changes in our unit case and concentrate sales volume. Refer to the heading "Structural Changes, Acquired Brands and New License Agreements" above for additional information related to significant structural changes. Although we do not normally consider new license agreements to be structural changes, in the case of the DPS license agreements, given their correlation to our acquisition of CCE's North American business, we have included the impact of these license agreements as structural changes when explaining our 2010 financial results. Likewise, the total revenues attributable to CCE's North American business, including DPS, recognized by the Company during the three months following the date of acquisition in 2010 are considered a structural change. 53 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/kxpj0226 Price, product and geographic mix had a favorable 1 percent impact on consolidated net operating revenues. Price, product and geographic mix for our operating segments was impacted by a variety of factors and events including, but not limited to, the following: Consolidated results were unfavorably impacted by geographic mix as a result of growth in our emerging and developing markets. The growth in our emerging and developing markets resulted in unfavorable geographic mix due to the fact that the revenue per unit sold in these markets is generally less than in developed markets; Eurasia and Africa was unfavorably impacted by negative geographic mix due to the growth in emerging and developing markets such as India and Russia. The revenue per unit sold in these markets is generally less than in developed markets; Latin America was favorably impacted by pricing in a number of our key markets and the impact of still beverages growing faster than sparkling beverages; and Pacific was negatively impacted by unfavorable geographic mix due to the growth in emerging and developing markets such as China and the Philippines. The revenue per unit sold in these markets is generally less than in developed markets. The favorable impact of foreign currency fluctuations increased net operating revenues by 2 percent. The favorable impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates was primarily due to a weaker U.S. dollar compared to certain other foreign currencies, including the Japanese yen, Mexican peso, Brazilian real, South African rand and Australian dollar, which had a favorable impact on the Eurasia and Africa, Latin America, Pacific and Bottling Investments operating segments. The favorable impact of a weaker U.S. dollar compared to the aforementioned currencies was partially offset by the impact of a stronger U.S. dollar compared to certain other foreign currencies, including the euro and British pound, which had an unfavorable impact on the Europe and Bottling Investments operating segments. Refer to the heading "Liquidity, Capital Resources and Financial Position - Foreign Exchange." Net Operating Revenues by Operating Segment Information about our net operating revenues by operating segment as a percentage of Company net operating revenues is as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2011 2010 2009 Eurasia & Africa 5.8% 6.9% 6.4% Europe 10.3 12.6 13.9 Latin America 9.4 11.0 12.0 North America 44.2 31.7 26.4 Pacific 11.7 14.1 14.6 Bottling Investments 18.3 23.4 26.4 Corporate 0.3 0.3 0.3 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Net operating revenue growth rates are impacted by sales volume, structural changes, price and product/geographic mix, and foreign currency fluctuations. The percentage of the Company's net operating revenues contributed by our North America operating segment increased 12.5 percent and 5.3 percent in 2011 and 2010, respectively, as a result of our acquisition of CCE's North American business on October 2, 2010. The CCE acquisition resulted in a decrease in the proportionate share of the Company's consolidated net operating revenues contributed by our operating segments outside of North America for both 2011 and 2010. The percentage of the Company's net operating revenues contributed by our Bottling Investments operating segment decreased 5.1 percent and 3.0 percent in 2011 and 2010, respectively, primarily due to the sale of our Norwegian and Swedish bottling operations to New CCE and the segment's proportionate decrease in the Company's consolidated net operating revenues due to the CCE acquisition in North America. Refer to the heading "Structural Changes, Acquired Brands and New License Agreements" above. The size and timing of structural changes are not consistent from period to period. As a result, anticipating the impact of such events on future net operating revenues, and other financial statement line items, usually is not possible. We expect structural changes to have an impact on our consolidated financial statements in future periods. 54 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/kxpj0226

In which year manufacture of carbonated water began ?

mtyj0226

mtyj0226_p8, mtyj0226_p9, mtyj0226_p10, mtyj0226_p11, mtyj0226_p12, mtyj0226_p13

1772

241 IS) 17'71/2.1 IN SOFT DRINKS A ll soft drink products of led to the misconception that The Coca-Cola Company "natural" foods and ingredients are wholesome beverages pro- are inherently safer than those duced in compliance with state manufactured. But it is important and federal food laws, and the to recognize that all foods- laws of more than 155 countries whether picked from your garden where we market our products. or from the grocery shelf-are made of chemicals. An additive is any substance Many of the substances added that becomes part of a food when to processed food products are added directly or indirectly during chemically identical to those any aspect of production, process- which are found in "natural" ing, storage or packaging. Many foods. For example, ascorbic acid, additives are centuries old. The or Vitamin C, is exactly the same use of salt, sugar and spices to substance, whether found in an preserve foods and enhance their orange or made in a laboratory. flavor predates the settlement of While some additives may be this country. unique to processed foods, it is There are many reasons why important to remember that they additives are intentionally used in have been extensively tested. foods and beverages. Some are Many substances found in used to maintain or improve the "natural" foods have not been nutritional value of foods. Others subjected to such rigorous testing. are used to maintain freshness by Yet it is known that some retarding spoilage and preventing "natural" foodstuffs contain changes in color, flavor and tex- substances potentially harmful if ture. Additives also help in pro- consumed in excessive amounts. cessing or preparation by retaining moisture, keeping texture consis- The Safety of Additives tent, preventing lumping or caking, Since the turn of the century, or controlling the acidity or alka- specific laws have regulated food linity of a food product. Finally, and color additives. These require certain additives enhance a prod- clear evidence that substances are uct's taste, which makes it more safe at levels of intended use appealing. before they may be added to food As the food industry attempts products. In an approval process to feed an ever-expanding world that may take several years, manu- population, additives become facturers must demonstrate that more and more important. They the proposed new additive allow manufacturers to provide achieves its intended effect. The consumers with a safe, whole- substance must also be tested in some, appetizing and economic laboratory animals to demonstrate food supply. Additives insure that its safety. Even then, the amount foods can be distributed over con- of the additive approved for use siderable distances and stored for will generally be set from 30 to long periods. However, the wide- 100 times lower than that shown spread use of food additives has to have no effect on the health of led to some misconceptions- laboratory animals. including the conclusion that all Many food substances are additives are potentially harmful. considered safe by experts because they have been used extensively Natural vs. Synthetic for a long period of time with no Recent consumer concern known harmful effects. For these about "chemicals" in food has substances, the law dispenses with (over) Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226 the extensive testing requirements flavor and color, which contribute described above. Approximately to the appeal and enjoyment of 700 substances qualify for this soft drinks. special regulatory status known as 'Generally Recognized As Safe" For more technical informa- or GRAS ingredients. tion on additives or other Because testing methods con- ingredient-related questions, tinue to improve, all categories please write or call: of food additives remain subject to ongoing safety review. This Consumer Information Center review includes a search of world Coca-Cola USA medical and scientific literature on P.O. Drawer 1734 the safety of each compound. If Atlanta, Georgia 30301 new questions are posed about an additive or GRAS ingredient, 1-800-GET COKE manufacturers can be required to (438-2653) confirm the substance's safety by conducting additional studies. Additives Used in Products of The Coca-Cola Company a All ingredients used in Consumer Information Center products manufactured by The A Division o The Coca-Coia Coca-Cola Company are either "Generally Recognized As Safe" or have met the stringent re- quirements for approval as food additives. In addition to helping to maintain product quality, these ingredients are used to provide 1/84 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 1. Boyd, E.M. Toxicity of pure foods. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1977. 2. Clydesdale, F. M., Francis, F.J. Food nutrition & you. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 1977. 3. Counsell, J.N. Natural colours for food and other uses. London, England, Applied Science Publishers, 1981. 4. Furia, T.E. Current aspects of food colorants. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1977. 5. Furia, T.E. Handbook of food additives. 2d. ed. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1975. 6. Furia, T.E. Regulatory status of direct food additives. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1980. 7. International Food Additives Council. Food additives. Atlanta, 1981, 1-13. 8. .Pontanel, G. Food additives and the consumer. Brussels, Belgium, Commission of the European Communities, 1980. 9. .Roberts, H.R., ed. Food safety. New York, John Wiley and Sons, 1981. 0.Stare, F.J., McWilliams, M. Nutrition for good health. Fullerton, California, Plycon Press, 1974. 11. The British Nutrition Foundation. Why additives? The safety of foods. London, England, 1977 Feb. 12. Whelan, E.M., Stare, F.J. Panic in the pantry. New York, The Book Press, 1975. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226 MOUTASKED ASBIGNIT IN SOFT DRINKS A ll soft drink products of Caramel color is approved The Coca-Cola Company for general use as a food color are wholesome beverages pro- by the U.S. Food and Drug duced in compliance with state Administration. and federal food laws, and the laws of more than 155 countries For more technical informa- where we market our products. tion on caramel color or other ingredient-related questions, Caramel color is the substance please write or call: you probably know as "burnt sugar" and can make in your own Consumer Information Center kitchen. Since early times, home- Coca-Cola USA makers have produced what they P.O. Drawer 1734 called "caramel" by heating sugar Atlanta, Georgia 30301 in a pan over an open flame. This type of caramel is primarily used 1-800-GET COKE for flavoring purposes. (438-2653) Today, most caramel color is used in small amounts to color foods, and its contribution to flavor is minimal. It is actually one of to the oldest and most widely used food colors. Consumer Information Center Coca Colausg Caramel color is made com- ADivision The Coca Cota Company mercially by the controlled heating of sugar or corn syrup. The result- ing dark brown liquid or solid material is used in a variety of foods and beverages including soft drinks, bakery products, soups, gravies, syrups and puddings. Caramel color is used exten- sively as a brown color, and it is a versatile color since it can be custom blended to produce exact- ly the right shade for a specific food or beverage. As a result, the science of manufacturing caramel color and the art of its use in foods have evolved systematically over the years. Today, various types of caramel color are in use with specific properties that make them suitable for all types of foods and beverages. 1/84 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Furia, T.E., Handbook of food additives. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1975. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226 CARBONATED WATER IN SOFT DRINKS A ll soft drink products of ance, taste and aroma and to The Coca-Cola Company remove certain minerals and im- are wholesome beverages pro- purities. Carbon dioxide is then duced in compliance with state dissolved in the treated water in and federal food laws, and the a device known as a carbonator. laws of more than 155 countries In most modern bottling plants, where we market our products. treated water, beverage syrup and carbon dioxide are blended Throughout history, people together to make the soft drink. have been fascinated by carbon- Like most other food ingre- ated water. The ancient Greeks dients, carbon dioxide was and Romans bathed in natural reviewed by a group of prominent mineral springs. Later, Europeans scientists for the Food and Drug drank these naturally carbonated Administration and its safety was waters for their health. confirmed. Carbonated soft drinks The manufacture of car- provide a pleasant way to satisfy bonated water began in England the body's need for liquids. Car- in 1772 when Joseph Priestley bonation also enhances a person's discovered how to entrap carbon appreciation of flavor in beverages dioxide in water. By the 1830s, the and accompanying foods. In short, use and popularity of sparkling it adds to the thirst-quenching sen- water had spread to America. sation perceived when soft drinks Soon, with the addition of sweet- are enjoyed. eners, fr ait juices and flavors, these drinks began to be enjoyed For more technical informa- for refreshment rather than for tion on carbonated water or any medicinal value. other ingredient-related ques- From the time these efferves- tions, please write or call: cent soft drinks first began to be made, the same ingredient that Consumer Information Center makes them bubble-carbon Coca-Cola USA dioxide-has been used. Carbon P.O. Drawer 1734 dioxide occurs naturally in the at- Atlanta, Georgia 30301 mosphere as a colorless, odorless 1-800-GET COKE gas. It is what we breathe out and what plants take in. In soft drinks, (438-2653) carbon dioxide produces the dis- tinctive "sparkling" quality and that "bubbling" effect as the drink is poured from the container. To carbonate a soft drink, Consumer Information Center bottlers start out by treating ordi- Coca Cola uss A Division o nary water to improve its appear- 1/84 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Evaluation of the health aspects of carbon dioxide as a food ingredient. Springfield, Virginia: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Infor- mation Service, 1980 (NTIS: PB 80 104 615). Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0228 YOU ASKED ABOUT IN SOFT DRINKS A ll soft drink products of and grains providing the greatest The Coca-Cola Company amounts. are wholesome beverages pro- Contrary to what many peo- duced in compliance with state ple believe, soft drinks are not the and federal food laws, and the major contributors to the total laws of more than 155 countries daily intake of phosphorus. None where we market our products. of the phosphorus-containing soft drinks of The Coca-Cola Company Phosphoric acid is an ingre- provides more than 30 milligrams dient which contributes to the of phosphorus in a six-ounce serv- tangy taste of "cola type" soft ing. In terms of the daily diet, a drinks, just as the citric acid found soft drink accounts for a very in lemons and oranges enhances small amount of the total phos- the flavor of lemonade and orange phorus consumed. juice. Another question sometimes Phosphoric acid contains asked about phosphoric acid in the mineral phosphorus, which is soft drinks is whether it causes an essential nutrient in the diet teeth to erode or dissolve. This and which is present in every cell concern arises because many peo- of the body. In addition to con- ple have seen demonstrations in tributing to the growth and main- which a tooth erodes or dissolves tenance of bones and teeth, phos- after being immersed in a soft phorus allows the body to use drink for several days. Unfor- other nutrients more effectively, tunately, these experiments do not particularly in the conversion demonstrate what actually hap- of proteins, carbohydrates and pens in the mouth and only serve fats to energy. to alarm people unnecessarily. Nearly all foods contain When a tooth is placed in any phosphorus. According to recent acidic solution, such as a soft drink surveys, Americans consume an or a fruit juice, and is left there for average of 1200-1600 milligrams a number of days, erosion will of phosphorus per day, with milk take place. But this is not what products, meats, meat substitutes happens in the mouth. In the (over) Source: tps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj022 mouth, teeth are exposed to a soft For more technical informa- drink for only a very short period tion on phosphoric acid or other of time and are constantly bathed ingredient-related questions, in a protective wash of saliva, please write or call: which acts to decrease the effect of the acid. Consumer Information Center The Coca-Cola Company uses Coca-Cola USA phosphoric acid in some of its P.O. Drawer 1734 products to provide a pleasant Atlanta, Georgia 30301 tartness. The acid in these bever- 1-800-GET COKE ages does not contribute to dental erosion in the course of normal (438-2653) beverage consumption. Nor does it make a significant contribution the to the total daily intake of phos- phorus. In combination with a A nutritionally-adequate, balanced diet and regular exercise, soft Consumer Information Center drinks provide a refreshing and A Division of The Coca Cola Company positive contribution to everyday living. 1/84 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 1. Greger, J.L., Krystofiak, M. Phosphorus intake of Americans. Food Technology 1982; 36(1): 78-84. 2. Intake of additives from soft drinks. Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Pro- gramme, Codex Committee on Food Additives, 1979 Sept. 3. National Research Council and National Academy of Sciences. Food and Nutri- tion Board. Recommended dietary allowances. 9th ed. Washington, D.C., 1980. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226

In how many countries coca-cola markets its products?

mtyj0226

mtyj0226_p8, mtyj0226_p9, mtyj0226_p10, mtyj0226_p11, mtyj0226_p12, mtyj0226_p13

more than 155 countries

241 IS) 17'71/2.1 IN SOFT DRINKS A ll soft drink products of led to the misconception that The Coca-Cola Company "natural" foods and ingredients are wholesome beverages pro- are inherently safer than those duced in compliance with state manufactured. But it is important and federal food laws, and the to recognize that all foods- laws of more than 155 countries whether picked from your garden where we market our products. or from the grocery shelf-are made of chemicals. An additive is any substance Many of the substances added that becomes part of a food when to processed food products are added directly or indirectly during chemically identical to those any aspect of production, process- which are found in "natural" ing, storage or packaging. Many foods. For example, ascorbic acid, additives are centuries old. The or Vitamin C, is exactly the same use of salt, sugar and spices to substance, whether found in an preserve foods and enhance their orange or made in a laboratory. flavor predates the settlement of While some additives may be this country. unique to processed foods, it is There are many reasons why important to remember that they additives are intentionally used in have been extensively tested. foods and beverages. Some are Many substances found in used to maintain or improve the "natural" foods have not been nutritional value of foods. Others subjected to such rigorous testing. are used to maintain freshness by Yet it is known that some retarding spoilage and preventing "natural" foodstuffs contain changes in color, flavor and tex- substances potentially harmful if ture. Additives also help in pro- consumed in excessive amounts. cessing or preparation by retaining moisture, keeping texture consis- The Safety of Additives tent, preventing lumping or caking, Since the turn of the century, or controlling the acidity or alka- specific laws have regulated food linity of a food product. Finally, and color additives. These require certain additives enhance a prod- clear evidence that substances are uct's taste, which makes it more safe at levels of intended use appealing. before they may be added to food As the food industry attempts products. In an approval process to feed an ever-expanding world that may take several years, manu- population, additives become facturers must demonstrate that more and more important. They the proposed new additive allow manufacturers to provide achieves its intended effect. The consumers with a safe, whole- substance must also be tested in some, appetizing and economic laboratory animals to demonstrate food supply. Additives insure that its safety. Even then, the amount foods can be distributed over con- of the additive approved for use siderable distances and stored for will generally be set from 30 to long periods. However, the wide- 100 times lower than that shown spread use of food additives has to have no effect on the health of led to some misconceptions- laboratory animals. including the conclusion that all Many food substances are additives are potentially harmful. considered safe by experts because they have been used extensively Natural vs. Synthetic for a long period of time with no Recent consumer concern known harmful effects. For these about "chemicals" in food has substances, the law dispenses with (over) Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226 the extensive testing requirements flavor and color, which contribute described above. Approximately to the appeal and enjoyment of 700 substances qualify for this soft drinks. special regulatory status known as 'Generally Recognized As Safe" For more technical informa- or GRAS ingredients. tion on additives or other Because testing methods con- ingredient-related questions, tinue to improve, all categories please write or call: of food additives remain subject to ongoing safety review. This Consumer Information Center review includes a search of world Coca-Cola USA medical and scientific literature on P.O. Drawer 1734 the safety of each compound. If Atlanta, Georgia 30301 new questions are posed about an additive or GRAS ingredient, 1-800-GET COKE manufacturers can be required to (438-2653) confirm the substance's safety by conducting additional studies. Additives Used in Products of The Coca-Cola Company a All ingredients used in Consumer Information Center products manufactured by The A Division o The Coca-Coia Coca-Cola Company are either "Generally Recognized As Safe" or have met the stringent re- quirements for approval as food additives. In addition to helping to maintain product quality, these ingredients are used to provide 1/84 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 1. Boyd, E.M. Toxicity of pure foods. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1977. 2. Clydesdale, F. M., Francis, F.J. Food nutrition & you. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 1977. 3. Counsell, J.N. Natural colours for food and other uses. London, England, Applied Science Publishers, 1981. 4. Furia, T.E. Current aspects of food colorants. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1977. 5. Furia, T.E. Handbook of food additives. 2d. ed. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1975. 6. Furia, T.E. Regulatory status of direct food additives. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1980. 7. International Food Additives Council. Food additives. Atlanta, 1981, 1-13. 8. .Pontanel, G. Food additives and the consumer. Brussels, Belgium, Commission of the European Communities, 1980. 9. .Roberts, H.R., ed. Food safety. New York, John Wiley and Sons, 1981. 0.Stare, F.J., McWilliams, M. Nutrition for good health. Fullerton, California, Plycon Press, 1974. 11. The British Nutrition Foundation. Why additives? The safety of foods. London, England, 1977 Feb. 12. Whelan, E.M., Stare, F.J. Panic in the pantry. New York, The Book Press, 1975. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226 MOUTASKED ASBIGNIT IN SOFT DRINKS A ll soft drink products of Caramel color is approved The Coca-Cola Company for general use as a food color are wholesome beverages pro- by the U.S. Food and Drug duced in compliance with state Administration. and federal food laws, and the laws of more than 155 countries For more technical informa- where we market our products. tion on caramel color or other ingredient-related questions, Caramel color is the substance please write or call: you probably know as "burnt sugar" and can make in your own Consumer Information Center kitchen. Since early times, home- Coca-Cola USA makers have produced what they P.O. Drawer 1734 called "caramel" by heating sugar Atlanta, Georgia 30301 in a pan over an open flame. This type of caramel is primarily used 1-800-GET COKE for flavoring purposes. (438-2653) Today, most caramel color is used in small amounts to color foods, and its contribution to flavor is minimal. It is actually one of to the oldest and most widely used food colors. Consumer Information Center Coca Colausg Caramel color is made com- ADivision The Coca Cota Company mercially by the controlled heating of sugar or corn syrup. The result- ing dark brown liquid or solid material is used in a variety of foods and beverages including soft drinks, bakery products, soups, gravies, syrups and puddings. Caramel color is used exten- sively as a brown color, and it is a versatile color since it can be custom blended to produce exact- ly the right shade for a specific food or beverage. As a result, the science of manufacturing caramel color and the art of its use in foods have evolved systematically over the years. Today, various types of caramel color are in use with specific properties that make them suitable for all types of foods and beverages. 1/84 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Furia, T.E., Handbook of food additives. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1975. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226 CARBONATED WATER IN SOFT DRINKS A ll soft drink products of ance, taste and aroma and to The Coca-Cola Company remove certain minerals and im- are wholesome beverages pro- purities. Carbon dioxide is then duced in compliance with state dissolved in the treated water in and federal food laws, and the a device known as a carbonator. laws of more than 155 countries In most modern bottling plants, where we market our products. treated water, beverage syrup and carbon dioxide are blended Throughout history, people together to make the soft drink. have been fascinated by carbon- Like most other food ingre- ated water. The ancient Greeks dients, carbon dioxide was and Romans bathed in natural reviewed by a group of prominent mineral springs. Later, Europeans scientists for the Food and Drug drank these naturally carbonated Administration and its safety was waters for their health. confirmed. Carbonated soft drinks The manufacture of car- provide a pleasant way to satisfy bonated water began in England the body's need for liquids. Car- in 1772 when Joseph Priestley bonation also enhances a person's discovered how to entrap carbon appreciation of flavor in beverages dioxide in water. By the 1830s, the and accompanying foods. In short, use and popularity of sparkling it adds to the thirst-quenching sen- water had spread to America. sation perceived when soft drinks Soon, with the addition of sweet- are enjoyed. eners, fr ait juices and flavors, these drinks began to be enjoyed For more technical informa- for refreshment rather than for tion on carbonated water or any medicinal value. other ingredient-related ques- From the time these efferves- tions, please write or call: cent soft drinks first began to be made, the same ingredient that Consumer Information Center makes them bubble-carbon Coca-Cola USA dioxide-has been used. Carbon P.O. Drawer 1734 dioxide occurs naturally in the at- Atlanta, Georgia 30301 mosphere as a colorless, odorless 1-800-GET COKE gas. It is what we breathe out and what plants take in. In soft drinks, (438-2653) carbon dioxide produces the dis- tinctive "sparkling" quality and that "bubbling" effect as the drink is poured from the container. To carbonate a soft drink, Consumer Information Center bottlers start out by treating ordi- Coca Cola uss A Division o nary water to improve its appear- 1/84 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Evaluation of the health aspects of carbon dioxide as a food ingredient. Springfield, Virginia: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Infor- mation Service, 1980 (NTIS: PB 80 104 615). Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0228 YOU ASKED ABOUT IN SOFT DRINKS A ll soft drink products of and grains providing the greatest The Coca-Cola Company amounts. are wholesome beverages pro- Contrary to what many peo- duced in compliance with state ple believe, soft drinks are not the and federal food laws, and the major contributors to the total laws of more than 155 countries daily intake of phosphorus. None where we market our products. of the phosphorus-containing soft drinks of The Coca-Cola Company Phosphoric acid is an ingre- provides more than 30 milligrams dient which contributes to the of phosphorus in a six-ounce serv- tangy taste of "cola type" soft ing. In terms of the daily diet, a drinks, just as the citric acid found soft drink accounts for a very in lemons and oranges enhances small amount of the total phos- the flavor of lemonade and orange phorus consumed. juice. Another question sometimes Phosphoric acid contains asked about phosphoric acid in the mineral phosphorus, which is soft drinks is whether it causes an essential nutrient in the diet teeth to erode or dissolve. This and which is present in every cell concern arises because many peo- of the body. In addition to con- ple have seen demonstrations in tributing to the growth and main- which a tooth erodes or dissolves tenance of bones and teeth, phos- after being immersed in a soft phorus allows the body to use drink for several days. Unfor- other nutrients more effectively, tunately, these experiments do not particularly in the conversion demonstrate what actually hap- of proteins, carbohydrates and pens in the mouth and only serve fats to energy. to alarm people unnecessarily. Nearly all foods contain When a tooth is placed in any phosphorus. According to recent acidic solution, such as a soft drink surveys, Americans consume an or a fruit juice, and is left there for average of 1200-1600 milligrams a number of days, erosion will of phosphorus per day, with milk take place. But this is not what products, meats, meat substitutes happens in the mouth. In the (over) Source: tps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj022 mouth, teeth are exposed to a soft For more technical informa- drink for only a very short period tion on phosphoric acid or other of time and are constantly bathed ingredient-related questions, in a protective wash of saliva, please write or call: which acts to decrease the effect of the acid. Consumer Information Center The Coca-Cola Company uses Coca-Cola USA phosphoric acid in some of its P.O. Drawer 1734 products to provide a pleasant Atlanta, Georgia 30301 tartness. The acid in these bever- 1-800-GET COKE ages does not contribute to dental erosion in the course of normal (438-2653) beverage consumption. Nor does it make a significant contribution the to the total daily intake of phos- phorus. In combination with a A nutritionally-adequate, balanced diet and regular exercise, soft Consumer Information Center drinks provide a refreshing and A Division of The Coca Cola Company positive contribution to everyday living. 1/84 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 1. Greger, J.L., Krystofiak, M. Phosphorus intake of Americans. Food Technology 1982; 36(1): 78-84. 2. Intake of additives from soft drinks. Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Pro- gramme, Codex Committee on Food Additives, 1979 Sept. 3. National Research Council and National Academy of Sciences. Food and Nutri- tion Board. Recommended dietary allowances. 9th ed. Washington, D.C., 1980. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226

What does the carbon dioxide produce in soft drinks ?

mtyj0226

mtyj0226_p8, mtyj0226_p9, mtyj0226_p10, mtyj0226_p11, mtyj0226_p12, mtyj0226_p13

produces the distinctive "sparkling" quality and that "bubbling" effect as the drink is poured from the container.

241 IS) 17'71/2.1 IN SOFT DRINKS A ll soft drink products of led to the misconception that The Coca-Cola Company "natural" foods and ingredients are wholesome beverages pro- are inherently safer than those duced in compliance with state manufactured. But it is important and federal food laws, and the to recognize that all foods- laws of more than 155 countries whether picked from your garden where we market our products. or from the grocery shelf-are made of chemicals. An additive is any substance Many of the substances added that becomes part of a food when to processed food products are added directly or indirectly during chemically identical to those any aspect of production, process- which are found in "natural" ing, storage or packaging. Many foods. For example, ascorbic acid, additives are centuries old. The or Vitamin C, is exactly the same use of salt, sugar and spices to substance, whether found in an preserve foods and enhance their orange or made in a laboratory. flavor predates the settlement of While some additives may be this country. unique to processed foods, it is There are many reasons why important to remember that they additives are intentionally used in have been extensively tested. foods and beverages. Some are Many substances found in used to maintain or improve the "natural" foods have not been nutritional value of foods. Others subjected to such rigorous testing. are used to maintain freshness by Yet it is known that some retarding spoilage and preventing "natural" foodstuffs contain changes in color, flavor and tex- substances potentially harmful if ture. Additives also help in pro- consumed in excessive amounts. cessing or preparation by retaining moisture, keeping texture consis- The Safety of Additives tent, preventing lumping or caking, Since the turn of the century, or controlling the acidity or alka- specific laws have regulated food linity of a food product. Finally, and color additives. These require certain additives enhance a prod- clear evidence that substances are uct's taste, which makes it more safe at levels of intended use appealing. before they may be added to food As the food industry attempts products. In an approval process to feed an ever-expanding world that may take several years, manu- population, additives become facturers must demonstrate that more and more important. They the proposed new additive allow manufacturers to provide achieves its intended effect. The consumers with a safe, whole- substance must also be tested in some, appetizing and economic laboratory animals to demonstrate food supply. Additives insure that its safety. Even then, the amount foods can be distributed over con- of the additive approved for use siderable distances and stored for will generally be set from 30 to long periods. However, the wide- 100 times lower than that shown spread use of food additives has to have no effect on the health of led to some misconceptions- laboratory animals. including the conclusion that all Many food substances are additives are potentially harmful. considered safe by experts because they have been used extensively Natural vs. Synthetic for a long period of time with no Recent consumer concern known harmful effects. For these about "chemicals" in food has substances, the law dispenses with (over) Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226 the extensive testing requirements flavor and color, which contribute described above. Approximately to the appeal and enjoyment of 700 substances qualify for this soft drinks. special regulatory status known as 'Generally Recognized As Safe" For more technical informa- or GRAS ingredients. tion on additives or other Because testing methods con- ingredient-related questions, tinue to improve, all categories please write or call: of food additives remain subject to ongoing safety review. This Consumer Information Center review includes a search of world Coca-Cola USA medical and scientific literature on P.O. Drawer 1734 the safety of each compound. If Atlanta, Georgia 30301 new questions are posed about an additive or GRAS ingredient, 1-800-GET COKE manufacturers can be required to (438-2653) confirm the substance's safety by conducting additional studies. Additives Used in Products of The Coca-Cola Company a All ingredients used in Consumer Information Center products manufactured by The A Division o The Coca-Coia Coca-Cola Company are either "Generally Recognized As Safe" or have met the stringent re- quirements for approval as food additives. In addition to helping to maintain product quality, these ingredients are used to provide 1/84 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 1. Boyd, E.M. Toxicity of pure foods. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1977. 2. Clydesdale, F. M., Francis, F.J. Food nutrition & you. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 1977. 3. Counsell, J.N. Natural colours for food and other uses. London, England, Applied Science Publishers, 1981. 4. Furia, T.E. Current aspects of food colorants. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1977. 5. Furia, T.E. Handbook of food additives. 2d. ed. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1975. 6. Furia, T.E. Regulatory status of direct food additives. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1980. 7. International Food Additives Council. Food additives. Atlanta, 1981, 1-13. 8. .Pontanel, G. Food additives and the consumer. Brussels, Belgium, Commission of the European Communities, 1980. 9. .Roberts, H.R., ed. Food safety. New York, John Wiley and Sons, 1981. 0.Stare, F.J., McWilliams, M. Nutrition for good health. Fullerton, California, Plycon Press, 1974. 11. The British Nutrition Foundation. Why additives? The safety of foods. London, England, 1977 Feb. 12. Whelan, E.M., Stare, F.J. Panic in the pantry. New York, The Book Press, 1975. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226 MOUTASKED ASBIGNIT IN SOFT DRINKS A ll soft drink products of Caramel color is approved The Coca-Cola Company for general use as a food color are wholesome beverages pro- by the U.S. Food and Drug duced in compliance with state Administration. and federal food laws, and the laws of more than 155 countries For more technical informa- where we market our products. tion on caramel color or other ingredient-related questions, Caramel color is the substance please write or call: you probably know as "burnt sugar" and can make in your own Consumer Information Center kitchen. Since early times, home- Coca-Cola USA makers have produced what they P.O. Drawer 1734 called "caramel" by heating sugar Atlanta, Georgia 30301 in a pan over an open flame. This type of caramel is primarily used 1-800-GET COKE for flavoring purposes. (438-2653) Today, most caramel color is used in small amounts to color foods, and its contribution to flavor is minimal. It is actually one of to the oldest and most widely used food colors. Consumer Information Center Coca Colausg Caramel color is made com- ADivision The Coca Cota Company mercially by the controlled heating of sugar or corn syrup. The result- ing dark brown liquid or solid material is used in a variety of foods and beverages including soft drinks, bakery products, soups, gravies, syrups and puddings. Caramel color is used exten- sively as a brown color, and it is a versatile color since it can be custom blended to produce exact- ly the right shade for a specific food or beverage. As a result, the science of manufacturing caramel color and the art of its use in foods have evolved systematically over the years. Today, various types of caramel color are in use with specific properties that make them suitable for all types of foods and beverages. 1/84 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Furia, T.E., Handbook of food additives. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1975. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226 CARBONATED WATER IN SOFT DRINKS A ll soft drink products of ance, taste and aroma and to The Coca-Cola Company remove certain minerals and im- are wholesome beverages pro- purities. Carbon dioxide is then duced in compliance with state dissolved in the treated water in and federal food laws, and the a device known as a carbonator. laws of more than 155 countries In most modern bottling plants, where we market our products. treated water, beverage syrup and carbon dioxide are blended Throughout history, people together to make the soft drink. have been fascinated by carbon- Like most other food ingre- ated water. The ancient Greeks dients, carbon dioxide was and Romans bathed in natural reviewed by a group of prominent mineral springs. Later, Europeans scientists for the Food and Drug drank these naturally carbonated Administration and its safety was waters for their health. confirmed. Carbonated soft drinks The manufacture of car- provide a pleasant way to satisfy bonated water began in England the body's need for liquids. Car- in 1772 when Joseph Priestley bonation also enhances a person's discovered how to entrap carbon appreciation of flavor in beverages dioxide in water. By the 1830s, the and accompanying foods. In short, use and popularity of sparkling it adds to the thirst-quenching sen- water had spread to America. sation perceived when soft drinks Soon, with the addition of sweet- are enjoyed. eners, fr ait juices and flavors, these drinks began to be enjoyed For more technical informa- for refreshment rather than for tion on carbonated water or any medicinal value. other ingredient-related ques- From the time these efferves- tions, please write or call: cent soft drinks first began to be made, the same ingredient that Consumer Information Center makes them bubble-carbon Coca-Cola USA dioxide-has been used. Carbon P.O. Drawer 1734 dioxide occurs naturally in the at- Atlanta, Georgia 30301 mosphere as a colorless, odorless 1-800-GET COKE gas. It is what we breathe out and what plants take in. In soft drinks, (438-2653) carbon dioxide produces the dis- tinctive "sparkling" quality and that "bubbling" effect as the drink is poured from the container. To carbonate a soft drink, Consumer Information Center bottlers start out by treating ordi- Coca Cola uss A Division o nary water to improve its appear- 1/84 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Evaluation of the health aspects of carbon dioxide as a food ingredient. Springfield, Virginia: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Infor- mation Service, 1980 (NTIS: PB 80 104 615). Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0228 YOU ASKED ABOUT IN SOFT DRINKS A ll soft drink products of and grains providing the greatest The Coca-Cola Company amounts. are wholesome beverages pro- Contrary to what many peo- duced in compliance with state ple believe, soft drinks are not the and federal food laws, and the major contributors to the total laws of more than 155 countries daily intake of phosphorus. None where we market our products. of the phosphorus-containing soft drinks of The Coca-Cola Company Phosphoric acid is an ingre- provides more than 30 milligrams dient which contributes to the of phosphorus in a six-ounce serv- tangy taste of "cola type" soft ing. In terms of the daily diet, a drinks, just as the citric acid found soft drink accounts for a very in lemons and oranges enhances small amount of the total phos- the flavor of lemonade and orange phorus consumed. juice. Another question sometimes Phosphoric acid contains asked about phosphoric acid in the mineral phosphorus, which is soft drinks is whether it causes an essential nutrient in the diet teeth to erode or dissolve. This and which is present in every cell concern arises because many peo- of the body. In addition to con- ple have seen demonstrations in tributing to the growth and main- which a tooth erodes or dissolves tenance of bones and teeth, phos- after being immersed in a soft phorus allows the body to use drink for several days. Unfor- other nutrients more effectively, tunately, these experiments do not particularly in the conversion demonstrate what actually hap- of proteins, carbohydrates and pens in the mouth and only serve fats to energy. to alarm people unnecessarily. Nearly all foods contain When a tooth is placed in any phosphorus. According to recent acidic solution, such as a soft drink surveys, Americans consume an or a fruit juice, and is left there for average of 1200-1600 milligrams a number of days, erosion will of phosphorus per day, with milk take place. But this is not what products, meats, meat substitutes happens in the mouth. In the (over) Source: tps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj022 mouth, teeth are exposed to a soft For more technical informa- drink for only a very short period tion on phosphoric acid or other of time and are constantly bathed ingredient-related questions, in a protective wash of saliva, please write or call: which acts to decrease the effect of the acid. Consumer Information Center The Coca-Cola Company uses Coca-Cola USA phosphoric acid in some of its P.O. Drawer 1734 products to provide a pleasant Atlanta, Georgia 30301 tartness. The acid in these bever- 1-800-GET COKE ages does not contribute to dental erosion in the course of normal (438-2653) beverage consumption. Nor does it make a significant contribution the to the total daily intake of phos- phorus. In combination with a A nutritionally-adequate, balanced diet and regular exercise, soft Consumer Information Center drinks provide a refreshing and A Division of The Coca Cola Company positive contribution to everyday living. 1/84 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 1. Greger, J.L., Krystofiak, M. Phosphorus intake of Americans. Food Technology 1982; 36(1): 78-84. 2. Intake of additives from soft drinks. Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Pro- gramme, Codex Committee on Food Additives, 1979 Sept. 3. National Research Council and National Academy of Sciences. Food and Nutri- tion Board. Recommended dietary allowances. 9th ed. Washington, D.C., 1980. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226

Who reviewed about the safety of carbon dioxide in food?

mtyj0226

mtyj0226_p8, mtyj0226_p9, mtyj0226_p10, mtyj0226_p11, mtyj0226_p12, mtyj0226_p13

by a group of prominent scientists for the food and drug administration

241 IS) 17'71/2.1 IN SOFT DRINKS A ll soft drink products of led to the misconception that The Coca-Cola Company "natural" foods and ingredients are wholesome beverages pro- are inherently safer than those duced in compliance with state manufactured. But it is important and federal food laws, and the to recognize that all foods- laws of more than 155 countries whether picked from your garden where we market our products. or from the grocery shelf-are made of chemicals. An additive is any substance Many of the substances added that becomes part of a food when to processed food products are added directly or indirectly during chemically identical to those any aspect of production, process- which are found in "natural" ing, storage or packaging. Many foods. For example, ascorbic acid, additives are centuries old. The or Vitamin C, is exactly the same use of salt, sugar and spices to substance, whether found in an preserve foods and enhance their orange or made in a laboratory. flavor predates the settlement of While some additives may be this country. unique to processed foods, it is There are many reasons why important to remember that they additives are intentionally used in have been extensively tested. foods and beverages. Some are Many substances found in used to maintain or improve the "natural" foods have not been nutritional value of foods. Others subjected to such rigorous testing. are used to maintain freshness by Yet it is known that some retarding spoilage and preventing "natural" foodstuffs contain changes in color, flavor and tex- substances potentially harmful if ture. Additives also help in pro- consumed in excessive amounts. cessing or preparation by retaining moisture, keeping texture consis- The Safety of Additives tent, preventing lumping or caking, Since the turn of the century, or controlling the acidity or alka- specific laws have regulated food linity of a food product. Finally, and color additives. These require certain additives enhance a prod- clear evidence that substances are uct's taste, which makes it more safe at levels of intended use appealing. before they may be added to food As the food industry attempts products. In an approval process to feed an ever-expanding world that may take several years, manu- population, additives become facturers must demonstrate that more and more important. They the proposed new additive allow manufacturers to provide achieves its intended effect. The consumers with a safe, whole- substance must also be tested in some, appetizing and economic laboratory animals to demonstrate food supply. Additives insure that its safety. Even then, the amount foods can be distributed over con- of the additive approved for use siderable distances and stored for will generally be set from 30 to long periods. However, the wide- 100 times lower than that shown spread use of food additives has to have no effect on the health of led to some misconceptions- laboratory animals. including the conclusion that all Many food substances are additives are potentially harmful. considered safe by experts because they have been used extensively Natural vs. Synthetic for a long period of time with no Recent consumer concern known harmful effects. For these about "chemicals" in food has substances, the law dispenses with (over) Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226 the extensive testing requirements flavor and color, which contribute described above. Approximately to the appeal and enjoyment of 700 substances qualify for this soft drinks. special regulatory status known as 'Generally Recognized As Safe" For more technical informa- or GRAS ingredients. tion on additives or other Because testing methods con- ingredient-related questions, tinue to improve, all categories please write or call: of food additives remain subject to ongoing safety review. This Consumer Information Center review includes a search of world Coca-Cola USA medical and scientific literature on P.O. Drawer 1734 the safety of each compound. If Atlanta, Georgia 30301 new questions are posed about an additive or GRAS ingredient, 1-800-GET COKE manufacturers can be required to (438-2653) confirm the substance's safety by conducting additional studies. Additives Used in Products of The Coca-Cola Company a All ingredients used in Consumer Information Center products manufactured by The A Division o The Coca-Coia Coca-Cola Company are either "Generally Recognized As Safe" or have met the stringent re- quirements for approval as food additives. In addition to helping to maintain product quality, these ingredients are used to provide 1/84 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 1. Boyd, E.M. Toxicity of pure foods. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1977. 2. Clydesdale, F. M., Francis, F.J. Food nutrition & you. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 1977. 3. Counsell, J.N. Natural colours for food and other uses. London, England, Applied Science Publishers, 1981. 4. Furia, T.E. Current aspects of food colorants. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1977. 5. Furia, T.E. Handbook of food additives. 2d. ed. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1975. 6. Furia, T.E. Regulatory status of direct food additives. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1980. 7. International Food Additives Council. Food additives. Atlanta, 1981, 1-13. 8. .Pontanel, G. Food additives and the consumer. Brussels, Belgium, Commission of the European Communities, 1980. 9. .Roberts, H.R., ed. Food safety. New York, John Wiley and Sons, 1981. 0.Stare, F.J., McWilliams, M. Nutrition for good health. Fullerton, California, Plycon Press, 1974. 11. The British Nutrition Foundation. Why additives? The safety of foods. London, England, 1977 Feb. 12. Whelan, E.M., Stare, F.J. Panic in the pantry. New York, The Book Press, 1975. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226 MOUTASKED ASBIGNIT IN SOFT DRINKS A ll soft drink products of Caramel color is approved The Coca-Cola Company for general use as a food color are wholesome beverages pro- by the U.S. Food and Drug duced in compliance with state Administration. and federal food laws, and the laws of more than 155 countries For more technical informa- where we market our products. tion on caramel color or other ingredient-related questions, Caramel color is the substance please write or call: you probably know as "burnt sugar" and can make in your own Consumer Information Center kitchen. Since early times, home- Coca-Cola USA makers have produced what they P.O. Drawer 1734 called "caramel" by heating sugar Atlanta, Georgia 30301 in a pan over an open flame. This type of caramel is primarily used 1-800-GET COKE for flavoring purposes. (438-2653) Today, most caramel color is used in small amounts to color foods, and its contribution to flavor is minimal. It is actually one of to the oldest and most widely used food colors. Consumer Information Center Coca Colausg Caramel color is made com- ADivision The Coca Cota Company mercially by the controlled heating of sugar or corn syrup. The result- ing dark brown liquid or solid material is used in a variety of foods and beverages including soft drinks, bakery products, soups, gravies, syrups and puddings. Caramel color is used exten- sively as a brown color, and it is a versatile color since it can be custom blended to produce exact- ly the right shade for a specific food or beverage. As a result, the science of manufacturing caramel color and the art of its use in foods have evolved systematically over the years. Today, various types of caramel color are in use with specific properties that make them suitable for all types of foods and beverages. 1/84 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Furia, T.E., Handbook of food additives. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1975. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226 CARBONATED WATER IN SOFT DRINKS A ll soft drink products of ance, taste and aroma and to The Coca-Cola Company remove certain minerals and im- are wholesome beverages pro- purities. Carbon dioxide is then duced in compliance with state dissolved in the treated water in and federal food laws, and the a device known as a carbonator. laws of more than 155 countries In most modern bottling plants, where we market our products. treated water, beverage syrup and carbon dioxide are blended Throughout history, people together to make the soft drink. have been fascinated by carbon- Like most other food ingre- ated water. The ancient Greeks dients, carbon dioxide was and Romans bathed in natural reviewed by a group of prominent mineral springs. Later, Europeans scientists for the Food and Drug drank these naturally carbonated Administration and its safety was waters for their health. confirmed. Carbonated soft drinks The manufacture of car- provide a pleasant way to satisfy bonated water began in England the body's need for liquids. Car- in 1772 when Joseph Priestley bonation also enhances a person's discovered how to entrap carbon appreciation of flavor in beverages dioxide in water. By the 1830s, the and accompanying foods. In short, use and popularity of sparkling it adds to the thirst-quenching sen- water had spread to America. sation perceived when soft drinks Soon, with the addition of sweet- are enjoyed. eners, fr ait juices and flavors, these drinks began to be enjoyed For more technical informa- for refreshment rather than for tion on carbonated water or any medicinal value. other ingredient-related ques- From the time these efferves- tions, please write or call: cent soft drinks first began to be made, the same ingredient that Consumer Information Center makes them bubble-carbon Coca-Cola USA dioxide-has been used. Carbon P.O. Drawer 1734 dioxide occurs naturally in the at- Atlanta, Georgia 30301 mosphere as a colorless, odorless 1-800-GET COKE gas. It is what we breathe out and what plants take in. In soft drinks, (438-2653) carbon dioxide produces the dis- tinctive "sparkling" quality and that "bubbling" effect as the drink is poured from the container. To carbonate a soft drink, Consumer Information Center bottlers start out by treating ordi- Coca Cola uss A Division o nary water to improve its appear- 1/84 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Evaluation of the health aspects of carbon dioxide as a food ingredient. Springfield, Virginia: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Infor- mation Service, 1980 (NTIS: PB 80 104 615). Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0228 YOU ASKED ABOUT IN SOFT DRINKS A ll soft drink products of and grains providing the greatest The Coca-Cola Company amounts. are wholesome beverages pro- Contrary to what many peo- duced in compliance with state ple believe, soft drinks are not the and federal food laws, and the major contributors to the total laws of more than 155 countries daily intake of phosphorus. None where we market our products. of the phosphorus-containing soft drinks of The Coca-Cola Company Phosphoric acid is an ingre- provides more than 30 milligrams dient which contributes to the of phosphorus in a six-ounce serv- tangy taste of "cola type" soft ing. In terms of the daily diet, a drinks, just as the citric acid found soft drink accounts for a very in lemons and oranges enhances small amount of the total phos- the flavor of lemonade and orange phorus consumed. juice. Another question sometimes Phosphoric acid contains asked about phosphoric acid in the mineral phosphorus, which is soft drinks is whether it causes an essential nutrient in the diet teeth to erode or dissolve. This and which is present in every cell concern arises because many peo- of the body. In addition to con- ple have seen demonstrations in tributing to the growth and main- which a tooth erodes or dissolves tenance of bones and teeth, phos- after being immersed in a soft phorus allows the body to use drink for several days. Unfor- other nutrients more effectively, tunately, these experiments do not particularly in the conversion demonstrate what actually hap- of proteins, carbohydrates and pens in the mouth and only serve fats to energy. to alarm people unnecessarily. Nearly all foods contain When a tooth is placed in any phosphorus. According to recent acidic solution, such as a soft drink surveys, Americans consume an or a fruit juice, and is left there for average of 1200-1600 milligrams a number of days, erosion will of phosphorus per day, with milk take place. But this is not what products, meats, meat substitutes happens in the mouth. In the (over) Source: tps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj022 mouth, teeth are exposed to a soft For more technical informa- drink for only a very short period tion on phosphoric acid or other of time and are constantly bathed ingredient-related questions, in a protective wash of saliva, please write or call: which acts to decrease the effect of the acid. Consumer Information Center The Coca-Cola Company uses Coca-Cola USA phosphoric acid in some of its P.O. Drawer 1734 products to provide a pleasant Atlanta, Georgia 30301 tartness. The acid in these bever- 1-800-GET COKE ages does not contribute to dental erosion in the course of normal (438-2653) beverage consumption. Nor does it make a significant contribution the to the total daily intake of phos- phorus. In combination with a A nutritionally-adequate, balanced diet and regular exercise, soft Consumer Information Center drinks provide a refreshing and A Division of The Coca Cola Company positive contribution to everyday living. 1/84 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 1. Greger, J.L., Krystofiak, M. Phosphorus intake of Americans. Food Technology 1982; 36(1): 78-84. 2. Intake of additives from soft drinks. Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Pro- gramme, Codex Committee on Food Additives, 1979 Sept. 3. National Research Council and National Academy of Sciences. Food and Nutri- tion Board. Recommended dietary allowances. 9th ed. Washington, D.C., 1980. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226

Which company's consumer information center is given here?

mtyj0226

mtyj0226_p8, mtyj0226_p9, mtyj0226_p10, mtyj0226_p11, mtyj0226_p12, mtyj0226_p13

Coca-Cola USA

241 IS) 17'71/2.1 IN SOFT DRINKS A ll soft drink products of led to the misconception that The Coca-Cola Company "natural" foods and ingredients are wholesome beverages pro- are inherently safer than those duced in compliance with state manufactured. But it is important and federal food laws, and the to recognize that all foods- laws of more than 155 countries whether picked from your garden where we market our products. or from the grocery shelf-are made of chemicals. An additive is any substance Many of the substances added that becomes part of a food when to processed food products are added directly or indirectly during chemically identical to those any aspect of production, process- which are found in "natural" ing, storage or packaging. Many foods. For example, ascorbic acid, additives are centuries old. The or Vitamin C, is exactly the same use of salt, sugar and spices to substance, whether found in an preserve foods and enhance their orange or made in a laboratory. flavor predates the settlement of While some additives may be this country. unique to processed foods, it is There are many reasons why important to remember that they additives are intentionally used in have been extensively tested. foods and beverages. Some are Many substances found in used to maintain or improve the "natural" foods have not been nutritional value of foods. Others subjected to such rigorous testing. are used to maintain freshness by Yet it is known that some retarding spoilage and preventing "natural" foodstuffs contain changes in color, flavor and tex- substances potentially harmful if ture. Additives also help in pro- consumed in excessive amounts. cessing or preparation by retaining moisture, keeping texture consis- The Safety of Additives tent, preventing lumping or caking, Since the turn of the century, or controlling the acidity or alka- specific laws have regulated food linity of a food product. Finally, and color additives. These require certain additives enhance a prod- clear evidence that substances are uct's taste, which makes it more safe at levels of intended use appealing. before they may be added to food As the food industry attempts products. In an approval process to feed an ever-expanding world that may take several years, manu- population, additives become facturers must demonstrate that more and more important. They the proposed new additive allow manufacturers to provide achieves its intended effect. The consumers with a safe, whole- substance must also be tested in some, appetizing and economic laboratory animals to demonstrate food supply. Additives insure that its safety. Even then, the amount foods can be distributed over con- of the additive approved for use siderable distances and stored for will generally be set from 30 to long periods. However, the wide- 100 times lower than that shown spread use of food additives has to have no effect on the health of led to some misconceptions- laboratory animals. including the conclusion that all Many food substances are additives are potentially harmful. considered safe by experts because they have been used extensively Natural vs. Synthetic for a long period of time with no Recent consumer concern known harmful effects. For these about "chemicals" in food has substances, the law dispenses with (over) Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226 the extensive testing requirements flavor and color, which contribute described above. Approximately to the appeal and enjoyment of 700 substances qualify for this soft drinks. special regulatory status known as 'Generally Recognized As Safe" For more technical informa- or GRAS ingredients. tion on additives or other Because testing methods con- ingredient-related questions, tinue to improve, all categories please write or call: of food additives remain subject to ongoing safety review. This Consumer Information Center review includes a search of world Coca-Cola USA medical and scientific literature on P.O. Drawer 1734 the safety of each compound. If Atlanta, Georgia 30301 new questions are posed about an additive or GRAS ingredient, 1-800-GET COKE manufacturers can be required to (438-2653) confirm the substance's safety by conducting additional studies. Additives Used in Products of The Coca-Cola Company a All ingredients used in Consumer Information Center products manufactured by The A Division o The Coca-Coia Coca-Cola Company are either "Generally Recognized As Safe" or have met the stringent re- quirements for approval as food additives. In addition to helping to maintain product quality, these ingredients are used to provide 1/84 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 1. Boyd, E.M. Toxicity of pure foods. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1977. 2. Clydesdale, F. M., Francis, F.J. Food nutrition & you. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 1977. 3. Counsell, J.N. Natural colours for food and other uses. London, England, Applied Science Publishers, 1981. 4. Furia, T.E. Current aspects of food colorants. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1977. 5. Furia, T.E. Handbook of food additives. 2d. ed. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1975. 6. Furia, T.E. Regulatory status of direct food additives. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1980. 7. International Food Additives Council. Food additives. Atlanta, 1981, 1-13. 8. .Pontanel, G. Food additives and the consumer. Brussels, Belgium, Commission of the European Communities, 1980. 9. .Roberts, H.R., ed. Food safety. New York, John Wiley and Sons, 1981. 0.Stare, F.J., McWilliams, M. Nutrition for good health. Fullerton, California, Plycon Press, 1974. 11. The British Nutrition Foundation. Why additives? The safety of foods. London, England, 1977 Feb. 12. Whelan, E.M., Stare, F.J. Panic in the pantry. New York, The Book Press, 1975. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226 MOUTASKED ASBIGNIT IN SOFT DRINKS A ll soft drink products of Caramel color is approved The Coca-Cola Company for general use as a food color are wholesome beverages pro- by the U.S. Food and Drug duced in compliance with state Administration. and federal food laws, and the laws of more than 155 countries For more technical informa- where we market our products. tion on caramel color or other ingredient-related questions, Caramel color is the substance please write or call: you probably know as "burnt sugar" and can make in your own Consumer Information Center kitchen. Since early times, home- Coca-Cola USA makers have produced what they P.O. Drawer 1734 called "caramel" by heating sugar Atlanta, Georgia 30301 in a pan over an open flame. This type of caramel is primarily used 1-800-GET COKE for flavoring purposes. (438-2653) Today, most caramel color is used in small amounts to color foods, and its contribution to flavor is minimal. It is actually one of to the oldest and most widely used food colors. Consumer Information Center Coca Colausg Caramel color is made com- ADivision The Coca Cota Company mercially by the controlled heating of sugar or corn syrup. The result- ing dark brown liquid or solid material is used in a variety of foods and beverages including soft drinks, bakery products, soups, gravies, syrups and puddings. Caramel color is used exten- sively as a brown color, and it is a versatile color since it can be custom blended to produce exact- ly the right shade for a specific food or beverage. As a result, the science of manufacturing caramel color and the art of its use in foods have evolved systematically over the years. Today, various types of caramel color are in use with specific properties that make them suitable for all types of foods and beverages. 1/84 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Furia, T.E., Handbook of food additives. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1975. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226 CARBONATED WATER IN SOFT DRINKS A ll soft drink products of ance, taste and aroma and to The Coca-Cola Company remove certain minerals and im- are wholesome beverages pro- purities. Carbon dioxide is then duced in compliance with state dissolved in the treated water in and federal food laws, and the a device known as a carbonator. laws of more than 155 countries In most modern bottling plants, where we market our products. treated water, beverage syrup and carbon dioxide are blended Throughout history, people together to make the soft drink. have been fascinated by carbon- Like most other food ingre- ated water. The ancient Greeks dients, carbon dioxide was and Romans bathed in natural reviewed by a group of prominent mineral springs. Later, Europeans scientists for the Food and Drug drank these naturally carbonated Administration and its safety was waters for their health. confirmed. Carbonated soft drinks The manufacture of car- provide a pleasant way to satisfy bonated water began in England the body's need for liquids. Car- in 1772 when Joseph Priestley bonation also enhances a person's discovered how to entrap carbon appreciation of flavor in beverages dioxide in water. By the 1830s, the and accompanying foods. In short, use and popularity of sparkling it adds to the thirst-quenching sen- water had spread to America. sation perceived when soft drinks Soon, with the addition of sweet- are enjoyed. eners, fr ait juices and flavors, these drinks began to be enjoyed For more technical informa- for refreshment rather than for tion on carbonated water or any medicinal value. other ingredient-related ques- From the time these efferves- tions, please write or call: cent soft drinks first began to be made, the same ingredient that Consumer Information Center makes them bubble-carbon Coca-Cola USA dioxide-has been used. Carbon P.O. Drawer 1734 dioxide occurs naturally in the at- Atlanta, Georgia 30301 mosphere as a colorless, odorless 1-800-GET COKE gas. It is what we breathe out and what plants take in. In soft drinks, (438-2653) carbon dioxide produces the dis- tinctive "sparkling" quality and that "bubbling" effect as the drink is poured from the container. To carbonate a soft drink, Consumer Information Center bottlers start out by treating ordi- Coca Cola uss A Division o nary water to improve its appear- 1/84 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Evaluation of the health aspects of carbon dioxide as a food ingredient. Springfield, Virginia: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Infor- mation Service, 1980 (NTIS: PB 80 104 615). Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0228 YOU ASKED ABOUT IN SOFT DRINKS A ll soft drink products of and grains providing the greatest The Coca-Cola Company amounts. are wholesome beverages pro- Contrary to what many peo- duced in compliance with state ple believe, soft drinks are not the and federal food laws, and the major contributors to the total laws of more than 155 countries daily intake of phosphorus. None where we market our products. of the phosphorus-containing soft drinks of The Coca-Cola Company Phosphoric acid is an ingre- provides more than 30 milligrams dient which contributes to the of phosphorus in a six-ounce serv- tangy taste of "cola type" soft ing. In terms of the daily diet, a drinks, just as the citric acid found soft drink accounts for a very in lemons and oranges enhances small amount of the total phos- the flavor of lemonade and orange phorus consumed. juice. Another question sometimes Phosphoric acid contains asked about phosphoric acid in the mineral phosphorus, which is soft drinks is whether it causes an essential nutrient in the diet teeth to erode or dissolve. This and which is present in every cell concern arises because many peo- of the body. In addition to con- ple have seen demonstrations in tributing to the growth and main- which a tooth erodes or dissolves tenance of bones and teeth, phos- after being immersed in a soft phorus allows the body to use drink for several days. Unfor- other nutrients more effectively, tunately, these experiments do not particularly in the conversion demonstrate what actually hap- of proteins, carbohydrates and pens in the mouth and only serve fats to energy. to alarm people unnecessarily. Nearly all foods contain When a tooth is placed in any phosphorus. According to recent acidic solution, such as a soft drink surveys, Americans consume an or a fruit juice, and is left there for average of 1200-1600 milligrams a number of days, erosion will of phosphorus per day, with milk take place. But this is not what products, meats, meat substitutes happens in the mouth. In the (over) Source: tps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj022 mouth, teeth are exposed to a soft For more technical informa- drink for only a very short period tion on phosphoric acid or other of time and are constantly bathed ingredient-related questions, in a protective wash of saliva, please write or call: which acts to decrease the effect of the acid. Consumer Information Center The Coca-Cola Company uses Coca-Cola USA phosphoric acid in some of its P.O. Drawer 1734 products to provide a pleasant Atlanta, Georgia 30301 tartness. The acid in these bever- 1-800-GET COKE ages does not contribute to dental erosion in the course of normal (438-2653) beverage consumption. Nor does it make a significant contribution the to the total daily intake of phos- phorus. In combination with a A nutritionally-adequate, balanced diet and regular exercise, soft Consumer Information Center drinks provide a refreshing and A Division of The Coca Cola Company positive contribution to everyday living. 1/84 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 1. Greger, J.L., Krystofiak, M. Phosphorus intake of Americans. Food Technology 1982; 36(1): 78-84. 2. Intake of additives from soft drinks. Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Pro- gramme, Codex Committee on Food Additives, 1979 Sept. 3. National Research Council and National Academy of Sciences. Food and Nutri- tion Board. Recommended dietary allowances. 9th ed. Washington, D.C., 1980. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226

what is the average intake of sodium in US ?

mtyj0226

mtyj0226_p15

3,000-5,000 milligrams per day, 3000-5000 milligrams per day, estimated to be3000-5000 milligrams per day, the average intake of sodium in the U.S. is estimated to be 3,000-5,000 milligrams per day

ceptibility, obesity and the effects Soft drinks satisfy both the of stress, excess sodium may be physiological need for water a contributing cause of high and the psychological need for a blood pressure in some individ- refreshing pause from the day's uals. For more information, activities. Because most soft consult your family physician. drinks are considered "very low The Food and Nutrition sodium" foods, they may be Board of the National Academy of included in virtually everyone's Sciences has suggested that "Safe diet, and even those who are on and Adequate Dietary Intakes" sodium-restricted diets can enjoy of sodium for healthy adults are soft drinks in moderation. 1,000 to 3,300 milligrams daily. Since sodium is 40 percent of the For more technical infor- weight of ordinary table salt, this mation on sodium or other is an equivalent of about 1/2 to 11/2 ingredient-related questions, teaspoons of table salt. But many please write or call: healthy people do consume twice that amount. In fact, the average Consumer Information Center intake of sodium in the U.S. is Coca-Cola USA estimated to be 3,000-5,000 P.O. Drawer 1734 milligrams per day. Atlanta, Georgia 30301 Based on national sales 1-800-GET COKE estimates, the average U.S. per (1-800-438-2653) capita daily consumption of soft drinks is approximately two and one-half six-ounce servings. As noted above, the majority of the products of Coca-Cola USA con- tain 35 milligrams or less of sodium per serving. It would take Consumer Information Center 57 such servings to equal the Coca-Cola USA sodium found in a single tea- Division of The Company spoon of salt. It has been esti- mated that soft drinks contribute no more than between 0.5 and 1.0 percent of the approximated daily intake of sodium. 9/87 ADDITIONAL SOURCES OF INFORMATION ON SODIUM 1. Council on Scientific Affairs. Sodium in Processed Foods. Journal of the American Medical Association 1983; 249(6):784. 2. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. Life Sciences Research Office. Evaluation of the health aspects of sodium chloride and potassium chloride as food ingredients. Springfield, Virginia: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Service, 1979 (NTIS:PB 289 139). 3. Institute of Food Technologists' Expert Panel on Food Safety and the Committee on Public Information. Food Technology 1980; 34(1):85. 4. March, A.C. Processes and formulations that affect the sodium content of foods. Food Technology 1983 July; 37(7):45. 5. National Research Council and National Academy of Sciences. Food and Nutrition Board. Recommended dietary allowances. 9th ed. Washington, D.C. 1980. 6. Simopoulos, A.P. The nutritional aspects of hypertension. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1985; 42:909-912. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226

What is the average U.S per capita consumption of soft drinks based on national sales estimates?

mtyj0226

mtyj0226_p15

is approximately two and one-half six-ounce servings.

ceptibility, obesity and the effects Soft drinks satisfy both the of stress, excess sodium may be physiological need for water a contributing cause of high and the psychological need for a blood pressure in some individ- refreshing pause from the day's uals. For more information, activities. Because most soft consult your family physician. drinks are considered "very low The Food and Nutrition sodium" foods, they may be Board of the National Academy of included in virtually everyone's Sciences has suggested that "Safe diet, and even those who are on and Adequate Dietary Intakes" sodium-restricted diets can enjoy of sodium for healthy adults are soft drinks in moderation. 1,000 to 3,300 milligrams daily. Since sodium is 40 percent of the For more technical infor- weight of ordinary table salt, this mation on sodium or other is an equivalent of about 1/2 to 11/2 ingredient-related questions, teaspoons of table salt. But many please write or call: healthy people do consume twice that amount. In fact, the average Consumer Information Center intake of sodium in the U.S. is Coca-Cola USA estimated to be 3,000-5,000 P.O. Drawer 1734 milligrams per day. Atlanta, Georgia 30301 Based on national sales 1-800-GET COKE estimates, the average U.S. per (1-800-438-2653) capita daily consumption of soft drinks is approximately two and one-half six-ounce servings. As noted above, the majority of the products of Coca-Cola USA con- tain 35 milligrams or less of sodium per serving. It would take Consumer Information Center 57 such servings to equal the Coca-Cola USA sodium found in a single tea- Division of The Company spoon of salt. It has been esti- mated that soft drinks contribute no more than between 0.5 and 1.0 percent of the approximated daily intake of sodium. 9/87 ADDITIONAL SOURCES OF INFORMATION ON SODIUM 1. Council on Scientific Affairs. Sodium in Processed Foods. Journal of the American Medical Association 1983; 249(6):784. 2. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. Life Sciences Research Office. Evaluation of the health aspects of sodium chloride and potassium chloride as food ingredients. Springfield, Virginia: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Service, 1979 (NTIS:PB 289 139). 3. Institute of Food Technologists' Expert Panel on Food Safety and the Committee on Public Information. Food Technology 1980; 34(1):85. 4. March, A.C. Processes and formulations that affect the sodium content of foods. Food Technology 1983 July; 37(7):45. 5. National Research Council and National Academy of Sciences. Food and Nutrition Board. Recommended dietary allowances. 9th ed. Washington, D.C. 1980. 6. Simopoulos, A.P. The nutritional aspects of hypertension. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1985; 42:909-912. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226

What is the estimated average intake of sodium per day in the U.S.?

mtyj0226

mtyj0226_p15

is estimated to be 3,000-5,000 milligrams per day.

ceptibility, obesity and the effects Soft drinks satisfy both the of stress, excess sodium may be physiological need for water a contributing cause of high and the psychological need for a blood pressure in some individ- refreshing pause from the day's uals. For more information, activities. Because most soft consult your family physician. drinks are considered "very low The Food and Nutrition sodium" foods, they may be Board of the National Academy of included in virtually everyone's Sciences has suggested that "Safe diet, and even those who are on and Adequate Dietary Intakes" sodium-restricted diets can enjoy of sodium for healthy adults are soft drinks in moderation. 1,000 to 3,300 milligrams daily. Since sodium is 40 percent of the For more technical infor- weight of ordinary table salt, this mation on sodium or other is an equivalent of about 1/2 to 11/2 ingredient-related questions, teaspoons of table salt. But many please write or call: healthy people do consume twice that amount. In fact, the average Consumer Information Center intake of sodium in the U.S. is Coca-Cola USA estimated to be 3,000-5,000 P.O. Drawer 1734 milligrams per day. Atlanta, Georgia 30301 Based on national sales 1-800-GET COKE estimates, the average U.S. per (1-800-438-2653) capita daily consumption of soft drinks is approximately two and one-half six-ounce servings. As noted above, the majority of the products of Coca-Cola USA con- tain 35 milligrams or less of sodium per serving. It would take Consumer Information Center 57 such servings to equal the Coca-Cola USA sodium found in a single tea- Division of The Company spoon of salt. It has been esti- mated that soft drinks contribute no more than between 0.5 and 1.0 percent of the approximated daily intake of sodium. 9/87 ADDITIONAL SOURCES OF INFORMATION ON SODIUM 1. Council on Scientific Affairs. Sodium in Processed Foods. Journal of the American Medical Association 1983; 249(6):784. 2. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. Life Sciences Research Office. Evaluation of the health aspects of sodium chloride and potassium chloride as food ingredients. Springfield, Virginia: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Service, 1979 (NTIS:PB 289 139). 3. Institute of Food Technologists' Expert Panel on Food Safety and the Committee on Public Information. Food Technology 1980; 34(1):85. 4. March, A.C. Processes and formulations that affect the sodium content of foods. Food Technology 1983 July; 37(7):45. 5. National Research Council and National Academy of Sciences. Food and Nutrition Board. Recommended dietary allowances. 9th ed. Washington, D.C. 1980. 6. Simopoulos, A.P. The nutritional aspects of hypertension. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1985; 42:909-912. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226

what the contact number of consumer information centre?

mtyj0226

mtyj0226_p15

(1-800-438-2653), 1-800-438-2653

ceptibility, obesity and the effects Soft drinks satisfy both the of stress, excess sodium may be physiological need for water a contributing cause of high and the psychological need for a blood pressure in some individ- refreshing pause from the day's uals. For more information, activities. Because most soft consult your family physician. drinks are considered "very low The Food and Nutrition sodium" foods, they may be Board of the National Academy of included in virtually everyone's Sciences has suggested that "Safe diet, and even those who are on and Adequate Dietary Intakes" sodium-restricted diets can enjoy of sodium for healthy adults are soft drinks in moderation. 1,000 to 3,300 milligrams daily. Since sodium is 40 percent of the For more technical infor- weight of ordinary table salt, this mation on sodium or other is an equivalent of about 1/2 to 11/2 ingredient-related questions, teaspoons of table salt. But many please write or call: healthy people do consume twice that amount. In fact, the average Consumer Information Center intake of sodium in the U.S. is Coca-Cola USA estimated to be 3,000-5,000 P.O. Drawer 1734 milligrams per day. Atlanta, Georgia 30301 Based on national sales 1-800-GET COKE estimates, the average U.S. per (1-800-438-2653) capita daily consumption of soft drinks is approximately two and one-half six-ounce servings. As noted above, the majority of the products of Coca-Cola USA con- tain 35 milligrams or less of sodium per serving. It would take Consumer Information Center 57 such servings to equal the Coca-Cola USA sodium found in a single tea- Division of The Company spoon of salt. It has been esti- mated that soft drinks contribute no more than between 0.5 and 1.0 percent of the approximated daily intake of sodium. 9/87 ADDITIONAL SOURCES OF INFORMATION ON SODIUM 1. Council on Scientific Affairs. Sodium in Processed Foods. Journal of the American Medical Association 1983; 249(6):784. 2. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. Life Sciences Research Office. Evaluation of the health aspects of sodium chloride and potassium chloride as food ingredients. Springfield, Virginia: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Service, 1979 (NTIS:PB 289 139). 3. Institute of Food Technologists' Expert Panel on Food Safety and the Committee on Public Information. Food Technology 1980; 34(1):85. 4. March, A.C. Processes and formulations that affect the sodium content of foods. Food Technology 1983 July; 37(7):45. 5. National Research Council and National Academy of Sciences. Food and Nutrition Board. Recommended dietary allowances. 9th ed. Washington, D.C. 1980. 6. Simopoulos, A.P. The nutritional aspects of hypertension. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1985; 42:909-912. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226

what is the gross profit in the year 2009?

mxpj0226

mxpj0226_p0, mxpj0226_p1, mxpj0226_p2, mxpj0226_p3, mxpj0226_p4, mxpj0226_p5, mxpj0226_p6, mxpj0226_p7

19,902 millions, 19,902

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009 OR TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to Commission File No. 1-2217 The (Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter) DELAWARE 58-0628465 (State or other jurisdiction of (IRS Employer incorporation or organization) Identification No.) One Coca-Cola Plaza Atlanta, Georgia 30313 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (404) 676-2121 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Name of each exchange on which registered COMMON STOCK, $0.25 PAR VALUE NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes No Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes No Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes No Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes No Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): Large accelerated filer Accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer Smaller reporting company (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes No The aggregate market value of the common equity held by non-affiliates of the Registrant (assuming for these purposes, but without conceding, that all executive officers and Directors are "affiliates" of the Registrant) as of July 3, 2009, the last business day of the Registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was $107,556,224,589 (based on the closing sale price of the Registrant's Common Stock on that date as reported on the New York Stock Exchange). The number of shares outstanding of the Registrant's Common Stock as of February 22, 2010 was 2,305,123,938. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Portions of the Company's Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareowners to be held on April 21, 2010, are incorporated by reference in Part III. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mxpj0226 Operations Review We manufacture, distribute and market nonalcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups. We also manufacture, distribute and market finished beverages. Our organizational structure as of December 31, 2009, consisted of the following operating segments, the first six of which are sometimes referred to as "operating groups" or "groups": Eurasia and Africa; Europe; Latin America; North America; Pacific; Bottling Investments; and Corporate. For further information regarding our operating segments, refer to Note 18 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Beverage Volume We measure the volume of Company beverage products sold in two ways: (1) unit cases of finished products and (2) concentrate sales. As used in this report, "unit case" means a unit of measurement equal to 192 U.S. fluid ounces of finished beverage (24 eight-ounce servings); and "unit case volume" means the number of unit cases (or unit case equivalents) of Company beverage products directly or indirectly sold by the Company and its bottling partners (the "Coca-Cola system") to customers. Unit case volume primarily consists of beverage products bearing Company trademarks. Also included in unit case volume are certain products licensed to, or distributed by, our Company, and brands owned by Coca-Cola system bottlers for which our Company provides marketing support and from the sale of which we derive economic benefit. Such products licensed to, or distributed by, our Company and brands owned by Coca-Cola system bottlers account for a minimal portion of our total unit case volume. In addition, unit case volume includes sales by joint ventures in which the Company has an equity interest. Although most of our Company's revenues are not based directly on unit case volume, we believe unit case volume is one of the measures of the underlying strength of the Coca-Cola system because it measures trends at the consumer level. The unit case volume numbers used in this report are derived based on estimates received by the Company from its bottling partners and distributors. Concentrate sales volume represents the amount of concentrates and syrups, (in all cases expressed in equivalent unit cases) sold by, or used in finished beverages sold by, the Company to its bottling partners or other customers. Most of our revenues are based on concentrate sales, a primarily wholesale activity. Unit case volume and concentrate sales growth rates are not necessarily equal during any given period. Factors such as seasonality, bottlers' inventory practices, supply point changes, timing of price increases, new product introductions and changes in product mix can impact unit case volume and concentrate sales and can create differences between unit case volume and concentrate sales growth rates. In addition to the items mentioned above, the impact of unit case volume from certain joint ventures, in which the Company has an equity interest, but to which the Company does not sell concentrates or syrups, may give rise to differences between unit case volume and concentrate sales growth rates. Information about our volume growth by operating segment is as follows: Percent Change 2009 vs. 2008 2008 vs. 2007 Concentrate Concentrate Year Ended December 31, Unit Cases1,2 Sales Unit Cases1,3 Sales Worldwide 3% 3% 5% 4% Eurasia & Africa 4% 5% 7% 7% Europe (1) (2) 3 - Latin America 6 7 8 6 North America (2) (2) (1) (2) Pacific 7 7 8 8 Bottling Investments 2 N/A 14 N/A 1 Bottling Investments operating segment data reflects unit case volume growth for consolidated bottlers only. 2 Geographic segment data reflects unit case volume growth for all bottlers in the applicable geographic areas, both consolidated and unconsolidated. 41 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mxpj0226 Unit Case Volume Although most of our Company's revenues are not based directly on unit case volume, we believe unit case volume is one of the measures of the underlying strength of the Coca-Cola system because it measures our product trends at the consumer level. The Coca-Cola system sold approximately 24.4 billion unit cases of our products in 2009, approximately 23.7 billion unit cases in 2008 and approximately 22.7 billion unit cases in 2007. Year Ended December 31, 2009, versus Year Ended December 31, 2008 In Eurasia and Africa, unit case volume increased 4 percent, which consisted of 3 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 8 percent growth in still beverages. The group's unit case volume growth was primarily attributable to 31 percent growth in India, led by 32 percent growth in sparkling beverages. This growth was largely due to double-digit growth in Trademarks Thums Up, Sprite, Maaza, Fanta and Coca-Cola. Still beverages in India grew 28 percent. The group also benefited from 6 percent volume growth in North and West Africa and 10 percent volume growth in East and Central Africa. The group's unit case volume growth also included the impact of a 14 percent volume decline in Russia, primarily due to the continued challenging economic environment. In addition, South Africa and Turkey each experienced a 1 percent unit case volume decline. Unit case volume in Europe decreased 1 percent, primarily attributable to the ongoing difficult macroeconomic conditions throughout most of Europe. These difficult macroeconomic conditions impacted a number of key markets and contributed to unit case volume declines of 8 percent in South and Eastern Europe, 4 percent in Iberia and 2 percent in Germany. The volume declines in these markets were partially offset by 6 percent unit case volume growth in France and 4 percent growth in Great Britain. The unit case volume growth in both France and Great Britain was led by Trademark Coca-Cola. In Latin America, unit case volume increased 6 percent, which consisted of 3 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 24 percent growth in still beverages. The group benefited from strong volume growth in key markets, including 6 percent in Mexico, 4 percent in Brazil, 2 percent in Argentina and double-digit growth in Colombia. Acquisitions contributed 1 percentage point of the group's total unit case volume growth. The group's sparkling beverage volume growth was primarily attributable to 4 percent growth in brand Coca-Cola. The successful integration of Jugos del Valle, S.A.B. de C.V. ("Jugos del Valle") drove still beverage volume growth. Unit case volume in North America decreased 2 percent, which reflected the impact of a continuing difficult U.S. economic environment and a competitive pricing environment. The effect of the economic environment and pricing environment was partially offset by the impact of strong customer and consumer programs. North America's unit case volume decline consisted of a 3 percent decline in sparkling beverages, partially offset by 1 percent growth in still beverages. The decline in sparkling beverages was partly attributable to the significant price increase taken by bottlers in the fourth quarter of 2008. The decline was partially offset by the continued strong performance of Coca-Cola Zero, which had unit case volume growth of 19 percent. Still beverage unit case volume growth was primarily due to the strong performance of Fuze Beverage, LLC ("Fuze"), Trademark Simply and tea. The unit case volume growth in still beverages was reduced by a double-digit volume decline in the North American water businesses, including Trademark Dasani, primarily due to the slowing water category and the Company's decision to not pursue unprofitable volume opportunities in bulk water/case packs in North America. In Pacific, unit case volume increased 7 percent, which consisted of growth in sparkling and still beverages of 6 percent and 8 percent, respectively. Sparkling beverage growth in Pacific included 14 percent growth in Trademark Sprite and 5 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola. The group's volume growth was led by 16 percent growth in China, which reflected 11 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 30 percent growth in still beverages. China's sparkling beverage volume growth was led by double-digit growth in Trademark Sprite and 6 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola: China's still beverage volume growth was led by double-digit growth in Minute Maid. The unit case volume growth in China was partially offset by a 2 percent volume decline in Japan, primarily due to the continued severe economic challenges and unfavorable weather conditions during what are traditionally high-volume months. Sparkling beverage volume in Japan was even, while still beverages declined 3 percent. The decline in still beverages included the impact of a 5 percent volume decline in Aquarius and a 3 percent decline in Georgia Coffee. Due to the weak economy, Georgia Coffee was negatively impacted by shifts away from the at-work vending channel. The group's volume increase also included a 1 percent increase in the Philippines. 42 Source: :ttps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mxpj0226 Unit case volume for Bottling Investments increased 2 percent, primarily due to the impact of unit case volume growth of 16 percent in China, 31 percent in India and 1 percent in the Philippines. The Company's consolidated bottling operations account for approximately 33 percent, 65 percent and 100 percent of the unit case volume in China, India and the Philippines, respectively. The favorable impact of unit case volume in these markets was partially offset by the sale of certain bottling operations during 2008, including Refrigerantes Minas Gerais Ltda. ("Remil"), a bottler in Brazil, and the sale of a portion of our ownership interest in Coca-Cola Beverages Pakistan Ltd. ("Coca-Cola Pakistan"), which resulted in its deconsolidation. Refer to Note 14 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. In addition, Germany's unit case volume declined 2 percent. The Company's consolidated bottling operations account for 100 percent of the unit case volume in Germany. Beginning January 1, 2010, we deconsolidated certain entities as a result of the Company's adoption of new accounting guidance issued by the FASB. These entities are primarily bottling operations and have been accounted for under the equity method of accounting since they were deconsolidated. Refer to the heading "Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates - Principles of Consolidation," above. The entities that have been deconsolidated as a result of this change in accounting policy accounted for approximately 1 percent of the Company's worldwide unit case volume in 2009 and were primarily included in the Bottling Investments operating segment. However, the deconsolidation of these entities will only impact the unit case volume data for our Bottling Investments operating segment, since our geographic segment data reflects unit case volume growth for all bottlers in the applicable geographic areas, both consolidated and unconsolidated. The Bottling Investments operating segment data reflects unit case volume growth for consolidated bottlers only. Year Ended December 31, 2008, versus Year Ended December 31, 2007 In Eurasia and Africa, unit case volume increased 7 percent, which reflected growth in sparkling and still beverages of 4 percent and 21 percent, respectively. Unit case volume growth of 15 percent in Turkey, 14 percent in India and 11 percent in Southern Eurasia drove the group's growth. Acquisitions contributed 6 percent of the unit case volume growth in Turkey during 2008. High single-digit volume growth in North and West Africa and 7 percent volume growth in Nigeria also significantly contributed to the group's growth. South Africa's unit case volume increased 1 percent for the year, which included the impact of supply chain issues related to carbon dioxide shortages in the early part of 2008. Our system has invested in manufacturing capabilities that allow us to produce our own supply of carbon dioxide to mitigate the risk of future shortages. Russia's unit case volume was even for the year, primarily due to a more challenging economic environment and unseasonable weather during the summer. Unit case volume in Europe increased 3 percent, primarily attributable to high single-digit volume growth in Eastern Europe. The group's unit case volume growth reflected 1 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 11 percent growth in still beverages. The unit case volume growth in sparkling beverages included 1 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola. Also included in the group's 2008 volume growth was the impact of a low single-digit volume decline in Iberia, primarily due to the slowing Western European economy and a truck drivers' strike in Spain during the second quarter of 2008. In Latin America, unit case volume increased 8 percent. The group benefited from strong volume growth in all key markets, including 9 percent in Mexico, 7 percent in Brazil and 5 percent in Argentina. Acquisitions contributed 3 percent of the group's total unit case volume growth in 2008. The group's unit case volume growth consisted of 4 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 40 percent growth in still beverages. Sparkling beverage unit case volume growth was primarily attributable to 4 percent volume growth in Coca-Cola. The successful integration of Jugos del Valle, which we acquired jointly with Coca-Cola FEMSA in 2007, drove still beverage volume growth. Still beverage unit case volume grew 21 percent in 2008, excluding the impact of acquisitions. Unit case volume in North America decreased 1 percent, which reflected the impact of a difficult U.S. economic environment and significant bottler price increases during the fourth quarter of 2008. The overall unit case volume decline in North America during 2008 consisted of a 3 percent unit case volume decline in sparkling beverages, partially offset by a 5 percent increase in still beverages. The decline in sparkling beverages was partly attributable to the softness of our Foodservice business and other on-premise channels, which were negatively impacted by economic conditions. The negative impact of macroeconomic conditions and bottler price increases was tempered by the successful execution of the three-cola strategy (focusing on driving unit case volume growth for Coca-Cola, Coca-Cola Zero and Diet Coke). Coca-Cola Zero continued its strong performance, increasing unit case volume 36 percent in 43 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mxpj0226 2008. Still beverage unit case volume increased 5 percent in 2008, primarily due to the strong performance of glacéau, Fuze, Trademark Simply and Minute Maid Enhanced Juices. Acquisitions contributed 4 percent of the volume growth in still beverages during 2008. The overall 5 percent unit case volume growth in still beverages also included the impact of volume declines in Trademark Dasani and Trademark Powerade during 2008, primarily due to the slowing water and sports drink categories. In Pacific, unit case volume increased 8 percent. The group's unit case volume growth was driven by 19 percent volume growth in China, which consisted of growth in both sparkling and still beverages. China's sparkling unit case volume increased 15 percent, primarily attributable to double-digit volume growth in both Trademark Coca-Cola and Trademark Sprite. Double-digit unit case volume growth in Minute Maid accounted for the majority of China's 30 percent unit case volume growth in still beverages. Also contributing to the volume growth of still beverages in China was the impact of Yuan Ye, a tea manufactured from tea leaves instead of tea powder, which was launched in 2008. The strong performance in China across our brands was partly attributable to our successful activation of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. In Japan, unit case volume was even. Sparkling beverage unit case volume grew 5 percent in 2008, led by 6 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola and 13 percent growth in Trademark Fanta. Unit case volume growth in Trademark Coca-Cola was primarily attributable to the continued success of Coca-Cola Zero and the successful execution of the three-cola strategy (focusing on driving unit case volume growth for Coca-Cola, Coca-Cola Zero and Diet Coke or Coca-Cola Light). Still beverage unit case volume declined 1 percent in 2008, primarily due to declines in Sokenbicha and Aquarius. The impact of these volume declines on still beverages was partially offset by a 2 percent unit case volume increase in Georgia Coffee. Unit case volume for Bottling Investments increased 14 percent. The group's unit case volume growth was primarily attributable to the full year impact of prior year acquisitions, including, but not limited to, 18 bottling and distribution operations in Germany, Nordeste Refrigerantes S.A. ("NORSA") and CCBPI. Refer to Note 17 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Additionally, the unit case volume growth reflected the overall improving health of the Company's consolidated bottling operations. The favorable impact that the previously mentioned items had on unit case volume growth was partially offset by the sale of Remil and the sale of a portion of our ownership interest in Coca-Cola Pakistan, which resulted in its deconsolidation. Refer to the heading "Operations Review - Other Income (Loss) - Net" and Note 14 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Concentrate Sales Volume In 2009, concentrate sales volume and unit case volume both grew 3 percent compared to 2008. The differences between unit case volume and concentrate sales volume growth rates for individual operating segments were primarily due to the timing of concentrate shipments and the impact of unit case volume from certain joint ventures in which the Company has an equity interest, but to which the Company does not sell concentrates, syrups, beverage bases or powders. Concentrate sales volume and unit case volume grew 4 percent and 5 percent, respectively, in 2008 compared to 2007. The differences between unit case volume and concentrate sales volume growth rates for all segments were primarily due to timing of concentrate shipments and the impact of unit case volume from certain joint ventures in which the Company has an equity interest, but to which the Company does not sell concentrates, syrups, beverage bases or powders. 44 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mxpj0226 Analysis of Consolidated Statements of Income Percent Change Year Ended December 31, 2009 2008 2007 2009 vs. 2008 2008 vs. 2007 (In millions except percentages and per share data) NET OPERATING REVENUES $ 30,990 $ 31,944 $ 28,857 (3)% 11% Cost of goods sold 11,088 11,374 10,406 (3) 9 GROSS PROFIT 19,902 20,570 18,451 (3) 11 GROSS PROFIT MARGIN 64.2% 64.4% 63.9% Selling, general and administrative expenses 11,358 11,774 10,945 (4) 8 Other operating charges 313 350 254 * * OPERATING INCOME 8,231 8,446 7,252 (3) 16 OPERATING MARGIN 26.6% 26.4% 25.1% Interest income 249 333 236 (25) 41 Interest expense 355 438 456 (19) (4) Equity income (loss) - net 781 (874) 668 * * Other income (loss) - net 40 39 219 * * INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES 8,946 7,506 7,919 19 (5) Income taxes 2,040 1,632 1,892 25 (14) Effective tax rate 22.8% 21.7% 23.9% CONSOLIDATED NET INCOME 6,906 5,874 6,027 18 (3) Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 82 67 46 22 46 NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO SHAREOWNERS OF THE COCA-COLA COMPANY $ 6,824 $ 5,807 $ 5,981 18% (3)% NET INCOME PER SHARE¹ Basic net income per share $ 2.95 $ 2.51 $ 2.59 18% (3)9 Diluted net income per share $ 2.93 $ 2.49 $ 2.57 18% (3)% * Calculation is not meaningful. 1 Basic net income per share and diluted net income per share are calculated based on net income attributable to shareowners of The Coca-Cola Company. 45 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mxpj0226 Net Operating Revenues Net operating revenues decreased by $954 million, or 3 percent, in 2009 compared to 2008 and increased by $3,087 million, or 11 percent, in 2008 compared to 2007. The following table illustrates, on a percentage basis, the estimated impact of key factors resulting in the increase (decrease) in net operating revenues: Percent Change Year Ended December 31, 2009 vs. 2008 2008 VS. 2007 Increase in concentrate sales volume 3% 4% Structural changes (1) - Price and product/geographic mix - 3 Impact of currency fluctuations versus the U.S. dollar (5) 4 Total percentage increase (decrease) (3)% 11% Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume" for a discussion of concentrate sales volume. Also included in concentrate sales volume is the impact of acquired beverage companies and the acquisition of trademarks. Year Ended December 31, 2009, versus Year Ended December 31, 2008 "Structural changes" refers to acquisitions or dispositions of bottling, distribution or canning operations and consolidation or deconsolidation of bottling and distribution entities for accounting purposes. Structural changes accounted for approximately 1 percent of the decrease in net operating revenues. This decrease was primarily attributable to the sale of certain bottling operations during 2008, including Remil and a portion of our ownership interest in Coca-Cola Pakistan, which resulted in its deconsolidation. Refer to the heading "Operations Review - Other Income (Loss) - Net" and Note 14 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Price and product/geographic mix had a net zero percent impact on net operating revenues. Favorable pricing and product/package mix in a number of our key markets was offset by: shifts in our marketing and media spend strategies, shifts away from the at-work vending channel in our Japanese business, our current focus to drive greater affordability initiatives across many key markets to ensure we continue building brand relevance and equity with consumers, and unfavorable geographic mix as a result of growth in our emerging and developing markets. The shift in our marketing and media spend strategies was primarily due to spending more marketing dollars toward in-store activations, loyalty points programs and point-of-sale marketing. Many of these strategies impact net revenues instead of marketing expenses. Refer to the heading "Selling, General and Administrative Expenses," below. The growth in our emerging and developing markets resulted in unfavorable geographic mix due to the fact that the revenue per unit sold in these markets is generally less than in developed markets. Refer to the heading "Operating Income and Operating Margin," below. We currently expect the impact of price and product/geographic mix in 2010 to be similar to 2009. The unfavorable impact of currency fluctuations decreased net operating revenues by approximately 5 percent. The unfavorable impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates was primarily due to a stronger U.S. dollar compared to most foreign currencies, including the euro, South African rand, British pound, Brazilian real, Mexican peso and Australian dollar, which had an unfavorable impact on the Eurasia and Africa, Europe, Latin America, Pacific and Bottling Investments operating segments. The unfavorable impact of a stronger U.S. dollar compared to the aforementioned currencies was partially offset by the impact of a weaker U.S. dollar compared to certain other foreign currencies, including the Japanese yen, which had a favorable impact on the Pacific operating segment. Refer to the heading "Liquidity, Capital Resources and Financial Position - Foreign Exchange." Beginning January 1, 2010, we deconsolidated certain entities as a result of the Company's adoption of new accounting guidance issued by the FASB. These entities are primarily bottling operations and have been accounted for under the equity method of accounting since they were deconsolidated. Refer to the heading "Critical Accounting Policies and \ Estimates - Principles of Consolidation," above. The entities that have been deconsolidated as a result of this change in accounting policy accounted for approximately 3 percent of the Company's consolidated net operating revenues in 2009. Refer to the heading "Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates - Principles of Consolidation," above. 46 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mxpj0226 Year Ended December 31, 2008, versus Year Ended December 31, 2007 Structural changes had a net zero percent impact on net operating revenues. The increase in net operating revenues attributable to the full year impact of prior year acquisitions, including, but not limited to, 18 German bottling and distribution operations, NORSA and CCBPI, was offset by the sale of Remil and the sale of a portion of our ownership interest in Coca-Cola Pakistan, which resulted in its deconsolidation. Refer to Note 14 and Note 17 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Price and product/geographic mix increased net operating revenues by 3 percent, primarily due to favorable pricing and product/package mix across the majority of the operating segments. The favorable impact of currency fluctuations increased net operating revenues by 4 percent. The U.S. dollar weakened against certain key currencies in 2008 including, but not limited to, the euro, Japanese yen and Brazilian real. The fluctuations in these currencies favorably impacted the Europe, Pacific, Latin America and Bottling Investments operating segments. The favorable impact of fluctuations in the aforementioned currencies was partially offset by the unfavorable impact of the U.S. dollar strengthening against the South African rand and the British pound during 2008. The fluctuations in these currencies unfavorably impacted the Eurasia and Africa, Europe and Bottling Investments operating segments. Refer to the heading "Liquidity, Capital Resources and Financial Position - Foreign Exchange." Net Operating Revenues by Operating Segment Information about our net operating revenues by operating segment as a percentage of Company net operating revenues is as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2009 2008 2007 Eurasia & Africa 6.4% 6.7% 6.8% Europe 13.9 15.0 15.4 Latin America 12.0 11.3 10.6 North America 26.4 25.7 26.9 Pacific 14.6 13.7 13.9 Bottling Investments 26.4 27.3 26.2 Corporate 0.3 0.3 0.2 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% The percentage contribution of each operating segment has changed due to net operating revenues in certain operating segments growing at a faster rate compared to the other operating segments. Net operating revenue growth rates are impacted by concentrate sales volume growth rates, structural changes, price and product/geographic mix, and foreign currency fluctuations. The size and timing of structural changes, including acquisitions or dispositions of bottling and canning operations, do not occur consistently from period to period. As a result, anticipating the impact of such events on future increases or decreases in net operating revenues (and other financial statement line items) usually is not possible. However, we expect to continue to buy and sell bottling interests in limited circumstances and, as a result, structural changes will continue to affect our consolidated financial statements in future periods. Gross Profit Year Ended December 31, 2009, versus Year Ended December 31, 2008 Our gross profit margin decreased to 64.2 percent in 2009 from 64.4 percent in 2008, primarily due to foreign currency fluctuations, the growth of our finished product operations, unfavorable geographic mix as a result of growth in our emerging and developing markets, our current focus to drive greater affordability initiatives across many key markets, and unfavorable channel and product mix in certain key markets. The unfavorable impact of the previously mentioned items was partially offset by the favorable impact of price increases in certain markets, lower costs related to several key commodities and the sale of certain bottling operations in 2008. Generally, bottling and finished product operations produce higher net operating revenues but lower gross profit margins compared to concentrate and syrup operations. Bottling operations sold in 2008 included Remil and a portion of our ownership interest in Coca-Cola Pakistan, which 47 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mxpj0226

what is the income before income tax for the year 2007?

mxpj0226

mxpj0226_p0, mxpj0226_p1, mxpj0226_p2, mxpj0226_p3, mxpj0226_p4, mxpj0226_p5, mxpj0226_p6, mxpj0226_p7

7,919, 7,919 millions, 7919

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009 OR TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to Commission File No. 1-2217 The (Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter) DELAWARE 58-0628465 (State or other jurisdiction of (IRS Employer incorporation or organization) Identification No.) One Coca-Cola Plaza Atlanta, Georgia 30313 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (404) 676-2121 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Name of each exchange on which registered COMMON STOCK, $0.25 PAR VALUE NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes No Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes No Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes No Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes No Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): Large accelerated filer Accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer Smaller reporting company (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes No The aggregate market value of the common equity held by non-affiliates of the Registrant (assuming for these purposes, but without conceding, that all executive officers and Directors are "affiliates" of the Registrant) as of July 3, 2009, the last business day of the Registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was $107,556,224,589 (based on the closing sale price of the Registrant's Common Stock on that date as reported on the New York Stock Exchange). The number of shares outstanding of the Registrant's Common Stock as of February 22, 2010 was 2,305,123,938. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Portions of the Company's Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareowners to be held on April 21, 2010, are incorporated by reference in Part III. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mxpj0226 Operations Review We manufacture, distribute and market nonalcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups. We also manufacture, distribute and market finished beverages. Our organizational structure as of December 31, 2009, consisted of the following operating segments, the first six of which are sometimes referred to as "operating groups" or "groups": Eurasia and Africa; Europe; Latin America; North America; Pacific; Bottling Investments; and Corporate. For further information regarding our operating segments, refer to Note 18 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Beverage Volume We measure the volume of Company beverage products sold in two ways: (1) unit cases of finished products and (2) concentrate sales. As used in this report, "unit case" means a unit of measurement equal to 192 U.S. fluid ounces of finished beverage (24 eight-ounce servings); and "unit case volume" means the number of unit cases (or unit case equivalents) of Company beverage products directly or indirectly sold by the Company and its bottling partners (the "Coca-Cola system") to customers. Unit case volume primarily consists of beverage products bearing Company trademarks. Also included in unit case volume are certain products licensed to, or distributed by, our Company, and brands owned by Coca-Cola system bottlers for which our Company provides marketing support and from the sale of which we derive economic benefit. Such products licensed to, or distributed by, our Company and brands owned by Coca-Cola system bottlers account for a minimal portion of our total unit case volume. In addition, unit case volume includes sales by joint ventures in which the Company has an equity interest. Although most of our Company's revenues are not based directly on unit case volume, we believe unit case volume is one of the measures of the underlying strength of the Coca-Cola system because it measures trends at the consumer level. The unit case volume numbers used in this report are derived based on estimates received by the Company from its bottling partners and distributors. Concentrate sales volume represents the amount of concentrates and syrups, (in all cases expressed in equivalent unit cases) sold by, or used in finished beverages sold by, the Company to its bottling partners or other customers. Most of our revenues are based on concentrate sales, a primarily wholesale activity. Unit case volume and concentrate sales growth rates are not necessarily equal during any given period. Factors such as seasonality, bottlers' inventory practices, supply point changes, timing of price increases, new product introductions and changes in product mix can impact unit case volume and concentrate sales and can create differences between unit case volume and concentrate sales growth rates. In addition to the items mentioned above, the impact of unit case volume from certain joint ventures, in which the Company has an equity interest, but to which the Company does not sell concentrates or syrups, may give rise to differences between unit case volume and concentrate sales growth rates. Information about our volume growth by operating segment is as follows: Percent Change 2009 vs. 2008 2008 vs. 2007 Concentrate Concentrate Year Ended December 31, Unit Cases1,2 Sales Unit Cases1,3 Sales Worldwide 3% 3% 5% 4% Eurasia & Africa 4% 5% 7% 7% Europe (1) (2) 3 - Latin America 6 7 8 6 North America (2) (2) (1) (2) Pacific 7 7 8 8 Bottling Investments 2 N/A 14 N/A 1 Bottling Investments operating segment data reflects unit case volume growth for consolidated bottlers only. 2 Geographic segment data reflects unit case volume growth for all bottlers in the applicable geographic areas, both consolidated and unconsolidated. 41 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mxpj0226 Unit Case Volume Although most of our Company's revenues are not based directly on unit case volume, we believe unit case volume is one of the measures of the underlying strength of the Coca-Cola system because it measures our product trends at the consumer level. The Coca-Cola system sold approximately 24.4 billion unit cases of our products in 2009, approximately 23.7 billion unit cases in 2008 and approximately 22.7 billion unit cases in 2007. Year Ended December 31, 2009, versus Year Ended December 31, 2008 In Eurasia and Africa, unit case volume increased 4 percent, which consisted of 3 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 8 percent growth in still beverages. The group's unit case volume growth was primarily attributable to 31 percent growth in India, led by 32 percent growth in sparkling beverages. This growth was largely due to double-digit growth in Trademarks Thums Up, Sprite, Maaza, Fanta and Coca-Cola. Still beverages in India grew 28 percent. The group also benefited from 6 percent volume growth in North and West Africa and 10 percent volume growth in East and Central Africa. The group's unit case volume growth also included the impact of a 14 percent volume decline in Russia, primarily due to the continued challenging economic environment. In addition, South Africa and Turkey each experienced a 1 percent unit case volume decline. Unit case volume in Europe decreased 1 percent, primarily attributable to the ongoing difficult macroeconomic conditions throughout most of Europe. These difficult macroeconomic conditions impacted a number of key markets and contributed to unit case volume declines of 8 percent in South and Eastern Europe, 4 percent in Iberia and 2 percent in Germany. The volume declines in these markets were partially offset by 6 percent unit case volume growth in France and 4 percent growth in Great Britain. The unit case volume growth in both France and Great Britain was led by Trademark Coca-Cola. In Latin America, unit case volume increased 6 percent, which consisted of 3 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 24 percent growth in still beverages. The group benefited from strong volume growth in key markets, including 6 percent in Mexico, 4 percent in Brazil, 2 percent in Argentina and double-digit growth in Colombia. Acquisitions contributed 1 percentage point of the group's total unit case volume growth. The group's sparkling beverage volume growth was primarily attributable to 4 percent growth in brand Coca-Cola. The successful integration of Jugos del Valle, S.A.B. de C.V. ("Jugos del Valle") drove still beverage volume growth. Unit case volume in North America decreased 2 percent, which reflected the impact of a continuing difficult U.S. economic environment and a competitive pricing environment. The effect of the economic environment and pricing environment was partially offset by the impact of strong customer and consumer programs. North America's unit case volume decline consisted of a 3 percent decline in sparkling beverages, partially offset by 1 percent growth in still beverages. The decline in sparkling beverages was partly attributable to the significant price increase taken by bottlers in the fourth quarter of 2008. The decline was partially offset by the continued strong performance of Coca-Cola Zero, which had unit case volume growth of 19 percent. Still beverage unit case volume growth was primarily due to the strong performance of Fuze Beverage, LLC ("Fuze"), Trademark Simply and tea. The unit case volume growth in still beverages was reduced by a double-digit volume decline in the North American water businesses, including Trademark Dasani, primarily due to the slowing water category and the Company's decision to not pursue unprofitable volume opportunities in bulk water/case packs in North America. In Pacific, unit case volume increased 7 percent, which consisted of growth in sparkling and still beverages of 6 percent and 8 percent, respectively. Sparkling beverage growth in Pacific included 14 percent growth in Trademark Sprite and 5 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola. The group's volume growth was led by 16 percent growth in China, which reflected 11 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 30 percent growth in still beverages. China's sparkling beverage volume growth was led by double-digit growth in Trademark Sprite and 6 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola: China's still beverage volume growth was led by double-digit growth in Minute Maid. The unit case volume growth in China was partially offset by a 2 percent volume decline in Japan, primarily due to the continued severe economic challenges and unfavorable weather conditions during what are traditionally high-volume months. Sparkling beverage volume in Japan was even, while still beverages declined 3 percent. The decline in still beverages included the impact of a 5 percent volume decline in Aquarius and a 3 percent decline in Georgia Coffee. Due to the weak economy, Georgia Coffee was negatively impacted by shifts away from the at-work vending channel. The group's volume increase also included a 1 percent increase in the Philippines. 42 Source: :ttps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mxpj0226 Unit case volume for Bottling Investments increased 2 percent, primarily due to the impact of unit case volume growth of 16 percent in China, 31 percent in India and 1 percent in the Philippines. The Company's consolidated bottling operations account for approximately 33 percent, 65 percent and 100 percent of the unit case volume in China, India and the Philippines, respectively. The favorable impact of unit case volume in these markets was partially offset by the sale of certain bottling operations during 2008, including Refrigerantes Minas Gerais Ltda. ("Remil"), a bottler in Brazil, and the sale of a portion of our ownership interest in Coca-Cola Beverages Pakistan Ltd. ("Coca-Cola Pakistan"), which resulted in its deconsolidation. Refer to Note 14 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. In addition, Germany's unit case volume declined 2 percent. The Company's consolidated bottling operations account for 100 percent of the unit case volume in Germany. Beginning January 1, 2010, we deconsolidated certain entities as a result of the Company's adoption of new accounting guidance issued by the FASB. These entities are primarily bottling operations and have been accounted for under the equity method of accounting since they were deconsolidated. Refer to the heading "Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates - Principles of Consolidation," above. The entities that have been deconsolidated as a result of this change in accounting policy accounted for approximately 1 percent of the Company's worldwide unit case volume in 2009 and were primarily included in the Bottling Investments operating segment. However, the deconsolidation of these entities will only impact the unit case volume data for our Bottling Investments operating segment, since our geographic segment data reflects unit case volume growth for all bottlers in the applicable geographic areas, both consolidated and unconsolidated. The Bottling Investments operating segment data reflects unit case volume growth for consolidated bottlers only. Year Ended December 31, 2008, versus Year Ended December 31, 2007 In Eurasia and Africa, unit case volume increased 7 percent, which reflected growth in sparkling and still beverages of 4 percent and 21 percent, respectively. Unit case volume growth of 15 percent in Turkey, 14 percent in India and 11 percent in Southern Eurasia drove the group's growth. Acquisitions contributed 6 percent of the unit case volume growth in Turkey during 2008. High single-digit volume growth in North and West Africa and 7 percent volume growth in Nigeria also significantly contributed to the group's growth. South Africa's unit case volume increased 1 percent for the year, which included the impact of supply chain issues related to carbon dioxide shortages in the early part of 2008. Our system has invested in manufacturing capabilities that allow us to produce our own supply of carbon dioxide to mitigate the risk of future shortages. Russia's unit case volume was even for the year, primarily due to a more challenging economic environment and unseasonable weather during the summer. Unit case volume in Europe increased 3 percent, primarily attributable to high single-digit volume growth in Eastern Europe. The group's unit case volume growth reflected 1 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 11 percent growth in still beverages. The unit case volume growth in sparkling beverages included 1 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola. Also included in the group's 2008 volume growth was the impact of a low single-digit volume decline in Iberia, primarily due to the slowing Western European economy and a truck drivers' strike in Spain during the second quarter of 2008. In Latin America, unit case volume increased 8 percent. The group benefited from strong volume growth in all key markets, including 9 percent in Mexico, 7 percent in Brazil and 5 percent in Argentina. Acquisitions contributed 3 percent of the group's total unit case volume growth in 2008. The group's unit case volume growth consisted of 4 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 40 percent growth in still beverages. Sparkling beverage unit case volume growth was primarily attributable to 4 percent volume growth in Coca-Cola. The successful integration of Jugos del Valle, which we acquired jointly with Coca-Cola FEMSA in 2007, drove still beverage volume growth. Still beverage unit case volume grew 21 percent in 2008, excluding the impact of acquisitions. Unit case volume in North America decreased 1 percent, which reflected the impact of a difficult U.S. economic environment and significant bottler price increases during the fourth quarter of 2008. The overall unit case volume decline in North America during 2008 consisted of a 3 percent unit case volume decline in sparkling beverages, partially offset by a 5 percent increase in still beverages. The decline in sparkling beverages was partly attributable to the softness of our Foodservice business and other on-premise channels, which were negatively impacted by economic conditions. The negative impact of macroeconomic conditions and bottler price increases was tempered by the successful execution of the three-cola strategy (focusing on driving unit case volume growth for Coca-Cola, Coca-Cola Zero and Diet Coke). Coca-Cola Zero continued its strong performance, increasing unit case volume 36 percent in 43 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mxpj0226 2008. Still beverage unit case volume increased 5 percent in 2008, primarily due to the strong performance of glacéau, Fuze, Trademark Simply and Minute Maid Enhanced Juices. Acquisitions contributed 4 percent of the volume growth in still beverages during 2008. The overall 5 percent unit case volume growth in still beverages also included the impact of volume declines in Trademark Dasani and Trademark Powerade during 2008, primarily due to the slowing water and sports drink categories. In Pacific, unit case volume increased 8 percent. The group's unit case volume growth was driven by 19 percent volume growth in China, which consisted of growth in both sparkling and still beverages. China's sparkling unit case volume increased 15 percent, primarily attributable to double-digit volume growth in both Trademark Coca-Cola and Trademark Sprite. Double-digit unit case volume growth in Minute Maid accounted for the majority of China's 30 percent unit case volume growth in still beverages. Also contributing to the volume growth of still beverages in China was the impact of Yuan Ye, a tea manufactured from tea leaves instead of tea powder, which was launched in 2008. The strong performance in China across our brands was partly attributable to our successful activation of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. In Japan, unit case volume was even. Sparkling beverage unit case volume grew 5 percent in 2008, led by 6 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola and 13 percent growth in Trademark Fanta. Unit case volume growth in Trademark Coca-Cola was primarily attributable to the continued success of Coca-Cola Zero and the successful execution of the three-cola strategy (focusing on driving unit case volume growth for Coca-Cola, Coca-Cola Zero and Diet Coke or Coca-Cola Light). Still beverage unit case volume declined 1 percent in 2008, primarily due to declines in Sokenbicha and Aquarius. The impact of these volume declines on still beverages was partially offset by a 2 percent unit case volume increase in Georgia Coffee. Unit case volume for Bottling Investments increased 14 percent. The group's unit case volume growth was primarily attributable to the full year impact of prior year acquisitions, including, but not limited to, 18 bottling and distribution operations in Germany, Nordeste Refrigerantes S.A. ("NORSA") and CCBPI. Refer to Note 17 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Additionally, the unit case volume growth reflected the overall improving health of the Company's consolidated bottling operations. The favorable impact that the previously mentioned items had on unit case volume growth was partially offset by the sale of Remil and the sale of a portion of our ownership interest in Coca-Cola Pakistan, which resulted in its deconsolidation. Refer to the heading "Operations Review - Other Income (Loss) - Net" and Note 14 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Concentrate Sales Volume In 2009, concentrate sales volume and unit case volume both grew 3 percent compared to 2008. The differences between unit case volume and concentrate sales volume growth rates for individual operating segments were primarily due to the timing of concentrate shipments and the impact of unit case volume from certain joint ventures in which the Company has an equity interest, but to which the Company does not sell concentrates, syrups, beverage bases or powders. Concentrate sales volume and unit case volume grew 4 percent and 5 percent, respectively, in 2008 compared to 2007. The differences between unit case volume and concentrate sales volume growth rates for all segments were primarily due to timing of concentrate shipments and the impact of unit case volume from certain joint ventures in which the Company has an equity interest, but to which the Company does not sell concentrates, syrups, beverage bases or powders. 44 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mxpj0226 Analysis of Consolidated Statements of Income Percent Change Year Ended December 31, 2009 2008 2007 2009 vs. 2008 2008 vs. 2007 (In millions except percentages and per share data) NET OPERATING REVENUES $ 30,990 $ 31,944 $ 28,857 (3)% 11% Cost of goods sold 11,088 11,374 10,406 (3) 9 GROSS PROFIT 19,902 20,570 18,451 (3) 11 GROSS PROFIT MARGIN 64.2% 64.4% 63.9% Selling, general and administrative expenses 11,358 11,774 10,945 (4) 8 Other operating charges 313 350 254 * * OPERATING INCOME 8,231 8,446 7,252 (3) 16 OPERATING MARGIN 26.6% 26.4% 25.1% Interest income 249 333 236 (25) 41 Interest expense 355 438 456 (19) (4) Equity income (loss) - net 781 (874) 668 * * Other income (loss) - net 40 39 219 * * INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES 8,946 7,506 7,919 19 (5) Income taxes 2,040 1,632 1,892 25 (14) Effective tax rate 22.8% 21.7% 23.9% CONSOLIDATED NET INCOME 6,906 5,874 6,027 18 (3) Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 82 67 46 22 46 NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO SHAREOWNERS OF THE COCA-COLA COMPANY $ 6,824 $ 5,807 $ 5,981 18% (3)% NET INCOME PER SHARE¹ Basic net income per share $ 2.95 $ 2.51 $ 2.59 18% (3)9 Diluted net income per share $ 2.93 $ 2.49 $ 2.57 18% (3)% * Calculation is not meaningful. 1 Basic net income per share and diluted net income per share are calculated based on net income attributable to shareowners of The Coca-Cola Company. 45 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mxpj0226 Net Operating Revenues Net operating revenues decreased by $954 million, or 3 percent, in 2009 compared to 2008 and increased by $3,087 million, or 11 percent, in 2008 compared to 2007. The following table illustrates, on a percentage basis, the estimated impact of key factors resulting in the increase (decrease) in net operating revenues: Percent Change Year Ended December 31, 2009 vs. 2008 2008 VS. 2007 Increase in concentrate sales volume 3% 4% Structural changes (1) - Price and product/geographic mix - 3 Impact of currency fluctuations versus the U.S. dollar (5) 4 Total percentage increase (decrease) (3)% 11% Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume" for a discussion of concentrate sales volume. Also included in concentrate sales volume is the impact of acquired beverage companies and the acquisition of trademarks. Year Ended December 31, 2009, versus Year Ended December 31, 2008 "Structural changes" refers to acquisitions or dispositions of bottling, distribution or canning operations and consolidation or deconsolidation of bottling and distribution entities for accounting purposes. Structural changes accounted for approximately 1 percent of the decrease in net operating revenues. This decrease was primarily attributable to the sale of certain bottling operations during 2008, including Remil and a portion of our ownership interest in Coca-Cola Pakistan, which resulted in its deconsolidation. Refer to the heading "Operations Review - Other Income (Loss) - Net" and Note 14 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Price and product/geographic mix had a net zero percent impact on net operating revenues. Favorable pricing and product/package mix in a number of our key markets was offset by: shifts in our marketing and media spend strategies, shifts away from the at-work vending channel in our Japanese business, our current focus to drive greater affordability initiatives across many key markets to ensure we continue building brand relevance and equity with consumers, and unfavorable geographic mix as a result of growth in our emerging and developing markets. The shift in our marketing and media spend strategies was primarily due to spending more marketing dollars toward in-store activations, loyalty points programs and point-of-sale marketing. Many of these strategies impact net revenues instead of marketing expenses. Refer to the heading "Selling, General and Administrative Expenses," below. The growth in our emerging and developing markets resulted in unfavorable geographic mix due to the fact that the revenue per unit sold in these markets is generally less than in developed markets. Refer to the heading "Operating Income and Operating Margin," below. We currently expect the impact of price and product/geographic mix in 2010 to be similar to 2009. The unfavorable impact of currency fluctuations decreased net operating revenues by approximately 5 percent. The unfavorable impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates was primarily due to a stronger U.S. dollar compared to most foreign currencies, including the euro, South African rand, British pound, Brazilian real, Mexican peso and Australian dollar, which had an unfavorable impact on the Eurasia and Africa, Europe, Latin America, Pacific and Bottling Investments operating segments. The unfavorable impact of a stronger U.S. dollar compared to the aforementioned currencies was partially offset by the impact of a weaker U.S. dollar compared to certain other foreign currencies, including the Japanese yen, which had a favorable impact on the Pacific operating segment. Refer to the heading "Liquidity, Capital Resources and Financial Position - Foreign Exchange." Beginning January 1, 2010, we deconsolidated certain entities as a result of the Company's adoption of new accounting guidance issued by the FASB. These entities are primarily bottling operations and have been accounted for under the equity method of accounting since they were deconsolidated. Refer to the heading "Critical Accounting Policies and \ Estimates - Principles of Consolidation," above. The entities that have been deconsolidated as a result of this change in accounting policy accounted for approximately 3 percent of the Company's consolidated net operating revenues in 2009. Refer to the heading "Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates - Principles of Consolidation," above. 46 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mxpj0226 Year Ended December 31, 2008, versus Year Ended December 31, 2007 Structural changes had a net zero percent impact on net operating revenues. The increase in net operating revenues attributable to the full year impact of prior year acquisitions, including, but not limited to, 18 German bottling and distribution operations, NORSA and CCBPI, was offset by the sale of Remil and the sale of a portion of our ownership interest in Coca-Cola Pakistan, which resulted in its deconsolidation. Refer to Note 14 and Note 17 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Price and product/geographic mix increased net operating revenues by 3 percent, primarily due to favorable pricing and product/package mix across the majority of the operating segments. The favorable impact of currency fluctuations increased net operating revenues by 4 percent. The U.S. dollar weakened against certain key currencies in 2008 including, but not limited to, the euro, Japanese yen and Brazilian real. The fluctuations in these currencies favorably impacted the Europe, Pacific, Latin America and Bottling Investments operating segments. The favorable impact of fluctuations in the aforementioned currencies was partially offset by the unfavorable impact of the U.S. dollar strengthening against the South African rand and the British pound during 2008. The fluctuations in these currencies unfavorably impacted the Eurasia and Africa, Europe and Bottling Investments operating segments. Refer to the heading "Liquidity, Capital Resources and Financial Position - Foreign Exchange." Net Operating Revenues by Operating Segment Information about our net operating revenues by operating segment as a percentage of Company net operating revenues is as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2009 2008 2007 Eurasia & Africa 6.4% 6.7% 6.8% Europe 13.9 15.0 15.4 Latin America 12.0 11.3 10.6 North America 26.4 25.7 26.9 Pacific 14.6 13.7 13.9 Bottling Investments 26.4 27.3 26.2 Corporate 0.3 0.3 0.2 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% The percentage contribution of each operating segment has changed due to net operating revenues in certain operating segments growing at a faster rate compared to the other operating segments. Net operating revenue growth rates are impacted by concentrate sales volume growth rates, structural changes, price and product/geographic mix, and foreign currency fluctuations. The size and timing of structural changes, including acquisitions or dispositions of bottling and canning operations, do not occur consistently from period to period. As a result, anticipating the impact of such events on future increases or decreases in net operating revenues (and other financial statement line items) usually is not possible. However, we expect to continue to buy and sell bottling interests in limited circumstances and, as a result, structural changes will continue to affect our consolidated financial statements in future periods. Gross Profit Year Ended December 31, 2009, versus Year Ended December 31, 2008 Our gross profit margin decreased to 64.2 percent in 2009 from 64.4 percent in 2008, primarily due to foreign currency fluctuations, the growth of our finished product operations, unfavorable geographic mix as a result of growth in our emerging and developing markets, our current focus to drive greater affordability initiatives across many key markets, and unfavorable channel and product mix in certain key markets. The unfavorable impact of the previously mentioned items was partially offset by the favorable impact of price increases in certain markets, lower costs related to several key commodities and the sale of certain bottling operations in 2008. Generally, bottling and finished product operations produce higher net operating revenues but lower gross profit margins compared to concentrate and syrup operations. Bottling operations sold in 2008 included Remil and a portion of our ownership interest in Coca-Cola Pakistan, which 47 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mxpj0226

what is the basic net income per share for 2009 vs 2008

mxpj0226

mxpj0226_p0, mxpj0226_p1, mxpj0226_p2, mxpj0226_p3, mxpj0226_p4, mxpj0226_p5, mxpj0226_p6, mxpj0226_p7

18%

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009 OR TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to Commission File No. 1-2217 The (Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter) DELAWARE 58-0628465 (State or other jurisdiction of (IRS Employer incorporation or organization) Identification No.) One Coca-Cola Plaza Atlanta, Georgia 30313 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (404) 676-2121 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Name of each exchange on which registered COMMON STOCK, $0.25 PAR VALUE NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes No Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes No Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes No Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes No Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): Large accelerated filer Accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer Smaller reporting company (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes No The aggregate market value of the common equity held by non-affiliates of the Registrant (assuming for these purposes, but without conceding, that all executive officers and Directors are "affiliates" of the Registrant) as of July 3, 2009, the last business day of the Registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was $107,556,224,589 (based on the closing sale price of the Registrant's Common Stock on that date as reported on the New York Stock Exchange). The number of shares outstanding of the Registrant's Common Stock as of February 22, 2010 was 2,305,123,938. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Portions of the Company's Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareowners to be held on April 21, 2010, are incorporated by reference in Part III. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mxpj0226 Operations Review We manufacture, distribute and market nonalcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups. We also manufacture, distribute and market finished beverages. Our organizational structure as of December 31, 2009, consisted of the following operating segments, the first six of which are sometimes referred to as "operating groups" or "groups": Eurasia and Africa; Europe; Latin America; North America; Pacific; Bottling Investments; and Corporate. For further information regarding our operating segments, refer to Note 18 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Beverage Volume We measure the volume of Company beverage products sold in two ways: (1) unit cases of finished products and (2) concentrate sales. As used in this report, "unit case" means a unit of measurement equal to 192 U.S. fluid ounces of finished beverage (24 eight-ounce servings); and "unit case volume" means the number of unit cases (or unit case equivalents) of Company beverage products directly or indirectly sold by the Company and its bottling partners (the "Coca-Cola system") to customers. Unit case volume primarily consists of beverage products bearing Company trademarks. Also included in unit case volume are certain products licensed to, or distributed by, our Company, and brands owned by Coca-Cola system bottlers for which our Company provides marketing support and from the sale of which we derive economic benefit. Such products licensed to, or distributed by, our Company and brands owned by Coca-Cola system bottlers account for a minimal portion of our total unit case volume. In addition, unit case volume includes sales by joint ventures in which the Company has an equity interest. Although most of our Company's revenues are not based directly on unit case volume, we believe unit case volume is one of the measures of the underlying strength of the Coca-Cola system because it measures trends at the consumer level. The unit case volume numbers used in this report are derived based on estimates received by the Company from its bottling partners and distributors. Concentrate sales volume represents the amount of concentrates and syrups, (in all cases expressed in equivalent unit cases) sold by, or used in finished beverages sold by, the Company to its bottling partners or other customers. Most of our revenues are based on concentrate sales, a primarily wholesale activity. Unit case volume and concentrate sales growth rates are not necessarily equal during any given period. Factors such as seasonality, bottlers' inventory practices, supply point changes, timing of price increases, new product introductions and changes in product mix can impact unit case volume and concentrate sales and can create differences between unit case volume and concentrate sales growth rates. In addition to the items mentioned above, the impact of unit case volume from certain joint ventures, in which the Company has an equity interest, but to which the Company does not sell concentrates or syrups, may give rise to differences between unit case volume and concentrate sales growth rates. Information about our volume growth by operating segment is as follows: Percent Change 2009 vs. 2008 2008 vs. 2007 Concentrate Concentrate Year Ended December 31, Unit Cases1,2 Sales Unit Cases1,3 Sales Worldwide 3% 3% 5% 4% Eurasia & Africa 4% 5% 7% 7% Europe (1) (2) 3 - Latin America 6 7 8 6 North America (2) (2) (1) (2) Pacific 7 7 8 8 Bottling Investments 2 N/A 14 N/A 1 Bottling Investments operating segment data reflects unit case volume growth for consolidated bottlers only. 2 Geographic segment data reflects unit case volume growth for all bottlers in the applicable geographic areas, both consolidated and unconsolidated. 41 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mxpj0226 Unit Case Volume Although most of our Company's revenues are not based directly on unit case volume, we believe unit case volume is one of the measures of the underlying strength of the Coca-Cola system because it measures our product trends at the consumer level. The Coca-Cola system sold approximately 24.4 billion unit cases of our products in 2009, approximately 23.7 billion unit cases in 2008 and approximately 22.7 billion unit cases in 2007. Year Ended December 31, 2009, versus Year Ended December 31, 2008 In Eurasia and Africa, unit case volume increased 4 percent, which consisted of 3 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 8 percent growth in still beverages. The group's unit case volume growth was primarily attributable to 31 percent growth in India, led by 32 percent growth in sparkling beverages. This growth was largely due to double-digit growth in Trademarks Thums Up, Sprite, Maaza, Fanta and Coca-Cola. Still beverages in India grew 28 percent. The group also benefited from 6 percent volume growth in North and West Africa and 10 percent volume growth in East and Central Africa. The group's unit case volume growth also included the impact of a 14 percent volume decline in Russia, primarily due to the continued challenging economic environment. In addition, South Africa and Turkey each experienced a 1 percent unit case volume decline. Unit case volume in Europe decreased 1 percent, primarily attributable to the ongoing difficult macroeconomic conditions throughout most of Europe. These difficult macroeconomic conditions impacted a number of key markets and contributed to unit case volume declines of 8 percent in South and Eastern Europe, 4 percent in Iberia and 2 percent in Germany. The volume declines in these markets were partially offset by 6 percent unit case volume growth in France and 4 percent growth in Great Britain. The unit case volume growth in both France and Great Britain was led by Trademark Coca-Cola. In Latin America, unit case volume increased 6 percent, which consisted of 3 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 24 percent growth in still beverages. The group benefited from strong volume growth in key markets, including 6 percent in Mexico, 4 percent in Brazil, 2 percent in Argentina and double-digit growth in Colombia. Acquisitions contributed 1 percentage point of the group's total unit case volume growth. The group's sparkling beverage volume growth was primarily attributable to 4 percent growth in brand Coca-Cola. The successful integration of Jugos del Valle, S.A.B. de C.V. ("Jugos del Valle") drove still beverage volume growth. Unit case volume in North America decreased 2 percent, which reflected the impact of a continuing difficult U.S. economic environment and a competitive pricing environment. The effect of the economic environment and pricing environment was partially offset by the impact of strong customer and consumer programs. North America's unit case volume decline consisted of a 3 percent decline in sparkling beverages, partially offset by 1 percent growth in still beverages. The decline in sparkling beverages was partly attributable to the significant price increase taken by bottlers in the fourth quarter of 2008. The decline was partially offset by the continued strong performance of Coca-Cola Zero, which had unit case volume growth of 19 percent. Still beverage unit case volume growth was primarily due to the strong performance of Fuze Beverage, LLC ("Fuze"), Trademark Simply and tea. The unit case volume growth in still beverages was reduced by a double-digit volume decline in the North American water businesses, including Trademark Dasani, primarily due to the slowing water category and the Company's decision to not pursue unprofitable volume opportunities in bulk water/case packs in North America. In Pacific, unit case volume increased 7 percent, which consisted of growth in sparkling and still beverages of 6 percent and 8 percent, respectively. Sparkling beverage growth in Pacific included 14 percent growth in Trademark Sprite and 5 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola. The group's volume growth was led by 16 percent growth in China, which reflected 11 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 30 percent growth in still beverages. China's sparkling beverage volume growth was led by double-digit growth in Trademark Sprite and 6 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola: China's still beverage volume growth was led by double-digit growth in Minute Maid. The unit case volume growth in China was partially offset by a 2 percent volume decline in Japan, primarily due to the continued severe economic challenges and unfavorable weather conditions during what are traditionally high-volume months. Sparkling beverage volume in Japan was even, while still beverages declined 3 percent. The decline in still beverages included the impact of a 5 percent volume decline in Aquarius and a 3 percent decline in Georgia Coffee. Due to the weak economy, Georgia Coffee was negatively impacted by shifts away from the at-work vending channel. The group's volume increase also included a 1 percent increase in the Philippines. 42 Source: :ttps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mxpj0226 Unit case volume for Bottling Investments increased 2 percent, primarily due to the impact of unit case volume growth of 16 percent in China, 31 percent in India and 1 percent in the Philippines. The Company's consolidated bottling operations account for approximately 33 percent, 65 percent and 100 percent of the unit case volume in China, India and the Philippines, respectively. The favorable impact of unit case volume in these markets was partially offset by the sale of certain bottling operations during 2008, including Refrigerantes Minas Gerais Ltda. ("Remil"), a bottler in Brazil, and the sale of a portion of our ownership interest in Coca-Cola Beverages Pakistan Ltd. ("Coca-Cola Pakistan"), which resulted in its deconsolidation. Refer to Note 14 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. In addition, Germany's unit case volume declined 2 percent. The Company's consolidated bottling operations account for 100 percent of the unit case volume in Germany. Beginning January 1, 2010, we deconsolidated certain entities as a result of the Company's adoption of new accounting guidance issued by the FASB. These entities are primarily bottling operations and have been accounted for under the equity method of accounting since they were deconsolidated. Refer to the heading "Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates - Principles of Consolidation," above. The entities that have been deconsolidated as a result of this change in accounting policy accounted for approximately 1 percent of the Company's worldwide unit case volume in 2009 and were primarily included in the Bottling Investments operating segment. However, the deconsolidation of these entities will only impact the unit case volume data for our Bottling Investments operating segment, since our geographic segment data reflects unit case volume growth for all bottlers in the applicable geographic areas, both consolidated and unconsolidated. The Bottling Investments operating segment data reflects unit case volume growth for consolidated bottlers only. Year Ended December 31, 2008, versus Year Ended December 31, 2007 In Eurasia and Africa, unit case volume increased 7 percent, which reflected growth in sparkling and still beverages of 4 percent and 21 percent, respectively. Unit case volume growth of 15 percent in Turkey, 14 percent in India and 11 percent in Southern Eurasia drove the group's growth. Acquisitions contributed 6 percent of the unit case volume growth in Turkey during 2008. High single-digit volume growth in North and West Africa and 7 percent volume growth in Nigeria also significantly contributed to the group's growth. South Africa's unit case volume increased 1 percent for the year, which included the impact of supply chain issues related to carbon dioxide shortages in the early part of 2008. Our system has invested in manufacturing capabilities that allow us to produce our own supply of carbon dioxide to mitigate the risk of future shortages. Russia's unit case volume was even for the year, primarily due to a more challenging economic environment and unseasonable weather during the summer. Unit case volume in Europe increased 3 percent, primarily attributable to high single-digit volume growth in Eastern Europe. The group's unit case volume growth reflected 1 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 11 percent growth in still beverages. The unit case volume growth in sparkling beverages included 1 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola. Also included in the group's 2008 volume growth was the impact of a low single-digit volume decline in Iberia, primarily due to the slowing Western European economy and a truck drivers' strike in Spain during the second quarter of 2008. In Latin America, unit case volume increased 8 percent. The group benefited from strong volume growth in all key markets, including 9 percent in Mexico, 7 percent in Brazil and 5 percent in Argentina. Acquisitions contributed 3 percent of the group's total unit case volume growth in 2008. The group's unit case volume growth consisted of 4 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 40 percent growth in still beverages. Sparkling beverage unit case volume growth was primarily attributable to 4 percent volume growth in Coca-Cola. The successful integration of Jugos del Valle, which we acquired jointly with Coca-Cola FEMSA in 2007, drove still beverage volume growth. Still beverage unit case volume grew 21 percent in 2008, excluding the impact of acquisitions. Unit case volume in North America decreased 1 percent, which reflected the impact of a difficult U.S. economic environment and significant bottler price increases during the fourth quarter of 2008. The overall unit case volume decline in North America during 2008 consisted of a 3 percent unit case volume decline in sparkling beverages, partially offset by a 5 percent increase in still beverages. The decline in sparkling beverages was partly attributable to the softness of our Foodservice business and other on-premise channels, which were negatively impacted by economic conditions. The negative impact of macroeconomic conditions and bottler price increases was tempered by the successful execution of the three-cola strategy (focusing on driving unit case volume growth for Coca-Cola, Coca-Cola Zero and Diet Coke). Coca-Cola Zero continued its strong performance, increasing unit case volume 36 percent in 43 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mxpj0226 2008. Still beverage unit case volume increased 5 percent in 2008, primarily due to the strong performance of glacéau, Fuze, Trademark Simply and Minute Maid Enhanced Juices. Acquisitions contributed 4 percent of the volume growth in still beverages during 2008. The overall 5 percent unit case volume growth in still beverages also included the impact of volume declines in Trademark Dasani and Trademark Powerade during 2008, primarily due to the slowing water and sports drink categories. In Pacific, unit case volume increased 8 percent. The group's unit case volume growth was driven by 19 percent volume growth in China, which consisted of growth in both sparkling and still beverages. China's sparkling unit case volume increased 15 percent, primarily attributable to double-digit volume growth in both Trademark Coca-Cola and Trademark Sprite. Double-digit unit case volume growth in Minute Maid accounted for the majority of China's 30 percent unit case volume growth in still beverages. Also contributing to the volume growth of still beverages in China was the impact of Yuan Ye, a tea manufactured from tea leaves instead of tea powder, which was launched in 2008. The strong performance in China across our brands was partly attributable to our successful activation of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. In Japan, unit case volume was even. Sparkling beverage unit case volume grew 5 percent in 2008, led by 6 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola and 13 percent growth in Trademark Fanta. Unit case volume growth in Trademark Coca-Cola was primarily attributable to the continued success of Coca-Cola Zero and the successful execution of the three-cola strategy (focusing on driving unit case volume growth for Coca-Cola, Coca-Cola Zero and Diet Coke or Coca-Cola Light). Still beverage unit case volume declined 1 percent in 2008, primarily due to declines in Sokenbicha and Aquarius. The impact of these volume declines on still beverages was partially offset by a 2 percent unit case volume increase in Georgia Coffee. Unit case volume for Bottling Investments increased 14 percent. The group's unit case volume growth was primarily attributable to the full year impact of prior year acquisitions, including, but not limited to, 18 bottling and distribution operations in Germany, Nordeste Refrigerantes S.A. ("NORSA") and CCBPI. Refer to Note 17 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Additionally, the unit case volume growth reflected the overall improving health of the Company's consolidated bottling operations. The favorable impact that the previously mentioned items had on unit case volume growth was partially offset by the sale of Remil and the sale of a portion of our ownership interest in Coca-Cola Pakistan, which resulted in its deconsolidation. Refer to the heading "Operations Review - Other Income (Loss) - Net" and Note 14 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Concentrate Sales Volume In 2009, concentrate sales volume and unit case volume both grew 3 percent compared to 2008. The differences between unit case volume and concentrate sales volume growth rates for individual operating segments were primarily due to the timing of concentrate shipments and the impact of unit case volume from certain joint ventures in which the Company has an equity interest, but to which the Company does not sell concentrates, syrups, beverage bases or powders. Concentrate sales volume and unit case volume grew 4 percent and 5 percent, respectively, in 2008 compared to 2007. The differences between unit case volume and concentrate sales volume growth rates for all segments were primarily due to timing of concentrate shipments and the impact of unit case volume from certain joint ventures in which the Company has an equity interest, but to which the Company does not sell concentrates, syrups, beverage bases or powders. 44 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mxpj0226 Analysis of Consolidated Statements of Income Percent Change Year Ended December 31, 2009 2008 2007 2009 vs. 2008 2008 vs. 2007 (In millions except percentages and per share data) NET OPERATING REVENUES $ 30,990 $ 31,944 $ 28,857 (3)% 11% Cost of goods sold 11,088 11,374 10,406 (3) 9 GROSS PROFIT 19,902 20,570 18,451 (3) 11 GROSS PROFIT MARGIN 64.2% 64.4% 63.9% Selling, general and administrative expenses 11,358 11,774 10,945 (4) 8 Other operating charges 313 350 254 * * OPERATING INCOME 8,231 8,446 7,252 (3) 16 OPERATING MARGIN 26.6% 26.4% 25.1% Interest income 249 333 236 (25) 41 Interest expense 355 438 456 (19) (4) Equity income (loss) - net 781 (874) 668 * * Other income (loss) - net 40 39 219 * * INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES 8,946 7,506 7,919 19 (5) Income taxes 2,040 1,632 1,892 25 (14) Effective tax rate 22.8% 21.7% 23.9% CONSOLIDATED NET INCOME 6,906 5,874 6,027 18 (3) Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 82 67 46 22 46 NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO SHAREOWNERS OF THE COCA-COLA COMPANY $ 6,824 $ 5,807 $ 5,981 18% (3)% NET INCOME PER SHARE¹ Basic net income per share $ 2.95 $ 2.51 $ 2.59 18% (3)9 Diluted net income per share $ 2.93 $ 2.49 $ 2.57 18% (3)% * Calculation is not meaningful. 1 Basic net income per share and diluted net income per share are calculated based on net income attributable to shareowners of The Coca-Cola Company. 45 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mxpj0226 Net Operating Revenues Net operating revenues decreased by $954 million, or 3 percent, in 2009 compared to 2008 and increased by $3,087 million, or 11 percent, in 2008 compared to 2007. The following table illustrates, on a percentage basis, the estimated impact of key factors resulting in the increase (decrease) in net operating revenues: Percent Change Year Ended December 31, 2009 vs. 2008 2008 VS. 2007 Increase in concentrate sales volume 3% 4% Structural changes (1) - Price and product/geographic mix - 3 Impact of currency fluctuations versus the U.S. dollar (5) 4 Total percentage increase (decrease) (3)% 11% Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume" for a discussion of concentrate sales volume. Also included in concentrate sales volume is the impact of acquired beverage companies and the acquisition of trademarks. Year Ended December 31, 2009, versus Year Ended December 31, 2008 "Structural changes" refers to acquisitions or dispositions of bottling, distribution or canning operations and consolidation or deconsolidation of bottling and distribution entities for accounting purposes. Structural changes accounted for approximately 1 percent of the decrease in net operating revenues. This decrease was primarily attributable to the sale of certain bottling operations during 2008, including Remil and a portion of our ownership interest in Coca-Cola Pakistan, which resulted in its deconsolidation. Refer to the heading "Operations Review - Other Income (Loss) - Net" and Note 14 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Price and product/geographic mix had a net zero percent impact on net operating revenues. Favorable pricing and product/package mix in a number of our key markets was offset by: shifts in our marketing and media spend strategies, shifts away from the at-work vending channel in our Japanese business, our current focus to drive greater affordability initiatives across many key markets to ensure we continue building brand relevance and equity with consumers, and unfavorable geographic mix as a result of growth in our emerging and developing markets. The shift in our marketing and media spend strategies was primarily due to spending more marketing dollars toward in-store activations, loyalty points programs and point-of-sale marketing. Many of these strategies impact net revenues instead of marketing expenses. Refer to the heading "Selling, General and Administrative Expenses," below. The growth in our emerging and developing markets resulted in unfavorable geographic mix due to the fact that the revenue per unit sold in these markets is generally less than in developed markets. Refer to the heading "Operating Income and Operating Margin," below. We currently expect the impact of price and product/geographic mix in 2010 to be similar to 2009. The unfavorable impact of currency fluctuations decreased net operating revenues by approximately 5 percent. The unfavorable impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates was primarily due to a stronger U.S. dollar compared to most foreign currencies, including the euro, South African rand, British pound, Brazilian real, Mexican peso and Australian dollar, which had an unfavorable impact on the Eurasia and Africa, Europe, Latin America, Pacific and Bottling Investments operating segments. The unfavorable impact of a stronger U.S. dollar compared to the aforementioned currencies was partially offset by the impact of a weaker U.S. dollar compared to certain other foreign currencies, including the Japanese yen, which had a favorable impact on the Pacific operating segment. Refer to the heading "Liquidity, Capital Resources and Financial Position - Foreign Exchange." Beginning January 1, 2010, we deconsolidated certain entities as a result of the Company's adoption of new accounting guidance issued by the FASB. These entities are primarily bottling operations and have been accounted for under the equity method of accounting since they were deconsolidated. Refer to the heading "Critical Accounting Policies and \ Estimates - Principles of Consolidation," above. The entities that have been deconsolidated as a result of this change in accounting policy accounted for approximately 3 percent of the Company's consolidated net operating revenues in 2009. Refer to the heading "Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates - Principles of Consolidation," above. 46 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mxpj0226 Year Ended December 31, 2008, versus Year Ended December 31, 2007 Structural changes had a net zero percent impact on net operating revenues. The increase in net operating revenues attributable to the full year impact of prior year acquisitions, including, but not limited to, 18 German bottling and distribution operations, NORSA and CCBPI, was offset by the sale of Remil and the sale of a portion of our ownership interest in Coca-Cola Pakistan, which resulted in its deconsolidation. Refer to Note 14 and Note 17 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Price and product/geographic mix increased net operating revenues by 3 percent, primarily due to favorable pricing and product/package mix across the majority of the operating segments. The favorable impact of currency fluctuations increased net operating revenues by 4 percent. The U.S. dollar weakened against certain key currencies in 2008 including, but not limited to, the euro, Japanese yen and Brazilian real. The fluctuations in these currencies favorably impacted the Europe, Pacific, Latin America and Bottling Investments operating segments. The favorable impact of fluctuations in the aforementioned currencies was partially offset by the unfavorable impact of the U.S. dollar strengthening against the South African rand and the British pound during 2008. The fluctuations in these currencies unfavorably impacted the Eurasia and Africa, Europe and Bottling Investments operating segments. Refer to the heading "Liquidity, Capital Resources and Financial Position - Foreign Exchange." Net Operating Revenues by Operating Segment Information about our net operating revenues by operating segment as a percentage of Company net operating revenues is as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2009 2008 2007 Eurasia & Africa 6.4% 6.7% 6.8% Europe 13.9 15.0 15.4 Latin America 12.0 11.3 10.6 North America 26.4 25.7 26.9 Pacific 14.6 13.7 13.9 Bottling Investments 26.4 27.3 26.2 Corporate 0.3 0.3 0.2 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% The percentage contribution of each operating segment has changed due to net operating revenues in certain operating segments growing at a faster rate compared to the other operating segments. Net operating revenue growth rates are impacted by concentrate sales volume growth rates, structural changes, price and product/geographic mix, and foreign currency fluctuations. The size and timing of structural changes, including acquisitions or dispositions of bottling and canning operations, do not occur consistently from period to period. As a result, anticipating the impact of such events on future increases or decreases in net operating revenues (and other financial statement line items) usually is not possible. However, we expect to continue to buy and sell bottling interests in limited circumstances and, as a result, structural changes will continue to affect our consolidated financial statements in future periods. Gross Profit Year Ended December 31, 2009, versus Year Ended December 31, 2008 Our gross profit margin decreased to 64.2 percent in 2009 from 64.4 percent in 2008, primarily due to foreign currency fluctuations, the growth of our finished product operations, unfavorable geographic mix as a result of growth in our emerging and developing markets, our current focus to drive greater affordability initiatives across many key markets, and unfavorable channel and product mix in certain key markets. The unfavorable impact of the previously mentioned items was partially offset by the favorable impact of price increases in certain markets, lower costs related to several key commodities and the sale of certain bottling operations in 2008. Generally, bottling and finished product operations produce higher net operating revenues but lower gross profit margins compared to concentrate and syrup operations. Bottling operations sold in 2008 included Remil and a portion of our ownership interest in Coca-Cola Pakistan, which 47 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mxpj0226

what is the consolidated net income in the year 2008

mxpj0226

mxpj0226_p0, mxpj0226_p1, mxpj0226_p2, mxpj0226_p3, mxpj0226_p4, mxpj0226_p5, mxpj0226_p6, mxpj0226_p7

5,874, 5,784 millions

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009 OR TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to Commission File No. 1-2217 The (Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter) DELAWARE 58-0628465 (State or other jurisdiction of (IRS Employer incorporation or organization) Identification No.) One Coca-Cola Plaza Atlanta, Georgia 30313 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (404) 676-2121 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Name of each exchange on which registered COMMON STOCK, $0.25 PAR VALUE NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes No Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes No Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes No Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes No Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): Large accelerated filer Accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer Smaller reporting company (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes No The aggregate market value of the common equity held by non-affiliates of the Registrant (assuming for these purposes, but without conceding, that all executive officers and Directors are "affiliates" of the Registrant) as of July 3, 2009, the last business day of the Registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was $107,556,224,589 (based on the closing sale price of the Registrant's Common Stock on that date as reported on the New York Stock Exchange). The number of shares outstanding of the Registrant's Common Stock as of February 22, 2010 was 2,305,123,938. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Portions of the Company's Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareowners to be held on April 21, 2010, are incorporated by reference in Part III. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mxpj0226 Operations Review We manufacture, distribute and market nonalcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups. We also manufacture, distribute and market finished beverages. Our organizational structure as of December 31, 2009, consisted of the following operating segments, the first six of which are sometimes referred to as "operating groups" or "groups": Eurasia and Africa; Europe; Latin America; North America; Pacific; Bottling Investments; and Corporate. For further information regarding our operating segments, refer to Note 18 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Beverage Volume We measure the volume of Company beverage products sold in two ways: (1) unit cases of finished products and (2) concentrate sales. As used in this report, "unit case" means a unit of measurement equal to 192 U.S. fluid ounces of finished beverage (24 eight-ounce servings); and "unit case volume" means the number of unit cases (or unit case equivalents) of Company beverage products directly or indirectly sold by the Company and its bottling partners (the "Coca-Cola system") to customers. Unit case volume primarily consists of beverage products bearing Company trademarks. Also included in unit case volume are certain products licensed to, or distributed by, our Company, and brands owned by Coca-Cola system bottlers for which our Company provides marketing support and from the sale of which we derive economic benefit. Such products licensed to, or distributed by, our Company and brands owned by Coca-Cola system bottlers account for a minimal portion of our total unit case volume. In addition, unit case volume includes sales by joint ventures in which the Company has an equity interest. Although most of our Company's revenues are not based directly on unit case volume, we believe unit case volume is one of the measures of the underlying strength of the Coca-Cola system because it measures trends at the consumer level. The unit case volume numbers used in this report are derived based on estimates received by the Company from its bottling partners and distributors. Concentrate sales volume represents the amount of concentrates and syrups, (in all cases expressed in equivalent unit cases) sold by, or used in finished beverages sold by, the Company to its bottling partners or other customers. Most of our revenues are based on concentrate sales, a primarily wholesale activity. Unit case volume and concentrate sales growth rates are not necessarily equal during any given period. Factors such as seasonality, bottlers' inventory practices, supply point changes, timing of price increases, new product introductions and changes in product mix can impact unit case volume and concentrate sales and can create differences between unit case volume and concentrate sales growth rates. In addition to the items mentioned above, the impact of unit case volume from certain joint ventures, in which the Company has an equity interest, but to which the Company does not sell concentrates or syrups, may give rise to differences between unit case volume and concentrate sales growth rates. Information about our volume growth by operating segment is as follows: Percent Change 2009 vs. 2008 2008 vs. 2007 Concentrate Concentrate Year Ended December 31, Unit Cases1,2 Sales Unit Cases1,3 Sales Worldwide 3% 3% 5% 4% Eurasia & Africa 4% 5% 7% 7% Europe (1) (2) 3 - Latin America 6 7 8 6 North America (2) (2) (1) (2) Pacific 7 7 8 8 Bottling Investments 2 N/A 14 N/A 1 Bottling Investments operating segment data reflects unit case volume growth for consolidated bottlers only. 2 Geographic segment data reflects unit case volume growth for all bottlers in the applicable geographic areas, both consolidated and unconsolidated. 41 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mxpj0226 Unit Case Volume Although most of our Company's revenues are not based directly on unit case volume, we believe unit case volume is one of the measures of the underlying strength of the Coca-Cola system because it measures our product trends at the consumer level. The Coca-Cola system sold approximately 24.4 billion unit cases of our products in 2009, approximately 23.7 billion unit cases in 2008 and approximately 22.7 billion unit cases in 2007. Year Ended December 31, 2009, versus Year Ended December 31, 2008 In Eurasia and Africa, unit case volume increased 4 percent, which consisted of 3 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 8 percent growth in still beverages. The group's unit case volume growth was primarily attributable to 31 percent growth in India, led by 32 percent growth in sparkling beverages. This growth was largely due to double-digit growth in Trademarks Thums Up, Sprite, Maaza, Fanta and Coca-Cola. Still beverages in India grew 28 percent. The group also benefited from 6 percent volume growth in North and West Africa and 10 percent volume growth in East and Central Africa. The group's unit case volume growth also included the impact of a 14 percent volume decline in Russia, primarily due to the continued challenging economic environment. In addition, South Africa and Turkey each experienced a 1 percent unit case volume decline. Unit case volume in Europe decreased 1 percent, primarily attributable to the ongoing difficult macroeconomic conditions throughout most of Europe. These difficult macroeconomic conditions impacted a number of key markets and contributed to unit case volume declines of 8 percent in South and Eastern Europe, 4 percent in Iberia and 2 percent in Germany. The volume declines in these markets were partially offset by 6 percent unit case volume growth in France and 4 percent growth in Great Britain. The unit case volume growth in both France and Great Britain was led by Trademark Coca-Cola. In Latin America, unit case volume increased 6 percent, which consisted of 3 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 24 percent growth in still beverages. The group benefited from strong volume growth in key markets, including 6 percent in Mexico, 4 percent in Brazil, 2 percent in Argentina and double-digit growth in Colombia. Acquisitions contributed 1 percentage point of the group's total unit case volume growth. The group's sparkling beverage volume growth was primarily attributable to 4 percent growth in brand Coca-Cola. The successful integration of Jugos del Valle, S.A.B. de C.V. ("Jugos del Valle") drove still beverage volume growth. Unit case volume in North America decreased 2 percent, which reflected the impact of a continuing difficult U.S. economic environment and a competitive pricing environment. The effect of the economic environment and pricing environment was partially offset by the impact of strong customer and consumer programs. North America's unit case volume decline consisted of a 3 percent decline in sparkling beverages, partially offset by 1 percent growth in still beverages. The decline in sparkling beverages was partly attributable to the significant price increase taken by bottlers in the fourth quarter of 2008. The decline was partially offset by the continued strong performance of Coca-Cola Zero, which had unit case volume growth of 19 percent. Still beverage unit case volume growth was primarily due to the strong performance of Fuze Beverage, LLC ("Fuze"), Trademark Simply and tea. The unit case volume growth in still beverages was reduced by a double-digit volume decline in the North American water businesses, including Trademark Dasani, primarily due to the slowing water category and the Company's decision to not pursue unprofitable volume opportunities in bulk water/case packs in North America. In Pacific, unit case volume increased 7 percent, which consisted of growth in sparkling and still beverages of 6 percent and 8 percent, respectively. Sparkling beverage growth in Pacific included 14 percent growth in Trademark Sprite and 5 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola. The group's volume growth was led by 16 percent growth in China, which reflected 11 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 30 percent growth in still beverages. China's sparkling beverage volume growth was led by double-digit growth in Trademark Sprite and 6 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola: China's still beverage volume growth was led by double-digit growth in Minute Maid. The unit case volume growth in China was partially offset by a 2 percent volume decline in Japan, primarily due to the continued severe economic challenges and unfavorable weather conditions during what are traditionally high-volume months. Sparkling beverage volume in Japan was even, while still beverages declined 3 percent. The decline in still beverages included the impact of a 5 percent volume decline in Aquarius and a 3 percent decline in Georgia Coffee. Due to the weak economy, Georgia Coffee was negatively impacted by shifts away from the at-work vending channel. The group's volume increase also included a 1 percent increase in the Philippines. 42 Source: :ttps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mxpj0226 Unit case volume for Bottling Investments increased 2 percent, primarily due to the impact of unit case volume growth of 16 percent in China, 31 percent in India and 1 percent in the Philippines. The Company's consolidated bottling operations account for approximately 33 percent, 65 percent and 100 percent of the unit case volume in China, India and the Philippines, respectively. The favorable impact of unit case volume in these markets was partially offset by the sale of certain bottling operations during 2008, including Refrigerantes Minas Gerais Ltda. ("Remil"), a bottler in Brazil, and the sale of a portion of our ownership interest in Coca-Cola Beverages Pakistan Ltd. ("Coca-Cola Pakistan"), which resulted in its deconsolidation. Refer to Note 14 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. In addition, Germany's unit case volume declined 2 percent. The Company's consolidated bottling operations account for 100 percent of the unit case volume in Germany. Beginning January 1, 2010, we deconsolidated certain entities as a result of the Company's adoption of new accounting guidance issued by the FASB. These entities are primarily bottling operations and have been accounted for under the equity method of accounting since they were deconsolidated. Refer to the heading "Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates - Principles of Consolidation," above. The entities that have been deconsolidated as a result of this change in accounting policy accounted for approximately 1 percent of the Company's worldwide unit case volume in 2009 and were primarily included in the Bottling Investments operating segment. However, the deconsolidation of these entities will only impact the unit case volume data for our Bottling Investments operating segment, since our geographic segment data reflects unit case volume growth for all bottlers in the applicable geographic areas, both consolidated and unconsolidated. The Bottling Investments operating segment data reflects unit case volume growth for consolidated bottlers only. Year Ended December 31, 2008, versus Year Ended December 31, 2007 In Eurasia and Africa, unit case volume increased 7 percent, which reflected growth in sparkling and still beverages of 4 percent and 21 percent, respectively. Unit case volume growth of 15 percent in Turkey, 14 percent in India and 11 percent in Southern Eurasia drove the group's growth. Acquisitions contributed 6 percent of the unit case volume growth in Turkey during 2008. High single-digit volume growth in North and West Africa and 7 percent volume growth in Nigeria also significantly contributed to the group's growth. South Africa's unit case volume increased 1 percent for the year, which included the impact of supply chain issues related to carbon dioxide shortages in the early part of 2008. Our system has invested in manufacturing capabilities that allow us to produce our own supply of carbon dioxide to mitigate the risk of future shortages. Russia's unit case volume was even for the year, primarily due to a more challenging economic environment and unseasonable weather during the summer. Unit case volume in Europe increased 3 percent, primarily attributable to high single-digit volume growth in Eastern Europe. The group's unit case volume growth reflected 1 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 11 percent growth in still beverages. The unit case volume growth in sparkling beverages included 1 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola. Also included in the group's 2008 volume growth was the impact of a low single-digit volume decline in Iberia, primarily due to the slowing Western European economy and a truck drivers' strike in Spain during the second quarter of 2008. In Latin America, unit case volume increased 8 percent. The group benefited from strong volume growth in all key markets, including 9 percent in Mexico, 7 percent in Brazil and 5 percent in Argentina. Acquisitions contributed 3 percent of the group's total unit case volume growth in 2008. The group's unit case volume growth consisted of 4 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 40 percent growth in still beverages. Sparkling beverage unit case volume growth was primarily attributable to 4 percent volume growth in Coca-Cola. The successful integration of Jugos del Valle, which we acquired jointly with Coca-Cola FEMSA in 2007, drove still beverage volume growth. Still beverage unit case volume grew 21 percent in 2008, excluding the impact of acquisitions. Unit case volume in North America decreased 1 percent, which reflected the impact of a difficult U.S. economic environment and significant bottler price increases during the fourth quarter of 2008. The overall unit case volume decline in North America during 2008 consisted of a 3 percent unit case volume decline in sparkling beverages, partially offset by a 5 percent increase in still beverages. The decline in sparkling beverages was partly attributable to the softness of our Foodservice business and other on-premise channels, which were negatively impacted by economic conditions. The negative impact of macroeconomic conditions and bottler price increases was tempered by the successful execution of the three-cola strategy (focusing on driving unit case volume growth for Coca-Cola, Coca-Cola Zero and Diet Coke). Coca-Cola Zero continued its strong performance, increasing unit case volume 36 percent in 43 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mxpj0226 2008. Still beverage unit case volume increased 5 percent in 2008, primarily due to the strong performance of glacéau, Fuze, Trademark Simply and Minute Maid Enhanced Juices. Acquisitions contributed 4 percent of the volume growth in still beverages during 2008. The overall 5 percent unit case volume growth in still beverages also included the impact of volume declines in Trademark Dasani and Trademark Powerade during 2008, primarily due to the slowing water and sports drink categories. In Pacific, unit case volume increased 8 percent. The group's unit case volume growth was driven by 19 percent volume growth in China, which consisted of growth in both sparkling and still beverages. China's sparkling unit case volume increased 15 percent, primarily attributable to double-digit volume growth in both Trademark Coca-Cola and Trademark Sprite. Double-digit unit case volume growth in Minute Maid accounted for the majority of China's 30 percent unit case volume growth in still beverages. Also contributing to the volume growth of still beverages in China was the impact of Yuan Ye, a tea manufactured from tea leaves instead of tea powder, which was launched in 2008. The strong performance in China across our brands was partly attributable to our successful activation of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. In Japan, unit case volume was even. Sparkling beverage unit case volume grew 5 percent in 2008, led by 6 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola and 13 percent growth in Trademark Fanta. Unit case volume growth in Trademark Coca-Cola was primarily attributable to the continued success of Coca-Cola Zero and the successful execution of the three-cola strategy (focusing on driving unit case volume growth for Coca-Cola, Coca-Cola Zero and Diet Coke or Coca-Cola Light). Still beverage unit case volume declined 1 percent in 2008, primarily due to declines in Sokenbicha and Aquarius. The impact of these volume declines on still beverages was partially offset by a 2 percent unit case volume increase in Georgia Coffee. Unit case volume for Bottling Investments increased 14 percent. The group's unit case volume growth was primarily attributable to the full year impact of prior year acquisitions, including, but not limited to, 18 bottling and distribution operations in Germany, Nordeste Refrigerantes S.A. ("NORSA") and CCBPI. Refer to Note 17 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Additionally, the unit case volume growth reflected the overall improving health of the Company's consolidated bottling operations. The favorable impact that the previously mentioned items had on unit case volume growth was partially offset by the sale of Remil and the sale of a portion of our ownership interest in Coca-Cola Pakistan, which resulted in its deconsolidation. Refer to the heading "Operations Review - Other Income (Loss) - Net" and Note 14 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Concentrate Sales Volume In 2009, concentrate sales volume and unit case volume both grew 3 percent compared to 2008. The differences between unit case volume and concentrate sales volume growth rates for individual operating segments were primarily due to the timing of concentrate shipments and the impact of unit case volume from certain joint ventures in which the Company has an equity interest, but to which the Company does not sell concentrates, syrups, beverage bases or powders. Concentrate sales volume and unit case volume grew 4 percent and 5 percent, respectively, in 2008 compared to 2007. The differences between unit case volume and concentrate sales volume growth rates for all segments were primarily due to timing of concentrate shipments and the impact of unit case volume from certain joint ventures in which the Company has an equity interest, but to which the Company does not sell concentrates, syrups, beverage bases or powders. 44 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mxpj0226 Analysis of Consolidated Statements of Income Percent Change Year Ended December 31, 2009 2008 2007 2009 vs. 2008 2008 vs. 2007 (In millions except percentages and per share data) NET OPERATING REVENUES $ 30,990 $ 31,944 $ 28,857 (3)% 11% Cost of goods sold 11,088 11,374 10,406 (3) 9 GROSS PROFIT 19,902 20,570 18,451 (3) 11 GROSS PROFIT MARGIN 64.2% 64.4% 63.9% Selling, general and administrative expenses 11,358 11,774 10,945 (4) 8 Other operating charges 313 350 254 * * OPERATING INCOME 8,231 8,446 7,252 (3) 16 OPERATING MARGIN 26.6% 26.4% 25.1% Interest income 249 333 236 (25) 41 Interest expense 355 438 456 (19) (4) Equity income (loss) - net 781 (874) 668 * * Other income (loss) - net 40 39 219 * * INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES 8,946 7,506 7,919 19 (5) Income taxes 2,040 1,632 1,892 25 (14) Effective tax rate 22.8% 21.7% 23.9% CONSOLIDATED NET INCOME 6,906 5,874 6,027 18 (3) Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 82 67 46 22 46 NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO SHAREOWNERS OF THE COCA-COLA COMPANY $ 6,824 $ 5,807 $ 5,981 18% (3)% NET INCOME PER SHARE¹ Basic net income per share $ 2.95 $ 2.51 $ 2.59 18% (3)9 Diluted net income per share $ 2.93 $ 2.49 $ 2.57 18% (3)% * Calculation is not meaningful. 1 Basic net income per share and diluted net income per share are calculated based on net income attributable to shareowners of The Coca-Cola Company. 45 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mxpj0226 Net Operating Revenues Net operating revenues decreased by $954 million, or 3 percent, in 2009 compared to 2008 and increased by $3,087 million, or 11 percent, in 2008 compared to 2007. The following table illustrates, on a percentage basis, the estimated impact of key factors resulting in the increase (decrease) in net operating revenues: Percent Change Year Ended December 31, 2009 vs. 2008 2008 VS. 2007 Increase in concentrate sales volume 3% 4% Structural changes (1) - Price and product/geographic mix - 3 Impact of currency fluctuations versus the U.S. dollar (5) 4 Total percentage increase (decrease) (3)% 11% Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume" for a discussion of concentrate sales volume. Also included in concentrate sales volume is the impact of acquired beverage companies and the acquisition of trademarks. Year Ended December 31, 2009, versus Year Ended December 31, 2008 "Structural changes" refers to acquisitions or dispositions of bottling, distribution or canning operations and consolidation or deconsolidation of bottling and distribution entities for accounting purposes. Structural changes accounted for approximately 1 percent of the decrease in net operating revenues. This decrease was primarily attributable to the sale of certain bottling operations during 2008, including Remil and a portion of our ownership interest in Coca-Cola Pakistan, which resulted in its deconsolidation. Refer to the heading "Operations Review - Other Income (Loss) - Net" and Note 14 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Price and product/geographic mix had a net zero percent impact on net operating revenues. Favorable pricing and product/package mix in a number of our key markets was offset by: shifts in our marketing and media spend strategies, shifts away from the at-work vending channel in our Japanese business, our current focus to drive greater affordability initiatives across many key markets to ensure we continue building brand relevance and equity with consumers, and unfavorable geographic mix as a result of growth in our emerging and developing markets. The shift in our marketing and media spend strategies was primarily due to spending more marketing dollars toward in-store activations, loyalty points programs and point-of-sale marketing. Many of these strategies impact net revenues instead of marketing expenses. Refer to the heading "Selling, General and Administrative Expenses," below. The growth in our emerging and developing markets resulted in unfavorable geographic mix due to the fact that the revenue per unit sold in these markets is generally less than in developed markets. Refer to the heading "Operating Income and Operating Margin," below. We currently expect the impact of price and product/geographic mix in 2010 to be similar to 2009. The unfavorable impact of currency fluctuations decreased net operating revenues by approximately 5 percent. The unfavorable impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates was primarily due to a stronger U.S. dollar compared to most foreign currencies, including the euro, South African rand, British pound, Brazilian real, Mexican peso and Australian dollar, which had an unfavorable impact on the Eurasia and Africa, Europe, Latin America, Pacific and Bottling Investments operating segments. The unfavorable impact of a stronger U.S. dollar compared to the aforementioned currencies was partially offset by the impact of a weaker U.S. dollar compared to certain other foreign currencies, including the Japanese yen, which had a favorable impact on the Pacific operating segment. Refer to the heading "Liquidity, Capital Resources and Financial Position - Foreign Exchange." Beginning January 1, 2010, we deconsolidated certain entities as a result of the Company's adoption of new accounting guidance issued by the FASB. These entities are primarily bottling operations and have been accounted for under the equity method of accounting since they were deconsolidated. Refer to the heading "Critical Accounting Policies and \ Estimates - Principles of Consolidation," above. The entities that have been deconsolidated as a result of this change in accounting policy accounted for approximately 3 percent of the Company's consolidated net operating revenues in 2009. Refer to the heading "Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates - Principles of Consolidation," above. 46 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mxpj0226 Year Ended December 31, 2008, versus Year Ended December 31, 2007 Structural changes had a net zero percent impact on net operating revenues. The increase in net operating revenues attributable to the full year impact of prior year acquisitions, including, but not limited to, 18 German bottling and distribution operations, NORSA and CCBPI, was offset by the sale of Remil and the sale of a portion of our ownership interest in Coca-Cola Pakistan, which resulted in its deconsolidation. Refer to Note 14 and Note 17 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Price and product/geographic mix increased net operating revenues by 3 percent, primarily due to favorable pricing and product/package mix across the majority of the operating segments. The favorable impact of currency fluctuations increased net operating revenues by 4 percent. The U.S. dollar weakened against certain key currencies in 2008 including, but not limited to, the euro, Japanese yen and Brazilian real. The fluctuations in these currencies favorably impacted the Europe, Pacific, Latin America and Bottling Investments operating segments. The favorable impact of fluctuations in the aforementioned currencies was partially offset by the unfavorable impact of the U.S. dollar strengthening against the South African rand and the British pound during 2008. The fluctuations in these currencies unfavorably impacted the Eurasia and Africa, Europe and Bottling Investments operating segments. Refer to the heading "Liquidity, Capital Resources and Financial Position - Foreign Exchange." Net Operating Revenues by Operating Segment Information about our net operating revenues by operating segment as a percentage of Company net operating revenues is as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2009 2008 2007 Eurasia & Africa 6.4% 6.7% 6.8% Europe 13.9 15.0 15.4 Latin America 12.0 11.3 10.6 North America 26.4 25.7 26.9 Pacific 14.6 13.7 13.9 Bottling Investments 26.4 27.3 26.2 Corporate 0.3 0.3 0.2 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% The percentage contribution of each operating segment has changed due to net operating revenues in certain operating segments growing at a faster rate compared to the other operating segments. Net operating revenue growth rates are impacted by concentrate sales volume growth rates, structural changes, price and product/geographic mix, and foreign currency fluctuations. The size and timing of structural changes, including acquisitions or dispositions of bottling and canning operations, do not occur consistently from period to period. As a result, anticipating the impact of such events on future increases or decreases in net operating revenues (and other financial statement line items) usually is not possible. However, we expect to continue to buy and sell bottling interests in limited circumstances and, as a result, structural changes will continue to affect our consolidated financial statements in future periods. Gross Profit Year Ended December 31, 2009, versus Year Ended December 31, 2008 Our gross profit margin decreased to 64.2 percent in 2009 from 64.4 percent in 2008, primarily due to foreign currency fluctuations, the growth of our finished product operations, unfavorable geographic mix as a result of growth in our emerging and developing markets, our current focus to drive greater affordability initiatives across many key markets, and unfavorable channel and product mix in certain key markets. The unfavorable impact of the previously mentioned items was partially offset by the favorable impact of price increases in certain markets, lower costs related to several key commodities and the sale of certain bottling operations in 2008. Generally, bottling and finished product operations produce higher net operating revenues but lower gross profit margins compared to concentrate and syrup operations. Bottling operations sold in 2008 included Remil and a portion of our ownership interest in Coca-Cola Pakistan, which 47 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mxpj0226

what is the operating margin in the year 2009

mxpj0226

mxpj0226_p0, mxpj0226_p1, mxpj0226_p2, mxpj0226_p3, mxpj0226_p4, mxpj0226_p5, mxpj0226_p6, mxpj0226_p7

26.6%

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009 OR TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to Commission File No. 1-2217 The (Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter) DELAWARE 58-0628465 (State or other jurisdiction of (IRS Employer incorporation or organization) Identification No.) One Coca-Cola Plaza Atlanta, Georgia 30313 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (404) 676-2121 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Name of each exchange on which registered COMMON STOCK, $0.25 PAR VALUE NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes No Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes No Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes No Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes No Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): Large accelerated filer Accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer Smaller reporting company (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes No The aggregate market value of the common equity held by non-affiliates of the Registrant (assuming for these purposes, but without conceding, that all executive officers and Directors are "affiliates" of the Registrant) as of July 3, 2009, the last business day of the Registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was $107,556,224,589 (based on the closing sale price of the Registrant's Common Stock on that date as reported on the New York Stock Exchange). The number of shares outstanding of the Registrant's Common Stock as of February 22, 2010 was 2,305,123,938. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Portions of the Company's Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareowners to be held on April 21, 2010, are incorporated by reference in Part III. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mxpj0226 Operations Review We manufacture, distribute and market nonalcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups. We also manufacture, distribute and market finished beverages. Our organizational structure as of December 31, 2009, consisted of the following operating segments, the first six of which are sometimes referred to as "operating groups" or "groups": Eurasia and Africa; Europe; Latin America; North America; Pacific; Bottling Investments; and Corporate. For further information regarding our operating segments, refer to Note 18 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Beverage Volume We measure the volume of Company beverage products sold in two ways: (1) unit cases of finished products and (2) concentrate sales. As used in this report, "unit case" means a unit of measurement equal to 192 U.S. fluid ounces of finished beverage (24 eight-ounce servings); and "unit case volume" means the number of unit cases (or unit case equivalents) of Company beverage products directly or indirectly sold by the Company and its bottling partners (the "Coca-Cola system") to customers. Unit case volume primarily consists of beverage products bearing Company trademarks. Also included in unit case volume are certain products licensed to, or distributed by, our Company, and brands owned by Coca-Cola system bottlers for which our Company provides marketing support and from the sale of which we derive economic benefit. Such products licensed to, or distributed by, our Company and brands owned by Coca-Cola system bottlers account for a minimal portion of our total unit case volume. In addition, unit case volume includes sales by joint ventures in which the Company has an equity interest. Although most of our Company's revenues are not based directly on unit case volume, we believe unit case volume is one of the measures of the underlying strength of the Coca-Cola system because it measures trends at the consumer level. The unit case volume numbers used in this report are derived based on estimates received by the Company from its bottling partners and distributors. Concentrate sales volume represents the amount of concentrates and syrups, (in all cases expressed in equivalent unit cases) sold by, or used in finished beverages sold by, the Company to its bottling partners or other customers. Most of our revenues are based on concentrate sales, a primarily wholesale activity. Unit case volume and concentrate sales growth rates are not necessarily equal during any given period. Factors such as seasonality, bottlers' inventory practices, supply point changes, timing of price increases, new product introductions and changes in product mix can impact unit case volume and concentrate sales and can create differences between unit case volume and concentrate sales growth rates. In addition to the items mentioned above, the impact of unit case volume from certain joint ventures, in which the Company has an equity interest, but to which the Company does not sell concentrates or syrups, may give rise to differences between unit case volume and concentrate sales growth rates. Information about our volume growth by operating segment is as follows: Percent Change 2009 vs. 2008 2008 vs. 2007 Concentrate Concentrate Year Ended December 31, Unit Cases1,2 Sales Unit Cases1,3 Sales Worldwide 3% 3% 5% 4% Eurasia & Africa 4% 5% 7% 7% Europe (1) (2) 3 - Latin America 6 7 8 6 North America (2) (2) (1) (2) Pacific 7 7 8 8 Bottling Investments 2 N/A 14 N/A 1 Bottling Investments operating segment data reflects unit case volume growth for consolidated bottlers only. 2 Geographic segment data reflects unit case volume growth for all bottlers in the applicable geographic areas, both consolidated and unconsolidated. 41 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mxpj0226 Unit Case Volume Although most of our Company's revenues are not based directly on unit case volume, we believe unit case volume is one of the measures of the underlying strength of the Coca-Cola system because it measures our product trends at the consumer level. The Coca-Cola system sold approximately 24.4 billion unit cases of our products in 2009, approximately 23.7 billion unit cases in 2008 and approximately 22.7 billion unit cases in 2007. Year Ended December 31, 2009, versus Year Ended December 31, 2008 In Eurasia and Africa, unit case volume increased 4 percent, which consisted of 3 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 8 percent growth in still beverages. The group's unit case volume growth was primarily attributable to 31 percent growth in India, led by 32 percent growth in sparkling beverages. This growth was largely due to double-digit growth in Trademarks Thums Up, Sprite, Maaza, Fanta and Coca-Cola. Still beverages in India grew 28 percent. The group also benefited from 6 percent volume growth in North and West Africa and 10 percent volume growth in East and Central Africa. The group's unit case volume growth also included the impact of a 14 percent volume decline in Russia, primarily due to the continued challenging economic environment. In addition, South Africa and Turkey each experienced a 1 percent unit case volume decline. Unit case volume in Europe decreased 1 percent, primarily attributable to the ongoing difficult macroeconomic conditions throughout most of Europe. These difficult macroeconomic conditions impacted a number of key markets and contributed to unit case volume declines of 8 percent in South and Eastern Europe, 4 percent in Iberia and 2 percent in Germany. The volume declines in these markets were partially offset by 6 percent unit case volume growth in France and 4 percent growth in Great Britain. The unit case volume growth in both France and Great Britain was led by Trademark Coca-Cola. In Latin America, unit case volume increased 6 percent, which consisted of 3 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 24 percent growth in still beverages. The group benefited from strong volume growth in key markets, including 6 percent in Mexico, 4 percent in Brazil, 2 percent in Argentina and double-digit growth in Colombia. Acquisitions contributed 1 percentage point of the group's total unit case volume growth. The group's sparkling beverage volume growth was primarily attributable to 4 percent growth in brand Coca-Cola. The successful integration of Jugos del Valle, S.A.B. de C.V. ("Jugos del Valle") drove still beverage volume growth. Unit case volume in North America decreased 2 percent, which reflected the impact of a continuing difficult U.S. economic environment and a competitive pricing environment. The effect of the economic environment and pricing environment was partially offset by the impact of strong customer and consumer programs. North America's unit case volume decline consisted of a 3 percent decline in sparkling beverages, partially offset by 1 percent growth in still beverages. The decline in sparkling beverages was partly attributable to the significant price increase taken by bottlers in the fourth quarter of 2008. The decline was partially offset by the continued strong performance of Coca-Cola Zero, which had unit case volume growth of 19 percent. Still beverage unit case volume growth was primarily due to the strong performance of Fuze Beverage, LLC ("Fuze"), Trademark Simply and tea. The unit case volume growth in still beverages was reduced by a double-digit volume decline in the North American water businesses, including Trademark Dasani, primarily due to the slowing water category and the Company's decision to not pursue unprofitable volume opportunities in bulk water/case packs in North America. In Pacific, unit case volume increased 7 percent, which consisted of growth in sparkling and still beverages of 6 percent and 8 percent, respectively. Sparkling beverage growth in Pacific included 14 percent growth in Trademark Sprite and 5 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola. The group's volume growth was led by 16 percent growth in China, which reflected 11 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 30 percent growth in still beverages. China's sparkling beverage volume growth was led by double-digit growth in Trademark Sprite and 6 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola: China's still beverage volume growth was led by double-digit growth in Minute Maid. The unit case volume growth in China was partially offset by a 2 percent volume decline in Japan, primarily due to the continued severe economic challenges and unfavorable weather conditions during what are traditionally high-volume months. Sparkling beverage volume in Japan was even, while still beverages declined 3 percent. The decline in still beverages included the impact of a 5 percent volume decline in Aquarius and a 3 percent decline in Georgia Coffee. Due to the weak economy, Georgia Coffee was negatively impacted by shifts away from the at-work vending channel. The group's volume increase also included a 1 percent increase in the Philippines. 42 Source: :ttps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mxpj0226 Unit case volume for Bottling Investments increased 2 percent, primarily due to the impact of unit case volume growth of 16 percent in China, 31 percent in India and 1 percent in the Philippines. The Company's consolidated bottling operations account for approximately 33 percent, 65 percent and 100 percent of the unit case volume in China, India and the Philippines, respectively. The favorable impact of unit case volume in these markets was partially offset by the sale of certain bottling operations during 2008, including Refrigerantes Minas Gerais Ltda. ("Remil"), a bottler in Brazil, and the sale of a portion of our ownership interest in Coca-Cola Beverages Pakistan Ltd. ("Coca-Cola Pakistan"), which resulted in its deconsolidation. Refer to Note 14 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. In addition, Germany's unit case volume declined 2 percent. The Company's consolidated bottling operations account for 100 percent of the unit case volume in Germany. Beginning January 1, 2010, we deconsolidated certain entities as a result of the Company's adoption of new accounting guidance issued by the FASB. These entities are primarily bottling operations and have been accounted for under the equity method of accounting since they were deconsolidated. Refer to the heading "Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates - Principles of Consolidation," above. The entities that have been deconsolidated as a result of this change in accounting policy accounted for approximately 1 percent of the Company's worldwide unit case volume in 2009 and were primarily included in the Bottling Investments operating segment. However, the deconsolidation of these entities will only impact the unit case volume data for our Bottling Investments operating segment, since our geographic segment data reflects unit case volume growth for all bottlers in the applicable geographic areas, both consolidated and unconsolidated. The Bottling Investments operating segment data reflects unit case volume growth for consolidated bottlers only. Year Ended December 31, 2008, versus Year Ended December 31, 2007 In Eurasia and Africa, unit case volume increased 7 percent, which reflected growth in sparkling and still beverages of 4 percent and 21 percent, respectively. Unit case volume growth of 15 percent in Turkey, 14 percent in India and 11 percent in Southern Eurasia drove the group's growth. Acquisitions contributed 6 percent of the unit case volume growth in Turkey during 2008. High single-digit volume growth in North and West Africa and 7 percent volume growth in Nigeria also significantly contributed to the group's growth. South Africa's unit case volume increased 1 percent for the year, which included the impact of supply chain issues related to carbon dioxide shortages in the early part of 2008. Our system has invested in manufacturing capabilities that allow us to produce our own supply of carbon dioxide to mitigate the risk of future shortages. Russia's unit case volume was even for the year, primarily due to a more challenging economic environment and unseasonable weather during the summer. Unit case volume in Europe increased 3 percent, primarily attributable to high single-digit volume growth in Eastern Europe. The group's unit case volume growth reflected 1 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 11 percent growth in still beverages. The unit case volume growth in sparkling beverages included 1 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola. Also included in the group's 2008 volume growth was the impact of a low single-digit volume decline in Iberia, primarily due to the slowing Western European economy and a truck drivers' strike in Spain during the second quarter of 2008. In Latin America, unit case volume increased 8 percent. The group benefited from strong volume growth in all key markets, including 9 percent in Mexico, 7 percent in Brazil and 5 percent in Argentina. Acquisitions contributed 3 percent of the group's total unit case volume growth in 2008. The group's unit case volume growth consisted of 4 percent growth in sparkling beverages and 40 percent growth in still beverages. Sparkling beverage unit case volume growth was primarily attributable to 4 percent volume growth in Coca-Cola. The successful integration of Jugos del Valle, which we acquired jointly with Coca-Cola FEMSA in 2007, drove still beverage volume growth. Still beverage unit case volume grew 21 percent in 2008, excluding the impact of acquisitions. Unit case volume in North America decreased 1 percent, which reflected the impact of a difficult U.S. economic environment and significant bottler price increases during the fourth quarter of 2008. The overall unit case volume decline in North America during 2008 consisted of a 3 percent unit case volume decline in sparkling beverages, partially offset by a 5 percent increase in still beverages. The decline in sparkling beverages was partly attributable to the softness of our Foodservice business and other on-premise channels, which were negatively impacted by economic conditions. The negative impact of macroeconomic conditions and bottler price increases was tempered by the successful execution of the three-cola strategy (focusing on driving unit case volume growth for Coca-Cola, Coca-Cola Zero and Diet Coke). Coca-Cola Zero continued its strong performance, increasing unit case volume 36 percent in 43 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mxpj0226 2008. Still beverage unit case volume increased 5 percent in 2008, primarily due to the strong performance of glacéau, Fuze, Trademark Simply and Minute Maid Enhanced Juices. Acquisitions contributed 4 percent of the volume growth in still beverages during 2008. The overall 5 percent unit case volume growth in still beverages also included the impact of volume declines in Trademark Dasani and Trademark Powerade during 2008, primarily due to the slowing water and sports drink categories. In Pacific, unit case volume increased 8 percent. The group's unit case volume growth was driven by 19 percent volume growth in China, which consisted of growth in both sparkling and still beverages. China's sparkling unit case volume increased 15 percent, primarily attributable to double-digit volume growth in both Trademark Coca-Cola and Trademark Sprite. Double-digit unit case volume growth in Minute Maid accounted for the majority of China's 30 percent unit case volume growth in still beverages. Also contributing to the volume growth of still beverages in China was the impact of Yuan Ye, a tea manufactured from tea leaves instead of tea powder, which was launched in 2008. The strong performance in China across our brands was partly attributable to our successful activation of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. In Japan, unit case volume was even. Sparkling beverage unit case volume grew 5 percent in 2008, led by 6 percent growth in Trademark Coca-Cola and 13 percent growth in Trademark Fanta. Unit case volume growth in Trademark Coca-Cola was primarily attributable to the continued success of Coca-Cola Zero and the successful execution of the three-cola strategy (focusing on driving unit case volume growth for Coca-Cola, Coca-Cola Zero and Diet Coke or Coca-Cola Light). Still beverage unit case volume declined 1 percent in 2008, primarily due to declines in Sokenbicha and Aquarius. The impact of these volume declines on still beverages was partially offset by a 2 percent unit case volume increase in Georgia Coffee. Unit case volume for Bottling Investments increased 14 percent. The group's unit case volume growth was primarily attributable to the full year impact of prior year acquisitions, including, but not limited to, 18 bottling and distribution operations in Germany, Nordeste Refrigerantes S.A. ("NORSA") and CCBPI. Refer to Note 17 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Additionally, the unit case volume growth reflected the overall improving health of the Company's consolidated bottling operations. The favorable impact that the previously mentioned items had on unit case volume growth was partially offset by the sale of Remil and the sale of a portion of our ownership interest in Coca-Cola Pakistan, which resulted in its deconsolidation. Refer to the heading "Operations Review - Other Income (Loss) - Net" and Note 14 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Concentrate Sales Volume In 2009, concentrate sales volume and unit case volume both grew 3 percent compared to 2008. The differences between unit case volume and concentrate sales volume growth rates for individual operating segments were primarily due to the timing of concentrate shipments and the impact of unit case volume from certain joint ventures in which the Company has an equity interest, but to which the Company does not sell concentrates, syrups, beverage bases or powders. Concentrate sales volume and unit case volume grew 4 percent and 5 percent, respectively, in 2008 compared to 2007. The differences between unit case volume and concentrate sales volume growth rates for all segments were primarily due to timing of concentrate shipments and the impact of unit case volume from certain joint ventures in which the Company has an equity interest, but to which the Company does not sell concentrates, syrups, beverage bases or powders. 44 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mxpj0226 Analysis of Consolidated Statements of Income Percent Change Year Ended December 31, 2009 2008 2007 2009 vs. 2008 2008 vs. 2007 (In millions except percentages and per share data) NET OPERATING REVENUES $ 30,990 $ 31,944 $ 28,857 (3)% 11% Cost of goods sold 11,088 11,374 10,406 (3) 9 GROSS PROFIT 19,902 20,570 18,451 (3) 11 GROSS PROFIT MARGIN 64.2% 64.4% 63.9% Selling, general and administrative expenses 11,358 11,774 10,945 (4) 8 Other operating charges 313 350 254 * * OPERATING INCOME 8,231 8,446 7,252 (3) 16 OPERATING MARGIN 26.6% 26.4% 25.1% Interest income 249 333 236 (25) 41 Interest expense 355 438 456 (19) (4) Equity income (loss) - net 781 (874) 668 * * Other income (loss) - net 40 39 219 * * INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES 8,946 7,506 7,919 19 (5) Income taxes 2,040 1,632 1,892 25 (14) Effective tax rate 22.8% 21.7% 23.9% CONSOLIDATED NET INCOME 6,906 5,874 6,027 18 (3) Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 82 67 46 22 46 NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO SHAREOWNERS OF THE COCA-COLA COMPANY $ 6,824 $ 5,807 $ 5,981 18% (3)% NET INCOME PER SHARE¹ Basic net income per share $ 2.95 $ 2.51 $ 2.59 18% (3)9 Diluted net income per share $ 2.93 $ 2.49 $ 2.57 18% (3)% * Calculation is not meaningful. 1 Basic net income per share and diluted net income per share are calculated based on net income attributable to shareowners of The Coca-Cola Company. 45 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mxpj0226 Net Operating Revenues Net operating revenues decreased by $954 million, or 3 percent, in 2009 compared to 2008 and increased by $3,087 million, or 11 percent, in 2008 compared to 2007. The following table illustrates, on a percentage basis, the estimated impact of key factors resulting in the increase (decrease) in net operating revenues: Percent Change Year Ended December 31, 2009 vs. 2008 2008 VS. 2007 Increase in concentrate sales volume 3% 4% Structural changes (1) - Price and product/geographic mix - 3 Impact of currency fluctuations versus the U.S. dollar (5) 4 Total percentage increase (decrease) (3)% 11% Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume" for a discussion of concentrate sales volume. Also included in concentrate sales volume is the impact of acquired beverage companies and the acquisition of trademarks. Year Ended December 31, 2009, versus Year Ended December 31, 2008 "Structural changes" refers to acquisitions or dispositions of bottling, distribution or canning operations and consolidation or deconsolidation of bottling and distribution entities for accounting purposes. Structural changes accounted for approximately 1 percent of the decrease in net operating revenues. This decrease was primarily attributable to the sale of certain bottling operations during 2008, including Remil and a portion of our ownership interest in Coca-Cola Pakistan, which resulted in its deconsolidation. Refer to the heading "Operations Review - Other Income (Loss) - Net" and Note 14 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Price and product/geographic mix had a net zero percent impact on net operating revenues. Favorable pricing and product/package mix in a number of our key markets was offset by: shifts in our marketing and media spend strategies, shifts away from the at-work vending channel in our Japanese business, our current focus to drive greater affordability initiatives across many key markets to ensure we continue building brand relevance and equity with consumers, and unfavorable geographic mix as a result of growth in our emerging and developing markets. The shift in our marketing and media spend strategies was primarily due to spending more marketing dollars toward in-store activations, loyalty points programs and point-of-sale marketing. Many of these strategies impact net revenues instead of marketing expenses. Refer to the heading "Selling, General and Administrative Expenses," below. The growth in our emerging and developing markets resulted in unfavorable geographic mix due to the fact that the revenue per unit sold in these markets is generally less than in developed markets. Refer to the heading "Operating Income and Operating Margin," below. We currently expect the impact of price and product/geographic mix in 2010 to be similar to 2009. The unfavorable impact of currency fluctuations decreased net operating revenues by approximately 5 percent. The unfavorable impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates was primarily due to a stronger U.S. dollar compared to most foreign currencies, including the euro, South African rand, British pound, Brazilian real, Mexican peso and Australian dollar, which had an unfavorable impact on the Eurasia and Africa, Europe, Latin America, Pacific and Bottling Investments operating segments. The unfavorable impact of a stronger U.S. dollar compared to the aforementioned currencies was partially offset by the impact of a weaker U.S. dollar compared to certain other foreign currencies, including the Japanese yen, which had a favorable impact on the Pacific operating segment. Refer to the heading "Liquidity, Capital Resources and Financial Position - Foreign Exchange." Beginning January 1, 2010, we deconsolidated certain entities as a result of the Company's adoption of new accounting guidance issued by the FASB. These entities are primarily bottling operations and have been accounted for under the equity method of accounting since they were deconsolidated. Refer to the heading "Critical Accounting Policies and \ Estimates - Principles of Consolidation," above. The entities that have been deconsolidated as a result of this change in accounting policy accounted for approximately 3 percent of the Company's consolidated net operating revenues in 2009. Refer to the heading "Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates - Principles of Consolidation," above. 46 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mxpj0226 Year Ended December 31, 2008, versus Year Ended December 31, 2007 Structural changes had a net zero percent impact on net operating revenues. The increase in net operating revenues attributable to the full year impact of prior year acquisitions, including, but not limited to, 18 German bottling and distribution operations, NORSA and CCBPI, was offset by the sale of Remil and the sale of a portion of our ownership interest in Coca-Cola Pakistan, which resulted in its deconsolidation. Refer to Note 14 and Note 17 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Price and product/geographic mix increased net operating revenues by 3 percent, primarily due to favorable pricing and product/package mix across the majority of the operating segments. The favorable impact of currency fluctuations increased net operating revenues by 4 percent. The U.S. dollar weakened against certain key currencies in 2008 including, but not limited to, the euro, Japanese yen and Brazilian real. The fluctuations in these currencies favorably impacted the Europe, Pacific, Latin America and Bottling Investments operating segments. The favorable impact of fluctuations in the aforementioned currencies was partially offset by the unfavorable impact of the U.S. dollar strengthening against the South African rand and the British pound during 2008. The fluctuations in these currencies unfavorably impacted the Eurasia and Africa, Europe and Bottling Investments operating segments. Refer to the heading "Liquidity, Capital Resources and Financial Position - Foreign Exchange." Net Operating Revenues by Operating Segment Information about our net operating revenues by operating segment as a percentage of Company net operating revenues is as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2009 2008 2007 Eurasia & Africa 6.4% 6.7% 6.8% Europe 13.9 15.0 15.4 Latin America 12.0 11.3 10.6 North America 26.4 25.7 26.9 Pacific 14.6 13.7 13.9 Bottling Investments 26.4 27.3 26.2 Corporate 0.3 0.3 0.2 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% The percentage contribution of each operating segment has changed due to net operating revenues in certain operating segments growing at a faster rate compared to the other operating segments. Net operating revenue growth rates are impacted by concentrate sales volume growth rates, structural changes, price and product/geographic mix, and foreign currency fluctuations. The size and timing of structural changes, including acquisitions or dispositions of bottling and canning operations, do not occur consistently from period to period. As a result, anticipating the impact of such events on future increases or decreases in net operating revenues (and other financial statement line items) usually is not possible. However, we expect to continue to buy and sell bottling interests in limited circumstances and, as a result, structural changes will continue to affect our consolidated financial statements in future periods. Gross Profit Year Ended December 31, 2009, versus Year Ended December 31, 2008 Our gross profit margin decreased to 64.2 percent in 2009 from 64.4 percent in 2008, primarily due to foreign currency fluctuations, the growth of our finished product operations, unfavorable geographic mix as a result of growth in our emerging and developing markets, our current focus to drive greater affordability initiatives across many key markets, and unfavorable channel and product mix in certain key markets. The unfavorable impact of the previously mentioned items was partially offset by the favorable impact of price increases in certain markets, lower costs related to several key commodities and the sale of certain bottling operations in 2008. Generally, bottling and finished product operations produce higher net operating revenues but lower gross profit margins compared to concentrate and syrup operations. Bottling operations sold in 2008 included Remil and a portion of our ownership interest in Coca-Cola Pakistan, which 47 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mxpj0226

To whom, the letter is addressed?

mtyj0226

mtyj0226_p0, mtyj0226_p1, mtyj0226_p2

Mr . Thomas:, Mr. W. Thomas

information 1-800 1-800 GET Coker Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226 TAM, Coca=Gola USA Division of or CA I: The Gempany P.O. Drawer 1734 Atlanta, Ga. 30301 Mr. W. Thomas 1195 N. Vermont Arlington, VA 22201 CC-1914 (STOCK 40655-3) Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyio226 Consumer Information Center Coca-Cola USA Division of The Coca Cola Cempany March 4, 1991 Mr. W. Thomas 1195 N. Vermont Arlington, VA 22201 Dear Mr. Thomas: Thank you for contacting us regarding nutritional and educational material. Enclosed is the available printed material concerning our products which should be helpful to you. Your interest is appreciated. Sincerely, Himberly Bager Kimberly Boyer Supervisor Consumer Correspondence KB:CW Enclosures: Ingredients Brochures P.O. Drawer 1734 Atlanta, GA 30301 I-800-GET COKE Source: ps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226

Who is the consumer correspondence of coca cola USA?

mtyj0226

mtyj0226_p0, mtyj0226_p1, mtyj0226_p2

kimberly boyer

information 1-800 1-800 GET Coker Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226 TAM, Coca=Gola USA Division of or CA I: The Gempany P.O. Drawer 1734 Atlanta, Ga. 30301 Mr. W. Thomas 1195 N. Vermont Arlington, VA 22201 CC-1914 (STOCK 40655-3) Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyio226 Consumer Information Center Coca-Cola USA Division of The Coca Cola Cempany March 4, 1991 Mr. W. Thomas 1195 N. Vermont Arlington, VA 22201 Dear Mr. Thomas: Thank you for contacting us regarding nutritional and educational material. Enclosed is the available printed material concerning our products which should be helpful to you. Your interest is appreciated. Sincerely, Himberly Bager Kimberly Boyer Supervisor Consumer Correspondence KB:CW Enclosures: Ingredients Brochures P.O. Drawer 1734 Atlanta, GA 30301 I-800-GET COKE Source: ps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226

What is the date mentioned in the letter?

mtyj0226

mtyj0226_p0, mtyj0226_p1, mtyj0226_p2

March 4, 1991

information 1-800 1-800 GET Coker Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226 TAM, Coca=Gola USA Division of or CA I: The Gempany P.O. Drawer 1734 Atlanta, Ga. 30301 Mr. W. Thomas 1195 N. Vermont Arlington, VA 22201 CC-1914 (STOCK 40655-3) Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyio226 Consumer Information Center Coca-Cola USA Division of The Coca Cola Cempany March 4, 1991 Mr. W. Thomas 1195 N. Vermont Arlington, VA 22201 Dear Mr. Thomas: Thank you for contacting us regarding nutritional and educational material. Enclosed is the available printed material concerning our products which should be helpful to you. Your interest is appreciated. Sincerely, Himberly Bager Kimberly Boyer Supervisor Consumer Correspondence KB:CW Enclosures: Ingredients Brochures P.O. Drawer 1734 Atlanta, GA 30301 I-800-GET COKE Source: ps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226

whats the name of company ?

ykpj0226

ykpj0226_p0, ykpj0226_p1, ykpj0226_p2, ykpj0226_p3, ykpj0226_p4

Shasta Beverages Inc., Shasta Beverages INC.

Shasta BEVERAGES INC. ACONSOLIDATED FOODS COMPANY RESPONSIVE TO CONSUMER NEEDS EXECUTIVE OFFICES January 14, 1980 Ms. Bonnie Liebman 1755 S Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20009 Dear Ms. Liebman: Thank you for taking the time to call about your interest in Shasta's new fructose-sweetened soft drinks. As requested, I have enclosed some information sheets which will tell you more about our new product line. Again, Ms. Liebman, thank you for letting us know of your interest. Sincerely, Envey Cecil B. Lowry Vice President Science & Technology CBL/jc Enclosures 26901DASTRIAL BOULEVARD e HOEFER-AMIDE Public Relations. 426 Pacific, San Francisca California 94133. (415)788-1333 DOWS Release FROM: SHASTA BEVERAGES INC. CONTACT: Gary Thompson (415) 783-1333 DATE: July 17, 1979 FOR RELEASE: Immediately SHASTA BEVERAGES INC. INTRODUCES REVOLUTIONARY NEW SOFT DRINK LINE (Hayward, CA., July 17, 1979) -- Shasta Beverages Inc., a Consolidated Poods company, announced one of the most signifi- cant breakthroughs in soft drink history this week with the in- troduction of a reformulated regular Shasta soft drink line, using a new nutritive sweetener, high fructose corn syrup, to replace ordinary sugar, The move marks the first time a soft drunk com- pany has totally eliminated use of ordinary refined sugar to setth gul soft drinks, according to Robert Jaunich II, pres- ident of the nation's seventh largest soft drink company. "We have reformulated our full line of regular soft drinks, which now taste better and offer the consumer an alternative to ordinary sugared soft drinks, " he noted. Fructose is a simple sweetener found in honey and most fresh fruits. "It is sweeter than sucrose, or ordinary refined sugar, and as a result it doesn't have the typical syrupy taste associ- ated with ordinary sugar,' commented Cecil Lowry, vice president/ science & technology for Shasta. "High fructose syrup seems to enhance the flavor of our soft drinks. It allows the true flavers to come out." Independent taste tests have shown that new Shasta ranks better with consumers than old Shasta with ordinary sugar. "We're particulary pleased with this outcome, Lowry commented. "Because fructose is somewhat sweeter than ordinary sugar, -more- Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ykpj0226 SHASTA/2 we are able to achieve the right sweetness for our regular soft drinks while using at least 5% less sweetener. This is a nice plus for weight conscious soft drink users." According to Jaunich, Shasta's interest in nutritive sweeteners began same 20 years ago, and blended sweeteners have been used in regular Shasta since 1966. Then, in 1969, the technology to produce high fructose corn syrup became commercially possible and Shasta was the first beverage campany to use it. "The first generation fructose was HFCS 42, forty-two percent fructose," Jaunich stated. "We began experimenting with it in 1969, finally blending it with ordinary sugar on a 50-50 basis. Consumer taste tests at that time indicated a preference for the new formulation and we knew we were on the right track." Eccause of this initial success, Shasta began long-term research with a second sweetener that used considerably more fructose when it became avail- able only two years ago. The program was accelerated last year when this sweetener became comercially available in sufficient quantities and Shasta saw the advantages in switching its entire line to the new sweetener and totally eliminating crdinary sugar. "New technology has now made it possible to obtain high fructose sweetener from the vast American corn supply," Jaunich commented "This offers a depen- dable quantity at: a stable price because American corn producers, who supply over 45% of the world's corn, have assigned fructose sweeteners high produc- tion priority. The use of fructose to sweeten soft drinks has a number of benefits Shasta took into consideration in its decision. "First," he noted, "the use of fructose syrup has a positive impact on the economy of the United States. It helps to replace American industry's de- pendence on foreign sugar, which currently amounts to 75% of all sugar used in this country's soft: drinks. Second, there are a number of by-products -more- Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ykpj0226 SHASTA/3 created from the wet milling process used to produce fructose such as feedstuffs, oils, and starches. These items are exported, thus alleviating same of the U.S. trade deficit. "In a time when the U.S. balance of trade deficit is contributing to the weakening of the dollar and our needs for sources of employ- ment continue to grow, it makes sense to utilize domestic resources, production facilities, and workers to supply the nation's sweetener needs." This new damestic sweetener also offers Shasta, and its customers, an economic benefit, Jaunich pointed out. It costs less than ordinary refined sugar. This means that the company can continue to offer its soft drinks at prices lower than the other national brands. In addi- tion, the U.S. com market also promises a continuing stable price for fructose sweetener. Therefore, skyrocketing soft drink prices based on inflated foreign sugar prices, such as those incurred in 1974, will no longer be a threat in the future. Jaunich said that Shasta is currently watching the development of a third generation fructose because it would allo Shasta to achieve the right sweetness with substantially fewer calories. "However, right now it's not available in the quantities t.e require, and is ex- pensive," he added. "As it becomes available, we will be taking a close look at it." In the meantime, Jaunich commented, the current total switch from or- dinary sugar to fructose sweetener represents a major breakthrough in soft drink industry for Shasta, and also signals the beginning of a complete repositioning for the entire company. "With the total elimination of ordinary sugar from our regular line of products," Jaunich said, "our research and development will be oriented to making products that consumers feel better about drinking." Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ykpj0226 8. Where Does Shasta Get Its Fructose? C urrent production of fructose comes from one of America's most abundant crops-corn. Over 47 per cent of the world's corn is grown in the United States. Our supply of high fructose corn sweetener will come from major corn refiners in the Midwest. Because of our size, and our ability to reformulate our entire line of regular soft drinks nation-wide, Shasta has been able to arrange fruc- tose allocations from these suppliers to satisfy de- mand generated by our sales increases for years to come. 9. Will Shasta Utilize Fructose Sweetener for New Products? W e are currently researching the use of fructose sweetener for a variety of new pro- ducts, and Capri Sun, currently being test marketed in the East, is sweetened with fructose sweetener. THE We feel fructose has tremendous potential as a sweetener for both our current line of regular pro- ducts and for a variety of new products currently under consideration. For the foreseeable future, SHASTA fructose will be our only nutritive sweetener. 10. Why Aren't Other Soft Drink ALTERNATIVE Companies Using Fructose Sweetener In Their Products? M any national companies, such as Coke and Pepsi, have approved use of fructose for some of their product lines. However, most bottlers have not reformulated. Unlike Shasta, these com- panies are encumbered by a franchise bottler system which has delayed the changeover. However, we are confident Shasta's reformulation will lead to a rapid growth in the use of fructose sweetener in soft drinks. In the meantime, our na- tional conversion has provided us a real break- through and leadership position in the industry. 11. Just How Beneficent is Fructose? A Ithough there may, in reality, be little or no connection between sugar intake and health Answers to the most frequently asked problems, consumers remain wary of any product with high sugar content. As a result, consumers questions about fructose who are interested in cutting down their consump- tion of ordinary refined sugar have had little or no choice of alternative sweeteners until now. However, because fructose is so new, there is not yet a large amount of completed research studies on it. The medical profession is not in total agree- ment on its use by diabetics and others who must restrict their intake of ordinary sugar. Some doctors prescribe fructose, others do not. Our advice for people who have medically restricted diets is to consult their personal physician. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ykpj0226

Who is this letter sent to ?

ykpj0226

ykpj0226_p0, ykpj0226_p1, ykpj0226_p2, ykpj0226_p3, ykpj0226_p4

Ms.Liebman, Ms. Bonnie Liebman, Ms. Liebman

Shasta BEVERAGES INC. ACONSOLIDATED FOODS COMPANY RESPONSIVE TO CONSUMER NEEDS EXECUTIVE OFFICES January 14, 1980 Ms. Bonnie Liebman 1755 S Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20009 Dear Ms. Liebman: Thank you for taking the time to call about your interest in Shasta's new fructose-sweetened soft drinks. As requested, I have enclosed some information sheets which will tell you more about our new product line. Again, Ms. Liebman, thank you for letting us know of your interest. Sincerely, Envey Cecil B. Lowry Vice President Science & Technology CBL/jc Enclosures 26901DASTRIAL BOULEVARD e HOEFER-AMIDE Public Relations. 426 Pacific, San Francisca California 94133. (415)788-1333 DOWS Release FROM: SHASTA BEVERAGES INC. CONTACT: Gary Thompson (415) 783-1333 DATE: July 17, 1979 FOR RELEASE: Immediately SHASTA BEVERAGES INC. INTRODUCES REVOLUTIONARY NEW SOFT DRINK LINE (Hayward, CA., July 17, 1979) -- Shasta Beverages Inc., a Consolidated Poods company, announced one of the most signifi- cant breakthroughs in soft drink history this week with the in- troduction of a reformulated regular Shasta soft drink line, using a new nutritive sweetener, high fructose corn syrup, to replace ordinary sugar, The move marks the first time a soft drunk com- pany has totally eliminated use of ordinary refined sugar to setth gul soft drinks, according to Robert Jaunich II, pres- ident of the nation's seventh largest soft drink company. "We have reformulated our full line of regular soft drinks, which now taste better and offer the consumer an alternative to ordinary sugared soft drinks, " he noted. Fructose is a simple sweetener found in honey and most fresh fruits. "It is sweeter than sucrose, or ordinary refined sugar, and as a result it doesn't have the typical syrupy taste associ- ated with ordinary sugar,' commented Cecil Lowry, vice president/ science & technology for Shasta. "High fructose syrup seems to enhance the flavor of our soft drinks. It allows the true flavers to come out." Independent taste tests have shown that new Shasta ranks better with consumers than old Shasta with ordinary sugar. "We're particulary pleased with this outcome, Lowry commented. "Because fructose is somewhat sweeter than ordinary sugar, -more- Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ykpj0226 SHASTA/2 we are able to achieve the right sweetness for our regular soft drinks while using at least 5% less sweetener. This is a nice plus for weight conscious soft drink users." According to Jaunich, Shasta's interest in nutritive sweeteners began same 20 years ago, and blended sweeteners have been used in regular Shasta since 1966. Then, in 1969, the technology to produce high fructose corn syrup became commercially possible and Shasta was the first beverage campany to use it. "The first generation fructose was HFCS 42, forty-two percent fructose," Jaunich stated. "We began experimenting with it in 1969, finally blending it with ordinary sugar on a 50-50 basis. Consumer taste tests at that time indicated a preference for the new formulation and we knew we were on the right track." Eccause of this initial success, Shasta began long-term research with a second sweetener that used considerably more fructose when it became avail- able only two years ago. The program was accelerated last year when this sweetener became comercially available in sufficient quantities and Shasta saw the advantages in switching its entire line to the new sweetener and totally eliminating crdinary sugar. "New technology has now made it possible to obtain high fructose sweetener from the vast American corn supply," Jaunich commented "This offers a depen- dable quantity at: a stable price because American corn producers, who supply over 45% of the world's corn, have assigned fructose sweeteners high produc- tion priority. The use of fructose to sweeten soft drinks has a number of benefits Shasta took into consideration in its decision. "First," he noted, "the use of fructose syrup has a positive impact on the economy of the United States. It helps to replace American industry's de- pendence on foreign sugar, which currently amounts to 75% of all sugar used in this country's soft: drinks. Second, there are a number of by-products -more- Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ykpj0226 SHASTA/3 created from the wet milling process used to produce fructose such as feedstuffs, oils, and starches. These items are exported, thus alleviating same of the U.S. trade deficit. "In a time when the U.S. balance of trade deficit is contributing to the weakening of the dollar and our needs for sources of employ- ment continue to grow, it makes sense to utilize domestic resources, production facilities, and workers to supply the nation's sweetener needs." This new damestic sweetener also offers Shasta, and its customers, an economic benefit, Jaunich pointed out. It costs less than ordinary refined sugar. This means that the company can continue to offer its soft drinks at prices lower than the other national brands. In addi- tion, the U.S. com market also promises a continuing stable price for fructose sweetener. Therefore, skyrocketing soft drink prices based on inflated foreign sugar prices, such as those incurred in 1974, will no longer be a threat in the future. Jaunich said that Shasta is currently watching the development of a third generation fructose because it would allo Shasta to achieve the right sweetness with substantially fewer calories. "However, right now it's not available in the quantities t.e require, and is ex- pensive," he added. "As it becomes available, we will be taking a close look at it." In the meantime, Jaunich commented, the current total switch from or- dinary sugar to fructose sweetener represents a major breakthrough in soft drink industry for Shasta, and also signals the beginning of a complete repositioning for the entire company. "With the total elimination of ordinary sugar from our regular line of products," Jaunich said, "our research and development will be oriented to making products that consumers feel better about drinking." Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ykpj0226 8. Where Does Shasta Get Its Fructose? C urrent production of fructose comes from one of America's most abundant crops-corn. Over 47 per cent of the world's corn is grown in the United States. Our supply of high fructose corn sweetener will come from major corn refiners in the Midwest. Because of our size, and our ability to reformulate our entire line of regular soft drinks nation-wide, Shasta has been able to arrange fruc- tose allocations from these suppliers to satisfy de- mand generated by our sales increases for years to come. 9. Will Shasta Utilize Fructose Sweetener for New Products? W e are currently researching the use of fructose sweetener for a variety of new pro- ducts, and Capri Sun, currently being test marketed in the East, is sweetened with fructose sweetener. THE We feel fructose has tremendous potential as a sweetener for both our current line of regular pro- ducts and for a variety of new products currently under consideration. For the foreseeable future, SHASTA fructose will be our only nutritive sweetener. 10. Why Aren't Other Soft Drink ALTERNATIVE Companies Using Fructose Sweetener In Their Products? M any national companies, such as Coke and Pepsi, have approved use of fructose for some of their product lines. However, most bottlers have not reformulated. Unlike Shasta, these com- panies are encumbered by a franchise bottler system which has delayed the changeover. However, we are confident Shasta's reformulation will lead to a rapid growth in the use of fructose sweetener in soft drinks. In the meantime, our na- tional conversion has provided us a real break- through and leadership position in the industry. 11. Just How Beneficent is Fructose? A Ithough there may, in reality, be little or no connection between sugar intake and health Answers to the most frequently asked problems, consumers remain wary of any product with high sugar content. As a result, consumers questions about fructose who are interested in cutting down their consump- tion of ordinary refined sugar have had little or no choice of alternative sweeteners until now. However, because fructose is so new, there is not yet a large amount of completed research studies on it. The medical profession is not in total agree- ment on its use by diabetics and others who must restrict their intake of ordinary sugar. Some doctors prescribe fructose, others do not. Our advice for people who have medically restricted diets is to consult their personal physician. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ykpj0226

who is the vice president of shasta beverages?

ykpj0226

ykpj0226_p0, ykpj0226_p1, ykpj0226_p2, ykpj0226_p3, ykpj0226_p4

Cecil B. Lowry

Shasta BEVERAGES INC. ACONSOLIDATED FOODS COMPANY RESPONSIVE TO CONSUMER NEEDS EXECUTIVE OFFICES January 14, 1980 Ms. Bonnie Liebman 1755 S Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20009 Dear Ms. Liebman: Thank you for taking the time to call about your interest in Shasta's new fructose-sweetened soft drinks. As requested, I have enclosed some information sheets which will tell you more about our new product line. Again, Ms. Liebman, thank you for letting us know of your interest. Sincerely, Envey Cecil B. Lowry Vice President Science & Technology CBL/jc Enclosures 26901DASTRIAL BOULEVARD e HOEFER-AMIDE Public Relations. 426 Pacific, San Francisca California 94133. (415)788-1333 DOWS Release FROM: SHASTA BEVERAGES INC. CONTACT: Gary Thompson (415) 783-1333 DATE: July 17, 1979 FOR RELEASE: Immediately SHASTA BEVERAGES INC. INTRODUCES REVOLUTIONARY NEW SOFT DRINK LINE (Hayward, CA., July 17, 1979) -- Shasta Beverages Inc., a Consolidated Poods company, announced one of the most signifi- cant breakthroughs in soft drink history this week with the in- troduction of a reformulated regular Shasta soft drink line, using a new nutritive sweetener, high fructose corn syrup, to replace ordinary sugar, The move marks the first time a soft drunk com- pany has totally eliminated use of ordinary refined sugar to setth gul soft drinks, according to Robert Jaunich II, pres- ident of the nation's seventh largest soft drink company. "We have reformulated our full line of regular soft drinks, which now taste better and offer the consumer an alternative to ordinary sugared soft drinks, " he noted. Fructose is a simple sweetener found in honey and most fresh fruits. "It is sweeter than sucrose, or ordinary refined sugar, and as a result it doesn't have the typical syrupy taste associ- ated with ordinary sugar,' commented Cecil Lowry, vice president/ science & technology for Shasta. "High fructose syrup seems to enhance the flavor of our soft drinks. It allows the true flavers to come out." Independent taste tests have shown that new Shasta ranks better with consumers than old Shasta with ordinary sugar. "We're particulary pleased with this outcome, Lowry commented. "Because fructose is somewhat sweeter than ordinary sugar, -more- Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ykpj0226 SHASTA/2 we are able to achieve the right sweetness for our regular soft drinks while using at least 5% less sweetener. This is a nice plus for weight conscious soft drink users." According to Jaunich, Shasta's interest in nutritive sweeteners began same 20 years ago, and blended sweeteners have been used in regular Shasta since 1966. Then, in 1969, the technology to produce high fructose corn syrup became commercially possible and Shasta was the first beverage campany to use it. "The first generation fructose was HFCS 42, forty-two percent fructose," Jaunich stated. "We began experimenting with it in 1969, finally blending it with ordinary sugar on a 50-50 basis. Consumer taste tests at that time indicated a preference for the new formulation and we knew we were on the right track." Eccause of this initial success, Shasta began long-term research with a second sweetener that used considerably more fructose when it became avail- able only two years ago. The program was accelerated last year when this sweetener became comercially available in sufficient quantities and Shasta saw the advantages in switching its entire line to the new sweetener and totally eliminating crdinary sugar. "New technology has now made it possible to obtain high fructose sweetener from the vast American corn supply," Jaunich commented "This offers a depen- dable quantity at: a stable price because American corn producers, who supply over 45% of the world's corn, have assigned fructose sweeteners high produc- tion priority. The use of fructose to sweeten soft drinks has a number of benefits Shasta took into consideration in its decision. "First," he noted, "the use of fructose syrup has a positive impact on the economy of the United States. It helps to replace American industry's de- pendence on foreign sugar, which currently amounts to 75% of all sugar used in this country's soft: drinks. Second, there are a number of by-products -more- Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ykpj0226 SHASTA/3 created from the wet milling process used to produce fructose such as feedstuffs, oils, and starches. These items are exported, thus alleviating same of the U.S. trade deficit. "In a time when the U.S. balance of trade deficit is contributing to the weakening of the dollar and our needs for sources of employ- ment continue to grow, it makes sense to utilize domestic resources, production facilities, and workers to supply the nation's sweetener needs." This new damestic sweetener also offers Shasta, and its customers, an economic benefit, Jaunich pointed out. It costs less than ordinary refined sugar. This means that the company can continue to offer its soft drinks at prices lower than the other national brands. In addi- tion, the U.S. com market also promises a continuing stable price for fructose sweetener. Therefore, skyrocketing soft drink prices based on inflated foreign sugar prices, such as those incurred in 1974, will no longer be a threat in the future. Jaunich said that Shasta is currently watching the development of a third generation fructose because it would allo Shasta to achieve the right sweetness with substantially fewer calories. "However, right now it's not available in the quantities t.e require, and is ex- pensive," he added. "As it becomes available, we will be taking a close look at it." In the meantime, Jaunich commented, the current total switch from or- dinary sugar to fructose sweetener represents a major breakthrough in soft drink industry for Shasta, and also signals the beginning of a complete repositioning for the entire company. "With the total elimination of ordinary sugar from our regular line of products," Jaunich said, "our research and development will be oriented to making products that consumers feel better about drinking." Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ykpj0226 8. Where Does Shasta Get Its Fructose? C urrent production of fructose comes from one of America's most abundant crops-corn. Over 47 per cent of the world's corn is grown in the United States. Our supply of high fructose corn sweetener will come from major corn refiners in the Midwest. Because of our size, and our ability to reformulate our entire line of regular soft drinks nation-wide, Shasta has been able to arrange fruc- tose allocations from these suppliers to satisfy de- mand generated by our sales increases for years to come. 9. Will Shasta Utilize Fructose Sweetener for New Products? W e are currently researching the use of fructose sweetener for a variety of new pro- ducts, and Capri Sun, currently being test marketed in the East, is sweetened with fructose sweetener. THE We feel fructose has tremendous potential as a sweetener for both our current line of regular pro- ducts and for a variety of new products currently under consideration. For the foreseeable future, SHASTA fructose will be our only nutritive sweetener. 10. Why Aren't Other Soft Drink ALTERNATIVE Companies Using Fructose Sweetener In Their Products? M any national companies, such as Coke and Pepsi, have approved use of fructose for some of their product lines. However, most bottlers have not reformulated. Unlike Shasta, these com- panies are encumbered by a franchise bottler system which has delayed the changeover. However, we are confident Shasta's reformulation will lead to a rapid growth in the use of fructose sweetener in soft drinks. In the meantime, our na- tional conversion has provided us a real break- through and leadership position in the industry. 11. Just How Beneficent is Fructose? A Ithough there may, in reality, be little or no connection between sugar intake and health Answers to the most frequently asked problems, consumers remain wary of any product with high sugar content. As a result, consumers questions about fructose who are interested in cutting down their consump- tion of ordinary refined sugar have had little or no choice of alternative sweeteners until now. However, because fructose is so new, there is not yet a large amount of completed research studies on it. The medical profession is not in total agree- ment on its use by diabetics and others who must restrict their intake of ordinary sugar. Some doctors prescribe fructose, others do not. Our advice for people who have medically restricted diets is to consult their personal physician. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ykpj0226

What is the date mentioned in this letter?

ykpj0226

ykpj0226_p0, ykpj0226_p1, ykpj0226_p2, ykpj0226_p3, ykpj0226_p4

January 14, 1980

Shasta BEVERAGES INC. ACONSOLIDATED FOODS COMPANY RESPONSIVE TO CONSUMER NEEDS EXECUTIVE OFFICES January 14, 1980 Ms. Bonnie Liebman 1755 S Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20009 Dear Ms. Liebman: Thank you for taking the time to call about your interest in Shasta's new fructose-sweetened soft drinks. As requested, I have enclosed some information sheets which will tell you more about our new product line. Again, Ms. Liebman, thank you for letting us know of your interest. Sincerely, Envey Cecil B. Lowry Vice President Science & Technology CBL/jc Enclosures 26901DASTRIAL BOULEVARD e HOEFER-AMIDE Public Relations. 426 Pacific, San Francisca California 94133. (415)788-1333 DOWS Release FROM: SHASTA BEVERAGES INC. CONTACT: Gary Thompson (415) 783-1333 DATE: July 17, 1979 FOR RELEASE: Immediately SHASTA BEVERAGES INC. INTRODUCES REVOLUTIONARY NEW SOFT DRINK LINE (Hayward, CA., July 17, 1979) -- Shasta Beverages Inc., a Consolidated Poods company, announced one of the most signifi- cant breakthroughs in soft drink history this week with the in- troduction of a reformulated regular Shasta soft drink line, using a new nutritive sweetener, high fructose corn syrup, to replace ordinary sugar, The move marks the first time a soft drunk com- pany has totally eliminated use of ordinary refined sugar to setth gul soft drinks, according to Robert Jaunich II, pres- ident of the nation's seventh largest soft drink company. "We have reformulated our full line of regular soft drinks, which now taste better and offer the consumer an alternative to ordinary sugared soft drinks, " he noted. Fructose is a simple sweetener found in honey and most fresh fruits. "It is sweeter than sucrose, or ordinary refined sugar, and as a result it doesn't have the typical syrupy taste associ- ated with ordinary sugar,' commented Cecil Lowry, vice president/ science & technology for Shasta. "High fructose syrup seems to enhance the flavor of our soft drinks. It allows the true flavers to come out." Independent taste tests have shown that new Shasta ranks better with consumers than old Shasta with ordinary sugar. "We're particulary pleased with this outcome, Lowry commented. "Because fructose is somewhat sweeter than ordinary sugar, -more- Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ykpj0226 SHASTA/2 we are able to achieve the right sweetness for our regular soft drinks while using at least 5% less sweetener. This is a nice plus for weight conscious soft drink users." According to Jaunich, Shasta's interest in nutritive sweeteners began same 20 years ago, and blended sweeteners have been used in regular Shasta since 1966. Then, in 1969, the technology to produce high fructose corn syrup became commercially possible and Shasta was the first beverage campany to use it. "The first generation fructose was HFCS 42, forty-two percent fructose," Jaunich stated. "We began experimenting with it in 1969, finally blending it with ordinary sugar on a 50-50 basis. Consumer taste tests at that time indicated a preference for the new formulation and we knew we were on the right track." Eccause of this initial success, Shasta began long-term research with a second sweetener that used considerably more fructose when it became avail- able only two years ago. The program was accelerated last year when this sweetener became comercially available in sufficient quantities and Shasta saw the advantages in switching its entire line to the new sweetener and totally eliminating crdinary sugar. "New technology has now made it possible to obtain high fructose sweetener from the vast American corn supply," Jaunich commented "This offers a depen- dable quantity at: a stable price because American corn producers, who supply over 45% of the world's corn, have assigned fructose sweeteners high produc- tion priority. The use of fructose to sweeten soft drinks has a number of benefits Shasta took into consideration in its decision. "First," he noted, "the use of fructose syrup has a positive impact on the economy of the United States. It helps to replace American industry's de- pendence on foreign sugar, which currently amounts to 75% of all sugar used in this country's soft: drinks. Second, there are a number of by-products -more- Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ykpj0226 SHASTA/3 created from the wet milling process used to produce fructose such as feedstuffs, oils, and starches. These items are exported, thus alleviating same of the U.S. trade deficit. "In a time when the U.S. balance of trade deficit is contributing to the weakening of the dollar and our needs for sources of employ- ment continue to grow, it makes sense to utilize domestic resources, production facilities, and workers to supply the nation's sweetener needs." This new damestic sweetener also offers Shasta, and its customers, an economic benefit, Jaunich pointed out. It costs less than ordinary refined sugar. This means that the company can continue to offer its soft drinks at prices lower than the other national brands. In addi- tion, the U.S. com market also promises a continuing stable price for fructose sweetener. Therefore, skyrocketing soft drink prices based on inflated foreign sugar prices, such as those incurred in 1974, will no longer be a threat in the future. Jaunich said that Shasta is currently watching the development of a third generation fructose because it would allo Shasta to achieve the right sweetness with substantially fewer calories. "However, right now it's not available in the quantities t.e require, and is ex- pensive," he added. "As it becomes available, we will be taking a close look at it." In the meantime, Jaunich commented, the current total switch from or- dinary sugar to fructose sweetener represents a major breakthrough in soft drink industry for Shasta, and also signals the beginning of a complete repositioning for the entire company. "With the total elimination of ordinary sugar from our regular line of products," Jaunich said, "our research and development will be oriented to making products that consumers feel better about drinking." Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ykpj0226 8. Where Does Shasta Get Its Fructose? C urrent production of fructose comes from one of America's most abundant crops-corn. Over 47 per cent of the world's corn is grown in the United States. Our supply of high fructose corn sweetener will come from major corn refiners in the Midwest. Because of our size, and our ability to reformulate our entire line of regular soft drinks nation-wide, Shasta has been able to arrange fruc- tose allocations from these suppliers to satisfy de- mand generated by our sales increases for years to come. 9. Will Shasta Utilize Fructose Sweetener for New Products? W e are currently researching the use of fructose sweetener for a variety of new pro- ducts, and Capri Sun, currently being test marketed in the East, is sweetened with fructose sweetener. THE We feel fructose has tremendous potential as a sweetener for both our current line of regular pro- ducts and for a variety of new products currently under consideration. For the foreseeable future, SHASTA fructose will be our only nutritive sweetener. 10. Why Aren't Other Soft Drink ALTERNATIVE Companies Using Fructose Sweetener In Their Products? M any national companies, such as Coke and Pepsi, have approved use of fructose for some of their product lines. However, most bottlers have not reformulated. Unlike Shasta, these com- panies are encumbered by a franchise bottler system which has delayed the changeover. However, we are confident Shasta's reformulation will lead to a rapid growth in the use of fructose sweetener in soft drinks. In the meantime, our na- tional conversion has provided us a real break- through and leadership position in the industry. 11. Just How Beneficent is Fructose? A Ithough there may, in reality, be little or no connection between sugar intake and health Answers to the most frequently asked problems, consumers remain wary of any product with high sugar content. As a result, consumers questions about fructose who are interested in cutting down their consump- tion of ordinary refined sugar have had little or no choice of alternative sweeteners until now. However, because fructose is so new, there is not yet a large amount of completed research studies on it. The medical profession is not in total agree- ment on its use by diabetics and others who must restrict their intake of ordinary sugar. Some doctors prescribe fructose, others do not. Our advice for people who have medically restricted diets is to consult their personal physician. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ykpj0226

Who has written the comments?

ghpj0226

ghpj0226_p0, ghpj0226_p1, ghpj0226_p2, ghpj0226_p3, ghpj0226_p4, ghpj0226_p5, ghpj0226_p6

Michael F. Brown and Richard L. Frank, Michael f. brown and richard l. frank

COMMENTS ON BEHALF OF THE AMERICAN FROZEN FOOD INSTITUTE ON H. R. 10358 BEFORE THE HOUSE SUBCOMMITTEE ON HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT by Michael F. Brown and Richard L. Frank July 17, , 1978 Source: ttps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ghpj0226 COMMENTS ON BEHALF OF THE AMERICAN FROZEN FOOD INSTITUTE ON H.R. 10358 BEFORE THE HOUSE SUBCOMMITTEE ON HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT This statement is submitted on behalf of the American Frozen Food Institute ("AFFI"), a national non-profit trade association representing companies that manufacture and distribute frozen food throughout the United States. Included in its more than 400 members are the principal packers, suppliers, and marketers of frozen food products in the United States. AFFI and its members welcome this opportunity to share with the Subcommittee the views of the frozen food industry on this important legislation. In submitting these comments to the House Subcommittee on Health and the Environment, AFFI intends to focus on several areas of particular importance to its members. In essence, AFFI: (1) Supports federal preemption of state labeling require- ments that are in addition to or different from federal requirements; (2) Recommends inclusion of a provision which would limit criminal penalties to violations of the Federal Food Source: :ttps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ghpj0226 - 2 - Drug and Cosmetic Act which are committed knowingly, willfully, or negligently; (3) Opposes broad authority requiring notification of all recalls of adulterated and/or misbranded food; open (4) Supports the food coding provisions of the bill; (5) Supports a modified version of the food distribution records provision which would limit in the statute the time period to two years and would require FDA to demon- strate need prior to obtaining access to their records; (6) Opposes expansion of FDA's record access authority, unless the need for such access is demonstrated on a case by case basis, and supports the provision which requires FDA to establish procedures to assure confiden- tiality of records; (7) Supports food plant registration provisions, and (8) Recommends that the Subcommittee delay consideration of the labeling issues until the conclusion of the FDA/USDA/ FTC cooperative hearings on Food Labeling this summer and early fall. I. FEDERAL PREEMPTION Section 6 of H. R. 10358 would amend the Federal, Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act by adding a new Section 416 which would provide: SEC. 416. (a) Except as provided in subsection (b), no State or political subdivision of a State may establish or continue in effect a labeling requirement applicable to any food which is different from or in addition to any labeling requirement applicable to such food under section 403. Subsection (b) would authorize FDA to grant specific. exemptions to State and local governments which demonstrate that such exemption is (1) required by compelling local conditions and (2) compliance with it would not cause a food to be in violation of a requirement under Section 403. Source: :https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ghpj0226 - 3 - - AFFI strongly supports this proposal to preempt state and/or local requirements which are "different from or in addition to" the federal require- - ments contained in the Act. This gap in Act was recently pointed out by the Supreme Court in Jones V. Rath Packing Co. 430 U.S. 510 (1977). However, instead of the rather limited preemption provision contained in H.R. 103 58 applying only to label information, AFFI urges the Committee to revise proposed Section 416 to bring it into line with the preemption provisions in the Wholesome Meat Act and the Egg Products Inspection Act. AFFI recommends: 416 (a). Labeling, packaging, notice, or ingredient requirements, in addition to or different than those made under this Act or the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act, may not be imposed by any State or local jurisdic- tion with respect to food products regulated under such acts, except as provided in subsection (b) of this section. This revised version of Section 416 of the food surveillance legislation would, in summary, have the following advantages: 1. It would provide certainty and avoid unnecessary litigation concerning Congressional intent. 2. It would establish a uniform approach to preemption for all foods. 3. It would clarify preemption for foods under the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act. 4. It would avoid confusion arising from the overlapping jurisdiction over foods subject to federal regulation. Persons who distribute food in more than one state have an obvious interest that the regulatory structure in different. states be as uniform as possible. Many of AFFI's members distribute throughout the country. As to subjects regulated by federal statutes, uniformity among the states may be achieved through inclusion of preemptive language in the federal statute. Source: https://www.industrydocuments,ucsf.edu/docs/ghpj0226 - -4 - Even where a federal statute includes no explicit preemptive language, it will, nevertheless, preempt state statutes and regulations so inconsistent as to constitute a significant burden on interstate commerce. The Supreme Court's recent decision in Jones v. Rath Packing Co. , 430 U.S. 519 (1977), interprets the preemption provisions of three federal statutes involving food regulation; the Wholesome Meat Act, the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, and the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act. The Court's opinion provides valuable guidance as to the effect given the wording of statutory provisions relating to uniformity of federal and state requirements applicable to products distributed in interstate commerce. Section 408 of the Wholesome Meat Act prohibits a state from imposing "marking, labeling, packaging, or ingredient requirements in addition to, or different than, those made under the Act.' In Rath Packing, the Supreme Court held that the California misbranding regulations as applied to Rath's bacon, which made no allowance for loss of weight resulting from moisture loss during the course o: good distribution practice was "different than" the federal requirement, which permits such variations. Even the dissenters agreed that the California require- - ments were "preempted by the express preemptive provision of the Wholesome Meat Act. The preemptive provision of the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act prohibits state laws "which are less stringent than or require information different from the requirement of" Section 4 of that Act. The Supreme Court held that "the meaning Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ghpj0226 - 5 - of the statutory preemption of laws that require 'information different from' the federal net weight labeling provisions, like the meaning of the phrase 'less stringent, is unclear. " The Court then noted that the legislative history sug- gests a Congressional intent to preempt only state laws which impose requirements "inconsistent with those imposed by federal law.' On this basis, the Court held that the California regulation failing to provide for varia- tion by reason of moisture loss was not preempted under this language. The Supreme Court did find preemption, however, under the Fair Pack- aging and Labeling Act when it held that the California requirements would frustrate Congressional policy underlying the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act. The Court found that "a major purpose of the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act is to facilitate value CO mparisons among similar products, and concluded: This goal cannot be accomplished unless packages that bear the same indicated weight in fact contain the same quantity of product for which the consumer is paying. 430 U.S. at 531. The Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act contains no preemptive language. The Supreme Court opinion in Jones V, Rath Packing Co. includes no holding or dictum relating to preemption under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. On the basis of the Supreme Court's opinion, the language of Section 416 of H.R. 10358 would appear to be somewhere between the relative certainty and effectiveness of the Wholesome Meat Act's preemption provision and the ambiguity and ineffectiveness of that in the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act. Section 416 does not include the ambiguous reference of the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act to "less stringent" requirements, but it does purport to Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ghpj0226 -6- - supersede state laws which "require information which is different from" information required under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. This wording is quite close to the language in the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act (state laws which "require information different from") which the Supreme Court found to be "unclear, and which it interpreted on the basis of the legislative history to mean "inconsistent with. " In addition to the Wholesome Meat Act, two other federal food regulations .preempt "additional" or "different" state and/or local requirements. The preemption provision of the Poultry Products Inspection Act is virtually identical to Section 408 of the Wholesome Meat Act. 21 U.S.C. Section 467e. The Egg Products Inspection Act likewise provides for uniformity nearly as exten- sive as the meat and poultry statutes. AFFI believes proposed Section 416 (a) should be amended to bring it into line with the preemption language which the Supreme Court found clear and explicit in the Wholesome Meat Act. The use of language similar to that in the Wholesome Meat Act in proposed Section 416(a) would provide a high degree of certainty as to the effectiveness of preemption, would remove the ambiguity created by the proposed language, and would avoid the need for unnecessary and costly litigation to resolve questions as to the Congressional intent. It would also assure uniformity of regulation with respect to all food distributed in interstate commerce, and would give effect to the clear Congressional policy of avoiding 1 conflicting regulation of products labeled and shipped for national distribution. 1 This policy is clearly reflected in the Wholesome Meat Act, 21 U. S. C. Section 678; Egg Products Inspection Act, 21 U.S.C. Section 1052; the device amendments to the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, 21 U.S. C. Section 360k; the Federal Environmental Pesticide Control Act, 15 U.S.C C. Section 136v; the Poison Prevention Packaging Act, 15 U.S. C. Section 1476; the Consumer Product Safety Act, 15 U.S. C. Section 2075; and the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act, 15 U.S.C. Section 1920. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ghpj0226

what is the name of the food institute

ghpj0226

ghpj0226_p0, ghpj0226_p1, ghpj0226_p2, ghpj0226_p3, ghpj0226_p4, ghpj0226_p5, ghpj0226_p6

the American Frozen food institute, the american frozen food institute

COMMENTS ON BEHALF OF THE AMERICAN FROZEN FOOD INSTITUTE ON H. R. 10358 BEFORE THE HOUSE SUBCOMMITTEE ON HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT by Michael F. Brown and Richard L. Frank July 17, , 1978 Source: ttps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ghpj0226 COMMENTS ON BEHALF OF THE AMERICAN FROZEN FOOD INSTITUTE ON H.R. 10358 BEFORE THE HOUSE SUBCOMMITTEE ON HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT This statement is submitted on behalf of the American Frozen Food Institute ("AFFI"), a national non-profit trade association representing companies that manufacture and distribute frozen food throughout the United States. Included in its more than 400 members are the principal packers, suppliers, and marketers of frozen food products in the United States. AFFI and its members welcome this opportunity to share with the Subcommittee the views of the frozen food industry on this important legislation. In submitting these comments to the House Subcommittee on Health and the Environment, AFFI intends to focus on several areas of particular importance to its members. In essence, AFFI: (1) Supports federal preemption of state labeling require- ments that are in addition to or different from federal requirements; (2) Recommends inclusion of a provision which would limit criminal penalties to violations of the Federal Food Source: :ttps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ghpj0226 - 2 - Drug and Cosmetic Act which are committed knowingly, willfully, or negligently; (3) Opposes broad authority requiring notification of all recalls of adulterated and/or misbranded food; open (4) Supports the food coding provisions of the bill; (5) Supports a modified version of the food distribution records provision which would limit in the statute the time period to two years and would require FDA to demon- strate need prior to obtaining access to their records; (6) Opposes expansion of FDA's record access authority, unless the need for such access is demonstrated on a case by case basis, and supports the provision which requires FDA to establish procedures to assure confiden- tiality of records; (7) Supports food plant registration provisions, and (8) Recommends that the Subcommittee delay consideration of the labeling issues until the conclusion of the FDA/USDA/ FTC cooperative hearings on Food Labeling this summer and early fall. I. FEDERAL PREEMPTION Section 6 of H. R. 10358 would amend the Federal, Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act by adding a new Section 416 which would provide: SEC. 416. (a) Except as provided in subsection (b), no State or political subdivision of a State may establish or continue in effect a labeling requirement applicable to any food which is different from or in addition to any labeling requirement applicable to such food under section 403. Subsection (b) would authorize FDA to grant specific. exemptions to State and local governments which demonstrate that such exemption is (1) required by compelling local conditions and (2) compliance with it would not cause a food to be in violation of a requirement under Section 403. Source: :https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ghpj0226 - 3 - - AFFI strongly supports this proposal to preempt state and/or local requirements which are "different from or in addition to" the federal require- - ments contained in the Act. This gap in Act was recently pointed out by the Supreme Court in Jones V. Rath Packing Co. 430 U.S. 510 (1977). However, instead of the rather limited preemption provision contained in H.R. 103 58 applying only to label information, AFFI urges the Committee to revise proposed Section 416 to bring it into line with the preemption provisions in the Wholesome Meat Act and the Egg Products Inspection Act. AFFI recommends: 416 (a). Labeling, packaging, notice, or ingredient requirements, in addition to or different than those made under this Act or the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act, may not be imposed by any State or local jurisdic- tion with respect to food products regulated under such acts, except as provided in subsection (b) of this section. This revised version of Section 416 of the food surveillance legislation would, in summary, have the following advantages: 1. It would provide certainty and avoid unnecessary litigation concerning Congressional intent. 2. It would establish a uniform approach to preemption for all foods. 3. It would clarify preemption for foods under the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act. 4. It would avoid confusion arising from the overlapping jurisdiction over foods subject to federal regulation. Persons who distribute food in more than one state have an obvious interest that the regulatory structure in different. states be as uniform as possible. Many of AFFI's members distribute throughout the country. As to subjects regulated by federal statutes, uniformity among the states may be achieved through inclusion of preemptive language in the federal statute. Source: https://www.industrydocuments,ucsf.edu/docs/ghpj0226 - -4 - Even where a federal statute includes no explicit preemptive language, it will, nevertheless, preempt state statutes and regulations so inconsistent as to constitute a significant burden on interstate commerce. The Supreme Court's recent decision in Jones v. Rath Packing Co. , 430 U.S. 519 (1977), interprets the preemption provisions of three federal statutes involving food regulation; the Wholesome Meat Act, the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, and the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act. The Court's opinion provides valuable guidance as to the effect given the wording of statutory provisions relating to uniformity of federal and state requirements applicable to products distributed in interstate commerce. Section 408 of the Wholesome Meat Act prohibits a state from imposing "marking, labeling, packaging, or ingredient requirements in addition to, or different than, those made under the Act.' In Rath Packing, the Supreme Court held that the California misbranding regulations as applied to Rath's bacon, which made no allowance for loss of weight resulting from moisture loss during the course o: good distribution practice was "different than" the federal requirement, which permits such variations. Even the dissenters agreed that the California require- - ments were "preempted by the express preemptive provision of the Wholesome Meat Act. The preemptive provision of the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act prohibits state laws "which are less stringent than or require information different from the requirement of" Section 4 of that Act. The Supreme Court held that "the meaning Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ghpj0226 - 5 - of the statutory preemption of laws that require 'information different from' the federal net weight labeling provisions, like the meaning of the phrase 'less stringent, is unclear. " The Court then noted that the legislative history sug- gests a Congressional intent to preempt only state laws which impose requirements "inconsistent with those imposed by federal law.' On this basis, the Court held that the California regulation failing to provide for varia- tion by reason of moisture loss was not preempted under this language. The Supreme Court did find preemption, however, under the Fair Pack- aging and Labeling Act when it held that the California requirements would frustrate Congressional policy underlying the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act. The Court found that "a major purpose of the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act is to facilitate value CO mparisons among similar products, and concluded: This goal cannot be accomplished unless packages that bear the same indicated weight in fact contain the same quantity of product for which the consumer is paying. 430 U.S. at 531. The Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act contains no preemptive language. The Supreme Court opinion in Jones V, Rath Packing Co. includes no holding or dictum relating to preemption under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. On the basis of the Supreme Court's opinion, the language of Section 416 of H.R. 10358 would appear to be somewhere between the relative certainty and effectiveness of the Wholesome Meat Act's preemption provision and the ambiguity and ineffectiveness of that in the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act. Section 416 does not include the ambiguous reference of the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act to "less stringent" requirements, but it does purport to Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ghpj0226 -6- - supersede state laws which "require information which is different from" information required under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. This wording is quite close to the language in the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act (state laws which "require information different from") which the Supreme Court found to be "unclear, and which it interpreted on the basis of the legislative history to mean "inconsistent with. " In addition to the Wholesome Meat Act, two other federal food regulations .preempt "additional" or "different" state and/or local requirements. The preemption provision of the Poultry Products Inspection Act is virtually identical to Section 408 of the Wholesome Meat Act. 21 U.S.C. Section 467e. The Egg Products Inspection Act likewise provides for uniformity nearly as exten- sive as the meat and poultry statutes. AFFI believes proposed Section 416 (a) should be amended to bring it into line with the preemption language which the Supreme Court found clear and explicit in the Wholesome Meat Act. The use of language similar to that in the Wholesome Meat Act in proposed Section 416(a) would provide a high degree of certainty as to the effectiveness of preemption, would remove the ambiguity created by the proposed language, and would avoid the need for unnecessary and costly litigation to resolve questions as to the Congressional intent. It would also assure uniformity of regulation with respect to all food distributed in interstate commerce, and would give effect to the clear Congressional policy of avoiding 1 conflicting regulation of products labeled and shipped for national distribution. 1 This policy is clearly reflected in the Wholesome Meat Act, 21 U. S. C. Section 678; Egg Products Inspection Act, 21 U.S.C. Section 1052; the device amendments to the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, 21 U.S. C. Section 360k; the Federal Environmental Pesticide Control Act, 15 U.S.C C. Section 136v; the Poison Prevention Packaging Act, 15 U.S. C. Section 1476; the Consumer Product Safety Act, 15 U.S. C. Section 2075; and the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act, 15 U.S.C. Section 1920. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ghpj0226

what does the phosphoric acid contain ?

mtyj0226

mtyj0226_p8, mtyj0226_p9, mtyj0226_p10, mtyj0226_p11, mtyj0226_p12, mtyj0226_p13

mineral phosphorous

241 IS) 17'71/2.1 IN SOFT DRINKS A ll soft drink products of led to the misconception that The Coca-Cola Company "natural" foods and ingredients are wholesome beverages pro- are inherently safer than those duced in compliance with state manufactured. But it is important and federal food laws, and the to recognize that all foods- laws of more than 155 countries whether picked from your garden where we market our products. or from the grocery shelf-are made of chemicals. An additive is any substance Many of the substances added that becomes part of a food when to processed food products are added directly or indirectly during chemically identical to those any aspect of production, process- which are found in "natural" ing, storage or packaging. Many foods. For example, ascorbic acid, additives are centuries old. The or Vitamin C, is exactly the same use of salt, sugar and spices to substance, whether found in an preserve foods and enhance their orange or made in a laboratory. flavor predates the settlement of While some additives may be this country. unique to processed foods, it is There are many reasons why important to remember that they additives are intentionally used in have been extensively tested. foods and beverages. Some are Many substances found in used to maintain or improve the "natural" foods have not been nutritional value of foods. Others subjected to such rigorous testing. are used to maintain freshness by Yet it is known that some retarding spoilage and preventing "natural" foodstuffs contain changes in color, flavor and tex- substances potentially harmful if ture. Additives also help in pro- consumed in excessive amounts. cessing or preparation by retaining moisture, keeping texture consis- The Safety of Additives tent, preventing lumping or caking, Since the turn of the century, or controlling the acidity or alka- specific laws have regulated food linity of a food product. Finally, and color additives. These require certain additives enhance a prod- clear evidence that substances are uct's taste, which makes it more safe at levels of intended use appealing. before they may be added to food As the food industry attempts products. In an approval process to feed an ever-expanding world that may take several years, manu- population, additives become facturers must demonstrate that more and more important. They the proposed new additive allow manufacturers to provide achieves its intended effect. The consumers with a safe, whole- substance must also be tested in some, appetizing and economic laboratory animals to demonstrate food supply. Additives insure that its safety. Even then, the amount foods can be distributed over con- of the additive approved for use siderable distances and stored for will generally be set from 30 to long periods. However, the wide- 100 times lower than that shown spread use of food additives has to have no effect on the health of led to some misconceptions- laboratory animals. including the conclusion that all Many food substances are additives are potentially harmful. considered safe by experts because they have been used extensively Natural vs. Synthetic for a long period of time with no Recent consumer concern known harmful effects. For these about "chemicals" in food has substances, the law dispenses with (over) Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226 the extensive testing requirements flavor and color, which contribute described above. Approximately to the appeal and enjoyment of 700 substances qualify for this soft drinks. special regulatory status known as 'Generally Recognized As Safe" For more technical informa- or GRAS ingredients. tion on additives or other Because testing methods con- ingredient-related questions, tinue to improve, all categories please write or call: of food additives remain subject to ongoing safety review. This Consumer Information Center review includes a search of world Coca-Cola USA medical and scientific literature on P.O. Drawer 1734 the safety of each compound. If Atlanta, Georgia 30301 new questions are posed about an additive or GRAS ingredient, 1-800-GET COKE manufacturers can be required to (438-2653) confirm the substance's safety by conducting additional studies. Additives Used in Products of The Coca-Cola Company a All ingredients used in Consumer Information Center products manufactured by The A Division o The Coca-Coia Coca-Cola Company are either "Generally Recognized As Safe" or have met the stringent re- quirements for approval as food additives. In addition to helping to maintain product quality, these ingredients are used to provide 1/84 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 1. Boyd, E.M. Toxicity of pure foods. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1977. 2. Clydesdale, F. M., Francis, F.J. Food nutrition & you. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 1977. 3. Counsell, J.N. Natural colours for food and other uses. London, England, Applied Science Publishers, 1981. 4. Furia, T.E. Current aspects of food colorants. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1977. 5. Furia, T.E. Handbook of food additives. 2d. ed. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1975. 6. Furia, T.E. Regulatory status of direct food additives. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1980. 7. International Food Additives Council. Food additives. Atlanta, 1981, 1-13. 8. .Pontanel, G. Food additives and the consumer. Brussels, Belgium, Commission of the European Communities, 1980. 9. .Roberts, H.R., ed. Food safety. New York, John Wiley and Sons, 1981. 0.Stare, F.J., McWilliams, M. Nutrition for good health. Fullerton, California, Plycon Press, 1974. 11. The British Nutrition Foundation. Why additives? The safety of foods. London, England, 1977 Feb. 12. Whelan, E.M., Stare, F.J. Panic in the pantry. New York, The Book Press, 1975. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226 MOUTASKED ASBIGNIT IN SOFT DRINKS A ll soft drink products of Caramel color is approved The Coca-Cola Company for general use as a food color are wholesome beverages pro- by the U.S. Food and Drug duced in compliance with state Administration. and federal food laws, and the laws of more than 155 countries For more technical informa- where we market our products. tion on caramel color or other ingredient-related questions, Caramel color is the substance please write or call: you probably know as "burnt sugar" and can make in your own Consumer Information Center kitchen. Since early times, home- Coca-Cola USA makers have produced what they P.O. Drawer 1734 called "caramel" by heating sugar Atlanta, Georgia 30301 in a pan over an open flame. This type of caramel is primarily used 1-800-GET COKE for flavoring purposes. (438-2653) Today, most caramel color is used in small amounts to color foods, and its contribution to flavor is minimal. It is actually one of to the oldest and most widely used food colors. Consumer Information Center Coca Colausg Caramel color is made com- ADivision The Coca Cota Company mercially by the controlled heating of sugar or corn syrup. The result- ing dark brown liquid or solid material is used in a variety of foods and beverages including soft drinks, bakery products, soups, gravies, syrups and puddings. Caramel color is used exten- sively as a brown color, and it is a versatile color since it can be custom blended to produce exact- ly the right shade for a specific food or beverage. As a result, the science of manufacturing caramel color and the art of its use in foods have evolved systematically over the years. Today, various types of caramel color are in use with specific properties that make them suitable for all types of foods and beverages. 1/84 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Furia, T.E., Handbook of food additives. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1975. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226 CARBONATED WATER IN SOFT DRINKS A ll soft drink products of ance, taste and aroma and to The Coca-Cola Company remove certain minerals and im- are wholesome beverages pro- purities. Carbon dioxide is then duced in compliance with state dissolved in the treated water in and federal food laws, and the a device known as a carbonator. laws of more than 155 countries In most modern bottling plants, where we market our products. treated water, beverage syrup and carbon dioxide are blended Throughout history, people together to make the soft drink. have been fascinated by carbon- Like most other food ingre- ated water. The ancient Greeks dients, carbon dioxide was and Romans bathed in natural reviewed by a group of prominent mineral springs. Later, Europeans scientists for the Food and Drug drank these naturally carbonated Administration and its safety was waters for their health. confirmed. Carbonated soft drinks The manufacture of car- provide a pleasant way to satisfy bonated water began in England the body's need for liquids. Car- in 1772 when Joseph Priestley bonation also enhances a person's discovered how to entrap carbon appreciation of flavor in beverages dioxide in water. By the 1830s, the and accompanying foods. In short, use and popularity of sparkling it adds to the thirst-quenching sen- water had spread to America. sation perceived when soft drinks Soon, with the addition of sweet- are enjoyed. eners, fr ait juices and flavors, these drinks began to be enjoyed For more technical informa- for refreshment rather than for tion on carbonated water or any medicinal value. other ingredient-related ques- From the time these efferves- tions, please write or call: cent soft drinks first began to be made, the same ingredient that Consumer Information Center makes them bubble-carbon Coca-Cola USA dioxide-has been used. Carbon P.O. Drawer 1734 dioxide occurs naturally in the at- Atlanta, Georgia 30301 mosphere as a colorless, odorless 1-800-GET COKE gas. It is what we breathe out and what plants take in. In soft drinks, (438-2653) carbon dioxide produces the dis- tinctive "sparkling" quality and that "bubbling" effect as the drink is poured from the container. To carbonate a soft drink, Consumer Information Center bottlers start out by treating ordi- Coca Cola uss A Division o nary water to improve its appear- 1/84 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Evaluation of the health aspects of carbon dioxide as a food ingredient. Springfield, Virginia: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Infor- mation Service, 1980 (NTIS: PB 80 104 615). Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0228 YOU ASKED ABOUT IN SOFT DRINKS A ll soft drink products of and grains providing the greatest The Coca-Cola Company amounts. are wholesome beverages pro- Contrary to what many peo- duced in compliance with state ple believe, soft drinks are not the and federal food laws, and the major contributors to the total laws of more than 155 countries daily intake of phosphorus. None where we market our products. of the phosphorus-containing soft drinks of The Coca-Cola Company Phosphoric acid is an ingre- provides more than 30 milligrams dient which contributes to the of phosphorus in a six-ounce serv- tangy taste of "cola type" soft ing. In terms of the daily diet, a drinks, just as the citric acid found soft drink accounts for a very in lemons and oranges enhances small amount of the total phos- the flavor of lemonade and orange phorus consumed. juice. Another question sometimes Phosphoric acid contains asked about phosphoric acid in the mineral phosphorus, which is soft drinks is whether it causes an essential nutrient in the diet teeth to erode or dissolve. This and which is present in every cell concern arises because many peo- of the body. In addition to con- ple have seen demonstrations in tributing to the growth and main- which a tooth erodes or dissolves tenance of bones and teeth, phos- after being immersed in a soft phorus allows the body to use drink for several days. Unfor- other nutrients more effectively, tunately, these experiments do not particularly in the conversion demonstrate what actually hap- of proteins, carbohydrates and pens in the mouth and only serve fats to energy. to alarm people unnecessarily. Nearly all foods contain When a tooth is placed in any phosphorus. According to recent acidic solution, such as a soft drink surveys, Americans consume an or a fruit juice, and is left there for average of 1200-1600 milligrams a number of days, erosion will of phosphorus per day, with milk take place. But this is not what products, meats, meat substitutes happens in the mouth. In the (over) Source: tps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj022 mouth, teeth are exposed to a soft For more technical informa- drink for only a very short period tion on phosphoric acid or other of time and are constantly bathed ingredient-related questions, in a protective wash of saliva, please write or call: which acts to decrease the effect of the acid. Consumer Information Center The Coca-Cola Company uses Coca-Cola USA phosphoric acid in some of its P.O. Drawer 1734 products to provide a pleasant Atlanta, Georgia 30301 tartness. The acid in these bever- 1-800-GET COKE ages does not contribute to dental erosion in the course of normal (438-2653) beverage consumption. Nor does it make a significant contribution the to the total daily intake of phos- phorus. In combination with a A nutritionally-adequate, balanced diet and regular exercise, soft Consumer Information Center drinks provide a refreshing and A Division of The Coca Cola Company positive contribution to everyday living. 1/84 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 1. Greger, J.L., Krystofiak, M. Phosphorus intake of Americans. Food Technology 1982; 36(1): 78-84. 2. Intake of additives from soft drinks. Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Pro- gramme, Codex Committee on Food Additives, 1979 Sept. 3. National Research Council and National Academy of Sciences. Food and Nutri- tion Board. Recommended dietary allowances. 9th ed. Washington, D.C., 1980. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226

how many milligrams americans consume phosphorus per day

mtyj0226

mtyj0226_p8, mtyj0226_p9, mtyj0226_p10, mtyj0226_p11, mtyj0226_p12, mtyj0226_p13

1200-1600 milligrams

241 IS) 17'71/2.1 IN SOFT DRINKS A ll soft drink products of led to the misconception that The Coca-Cola Company "natural" foods and ingredients are wholesome beverages pro- are inherently safer than those duced in compliance with state manufactured. But it is important and federal food laws, and the to recognize that all foods- laws of more than 155 countries whether picked from your garden where we market our products. or from the grocery shelf-are made of chemicals. An additive is any substance Many of the substances added that becomes part of a food when to processed food products are added directly or indirectly during chemically identical to those any aspect of production, process- which are found in "natural" ing, storage or packaging. Many foods. For example, ascorbic acid, additives are centuries old. The or Vitamin C, is exactly the same use of salt, sugar and spices to substance, whether found in an preserve foods and enhance their orange or made in a laboratory. flavor predates the settlement of While some additives may be this country. unique to processed foods, it is There are many reasons why important to remember that they additives are intentionally used in have been extensively tested. foods and beverages. Some are Many substances found in used to maintain or improve the "natural" foods have not been nutritional value of foods. Others subjected to such rigorous testing. are used to maintain freshness by Yet it is known that some retarding spoilage and preventing "natural" foodstuffs contain changes in color, flavor and tex- substances potentially harmful if ture. Additives also help in pro- consumed in excessive amounts. cessing or preparation by retaining moisture, keeping texture consis- The Safety of Additives tent, preventing lumping or caking, Since the turn of the century, or controlling the acidity or alka- specific laws have regulated food linity of a food product. Finally, and color additives. These require certain additives enhance a prod- clear evidence that substances are uct's taste, which makes it more safe at levels of intended use appealing. before they may be added to food As the food industry attempts products. In an approval process to feed an ever-expanding world that may take several years, manu- population, additives become facturers must demonstrate that more and more important. They the proposed new additive allow manufacturers to provide achieves its intended effect. The consumers with a safe, whole- substance must also be tested in some, appetizing and economic laboratory animals to demonstrate food supply. Additives insure that its safety. Even then, the amount foods can be distributed over con- of the additive approved for use siderable distances and stored for will generally be set from 30 to long periods. However, the wide- 100 times lower than that shown spread use of food additives has to have no effect on the health of led to some misconceptions- laboratory animals. including the conclusion that all Many food substances are additives are potentially harmful. considered safe by experts because they have been used extensively Natural vs. Synthetic for a long period of time with no Recent consumer concern known harmful effects. For these about "chemicals" in food has substances, the law dispenses with (over) Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226 the extensive testing requirements flavor and color, which contribute described above. Approximately to the appeal and enjoyment of 700 substances qualify for this soft drinks. special regulatory status known as 'Generally Recognized As Safe" For more technical informa- or GRAS ingredients. tion on additives or other Because testing methods con- ingredient-related questions, tinue to improve, all categories please write or call: of food additives remain subject to ongoing safety review. This Consumer Information Center review includes a search of world Coca-Cola USA medical and scientific literature on P.O. Drawer 1734 the safety of each compound. If Atlanta, Georgia 30301 new questions are posed about an additive or GRAS ingredient, 1-800-GET COKE manufacturers can be required to (438-2653) confirm the substance's safety by conducting additional studies. Additives Used in Products of The Coca-Cola Company a All ingredients used in Consumer Information Center products manufactured by The A Division o The Coca-Coia Coca-Cola Company are either "Generally Recognized As Safe" or have met the stringent re- quirements for approval as food additives. In addition to helping to maintain product quality, these ingredients are used to provide 1/84 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 1. Boyd, E.M. Toxicity of pure foods. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1977. 2. Clydesdale, F. M., Francis, F.J. Food nutrition & you. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 1977. 3. Counsell, J.N. Natural colours for food and other uses. London, England, Applied Science Publishers, 1981. 4. Furia, T.E. Current aspects of food colorants. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1977. 5. Furia, T.E. Handbook of food additives. 2d. ed. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1975. 6. Furia, T.E. Regulatory status of direct food additives. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1980. 7. International Food Additives Council. Food additives. Atlanta, 1981, 1-13. 8. .Pontanel, G. Food additives and the consumer. Brussels, Belgium, Commission of the European Communities, 1980. 9. .Roberts, H.R., ed. Food safety. New York, John Wiley and Sons, 1981. 0.Stare, F.J., McWilliams, M. Nutrition for good health. Fullerton, California, Plycon Press, 1974. 11. The British Nutrition Foundation. Why additives? The safety of foods. London, England, 1977 Feb. 12. Whelan, E.M., Stare, F.J. Panic in the pantry. New York, The Book Press, 1975. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226 MOUTASKED ASBIGNIT IN SOFT DRINKS A ll soft drink products of Caramel color is approved The Coca-Cola Company for general use as a food color are wholesome beverages pro- by the U.S. Food and Drug duced in compliance with state Administration. and federal food laws, and the laws of more than 155 countries For more technical informa- where we market our products. tion on caramel color or other ingredient-related questions, Caramel color is the substance please write or call: you probably know as "burnt sugar" and can make in your own Consumer Information Center kitchen. Since early times, home- Coca-Cola USA makers have produced what they P.O. Drawer 1734 called "caramel" by heating sugar Atlanta, Georgia 30301 in a pan over an open flame. This type of caramel is primarily used 1-800-GET COKE for flavoring purposes. (438-2653) Today, most caramel color is used in small amounts to color foods, and its contribution to flavor is minimal. It is actually one of to the oldest and most widely used food colors. Consumer Information Center Coca Colausg Caramel color is made com- ADivision The Coca Cota Company mercially by the controlled heating of sugar or corn syrup. The result- ing dark brown liquid or solid material is used in a variety of foods and beverages including soft drinks, bakery products, soups, gravies, syrups and puddings. Caramel color is used exten- sively as a brown color, and it is a versatile color since it can be custom blended to produce exact- ly the right shade for a specific food or beverage. As a result, the science of manufacturing caramel color and the art of its use in foods have evolved systematically over the years. Today, various types of caramel color are in use with specific properties that make them suitable for all types of foods and beverages. 1/84 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Furia, T.E., Handbook of food additives. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1975. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226 CARBONATED WATER IN SOFT DRINKS A ll soft drink products of ance, taste and aroma and to The Coca-Cola Company remove certain minerals and im- are wholesome beverages pro- purities. Carbon dioxide is then duced in compliance with state dissolved in the treated water in and federal food laws, and the a device known as a carbonator. laws of more than 155 countries In most modern bottling plants, where we market our products. treated water, beverage syrup and carbon dioxide are blended Throughout history, people together to make the soft drink. have been fascinated by carbon- Like most other food ingre- ated water. The ancient Greeks dients, carbon dioxide was and Romans bathed in natural reviewed by a group of prominent mineral springs. Later, Europeans scientists for the Food and Drug drank these naturally carbonated Administration and its safety was waters for their health. confirmed. Carbonated soft drinks The manufacture of car- provide a pleasant way to satisfy bonated water began in England the body's need for liquids. Car- in 1772 when Joseph Priestley bonation also enhances a person's discovered how to entrap carbon appreciation of flavor in beverages dioxide in water. By the 1830s, the and accompanying foods. In short, use and popularity of sparkling it adds to the thirst-quenching sen- water had spread to America. sation perceived when soft drinks Soon, with the addition of sweet- are enjoyed. eners, fr ait juices and flavors, these drinks began to be enjoyed For more technical informa- for refreshment rather than for tion on carbonated water or any medicinal value. other ingredient-related ques- From the time these efferves- tions, please write or call: cent soft drinks first began to be made, the same ingredient that Consumer Information Center makes them bubble-carbon Coca-Cola USA dioxide-has been used. Carbon P.O. Drawer 1734 dioxide occurs naturally in the at- Atlanta, Georgia 30301 mosphere as a colorless, odorless 1-800-GET COKE gas. It is what we breathe out and what plants take in. In soft drinks, (438-2653) carbon dioxide produces the dis- tinctive "sparkling" quality and that "bubbling" effect as the drink is poured from the container. To carbonate a soft drink, Consumer Information Center bottlers start out by treating ordi- Coca Cola uss A Division o nary water to improve its appear- 1/84 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Evaluation of the health aspects of carbon dioxide as a food ingredient. Springfield, Virginia: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Infor- mation Service, 1980 (NTIS: PB 80 104 615). Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0228 YOU ASKED ABOUT IN SOFT DRINKS A ll soft drink products of and grains providing the greatest The Coca-Cola Company amounts. are wholesome beverages pro- Contrary to what many peo- duced in compliance with state ple believe, soft drinks are not the and federal food laws, and the major contributors to the total laws of more than 155 countries daily intake of phosphorus. None where we market our products. of the phosphorus-containing soft drinks of The Coca-Cola Company Phosphoric acid is an ingre- provides more than 30 milligrams dient which contributes to the of phosphorus in a six-ounce serv- tangy taste of "cola type" soft ing. In terms of the daily diet, a drinks, just as the citric acid found soft drink accounts for a very in lemons and oranges enhances small amount of the total phos- the flavor of lemonade and orange phorus consumed. juice. Another question sometimes Phosphoric acid contains asked about phosphoric acid in the mineral phosphorus, which is soft drinks is whether it causes an essential nutrient in the diet teeth to erode or dissolve. This and which is present in every cell concern arises because many peo- of the body. In addition to con- ple have seen demonstrations in tributing to the growth and main- which a tooth erodes or dissolves tenance of bones and teeth, phos- after being immersed in a soft phorus allows the body to use drink for several days. Unfor- other nutrients more effectively, tunately, these experiments do not particularly in the conversion demonstrate what actually hap- of proteins, carbohydrates and pens in the mouth and only serve fats to energy. to alarm people unnecessarily. Nearly all foods contain When a tooth is placed in any phosphorus. According to recent acidic solution, such as a soft drink surveys, Americans consume an or a fruit juice, and is left there for average of 1200-1600 milligrams a number of days, erosion will of phosphorus per day, with milk take place. But this is not what products, meats, meat substitutes happens in the mouth. In the (over) Source: tps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj022 mouth, teeth are exposed to a soft For more technical informa- drink for only a very short period tion on phosphoric acid or other of time and are constantly bathed ingredient-related questions, in a protective wash of saliva, please write or call: which acts to decrease the effect of the acid. Consumer Information Center The Coca-Cola Company uses Coca-Cola USA phosphoric acid in some of its P.O. Drawer 1734 products to provide a pleasant Atlanta, Georgia 30301 tartness. The acid in these bever- 1-800-GET COKE ages does not contribute to dental erosion in the course of normal (438-2653) beverage consumption. Nor does it make a significant contribution the to the total daily intake of phos- phorus. In combination with a A nutritionally-adequate, balanced diet and regular exercise, soft Consumer Information Center drinks provide a refreshing and A Division of The Coca Cola Company positive contribution to everyday living. 1/84 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 1. Greger, J.L., Krystofiak, M. Phosphorus intake of Americans. Food Technology 1982; 36(1): 78-84. 2. Intake of additives from soft drinks. Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Pro- gramme, Codex Committee on Food Additives, 1979 Sept. 3. National Research Council and National Academy of Sciences. Food and Nutri- tion Board. Recommended dietary allowances. 9th ed. Washington, D.C., 1980. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226

What happens when a tooth is placed in an acid solution & is left there for a number of days?

mtyj0226

mtyj0226_p8, mtyj0226_p9, mtyj0226_p10, mtyj0226_p11, mtyj0226_p12, mtyj0226_p13

erosion will take place.

241 IS) 17'71/2.1 IN SOFT DRINKS A ll soft drink products of led to the misconception that The Coca-Cola Company "natural" foods and ingredients are wholesome beverages pro- are inherently safer than those duced in compliance with state manufactured. But it is important and federal food laws, and the to recognize that all foods- laws of more than 155 countries whether picked from your garden where we market our products. or from the grocery shelf-are made of chemicals. An additive is any substance Many of the substances added that becomes part of a food when to processed food products are added directly or indirectly during chemically identical to those any aspect of production, process- which are found in "natural" ing, storage or packaging. Many foods. For example, ascorbic acid, additives are centuries old. The or Vitamin C, is exactly the same use of salt, sugar and spices to substance, whether found in an preserve foods and enhance their orange or made in a laboratory. flavor predates the settlement of While some additives may be this country. unique to processed foods, it is There are many reasons why important to remember that they additives are intentionally used in have been extensively tested. foods and beverages. Some are Many substances found in used to maintain or improve the "natural" foods have not been nutritional value of foods. Others subjected to such rigorous testing. are used to maintain freshness by Yet it is known that some retarding spoilage and preventing "natural" foodstuffs contain changes in color, flavor and tex- substances potentially harmful if ture. Additives also help in pro- consumed in excessive amounts. cessing or preparation by retaining moisture, keeping texture consis- The Safety of Additives tent, preventing lumping or caking, Since the turn of the century, or controlling the acidity or alka- specific laws have regulated food linity of a food product. Finally, and color additives. These require certain additives enhance a prod- clear evidence that substances are uct's taste, which makes it more safe at levels of intended use appealing. before they may be added to food As the food industry attempts products. In an approval process to feed an ever-expanding world that may take several years, manu- population, additives become facturers must demonstrate that more and more important. They the proposed new additive allow manufacturers to provide achieves its intended effect. The consumers with a safe, whole- substance must also be tested in some, appetizing and economic laboratory animals to demonstrate food supply. Additives insure that its safety. Even then, the amount foods can be distributed over con- of the additive approved for use siderable distances and stored for will generally be set from 30 to long periods. However, the wide- 100 times lower than that shown spread use of food additives has to have no effect on the health of led to some misconceptions- laboratory animals. including the conclusion that all Many food substances are additives are potentially harmful. considered safe by experts because they have been used extensively Natural vs. Synthetic for a long period of time with no Recent consumer concern known harmful effects. For these about "chemicals" in food has substances, the law dispenses with (over) Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226 the extensive testing requirements flavor and color, which contribute described above. Approximately to the appeal and enjoyment of 700 substances qualify for this soft drinks. special regulatory status known as 'Generally Recognized As Safe" For more technical informa- or GRAS ingredients. tion on additives or other Because testing methods con- ingredient-related questions, tinue to improve, all categories please write or call: of food additives remain subject to ongoing safety review. This Consumer Information Center review includes a search of world Coca-Cola USA medical and scientific literature on P.O. Drawer 1734 the safety of each compound. If Atlanta, Georgia 30301 new questions are posed about an additive or GRAS ingredient, 1-800-GET COKE manufacturers can be required to (438-2653) confirm the substance's safety by conducting additional studies. Additives Used in Products of The Coca-Cola Company a All ingredients used in Consumer Information Center products manufactured by The A Division o The Coca-Coia Coca-Cola Company are either "Generally Recognized As Safe" or have met the stringent re- quirements for approval as food additives. In addition to helping to maintain product quality, these ingredients are used to provide 1/84 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 1. Boyd, E.M. Toxicity of pure foods. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1977. 2. Clydesdale, F. M., Francis, F.J. Food nutrition & you. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 1977. 3. Counsell, J.N. Natural colours for food and other uses. London, England, Applied Science Publishers, 1981. 4. Furia, T.E. Current aspects of food colorants. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1977. 5. Furia, T.E. Handbook of food additives. 2d. ed. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1975. 6. Furia, T.E. Regulatory status of direct food additives. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1980. 7. International Food Additives Council. Food additives. Atlanta, 1981, 1-13. 8. .Pontanel, G. Food additives and the consumer. Brussels, Belgium, Commission of the European Communities, 1980. 9. .Roberts, H.R., ed. Food safety. New York, John Wiley and Sons, 1981. 0.Stare, F.J., McWilliams, M. Nutrition for good health. Fullerton, California, Plycon Press, 1974. 11. The British Nutrition Foundation. Why additives? The safety of foods. London, England, 1977 Feb. 12. Whelan, E.M., Stare, F.J. Panic in the pantry. New York, The Book Press, 1975. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226 MOUTASKED ASBIGNIT IN SOFT DRINKS A ll soft drink products of Caramel color is approved The Coca-Cola Company for general use as a food color are wholesome beverages pro- by the U.S. Food and Drug duced in compliance with state Administration. and federal food laws, and the laws of more than 155 countries For more technical informa- where we market our products. tion on caramel color or other ingredient-related questions, Caramel color is the substance please write or call: you probably know as "burnt sugar" and can make in your own Consumer Information Center kitchen. Since early times, home- Coca-Cola USA makers have produced what they P.O. Drawer 1734 called "caramel" by heating sugar Atlanta, Georgia 30301 in a pan over an open flame. This type of caramel is primarily used 1-800-GET COKE for flavoring purposes. (438-2653) Today, most caramel color is used in small amounts to color foods, and its contribution to flavor is minimal. It is actually one of to the oldest and most widely used food colors. Consumer Information Center Coca Colausg Caramel color is made com- ADivision The Coca Cota Company mercially by the controlled heating of sugar or corn syrup. The result- ing dark brown liquid or solid material is used in a variety of foods and beverages including soft drinks, bakery products, soups, gravies, syrups and puddings. Caramel color is used exten- sively as a brown color, and it is a versatile color since it can be custom blended to produce exact- ly the right shade for a specific food or beverage. As a result, the science of manufacturing caramel color and the art of its use in foods have evolved systematically over the years. Today, various types of caramel color are in use with specific properties that make them suitable for all types of foods and beverages. 1/84 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Furia, T.E., Handbook of food additives. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1975. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226 CARBONATED WATER IN SOFT DRINKS A ll soft drink products of ance, taste and aroma and to The Coca-Cola Company remove certain minerals and im- are wholesome beverages pro- purities. Carbon dioxide is then duced in compliance with state dissolved in the treated water in and federal food laws, and the a device known as a carbonator. laws of more than 155 countries In most modern bottling plants, where we market our products. treated water, beverage syrup and carbon dioxide are blended Throughout history, people together to make the soft drink. have been fascinated by carbon- Like most other food ingre- ated water. The ancient Greeks dients, carbon dioxide was and Romans bathed in natural reviewed by a group of prominent mineral springs. Later, Europeans scientists for the Food and Drug drank these naturally carbonated Administration and its safety was waters for their health. confirmed. Carbonated soft drinks The manufacture of car- provide a pleasant way to satisfy bonated water began in England the body's need for liquids. Car- in 1772 when Joseph Priestley bonation also enhances a person's discovered how to entrap carbon appreciation of flavor in beverages dioxide in water. By the 1830s, the and accompanying foods. In short, use and popularity of sparkling it adds to the thirst-quenching sen- water had spread to America. sation perceived when soft drinks Soon, with the addition of sweet- are enjoyed. eners, fr ait juices and flavors, these drinks began to be enjoyed For more technical informa- for refreshment rather than for tion on carbonated water or any medicinal value. other ingredient-related ques- From the time these efferves- tions, please write or call: cent soft drinks first began to be made, the same ingredient that Consumer Information Center makes them bubble-carbon Coca-Cola USA dioxide-has been used. Carbon P.O. Drawer 1734 dioxide occurs naturally in the at- Atlanta, Georgia 30301 mosphere as a colorless, odorless 1-800-GET COKE gas. It is what we breathe out and what plants take in. In soft drinks, (438-2653) carbon dioxide produces the dis- tinctive "sparkling" quality and that "bubbling" effect as the drink is poured from the container. To carbonate a soft drink, Consumer Information Center bottlers start out by treating ordi- Coca Cola uss A Division o nary water to improve its appear- 1/84 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Evaluation of the health aspects of carbon dioxide as a food ingredient. Springfield, Virginia: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Infor- mation Service, 1980 (NTIS: PB 80 104 615). Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0228 YOU ASKED ABOUT IN SOFT DRINKS A ll soft drink products of and grains providing the greatest The Coca-Cola Company amounts. are wholesome beverages pro- Contrary to what many peo- duced in compliance with state ple believe, soft drinks are not the and federal food laws, and the major contributors to the total laws of more than 155 countries daily intake of phosphorus. None where we market our products. of the phosphorus-containing soft drinks of The Coca-Cola Company Phosphoric acid is an ingre- provides more than 30 milligrams dient which contributes to the of phosphorus in a six-ounce serv- tangy taste of "cola type" soft ing. In terms of the daily diet, a drinks, just as the citric acid found soft drink accounts for a very in lemons and oranges enhances small amount of the total phos- the flavor of lemonade and orange phorus consumed. juice. Another question sometimes Phosphoric acid contains asked about phosphoric acid in the mineral phosphorus, which is soft drinks is whether it causes an essential nutrient in the diet teeth to erode or dissolve. This and which is present in every cell concern arises because many peo- of the body. In addition to con- ple have seen demonstrations in tributing to the growth and main- which a tooth erodes or dissolves tenance of bones and teeth, phos- after being immersed in a soft phorus allows the body to use drink for several days. Unfor- other nutrients more effectively, tunately, these experiments do not particularly in the conversion demonstrate what actually hap- of proteins, carbohydrates and pens in the mouth and only serve fats to energy. to alarm people unnecessarily. Nearly all foods contain When a tooth is placed in any phosphorus. According to recent acidic solution, such as a soft drink surveys, Americans consume an or a fruit juice, and is left there for average of 1200-1600 milligrams a number of days, erosion will of phosphorus per day, with milk take place. But this is not what products, meats, meat substitutes happens in the mouth. In the (over) Source: tps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj022 mouth, teeth are exposed to a soft For more technical informa- drink for only a very short period tion on phosphoric acid or other of time and are constantly bathed ingredient-related questions, in a protective wash of saliva, please write or call: which acts to decrease the effect of the acid. Consumer Information Center The Coca-Cola Company uses Coca-Cola USA phosphoric acid in some of its P.O. Drawer 1734 products to provide a pleasant Atlanta, Georgia 30301 tartness. The acid in these bever- 1-800-GET COKE ages does not contribute to dental erosion in the course of normal (438-2653) beverage consumption. Nor does it make a significant contribution the to the total daily intake of phos- phorus. In combination with a A nutritionally-adequate, balanced diet and regular exercise, soft Consumer Information Center drinks provide a refreshing and A Division of The Coca Cola Company positive contribution to everyday living. 1/84 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 1. Greger, J.L., Krystofiak, M. Phosphorus intake of Americans. Food Technology 1982; 36(1): 78-84. 2. Intake of additives from soft drinks. Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Pro- gramme, Codex Committee on Food Additives, 1979 Sept. 3. National Research Council and National Academy of Sciences. Food and Nutri- tion Board. Recommended dietary allowances. 9th ed. Washington, D.C., 1980. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226

On which date this statement was passed?

fhpj0226

fhpj0226_p0, fhpj0226_p1, fhpj0226_p2, fhpj0226_p3, fhpj0226_p4

June 9, 1978

STATEMENT OF ROBERT 0. NESHEIM, PH.D. VICE PRESIDENT, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY THE QUAKER OATS COMPANY for the GROCERY MANUFACTURERS OF AMERICA, INC. before the SUBCOMMITTEE ON HEALTH AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH COMMITTEE ON HUMAN RESOURCES UNITED STATES SENATE WASHINGTON, D.C. on TITLE III OF S. 3115 JUNE 9, 1978 was i Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/fhpj0226 Good morning. I am Robert 0. Nesheim, Vice President of Science and Technology, The Quaker Oats Company. I appear today on behalf of the Grocery Manufacturers of America, Inc. (GMA). GMA is the national trade association representing the leading manufacturers of food and grocery products, and we appreciate this oppor- tunity to appear before the Subcommittee on Health and Scientific Research of the Senate Committee on Human Resources. Title III of S. 3115 contains a host of important provisions, some of which are precedent-setting in terms of their impact on the flow of information from the food label to the consumer. GMA's views on these provisions are set forth below. Ingredient Labeling of Standardized Foods GMA supports revision of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act to eliminate the arbitrary ingredient labeling distinctions between standardized and non- standardized foods. Nearly six years ago, GMA recommended to its membership the voluntary declaration of ingredients in standardized foods in a manner con- sistent with the Food and Drug Administration regulations for non-standardized food products. Today, in fact, many standardized foods do bear a complete list of ingredients, even though not required under the Act. Color Labeling We believe that the label declaration of all colors by name is not essential consumer information. However, where there are significant health problems which would justify disclosure of a specific color, we would recommend that FDA require such labeling on an exception basis. FDA's proposal to require the labeling of FD&C Yellow No. 5 (tartrazine) is just such an instance, a proposal which GMA endorsed as an appropriate response to a demonstrated health problem. In addition, GMA recently petitioned the FDA to establish a simplified, uniform format to be used by those companies choosing to voluntarily declare colors on food labels. Labeling of "Artificial" and "Natural" Flavors and Spices Title III of S. 3115 would establish a labeling distinction between "artificial" and "natural" flavors and spices, a provision which GMA had not considered prior to this hearing. As you know, FDA has promulgated rather elaborate labeling disclosures for flavors, and it is uncertain whether this bill adds anything new. However, the bill does create an arbitrary distinction between "natural" and "artificial". It seems improbable that flavors derived from nature are any better as flavors than the identical substances created by man. In fact, nearly all "artificial" flavors are chemically identical to those derived from natural sources. GMA supports the provision to continue the exemption for labeling individual spices and flavors. Moreover, we agree that spices and flavors should be labeled by name where it is demonstrated that there are significant health problems related to a specific spice or flavor making disclosure important. Percentage Ingredient Labeling Title III of S. 3115 would authorize FDA to promulgate regulations requiring the declaration of the percentage of any specified ingredient if the Secretary Source: tps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/fhpj22 - 2 - determines by regulation that such ingredient has a significant bearing on the quality, nutrition, acceptability, or cost of a food. If enacted, this pro- vision would add still another set of numbers to an already complicated food label. The usefulness and consumer application of percentage ingredient label- ing is quite limited. In contrast, nutrition labeling provides consumers with a tool for comparing foods on the basis of their nutritional value and across food groups -- an essential for meal planning. Mandated percentage ingredient labeling would add a significant incremental cost to the overall food cost while not improving consumer understanding and use of nutrition concepts. Hence, we would oppose this inflationary provision. Use of Symbol Notation for Artificial Flavors or Colors The bill's provisions for the use of a symbol to indicate the presence of an artificial flavor or color is potentially misleading to the consumer. As we pointed out, most "artificial" flavors are identical to those found in nature. In addition, there are only a handful of artificial colors, and, as indicated above, where there are significant health problems connected with a particular color, that color should be listed by name. Otherwise, we do not believe any further symbolic notation on the label is necessary or warranted. Furthermore, symbolic labeling represents oversimplification which may further contribute to consumer confusion. There is an erroneous assumption throughout the bill that "natural" is to be preferred over "artificial". Such a perspective is built on uninformed, unfounded fears which are contrary to the organized knowledge accumulated in medicine, nutrition, and food science. We would urge the Subcommittee to solicit further views on this subject from such professional groups as the American Medical Association, the American Institute of Nutrition, the Food Protection Committee of the National Academy of Sciences' Food and Nutrition Board, and the Institute of Food Technologists. In all cases, we feel certain that the need for or usefulness of any such symbol could not be demonstrated or supported. Labeling of Colors in Dairy Products GMA has no position on the proposal to liminate the Congressional exemption for labeling colors in butter, cheese, and ice cream. We feel the views of the dairy industry should be solicited on- the impact of this proposal. Mandatory Nutrition Labeling Nutrition labeling is an area of particular interest to me personally and to GMA's membership. We would oppose mandatory nutrition labeling for "food for human consumption and in package form", since not all packaged food warrants such labeling. GMA has consistently supported voluntary nutrition labeling and was the first industry group to encourage manufacturers to adopt voluntary nutrition labeling. GMA has continued to support nutrition labeling and is even today cooperating with the FDA on consumer research to determine whether nutrition labeling should be revised. Nevertheless, despite this history of support, we are unable to support the nutrition labeling provisions of this bill. Our reason for taking this position is that nutrition labeling has never been adequately promoted to the American public. Industry spent in excess of 100 million dollars Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/fhpj0226 - 3 - bringing nutrition labeling into the supermarkets of America; yet the federal government by comparison committed virtually nothing to promoting this new consumer service. There was practically no effort to inform consumers of the availability of nutrition labeling and its uses and value in comparing products and in planning meals. As a result, nutrition labeling remains under-used. This Subcommittee can change nutrition labeling; it can add more and more infor- mation, including graphic representations, and make still other changes; but these changes alone will not make nutrition labeling useful to consumers. That can come about only through a well-orchestrated consumer-oriented nutrition education program. Most scientists who have evaluated the current nutrition labeling format believe it is too complicated to be understood and used by consumers. While this legis- lation would try to rectify that situation, we believe there is a better approach. The FDA is currently engaged in an extensive program -- involving both consumer research and public hearings -- to determine what information should appear on food labels and how this information should appear. We would urge that altera- tion of nutrition Tabeling not be considered until both the research and the hearings are completed. Only then will we have firm documentation as to the appropriate approach for any revision of nutrition labeling. At this point, no one knows how or even if nutrition labeling should be revised, although there are many who will offer opinions without proper scientific documentation. We urge the Subcommittee to await that documentation and not to impose untimely burdens that are likely to contribute significantly to increased costs. More importantly, a precipitous change in nutrition labeling, in the absence of solid data for guidance, would certainly lead to consumer confusion in the marketplace and may even result in decreased consumer use of nutrition labeling through information overload. This is a real concern. We may have already gone beyond the point of requiring too much information on the food label so that the important messages are lost in a sea of words and numbers. Federal Preemption GMA wholeheartedly supports the federal preemption provisions in Section 3. There are few steps the Subcommittee could take that could do more to hold down food costs than implementing federal preemption for food labeling require- ments. Almost weekly we are faced with state initiatives in food labeling which would seriously interfere with interstate shipment of food and add significant costs by requiring different labels for different states. Federal preemption for food labeling is in the best interests of everyone. Alcohol Labeling GMA has no position on the provision which would subject alcoholic beverages to the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. Effective Date While some of the bill's labeling requirements would be subject to a one-year effective date, most of the labeling provisions would come under a compliance date still to be set by FDA. We would urge that all labeling changes be sub- ject to the same effective date -- that date to be determined by the subsequent Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/fhpj0226 - 4 - FDA regulations needed to carry out the bill's mandate. It is important that FDA be given the flexibility to establish an effective date which is both uniform and realistic, so as to avoid a series of costly label revisions and to provide for an orderly transition in the marketplace. Such an approach would be consistent with current FDA practice. Food Advertising Professionals in consumer behavior and communications have consistently demon- strated that food advertising is uniquely different from food labeling. The two play very different functions in terms of communicating with consumers. Advertising, particularly on radio and television, is quite limited in what it is able to communicate; it can simply alert consumers to the availability of a product and, at most, suggest perhaps one attribute of that product. The Federal Trade Commission is currently exploring the complexities of food advertising, and once the FTC has completed Phases I and II of its proposed Trade Regulation Rule on Food Advertising, all parties will be in a better position to judge the merits of Section 6 of this bill. In any case, we do not believe the FTC has, or should have, the authority to require by affirma- tive disclosure a mandated nutrition profile in food advertising. We would urge the Subcommittee to strike this section from the bill. Mr. Chairman and Members of the Subcommittee, GMA supports many of the pro- visions in Title III of S. 3115 and urges their enactment. Where we oppose, that opposition is based on our concern that we know too little to proceed vigorously at this time or that we know too well the consumer confusion that would result. Certainly, our mutual goal is to ensure an adequately informed public which can make responsible decisions in the marketplace. We appreciate the opportunity to appear before you today, and we would be pleased to respond to your questions and to provide any further documentation you may request. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/fhpj0226

who is the vice president of the quaker oats company?

fhpj0226

fhpj0226_p0, fhpj0226_p1, fhpj0226_p2, fhpj0226_p3, fhpj0226_p4

robert o. nesheim, Ph.d., ROBERT O. NESHEIM, robert o. nesheim

STATEMENT OF ROBERT 0. NESHEIM, PH.D. VICE PRESIDENT, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY THE QUAKER OATS COMPANY for the GROCERY MANUFACTURERS OF AMERICA, INC. before the SUBCOMMITTEE ON HEALTH AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH COMMITTEE ON HUMAN RESOURCES UNITED STATES SENATE WASHINGTON, D.C. on TITLE III OF S. 3115 JUNE 9, 1978 was i Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/fhpj0226 Good morning. I am Robert 0. Nesheim, Vice President of Science and Technology, The Quaker Oats Company. I appear today on behalf of the Grocery Manufacturers of America, Inc. (GMA). GMA is the national trade association representing the leading manufacturers of food and grocery products, and we appreciate this oppor- tunity to appear before the Subcommittee on Health and Scientific Research of the Senate Committee on Human Resources. Title III of S. 3115 contains a host of important provisions, some of which are precedent-setting in terms of their impact on the flow of information from the food label to the consumer. GMA's views on these provisions are set forth below. Ingredient Labeling of Standardized Foods GMA supports revision of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act to eliminate the arbitrary ingredient labeling distinctions between standardized and non- standardized foods. Nearly six years ago, GMA recommended to its membership the voluntary declaration of ingredients in standardized foods in a manner con- sistent with the Food and Drug Administration regulations for non-standardized food products. Today, in fact, many standardized foods do bear a complete list of ingredients, even though not required under the Act. Color Labeling We believe that the label declaration of all colors by name is not essential consumer information. However, where there are significant health problems which would justify disclosure of a specific color, we would recommend that FDA require such labeling on an exception basis. FDA's proposal to require the labeling of FD&C Yellow No. 5 (tartrazine) is just such an instance, a proposal which GMA endorsed as an appropriate response to a demonstrated health problem. In addition, GMA recently petitioned the FDA to establish a simplified, uniform format to be used by those companies choosing to voluntarily declare colors on food labels. Labeling of "Artificial" and "Natural" Flavors and Spices Title III of S. 3115 would establish a labeling distinction between "artificial" and "natural" flavors and spices, a provision which GMA had not considered prior to this hearing. As you know, FDA has promulgated rather elaborate labeling disclosures for flavors, and it is uncertain whether this bill adds anything new. However, the bill does create an arbitrary distinction between "natural" and "artificial". It seems improbable that flavors derived from nature are any better as flavors than the identical substances created by man. In fact, nearly all "artificial" flavors are chemically identical to those derived from natural sources. GMA supports the provision to continue the exemption for labeling individual spices and flavors. Moreover, we agree that spices and flavors should be labeled by name where it is demonstrated that there are significant health problems related to a specific spice or flavor making disclosure important. Percentage Ingredient Labeling Title III of S. 3115 would authorize FDA to promulgate regulations requiring the declaration of the percentage of any specified ingredient if the Secretary Source: tps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/fhpj22 - 2 - determines by regulation that such ingredient has a significant bearing on the quality, nutrition, acceptability, or cost of a food. If enacted, this pro- vision would add still another set of numbers to an already complicated food label. The usefulness and consumer application of percentage ingredient label- ing is quite limited. In contrast, nutrition labeling provides consumers with a tool for comparing foods on the basis of their nutritional value and across food groups -- an essential for meal planning. Mandated percentage ingredient labeling would add a significant incremental cost to the overall food cost while not improving consumer understanding and use of nutrition concepts. Hence, we would oppose this inflationary provision. Use of Symbol Notation for Artificial Flavors or Colors The bill's provisions for the use of a symbol to indicate the presence of an artificial flavor or color is potentially misleading to the consumer. As we pointed out, most "artificial" flavors are identical to those found in nature. In addition, there are only a handful of artificial colors, and, as indicated above, where there are significant health problems connected with a particular color, that color should be listed by name. Otherwise, we do not believe any further symbolic notation on the label is necessary or warranted. Furthermore, symbolic labeling represents oversimplification which may further contribute to consumer confusion. There is an erroneous assumption throughout the bill that "natural" is to be preferred over "artificial". Such a perspective is built on uninformed, unfounded fears which are contrary to the organized knowledge accumulated in medicine, nutrition, and food science. We would urge the Subcommittee to solicit further views on this subject from such professional groups as the American Medical Association, the American Institute of Nutrition, the Food Protection Committee of the National Academy of Sciences' Food and Nutrition Board, and the Institute of Food Technologists. In all cases, we feel certain that the need for or usefulness of any such symbol could not be demonstrated or supported. Labeling of Colors in Dairy Products GMA has no position on the proposal to liminate the Congressional exemption for labeling colors in butter, cheese, and ice cream. We feel the views of the dairy industry should be solicited on- the impact of this proposal. Mandatory Nutrition Labeling Nutrition labeling is an area of particular interest to me personally and to GMA's membership. We would oppose mandatory nutrition labeling for "food for human consumption and in package form", since not all packaged food warrants such labeling. GMA has consistently supported voluntary nutrition labeling and was the first industry group to encourage manufacturers to adopt voluntary nutrition labeling. GMA has continued to support nutrition labeling and is even today cooperating with the FDA on consumer research to determine whether nutrition labeling should be revised. Nevertheless, despite this history of support, we are unable to support the nutrition labeling provisions of this bill. Our reason for taking this position is that nutrition labeling has never been adequately promoted to the American public. Industry spent in excess of 100 million dollars Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/fhpj0226 - 3 - bringing nutrition labeling into the supermarkets of America; yet the federal government by comparison committed virtually nothing to promoting this new consumer service. There was practically no effort to inform consumers of the availability of nutrition labeling and its uses and value in comparing products and in planning meals. As a result, nutrition labeling remains under-used. This Subcommittee can change nutrition labeling; it can add more and more infor- mation, including graphic representations, and make still other changes; but these changes alone will not make nutrition labeling useful to consumers. That can come about only through a well-orchestrated consumer-oriented nutrition education program. Most scientists who have evaluated the current nutrition labeling format believe it is too complicated to be understood and used by consumers. While this legis- lation would try to rectify that situation, we believe there is a better approach. The FDA is currently engaged in an extensive program -- involving both consumer research and public hearings -- to determine what information should appear on food labels and how this information should appear. We would urge that altera- tion of nutrition Tabeling not be considered until both the research and the hearings are completed. Only then will we have firm documentation as to the appropriate approach for any revision of nutrition labeling. At this point, no one knows how or even if nutrition labeling should be revised, although there are many who will offer opinions without proper scientific documentation. We urge the Subcommittee to await that documentation and not to impose untimely burdens that are likely to contribute significantly to increased costs. More importantly, a precipitous change in nutrition labeling, in the absence of solid data for guidance, would certainly lead to consumer confusion in the marketplace and may even result in decreased consumer use of nutrition labeling through information overload. This is a real concern. We may have already gone beyond the point of requiring too much information on the food label so that the important messages are lost in a sea of words and numbers. Federal Preemption GMA wholeheartedly supports the federal preemption provisions in Section 3. There are few steps the Subcommittee could take that could do more to hold down food costs than implementing federal preemption for food labeling require- ments. Almost weekly we are faced with state initiatives in food labeling which would seriously interfere with interstate shipment of food and add significant costs by requiring different labels for different states. Federal preemption for food labeling is in the best interests of everyone. Alcohol Labeling GMA has no position on the provision which would subject alcoholic beverages to the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. Effective Date While some of the bill's labeling requirements would be subject to a one-year effective date, most of the labeling provisions would come under a compliance date still to be set by FDA. We would urge that all labeling changes be sub- ject to the same effective date -- that date to be determined by the subsequent Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/fhpj0226 - 4 - FDA regulations needed to carry out the bill's mandate. It is important that FDA be given the flexibility to establish an effective date which is both uniform and realistic, so as to avoid a series of costly label revisions and to provide for an orderly transition in the marketplace. Such an approach would be consistent with current FDA practice. Food Advertising Professionals in consumer behavior and communications have consistently demon- strated that food advertising is uniquely different from food labeling. The two play very different functions in terms of communicating with consumers. Advertising, particularly on radio and television, is quite limited in what it is able to communicate; it can simply alert consumers to the availability of a product and, at most, suggest perhaps one attribute of that product. The Federal Trade Commission is currently exploring the complexities of food advertising, and once the FTC has completed Phases I and II of its proposed Trade Regulation Rule on Food Advertising, all parties will be in a better position to judge the merits of Section 6 of this bill. In any case, we do not believe the FTC has, or should have, the authority to require by affirma- tive disclosure a mandated nutrition profile in food advertising. We would urge the Subcommittee to strike this section from the bill. Mr. Chairman and Members of the Subcommittee, GMA supports many of the pro- visions in Title III of S. 3115 and urges their enactment. Where we oppose, that opposition is based on our concern that we know too little to proceed vigorously at this time or that we know too well the consumer confusion that would result. Certainly, our mutual goal is to ensure an adequately informed public which can make responsible decisions in the marketplace. We appreciate the opportunity to appear before you today, and we would be pleased to respond to your questions and to provide any further documentation you may request. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/fhpj0226

What was the subcommitteeon?

fhpj0226

fhpj0226_p0, fhpj0226_p1, fhpj0226_p2, fhpj0226_p3, fhpj0226_p4

HEALTH AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, health and scientific research

STATEMENT OF ROBERT 0. NESHEIM, PH.D. VICE PRESIDENT, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY THE QUAKER OATS COMPANY for the GROCERY MANUFACTURERS OF AMERICA, INC. before the SUBCOMMITTEE ON HEALTH AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH COMMITTEE ON HUMAN RESOURCES UNITED STATES SENATE WASHINGTON, D.C. on TITLE III OF S. 3115 JUNE 9, 1978 was i Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/fhpj0226 Good morning. I am Robert 0. Nesheim, Vice President of Science and Technology, The Quaker Oats Company. I appear today on behalf of the Grocery Manufacturers of America, Inc. (GMA). GMA is the national trade association representing the leading manufacturers of food and grocery products, and we appreciate this oppor- tunity to appear before the Subcommittee on Health and Scientific Research of the Senate Committee on Human Resources. Title III of S. 3115 contains a host of important provisions, some of which are precedent-setting in terms of their impact on the flow of information from the food label to the consumer. GMA's views on these provisions are set forth below. Ingredient Labeling of Standardized Foods GMA supports revision of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act to eliminate the arbitrary ingredient labeling distinctions between standardized and non- standardized foods. Nearly six years ago, GMA recommended to its membership the voluntary declaration of ingredients in standardized foods in a manner con- sistent with the Food and Drug Administration regulations for non-standardized food products. Today, in fact, many standardized foods do bear a complete list of ingredients, even though not required under the Act. Color Labeling We believe that the label declaration of all colors by name is not essential consumer information. However, where there are significant health problems which would justify disclosure of a specific color, we would recommend that FDA require such labeling on an exception basis. FDA's proposal to require the labeling of FD&C Yellow No. 5 (tartrazine) is just such an instance, a proposal which GMA endorsed as an appropriate response to a demonstrated health problem. In addition, GMA recently petitioned the FDA to establish a simplified, uniform format to be used by those companies choosing to voluntarily declare colors on food labels. Labeling of "Artificial" and "Natural" Flavors and Spices Title III of S. 3115 would establish a labeling distinction between "artificial" and "natural" flavors and spices, a provision which GMA had not considered prior to this hearing. As you know, FDA has promulgated rather elaborate labeling disclosures for flavors, and it is uncertain whether this bill adds anything new. However, the bill does create an arbitrary distinction between "natural" and "artificial". It seems improbable that flavors derived from nature are any better as flavors than the identical substances created by man. In fact, nearly all "artificial" flavors are chemically identical to those derived from natural sources. GMA supports the provision to continue the exemption for labeling individual spices and flavors. Moreover, we agree that spices and flavors should be labeled by name where it is demonstrated that there are significant health problems related to a specific spice or flavor making disclosure important. Percentage Ingredient Labeling Title III of S. 3115 would authorize FDA to promulgate regulations requiring the declaration of the percentage of any specified ingredient if the Secretary Source: tps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/fhpj22 - 2 - determines by regulation that such ingredient has a significant bearing on the quality, nutrition, acceptability, or cost of a food. If enacted, this pro- vision would add still another set of numbers to an already complicated food label. The usefulness and consumer application of percentage ingredient label- ing is quite limited. In contrast, nutrition labeling provides consumers with a tool for comparing foods on the basis of their nutritional value and across food groups -- an essential for meal planning. Mandated percentage ingredient labeling would add a significant incremental cost to the overall food cost while not improving consumer understanding and use of nutrition concepts. Hence, we would oppose this inflationary provision. Use of Symbol Notation for Artificial Flavors or Colors The bill's provisions for the use of a symbol to indicate the presence of an artificial flavor or color is potentially misleading to the consumer. As we pointed out, most "artificial" flavors are identical to those found in nature. In addition, there are only a handful of artificial colors, and, as indicated above, where there are significant health problems connected with a particular color, that color should be listed by name. Otherwise, we do not believe any further symbolic notation on the label is necessary or warranted. Furthermore, symbolic labeling represents oversimplification which may further contribute to consumer confusion. There is an erroneous assumption throughout the bill that "natural" is to be preferred over "artificial". Such a perspective is built on uninformed, unfounded fears which are contrary to the organized knowledge accumulated in medicine, nutrition, and food science. We would urge the Subcommittee to solicit further views on this subject from such professional groups as the American Medical Association, the American Institute of Nutrition, the Food Protection Committee of the National Academy of Sciences' Food and Nutrition Board, and the Institute of Food Technologists. In all cases, we feel certain that the need for or usefulness of any such symbol could not be demonstrated or supported. Labeling of Colors in Dairy Products GMA has no position on the proposal to liminate the Congressional exemption for labeling colors in butter, cheese, and ice cream. We feel the views of the dairy industry should be solicited on- the impact of this proposal. Mandatory Nutrition Labeling Nutrition labeling is an area of particular interest to me personally and to GMA's membership. We would oppose mandatory nutrition labeling for "food for human consumption and in package form", since not all packaged food warrants such labeling. GMA has consistently supported voluntary nutrition labeling and was the first industry group to encourage manufacturers to adopt voluntary nutrition labeling. GMA has continued to support nutrition labeling and is even today cooperating with the FDA on consumer research to determine whether nutrition labeling should be revised. Nevertheless, despite this history of support, we are unable to support the nutrition labeling provisions of this bill. Our reason for taking this position is that nutrition labeling has never been adequately promoted to the American public. Industry spent in excess of 100 million dollars Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/fhpj0226 - 3 - bringing nutrition labeling into the supermarkets of America; yet the federal government by comparison committed virtually nothing to promoting this new consumer service. There was practically no effort to inform consumers of the availability of nutrition labeling and its uses and value in comparing products and in planning meals. As a result, nutrition labeling remains under-used. This Subcommittee can change nutrition labeling; it can add more and more infor- mation, including graphic representations, and make still other changes; but these changes alone will not make nutrition labeling useful to consumers. That can come about only through a well-orchestrated consumer-oriented nutrition education program. Most scientists who have evaluated the current nutrition labeling format believe it is too complicated to be understood and used by consumers. While this legis- lation would try to rectify that situation, we believe there is a better approach. The FDA is currently engaged in an extensive program -- involving both consumer research and public hearings -- to determine what information should appear on food labels and how this information should appear. We would urge that altera- tion of nutrition Tabeling not be considered until both the research and the hearings are completed. Only then will we have firm documentation as to the appropriate approach for any revision of nutrition labeling. At this point, no one knows how or even if nutrition labeling should be revised, although there are many who will offer opinions without proper scientific documentation. We urge the Subcommittee to await that documentation and not to impose untimely burdens that are likely to contribute significantly to increased costs. More importantly, a precipitous change in nutrition labeling, in the absence of solid data for guidance, would certainly lead to consumer confusion in the marketplace and may even result in decreased consumer use of nutrition labeling through information overload. This is a real concern. We may have already gone beyond the point of requiring too much information on the food label so that the important messages are lost in a sea of words and numbers. Federal Preemption GMA wholeheartedly supports the federal preemption provisions in Section 3. There are few steps the Subcommittee could take that could do more to hold down food costs than implementing federal preemption for food labeling require- ments. Almost weekly we are faced with state initiatives in food labeling which would seriously interfere with interstate shipment of food and add significant costs by requiring different labels for different states. Federal preemption for food labeling is in the best interests of everyone. Alcohol Labeling GMA has no position on the provision which would subject alcoholic beverages to the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. Effective Date While some of the bill's labeling requirements would be subject to a one-year effective date, most of the labeling provisions would come under a compliance date still to be set by FDA. We would urge that all labeling changes be sub- ject to the same effective date -- that date to be determined by the subsequent Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/fhpj0226 - 4 - FDA regulations needed to carry out the bill's mandate. It is important that FDA be given the flexibility to establish an effective date which is both uniform and realistic, so as to avoid a series of costly label revisions and to provide for an orderly transition in the marketplace. Such an approach would be consistent with current FDA practice. Food Advertising Professionals in consumer behavior and communications have consistently demon- strated that food advertising is uniquely different from food labeling. The two play very different functions in terms of communicating with consumers. Advertising, particularly on radio and television, is quite limited in what it is able to communicate; it can simply alert consumers to the availability of a product and, at most, suggest perhaps one attribute of that product. The Federal Trade Commission is currently exploring the complexities of food advertising, and once the FTC has completed Phases I and II of its proposed Trade Regulation Rule on Food Advertising, all parties will be in a better position to judge the merits of Section 6 of this bill. In any case, we do not believe the FTC has, or should have, the authority to require by affirma- tive disclosure a mandated nutrition profile in food advertising. We would urge the Subcommittee to strike this section from the bill. Mr. Chairman and Members of the Subcommittee, GMA supports many of the pro- visions in Title III of S. 3115 and urges their enactment. Where we oppose, that opposition is based on our concern that we know too little to proceed vigorously at this time or that we know too well the consumer confusion that would result. Certainly, our mutual goal is to ensure an adequately informed public which can make responsible decisions in the marketplace. We appreciate the opportunity to appear before you today, and we would be pleased to respond to your questions and to provide any further documentation you may request. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/fhpj0226

which country is benefited from the successful integration of jugos de valle?

lxpj0226

lxpj0226_p7, lxpj0226_p8

Latin America

The favorable impact of currency fluctuations increased net operating revenues by approximately 2 percent. The favorable impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates was primarily due to a weaker U.S. dollar compared to certain other foreign currencies, including the Japanese yen, Mexican peso, Brazilian real, South African rand and Australian dollar, which had a favorable impact on the Eurasia and Africa, Latin America, Pacific and Bottling Investments operating segments. The favorable impact of a weaker U.S. dollar compared to the aforementioned currencies was partially offset by the impact of a stronger U.S. dollar compared to certain other foreign currencies, including the euro and British pound, which had an unfavorable impact on the Europe and Bottling Investments operating segments. Refer to the heading "Liquidity, Capital Resources and Financial Position - Foreign Exchange.' Year Ended December 31, 2009, versus Year Ended December 31, 2008 Net operating revenues decreased by $954 million, or 3 percent. The following table illustrates, on a percentage basis, the estimated impact of key factors resulting in the increase (decrease) in net operating revenues by operating segment: Percent Change 2009 vs. 2008 Structural Price, product & Currency Volume1 changes geographic mix fluctuations Total Consolidated 3% (1)% -% (5)% (3)% Eurasia & Africa 5% -% -% (11)% (6)% Europe (2) - 1 (9) (10) Latin America 7 - 9 (15) 1 North America (2) - 2 - - Pacific 7 (1) (7) 5 4 Bottling Investments 2 (4) 1 (6) (7) Corporate * * * * * * Calculation is not meaningful. 1 Represents the percent change in net operating revenues attributable to the increase (decrease) in concentrate sales volume for our geographic operating segments (expressed in equivalent unit cases). For our Bottling Investments operating segment, this represents the percent change in net operating revenues attributable to the increase (decrease) in unit case volume for the Bottling Investments operating segment after considering the impact of structural changes. Our Bottling Investments operating segment data reflects unit case volume growth for consolidated bottlers only. Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume," above. Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume," above, for additional information related to changes in our unit case and concentrate sales volume. Structural changes accounted for approximately 1 percent of the decrease in net operating revenues. This decrease was primarily attributable to the sale of certain bottling operations during 2008, including Remil and a portion of our ownership interest in Coca-Cola Pakistan, which resulted in its deconsolidation. Refer to the heading "Operations Review - Other Income (Loss) - Net" and Note 17 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Price, product and geographic mix had a net zero percent impact on consolidated net operating revenues. Price, product and geographic mix for our operating segments was impacted by a variety of factors and events including, but not limited to, the following: consolidated results were unfavorably impacted by shifts in our marketing and media spend strategies. The shift in our marketing and media spend strategies was primarily due to spending more marketing dollars toward in-store activations, loyalty points programs and point-of-sale marketing. Many of these strategies impact net revenues instead of marketing expenses. Refer to the heading "Selling, General and Administrative Expenses," below; consolidated results were unfavorably impacted by geographic mix as a result of growth in our emerging and developing markets. The growth in our emerging and developing markets resulted in unfavorable geographic mix due to the fact that the revenue per unit sold in these markets is generally less than in developed markets; Latin America benefited from the successful integration of Jugos del Valle. Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume," above; 60 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/Ixpj0226 North America was favorably impacted by the growth of our still beverage volume, primarily due to the strong performance of Fuze, Trademark Simply and tea. Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume," above; Pacific was negatively impacted by unfavorable geographic mix due to the growth in emerging and developing markets such as China and a decline in Japan, a developed market. Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume," above. The revenue per unit sold in emerging and developing markets is generally less than in developed markets. The Pacific operating segment was also unfavorably impacted by shifts away from the at-work vending channel in our Japanese business. The unfavorable impact of currency fluctuations decreased net operating revenues by approximately 5 percent. The unfavorable impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates was primarily due to a stronger U.S. dollar compared to most foreign currencies, including the euro, South African rand, British pound, Brazilian real, Mexican peso and Australian dollar, which had an unfavorable impact on the Eurasia and Africa, Europe, Latin America, Pacific and Bottling Investments operating segments. The unfavorable impact of a stronger U.S. dollar compared to the aforementioned currencies was partially offset by the impact of a weaker U.S. dollar compared to certain other foreign currencies, including the Japanese yen, which had a favorable impact on the Pacific operating segment. Refer to the heading "Liquidity, Capital Resources and Financial Position - Foreign Exchange." Net Operating Revenues by Operating Segment Information about our net operating revenues by operating segment as a percentage of Company net operating revenues is as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2010 2009 2008 Eurasia & Africa 6.9% 6.4% 6.7% Europe 12.6 13.9 15.0 Latin America 11.0 12.0 11.3 North America 31.7 26.4 25.7 Pacific 14.1 14.6 13.7 Bottling Investments 23.4 26.4 27.3 Corporate 0.3 0.3 0.3 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% The percentage contribution of each operating segment has changed due to net operating revenues in certain operating segments growing at a faster rate compared to the other operating segments. Net operating revenue growth rates are impacted by sales volume, structural changes, price and product/geographic mix, and foreign currency fluctuations. In 2010, the percentage of the Company's net operating revenues contributed by our North America operating segment increased by 5.3 percent, primarily due to our acquisition of CCE's North American business and sales related to our new license agreements with DPS. In 2011, we expect the percentage contribution by our North America operating segment to increase from 2010 due to the full year impact of these structural items. During the fourth quarter of 2010, the first quarter of operation following our acquisition of CCE's North American business and the new license agreements with DPS, our North America operating segment contributed 45.8 percent of the Company's net operating reveriues. Although the fourth quarter of 2010 may not be indicative of the full year 2011 percentage contribution, it provides trend information related to the potential future impact of these structural changes. In addition, in 2010, the percentage of the Company's net operating revenues contributed by our Bottling Investments operating segment decreased by 3.0 percent, primarily due to the deconsolidation of certain entities as a result of the Company's adoption of new accounting guidance issued by the FASB and the sale of our Norwegian and Swedish bottling operations to New CCE. Refer to the heading "Structural Changes, Acquired Brands and New License Agreements," above. The size and timing of structural changes are not consistent from period to period. As a result, anticipating the impact of such events on future net operating revenues, and other financial statement line items, usually is not possible. We expect structural changes to have an impact on our consolidated financial statements in future periods. 61 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/Ixpj0226

What is the increase in net operating revenues as part of favorable impact of currency fluctuations?

lxpj0226

lxpj0226_p7, lxpj0226_p8

by approximately 2 percent.

The favorable impact of currency fluctuations increased net operating revenues by approximately 2 percent. The favorable impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates was primarily due to a weaker U.S. dollar compared to certain other foreign currencies, including the Japanese yen, Mexican peso, Brazilian real, South African rand and Australian dollar, which had a favorable impact on the Eurasia and Africa, Latin America, Pacific and Bottling Investments operating segments. The favorable impact of a weaker U.S. dollar compared to the aforementioned currencies was partially offset by the impact of a stronger U.S. dollar compared to certain other foreign currencies, including the euro and British pound, which had an unfavorable impact on the Europe and Bottling Investments operating segments. Refer to the heading "Liquidity, Capital Resources and Financial Position - Foreign Exchange.' Year Ended December 31, 2009, versus Year Ended December 31, 2008 Net operating revenues decreased by $954 million, or 3 percent. The following table illustrates, on a percentage basis, the estimated impact of key factors resulting in the increase (decrease) in net operating revenues by operating segment: Percent Change 2009 vs. 2008 Structural Price, product & Currency Volume1 changes geographic mix fluctuations Total Consolidated 3% (1)% -% (5)% (3)% Eurasia & Africa 5% -% -% (11)% (6)% Europe (2) - 1 (9) (10) Latin America 7 - 9 (15) 1 North America (2) - 2 - - Pacific 7 (1) (7) 5 4 Bottling Investments 2 (4) 1 (6) (7) Corporate * * * * * * Calculation is not meaningful. 1 Represents the percent change in net operating revenues attributable to the increase (decrease) in concentrate sales volume for our geographic operating segments (expressed in equivalent unit cases). For our Bottling Investments operating segment, this represents the percent change in net operating revenues attributable to the increase (decrease) in unit case volume for the Bottling Investments operating segment after considering the impact of structural changes. Our Bottling Investments operating segment data reflects unit case volume growth for consolidated bottlers only. Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume," above. Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume," above, for additional information related to changes in our unit case and concentrate sales volume. Structural changes accounted for approximately 1 percent of the decrease in net operating revenues. This decrease was primarily attributable to the sale of certain bottling operations during 2008, including Remil and a portion of our ownership interest in Coca-Cola Pakistan, which resulted in its deconsolidation. Refer to the heading "Operations Review - Other Income (Loss) - Net" and Note 17 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Price, product and geographic mix had a net zero percent impact on consolidated net operating revenues. Price, product and geographic mix for our operating segments was impacted by a variety of factors and events including, but not limited to, the following: consolidated results were unfavorably impacted by shifts in our marketing and media spend strategies. The shift in our marketing and media spend strategies was primarily due to spending more marketing dollars toward in-store activations, loyalty points programs and point-of-sale marketing. Many of these strategies impact net revenues instead of marketing expenses. Refer to the heading "Selling, General and Administrative Expenses," below; consolidated results were unfavorably impacted by geographic mix as a result of growth in our emerging and developing markets. The growth in our emerging and developing markets resulted in unfavorable geographic mix due to the fact that the revenue per unit sold in these markets is generally less than in developed markets; Latin America benefited from the successful integration of Jugos del Valle. Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume," above; 60 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/Ixpj0226 North America was favorably impacted by the growth of our still beverage volume, primarily due to the strong performance of Fuze, Trademark Simply and tea. Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume," above; Pacific was negatively impacted by unfavorable geographic mix due to the growth in emerging and developing markets such as China and a decline in Japan, a developed market. Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume," above. The revenue per unit sold in emerging and developing markets is generally less than in developed markets. The Pacific operating segment was also unfavorably impacted by shifts away from the at-work vending channel in our Japanese business. The unfavorable impact of currency fluctuations decreased net operating revenues by approximately 5 percent. The unfavorable impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates was primarily due to a stronger U.S. dollar compared to most foreign currencies, including the euro, South African rand, British pound, Brazilian real, Mexican peso and Australian dollar, which had an unfavorable impact on the Eurasia and Africa, Europe, Latin America, Pacific and Bottling Investments operating segments. The unfavorable impact of a stronger U.S. dollar compared to the aforementioned currencies was partially offset by the impact of a weaker U.S. dollar compared to certain other foreign currencies, including the Japanese yen, which had a favorable impact on the Pacific operating segment. Refer to the heading "Liquidity, Capital Resources and Financial Position - Foreign Exchange." Net Operating Revenues by Operating Segment Information about our net operating revenues by operating segment as a percentage of Company net operating revenues is as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2010 2009 2008 Eurasia & Africa 6.9% 6.4% 6.7% Europe 12.6 13.9 15.0 Latin America 11.0 12.0 11.3 North America 31.7 26.4 25.7 Pacific 14.1 14.6 13.7 Bottling Investments 23.4 26.4 27.3 Corporate 0.3 0.3 0.3 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% The percentage contribution of each operating segment has changed due to net operating revenues in certain operating segments growing at a faster rate compared to the other operating segments. Net operating revenue growth rates are impacted by sales volume, structural changes, price and product/geographic mix, and foreign currency fluctuations. In 2010, the percentage of the Company's net operating revenues contributed by our North America operating segment increased by 5.3 percent, primarily due to our acquisition of CCE's North American business and sales related to our new license agreements with DPS. In 2011, we expect the percentage contribution by our North America operating segment to increase from 2010 due to the full year impact of these structural items. During the fourth quarter of 2010, the first quarter of operation following our acquisition of CCE's North American business and the new license agreements with DPS, our North America operating segment contributed 45.8 percent of the Company's net operating reveriues. Although the fourth quarter of 2010 may not be indicative of the full year 2011 percentage contribution, it provides trend information related to the potential future impact of these structural changes. In addition, in 2010, the percentage of the Company's net operating revenues contributed by our Bottling Investments operating segment decreased by 3.0 percent, primarily due to the deconsolidation of certain entities as a result of the Company's adoption of new accounting guidance issued by the FASB and the sale of our Norwegian and Swedish bottling operations to New CCE. Refer to the heading "Structural Changes, Acquired Brands and New License Agreements," above. The size and timing of structural changes are not consistent from period to period. As a result, anticipating the impact of such events on future net operating revenues, and other financial statement line items, usually is not possible. We expect structural changes to have an impact on our consolidated financial statements in future periods. 61 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/Ixpj0226

Which financial year's net operating revenues are compared?

lxpj0226

lxpj0226_p7, lxpj0226_p8

Year ended December 31, 2009, versus Year Ended December 31, 2008

The favorable impact of currency fluctuations increased net operating revenues by approximately 2 percent. The favorable impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates was primarily due to a weaker U.S. dollar compared to certain other foreign currencies, including the Japanese yen, Mexican peso, Brazilian real, South African rand and Australian dollar, which had a favorable impact on the Eurasia and Africa, Latin America, Pacific and Bottling Investments operating segments. The favorable impact of a weaker U.S. dollar compared to the aforementioned currencies was partially offset by the impact of a stronger U.S. dollar compared to certain other foreign currencies, including the euro and British pound, which had an unfavorable impact on the Europe and Bottling Investments operating segments. Refer to the heading "Liquidity, Capital Resources and Financial Position - Foreign Exchange.' Year Ended December 31, 2009, versus Year Ended December 31, 2008 Net operating revenues decreased by $954 million, or 3 percent. The following table illustrates, on a percentage basis, the estimated impact of key factors resulting in the increase (decrease) in net operating revenues by operating segment: Percent Change 2009 vs. 2008 Structural Price, product & Currency Volume1 changes geographic mix fluctuations Total Consolidated 3% (1)% -% (5)% (3)% Eurasia & Africa 5% -% -% (11)% (6)% Europe (2) - 1 (9) (10) Latin America 7 - 9 (15) 1 North America (2) - 2 - - Pacific 7 (1) (7) 5 4 Bottling Investments 2 (4) 1 (6) (7) Corporate * * * * * * Calculation is not meaningful. 1 Represents the percent change in net operating revenues attributable to the increase (decrease) in concentrate sales volume for our geographic operating segments (expressed in equivalent unit cases). For our Bottling Investments operating segment, this represents the percent change in net operating revenues attributable to the increase (decrease) in unit case volume for the Bottling Investments operating segment after considering the impact of structural changes. Our Bottling Investments operating segment data reflects unit case volume growth for consolidated bottlers only. Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume," above. Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume," above, for additional information related to changes in our unit case and concentrate sales volume. Structural changes accounted for approximately 1 percent of the decrease in net operating revenues. This decrease was primarily attributable to the sale of certain bottling operations during 2008, including Remil and a portion of our ownership interest in Coca-Cola Pakistan, which resulted in its deconsolidation. Refer to the heading "Operations Review - Other Income (Loss) - Net" and Note 17 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Price, product and geographic mix had a net zero percent impact on consolidated net operating revenues. Price, product and geographic mix for our operating segments was impacted by a variety of factors and events including, but not limited to, the following: consolidated results were unfavorably impacted by shifts in our marketing and media spend strategies. The shift in our marketing and media spend strategies was primarily due to spending more marketing dollars toward in-store activations, loyalty points programs and point-of-sale marketing. Many of these strategies impact net revenues instead of marketing expenses. Refer to the heading "Selling, General and Administrative Expenses," below; consolidated results were unfavorably impacted by geographic mix as a result of growth in our emerging and developing markets. The growth in our emerging and developing markets resulted in unfavorable geographic mix due to the fact that the revenue per unit sold in these markets is generally less than in developed markets; Latin America benefited from the successful integration of Jugos del Valle. Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume," above; 60 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/Ixpj0226 North America was favorably impacted by the growth of our still beverage volume, primarily due to the strong performance of Fuze, Trademark Simply and tea. Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume," above; Pacific was negatively impacted by unfavorable geographic mix due to the growth in emerging and developing markets such as China and a decline in Japan, a developed market. Refer to the heading "Beverage Volume," above. The revenue per unit sold in emerging and developing markets is generally less than in developed markets. The Pacific operating segment was also unfavorably impacted by shifts away from the at-work vending channel in our Japanese business. The unfavorable impact of currency fluctuations decreased net operating revenues by approximately 5 percent. The unfavorable impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates was primarily due to a stronger U.S. dollar compared to most foreign currencies, including the euro, South African rand, British pound, Brazilian real, Mexican peso and Australian dollar, which had an unfavorable impact on the Eurasia and Africa, Europe, Latin America, Pacific and Bottling Investments operating segments. The unfavorable impact of a stronger U.S. dollar compared to the aforementioned currencies was partially offset by the impact of a weaker U.S. dollar compared to certain other foreign currencies, including the Japanese yen, which had a favorable impact on the Pacific operating segment. Refer to the heading "Liquidity, Capital Resources and Financial Position - Foreign Exchange." Net Operating Revenues by Operating Segment Information about our net operating revenues by operating segment as a percentage of Company net operating revenues is as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2010 2009 2008 Eurasia & Africa 6.9% 6.4% 6.7% Europe 12.6 13.9 15.0 Latin America 11.0 12.0 11.3 North America 31.7 26.4 25.7 Pacific 14.1 14.6 13.7 Bottling Investments 23.4 26.4 27.3 Corporate 0.3 0.3 0.3 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% The percentage contribution of each operating segment has changed due to net operating revenues in certain operating segments growing at a faster rate compared to the other operating segments. Net operating revenue growth rates are impacted by sales volume, structural changes, price and product/geographic mix, and foreign currency fluctuations. In 2010, the percentage of the Company's net operating revenues contributed by our North America operating segment increased by 5.3 percent, primarily due to our acquisition of CCE's North American business and sales related to our new license agreements with DPS. In 2011, we expect the percentage contribution by our North America operating segment to increase from 2010 due to the full year impact of these structural items. During the fourth quarter of 2010, the first quarter of operation following our acquisition of CCE's North American business and the new license agreements with DPS, our North America operating segment contributed 45.8 percent of the Company's net operating reveriues. Although the fourth quarter of 2010 may not be indicative of the full year 2011 percentage contribution, it provides trend information related to the potential future impact of these structural changes. In addition, in 2010, the percentage of the Company's net operating revenues contributed by our Bottling Investments operating segment decreased by 3.0 percent, primarily due to the deconsolidation of certain entities as a result of the Company's adoption of new accounting guidance issued by the FASB and the sale of our Norwegian and Swedish bottling operations to New CCE. Refer to the heading "Structural Changes, Acquired Brands and New License Agreements," above. The size and timing of structural changes are not consistent from period to period. As a result, anticipating the impact of such events on future net operating revenues, and other financial statement line items, usually is not possible. We expect structural changes to have an impact on our consolidated financial statements in future periods. 61 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/Ixpj0226

In which country is the consumer information centre located?

mtyj0226

mtyj0226_p8, mtyj0226_p9, mtyj0226_p10, mtyj0226_p11, mtyj0226_p12, mtyj0226_p13

Atlanta, Georgia 30301, Georgia

241 IS) 17'71/2.1 IN SOFT DRINKS A ll soft drink products of led to the misconception that The Coca-Cola Company "natural" foods and ingredients are wholesome beverages pro- are inherently safer than those duced in compliance with state manufactured. But it is important and federal food laws, and the to recognize that all foods- laws of more than 155 countries whether picked from your garden where we market our products. or from the grocery shelf-are made of chemicals. An additive is any substance Many of the substances added that becomes part of a food when to processed food products are added directly or indirectly during chemically identical to those any aspect of production, process- which are found in "natural" ing, storage or packaging. Many foods. For example, ascorbic acid, additives are centuries old. The or Vitamin C, is exactly the same use of salt, sugar and spices to substance, whether found in an preserve foods and enhance their orange or made in a laboratory. flavor predates the settlement of While some additives may be this country. unique to processed foods, it is There are many reasons why important to remember that they additives are intentionally used in have been extensively tested. foods and beverages. Some are Many substances found in used to maintain or improve the "natural" foods have not been nutritional value of foods. Others subjected to such rigorous testing. are used to maintain freshness by Yet it is known that some retarding spoilage and preventing "natural" foodstuffs contain changes in color, flavor and tex- substances potentially harmful if ture. Additives also help in pro- consumed in excessive amounts. cessing or preparation by retaining moisture, keeping texture consis- The Safety of Additives tent, preventing lumping or caking, Since the turn of the century, or controlling the acidity or alka- specific laws have regulated food linity of a food product. Finally, and color additives. These require certain additives enhance a prod- clear evidence that substances are uct's taste, which makes it more safe at levels of intended use appealing. before they may be added to food As the food industry attempts products. In an approval process to feed an ever-expanding world that may take several years, manu- population, additives become facturers must demonstrate that more and more important. They the proposed new additive allow manufacturers to provide achieves its intended effect. The consumers with a safe, whole- substance must also be tested in some, appetizing and economic laboratory animals to demonstrate food supply. Additives insure that its safety. Even then, the amount foods can be distributed over con- of the additive approved for use siderable distances and stored for will generally be set from 30 to long periods. However, the wide- 100 times lower than that shown spread use of food additives has to have no effect on the health of led to some misconceptions- laboratory animals. including the conclusion that all Many food substances are additives are potentially harmful. considered safe by experts because they have been used extensively Natural vs. Synthetic for a long period of time with no Recent consumer concern known harmful effects. For these about "chemicals" in food has substances, the law dispenses with (over) Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226 the extensive testing requirements flavor and color, which contribute described above. Approximately to the appeal and enjoyment of 700 substances qualify for this soft drinks. special regulatory status known as 'Generally Recognized As Safe" For more technical informa- or GRAS ingredients. tion on additives or other Because testing methods con- ingredient-related questions, tinue to improve, all categories please write or call: of food additives remain subject to ongoing safety review. This Consumer Information Center review includes a search of world Coca-Cola USA medical and scientific literature on P.O. Drawer 1734 the safety of each compound. If Atlanta, Georgia 30301 new questions are posed about an additive or GRAS ingredient, 1-800-GET COKE manufacturers can be required to (438-2653) confirm the substance's safety by conducting additional studies. Additives Used in Products of The Coca-Cola Company a All ingredients used in Consumer Information Center products manufactured by The A Division o The Coca-Coia Coca-Cola Company are either "Generally Recognized As Safe" or have met the stringent re- quirements for approval as food additives. In addition to helping to maintain product quality, these ingredients are used to provide 1/84 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 1. Boyd, E.M. Toxicity of pure foods. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1977. 2. Clydesdale, F. M., Francis, F.J. Food nutrition & you. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 1977. 3. Counsell, J.N. Natural colours for food and other uses. London, England, Applied Science Publishers, 1981. 4. Furia, T.E. Current aspects of food colorants. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1977. 5. Furia, T.E. Handbook of food additives. 2d. ed. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1975. 6. Furia, T.E. Regulatory status of direct food additives. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1980. 7. International Food Additives Council. Food additives. Atlanta, 1981, 1-13. 8. .Pontanel, G. Food additives and the consumer. Brussels, Belgium, Commission of the European Communities, 1980. 9. .Roberts, H.R., ed. Food safety. New York, John Wiley and Sons, 1981. 0.Stare, F.J., McWilliams, M. Nutrition for good health. Fullerton, California, Plycon Press, 1974. 11. The British Nutrition Foundation. Why additives? The safety of foods. London, England, 1977 Feb. 12. Whelan, E.M., Stare, F.J. Panic in the pantry. New York, The Book Press, 1975. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226 MOUTASKED ASBIGNIT IN SOFT DRINKS A ll soft drink products of Caramel color is approved The Coca-Cola Company for general use as a food color are wholesome beverages pro- by the U.S. Food and Drug duced in compliance with state Administration. and federal food laws, and the laws of more than 155 countries For more technical informa- where we market our products. tion on caramel color or other ingredient-related questions, Caramel color is the substance please write or call: you probably know as "burnt sugar" and can make in your own Consumer Information Center kitchen. Since early times, home- Coca-Cola USA makers have produced what they P.O. Drawer 1734 called "caramel" by heating sugar Atlanta, Georgia 30301 in a pan over an open flame. This type of caramel is primarily used 1-800-GET COKE for flavoring purposes. (438-2653) Today, most caramel color is used in small amounts to color foods, and its contribution to flavor is minimal. It is actually one of to the oldest and most widely used food colors. Consumer Information Center Coca Colausg Caramel color is made com- ADivision The Coca Cota Company mercially by the controlled heating of sugar or corn syrup. The result- ing dark brown liquid or solid material is used in a variety of foods and beverages including soft drinks, bakery products, soups, gravies, syrups and puddings. Caramel color is used exten- sively as a brown color, and it is a versatile color since it can be custom blended to produce exact- ly the right shade for a specific food or beverage. As a result, the science of manufacturing caramel color and the art of its use in foods have evolved systematically over the years. Today, various types of caramel color are in use with specific properties that make them suitable for all types of foods and beverages. 1/84 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Furia, T.E., Handbook of food additives. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1975. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226 CARBONATED WATER IN SOFT DRINKS A ll soft drink products of ance, taste and aroma and to The Coca-Cola Company remove certain minerals and im- are wholesome beverages pro- purities. Carbon dioxide is then duced in compliance with state dissolved in the treated water in and federal food laws, and the a device known as a carbonator. laws of more than 155 countries In most modern bottling plants, where we market our products. treated water, beverage syrup and carbon dioxide are blended Throughout history, people together to make the soft drink. have been fascinated by carbon- Like most other food ingre- ated water. The ancient Greeks dients, carbon dioxide was and Romans bathed in natural reviewed by a group of prominent mineral springs. Later, Europeans scientists for the Food and Drug drank these naturally carbonated Administration and its safety was waters for their health. confirmed. Carbonated soft drinks The manufacture of car- provide a pleasant way to satisfy bonated water began in England the body's need for liquids. Car- in 1772 when Joseph Priestley bonation also enhances a person's discovered how to entrap carbon appreciation of flavor in beverages dioxide in water. By the 1830s, the and accompanying foods. In short, use and popularity of sparkling it adds to the thirst-quenching sen- water had spread to America. sation perceived when soft drinks Soon, with the addition of sweet- are enjoyed. eners, fr ait juices and flavors, these drinks began to be enjoyed For more technical informa- for refreshment rather than for tion on carbonated water or any medicinal value. other ingredient-related ques- From the time these efferves- tions, please write or call: cent soft drinks first began to be made, the same ingredient that Consumer Information Center makes them bubble-carbon Coca-Cola USA dioxide-has been used. Carbon P.O. Drawer 1734 dioxide occurs naturally in the at- Atlanta, Georgia 30301 mosphere as a colorless, odorless 1-800-GET COKE gas. It is what we breathe out and what plants take in. In soft drinks, (438-2653) carbon dioxide produces the dis- tinctive "sparkling" quality and that "bubbling" effect as the drink is poured from the container. To carbonate a soft drink, Consumer Information Center bottlers start out by treating ordi- Coca Cola uss A Division o nary water to improve its appear- 1/84 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Evaluation of the health aspects of carbon dioxide as a food ingredient. Springfield, Virginia: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Infor- mation Service, 1980 (NTIS: PB 80 104 615). Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0228 YOU ASKED ABOUT IN SOFT DRINKS A ll soft drink products of and grains providing the greatest The Coca-Cola Company amounts. are wholesome beverages pro- Contrary to what many peo- duced in compliance with state ple believe, soft drinks are not the and federal food laws, and the major contributors to the total laws of more than 155 countries daily intake of phosphorus. None where we market our products. of the phosphorus-containing soft drinks of The Coca-Cola Company Phosphoric acid is an ingre- provides more than 30 milligrams dient which contributes to the of phosphorus in a six-ounce serv- tangy taste of "cola type" soft ing. In terms of the daily diet, a drinks, just as the citric acid found soft drink accounts for a very in lemons and oranges enhances small amount of the total phos- the flavor of lemonade and orange phorus consumed. juice. Another question sometimes Phosphoric acid contains asked about phosphoric acid in the mineral phosphorus, which is soft drinks is whether it causes an essential nutrient in the diet teeth to erode or dissolve. This and which is present in every cell concern arises because many peo- of the body. In addition to con- ple have seen demonstrations in tributing to the growth and main- which a tooth erodes or dissolves tenance of bones and teeth, phos- after being immersed in a soft phorus allows the body to use drink for several days. Unfor- other nutrients more effectively, tunately, these experiments do not particularly in the conversion demonstrate what actually hap- of proteins, carbohydrates and pens in the mouth and only serve fats to energy. to alarm people unnecessarily. Nearly all foods contain When a tooth is placed in any phosphorus. According to recent acidic solution, such as a soft drink surveys, Americans consume an or a fruit juice, and is left there for average of 1200-1600 milligrams a number of days, erosion will of phosphorus per day, with milk take place. But this is not what products, meats, meat substitutes happens in the mouth. In the (over) Source: tps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj022 mouth, teeth are exposed to a soft For more technical informa- drink for only a very short period tion on phosphoric acid or other of time and are constantly bathed ingredient-related questions, in a protective wash of saliva, please write or call: which acts to decrease the effect of the acid. Consumer Information Center The Coca-Cola Company uses Coca-Cola USA phosphoric acid in some of its P.O. Drawer 1734 products to provide a pleasant Atlanta, Georgia 30301 tartness. The acid in these bever- 1-800-GET COKE ages does not contribute to dental erosion in the course of normal (438-2653) beverage consumption. Nor does it make a significant contribution the to the total daily intake of phos- phorus. In combination with a A nutritionally-adequate, balanced diet and regular exercise, soft Consumer Information Center drinks provide a refreshing and A Division of The Coca Cola Company positive contribution to everyday living. 1/84 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 1. Greger, J.L., Krystofiak, M. Phosphorus intake of Americans. Food Technology 1982; 36(1): 78-84. 2. Intake of additives from soft drinks. Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Pro- gramme, Codex Committee on Food Additives, 1979 Sept. 3. National Research Council and National Academy of Sciences. Food and Nutri- tion Board. Recommended dietary allowances. 9th ed. Washington, D.C., 1980. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226

Which acid do the coca-cola company use to provide a pleasant tartness?

mtyj0226

mtyj0226_p8, mtyj0226_p9, mtyj0226_p10, mtyj0226_p11, mtyj0226_p12, mtyj0226_p13

phosphoric acid

241 IS) 17'71/2.1 IN SOFT DRINKS A ll soft drink products of led to the misconception that The Coca-Cola Company "natural" foods and ingredients are wholesome beverages pro- are inherently safer than those duced in compliance with state manufactured. But it is important and federal food laws, and the to recognize that all foods- laws of more than 155 countries whether picked from your garden where we market our products. or from the grocery shelf-are made of chemicals. An additive is any substance Many of the substances added that becomes part of a food when to processed food products are added directly or indirectly during chemically identical to those any aspect of production, process- which are found in "natural" ing, storage or packaging. Many foods. For example, ascorbic acid, additives are centuries old. The or Vitamin C, is exactly the same use of salt, sugar and spices to substance, whether found in an preserve foods and enhance their orange or made in a laboratory. flavor predates the settlement of While some additives may be this country. unique to processed foods, it is There are many reasons why important to remember that they additives are intentionally used in have been extensively tested. foods and beverages. Some are Many substances found in used to maintain or improve the "natural" foods have not been nutritional value of foods. Others subjected to such rigorous testing. are used to maintain freshness by Yet it is known that some retarding spoilage and preventing "natural" foodstuffs contain changes in color, flavor and tex- substances potentially harmful if ture. Additives also help in pro- consumed in excessive amounts. cessing or preparation by retaining moisture, keeping texture consis- The Safety of Additives tent, preventing lumping or caking, Since the turn of the century, or controlling the acidity or alka- specific laws have regulated food linity of a food product. Finally, and color additives. These require certain additives enhance a prod- clear evidence that substances are uct's taste, which makes it more safe at levels of intended use appealing. before they may be added to food As the food industry attempts products. In an approval process to feed an ever-expanding world that may take several years, manu- population, additives become facturers must demonstrate that more and more important. They the proposed new additive allow manufacturers to provide achieves its intended effect. The consumers with a safe, whole- substance must also be tested in some, appetizing and economic laboratory animals to demonstrate food supply. Additives insure that its safety. Even then, the amount foods can be distributed over con- of the additive approved for use siderable distances and stored for will generally be set from 30 to long periods. However, the wide- 100 times lower than that shown spread use of food additives has to have no effect on the health of led to some misconceptions- laboratory animals. including the conclusion that all Many food substances are additives are potentially harmful. considered safe by experts because they have been used extensively Natural vs. Synthetic for a long period of time with no Recent consumer concern known harmful effects. For these about "chemicals" in food has substances, the law dispenses with (over) Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226 the extensive testing requirements flavor and color, which contribute described above. Approximately to the appeal and enjoyment of 700 substances qualify for this soft drinks. special regulatory status known as 'Generally Recognized As Safe" For more technical informa- or GRAS ingredients. tion on additives or other Because testing methods con- ingredient-related questions, tinue to improve, all categories please write or call: of food additives remain subject to ongoing safety review. This Consumer Information Center review includes a search of world Coca-Cola USA medical and scientific literature on P.O. Drawer 1734 the safety of each compound. If Atlanta, Georgia 30301 new questions are posed about an additive or GRAS ingredient, 1-800-GET COKE manufacturers can be required to (438-2653) confirm the substance's safety by conducting additional studies. Additives Used in Products of The Coca-Cola Company a All ingredients used in Consumer Information Center products manufactured by The A Division o The Coca-Coia Coca-Cola Company are either "Generally Recognized As Safe" or have met the stringent re- quirements for approval as food additives. In addition to helping to maintain product quality, these ingredients are used to provide 1/84 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 1. Boyd, E.M. Toxicity of pure foods. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1977. 2. Clydesdale, F. M., Francis, F.J. Food nutrition & you. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 1977. 3. Counsell, J.N. Natural colours for food and other uses. London, England, Applied Science Publishers, 1981. 4. Furia, T.E. Current aspects of food colorants. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1977. 5. Furia, T.E. Handbook of food additives. 2d. ed. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1975. 6. Furia, T.E. Regulatory status of direct food additives. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1980. 7. International Food Additives Council. Food additives. Atlanta, 1981, 1-13. 8. .Pontanel, G. Food additives and the consumer. Brussels, Belgium, Commission of the European Communities, 1980. 9. .Roberts, H.R., ed. Food safety. New York, John Wiley and Sons, 1981. 0.Stare, F.J., McWilliams, M. Nutrition for good health. Fullerton, California, Plycon Press, 1974. 11. The British Nutrition Foundation. Why additives? The safety of foods. London, England, 1977 Feb. 12. Whelan, E.M., Stare, F.J. Panic in the pantry. New York, The Book Press, 1975. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226 MOUTASKED ASBIGNIT IN SOFT DRINKS A ll soft drink products of Caramel color is approved The Coca-Cola Company for general use as a food color are wholesome beverages pro- by the U.S. Food and Drug duced in compliance with state Administration. and federal food laws, and the laws of more than 155 countries For more technical informa- where we market our products. tion on caramel color or other ingredient-related questions, Caramel color is the substance please write or call: you probably know as "burnt sugar" and can make in your own Consumer Information Center kitchen. Since early times, home- Coca-Cola USA makers have produced what they P.O. Drawer 1734 called "caramel" by heating sugar Atlanta, Georgia 30301 in a pan over an open flame. This type of caramel is primarily used 1-800-GET COKE for flavoring purposes. (438-2653) Today, most caramel color is used in small amounts to color foods, and its contribution to flavor is minimal. It is actually one of to the oldest and most widely used food colors. Consumer Information Center Coca Colausg Caramel color is made com- ADivision The Coca Cota Company mercially by the controlled heating of sugar or corn syrup. The result- ing dark brown liquid or solid material is used in a variety of foods and beverages including soft drinks, bakery products, soups, gravies, syrups and puddings. Caramel color is used exten- sively as a brown color, and it is a versatile color since it can be custom blended to produce exact- ly the right shade for a specific food or beverage. As a result, the science of manufacturing caramel color and the art of its use in foods have evolved systematically over the years. Today, various types of caramel color are in use with specific properties that make them suitable for all types of foods and beverages. 1/84 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Furia, T.E., Handbook of food additives. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1975. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226 CARBONATED WATER IN SOFT DRINKS A ll soft drink products of ance, taste and aroma and to The Coca-Cola Company remove certain minerals and im- are wholesome beverages pro- purities. Carbon dioxide is then duced in compliance with state dissolved in the treated water in and federal food laws, and the a device known as a carbonator. laws of more than 155 countries In most modern bottling plants, where we market our products. treated water, beverage syrup and carbon dioxide are blended Throughout history, people together to make the soft drink. have been fascinated by carbon- Like most other food ingre- ated water. The ancient Greeks dients, carbon dioxide was and Romans bathed in natural reviewed by a group of prominent mineral springs. Later, Europeans scientists for the Food and Drug drank these naturally carbonated Administration and its safety was waters for their health. confirmed. Carbonated soft drinks The manufacture of car- provide a pleasant way to satisfy bonated water began in England the body's need for liquids. Car- in 1772 when Joseph Priestley bonation also enhances a person's discovered how to entrap carbon appreciation of flavor in beverages dioxide in water. By the 1830s, the and accompanying foods. In short, use and popularity of sparkling it adds to the thirst-quenching sen- water had spread to America. sation perceived when soft drinks Soon, with the addition of sweet- are enjoyed. eners, fr ait juices and flavors, these drinks began to be enjoyed For more technical informa- for refreshment rather than for tion on carbonated water or any medicinal value. other ingredient-related ques- From the time these efferves- tions, please write or call: cent soft drinks first began to be made, the same ingredient that Consumer Information Center makes them bubble-carbon Coca-Cola USA dioxide-has been used. Carbon P.O. Drawer 1734 dioxide occurs naturally in the at- Atlanta, Georgia 30301 mosphere as a colorless, odorless 1-800-GET COKE gas. It is what we breathe out and what plants take in. In soft drinks, (438-2653) carbon dioxide produces the dis- tinctive "sparkling" quality and that "bubbling" effect as the drink is poured from the container. To carbonate a soft drink, Consumer Information Center bottlers start out by treating ordi- Coca Cola uss A Division o nary water to improve its appear- 1/84 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Evaluation of the health aspects of carbon dioxide as a food ingredient. Springfield, Virginia: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Infor- mation Service, 1980 (NTIS: PB 80 104 615). Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0228 YOU ASKED ABOUT IN SOFT DRINKS A ll soft drink products of and grains providing the greatest The Coca-Cola Company amounts. are wholesome beverages pro- Contrary to what many peo- duced in compliance with state ple believe, soft drinks are not the and federal food laws, and the major contributors to the total laws of more than 155 countries daily intake of phosphorus. None where we market our products. of the phosphorus-containing soft drinks of The Coca-Cola Company Phosphoric acid is an ingre- provides more than 30 milligrams dient which contributes to the of phosphorus in a six-ounce serv- tangy taste of "cola type" soft ing. In terms of the daily diet, a drinks, just as the citric acid found soft drink accounts for a very in lemons and oranges enhances small amount of the total phos- the flavor of lemonade and orange phorus consumed. juice. Another question sometimes Phosphoric acid contains asked about phosphoric acid in the mineral phosphorus, which is soft drinks is whether it causes an essential nutrient in the diet teeth to erode or dissolve. This and which is present in every cell concern arises because many peo- of the body. In addition to con- ple have seen demonstrations in tributing to the growth and main- which a tooth erodes or dissolves tenance of bones and teeth, phos- after being immersed in a soft phorus allows the body to use drink for several days. Unfor- other nutrients more effectively, tunately, these experiments do not particularly in the conversion demonstrate what actually hap- of proteins, carbohydrates and pens in the mouth and only serve fats to energy. to alarm people unnecessarily. Nearly all foods contain When a tooth is placed in any phosphorus. According to recent acidic solution, such as a soft drink surveys, Americans consume an or a fruit juice, and is left there for average of 1200-1600 milligrams a number of days, erosion will of phosphorus per day, with milk take place. But this is not what products, meats, meat substitutes happens in the mouth. In the (over) Source: tps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj022 mouth, teeth are exposed to a soft For more technical informa- drink for only a very short period tion on phosphoric acid or other of time and are constantly bathed ingredient-related questions, in a protective wash of saliva, please write or call: which acts to decrease the effect of the acid. Consumer Information Center The Coca-Cola Company uses Coca-Cola USA phosphoric acid in some of its P.O. Drawer 1734 products to provide a pleasant Atlanta, Georgia 30301 tartness. The acid in these bever- 1-800-GET COKE ages does not contribute to dental erosion in the course of normal (438-2653) beverage consumption. Nor does it make a significant contribution the to the total daily intake of phos- phorus. In combination with a A nutritionally-adequate, balanced diet and regular exercise, soft Consumer Information Center drinks provide a refreshing and A Division of The Coca Cola Company positive contribution to everyday living. 1/84 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 1. Greger, J.L., Krystofiak, M. Phosphorus intake of Americans. Food Technology 1982; 36(1): 78-84. 2. Intake of additives from soft drinks. Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Pro- gramme, Codex Committee on Food Additives, 1979 Sept. 3. National Research Council and National Academy of Sciences. Food and Nutri- tion Board. Recommended dietary allowances. 9th ed. Washington, D.C., 1980. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226

what does soft drinks provide ?

mtyj0226

mtyj0226_p8, mtyj0226_p9, mtyj0226_p10, mtyj0226_p11, mtyj0226_p12, mtyj0226_p13

a refreshing and positive contribution to everyday living, refreshing and positive contribution to everyday living

241 IS) 17'71/2.1 IN SOFT DRINKS A ll soft drink products of led to the misconception that The Coca-Cola Company "natural" foods and ingredients are wholesome beverages pro- are inherently safer than those duced in compliance with state manufactured. But it is important and federal food laws, and the to recognize that all foods- laws of more than 155 countries whether picked from your garden where we market our products. or from the grocery shelf-are made of chemicals. An additive is any substance Many of the substances added that becomes part of a food when to processed food products are added directly or indirectly during chemically identical to those any aspect of production, process- which are found in "natural" ing, storage or packaging. Many foods. For example, ascorbic acid, additives are centuries old. The or Vitamin C, is exactly the same use of salt, sugar and spices to substance, whether found in an preserve foods and enhance their orange or made in a laboratory. flavor predates the settlement of While some additives may be this country. unique to processed foods, it is There are many reasons why important to remember that they additives are intentionally used in have been extensively tested. foods and beverages. Some are Many substances found in used to maintain or improve the "natural" foods have not been nutritional value of foods. Others subjected to such rigorous testing. are used to maintain freshness by Yet it is known that some retarding spoilage and preventing "natural" foodstuffs contain changes in color, flavor and tex- substances potentially harmful if ture. Additives also help in pro- consumed in excessive amounts. cessing or preparation by retaining moisture, keeping texture consis- The Safety of Additives tent, preventing lumping or caking, Since the turn of the century, or controlling the acidity or alka- specific laws have regulated food linity of a food product. Finally, and color additives. These require certain additives enhance a prod- clear evidence that substances are uct's taste, which makes it more safe at levels of intended use appealing. before they may be added to food As the food industry attempts products. In an approval process to feed an ever-expanding world that may take several years, manu- population, additives become facturers must demonstrate that more and more important. They the proposed new additive allow manufacturers to provide achieves its intended effect. The consumers with a safe, whole- substance must also be tested in some, appetizing and economic laboratory animals to demonstrate food supply. Additives insure that its safety. Even then, the amount foods can be distributed over con- of the additive approved for use siderable distances and stored for will generally be set from 30 to long periods. However, the wide- 100 times lower than that shown spread use of food additives has to have no effect on the health of led to some misconceptions- laboratory animals. including the conclusion that all Many food substances are additives are potentially harmful. considered safe by experts because they have been used extensively Natural vs. Synthetic for a long period of time with no Recent consumer concern known harmful effects. For these about "chemicals" in food has substances, the law dispenses with (over) Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226 the extensive testing requirements flavor and color, which contribute described above. Approximately to the appeal and enjoyment of 700 substances qualify for this soft drinks. special regulatory status known as 'Generally Recognized As Safe" For more technical informa- or GRAS ingredients. tion on additives or other Because testing methods con- ingredient-related questions, tinue to improve, all categories please write or call: of food additives remain subject to ongoing safety review. This Consumer Information Center review includes a search of world Coca-Cola USA medical and scientific literature on P.O. Drawer 1734 the safety of each compound. If Atlanta, Georgia 30301 new questions are posed about an additive or GRAS ingredient, 1-800-GET COKE manufacturers can be required to (438-2653) confirm the substance's safety by conducting additional studies. Additives Used in Products of The Coca-Cola Company a All ingredients used in Consumer Information Center products manufactured by The A Division o The Coca-Coia Coca-Cola Company are either "Generally Recognized As Safe" or have met the stringent re- quirements for approval as food additives. In addition to helping to maintain product quality, these ingredients are used to provide 1/84 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 1. Boyd, E.M. Toxicity of pure foods. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1977. 2. Clydesdale, F. M., Francis, F.J. Food nutrition & you. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 1977. 3. Counsell, J.N. Natural colours for food and other uses. London, England, Applied Science Publishers, 1981. 4. Furia, T.E. Current aspects of food colorants. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1977. 5. Furia, T.E. Handbook of food additives. 2d. ed. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1975. 6. Furia, T.E. Regulatory status of direct food additives. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1980. 7. International Food Additives Council. Food additives. Atlanta, 1981, 1-13. 8. .Pontanel, G. Food additives and the consumer. Brussels, Belgium, Commission of the European Communities, 1980. 9. .Roberts, H.R., ed. Food safety. New York, John Wiley and Sons, 1981. 0.Stare, F.J., McWilliams, M. Nutrition for good health. Fullerton, California, Plycon Press, 1974. 11. The British Nutrition Foundation. Why additives? The safety of foods. London, England, 1977 Feb. 12. Whelan, E.M., Stare, F.J. Panic in the pantry. New York, The Book Press, 1975. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226 MOUTASKED ASBIGNIT IN SOFT DRINKS A ll soft drink products of Caramel color is approved The Coca-Cola Company for general use as a food color are wholesome beverages pro- by the U.S. Food and Drug duced in compliance with state Administration. and federal food laws, and the laws of more than 155 countries For more technical informa- where we market our products. tion on caramel color or other ingredient-related questions, Caramel color is the substance please write or call: you probably know as "burnt sugar" and can make in your own Consumer Information Center kitchen. Since early times, home- Coca-Cola USA makers have produced what they P.O. Drawer 1734 called "caramel" by heating sugar Atlanta, Georgia 30301 in a pan over an open flame. This type of caramel is primarily used 1-800-GET COKE for flavoring purposes. (438-2653) Today, most caramel color is used in small amounts to color foods, and its contribution to flavor is minimal. It is actually one of to the oldest and most widely used food colors. Consumer Information Center Coca Colausg Caramel color is made com- ADivision The Coca Cota Company mercially by the controlled heating of sugar or corn syrup. The result- ing dark brown liquid or solid material is used in a variety of foods and beverages including soft drinks, bakery products, soups, gravies, syrups and puddings. Caramel color is used exten- sively as a brown color, and it is a versatile color since it can be custom blended to produce exact- ly the right shade for a specific food or beverage. As a result, the science of manufacturing caramel color and the art of its use in foods have evolved systematically over the years. Today, various types of caramel color are in use with specific properties that make them suitable for all types of foods and beverages. 1/84 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Furia, T.E., Handbook of food additives. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1975. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226 CARBONATED WATER IN SOFT DRINKS A ll soft drink products of ance, taste and aroma and to The Coca-Cola Company remove certain minerals and im- are wholesome beverages pro- purities. Carbon dioxide is then duced in compliance with state dissolved in the treated water in and federal food laws, and the a device known as a carbonator. laws of more than 155 countries In most modern bottling plants, where we market our products. treated water, beverage syrup and carbon dioxide are blended Throughout history, people together to make the soft drink. have been fascinated by carbon- Like most other food ingre- ated water. The ancient Greeks dients, carbon dioxide was and Romans bathed in natural reviewed by a group of prominent mineral springs. Later, Europeans scientists for the Food and Drug drank these naturally carbonated Administration and its safety was waters for their health. confirmed. Carbonated soft drinks The manufacture of car- provide a pleasant way to satisfy bonated water began in England the body's need for liquids. Car- in 1772 when Joseph Priestley bonation also enhances a person's discovered how to entrap carbon appreciation of flavor in beverages dioxide in water. By the 1830s, the and accompanying foods. In short, use and popularity of sparkling it adds to the thirst-quenching sen- water had spread to America. sation perceived when soft drinks Soon, with the addition of sweet- are enjoyed. eners, fr ait juices and flavors, these drinks began to be enjoyed For more technical informa- for refreshment rather than for tion on carbonated water or any medicinal value. other ingredient-related ques- From the time these efferves- tions, please write or call: cent soft drinks first began to be made, the same ingredient that Consumer Information Center makes them bubble-carbon Coca-Cola USA dioxide-has been used. Carbon P.O. Drawer 1734 dioxide occurs naturally in the at- Atlanta, Georgia 30301 mosphere as a colorless, odorless 1-800-GET COKE gas. It is what we breathe out and what plants take in. In soft drinks, (438-2653) carbon dioxide produces the dis- tinctive "sparkling" quality and that "bubbling" effect as the drink is poured from the container. To carbonate a soft drink, Consumer Information Center bottlers start out by treating ordi- Coca Cola uss A Division o nary water to improve its appear- 1/84 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Evaluation of the health aspects of carbon dioxide as a food ingredient. Springfield, Virginia: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Infor- mation Service, 1980 (NTIS: PB 80 104 615). Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0228 YOU ASKED ABOUT IN SOFT DRINKS A ll soft drink products of and grains providing the greatest The Coca-Cola Company amounts. are wholesome beverages pro- Contrary to what many peo- duced in compliance with state ple believe, soft drinks are not the and federal food laws, and the major contributors to the total laws of more than 155 countries daily intake of phosphorus. None where we market our products. of the phosphorus-containing soft drinks of The Coca-Cola Company Phosphoric acid is an ingre- provides more than 30 milligrams dient which contributes to the of phosphorus in a six-ounce serv- tangy taste of "cola type" soft ing. In terms of the daily diet, a drinks, just as the citric acid found soft drink accounts for a very in lemons and oranges enhances small amount of the total phos- the flavor of lemonade and orange phorus consumed. juice. Another question sometimes Phosphoric acid contains asked about phosphoric acid in the mineral phosphorus, which is soft drinks is whether it causes an essential nutrient in the diet teeth to erode or dissolve. This and which is present in every cell concern arises because many peo- of the body. In addition to con- ple have seen demonstrations in tributing to the growth and main- which a tooth erodes or dissolves tenance of bones and teeth, phos- after being immersed in a soft phorus allows the body to use drink for several days. Unfor- other nutrients more effectively, tunately, these experiments do not particularly in the conversion demonstrate what actually hap- of proteins, carbohydrates and pens in the mouth and only serve fats to energy. to alarm people unnecessarily. Nearly all foods contain When a tooth is placed in any phosphorus. According to recent acidic solution, such as a soft drink surveys, Americans consume an or a fruit juice, and is left there for average of 1200-1600 milligrams a number of days, erosion will of phosphorus per day, with milk take place. But this is not what products, meats, meat substitutes happens in the mouth. In the (over) Source: tps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj022 mouth, teeth are exposed to a soft For more technical informa- drink for only a very short period tion on phosphoric acid or other of time and are constantly bathed ingredient-related questions, in a protective wash of saliva, please write or call: which acts to decrease the effect of the acid. Consumer Information Center The Coca-Cola Company uses Coca-Cola USA phosphoric acid in some of its P.O. Drawer 1734 products to provide a pleasant Atlanta, Georgia 30301 tartness. The acid in these bever- 1-800-GET COKE ages does not contribute to dental erosion in the course of normal (438-2653) beverage consumption. Nor does it make a significant contribution the to the total daily intake of phos- phorus. In combination with a A nutritionally-adequate, balanced diet and regular exercise, soft Consumer Information Center drinks provide a refreshing and A Division of The Coca Cola Company positive contribution to everyday living. 1/84 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 1. Greger, J.L., Krystofiak, M. Phosphorus intake of Americans. Food Technology 1982; 36(1): 78-84. 2. Intake of additives from soft drinks. Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Pro- gramme, Codex Committee on Food Additives, 1979 Sept. 3. National Research Council and National Academy of Sciences. Food and Nutri- tion Board. Recommended dietary allowances. 9th ed. Washington, D.C., 1980. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mtyj0226

what has been playing a significant role in soft drink industry?

ykpj0226

ykpj0226_p7, ykpj0226_p8, ykpj0226_p9, ykpj0226_p10, ykpj0226_p11

high fructose corn sweeteners, High Fructose corn sweeteners

Shasta BEVERAGES ACONSOLIDATED FOODS COMPANY . RESPONSIVE TO CONSUMER NEEDS EXECUTIVE OFFICES TABLE OF BEVERAGE COMPOSITION THE FOLLOWING NUTRITIONAL VALUES ARE TYPICAL OF SHASTA SOFT DRINKS PER 12 FLUID OUNCES NEW DIET SHASTA REGULAR SHASTA WATER (%) 99.6 87.3-91.3 CALORIES * (1) 99-172 *(1) CARBOHYDRATE: Total (GM) *(1) 27-47 *(1) Non-reducing (GM) *(1) *(2) Reducing (GM) *(1) Fiber (GM) 0.0 *(3) TRACE PROTEIN (GM) 0.0 0.0 FAT (GM) 0.0 0.0 ASH (GM) 0.0 TRACE CALCIUM (MG) 8.52-12.1 8.52-10.6 PHOSPHORUS (MG) 2.0 -55.5 TRACE-38.8 IRON (PPM) 0.2 0.2 SODIUM (MG) 44.4-67.0 6.74-55.0 POTASSIUM (MG) 7.31-17.7 1.06-9.58 STANNOUS (PPM) 8-10 0.0 MAGNESIUM (MG) 0.03-2.0 0.2-1.8 VITAMIN A (1.0.) 0.0 TRACE THIAMIN (MG) 0.0 TRACE RIBOFLAVIN (MG) 0.0 TRACE NIACIN (MG) 0.0 TRACE SACCHARIN (MG) 108.0 0.0 CAFFEINE (MG) 44.0 Cola Only 44.0 Cola Only ALL Beverages presumed to be essentially free of Cholesterol, Saturated Fatty Acid, and Unsaturated Fatty Acid. *(1) Refer to Calorie and Carbohydrate Table for values by flavor. *(2) Dashes denote lack of data for constituent believed to be present. *(3) Zero indicates that a constituent is none or too small to measure. October, 1979 lecil Science/Technology fanny Naturally Ffruit sugar* finding mew ascueptance NEWSDAY as a sucrose alternative Garden City, NJ August 29, 1979 When you bite into an apple, most of its sweetness will come from fructose, a simple su- Glucose enters the bloodstream rapidly and insu- gar that has earned the nickname fruit sugar. lin must be produced for it to be metabolized. Lately, though, you can get the sweet taste of Fructose, on the other hand, is metabolized slow- fructose in Smuckers jams, Sara Lee desserts or ly over a much longer period of time, and a Shasta soft drinks. smaller amount of insulin is required. The fruit sugar is also being used in ketchup, Because the metabolism of fructose is not as canned fruits, salad dressing, pancake syrup and dependent on insulin as that of glucose, re- ice cream as an alternative to sucrose or table searchers have looked to fructose as 8 possible sugar. Fructose is even turning up in tablets and sweetener for diabetics. However, in a special re- is being touted as the latest way to lose weight. port to the Food and Drug Administration, a sci- While a molecule of fructose is very similar entific panel concluded that there are insuffi- to a molecule of glucose-the two combine to cient data to determine if fructose or any other form sucrose-it is sweeter than both of them. carbohydrate has beneficial properties for the "Traditionally, sucrose is given a sweetness val- long-term dietary management of diabetes. The ue of 1," said Ken Beery of ADM Corn Sweeten- panel did note that the use of fructose is accepted ers. "Dextrose {another name for glucose] is by reputable European diabetologists. about 0.7, honey around 1.2 and fructose normal- According to one FDA scientist, the conclu- ly about 1.5 to 1.8." sion of the report "doesn't say there's sometning bad with the substance. We don't know what ef- Until recently, when the technology of pro- ducing the sugar from corn was improved, fruc- fect, if any, the substance may have. in the ab- tose was not widely available as a sweetener. sence of information, I'm extremely reluccant to "We start with the entire corn kernel, the same say, go ahead." A doctor and researcher in the we would be feeding to cattle or hogs," said area said, "The whole fructose story is up ic. the air. In this country, most people taking care of Beery. Part of the kernel is reprocessed for ani- diabetic patients say there is no role for fractose mal feed, and the inner hard piece or corn germ The work rieeds to be expanded." is pressed for oil, he explained. What's left is In addition to the claira that fructoce may starch that can be processed into traditional corn prove beneficial to diabetics, it is also ciaimed syrups like Karo or cornstarch like Argo. that fructose helps people stay on diets. Then This starch can also be turned into high-fruc- you consume a cookie," said Beery, your blood tose corn sweetener by using enzymes to convert sugar goes very high. Instead of dropping back the starch through glucose to fructose. "We say down to a normal range, it drops below and you it's a natural product because it is made with en- feel hungry. So you eat a piece of candy and go zymes that would be typical of the enzymes that through the cycle again. With fructose. accord- are in our body,' Beery said. ing to the theory, because you don't experience Because the U.S. corn crop is traditionally the low blood sugar level and thus the signal that abundant, high-fructose corn sweeteners can be you are hungry, you don't eat that extra candy. less expensive than sucrose, whose price fluctu- Hence, the development of fructose tablets. ates on the world market; currently one of the "Fructose does not make you lose weight, but it forms of the fructose sweetener is selling for 20 does help minimize the number of bunger pains per cent less than conventional sucrose, accord- you will get," said Bruce Samian, president of ing to Beery. Batter-Lite Foods, which developed the tablets. Shasta was originally interested in fructose The 100 calories you get from the fructose teblet because it was cheaper, but the beverage com- is minimal compared to the 600 or 700 calories pany decided to replace sucrose entirely with you would consume when your blood suga: level fructose after deciding the latter tasted better, bottoms out, he theorized. The docter and re- said Cecil Lowry of Shasta Beverages Inc. Be- searcher said, however, that he has not sent an cause fructose is sweeter than sucrose, less is excellent study to document that claim and that needed, resulting in an average 10 to 12 per cent he believes it is still a big question. reduction in calories, he added. "It also provides The claim that appears least controversial in- an alternative to ordinary sugar that a lot of volves dental caries. An extensive two-year people don't feel so good about," Lowry said. study showed that caries formation was de- While the fructose alternative is similar to creased by 25 per cent in a group with a frectose- the ordinary sucrose-both provide only calories containing diet (38 subjects) as compared with a and no vitamins or minerals-fructose is metab- sucrese diet in 52 subjects, according to a paper olized differently in the body. And it is this dif- published in the journal Diabetes Care. In nor- ference that has led to the development of tab- mal man, a four-day fructose diet decreases the lets and weight reduction schemes. plaque formation by 30 per cent compared with Before it can be used by the body, sucrose an equicalorie sucrose diet, according to the pa- must be broken down into glucose and fructose. per. Source: https://www.industrydócuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ykpj0226 Shasta BEVERAGES ACONSOLIDATED FOODS COMPANYRESPONSIVE TO CONSUMER NEEDS EXECUTIVE OFFICES SHASTA'S NEW NUTRITIVE SWEETENER F RUCTOSE 5 5 HIGH FRUCTOSE CORN SWEETENER FRUCTOSE 55 IS A NEW SECOND GENERATION HIGH FRUCTOSE SYRUP. ITS HIGH SWEETNESS VALUE MAKES IT DESIRABLE AS A TOTAL REPLACEMENT FOR ORDINARY REFINED SUGAR IN ALL REGULAR SHASTA PRODUCTS. CHARACTERISTICS: APPEARANCE WATER-WHITE TASTE CLEAN SWEET RELATIVE SWEETNESS SWEETER THAN SUGAR CARBCHYDRATE COMPOSITION (DRY BASIS) FRUCTOSE - % 55 DEXTROSE (GLUCOSE) - % 42 SUGAR (SUCROSE) - % 0 HIGHER SACCHARIDES - % 3 THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS CORRECT TO THE BEST OF OUR KNOWLEDGE. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Cecil B. Lowry Vice President, Science/Technology 26901 Industrial Boulevard Hayward, California 94545 JULY, 1979 Shasta says good-bye to sugar, & 24 brintsslinall-fructose 2970 sue FOOD ENGINEERING September 1979 Diet Shass Cois Shasta has reformulated its line of regular softdrinks, totally replacing sugar with high- fructose corn syrup. The result is slightly fewer calories and a "less syrupy" taste. The company will continue to market its line of saccharin-sweetenec diet softdrinks. "syrupy" taste often associated with High-fructose corn sweeteners softdrinks-from cola to collins mix- ordinary sugar. have been playing an increasingly er-in its full line of package choices. Still another benefit to consumers, significant role in the softdrink in- says ompany-presiden Robert dustry. That role has taken a giant Why the switch? Jaunich II, is economics. Fructose step forward, recently, with an an- The move to replace ordinary re- not only costs less than ordinary re- nouncement from Shasta Beverages, fined sugar was obviously taken to fined sugar, he says, but the U.S. Inc., Hayward, Calif. ride the current wave of popularity corn market promises a continuing Shasta Beverages has introduced for fructose, as well as to offer con- stable price for fructose sweetener. a reformulated regular softdrink sumers an "alternative," says the "Therefore," says Jaunich, "sky- line-using high-fructose corn syrup company. However, the switch to rocketing softdrink prices based on (hfcs) to totally replace ordinary re- fructose also offers consumers a few inflated foreign sugar prices, such as fined sugar. This marks the first time additional incentives. those incurred in 1974, wiil no longer a major softdrink company has total- An immediate attraction, says be a threat in the future." fy eliminated the use of ordinary sug- Lowry, is that the Iructose-sweetened The switch to fructose also signals ar in its entire line of regular (non- softdrinks have a 10-12% reduction the beginning of a compiete reposi- diet type) softdrinks, says the com- in calories, which has been verified tioning for the entire company, con- pany. Shasta will continue, however, by an independent certified testing cludes Jaunich. "With the total elimi- to market its line of saccharin-sweet- laboratory. nation of ordinary sugar from our ened diet softdrinks. Also, says Lowry, the "new" regular line of products, our re- The move to fructose, explains Ce- Shasta tastes better than the "old" search and development will be ori- cil Lowry, vice-president, science Shasta. This is because the fructose ented to making products that con- and technology, includes 18 flavors sweetener complements the natural sumers feel better about drinking," of the company's regular sweetened fruit flavors, eliminating the typical he said. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ykpj0226 Calorie, Nutrient and Ingredient Content of Major National Brands of Soft Drinks Per Fluid Ounce¹ 1,2,3 (This information was prepared in December 1986 and represents values current as of this date.) Carbo- Total hydrates Sugars4 Sodium5 Potassium5 Phosphorus Caffeine Saccharin6 Aspartame6 Flavor Types Calories (grams) (grams) (mg) (mg) (mg) (mg) (mg) (mg) Regular 1) Cola or Pepper 12-14 3.1-3.4 3.1-3.4 0-2.3 0- 1.5 3.3-6.2 2.5-3.8 0 0 2) Decaffeinated Cola or Pepper 12-14 3.1-3.4 3.1-3.4 0-2.3 0- 1.5 3.3-6.2 0-0.015 0 0 3) Cherry Cola 12-13 3.0-3.3 3.0-3.3 0-1.2 0- 1.0 3.9-4.5 3.0-3.8 0 0 4) Lemon-Lime (clear) 11-13 3.0-3.5 3.0-3.5 2.5-4.6 0- 0.3 0-0.1 0 0 0 5) Orange 14-16 3.4-4.2 3.4-4.1 1.1-3.5 0- 1.4 0-5.0 0 0 0 6) Other Citrus 10-15 2.5-3.8 2.5-3.8 0.8-4.1 0-10.0 0-0.1 0-5.3 0 0 7) Root Beer 12-15 3.1-3.9 3.1-3.9 0.3-5.1 0- 1.6 0-1.6 0 0 0 8) Ginger Ale 10-12 2.6-3.0 2.6-3.0 0-2.3 0- 0.3 0-trace 0 0 0 9) Tonic Water 10-11 2.6-2.8 2.6-2.8 0-0.8 0- 0.3 0-trace 0 0 0 10) Other Regular 11-16 3.0-4.5 3.0-4.5 0-3.5 0- 2.0 0-7.8 0-3.6 0 0 11) Juice Added7 12-16 3.0-4.2 3.0-4.2 0-1.8 2.5-10.0 0-6.2 0-<0.04 0 0 Diet 1) Diet Cola or Pepper <1 0-0.1 0 0-5.2 0- 5.0 2.1-4.7 0-4.9 0-12.0 0-16.0 2) Decaffeinated Diet Cola or Pepper <1 0-0.1 0 0-6.0 0-10.0 2.1-4.7 0-0.015 0-12.0 0-16.0 3) Diet Cherry Cola <1 0-<<0.04 0-trace 0-0.6 1.5- 5.0 2.3-3.4 0-3.8 0 15.0-15.6 4) Diet Lemon-Lime <1 0-0.1 0 0-7.9 0- 6.9 0-trace 0 0- 6.7 0-16.0 5) Diet Root Beer <1 0-0.4 0 3.3-8.5 0- 1.3 0-1.6 0 0-12.0 0-17.5 6) Other Diets <3 0-1.5 0-1.5 0-8.0 0.3-10.0 0-trace 0-5.8 0-12.0 0-17.0 7) Club Soda, Seltzer, and Sparkling Water 0 0 0 0-8.1 0- 0.5 0-0.1 0 0 0 8) Diet Juice Added7 <3 0.1-0.5 0.1-0.5 0-1.8 0- 9.0 0-5.0 0-<<0.04 o 11.4-16.0 1A single serving of a soft drink consists of six tion labeling for such drinks identify the 5Sodium and potassium values do not include fluid ounces. nutrients present and their amounts. the levels contributed by water which will "These products generally contain no signifi- 3The entries in the Calories column have been vary depending on geographic location and cant amounts of protein, fat, fiber, or vita- rounded to the nearest Calorie. Two of the season. Most soft drinks are "very low" in mins. The small amounts of minerals (cal- entries under "caffeine" have been rounded to sodium (35 mg or less per serving) and some cium, iron, and magnesium) and trace ele- the nearest 0.001 mg. All other values have are "sodium free" (5 mg or less per serving). ments (copper, manganese, zinc, and fluoride) been rounded to the nearest 0.1 or 0.01 of a 6A majority of diet soft drinks are sweetened which may be naturally present will vary unit. solely with aspartame but certain others are depending on the local water supply. However, 4Regular (other than diet) soft drinks are sweetened solely with saccharin or with a some soft drinks now contain added vitamins sweetened with cane or beet sugar, high fruc- blend of saccharin and aspartame. The sweet- (C, niacin, B6, B12, biotin, pantothenic acid, tose corn syrups or blends of these sweeteners. ener(s) present in a particular soft drink can and folic acid), added calcium, and/or In the finished product these sugars result in be determined from the ingredient statement increased levels of potassium (from added a mixture of sucrose and/or fructose and glu- appearing on the soft drink container. juice). The ingredient statements and nutri- cose. 7The amount of fruit juices added varies from 10 to 25 percent. Source: :ttps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ykpj0226

what is the percentage reduction in calories in the fructose sweetened soft drinks?

ykpj0226

ykpj0226_p7, ykpj0226_p8, ykpj0226_p9, ykpj0226_p10, ykpj0226_p11

10-12%

Shasta BEVERAGES ACONSOLIDATED FOODS COMPANY . RESPONSIVE TO CONSUMER NEEDS EXECUTIVE OFFICES TABLE OF BEVERAGE COMPOSITION THE FOLLOWING NUTRITIONAL VALUES ARE TYPICAL OF SHASTA SOFT DRINKS PER 12 FLUID OUNCES NEW DIET SHASTA REGULAR SHASTA WATER (%) 99.6 87.3-91.3 CALORIES * (1) 99-172 *(1) CARBOHYDRATE: Total (GM) *(1) 27-47 *(1) Non-reducing (GM) *(1) *(2) Reducing (GM) *(1) Fiber (GM) 0.0 *(3) TRACE PROTEIN (GM) 0.0 0.0 FAT (GM) 0.0 0.0 ASH (GM) 0.0 TRACE CALCIUM (MG) 8.52-12.1 8.52-10.6 PHOSPHORUS (MG) 2.0 -55.5 TRACE-38.8 IRON (PPM) 0.2 0.2 SODIUM (MG) 44.4-67.0 6.74-55.0 POTASSIUM (MG) 7.31-17.7 1.06-9.58 STANNOUS (PPM) 8-10 0.0 MAGNESIUM (MG) 0.03-2.0 0.2-1.8 VITAMIN A (1.0.) 0.0 TRACE THIAMIN (MG) 0.0 TRACE RIBOFLAVIN (MG) 0.0 TRACE NIACIN (MG) 0.0 TRACE SACCHARIN (MG) 108.0 0.0 CAFFEINE (MG) 44.0 Cola Only 44.0 Cola Only ALL Beverages presumed to be essentially free of Cholesterol, Saturated Fatty Acid, and Unsaturated Fatty Acid. *(1) Refer to Calorie and Carbohydrate Table for values by flavor. *(2) Dashes denote lack of data for constituent believed to be present. *(3) Zero indicates that a constituent is none or too small to measure. October, 1979 lecil Science/Technology fanny Naturally Ffruit sugar* finding mew ascueptance NEWSDAY as a sucrose alternative Garden City, NJ August 29, 1979 When you bite into an apple, most of its sweetness will come from fructose, a simple su- Glucose enters the bloodstream rapidly and insu- gar that has earned the nickname fruit sugar. lin must be produced for it to be metabolized. Lately, though, you can get the sweet taste of Fructose, on the other hand, is metabolized slow- fructose in Smuckers jams, Sara Lee desserts or ly over a much longer period of time, and a Shasta soft drinks. smaller amount of insulin is required. The fruit sugar is also being used in ketchup, Because the metabolism of fructose is not as canned fruits, salad dressing, pancake syrup and dependent on insulin as that of glucose, re- ice cream as an alternative to sucrose or table searchers have looked to fructose as 8 possible sugar. Fructose is even turning up in tablets and sweetener for diabetics. However, in a special re- is being touted as the latest way to lose weight. port to the Food and Drug Administration, a sci- While a molecule of fructose is very similar entific panel concluded that there are insuffi- to a molecule of glucose-the two combine to cient data to determine if fructose or any other form sucrose-it is sweeter than both of them. carbohydrate has beneficial properties for the "Traditionally, sucrose is given a sweetness val- long-term dietary management of diabetes. The ue of 1," said Ken Beery of ADM Corn Sweeten- panel did note that the use of fructose is accepted ers. "Dextrose {another name for glucose] is by reputable European diabetologists. about 0.7, honey around 1.2 and fructose normal- According to one FDA scientist, the conclu- ly about 1.5 to 1.8." sion of the report "doesn't say there's sometning bad with the substance. We don't know what ef- Until recently, when the technology of pro- ducing the sugar from corn was improved, fruc- fect, if any, the substance may have. in the ab- tose was not widely available as a sweetener. sence of information, I'm extremely reluccant to "We start with the entire corn kernel, the same say, go ahead." A doctor and researcher in the we would be feeding to cattle or hogs," said area said, "The whole fructose story is up ic. the air. In this country, most people taking care of Beery. Part of the kernel is reprocessed for ani- diabetic patients say there is no role for fractose mal feed, and the inner hard piece or corn germ The work rieeds to be expanded." is pressed for oil, he explained. What's left is In addition to the claira that fructoce may starch that can be processed into traditional corn prove beneficial to diabetics, it is also ciaimed syrups like Karo or cornstarch like Argo. that fructose helps people stay on diets. Then This starch can also be turned into high-fruc- you consume a cookie," said Beery, your blood tose corn sweetener by using enzymes to convert sugar goes very high. Instead of dropping back the starch through glucose to fructose. "We say down to a normal range, it drops below and you it's a natural product because it is made with en- feel hungry. So you eat a piece of candy and go zymes that would be typical of the enzymes that through the cycle again. With fructose. accord- are in our body,' Beery said. ing to the theory, because you don't experience Because the U.S. corn crop is traditionally the low blood sugar level and thus the signal that abundant, high-fructose corn sweeteners can be you are hungry, you don't eat that extra candy. less expensive than sucrose, whose price fluctu- Hence, the development of fructose tablets. ates on the world market; currently one of the "Fructose does not make you lose weight, but it forms of the fructose sweetener is selling for 20 does help minimize the number of bunger pains per cent less than conventional sucrose, accord- you will get," said Bruce Samian, president of ing to Beery. Batter-Lite Foods, which developed the tablets. Shasta was originally interested in fructose The 100 calories you get from the fructose teblet because it was cheaper, but the beverage com- is minimal compared to the 600 or 700 calories pany decided to replace sucrose entirely with you would consume when your blood suga: level fructose after deciding the latter tasted better, bottoms out, he theorized. The docter and re- said Cecil Lowry of Shasta Beverages Inc. Be- searcher said, however, that he has not sent an cause fructose is sweeter than sucrose, less is excellent study to document that claim and that needed, resulting in an average 10 to 12 per cent he believes it is still a big question. reduction in calories, he added. "It also provides The claim that appears least controversial in- an alternative to ordinary sugar that a lot of volves dental caries. An extensive two-year people don't feel so good about," Lowry said. study showed that caries formation was de- While the fructose alternative is similar to creased by 25 per cent in a group with a frectose- the ordinary sucrose-both provide only calories containing diet (38 subjects) as compared with a and no vitamins or minerals-fructose is metab- sucrese diet in 52 subjects, according to a paper olized differently in the body. And it is this dif- published in the journal Diabetes Care. In nor- ference that has led to the development of tab- mal man, a four-day fructose diet decreases the lets and weight reduction schemes. plaque formation by 30 per cent compared with Before it can be used by the body, sucrose an equicalorie sucrose diet, according to the pa- must be broken down into glucose and fructose. per. Source: https://www.industrydócuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ykpj0226 Shasta BEVERAGES ACONSOLIDATED FOODS COMPANYRESPONSIVE TO CONSUMER NEEDS EXECUTIVE OFFICES SHASTA'S NEW NUTRITIVE SWEETENER F RUCTOSE 5 5 HIGH FRUCTOSE CORN SWEETENER FRUCTOSE 55 IS A NEW SECOND GENERATION HIGH FRUCTOSE SYRUP. ITS HIGH SWEETNESS VALUE MAKES IT DESIRABLE AS A TOTAL REPLACEMENT FOR ORDINARY REFINED SUGAR IN ALL REGULAR SHASTA PRODUCTS. CHARACTERISTICS: APPEARANCE WATER-WHITE TASTE CLEAN SWEET RELATIVE SWEETNESS SWEETER THAN SUGAR CARBCHYDRATE COMPOSITION (DRY BASIS) FRUCTOSE - % 55 DEXTROSE (GLUCOSE) - % 42 SUGAR (SUCROSE) - % 0 HIGHER SACCHARIDES - % 3 THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS CORRECT TO THE BEST OF OUR KNOWLEDGE. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Cecil B. Lowry Vice President, Science/Technology 26901 Industrial Boulevard Hayward, California 94545 JULY, 1979 Shasta says good-bye to sugar, & 24 brintsslinall-fructose 2970 sue FOOD ENGINEERING September 1979 Diet Shass Cois Shasta has reformulated its line of regular softdrinks, totally replacing sugar with high- fructose corn syrup. The result is slightly fewer calories and a "less syrupy" taste. The company will continue to market its line of saccharin-sweetenec diet softdrinks. "syrupy" taste often associated with High-fructose corn sweeteners softdrinks-from cola to collins mix- ordinary sugar. have been playing an increasingly er-in its full line of package choices. Still another benefit to consumers, significant role in the softdrink in- says ompany-presiden Robert dustry. That role has taken a giant Why the switch? Jaunich II, is economics. Fructose step forward, recently, with an an- The move to replace ordinary re- not only costs less than ordinary re- nouncement from Shasta Beverages, fined sugar was obviously taken to fined sugar, he says, but the U.S. Inc., Hayward, Calif. ride the current wave of popularity corn market promises a continuing Shasta Beverages has introduced for fructose, as well as to offer con- stable price for fructose sweetener. a reformulated regular softdrink sumers an "alternative," says the "Therefore," says Jaunich, "sky- line-using high-fructose corn syrup company. However, the switch to rocketing softdrink prices based on (hfcs) to totally replace ordinary re- fructose also offers consumers a few inflated foreign sugar prices, such as fined sugar. This marks the first time additional incentives. those incurred in 1974, wiil no longer a major softdrink company has total- An immediate attraction, says be a threat in the future." fy eliminated the use of ordinary sug- Lowry, is that the Iructose-sweetened The switch to fructose also signals ar in its entire line of regular (non- softdrinks have a 10-12% reduction the beginning of a compiete reposi- diet type) softdrinks, says the com- in calories, which has been verified tioning for the entire company, con- pany. Shasta will continue, however, by an independent certified testing cludes Jaunich. "With the total elimi- to market its line of saccharin-sweet- laboratory. nation of ordinary sugar from our ened diet softdrinks. Also, says Lowry, the "new" regular line of products, our re- The move to fructose, explains Ce- Shasta tastes better than the "old" search and development will be ori- cil Lowry, vice-president, science Shasta. This is because the fructose ented to making products that con- and technology, includes 18 flavors sweetener complements the natural sumers feel better about drinking," of the company's regular sweetened fruit flavors, eliminating the typical he said. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ykpj0226 Calorie, Nutrient and Ingredient Content of Major National Brands of Soft Drinks Per Fluid Ounce¹ 1,2,3 (This information was prepared in December 1986 and represents values current as of this date.) Carbo- Total hydrates Sugars4 Sodium5 Potassium5 Phosphorus Caffeine Saccharin6 Aspartame6 Flavor Types Calories (grams) (grams) (mg) (mg) (mg) (mg) (mg) (mg) Regular 1) Cola or Pepper 12-14 3.1-3.4 3.1-3.4 0-2.3 0- 1.5 3.3-6.2 2.5-3.8 0 0 2) Decaffeinated Cola or Pepper 12-14 3.1-3.4 3.1-3.4 0-2.3 0- 1.5 3.3-6.2 0-0.015 0 0 3) Cherry Cola 12-13 3.0-3.3 3.0-3.3 0-1.2 0- 1.0 3.9-4.5 3.0-3.8 0 0 4) Lemon-Lime (clear) 11-13 3.0-3.5 3.0-3.5 2.5-4.6 0- 0.3 0-0.1 0 0 0 5) Orange 14-16 3.4-4.2 3.4-4.1 1.1-3.5 0- 1.4 0-5.0 0 0 0 6) Other Citrus 10-15 2.5-3.8 2.5-3.8 0.8-4.1 0-10.0 0-0.1 0-5.3 0 0 7) Root Beer 12-15 3.1-3.9 3.1-3.9 0.3-5.1 0- 1.6 0-1.6 0 0 0 8) Ginger Ale 10-12 2.6-3.0 2.6-3.0 0-2.3 0- 0.3 0-trace 0 0 0 9) Tonic Water 10-11 2.6-2.8 2.6-2.8 0-0.8 0- 0.3 0-trace 0 0 0 10) Other Regular 11-16 3.0-4.5 3.0-4.5 0-3.5 0- 2.0 0-7.8 0-3.6 0 0 11) Juice Added7 12-16 3.0-4.2 3.0-4.2 0-1.8 2.5-10.0 0-6.2 0-<0.04 0 0 Diet 1) Diet Cola or Pepper <1 0-0.1 0 0-5.2 0- 5.0 2.1-4.7 0-4.9 0-12.0 0-16.0 2) Decaffeinated Diet Cola or Pepper <1 0-0.1 0 0-6.0 0-10.0 2.1-4.7 0-0.015 0-12.0 0-16.0 3) Diet Cherry Cola <1 0-<<0.04 0-trace 0-0.6 1.5- 5.0 2.3-3.4 0-3.8 0 15.0-15.6 4) Diet Lemon-Lime <1 0-0.1 0 0-7.9 0- 6.9 0-trace 0 0- 6.7 0-16.0 5) Diet Root Beer <1 0-0.4 0 3.3-8.5 0- 1.3 0-1.6 0 0-12.0 0-17.5 6) Other Diets <3 0-1.5 0-1.5 0-8.0 0.3-10.0 0-trace 0-5.8 0-12.0 0-17.0 7) Club Soda, Seltzer, and Sparkling Water 0 0 0 0-8.1 0- 0.5 0-0.1 0 0 0 8) Diet Juice Added7 <3 0.1-0.5 0.1-0.5 0-1.8 0- 9.0 0-5.0 0-<<0.04 o 11.4-16.0 1A single serving of a soft drink consists of six tion labeling for such drinks identify the 5Sodium and potassium values do not include fluid ounces. nutrients present and their amounts. the levels contributed by water which will "These products generally contain no signifi- 3The entries in the Calories column have been vary depending on geographic location and cant amounts of protein, fat, fiber, or vita- rounded to the nearest Calorie. Two of the season. Most soft drinks are "very low" in mins. The small amounts of minerals (cal- entries under "caffeine" have been rounded to sodium (35 mg or less per serving) and some cium, iron, and magnesium) and trace ele- the nearest 0.001 mg. All other values have are "sodium free" (5 mg or less per serving). ments (copper, manganese, zinc, and fluoride) been rounded to the nearest 0.1 or 0.01 of a 6A majority of diet soft drinks are sweetened which may be naturally present will vary unit. solely with aspartame but certain others are depending on the local water supply. However, 4Regular (other than diet) soft drinks are sweetened solely with saccharin or with a some soft drinks now contain added vitamins sweetened with cane or beet sugar, high fruc- blend of saccharin and aspartame. The sweet- (C, niacin, B6, B12, biotin, pantothenic acid, tose corn syrups or blends of these sweeteners. ener(s) present in a particular soft drink can and folic acid), added calcium, and/or In the finished product these sugars result in be determined from the ingredient statement increased levels of potassium (from added a mixture of sucrose and/or fructose and glu- appearing on the soft drink container. juice). The ingredient statements and nutri- cose. 7The amount of fruit juices added varies from 10 to 25 percent. Source: :ttps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ykpj0226

What is the average calories decreased over the past decade in the United States?

jxpj0226

jxpj0226_p4, jxpj0226_p5, jxpj0226_p6, jxpj0226_p7, jxpj0226_p8

11%

The CocaCola Company sweetened with stevia and other natural sweeteners help meet the preference of those who want lower-calorie beverages that use sweeteners from natural origins. Our Global Beverage Portfolio - Innovation In 2011, we launched more than 500 new products globally, including portion-controlled options for regular calorie beverages and more than 100 low- and no-calorie beverages, approximately one-fifth of all new product launches. We continue to increase the fortified products we offer and have products with added vitamins, minerals and other beneficial ingredients. Some examples include: - Minute Maid Antiox - Contains antioxidants from fruits (Spain) - Minute Maid Kids+ - Orange juice with essential nutrients for children, including vitamins A, C, D, E and calcium (USA) - Minute Maid NutriBoost - Dairy and juice drink fortified with essential nutrients (Thailand and Vietnam) - Minute Maid Pulpy Super Milky - Fortified with whey protein and contains fruit bits (China) - NutriJuice - Fortified with four vitamins and minerals focused on providing iron to children with iron deficiencies (Philippines) Our Global Beverage Portfolio - Calories Total Portfolio Since 2000, our average calories per serving have decreased by 9% globally. Nearly one-quarter of our global volume is low- and no-calorie. More than one-third of incremental volume growth over the last 15 years has been in low- and no-calorie beverages. Sparkling Portfolio Fourteen percent (14%) of our global sparkling volume is in low- and no-calorie beverages. Fifteen percent (15%) of our incremental sparkling volume growth over the last 15 years has been in low-and no-calorie beverages. Eighteen percent (18%) of our global Coca-Cola trademark volume is low- and no-calorie. For each of our key global sparkling brands, there exists a low- or no-calorie version. (Note: "key" is defined as trademarks that cumulatively represent 95% of TCCC volume; "global" is defined as those brands that are manufactured in 2 or more operating groups. These products are not available in all retail outlets.) Eurasia Africa Beverage Portfolio - Calories Total Portfolio November 2012 Page I 5 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/jxpj0226 The CocaCola Company Fifteen percent (15%) of our volume in Eurasia Africa is low- or no-calorie. Twenty percent (20%) of our incremental volume growth over the last 15 years has been in low- and no-calorie beverages. Sparkling Portfolio Four percent (4%) of our sparkling volume in Eurasia Africa is low- and no-calorie. In Eurasia Africa, 4% of our incremental sparkling volume growth over the last 15 years has been in low- and no-calorie. Five percent (5%) of our Coca-Cola trademark volume in Eurasia Africa is low-and no-calorie. Europe Beverage Portfolio - Calories Total Portfolio Thirty percent (30%) of our volume in Europe is low- and no-calorie. In Europe, nearly 59% of our incremental volume growth over the last 15 years has been in low- and no-calorie beverages. Sparkling Portfolio Twenty-two percent (22%) of our sparkling volume in Europe is low- and no-calorie. In Europe, more than half of our incremental sparkling volume growth over the last 15 years has been in low- and no-calorie beverages. Twenty-six percent (26%) of our Coca-Cola trademark volume in Europe is low- and no-calorie. In 1999, 17% of the Coca-Cola trademark volume in Europe was low- and no-calorie. In 1980, 0% of our Coca-Cola trademark volume in Europe was low- and no-calorie. Latin America Beverage Portfolio - Calories Total Portfolio Eighteen percent (18%) of our volume in Latin America is low- and no-calorie. In Latin America, nearly 29% of our incremental volume growth over the last 15 years has been in low- and no-calorie beverages. Sparkling Portfolio Six percent (6%) of our sparkling volume in Latin America is low- and no-calorie. In Latin America, 9% of our incremental sparkling volume growth over the last 15 years has been in low- and no-calorie beverages. Seven percent (7%) of our Coca-Cola trademark volume in Latin America is low- and no-calorie. November 2012 Page I 6 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/jxpj0226 The Cica Cola Company North America Beverage Portfolio - Calories Total Portfolio Over the past decade, our average calories per serving has decreased nearly 11% in the United States. Nearly one-third of our volume in North America is low- and no-calorie. In North America, 53% of our incremental volume growth over the last 15 years has been in low- and no-calorie beverages. Sparkling Portfolio Nearly one-third of our sparkling volume in North America is low and no-calorie. In North America, all of our incremental sparkling volume growth over the last 15 years has been in low- and no-calorie beverages. In 2011, Coca-Cola Zero delivered double-digit volume growth for the fifth consecutive year in North America. When Diet Coke was introduced in the United States in 1982, 1% of our servings sold were low- and no-calorie. In 1999, 32% of our Coca-Cola trademark volume in North America was low- and no-calorie. Today, 41% of our Coca-Cola trademark volume in North America is low- and no- calorie. Additional Facts Between 2000 and 2010, the number of calories Americans consumed from caloric sweeteners, such as sucrose and HFCS, declined by more than 11%. Pacific Beverage Portfolio - Calories Total Portfolio Twenty-two percent (22%) of our volume in the Pacific is low- and no-calorie. In the Pacific, nearly 34% of our incremental volume growth over the last 15 years has been in low-and no-calorie beverages. Sparkling Portfolio Six percent (6%) of our sparkling volume in the Pacific is low- and no-calorie. In the Pacific, 9% of our incremental sparkling volume growth over the last 15 years has been in low-and no-calorie beverages. Eleven percent (11%) of our Coca-Cola trademark volume in the Pacific is low- and no-calorie. November 2012 Page I 7 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/jxpj0226 The Coca Cola Company Global Responsible Marketing Commitments and Related Facts Responsible Marketing Policy We have a Responsible Marketing Policy that covers all our beverages, and we do not market any products directly to children under 12. This means we will not buy advertising directly targeted at audiences that are more than 35% children under 12. Our policy applies to television, radio, print, and, where data is available, to the Internet and mobile phones. Global School Beverage Guidelines Honoring the rights of parents and caregivers to make choices for their children is the cornerstone of our responsible marketing practices. We believe in commercial-free classrooms for children and respect the decisions by parents and schools around what beverages are made available. For several years, we have had voluntary, industry school beverage guidelines in Europe, the United States, Canada, New Zealand and Australia. In 2010, we developed The Coca-Cola Company Global School Beverage Guidelines, which guide our practices across the more than 200 countries where our products are consumed. We will not offer our beverages in primary schools unless asked by parents, caregivers or school authorities to meet hydration needs. In secondary schools, we will offer a range of beverages (including water, juices and other beverages in both regular and low-calorie/calorie-free versions). We will provide fact-based nutrition information to promote informed choice and will make every effort to ensure that vending and cooling equipment is accompanied by messages promoting active and balanced lifestyles. Global Active Healthy Living (Energy Balance) and Nutrition Education All over the world, our consumers are telling us they care about their health, and we care too. We take seriously that people want a wide variety of beverages and packages to meet their needs for refreshment, enjoyment, nutrition and hydration. That's why we work so hard to provide a variety of products for every lifestyle and occasion. And, it's why we take a three- pronged approach to educating people on the importance of energy balance, providing variety in our products and package sizes and encouraging active, healthy lifestyles that include a sensible, balanced diet and regular physical activity. We believe in the importance and power of informed choice', and continue to support fact- based nutrition labeling and education and initiatives that encourage people to live active, healthy lifestyles. In 2007, TCCC became the first founding partner of Exercise is Medicine (EIM) and is the first founding partner of the EIM Global Initiative. There are currently more than 30 countries with EIM programs. (http://www.exerciseismedicine.org/index.htm) To support globalization of the EIM initiative, five regional centers were launched in 2010 and 2011: Colombia (Latin American region), Germany (European region), South Africa (African region), Singapore (Southeast Asian region), and Australia (Australian-Pacific region). In September 2009, we were the first beverage company to commit to front-of-pack energy labeling globally on nearly all our packaging by the end of 2011, and we have met this target. In February 2010, Coca-Cola North America joined the U.S. beverage industry in supporting Mrs. Obama's childhood obesity initiative with a "Clear on Calories" commitment. November 2012 Page I 8 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/jxpj0226 The Cèca Cola Company In addition to our product and packaging innovations, we support more than 280 nutrition education and physical activity initiatives in more than 115 countries. We're committed to have a physical activity program in every country where we operate by 2015. In 2011, we spent approximately $8.5 million on Active, Healthy Living and Health and Wellness programs. We offer beverages with and without calories and are helping to develop workable solutions to address obesity - by partnering with government, academia, health societies and other responsible members of civil society. Notes 1 Sparkling beverages = sparkling soft drinks (sparkling water, juice, tea, coffee and sports drinks are excluded). 2 The term "calorie" is a commonly used term referring to the scientifically-accurate term, "kilocalorie." An alternate measurement, "kilojoule," is used in some countries. Both terms are measurements of the energy provided by a food or beverage and the energy used by the body. 1 kilocalorie = 4.18 kilojoules 1 kilojoule = 0.24 kilocalories 3 For the purpose of compiling this data, "low- and no-calorie" is defined as 0 to 25 calories per 8 fluid oz. (240 mL) serving. 4 Data reported are from The Nielsen Company. Data are not available for all countries and do not include all retail outlets or channels. November 2012 Page I 9 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/jxpj0226

In which year diet coke was introduced in United States?

jxpj0226

jxpj0226_p4, jxpj0226_p5, jxpj0226_p6, jxpj0226_p7, jxpj0226_p8

1982

The CocaCola Company sweetened with stevia and other natural sweeteners help meet the preference of those who want lower-calorie beverages that use sweeteners from natural origins. Our Global Beverage Portfolio - Innovation In 2011, we launched more than 500 new products globally, including portion-controlled options for regular calorie beverages and more than 100 low- and no-calorie beverages, approximately one-fifth of all new product launches. We continue to increase the fortified products we offer and have products with added vitamins, minerals and other beneficial ingredients. Some examples include: - Minute Maid Antiox - Contains antioxidants from fruits (Spain) - Minute Maid Kids+ - Orange juice with essential nutrients for children, including vitamins A, C, D, E and calcium (USA) - Minute Maid NutriBoost - Dairy and juice drink fortified with essential nutrients (Thailand and Vietnam) - Minute Maid Pulpy Super Milky - Fortified with whey protein and contains fruit bits (China) - NutriJuice - Fortified with four vitamins and minerals focused on providing iron to children with iron deficiencies (Philippines) Our Global Beverage Portfolio - Calories Total Portfolio Since 2000, our average calories per serving have decreased by 9% globally. Nearly one-quarter of our global volume is low- and no-calorie. More than one-third of incremental volume growth over the last 15 years has been in low- and no-calorie beverages. Sparkling Portfolio Fourteen percent (14%) of our global sparkling volume is in low- and no-calorie beverages. Fifteen percent (15%) of our incremental sparkling volume growth over the last 15 years has been in low-and no-calorie beverages. Eighteen percent (18%) of our global Coca-Cola trademark volume is low- and no-calorie. For each of our key global sparkling brands, there exists a low- or no-calorie version. (Note: "key" is defined as trademarks that cumulatively represent 95% of TCCC volume; "global" is defined as those brands that are manufactured in 2 or more operating groups. These products are not available in all retail outlets.) Eurasia Africa Beverage Portfolio - Calories Total Portfolio November 2012 Page I 5 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/jxpj0226 The CocaCola Company Fifteen percent (15%) of our volume in Eurasia Africa is low- or no-calorie. Twenty percent (20%) of our incremental volume growth over the last 15 years has been in low- and no-calorie beverages. Sparkling Portfolio Four percent (4%) of our sparkling volume in Eurasia Africa is low- and no-calorie. In Eurasia Africa, 4% of our incremental sparkling volume growth over the last 15 years has been in low- and no-calorie. Five percent (5%) of our Coca-Cola trademark volume in Eurasia Africa is low-and no-calorie. Europe Beverage Portfolio - Calories Total Portfolio Thirty percent (30%) of our volume in Europe is low- and no-calorie. In Europe, nearly 59% of our incremental volume growth over the last 15 years has been in low- and no-calorie beverages. Sparkling Portfolio Twenty-two percent (22%) of our sparkling volume in Europe is low- and no-calorie. In Europe, more than half of our incremental sparkling volume growth over the last 15 years has been in low- and no-calorie beverages. Twenty-six percent (26%) of our Coca-Cola trademark volume in Europe is low- and no-calorie. In 1999, 17% of the Coca-Cola trademark volume in Europe was low- and no-calorie. In 1980, 0% of our Coca-Cola trademark volume in Europe was low- and no-calorie. Latin America Beverage Portfolio - Calories Total Portfolio Eighteen percent (18%) of our volume in Latin America is low- and no-calorie. In Latin America, nearly 29% of our incremental volume growth over the last 15 years has been in low- and no-calorie beverages. Sparkling Portfolio Six percent (6%) of our sparkling volume in Latin America is low- and no-calorie. In Latin America, 9% of our incremental sparkling volume growth over the last 15 years has been in low- and no-calorie beverages. Seven percent (7%) of our Coca-Cola trademark volume in Latin America is low- and no-calorie. November 2012 Page I 6 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/jxpj0226 The Cica Cola Company North America Beverage Portfolio - Calories Total Portfolio Over the past decade, our average calories per serving has decreased nearly 11% in the United States. Nearly one-third of our volume in North America is low- and no-calorie. In North America, 53% of our incremental volume growth over the last 15 years has been in low- and no-calorie beverages. Sparkling Portfolio Nearly one-third of our sparkling volume in North America is low and no-calorie. In North America, all of our incremental sparkling volume growth over the last 15 years has been in low- and no-calorie beverages. In 2011, Coca-Cola Zero delivered double-digit volume growth for the fifth consecutive year in North America. When Diet Coke was introduced in the United States in 1982, 1% of our servings sold were low- and no-calorie. In 1999, 32% of our Coca-Cola trademark volume in North America was low- and no-calorie. Today, 41% of our Coca-Cola trademark volume in North America is low- and no- calorie. Additional Facts Between 2000 and 2010, the number of calories Americans consumed from caloric sweeteners, such as sucrose and HFCS, declined by more than 11%. Pacific Beverage Portfolio - Calories Total Portfolio Twenty-two percent (22%) of our volume in the Pacific is low- and no-calorie. In the Pacific, nearly 34% of our incremental volume growth over the last 15 years has been in low-and no-calorie beverages. Sparkling Portfolio Six percent (6%) of our sparkling volume in the Pacific is low- and no-calorie. In the Pacific, 9% of our incremental sparkling volume growth over the last 15 years has been in low-and no-calorie beverages. Eleven percent (11%) of our Coca-Cola trademark volume in the Pacific is low- and no-calorie. November 2012 Page I 7 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/jxpj0226 The Coca Cola Company Global Responsible Marketing Commitments and Related Facts Responsible Marketing Policy We have a Responsible Marketing Policy that covers all our beverages, and we do not market any products directly to children under 12. This means we will not buy advertising directly targeted at audiences that are more than 35% children under 12. Our policy applies to television, radio, print, and, where data is available, to the Internet and mobile phones. Global School Beverage Guidelines Honoring the rights of parents and caregivers to make choices for their children is the cornerstone of our responsible marketing practices. We believe in commercial-free classrooms for children and respect the decisions by parents and schools around what beverages are made available. For several years, we have had voluntary, industry school beverage guidelines in Europe, the United States, Canada, New Zealand and Australia. In 2010, we developed The Coca-Cola Company Global School Beverage Guidelines, which guide our practices across the more than 200 countries where our products are consumed. We will not offer our beverages in primary schools unless asked by parents, caregivers or school authorities to meet hydration needs. In secondary schools, we will offer a range of beverages (including water, juices and other beverages in both regular and low-calorie/calorie-free versions). We will provide fact-based nutrition information to promote informed choice and will make every effort to ensure that vending and cooling equipment is accompanied by messages promoting active and balanced lifestyles. Global Active Healthy Living (Energy Balance) and Nutrition Education All over the world, our consumers are telling us they care about their health, and we care too. We take seriously that people want a wide variety of beverages and packages to meet their needs for refreshment, enjoyment, nutrition and hydration. That's why we work so hard to provide a variety of products for every lifestyle and occasion. And, it's why we take a three- pronged approach to educating people on the importance of energy balance, providing variety in our products and package sizes and encouraging active, healthy lifestyles that include a sensible, balanced diet and regular physical activity. We believe in the importance and power of informed choice', and continue to support fact- based nutrition labeling and education and initiatives that encourage people to live active, healthy lifestyles. In 2007, TCCC became the first founding partner of Exercise is Medicine (EIM) and is the first founding partner of the EIM Global Initiative. There are currently more than 30 countries with EIM programs. (http://www.exerciseismedicine.org/index.htm) To support globalization of the EIM initiative, five regional centers were launched in 2010 and 2011: Colombia (Latin American region), Germany (European region), South Africa (African region), Singapore (Southeast Asian region), and Australia (Australian-Pacific region). In September 2009, we were the first beverage company to commit to front-of-pack energy labeling globally on nearly all our packaging by the end of 2011, and we have met this target. In February 2010, Coca-Cola North America joined the U.S. beverage industry in supporting Mrs. Obama's childhood obesity initiative with a "Clear on Calories" commitment. November 2012 Page I 8 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/jxpj0226 The Cèca Cola Company In addition to our product and packaging innovations, we support more than 280 nutrition education and physical activity initiatives in more than 115 countries. We're committed to have a physical activity program in every country where we operate by 2015. In 2011, we spent approximately $8.5 million on Active, Healthy Living and Health and Wellness programs. We offer beverages with and without calories and are helping to develop workable solutions to address obesity - by partnering with government, academia, health societies and other responsible members of civil society. Notes 1 Sparkling beverages = sparkling soft drinks (sparkling water, juice, tea, coffee and sports drinks are excluded). 2 The term "calorie" is a commonly used term referring to the scientifically-accurate term, "kilocalorie." An alternate measurement, "kilojoule," is used in some countries. Both terms are measurements of the energy provided by a food or beverage and the energy used by the body. 1 kilocalorie = 4.18 kilojoules 1 kilojoule = 0.24 kilocalories 3 For the purpose of compiling this data, "low- and no-calorie" is defined as 0 to 25 calories per 8 fluid oz. (240 mL) serving. 4 Data reported are from The Nielsen Company. Data are not available for all countries and do not include all retail outlets or channels. November 2012 Page I 9 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/jxpj0226

what is the name of the food institute?

ghpj0226

ghpj0226_p0, ghpj0226_p1, ghpj0226_p2, ghpj0226_p3, ghpj0226_p4, ghpj0226_p5, ghpj0226_p6

American Frozen food Institute, THE AMERICAN FROZEN FOOD INSTITUTE, AFFI

COMMENTS ON BEHALF OF THE AMERICAN FROZEN FOOD INSTITUTE ON H. R. 10358 BEFORE THE HOUSE SUBCOMMITTEE ON HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT by Michael F. Brown and Richard L. Frank July 17, , 1978 Source: ttps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ghpj0226 COMMENTS ON BEHALF OF THE AMERICAN FROZEN FOOD INSTITUTE ON H.R. 10358 BEFORE THE HOUSE SUBCOMMITTEE ON HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT This statement is submitted on behalf of the American Frozen Food Institute ("AFFI"), a national non-profit trade association representing companies that manufacture and distribute frozen food throughout the United States. Included in its more than 400 members are the principal packers, suppliers, and marketers of frozen food products in the United States. AFFI and its members welcome this opportunity to share with the Subcommittee the views of the frozen food industry on this important legislation. In submitting these comments to the House Subcommittee on Health and the Environment, AFFI intends to focus on several areas of particular importance to its members. In essence, AFFI: (1) Supports federal preemption of state labeling require- ments that are in addition to or different from federal requirements; (2) Recommends inclusion of a provision which would limit criminal penalties to violations of the Federal Food Source: :ttps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ghpj0226 - 2 - Drug and Cosmetic Act which are committed knowingly, willfully, or negligently; (3) Opposes broad authority requiring notification of all recalls of adulterated and/or misbranded food; open (4) Supports the food coding provisions of the bill; (5) Supports a modified version of the food distribution records provision which would limit in the statute the time period to two years and would require FDA to demon- strate need prior to obtaining access to their records; (6) Opposes expansion of FDA's record access authority, unless the need for such access is demonstrated on a case by case basis, and supports the provision which requires FDA to establish procedures to assure confiden- tiality of records; (7) Supports food plant registration provisions, and (8) Recommends that the Subcommittee delay consideration of the labeling issues until the conclusion of the FDA/USDA/ FTC cooperative hearings on Food Labeling this summer and early fall. I. FEDERAL PREEMPTION Section 6 of H. R. 10358 would amend the Federal, Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act by adding a new Section 416 which would provide: SEC. 416. (a) Except as provided in subsection (b), no State or political subdivision of a State may establish or continue in effect a labeling requirement applicable to any food which is different from or in addition to any labeling requirement applicable to such food under section 403. Subsection (b) would authorize FDA to grant specific. exemptions to State and local governments which demonstrate that such exemption is (1) required by compelling local conditions and (2) compliance with it would not cause a food to be in violation of a requirement under Section 403. Source: :https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ghpj0226 - 3 - - AFFI strongly supports this proposal to preempt state and/or local requirements which are "different from or in addition to" the federal require- - ments contained in the Act. This gap in Act was recently pointed out by the Supreme Court in Jones V. Rath Packing Co. 430 U.S. 510 (1977). However, instead of the rather limited preemption provision contained in H.R. 103 58 applying only to label information, AFFI urges the Committee to revise proposed Section 416 to bring it into line with the preemption provisions in the Wholesome Meat Act and the Egg Products Inspection Act. AFFI recommends: 416 (a). Labeling, packaging, notice, or ingredient requirements, in addition to or different than those made under this Act or the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act, may not be imposed by any State or local jurisdic- tion with respect to food products regulated under such acts, except as provided in subsection (b) of this section. This revised version of Section 416 of the food surveillance legislation would, in summary, have the following advantages: 1. It would provide certainty and avoid unnecessary litigation concerning Congressional intent. 2. It would establish a uniform approach to preemption for all foods. 3. It would clarify preemption for foods under the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act. 4. It would avoid confusion arising from the overlapping jurisdiction over foods subject to federal regulation. Persons who distribute food in more than one state have an obvious interest that the regulatory structure in different. states be as uniform as possible. Many of AFFI's members distribute throughout the country. As to subjects regulated by federal statutes, uniformity among the states may be achieved through inclusion of preemptive language in the federal statute. Source: https://www.industrydocuments,ucsf.edu/docs/ghpj0226 - -4 - Even where a federal statute includes no explicit preemptive language, it will, nevertheless, preempt state statutes and regulations so inconsistent as to constitute a significant burden on interstate commerce. The Supreme Court's recent decision in Jones v. Rath Packing Co. , 430 U.S. 519 (1977), interprets the preemption provisions of three federal statutes involving food regulation; the Wholesome Meat Act, the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, and the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act. The Court's opinion provides valuable guidance as to the effect given the wording of statutory provisions relating to uniformity of federal and state requirements applicable to products distributed in interstate commerce. Section 408 of the Wholesome Meat Act prohibits a state from imposing "marking, labeling, packaging, or ingredient requirements in addition to, or different than, those made under the Act.' In Rath Packing, the Supreme Court held that the California misbranding regulations as applied to Rath's bacon, which made no allowance for loss of weight resulting from moisture loss during the course o: good distribution practice was "different than" the federal requirement, which permits such variations. Even the dissenters agreed that the California require- - ments were "preempted by the express preemptive provision of the Wholesome Meat Act. The preemptive provision of the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act prohibits state laws "which are less stringent than or require information different from the requirement of" Section 4 of that Act. The Supreme Court held that "the meaning Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ghpj0226 - 5 - of the statutory preemption of laws that require 'information different from' the federal net weight labeling provisions, like the meaning of the phrase 'less stringent, is unclear. " The Court then noted that the legislative history sug- gests a Congressional intent to preempt only state laws which impose requirements "inconsistent with those imposed by federal law.' On this basis, the Court held that the California regulation failing to provide for varia- tion by reason of moisture loss was not preempted under this language. The Supreme Court did find preemption, however, under the Fair Pack- aging and Labeling Act when it held that the California requirements would frustrate Congressional policy underlying the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act. The Court found that "a major purpose of the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act is to facilitate value CO mparisons among similar products, and concluded: This goal cannot be accomplished unless packages that bear the same indicated weight in fact contain the same quantity of product for which the consumer is paying. 430 U.S. at 531. The Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act contains no preemptive language. The Supreme Court opinion in Jones V, Rath Packing Co. includes no holding or dictum relating to preemption under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. On the basis of the Supreme Court's opinion, the language of Section 416 of H.R. 10358 would appear to be somewhere between the relative certainty and effectiveness of the Wholesome Meat Act's preemption provision and the ambiguity and ineffectiveness of that in the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act. Section 416 does not include the ambiguous reference of the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act to "less stringent" requirements, but it does purport to Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ghpj0226 -6- - supersede state laws which "require information which is different from" information required under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. This wording is quite close to the language in the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act (state laws which "require information different from") which the Supreme Court found to be "unclear, and which it interpreted on the basis of the legislative history to mean "inconsistent with. " In addition to the Wholesome Meat Act, two other federal food regulations .preempt "additional" or "different" state and/or local requirements. The preemption provision of the Poultry Products Inspection Act is virtually identical to Section 408 of the Wholesome Meat Act. 21 U.S.C. Section 467e. The Egg Products Inspection Act likewise provides for uniformity nearly as exten- sive as the meat and poultry statutes. AFFI believes proposed Section 416 (a) should be amended to bring it into line with the preemption language which the Supreme Court found clear and explicit in the Wholesome Meat Act. The use of language similar to that in the Wholesome Meat Act in proposed Section 416(a) would provide a high degree of certainty as to the effectiveness of preemption, would remove the ambiguity created by the proposed language, and would avoid the need for unnecessary and costly litigation to resolve questions as to the Congressional intent. It would also assure uniformity of regulation with respect to all food distributed in interstate commerce, and would give effect to the clear Congressional policy of avoiding 1 conflicting regulation of products labeled and shipped for national distribution. 1 This policy is clearly reflected in the Wholesome Meat Act, 21 U. S. C. Section 678; Egg Products Inspection Act, 21 U.S.C. Section 1052; the device amendments to the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, 21 U.S. C. Section 360k; the Federal Environmental Pesticide Control Act, 15 U.S.C C. Section 136v; the Poison Prevention Packaging Act, 15 U.S. C. Section 1476; the Consumer Product Safety Act, 15 U.S. C. Section 2075; and the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act, 15 U.S.C. Section 1920. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ghpj0226

How many members are included in the frozen food institute?

ghpj0226

ghpj0226_p0, ghpj0226_p1, ghpj0226_p2, ghpj0226_p3, ghpj0226_p4, ghpj0226_p5, ghpj0226_p6

more than 400, more than 400 members

COMMENTS ON BEHALF OF THE AMERICAN FROZEN FOOD INSTITUTE ON H. R. 10358 BEFORE THE HOUSE SUBCOMMITTEE ON HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT by Michael F. Brown and Richard L. Frank July 17, , 1978 Source: ttps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ghpj0226 COMMENTS ON BEHALF OF THE AMERICAN FROZEN FOOD INSTITUTE ON H.R. 10358 BEFORE THE HOUSE SUBCOMMITTEE ON HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT This statement is submitted on behalf of the American Frozen Food Institute ("AFFI"), a national non-profit trade association representing companies that manufacture and distribute frozen food throughout the United States. Included in its more than 400 members are the principal packers, suppliers, and marketers of frozen food products in the United States. AFFI and its members welcome this opportunity to share with the Subcommittee the views of the frozen food industry on this important legislation. In submitting these comments to the House Subcommittee on Health and the Environment, AFFI intends to focus on several areas of particular importance to its members. In essence, AFFI: (1) Supports federal preemption of state labeling require- ments that are in addition to or different from federal requirements; (2) Recommends inclusion of a provision which would limit criminal penalties to violations of the Federal Food Source: :ttps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ghpj0226 - 2 - Drug and Cosmetic Act which are committed knowingly, willfully, or negligently; (3) Opposes broad authority requiring notification of all recalls of adulterated and/or misbranded food; open (4) Supports the food coding provisions of the bill; (5) Supports a modified version of the food distribution records provision which would limit in the statute the time period to two years and would require FDA to demon- strate need prior to obtaining access to their records; (6) Opposes expansion of FDA's record access authority, unless the need for such access is demonstrated on a case by case basis, and supports the provision which requires FDA to establish procedures to assure confiden- tiality of records; (7) Supports food plant registration provisions, and (8) Recommends that the Subcommittee delay consideration of the labeling issues until the conclusion of the FDA/USDA/ FTC cooperative hearings on Food Labeling this summer and early fall. I. FEDERAL PREEMPTION Section 6 of H. R. 10358 would amend the Federal, Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act by adding a new Section 416 which would provide: SEC. 416. (a) Except as provided in subsection (b), no State or political subdivision of a State may establish or continue in effect a labeling requirement applicable to any food which is different from or in addition to any labeling requirement applicable to such food under section 403. Subsection (b) would authorize FDA to grant specific. exemptions to State and local governments which demonstrate that such exemption is (1) required by compelling local conditions and (2) compliance with it would not cause a food to be in violation of a requirement under Section 403. Source: :https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ghpj0226 - 3 - - AFFI strongly supports this proposal to preempt state and/or local requirements which are "different from or in addition to" the federal require- - ments contained in the Act. This gap in Act was recently pointed out by the Supreme Court in Jones V. Rath Packing Co. 430 U.S. 510 (1977). However, instead of the rather limited preemption provision contained in H.R. 103 58 applying only to label information, AFFI urges the Committee to revise proposed Section 416 to bring it into line with the preemption provisions in the Wholesome Meat Act and the Egg Products Inspection Act. AFFI recommends: 416 (a). Labeling, packaging, notice, or ingredient requirements, in addition to or different than those made under this Act or the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act, may not be imposed by any State or local jurisdic- tion with respect to food products regulated under such acts, except as provided in subsection (b) of this section. This revised version of Section 416 of the food surveillance legislation would, in summary, have the following advantages: 1. It would provide certainty and avoid unnecessary litigation concerning Congressional intent. 2. It would establish a uniform approach to preemption for all foods. 3. It would clarify preemption for foods under the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act. 4. It would avoid confusion arising from the overlapping jurisdiction over foods subject to federal regulation. Persons who distribute food in more than one state have an obvious interest that the regulatory structure in different. states be as uniform as possible. Many of AFFI's members distribute throughout the country. As to subjects regulated by federal statutes, uniformity among the states may be achieved through inclusion of preemptive language in the federal statute. Source: https://www.industrydocuments,ucsf.edu/docs/ghpj0226 - -4 - Even where a federal statute includes no explicit preemptive language, it will, nevertheless, preempt state statutes and regulations so inconsistent as to constitute a significant burden on interstate commerce. The Supreme Court's recent decision in Jones v. Rath Packing Co. , 430 U.S. 519 (1977), interprets the preemption provisions of three federal statutes involving food regulation; the Wholesome Meat Act, the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, and the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act. The Court's opinion provides valuable guidance as to the effect given the wording of statutory provisions relating to uniformity of federal and state requirements applicable to products distributed in interstate commerce. Section 408 of the Wholesome Meat Act prohibits a state from imposing "marking, labeling, packaging, or ingredient requirements in addition to, or different than, those made under the Act.' In Rath Packing, the Supreme Court held that the California misbranding regulations as applied to Rath's bacon, which made no allowance for loss of weight resulting from moisture loss during the course o: good distribution practice was "different than" the federal requirement, which permits such variations. Even the dissenters agreed that the California require- - ments were "preempted by the express preemptive provision of the Wholesome Meat Act. The preemptive provision of the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act prohibits state laws "which are less stringent than or require information different from the requirement of" Section 4 of that Act. The Supreme Court held that "the meaning Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ghpj0226 - 5 - of the statutory preemption of laws that require 'information different from' the federal net weight labeling provisions, like the meaning of the phrase 'less stringent, is unclear. " The Court then noted that the legislative history sug- gests a Congressional intent to preempt only state laws which impose requirements "inconsistent with those imposed by federal law.' On this basis, the Court held that the California regulation failing to provide for varia- tion by reason of moisture loss was not preempted under this language. The Supreme Court did find preemption, however, under the Fair Pack- aging and Labeling Act when it held that the California requirements would frustrate Congressional policy underlying the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act. The Court found that "a major purpose of the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act is to facilitate value CO mparisons among similar products, and concluded: This goal cannot be accomplished unless packages that bear the same indicated weight in fact contain the same quantity of product for which the consumer is paying. 430 U.S. at 531. The Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act contains no preemptive language. The Supreme Court opinion in Jones V, Rath Packing Co. includes no holding or dictum relating to preemption under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. On the basis of the Supreme Court's opinion, the language of Section 416 of H.R. 10358 would appear to be somewhere between the relative certainty and effectiveness of the Wholesome Meat Act's preemption provision and the ambiguity and ineffectiveness of that in the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act. Section 416 does not include the ambiguous reference of the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act to "less stringent" requirements, but it does purport to Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ghpj0226 -6- - supersede state laws which "require information which is different from" information required under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. This wording is quite close to the language in the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act (state laws which "require information different from") which the Supreme Court found to be "unclear, and which it interpreted on the basis of the legislative history to mean "inconsistent with. " In addition to the Wholesome Meat Act, two other federal food regulations .preempt "additional" or "different" state and/or local requirements. The preemption provision of the Poultry Products Inspection Act is virtually identical to Section 408 of the Wholesome Meat Act. 21 U.S.C. Section 467e. The Egg Products Inspection Act likewise provides for uniformity nearly as exten- sive as the meat and poultry statutes. AFFI believes proposed Section 416 (a) should be amended to bring it into line with the preemption language which the Supreme Court found clear and explicit in the Wholesome Meat Act. The use of language similar to that in the Wholesome Meat Act in proposed Section 416(a) would provide a high degree of certainty as to the effectiveness of preemption, would remove the ambiguity created by the proposed language, and would avoid the need for unnecessary and costly litigation to resolve questions as to the Congressional intent. It would also assure uniformity of regulation with respect to all food distributed in interstate commerce, and would give effect to the clear Congressional policy of avoiding 1 conflicting regulation of products labeled and shipped for national distribution. 1 This policy is clearly reflected in the Wholesome Meat Act, 21 U. S. C. Section 678; Egg Products Inspection Act, 21 U.S.C. Section 1052; the device amendments to the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, 21 U.S. C. Section 360k; the Federal Environmental Pesticide Control Act, 15 U.S.C C. Section 136v; the Poison Prevention Packaging Act, 15 U.S. C. Section 1476; the Consumer Product Safety Act, 15 U.S. C. Section 2075; and the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act, 15 U.S.C. Section 1920. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ghpj0226

AFFI stands for ?

ghpj0226

ghpj0226_p0, ghpj0226_p1, ghpj0226_p2, ghpj0226_p3, ghpj0226_p4, ghpj0226_p5, ghpj0226_p6

American Frozen Food Institute, American frozen food institute

COMMENTS ON BEHALF OF THE AMERICAN FROZEN FOOD INSTITUTE ON H. R. 10358 BEFORE THE HOUSE SUBCOMMITTEE ON HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT by Michael F. Brown and Richard L. Frank July 17, , 1978 Source: ttps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ghpj0226 COMMENTS ON BEHALF OF THE AMERICAN FROZEN FOOD INSTITUTE ON H.R. 10358 BEFORE THE HOUSE SUBCOMMITTEE ON HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT This statement is submitted on behalf of the American Frozen Food Institute ("AFFI"), a national non-profit trade association representing companies that manufacture and distribute frozen food throughout the United States. Included in its more than 400 members are the principal packers, suppliers, and marketers of frozen food products in the United States. AFFI and its members welcome this opportunity to share with the Subcommittee the views of the frozen food industry on this important legislation. In submitting these comments to the House Subcommittee on Health and the Environment, AFFI intends to focus on several areas of particular importance to its members. In essence, AFFI: (1) Supports federal preemption of state labeling require- ments that are in addition to or different from federal requirements; (2) Recommends inclusion of a provision which would limit criminal penalties to violations of the Federal Food Source: :ttps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ghpj0226 - 2 - Drug and Cosmetic Act which are committed knowingly, willfully, or negligently; (3) Opposes broad authority requiring notification of all recalls of adulterated and/or misbranded food; open (4) Supports the food coding provisions of the bill; (5) Supports a modified version of the food distribution records provision which would limit in the statute the time period to two years and would require FDA to demon- strate need prior to obtaining access to their records; (6) Opposes expansion of FDA's record access authority, unless the need for such access is demonstrated on a case by case basis, and supports the provision which requires FDA to establish procedures to assure confiden- tiality of records; (7) Supports food plant registration provisions, and (8) Recommends that the Subcommittee delay consideration of the labeling issues until the conclusion of the FDA/USDA/ FTC cooperative hearings on Food Labeling this summer and early fall. I. FEDERAL PREEMPTION Section 6 of H. R. 10358 would amend the Federal, Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act by adding a new Section 416 which would provide: SEC. 416. (a) Except as provided in subsection (b), no State or political subdivision of a State may establish or continue in effect a labeling requirement applicable to any food which is different from or in addition to any labeling requirement applicable to such food under section 403. Subsection (b) would authorize FDA to grant specific. exemptions to State and local governments which demonstrate that such exemption is (1) required by compelling local conditions and (2) compliance with it would not cause a food to be in violation of a requirement under Section 403. Source: :https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ghpj0226 - 3 - - AFFI strongly supports this proposal to preempt state and/or local requirements which are "different from or in addition to" the federal require- - ments contained in the Act. This gap in Act was recently pointed out by the Supreme Court in Jones V. Rath Packing Co. 430 U.S. 510 (1977). However, instead of the rather limited preemption provision contained in H.R. 103 58 applying only to label information, AFFI urges the Committee to revise proposed Section 416 to bring it into line with the preemption provisions in the Wholesome Meat Act and the Egg Products Inspection Act. AFFI recommends: 416 (a). Labeling, packaging, notice, or ingredient requirements, in addition to or different than those made under this Act or the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act, may not be imposed by any State or local jurisdic- tion with respect to food products regulated under such acts, except as provided in subsection (b) of this section. This revised version of Section 416 of the food surveillance legislation would, in summary, have the following advantages: 1. It would provide certainty and avoid unnecessary litigation concerning Congressional intent. 2. It would establish a uniform approach to preemption for all foods. 3. It would clarify preemption for foods under the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act. 4. It would avoid confusion arising from the overlapping jurisdiction over foods subject to federal regulation. Persons who distribute food in more than one state have an obvious interest that the regulatory structure in different. states be as uniform as possible. Many of AFFI's members distribute throughout the country. As to subjects regulated by federal statutes, uniformity among the states may be achieved through inclusion of preemptive language in the federal statute. Source: https://www.industrydocuments,ucsf.edu/docs/ghpj0226 - -4 - Even where a federal statute includes no explicit preemptive language, it will, nevertheless, preempt state statutes and regulations so inconsistent as to constitute a significant burden on interstate commerce. The Supreme Court's recent decision in Jones v. Rath Packing Co. , 430 U.S. 519 (1977), interprets the preemption provisions of three federal statutes involving food regulation; the Wholesome Meat Act, the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, and the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act. The Court's opinion provides valuable guidance as to the effect given the wording of statutory provisions relating to uniformity of federal and state requirements applicable to products distributed in interstate commerce. Section 408 of the Wholesome Meat Act prohibits a state from imposing "marking, labeling, packaging, or ingredient requirements in addition to, or different than, those made under the Act.' In Rath Packing, the Supreme Court held that the California misbranding regulations as applied to Rath's bacon, which made no allowance for loss of weight resulting from moisture loss during the course o: good distribution practice was "different than" the federal requirement, which permits such variations. Even the dissenters agreed that the California require- - ments were "preempted by the express preemptive provision of the Wholesome Meat Act. The preemptive provision of the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act prohibits state laws "which are less stringent than or require information different from the requirement of" Section 4 of that Act. The Supreme Court held that "the meaning Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ghpj0226 - 5 - of the statutory preemption of laws that require 'information different from' the federal net weight labeling provisions, like the meaning of the phrase 'less stringent, is unclear. " The Court then noted that the legislative history sug- gests a Congressional intent to preempt only state laws which impose requirements "inconsistent with those imposed by federal law.' On this basis, the Court held that the California regulation failing to provide for varia- tion by reason of moisture loss was not preempted under this language. The Supreme Court did find preemption, however, under the Fair Pack- aging and Labeling Act when it held that the California requirements would frustrate Congressional policy underlying the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act. The Court found that "a major purpose of the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act is to facilitate value CO mparisons among similar products, and concluded: This goal cannot be accomplished unless packages that bear the same indicated weight in fact contain the same quantity of product for which the consumer is paying. 430 U.S. at 531. The Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act contains no preemptive language. The Supreme Court opinion in Jones V, Rath Packing Co. includes no holding or dictum relating to preemption under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. On the basis of the Supreme Court's opinion, the language of Section 416 of H.R. 10358 would appear to be somewhere between the relative certainty and effectiveness of the Wholesome Meat Act's preemption provision and the ambiguity and ineffectiveness of that in the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act. Section 416 does not include the ambiguous reference of the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act to "less stringent" requirements, but it does purport to Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ghpj0226 -6- - supersede state laws which "require information which is different from" information required under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. This wording is quite close to the language in the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act (state laws which "require information different from") which the Supreme Court found to be "unclear, and which it interpreted on the basis of the legislative history to mean "inconsistent with. " In addition to the Wholesome Meat Act, two other federal food regulations .preempt "additional" or "different" state and/or local requirements. The preemption provision of the Poultry Products Inspection Act is virtually identical to Section 408 of the Wholesome Meat Act. 21 U.S.C. Section 467e. The Egg Products Inspection Act likewise provides for uniformity nearly as exten- sive as the meat and poultry statutes. AFFI believes proposed Section 416 (a) should be amended to bring it into line with the preemption language which the Supreme Court found clear and explicit in the Wholesome Meat Act. The use of language similar to that in the Wholesome Meat Act in proposed Section 416(a) would provide a high degree of certainty as to the effectiveness of preemption, would remove the ambiguity created by the proposed language, and would avoid the need for unnecessary and costly litigation to resolve questions as to the Congressional intent. It would also assure uniformity of regulation with respect to all food distributed in interstate commerce, and would give effect to the clear Congressional policy of avoiding 1 conflicting regulation of products labeled and shipped for national distribution. 1 This policy is clearly reflected in the Wholesome Meat Act, 21 U. S. C. Section 678; Egg Products Inspection Act, 21 U.S.C. Section 1052; the device amendments to the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, 21 U.S. C. Section 360k; the Federal Environmental Pesticide Control Act, 15 U.S.C C. Section 136v; the Poison Prevention Packaging Act, 15 U.S. C. Section 1476; the Consumer Product Safety Act, 15 U.S. C. Section 2075; and the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act, 15 U.S.C. Section 1920. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ghpj0226

This statement or comments is submitted on behalf of?

ghpj0226

ghpj0226_p0, ghpj0226_p1, ghpj0226_p2, ghpj0226_p3, ghpj0226_p4, ghpj0226_p5, ghpj0226_p6

The American Frozen food institute ("AFFI"), The American Frozen food institute, AFFI

COMMENTS ON BEHALF OF THE AMERICAN FROZEN FOOD INSTITUTE ON H. R. 10358 BEFORE THE HOUSE SUBCOMMITTEE ON HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT by Michael F. Brown and Richard L. Frank July 17, , 1978 Source: ttps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ghpj0226 COMMENTS ON BEHALF OF THE AMERICAN FROZEN FOOD INSTITUTE ON H.R. 10358 BEFORE THE HOUSE SUBCOMMITTEE ON HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT This statement is submitted on behalf of the American Frozen Food Institute ("AFFI"), a national non-profit trade association representing companies that manufacture and distribute frozen food throughout the United States. Included in its more than 400 members are the principal packers, suppliers, and marketers of frozen food products in the United States. AFFI and its members welcome this opportunity to share with the Subcommittee the views of the frozen food industry on this important legislation. In submitting these comments to the House Subcommittee on Health and the Environment, AFFI intends to focus on several areas of particular importance to its members. In essence, AFFI: (1) Supports federal preemption of state labeling require- ments that are in addition to or different from federal requirements; (2) Recommends inclusion of a provision which would limit criminal penalties to violations of the Federal Food Source: :ttps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ghpj0226 - 2 - Drug and Cosmetic Act which are committed knowingly, willfully, or negligently; (3) Opposes broad authority requiring notification of all recalls of adulterated and/or misbranded food; open (4) Supports the food coding provisions of the bill; (5) Supports a modified version of the food distribution records provision which would limit in the statute the time period to two years and would require FDA to demon- strate need prior to obtaining access to their records; (6) Opposes expansion of FDA's record access authority, unless the need for such access is demonstrated on a case by case basis, and supports the provision which requires FDA to establish procedures to assure confiden- tiality of records; (7) Supports food plant registration provisions, and (8) Recommends that the Subcommittee delay consideration of the labeling issues until the conclusion of the FDA/USDA/ FTC cooperative hearings on Food Labeling this summer and early fall. I. FEDERAL PREEMPTION Section 6 of H. R. 10358 would amend the Federal, Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act by adding a new Section 416 which would provide: SEC. 416. (a) Except as provided in subsection (b), no State or political subdivision of a State may establish or continue in effect a labeling requirement applicable to any food which is different from or in addition to any labeling requirement applicable to such food under section 403. Subsection (b) would authorize FDA to grant specific. exemptions to State and local governments which demonstrate that such exemption is (1) required by compelling local conditions and (2) compliance with it would not cause a food to be in violation of a requirement under Section 403. Source: :https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ghpj0226 - 3 - - AFFI strongly supports this proposal to preempt state and/or local requirements which are "different from or in addition to" the federal require- - ments contained in the Act. This gap in Act was recently pointed out by the Supreme Court in Jones V. Rath Packing Co. 430 U.S. 510 (1977). However, instead of the rather limited preemption provision contained in H.R. 103 58 applying only to label information, AFFI urges the Committee to revise proposed Section 416 to bring it into line with the preemption provisions in the Wholesome Meat Act and the Egg Products Inspection Act. AFFI recommends: 416 (a). Labeling, packaging, notice, or ingredient requirements, in addition to or different than those made under this Act or the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act, may not be imposed by any State or local jurisdic- tion with respect to food products regulated under such acts, except as provided in subsection (b) of this section. This revised version of Section 416 of the food surveillance legislation would, in summary, have the following advantages: 1. It would provide certainty and avoid unnecessary litigation concerning Congressional intent. 2. It would establish a uniform approach to preemption for all foods. 3. It would clarify preemption for foods under the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act. 4. It would avoid confusion arising from the overlapping jurisdiction over foods subject to federal regulation. Persons who distribute food in more than one state have an obvious interest that the regulatory structure in different. states be as uniform as possible. Many of AFFI's members distribute throughout the country. As to subjects regulated by federal statutes, uniformity among the states may be achieved through inclusion of preemptive language in the federal statute. Source: https://www.industrydocuments,ucsf.edu/docs/ghpj0226 - -4 - Even where a federal statute includes no explicit preemptive language, it will, nevertheless, preempt state statutes and regulations so inconsistent as to constitute a significant burden on interstate commerce. The Supreme Court's recent decision in Jones v. Rath Packing Co. , 430 U.S. 519 (1977), interprets the preemption provisions of three federal statutes involving food regulation; the Wholesome Meat Act, the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, and the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act. The Court's opinion provides valuable guidance as to the effect given the wording of statutory provisions relating to uniformity of federal and state requirements applicable to products distributed in interstate commerce. Section 408 of the Wholesome Meat Act prohibits a state from imposing "marking, labeling, packaging, or ingredient requirements in addition to, or different than, those made under the Act.' In Rath Packing, the Supreme Court held that the California misbranding regulations as applied to Rath's bacon, which made no allowance for loss of weight resulting from moisture loss during the course o: good distribution practice was "different than" the federal requirement, which permits such variations. Even the dissenters agreed that the California require- - ments were "preempted by the express preemptive provision of the Wholesome Meat Act. The preemptive provision of the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act prohibits state laws "which are less stringent than or require information different from the requirement of" Section 4 of that Act. The Supreme Court held that "the meaning Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ghpj0226 - 5 - of the statutory preemption of laws that require 'information different from' the federal net weight labeling provisions, like the meaning of the phrase 'less stringent, is unclear. " The Court then noted that the legislative history sug- gests a Congressional intent to preempt only state laws which impose requirements "inconsistent with those imposed by federal law.' On this basis, the Court held that the California regulation failing to provide for varia- tion by reason of moisture loss was not preempted under this language. The Supreme Court did find preemption, however, under the Fair Pack- aging and Labeling Act when it held that the California requirements would frustrate Congressional policy underlying the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act. The Court found that "a major purpose of the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act is to facilitate value CO mparisons among similar products, and concluded: This goal cannot be accomplished unless packages that bear the same indicated weight in fact contain the same quantity of product for which the consumer is paying. 430 U.S. at 531. The Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act contains no preemptive language. The Supreme Court opinion in Jones V, Rath Packing Co. includes no holding or dictum relating to preemption under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. On the basis of the Supreme Court's opinion, the language of Section 416 of H.R. 10358 would appear to be somewhere between the relative certainty and effectiveness of the Wholesome Meat Act's preemption provision and the ambiguity and ineffectiveness of that in the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act. Section 416 does not include the ambiguous reference of the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act to "less stringent" requirements, but it does purport to Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ghpj0226 -6- - supersede state laws which "require information which is different from" information required under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. This wording is quite close to the language in the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act (state laws which "require information different from") which the Supreme Court found to be "unclear, and which it interpreted on the basis of the legislative history to mean "inconsistent with. " In addition to the Wholesome Meat Act, two other federal food regulations .preempt "additional" or "different" state and/or local requirements. The preemption provision of the Poultry Products Inspection Act is virtually identical to Section 408 of the Wholesome Meat Act. 21 U.S.C. Section 467e. The Egg Products Inspection Act likewise provides for uniformity nearly as exten- sive as the meat and poultry statutes. AFFI believes proposed Section 416 (a) should be amended to bring it into line with the preemption language which the Supreme Court found clear and explicit in the Wholesome Meat Act. The use of language similar to that in the Wholesome Meat Act in proposed Section 416(a) would provide a high degree of certainty as to the effectiveness of preemption, would remove the ambiguity created by the proposed language, and would avoid the need for unnecessary and costly litigation to resolve questions as to the Congressional intent. It would also assure uniformity of regulation with respect to all food distributed in interstate commerce, and would give effect to the clear Congressional policy of avoiding 1 conflicting regulation of products labeled and shipped for national distribution. 1 This policy is clearly reflected in the Wholesome Meat Act, 21 U. S. C. Section 678; Egg Products Inspection Act, 21 U.S.C. Section 1052; the device amendments to the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, 21 U.S. C. Section 360k; the Federal Environmental Pesticide Control Act, 15 U.S.C C. Section 136v; the Poison Prevention Packaging Act, 15 U.S. C. Section 1476; the Consumer Product Safety Act, 15 U.S. C. Section 2075; and the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act, 15 U.S.C. Section 1920. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ghpj0226

where does the high fructose corn will come from ?

ykpj0226

ykpj0226_p0, ykpj0226_p1, ykpj0226_p2, ykpj0226_p3, ykpj0226_p4

major corn refiners in the midwest., from major corn refiners in the Midwest, major corn refiners in the midwest

Shasta BEVERAGES INC. ACONSOLIDATED FOODS COMPANY RESPONSIVE TO CONSUMER NEEDS EXECUTIVE OFFICES January 14, 1980 Ms. Bonnie Liebman 1755 S Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20009 Dear Ms. Liebman: Thank you for taking the time to call about your interest in Shasta's new fructose-sweetened soft drinks. As requested, I have enclosed some information sheets which will tell you more about our new product line. Again, Ms. Liebman, thank you for letting us know of your interest. Sincerely, Envey Cecil B. Lowry Vice President Science & Technology CBL/jc Enclosures 26901DASTRIAL BOULEVARD e HOEFER-AMIDE Public Relations. 426 Pacific, San Francisca California 94133. (415)788-1333 DOWS Release FROM: SHASTA BEVERAGES INC. CONTACT: Gary Thompson (415) 783-1333 DATE: July 17, 1979 FOR RELEASE: Immediately SHASTA BEVERAGES INC. INTRODUCES REVOLUTIONARY NEW SOFT DRINK LINE (Hayward, CA., July 17, 1979) -- Shasta Beverages Inc., a Consolidated Poods company, announced one of the most signifi- cant breakthroughs in soft drink history this week with the in- troduction of a reformulated regular Shasta soft drink line, using a new nutritive sweetener, high fructose corn syrup, to replace ordinary sugar, The move marks the first time a soft drunk com- pany has totally eliminated use of ordinary refined sugar to setth gul soft drinks, according to Robert Jaunich II, pres- ident of the nation's seventh largest soft drink company. "We have reformulated our full line of regular soft drinks, which now taste better and offer the consumer an alternative to ordinary sugared soft drinks, " he noted. Fructose is a simple sweetener found in honey and most fresh fruits. "It is sweeter than sucrose, or ordinary refined sugar, and as a result it doesn't have the typical syrupy taste associ- ated with ordinary sugar,' commented Cecil Lowry, vice president/ science & technology for Shasta. "High fructose syrup seems to enhance the flavor of our soft drinks. It allows the true flavers to come out." Independent taste tests have shown that new Shasta ranks better with consumers than old Shasta with ordinary sugar. "We're particulary pleased with this outcome, Lowry commented. "Because fructose is somewhat sweeter than ordinary sugar, -more- Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ykpj0226 SHASTA/2 we are able to achieve the right sweetness for our regular soft drinks while using at least 5% less sweetener. This is a nice plus for weight conscious soft drink users." According to Jaunich, Shasta's interest in nutritive sweeteners began same 20 years ago, and blended sweeteners have been used in regular Shasta since 1966. Then, in 1969, the technology to produce high fructose corn syrup became commercially possible and Shasta was the first beverage campany to use it. "The first generation fructose was HFCS 42, forty-two percent fructose," Jaunich stated. "We began experimenting with it in 1969, finally blending it with ordinary sugar on a 50-50 basis. Consumer taste tests at that time indicated a preference for the new formulation and we knew we were on the right track." Eccause of this initial success, Shasta began long-term research with a second sweetener that used considerably more fructose when it became avail- able only two years ago. The program was accelerated last year when this sweetener became comercially available in sufficient quantities and Shasta saw the advantages in switching its entire line to the new sweetener and totally eliminating crdinary sugar. "New technology has now made it possible to obtain high fructose sweetener from the vast American corn supply," Jaunich commented "This offers a depen- dable quantity at: a stable price because American corn producers, who supply over 45% of the world's corn, have assigned fructose sweeteners high produc- tion priority. The use of fructose to sweeten soft drinks has a number of benefits Shasta took into consideration in its decision. "First," he noted, "the use of fructose syrup has a positive impact on the economy of the United States. It helps to replace American industry's de- pendence on foreign sugar, which currently amounts to 75% of all sugar used in this country's soft: drinks. Second, there are a number of by-products -more- Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ykpj0226 SHASTA/3 created from the wet milling process used to produce fructose such as feedstuffs, oils, and starches. These items are exported, thus alleviating same of the U.S. trade deficit. "In a time when the U.S. balance of trade deficit is contributing to the weakening of the dollar and our needs for sources of employ- ment continue to grow, it makes sense to utilize domestic resources, production facilities, and workers to supply the nation's sweetener needs." This new damestic sweetener also offers Shasta, and its customers, an economic benefit, Jaunich pointed out. It costs less than ordinary refined sugar. This means that the company can continue to offer its soft drinks at prices lower than the other national brands. In addi- tion, the U.S. com market also promises a continuing stable price for fructose sweetener. Therefore, skyrocketing soft drink prices based on inflated foreign sugar prices, such as those incurred in 1974, will no longer be a threat in the future. Jaunich said that Shasta is currently watching the development of a third generation fructose because it would allo Shasta to achieve the right sweetness with substantially fewer calories. "However, right now it's not available in the quantities t.e require, and is ex- pensive," he added. "As it becomes available, we will be taking a close look at it." In the meantime, Jaunich commented, the current total switch from or- dinary sugar to fructose sweetener represents a major breakthrough in soft drink industry for Shasta, and also signals the beginning of a complete repositioning for the entire company. "With the total elimination of ordinary sugar from our regular line of products," Jaunich said, "our research and development will be oriented to making products that consumers feel better about drinking." Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ykpj0226 8. Where Does Shasta Get Its Fructose? C urrent production of fructose comes from one of America's most abundant crops-corn. Over 47 per cent of the world's corn is grown in the United States. Our supply of high fructose corn sweetener will come from major corn refiners in the Midwest. Because of our size, and our ability to reformulate our entire line of regular soft drinks nation-wide, Shasta has been able to arrange fruc- tose allocations from these suppliers to satisfy de- mand generated by our sales increases for years to come. 9. Will Shasta Utilize Fructose Sweetener for New Products? W e are currently researching the use of fructose sweetener for a variety of new pro- ducts, and Capri Sun, currently being test marketed in the East, is sweetened with fructose sweetener. THE We feel fructose has tremendous potential as a sweetener for both our current line of regular pro- ducts and for a variety of new products currently under consideration. For the foreseeable future, SHASTA fructose will be our only nutritive sweetener. 10. Why Aren't Other Soft Drink ALTERNATIVE Companies Using Fructose Sweetener In Their Products? M any national companies, such as Coke and Pepsi, have approved use of fructose for some of their product lines. However, most bottlers have not reformulated. Unlike Shasta, these com- panies are encumbered by a franchise bottler system which has delayed the changeover. However, we are confident Shasta's reformulation will lead to a rapid growth in the use of fructose sweetener in soft drinks. In the meantime, our na- tional conversion has provided us a real break- through and leadership position in the industry. 11. Just How Beneficent is Fructose? A Ithough there may, in reality, be little or no connection between sugar intake and health Answers to the most frequently asked problems, consumers remain wary of any product with high sugar content. As a result, consumers questions about fructose who are interested in cutting down their consump- tion of ordinary refined sugar have had little or no choice of alternative sweeteners until now. However, because fructose is so new, there is not yet a large amount of completed research studies on it. The medical profession is not in total agree- ment on its use by diabetics and others who must restrict their intake of ordinary sugar. Some doctors prescribe fructose, others do not. Our advice for people who have medically restricted diets is to consult their personal physician. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ykpj0226

for foreseeable future what will be our only nutritive sweetener?

ykpj0226

ykpj0226_p0, ykpj0226_p1, ykpj0226_p2, ykpj0226_p3, ykpj0226_p4

fructose, Fructose

Shasta BEVERAGES INC. ACONSOLIDATED FOODS COMPANY RESPONSIVE TO CONSUMER NEEDS EXECUTIVE OFFICES January 14, 1980 Ms. Bonnie Liebman 1755 S Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20009 Dear Ms. Liebman: Thank you for taking the time to call about your interest in Shasta's new fructose-sweetened soft drinks. As requested, I have enclosed some information sheets which will tell you more about our new product line. Again, Ms. Liebman, thank you for letting us know of your interest. Sincerely, Envey Cecil B. Lowry Vice President Science & Technology CBL/jc Enclosures 26901DASTRIAL BOULEVARD e HOEFER-AMIDE Public Relations. 426 Pacific, San Francisca California 94133. (415)788-1333 DOWS Release FROM: SHASTA BEVERAGES INC. CONTACT: Gary Thompson (415) 783-1333 DATE: July 17, 1979 FOR RELEASE: Immediately SHASTA BEVERAGES INC. INTRODUCES REVOLUTIONARY NEW SOFT DRINK LINE (Hayward, CA., July 17, 1979) -- Shasta Beverages Inc., a Consolidated Poods company, announced one of the most signifi- cant breakthroughs in soft drink history this week with the in- troduction of a reformulated regular Shasta soft drink line, using a new nutritive sweetener, high fructose corn syrup, to replace ordinary sugar, The move marks the first time a soft drunk com- pany has totally eliminated use of ordinary refined sugar to setth gul soft drinks, according to Robert Jaunich II, pres- ident of the nation's seventh largest soft drink company. "We have reformulated our full line of regular soft drinks, which now taste better and offer the consumer an alternative to ordinary sugared soft drinks, " he noted. Fructose is a simple sweetener found in honey and most fresh fruits. "It is sweeter than sucrose, or ordinary refined sugar, and as a result it doesn't have the typical syrupy taste associ- ated with ordinary sugar,' commented Cecil Lowry, vice president/ science & technology for Shasta. "High fructose syrup seems to enhance the flavor of our soft drinks. It allows the true flavers to come out." Independent taste tests have shown that new Shasta ranks better with consumers than old Shasta with ordinary sugar. "We're particulary pleased with this outcome, Lowry commented. "Because fructose is somewhat sweeter than ordinary sugar, -more- Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ykpj0226 SHASTA/2 we are able to achieve the right sweetness for our regular soft drinks while using at least 5% less sweetener. This is a nice plus for weight conscious soft drink users." According to Jaunich, Shasta's interest in nutritive sweeteners began same 20 years ago, and blended sweeteners have been used in regular Shasta since 1966. Then, in 1969, the technology to produce high fructose corn syrup became commercially possible and Shasta was the first beverage campany to use it. "The first generation fructose was HFCS 42, forty-two percent fructose," Jaunich stated. "We began experimenting with it in 1969, finally blending it with ordinary sugar on a 50-50 basis. Consumer taste tests at that time indicated a preference for the new formulation and we knew we were on the right track." Eccause of this initial success, Shasta began long-term research with a second sweetener that used considerably more fructose when it became avail- able only two years ago. The program was accelerated last year when this sweetener became comercially available in sufficient quantities and Shasta saw the advantages in switching its entire line to the new sweetener and totally eliminating crdinary sugar. "New technology has now made it possible to obtain high fructose sweetener from the vast American corn supply," Jaunich commented "This offers a depen- dable quantity at: a stable price because American corn producers, who supply over 45% of the world's corn, have assigned fructose sweeteners high produc- tion priority. The use of fructose to sweeten soft drinks has a number of benefits Shasta took into consideration in its decision. "First," he noted, "the use of fructose syrup has a positive impact on the economy of the United States. It helps to replace American industry's de- pendence on foreign sugar, which currently amounts to 75% of all sugar used in this country's soft: drinks. Second, there are a number of by-products -more- Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ykpj0226 SHASTA/3 created from the wet milling process used to produce fructose such as feedstuffs, oils, and starches. These items are exported, thus alleviating same of the U.S. trade deficit. "In a time when the U.S. balance of trade deficit is contributing to the weakening of the dollar and our needs for sources of employ- ment continue to grow, it makes sense to utilize domestic resources, production facilities, and workers to supply the nation's sweetener needs." This new damestic sweetener also offers Shasta, and its customers, an economic benefit, Jaunich pointed out. It costs less than ordinary refined sugar. This means that the company can continue to offer its soft drinks at prices lower than the other national brands. In addi- tion, the U.S. com market also promises a continuing stable price for fructose sweetener. Therefore, skyrocketing soft drink prices based on inflated foreign sugar prices, such as those incurred in 1974, will no longer be a threat in the future. Jaunich said that Shasta is currently watching the development of a third generation fructose because it would allo Shasta to achieve the right sweetness with substantially fewer calories. "However, right now it's not available in the quantities t.e require, and is ex- pensive," he added. "As it becomes available, we will be taking a close look at it." In the meantime, Jaunich commented, the current total switch from or- dinary sugar to fructose sweetener represents a major breakthrough in soft drink industry for Shasta, and also signals the beginning of a complete repositioning for the entire company. "With the total elimination of ordinary sugar from our regular line of products," Jaunich said, "our research and development will be oriented to making products that consumers feel better about drinking." Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ykpj0226 8. Where Does Shasta Get Its Fructose? C urrent production of fructose comes from one of America's most abundant crops-corn. Over 47 per cent of the world's corn is grown in the United States. Our supply of high fructose corn sweetener will come from major corn refiners in the Midwest. Because of our size, and our ability to reformulate our entire line of regular soft drinks nation-wide, Shasta has been able to arrange fruc- tose allocations from these suppliers to satisfy de- mand generated by our sales increases for years to come. 9. Will Shasta Utilize Fructose Sweetener for New Products? W e are currently researching the use of fructose sweetener for a variety of new pro- ducts, and Capri Sun, currently being test marketed in the East, is sweetened with fructose sweetener. THE We feel fructose has tremendous potential as a sweetener for both our current line of regular pro- ducts and for a variety of new products currently under consideration. For the foreseeable future, SHASTA fructose will be our only nutritive sweetener. 10. Why Aren't Other Soft Drink ALTERNATIVE Companies Using Fructose Sweetener In Their Products? M any national companies, such as Coke and Pepsi, have approved use of fructose for some of their product lines. However, most bottlers have not reformulated. Unlike Shasta, these com- panies are encumbered by a franchise bottler system which has delayed the changeover. However, we are confident Shasta's reformulation will lead to a rapid growth in the use of fructose sweetener in soft drinks. In the meantime, our na- tional conversion has provided us a real break- through and leadership position in the industry. 11. Just How Beneficent is Fructose? A Ithough there may, in reality, be little or no connection between sugar intake and health Answers to the most frequently asked problems, consumers remain wary of any product with high sugar content. As a result, consumers questions about fructose who are interested in cutting down their consump- tion of ordinary refined sugar have had little or no choice of alternative sweeteners until now. However, because fructose is so new, there is not yet a large amount of completed research studies on it. The medical profession is not in total agree- ment on its use by diabetics and others who must restrict their intake of ordinary sugar. Some doctors prescribe fructose, others do not. Our advice for people who have medically restricted diets is to consult their personal physician. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ykpj0226

What stops companies like coke and pepsi from using fructose widely?

ykpj0226

ykpj0226_p0, ykpj0226_p1, ykpj0226_p2, ykpj0226_p3, ykpj0226_p4

franchise bottler system, Franchise bottler system

Shasta BEVERAGES INC. ACONSOLIDATED FOODS COMPANY RESPONSIVE TO CONSUMER NEEDS EXECUTIVE OFFICES January 14, 1980 Ms. Bonnie Liebman 1755 S Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20009 Dear Ms. Liebman: Thank you for taking the time to call about your interest in Shasta's new fructose-sweetened soft drinks. As requested, I have enclosed some information sheets which will tell you more about our new product line. Again, Ms. Liebman, thank you for letting us know of your interest. Sincerely, Envey Cecil B. Lowry Vice President Science & Technology CBL/jc Enclosures 26901DASTRIAL BOULEVARD e HOEFER-AMIDE Public Relations. 426 Pacific, San Francisca California 94133. (415)788-1333 DOWS Release FROM: SHASTA BEVERAGES INC. CONTACT: Gary Thompson (415) 783-1333 DATE: July 17, 1979 FOR RELEASE: Immediately SHASTA BEVERAGES INC. INTRODUCES REVOLUTIONARY NEW SOFT DRINK LINE (Hayward, CA., July 17, 1979) -- Shasta Beverages Inc., a Consolidated Poods company, announced one of the most signifi- cant breakthroughs in soft drink history this week with the in- troduction of a reformulated regular Shasta soft drink line, using a new nutritive sweetener, high fructose corn syrup, to replace ordinary sugar, The move marks the first time a soft drunk com- pany has totally eliminated use of ordinary refined sugar to setth gul soft drinks, according to Robert Jaunich II, pres- ident of the nation's seventh largest soft drink company. "We have reformulated our full line of regular soft drinks, which now taste better and offer the consumer an alternative to ordinary sugared soft drinks, " he noted. Fructose is a simple sweetener found in honey and most fresh fruits. "It is sweeter than sucrose, or ordinary refined sugar, and as a result it doesn't have the typical syrupy taste associ- ated with ordinary sugar,' commented Cecil Lowry, vice president/ science & technology for Shasta. "High fructose syrup seems to enhance the flavor of our soft drinks. It allows the true flavers to come out." Independent taste tests have shown that new Shasta ranks better with consumers than old Shasta with ordinary sugar. "We're particulary pleased with this outcome, Lowry commented. "Because fructose is somewhat sweeter than ordinary sugar, -more- Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ykpj0226 SHASTA/2 we are able to achieve the right sweetness for our regular soft drinks while using at least 5% less sweetener. This is a nice plus for weight conscious soft drink users." According to Jaunich, Shasta's interest in nutritive sweeteners began same 20 years ago, and blended sweeteners have been used in regular Shasta since 1966. Then, in 1969, the technology to produce high fructose corn syrup became commercially possible and Shasta was the first beverage campany to use it. "The first generation fructose was HFCS 42, forty-two percent fructose," Jaunich stated. "We began experimenting with it in 1969, finally blending it with ordinary sugar on a 50-50 basis. Consumer taste tests at that time indicated a preference for the new formulation and we knew we were on the right track." Eccause of this initial success, Shasta began long-term research with a second sweetener that used considerably more fructose when it became avail- able only two years ago. The program was accelerated last year when this sweetener became comercially available in sufficient quantities and Shasta saw the advantages in switching its entire line to the new sweetener and totally eliminating crdinary sugar. "New technology has now made it possible to obtain high fructose sweetener from the vast American corn supply," Jaunich commented "This offers a depen- dable quantity at: a stable price because American corn producers, who supply over 45% of the world's corn, have assigned fructose sweeteners high produc- tion priority. The use of fructose to sweeten soft drinks has a number of benefits Shasta took into consideration in its decision. "First," he noted, "the use of fructose syrup has a positive impact on the economy of the United States. It helps to replace American industry's de- pendence on foreign sugar, which currently amounts to 75% of all sugar used in this country's soft: drinks. Second, there are a number of by-products -more- Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ykpj0226 SHASTA/3 created from the wet milling process used to produce fructose such as feedstuffs, oils, and starches. These items are exported, thus alleviating same of the U.S. trade deficit. "In a time when the U.S. balance of trade deficit is contributing to the weakening of the dollar and our needs for sources of employ- ment continue to grow, it makes sense to utilize domestic resources, production facilities, and workers to supply the nation's sweetener needs." This new damestic sweetener also offers Shasta, and its customers, an economic benefit, Jaunich pointed out. It costs less than ordinary refined sugar. This means that the company can continue to offer its soft drinks at prices lower than the other national brands. In addi- tion, the U.S. com market also promises a continuing stable price for fructose sweetener. Therefore, skyrocketing soft drink prices based on inflated foreign sugar prices, such as those incurred in 1974, will no longer be a threat in the future. Jaunich said that Shasta is currently watching the development of a third generation fructose because it would allo Shasta to achieve the right sweetness with substantially fewer calories. "However, right now it's not available in the quantities t.e require, and is ex- pensive," he added. "As it becomes available, we will be taking a close look at it." In the meantime, Jaunich commented, the current total switch from or- dinary sugar to fructose sweetener represents a major breakthrough in soft drink industry for Shasta, and also signals the beginning of a complete repositioning for the entire company. "With the total elimination of ordinary sugar from our regular line of products," Jaunich said, "our research and development will be oriented to making products that consumers feel better about drinking." Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ykpj0226 8. Where Does Shasta Get Its Fructose? C urrent production of fructose comes from one of America's most abundant crops-corn. Over 47 per cent of the world's corn is grown in the United States. Our supply of high fructose corn sweetener will come from major corn refiners in the Midwest. Because of our size, and our ability to reformulate our entire line of regular soft drinks nation-wide, Shasta has been able to arrange fruc- tose allocations from these suppliers to satisfy de- mand generated by our sales increases for years to come. 9. Will Shasta Utilize Fructose Sweetener for New Products? W e are currently researching the use of fructose sweetener for a variety of new pro- ducts, and Capri Sun, currently being test marketed in the East, is sweetened with fructose sweetener. THE We feel fructose has tremendous potential as a sweetener for both our current line of regular pro- ducts and for a variety of new products currently under consideration. For the foreseeable future, SHASTA fructose will be our only nutritive sweetener. 10. Why Aren't Other Soft Drink ALTERNATIVE Companies Using Fructose Sweetener In Their Products? M any national companies, such as Coke and Pepsi, have approved use of fructose for some of their product lines. However, most bottlers have not reformulated. Unlike Shasta, these com- panies are encumbered by a franchise bottler system which has delayed the changeover. However, we are confident Shasta's reformulation will lead to a rapid growth in the use of fructose sweetener in soft drinks. In the meantime, our na- tional conversion has provided us a real break- through and leadership position in the industry. 11. Just How Beneficent is Fructose? A Ithough there may, in reality, be little or no connection between sugar intake and health Answers to the most frequently asked problems, consumers remain wary of any product with high sugar content. As a result, consumers questions about fructose who are interested in cutting down their consump- tion of ordinary refined sugar have had little or no choice of alternative sweeteners until now. However, because fructose is so new, there is not yet a large amount of completed research studies on it. The medical profession is not in total agree- ment on its use by diabetics and others who must restrict their intake of ordinary sugar. Some doctors prescribe fructose, others do not. Our advice for people who have medically restricted diets is to consult their personal physician. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/ykpj0226

this letter was written to whom?

tkpj0226

tkpj0226_p0, tkpj0226_p1, tkpj0226_p2, tkpj0226_p3, tkpj0226_p4, tkpj0226_p5, tkpj0226_p6, tkpj0226_p7, tkpj0226_p8, tkpj0226_p9, tkpj0226_p10

Michael Jacobson, Michael jacobson

Arders tar Healtt Claims Old Panablet. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/tkpj0226 THE CON/UMAR gazes A DIVISION OF THE UNITED CONSUMER SERVICE CORPORATION 466 LEXINGTON AVENUE / NEW YORK CITY/10017 212 532/8840 17 March 1975 Dear Michael Jacobson, nis has nothing to do with what we discussed earlier today, but I hoped you might make some use of the enclosed, especially the nonsense we underlined on p.10, and I hope something can be done to aid in this trade association's reform. What dis- turbs me about this kind of crap is that it is reprinted from Grade Teacher (which I am not familiar with) and I would dislike it if my kid or somebody else's was hustled with this kind of information. If you can't do anything with this, discard it. I merely wanted to put it into hands that could do more with it, potentially, than I. Regards, BM Bill Wolf, Editor P.s. Enclosed is most recent Dyette Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/tkpj0226 o * The storycfsoft drinks. $ IN IT/ area " 2 5 1 9 Bottle Washing Systems Control Systems control in a soft drink Chemistry also plays an impor- Cosmetic Act. passed in 1938. Most Returnable bottles must be given a thorough cleaning and sanitizing manufacturing plant requires knowl- tant role in the mamufacturing of car- of the state laws are patterned after it. before being refilled. Bottles are edge of the principles of engineering bonated beverages. Because the These laws and regulations are de- and chemistry as well as business proper balance of inqredients in the signed to protect the consumer as well washed by soaking or flushing with if the plant is filling one-trip soft must be maintained, as to serve as an operational guide ladministration. Engineering concerns caustic soda solutions. followed by a bottles or cans which will not be re- construction of the plant, proper in- quality control tests are run continu- for manufacturers. thorough scrubbing inside and out. turned, caustic washing is not neces- istallation and maintenance of bottling ously. Chemical research also helps Then they are carefully rinsed with sary These containers come from machinery, packaging equipment. and develop mew solt drink ingredients potable water before filling. bottle and can manufacturing com- warehousing and delivery fleels. Il leading to better products and more Each state has legal require- panies in a sanitary wrapping, and at sound engineering doesn 1 develop efficient plant operations. ments governing sanitation in lood most need only to be rinsed by air or a smooth flow of products through the The soft drink plant is subject to processing plants including bottle water before filling plant, unnecessary work may be both federal and state laws and regu- washing. Machines which wash re- required and production costs will lations. The most familiar law on this turnable bottles are fully automatic Packaging increase. subject is the Federal Food, Drug and and bottles need not be touched by workers before filling. After washing, Once filled, the containers con- the bottles are fully inspected man- tinue along the manufacturing line ually, or by electronic devices de- and are automatically set in six-pack signed for that purpose. carton carriers, or whatever type of retail packaging is desired. Small containers are usually cartoned or cased in lots of 24, quart sizes in lote of 12. The cases are stacked one on (top of another on a wooden platform about four leet square. They're then stored in a warehouse until they're loaded anto delivery trucks. 10 11 How do soft drinks fit into the through normal foods, but we still First. many people have noticed that balanced diet? A balanced diet in- need to drink about 5-6 glasses a day. soft drinks helo settle upset stomachs cludes anywhere from 2,300 to 3,800 Soft drinks are about 90% purified Modern theory holds that the carbona- calories a day depending on age and water. And soft drinks) good taste tion is responsible for this settling amount of activity. An 8-ounce soft quenches thirst and encourages effect. Soft Drinks drink contains about 100 calories. liquid intake Second when you sio a soft And because they are in the form of Doctors leven prescribe soft drink, you take a break from what and Health sugar, they convert almost instantly drinks sometimes for colds and to pre- you re doing and relax. The refresh- into energy. That` one reason why soit vent dehydration from virus infections. ing tingle provides a psychological drinks are particularly. greshing alter There are two other ways soft lift and helps ease some of the physical activity. Or mid-way through drinks can contribute lo good health. day` tensions. a tiring afternoon. Water is anotheri important in- gredient of a balanced diet. Our bodies need water to digest lood to make the chemical changes that pro- vide our muscles with energy; to SPECIAL regulate temperature, lubricate joints, get rid of wastes: and in the lungs to absorti oxygen and expel carbon dioxide. Much of the water we can get Source: https:/lwww.industrydocuments.ucstedu/docs/tkpI0226 12 13 Some may be surprised to leam following flavors for soda water were creased during the same period from public if serves. The National Soft effor by bottlers who used their consumers to dispose of soft drink that the beginning of the soft drink advertised pineapple, black cherry about two to about 350 8-oz servings Drink Association, which represents equipment to collect 50 million containers properly. and to further industry In our country dates back to orange, apple strawberry, raspberry per person per year Much of this bottlers producing about 90 percent pounds of scrap metal for the war encourage and participate in research the founding of the Republic itsell pear melon, temon, increase can be traced to new ways of of soft drinks sold in the Nation, works effort. In addition, the Office of Civilian to find new methods of handling American scientists became inter- cherry plum, grape. apricot and marketing soft drinks For example, closely with all elements of the indus- Defense was given a list of solt drink solid waste. ested in the natural effervescent quali- peach. The soft industry was automatici vending machines ap- try to assure that continuous attention plants equipped to furnish potable The future role of the soft drink ties of mineral waten and studied their on its way peared in 1937 and in 1954 vending is given to product and packaging water in case of emergency. More industry in America is expected to be chemistry as early as 1773 A leader By 1870, the densus reported machines for soft drinks in cups quality controls. recently, the industry has become one of continued growth and in- in this research was Dr Benjamin 387 soda water bottling plants The appeared at about the same tilme as Individual companies and the acutely concerned with the problems creased activities in areas of social Rush of Philiadelohia Others who took growth continued to an -time high canned soft drinks industry, as represented by the of solid waste disposal and the pre- betterment, Because the industry has a scientifici Interest in mineral waters of 8,220 plants before the economic Throughtuut its history, the soft Association, have also undertaken vention of littering. Considerable effort grown and developed with America, it included Benjamin Franklin, Thomas crash of 1929. Following the depres- drink industry has endeavored to many public service projects. Notable has been expended in developing will continue to reflect and support Jefferson, and James Madison sion, the number of plants tremained produce high quality products for the among these was the World War Il educational programs to encourage forward thrusts of national progress. Of course, the kmowledge of gas at about 6,000 until the mid 1950's. vapors entrapped in mineral waters Since then, the number has declined - the attempts to produce this steadily to the present level of about artificially-go back to Europe in the 3.000 plants 16th century In the early part of the Soft drink consumption, on the 1 7th century, the vapior in the bubbles other hand, has steadily increased was identified by a new word, "gas" from about 36 million 8-oz servings in or "fixed air An Englishman by the 1850, to about 72 billion servings in name of Joseph Priestley published 1970, Per capita consumption in- - the first paper on how to impregnate water with gas in 1772. He couldn'i produce the gas himself so the galh- Soft Drinks ered it from the lop of fermenting vata In 1807 in New Haven Benjamin Develop in the Silliman opened the first establishi United States ment for selling bottled Soda Water The first United States patens for pre- paring artificial mineral water was Issued to Joseph Hawkins in 1809 In 1850 the United States Bureau of the Census reported 64 plants making bortled soda water By 1860. the census reported 123 plants, four of which were operating in Washington D.C., during the Civil War. In 1865, the 14 15 According to a 29 state survey by The third, and probably best Try one of these sparkling punch Sweetheart Punch 1 pt, heavy eream the National Academy of Sciences in overall solution to the litter problem, recipes at your next party But be 2 gts cherry soda Va tbs. cinnamon Washington, about 8.75% of all road- is public education, And here's where sure to make a lot of it Once your 1 qt orange soda Pour 3 bottles of cola into ice Support side litter is soft drink containers. the soft drink industry is most active. guests taste it, it won't last long. 1 gf temon-lim soda cube trays and freeze until mushy Your Although the percentage in some Individual bottlers are helping their Freeze one quart of cherry isoda Whip cream until frothy, mix with areas is higher than the national communities set up anti-litter pro- Party for beverage cubes. Chill remaining sugar Scrape out frozen cola into Local average, the overall percentage is still grams and provide booklets, films and carbonated beverages. When ready punch bowl add cream, then pour in Trash not very high (paper accounted for other "fight litter" materials to achools Punches to serve, shave or crack beverage remaining battles of cola Stir lightly, 59%, for example). Nevertheless, be- and other interested groups. They're cubes. Place in punch bowl, add sprinkle with cinnamoni Serves 36 Basket cause soft drink containers are easily sponsoring anti-litter ads, television other soft drinks. Makes 24 punch- punch-size cups visible they re oiten blamed in error. and radio commercials and bill- size cuos. The soft drink industry supports boards. Anti-litter messages are ap- Sparkling Tea Punch three general solutions to the litter pearing on soft drink delivery trucks Cranberry Holiday Punch ats ginger ale problem. The first is realistic anti- and on soft drink packages. And 1. 2 grs. gingerale 116 cups granulated sugar litter laws that are both enforceable nally, bottlera are supporters of Keep 1 at orange isoda cup hot water and enforced Not only are present America Beautiful, our national anti- 8 lozs. lemon. lime soda cup lemon Juice laws almost impossible to enforce, but litter organization 2 cups cranberry juice docktail cups orange juice they also carry such high fines that There's one more point that Freeze one quart ginger ale for cup pineapple Juice many judges are hesitant to convict should be mentioned in connection beverage cubes Chill remaining soft cups double-strength tea anybody. One suggestion has been to with the litter problem. That is, objects drinks. When ready to serve pour 12-02. bottle traspberry soda give a summons for littering similar don't create litter, people do, So cranberry luice and carbonated mint leaves to a traffic ticket. The defendant blarning any one particular littered beverages Into punch bowl. Float Freeze one quart ginger ale for would then pay a fine by mail or object won't help solve the problem beverage cubes Gamish with orange beverage cubes Boil sugar and water appear for trial, because the problem is people. And alices and mini leaves Serves 24 5 minutes. Combine with fruit Juices The second solution revolves the ultimate solution is this simple: punch-size aups and tea. Chill. Just before serving, Don't litter. add thoroughly chilled carbonated around equipment and new systems Cherub Cloud Punch for lifter collection and disposal Part beverages. Float sparkling cubes Solid Waste 41/2 gts cola, chilled of the solution may be as simple as and mint leaves. Serves 40 punch- The average American citizen 14 cup sugar size cups. having more trashbaskets placed where they are needed. Il nothing generates about 1,800 pounds of solid else, more baskets may help reduce waste a year. And we'r running out -T7r7 2 some of the litter overflowing our of practical ways to get rid of it. present trashbaskets. Also being de- Although solt drink containers only account for about 1% of all our /f5 veroped are new systems of litter collection, such as the experimental solid waste (according to a survey litter-eating machine in Connecticut done by the U.S. Department of that uses a huge vacuum snout to pick Health, Education and Wellare). the up highway litter, then dumps it in a softdrink industry is concerned. It trailer following behind. Finally, re- supports the programs of the glass search is being done on such novel and metal manufacturers to collect solutions as plastic bottles which turn and recycle used containers. These into powder after several months used bottles and cans can often be exposure to the sun, and glass con- broken down and converted into new tainers that can be washed down containers. Also, research is being the drain done to discover new ways to utilize old products. Ground glass, for ax- ample, is being tested as a road building material and as an ingredient in building blocks and glass wool insulation. Source: https://www.industrydoduments.ucsi.edu/docs/kp226 16 if you would like to have the soft drink story for your class. you can- via an entertaining 15 minute slide film. The film traces the history of soft drinks, the growth of the industry, the place of solt drinks in the balanced diet and much more with bright car- toons and fuil color photographs, If is accompanied by two 331/s in. record sound tracks. One for automatio and the other for manual film advance. The story is designed to interest mid- die elementary school level children and older. The film kit plus teacher's guide is available for $3.50. For your copy, fill in and mail the coupon below. Or write National Soft Drink Association, 1101 Sixteenth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036. Now that you've read the book, see the film. National Soft Drink Association 1101 Sixteenth Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036 Please send me copies of your sound-slide film. Enclosed is (number of copies x $3.50). Name School name. Street City. State Zip Please make check or money order payable to. National Solt Drink Association Reprinted from GRADE TEACHER Magazine Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/tkpj0226

On which date was this letter was written

tkpj0226

tkpj0226_p0, tkpj0226_p1, tkpj0226_p2, tkpj0226_p3, tkpj0226_p4, tkpj0226_p5, tkpj0226_p6, tkpj0226_p7, tkpj0226_p8, tkpj0226_p9, tkpj0226_p10

17 march 1975, 17 March 1975

Arders tar Healtt Claims Old Panablet. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/tkpj0226 THE CON/UMAR gazes A DIVISION OF THE UNITED CONSUMER SERVICE CORPORATION 466 LEXINGTON AVENUE / NEW YORK CITY/10017 212 532/8840 17 March 1975 Dear Michael Jacobson, nis has nothing to do with what we discussed earlier today, but I hoped you might make some use of the enclosed, especially the nonsense we underlined on p.10, and I hope something can be done to aid in this trade association's reform. What dis- turbs me about this kind of crap is that it is reprinted from Grade Teacher (which I am not familiar with) and I would dislike it if my kid or somebody else's was hustled with this kind of information. If you can't do anything with this, discard it. I merely wanted to put it into hands that could do more with it, potentially, than I. Regards, BM Bill Wolf, Editor P.s. Enclosed is most recent Dyette Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/tkpj0226 o * The storycfsoft drinks. $ IN IT/ area " 2 5 1 9 Bottle Washing Systems Control Systems control in a soft drink Chemistry also plays an impor- Cosmetic Act. passed in 1938. Most Returnable bottles must be given a thorough cleaning and sanitizing manufacturing plant requires knowl- tant role in the mamufacturing of car- of the state laws are patterned after it. before being refilled. Bottles are edge of the principles of engineering bonated beverages. Because the These laws and regulations are de- and chemistry as well as business proper balance of inqredients in the signed to protect the consumer as well washed by soaking or flushing with if the plant is filling one-trip soft must be maintained, as to serve as an operational guide ladministration. Engineering concerns caustic soda solutions. followed by a bottles or cans which will not be re- construction of the plant, proper in- quality control tests are run continu- for manufacturers. thorough scrubbing inside and out. turned, caustic washing is not neces- istallation and maintenance of bottling ously. Chemical research also helps Then they are carefully rinsed with sary These containers come from machinery, packaging equipment. and develop mew solt drink ingredients potable water before filling. bottle and can manufacturing com- warehousing and delivery fleels. Il leading to better products and more Each state has legal require- panies in a sanitary wrapping, and at sound engineering doesn 1 develop efficient plant operations. ments governing sanitation in lood most need only to be rinsed by air or a smooth flow of products through the The soft drink plant is subject to processing plants including bottle water before filling plant, unnecessary work may be both federal and state laws and regu- washing. Machines which wash re- required and production costs will lations. The most familiar law on this turnable bottles are fully automatic Packaging increase. subject is the Federal Food, Drug and and bottles need not be touched by workers before filling. After washing, Once filled, the containers con- the bottles are fully inspected man- tinue along the manufacturing line ually, or by electronic devices de- and are automatically set in six-pack signed for that purpose. carton carriers, or whatever type of retail packaging is desired. Small containers are usually cartoned or cased in lots of 24, quart sizes in lote of 12. The cases are stacked one on (top of another on a wooden platform about four leet square. They're then stored in a warehouse until they're loaded anto delivery trucks. 10 11 How do soft drinks fit into the through normal foods, but we still First. many people have noticed that balanced diet? A balanced diet in- need to drink about 5-6 glasses a day. soft drinks helo settle upset stomachs cludes anywhere from 2,300 to 3,800 Soft drinks are about 90% purified Modern theory holds that the carbona- calories a day depending on age and water. And soft drinks) good taste tion is responsible for this settling amount of activity. An 8-ounce soft quenches thirst and encourages effect. Soft Drinks drink contains about 100 calories. liquid intake Second when you sio a soft And because they are in the form of Doctors leven prescribe soft drink, you take a break from what and Health sugar, they convert almost instantly drinks sometimes for colds and to pre- you re doing and relax. The refresh- into energy. That` one reason why soit vent dehydration from virus infections. ing tingle provides a psychological drinks are particularly. greshing alter There are two other ways soft lift and helps ease some of the physical activity. Or mid-way through drinks can contribute lo good health. day` tensions. a tiring afternoon. Water is anotheri important in- gredient of a balanced diet. Our bodies need water to digest lood to make the chemical changes that pro- vide our muscles with energy; to SPECIAL regulate temperature, lubricate joints, get rid of wastes: and in the lungs to absorti oxygen and expel carbon dioxide. Much of the water we can get Source: https:/lwww.industrydocuments.ucstedu/docs/tkpI0226 12 13 Some may be surprised to leam following flavors for soda water were creased during the same period from public if serves. The National Soft effor by bottlers who used their consumers to dispose of soft drink that the beginning of the soft drink advertised pineapple, black cherry about two to about 350 8-oz servings Drink Association, which represents equipment to collect 50 million containers properly. and to further industry In our country dates back to orange, apple strawberry, raspberry per person per year Much of this bottlers producing about 90 percent pounds of scrap metal for the war encourage and participate in research the founding of the Republic itsell pear melon, temon, increase can be traced to new ways of of soft drinks sold in the Nation, works effort. In addition, the Office of Civilian to find new methods of handling American scientists became inter- cherry plum, grape. apricot and marketing soft drinks For example, closely with all elements of the indus- Defense was given a list of solt drink solid waste. ested in the natural effervescent quali- peach. The soft industry was automatici vending machines ap- try to assure that continuous attention plants equipped to furnish potable The future role of the soft drink ties of mineral waten and studied their on its way peared in 1937 and in 1954 vending is given to product and packaging water in case of emergency. More industry in America is expected to be chemistry as early as 1773 A leader By 1870, the densus reported machines for soft drinks in cups quality controls. recently, the industry has become one of continued growth and in- in this research was Dr Benjamin 387 soda water bottling plants The appeared at about the same tilme as Individual companies and the acutely concerned with the problems creased activities in areas of social Rush of Philiadelohia Others who took growth continued to an -time high canned soft drinks industry, as represented by the of solid waste disposal and the pre- betterment, Because the industry has a scientifici Interest in mineral waters of 8,220 plants before the economic Throughtuut its history, the soft Association, have also undertaken vention of littering. Considerable effort grown and developed with America, it included Benjamin Franklin, Thomas crash of 1929. Following the depres- drink industry has endeavored to many public service projects. Notable has been expended in developing will continue to reflect and support Jefferson, and James Madison sion, the number of plants tremained produce high quality products for the among these was the World War Il educational programs to encourage forward thrusts of national progress. Of course, the kmowledge of gas at about 6,000 until the mid 1950's. vapors entrapped in mineral waters Since then, the number has declined - the attempts to produce this steadily to the present level of about artificially-go back to Europe in the 3.000 plants 16th century In the early part of the Soft drink consumption, on the 1 7th century, the vapior in the bubbles other hand, has steadily increased was identified by a new word, "gas" from about 36 million 8-oz servings in or "fixed air An Englishman by the 1850, to about 72 billion servings in name of Joseph Priestley published 1970, Per capita consumption in- - the first paper on how to impregnate water with gas in 1772. He couldn'i produce the gas himself so the galh- Soft Drinks ered it from the lop of fermenting vata In 1807 in New Haven Benjamin Develop in the Silliman opened the first establishi United States ment for selling bottled Soda Water The first United States patens for pre- paring artificial mineral water was Issued to Joseph Hawkins in 1809 In 1850 the United States Bureau of the Census reported 64 plants making bortled soda water By 1860. the census reported 123 plants, four of which were operating in Washington D.C., during the Civil War. In 1865, the 14 15 According to a 29 state survey by The third, and probably best Try one of these sparkling punch Sweetheart Punch 1 pt, heavy eream the National Academy of Sciences in overall solution to the litter problem, recipes at your next party But be 2 gts cherry soda Va tbs. cinnamon Washington, about 8.75% of all road- is public education, And here's where sure to make a lot of it Once your 1 qt orange soda Pour 3 bottles of cola into ice Support side litter is soft drink containers. the soft drink industry is most active. guests taste it, it won't last long. 1 gf temon-lim soda cube trays and freeze until mushy Your Although the percentage in some Individual bottlers are helping their Freeze one quart of cherry isoda Whip cream until frothy, mix with areas is higher than the national communities set up anti-litter pro- Party for beverage cubes. Chill remaining sugar Scrape out frozen cola into Local average, the overall percentage is still grams and provide booklets, films and carbonated beverages. When ready punch bowl add cream, then pour in Trash not very high (paper accounted for other "fight litter" materials to achools Punches to serve, shave or crack beverage remaining battles of cola Stir lightly, 59%, for example). Nevertheless, be- and other interested groups. They're cubes. Place in punch bowl, add sprinkle with cinnamoni Serves 36 Basket cause soft drink containers are easily sponsoring anti-litter ads, television other soft drinks. Makes 24 punch- punch-size cups visible they re oiten blamed in error. and radio commercials and bill- size cuos. The soft drink industry supports boards. Anti-litter messages are ap- Sparkling Tea Punch three general solutions to the litter pearing on soft drink delivery trucks Cranberry Holiday Punch ats ginger ale problem. The first is realistic anti- and on soft drink packages. And 1. 2 grs. gingerale 116 cups granulated sugar litter laws that are both enforceable nally, bottlera are supporters of Keep 1 at orange isoda cup hot water and enforced Not only are present America Beautiful, our national anti- 8 lozs. lemon. lime soda cup lemon Juice laws almost impossible to enforce, but litter organization 2 cups cranberry juice docktail cups orange juice they also carry such high fines that There's one more point that Freeze one quart ginger ale for cup pineapple Juice many judges are hesitant to convict should be mentioned in connection beverage cubes Chill remaining soft cups double-strength tea anybody. One suggestion has been to with the litter problem. That is, objects drinks. When ready to serve pour 12-02. bottle traspberry soda give a summons for littering similar don't create litter, people do, So cranberry luice and carbonated mint leaves to a traffic ticket. The defendant blarning any one particular littered beverages Into punch bowl. Float Freeze one quart ginger ale for would then pay a fine by mail or object won't help solve the problem beverage cubes Gamish with orange beverage cubes Boil sugar and water appear for trial, because the problem is people. And alices and mini leaves Serves 24 5 minutes. Combine with fruit Juices The second solution revolves the ultimate solution is this simple: punch-size aups and tea. Chill. Just before serving, Don't litter. add thoroughly chilled carbonated around equipment and new systems Cherub Cloud Punch for lifter collection and disposal Part beverages. Float sparkling cubes Solid Waste 41/2 gts cola, chilled of the solution may be as simple as and mint leaves. Serves 40 punch- The average American citizen 14 cup sugar size cups. having more trashbaskets placed where they are needed. Il nothing generates about 1,800 pounds of solid else, more baskets may help reduce waste a year. And we'r running out -T7r7 2 some of the litter overflowing our of practical ways to get rid of it. present trashbaskets. Also being de- Although solt drink containers only account for about 1% of all our /f5 veroped are new systems of litter collection, such as the experimental solid waste (according to a survey litter-eating machine in Connecticut done by the U.S. Department of that uses a huge vacuum snout to pick Health, Education and Wellare). the up highway litter, then dumps it in a softdrink industry is concerned. It trailer following behind. Finally, re- supports the programs of the glass search is being done on such novel and metal manufacturers to collect solutions as plastic bottles which turn and recycle used containers. These into powder after several months used bottles and cans can often be exposure to the sun, and glass con- broken down and converted into new tainers that can be washed down containers. Also, research is being the drain done to discover new ways to utilize old products. Ground glass, for ax- ample, is being tested as a road building material and as an ingredient in building blocks and glass wool insulation. Source: https://www.industrydoduments.ucsi.edu/docs/kp226 16 if you would like to have the soft drink story for your class. you can- via an entertaining 15 minute slide film. The film traces the history of soft drinks, the growth of the industry, the place of solt drinks in the balanced diet and much more with bright car- toons and fuil color photographs, If is accompanied by two 331/s in. record sound tracks. One for automatio and the other for manual film advance. The story is designed to interest mid- die elementary school level children and older. The film kit plus teacher's guide is available for $3.50. For your copy, fill in and mail the coupon below. Or write National Soft Drink Association, 1101 Sixteenth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036. Now that you've read the book, see the film. National Soft Drink Association 1101 Sixteenth Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036 Please send me copies of your sound-slide film. Enclosed is (number of copies x $3.50). Name School name. Street City. State Zip Please make check or money order payable to. National Solt Drink Association Reprinted from GRADE TEACHER Magazine Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/tkpj0226

who is the editor who signed this letter?

tkpj0226

tkpj0226_p0, tkpj0226_p1, tkpj0226_p2, tkpj0226_p3, tkpj0226_p4, tkpj0226_p5, tkpj0226_p6, tkpj0226_p7, tkpj0226_p8, tkpj0226_p9, tkpj0226_p10

Bill Wolf

Arders tar Healtt Claims Old Panablet. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/tkpj0226 THE CON/UMAR gazes A DIVISION OF THE UNITED CONSUMER SERVICE CORPORATION 466 LEXINGTON AVENUE / NEW YORK CITY/10017 212 532/8840 17 March 1975 Dear Michael Jacobson, nis has nothing to do with what we discussed earlier today, but I hoped you might make some use of the enclosed, especially the nonsense we underlined on p.10, and I hope something can be done to aid in this trade association's reform. What dis- turbs me about this kind of crap is that it is reprinted from Grade Teacher (which I am not familiar with) and I would dislike it if my kid or somebody else's was hustled with this kind of information. If you can't do anything with this, discard it. I merely wanted to put it into hands that could do more with it, potentially, than I. Regards, BM Bill Wolf, Editor P.s. Enclosed is most recent Dyette Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/tkpj0226 o * The storycfsoft drinks. $ IN IT/ area " 2 5 1 9 Bottle Washing Systems Control Systems control in a soft drink Chemistry also plays an impor- Cosmetic Act. passed in 1938. Most Returnable bottles must be given a thorough cleaning and sanitizing manufacturing plant requires knowl- tant role in the mamufacturing of car- of the state laws are patterned after it. before being refilled. Bottles are edge of the principles of engineering bonated beverages. Because the These laws and regulations are de- and chemistry as well as business proper balance of inqredients in the signed to protect the consumer as well washed by soaking or flushing with if the plant is filling one-trip soft must be maintained, as to serve as an operational guide ladministration. Engineering concerns caustic soda solutions. followed by a bottles or cans which will not be re- construction of the plant, proper in- quality control tests are run continu- for manufacturers. thorough scrubbing inside and out. turned, caustic washing is not neces- istallation and maintenance of bottling ously. Chemical research also helps Then they are carefully rinsed with sary These containers come from machinery, packaging equipment. and develop mew solt drink ingredients potable water before filling. bottle and can manufacturing com- warehousing and delivery fleels. Il leading to better products and more Each state has legal require- panies in a sanitary wrapping, and at sound engineering doesn 1 develop efficient plant operations. ments governing sanitation in lood most need only to be rinsed by air or a smooth flow of products through the The soft drink plant is subject to processing plants including bottle water before filling plant, unnecessary work may be both federal and state laws and regu- washing. Machines which wash re- required and production costs will lations. The most familiar law on this turnable bottles are fully automatic Packaging increase. subject is the Federal Food, Drug and and bottles need not be touched by workers before filling. After washing, Once filled, the containers con- the bottles are fully inspected man- tinue along the manufacturing line ually, or by electronic devices de- and are automatically set in six-pack signed for that purpose. carton carriers, or whatever type of retail packaging is desired. Small containers are usually cartoned or cased in lots of 24, quart sizes in lote of 12. The cases are stacked one on (top of another on a wooden platform about four leet square. They're then stored in a warehouse until they're loaded anto delivery trucks. 10 11 How do soft drinks fit into the through normal foods, but we still First. many people have noticed that balanced diet? A balanced diet in- need to drink about 5-6 glasses a day. soft drinks helo settle upset stomachs cludes anywhere from 2,300 to 3,800 Soft drinks are about 90% purified Modern theory holds that the carbona- calories a day depending on age and water. And soft drinks) good taste tion is responsible for this settling amount of activity. An 8-ounce soft quenches thirst and encourages effect. Soft Drinks drink contains about 100 calories. liquid intake Second when you sio a soft And because they are in the form of Doctors leven prescribe soft drink, you take a break from what and Health sugar, they convert almost instantly drinks sometimes for colds and to pre- you re doing and relax. The refresh- into energy. That` one reason why soit vent dehydration from virus infections. ing tingle provides a psychological drinks are particularly. greshing alter There are two other ways soft lift and helps ease some of the physical activity. Or mid-way through drinks can contribute lo good health. day` tensions. a tiring afternoon. Water is anotheri important in- gredient of a balanced diet. Our bodies need water to digest lood to make the chemical changes that pro- vide our muscles with energy; to SPECIAL regulate temperature, lubricate joints, get rid of wastes: and in the lungs to absorti oxygen and expel carbon dioxide. Much of the water we can get Source: https:/lwww.industrydocuments.ucstedu/docs/tkpI0226 12 13 Some may be surprised to leam following flavors for soda water were creased during the same period from public if serves. The National Soft effor by bottlers who used their consumers to dispose of soft drink that the beginning of the soft drink advertised pineapple, black cherry about two to about 350 8-oz servings Drink Association, which represents equipment to collect 50 million containers properly. and to further industry In our country dates back to orange, apple strawberry, raspberry per person per year Much of this bottlers producing about 90 percent pounds of scrap metal for the war encourage and participate in research the founding of the Republic itsell pear melon, temon, increase can be traced to new ways of of soft drinks sold in the Nation, works effort. In addition, the Office of Civilian to find new methods of handling American scientists became inter- cherry plum, grape. apricot and marketing soft drinks For example, closely with all elements of the indus- Defense was given a list of solt drink solid waste. ested in the natural effervescent quali- peach. The soft industry was automatici vending machines ap- try to assure that continuous attention plants equipped to furnish potable The future role of the soft drink ties of mineral waten and studied their on its way peared in 1937 and in 1954 vending is given to product and packaging water in case of emergency. More industry in America is expected to be chemistry as early as 1773 A leader By 1870, the densus reported machines for soft drinks in cups quality controls. recently, the industry has become one of continued growth and in- in this research was Dr Benjamin 387 soda water bottling plants The appeared at about the same tilme as Individual companies and the acutely concerned with the problems creased activities in areas of social Rush of Philiadelohia Others who took growth continued to an -time high canned soft drinks industry, as represented by the of solid waste disposal and the pre- betterment, Because the industry has a scientifici Interest in mineral waters of 8,220 plants before the economic Throughtuut its history, the soft Association, have also undertaken vention of littering. Considerable effort grown and developed with America, it included Benjamin Franklin, Thomas crash of 1929. Following the depres- drink industry has endeavored to many public service projects. Notable has been expended in developing will continue to reflect and support Jefferson, and James Madison sion, the number of plants tremained produce high quality products for the among these was the World War Il educational programs to encourage forward thrusts of national progress. Of course, the kmowledge of gas at about 6,000 until the mid 1950's. vapors entrapped in mineral waters Since then, the number has declined - the attempts to produce this steadily to the present level of about artificially-go back to Europe in the 3.000 plants 16th century In the early part of the Soft drink consumption, on the 1 7th century, the vapior in the bubbles other hand, has steadily increased was identified by a new word, "gas" from about 36 million 8-oz servings in or "fixed air An Englishman by the 1850, to about 72 billion servings in name of Joseph Priestley published 1970, Per capita consumption in- - the first paper on how to impregnate water with gas in 1772. He couldn'i produce the gas himself so the galh- Soft Drinks ered it from the lop of fermenting vata In 1807 in New Haven Benjamin Develop in the Silliman opened the first establishi United States ment for selling bottled Soda Water The first United States patens for pre- paring artificial mineral water was Issued to Joseph Hawkins in 1809 In 1850 the United States Bureau of the Census reported 64 plants making bortled soda water By 1860. the census reported 123 plants, four of which were operating in Washington D.C., during the Civil War. In 1865, the 14 15 According to a 29 state survey by The third, and probably best Try one of these sparkling punch Sweetheart Punch 1 pt, heavy eream the National Academy of Sciences in overall solution to the litter problem, recipes at your next party But be 2 gts cherry soda Va tbs. cinnamon Washington, about 8.75% of all road- is public education, And here's where sure to make a lot of it Once your 1 qt orange soda Pour 3 bottles of cola into ice Support side litter is soft drink containers. the soft drink industry is most active. guests taste it, it won't last long. 1 gf temon-lim soda cube trays and freeze until mushy Your Although the percentage in some Individual bottlers are helping their Freeze one quart of cherry isoda Whip cream until frothy, mix with areas is higher than the national communities set up anti-litter pro- Party for beverage cubes. Chill remaining sugar Scrape out frozen cola into Local average, the overall percentage is still grams and provide booklets, films and carbonated beverages. When ready punch bowl add cream, then pour in Trash not very high (paper accounted for other "fight litter" materials to achools Punches to serve, shave or crack beverage remaining battles of cola Stir lightly, 59%, for example). Nevertheless, be- and other interested groups. They're cubes. Place in punch bowl, add sprinkle with cinnamoni Serves 36 Basket cause soft drink containers are easily sponsoring anti-litter ads, television other soft drinks. Makes 24 punch- punch-size cups visible they re oiten blamed in error. and radio commercials and bill- size cuos. The soft drink industry supports boards. Anti-litter messages are ap- Sparkling Tea Punch three general solutions to the litter pearing on soft drink delivery trucks Cranberry Holiday Punch ats ginger ale problem. The first is realistic anti- and on soft drink packages. And 1. 2 grs. gingerale 116 cups granulated sugar litter laws that are both enforceable nally, bottlera are supporters of Keep 1 at orange isoda cup hot water and enforced Not only are present America Beautiful, our national anti- 8 lozs. lemon. lime soda cup lemon Juice laws almost impossible to enforce, but litter organization 2 cups cranberry juice docktail cups orange juice they also carry such high fines that There's one more point that Freeze one quart ginger ale for cup pineapple Juice many judges are hesitant to convict should be mentioned in connection beverage cubes Chill remaining soft cups double-strength tea anybody. One suggestion has been to with the litter problem. That is, objects drinks. When ready to serve pour 12-02. bottle traspberry soda give a summons for littering similar don't create litter, people do, So cranberry luice and carbonated mint leaves to a traffic ticket. The defendant blarning any one particular littered beverages Into punch bowl. Float Freeze one quart ginger ale for would then pay a fine by mail or object won't help solve the problem beverage cubes Gamish with orange beverage cubes Boil sugar and water appear for trial, because the problem is people. And alices and mini leaves Serves 24 5 minutes. Combine with fruit Juices The second solution revolves the ultimate solution is this simple: punch-size aups and tea. Chill. Just before serving, Don't litter. add thoroughly chilled carbonated around equipment and new systems Cherub Cloud Punch for lifter collection and disposal Part beverages. Float sparkling cubes Solid Waste 41/2 gts cola, chilled of the solution may be as simple as and mint leaves. Serves 40 punch- The average American citizen 14 cup sugar size cups. having more trashbaskets placed where they are needed. Il nothing generates about 1,800 pounds of solid else, more baskets may help reduce waste a year. And we'r running out -T7r7 2 some of the litter overflowing our of practical ways to get rid of it. present trashbaskets. Also being de- Although solt drink containers only account for about 1% of all our /f5 veroped are new systems of litter collection, such as the experimental solid waste (according to a survey litter-eating machine in Connecticut done by the U.S. Department of that uses a huge vacuum snout to pick Health, Education and Wellare). the up highway litter, then dumps it in a softdrink industry is concerned. It trailer following behind. Finally, re- supports the programs of the glass search is being done on such novel and metal manufacturers to collect solutions as plastic bottles which turn and recycle used containers. These into powder after several months used bottles and cans can often be exposure to the sun, and glass con- broken down and converted into new tainers that can be washed down containers. Also, research is being the drain done to discover new ways to utilize old products. Ground glass, for ax- ample, is being tested as a road building material and as an ingredient in building blocks and glass wool insulation. Source: https://www.industrydoduments.ucsi.edu/docs/kp226 16 if you would like to have the soft drink story for your class. you can- via an entertaining 15 minute slide film. The film traces the history of soft drinks, the growth of the industry, the place of solt drinks in the balanced diet and much more with bright car- toons and fuil color photographs, If is accompanied by two 331/s in. record sound tracks. One for automatio and the other for manual film advance. The story is designed to interest mid- die elementary school level children and older. The film kit plus teacher's guide is available for $3.50. For your copy, fill in and mail the coupon below. Or write National Soft Drink Association, 1101 Sixteenth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036. Now that you've read the book, see the film. National Soft Drink Association 1101 Sixteenth Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036 Please send me copies of your sound-slide film. Enclosed is (number of copies x $3.50). Name School name. Street City. State Zip Please make check or money order payable to. National Solt Drink Association Reprinted from GRADE TEACHER Magazine Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/tkpj0226

under which corporation this letter has been written

tkpj0226

tkpj0226_p0, tkpj0226_p1, tkpj0226_p2, tkpj0226_p3, tkpj0226_p4, tkpj0226_p5, tkpj0226_p6, tkpj0226_p7, tkpj0226_p8, tkpj0226_p9, tkpj0226_p10

united consumer service corporation, The United Consumer Service Corporation

Arders tar Healtt Claims Old Panablet. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/tkpj0226 THE CON/UMAR gazes A DIVISION OF THE UNITED CONSUMER SERVICE CORPORATION 466 LEXINGTON AVENUE / NEW YORK CITY/10017 212 532/8840 17 March 1975 Dear Michael Jacobson, nis has nothing to do with what we discussed earlier today, but I hoped you might make some use of the enclosed, especially the nonsense we underlined on p.10, and I hope something can be done to aid in this trade association's reform. What dis- turbs me about this kind of crap is that it is reprinted from Grade Teacher (which I am not familiar with) and I would dislike it if my kid or somebody else's was hustled with this kind of information. If you can't do anything with this, discard it. I merely wanted to put it into hands that could do more with it, potentially, than I. Regards, BM Bill Wolf, Editor P.s. Enclosed is most recent Dyette Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/tkpj0226 o * The storycfsoft drinks. $ IN IT/ area " 2 5 1 9 Bottle Washing Systems Control Systems control in a soft drink Chemistry also plays an impor- Cosmetic Act. passed in 1938. Most Returnable bottles must be given a thorough cleaning and sanitizing manufacturing plant requires knowl- tant role in the mamufacturing of car- of the state laws are patterned after it. before being refilled. Bottles are edge of the principles of engineering bonated beverages. Because the These laws and regulations are de- and chemistry as well as business proper balance of inqredients in the signed to protect the consumer as well washed by soaking or flushing with if the plant is filling one-trip soft must be maintained, as to serve as an operational guide ladministration. Engineering concerns caustic soda solutions. followed by a bottles or cans which will not be re- construction of the plant, proper in- quality control tests are run continu- for manufacturers. thorough scrubbing inside and out. turned, caustic washing is not neces- istallation and maintenance of bottling ously. Chemical research also helps Then they are carefully rinsed with sary These containers come from machinery, packaging equipment. and develop mew solt drink ingredients potable water before filling. bottle and can manufacturing com- warehousing and delivery fleels. Il leading to better products and more Each state has legal require- panies in a sanitary wrapping, and at sound engineering doesn 1 develop efficient plant operations. ments governing sanitation in lood most need only to be rinsed by air or a smooth flow of products through the The soft drink plant is subject to processing plants including bottle water before filling plant, unnecessary work may be both federal and state laws and regu- washing. Machines which wash re- required and production costs will lations. The most familiar law on this turnable bottles are fully automatic Packaging increase. subject is the Federal Food, Drug and and bottles need not be touched by workers before filling. After washing, Once filled, the containers con- the bottles are fully inspected man- tinue along the manufacturing line ually, or by electronic devices de- and are automatically set in six-pack signed for that purpose. carton carriers, or whatever type of retail packaging is desired. Small containers are usually cartoned or cased in lots of 24, quart sizes in lote of 12. The cases are stacked one on (top of another on a wooden platform about four leet square. They're then stored in a warehouse until they're loaded anto delivery trucks. 10 11 How do soft drinks fit into the through normal foods, but we still First. many people have noticed that balanced diet? A balanced diet in- need to drink about 5-6 glasses a day. soft drinks helo settle upset stomachs cludes anywhere from 2,300 to 3,800 Soft drinks are about 90% purified Modern theory holds that the carbona- calories a day depending on age and water. And soft drinks) good taste tion is responsible for this settling amount of activity. An 8-ounce soft quenches thirst and encourages effect. Soft Drinks drink contains about 100 calories. liquid intake Second when you sio a soft And because they are in the form of Doctors leven prescribe soft drink, you take a break from what and Health sugar, they convert almost instantly drinks sometimes for colds and to pre- you re doing and relax. The refresh- into energy. That` one reason why soit vent dehydration from virus infections. ing tingle provides a psychological drinks are particularly. greshing alter There are two other ways soft lift and helps ease some of the physical activity. Or mid-way through drinks can contribute lo good health. day` tensions. a tiring afternoon. Water is anotheri important in- gredient of a balanced diet. Our bodies need water to digest lood to make the chemical changes that pro- vide our muscles with energy; to SPECIAL regulate temperature, lubricate joints, get rid of wastes: and in the lungs to absorti oxygen and expel carbon dioxide. Much of the water we can get Source: https:/lwww.industrydocuments.ucstedu/docs/tkpI0226 12 13 Some may be surprised to leam following flavors for soda water were creased during the same period from public if serves. The National Soft effor by bottlers who used their consumers to dispose of soft drink that the beginning of the soft drink advertised pineapple, black cherry about two to about 350 8-oz servings Drink Association, which represents equipment to collect 50 million containers properly. and to further industry In our country dates back to orange, apple strawberry, raspberry per person per year Much of this bottlers producing about 90 percent pounds of scrap metal for the war encourage and participate in research the founding of the Republic itsell pear melon, temon, increase can be traced to new ways of of soft drinks sold in the Nation, works effort. In addition, the Office of Civilian to find new methods of handling American scientists became inter- cherry plum, grape. apricot and marketing soft drinks For example, closely with all elements of the indus- Defense was given a list of solt drink solid waste. ested in the natural effervescent quali- peach. The soft industry was automatici vending machines ap- try to assure that continuous attention plants equipped to furnish potable The future role of the soft drink ties of mineral waten and studied their on its way peared in 1937 and in 1954 vending is given to product and packaging water in case of emergency. More industry in America is expected to be chemistry as early as 1773 A leader By 1870, the densus reported machines for soft drinks in cups quality controls. recently, the industry has become one of continued growth and in- in this research was Dr Benjamin 387 soda water bottling plants The appeared at about the same tilme as Individual companies and the acutely concerned with the problems creased activities in areas of social Rush of Philiadelohia Others who took growth continued to an -time high canned soft drinks industry, as represented by the of solid waste disposal and the pre- betterment, Because the industry has a scientifici Interest in mineral waters of 8,220 plants before the economic Throughtuut its history, the soft Association, have also undertaken vention of littering. Considerable effort grown and developed with America, it included Benjamin Franklin, Thomas crash of 1929. Following the depres- drink industry has endeavored to many public service projects. Notable has been expended in developing will continue to reflect and support Jefferson, and James Madison sion, the number of plants tremained produce high quality products for the among these was the World War Il educational programs to encourage forward thrusts of national progress. Of course, the kmowledge of gas at about 6,000 until the mid 1950's. vapors entrapped in mineral waters Since then, the number has declined - the attempts to produce this steadily to the present level of about artificially-go back to Europe in the 3.000 plants 16th century In the early part of the Soft drink consumption, on the 1 7th century, the vapior in the bubbles other hand, has steadily increased was identified by a new word, "gas" from about 36 million 8-oz servings in or "fixed air An Englishman by the 1850, to about 72 billion servings in name of Joseph Priestley published 1970, Per capita consumption in- - the first paper on how to impregnate water with gas in 1772. He couldn'i produce the gas himself so the galh- Soft Drinks ered it from the lop of fermenting vata In 1807 in New Haven Benjamin Develop in the Silliman opened the first establishi United States ment for selling bottled Soda Water The first United States patens for pre- paring artificial mineral water was Issued to Joseph Hawkins in 1809 In 1850 the United States Bureau of the Census reported 64 plants making bortled soda water By 1860. the census reported 123 plants, four of which were operating in Washington D.C., during the Civil War. In 1865, the 14 15 According to a 29 state survey by The third, and probably best Try one of these sparkling punch Sweetheart Punch 1 pt, heavy eream the National Academy of Sciences in overall solution to the litter problem, recipes at your next party But be 2 gts cherry soda Va tbs. cinnamon Washington, about 8.75% of all road- is public education, And here's where sure to make a lot of it Once your 1 qt orange soda Pour 3 bottles of cola into ice Support side litter is soft drink containers. the soft drink industry is most active. guests taste it, it won't last long. 1 gf temon-lim soda cube trays and freeze until mushy Your Although the percentage in some Individual bottlers are helping their Freeze one quart of cherry isoda Whip cream until frothy, mix with areas is higher than the national communities set up anti-litter pro- Party for beverage cubes. Chill remaining sugar Scrape out frozen cola into Local average, the overall percentage is still grams and provide booklets, films and carbonated beverages. When ready punch bowl add cream, then pour in Trash not very high (paper accounted for other "fight litter" materials to achools Punches to serve, shave or crack beverage remaining battles of cola Stir lightly, 59%, for example). Nevertheless, be- and other interested groups. They're cubes. Place in punch bowl, add sprinkle with cinnamoni Serves 36 Basket cause soft drink containers are easily sponsoring anti-litter ads, television other soft drinks. Makes 24 punch- punch-size cups visible they re oiten blamed in error. and radio commercials and bill- size cuos. The soft drink industry supports boards. Anti-litter messages are ap- Sparkling Tea Punch three general solutions to the litter pearing on soft drink delivery trucks Cranberry Holiday Punch ats ginger ale problem. The first is realistic anti- and on soft drink packages. And 1. 2 grs. gingerale 116 cups granulated sugar litter laws that are both enforceable nally, bottlera are supporters of Keep 1 at orange isoda cup hot water and enforced Not only are present America Beautiful, our national anti- 8 lozs. lemon. lime soda cup lemon Juice laws almost impossible to enforce, but litter organization 2 cups cranberry juice docktail cups orange juice they also carry such high fines that There's one more point that Freeze one quart ginger ale for cup pineapple Juice many judges are hesitant to convict should be mentioned in connection beverage cubes Chill remaining soft cups double-strength tea anybody. One suggestion has been to with the litter problem. That is, objects drinks. When ready to serve pour 12-02. bottle traspberry soda give a summons for littering similar don't create litter, people do, So cranberry luice and carbonated mint leaves to a traffic ticket. The defendant blarning any one particular littered beverages Into punch bowl. Float Freeze one quart ginger ale for would then pay a fine by mail or object won't help solve the problem beverage cubes Gamish with orange beverage cubes Boil sugar and water appear for trial, because the problem is people. And alices and mini leaves Serves 24 5 minutes. Combine with fruit Juices The second solution revolves the ultimate solution is this simple: punch-size aups and tea. Chill. Just before serving, Don't litter. add thoroughly chilled carbonated around equipment and new systems Cherub Cloud Punch for lifter collection and disposal Part beverages. Float sparkling cubes Solid Waste 41/2 gts cola, chilled of the solution may be as simple as and mint leaves. Serves 40 punch- The average American citizen 14 cup sugar size cups. having more trashbaskets placed where they are needed. Il nothing generates about 1,800 pounds of solid else, more baskets may help reduce waste a year. And we'r running out -T7r7 2 some of the litter overflowing our of practical ways to get rid of it. present trashbaskets. Also being de- Although solt drink containers only account for about 1% of all our /f5 veroped are new systems of litter collection, such as the experimental solid waste (according to a survey litter-eating machine in Connecticut done by the U.S. Department of that uses a huge vacuum snout to pick Health, Education and Wellare). the up highway litter, then dumps it in a softdrink industry is concerned. It trailer following behind. Finally, re- supports the programs of the glass search is being done on such novel and metal manufacturers to collect solutions as plastic bottles which turn and recycle used containers. These into powder after several months used bottles and cans can often be exposure to the sun, and glass con- broken down and converted into new tainers that can be washed down containers. Also, research is being the drain done to discover new ways to utilize old products. Ground glass, for ax- ample, is being tested as a road building material and as an ingredient in building blocks and glass wool insulation. Source: https://www.industrydoduments.ucsi.edu/docs/kp226 16 if you would like to have the soft drink story for your class. you can- via an entertaining 15 minute slide film. The film traces the history of soft drinks, the growth of the industry, the place of solt drinks in the balanced diet and much more with bright car- toons and fuil color photographs, If is accompanied by two 331/s in. record sound tracks. One for automatio and the other for manual film advance. The story is designed to interest mid- die elementary school level children and older. The film kit plus teacher's guide is available for $3.50. For your copy, fill in and mail the coupon below. Or write National Soft Drink Association, 1101 Sixteenth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036. Now that you've read the book, see the film. National Soft Drink Association 1101 Sixteenth Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036 Please send me copies of your sound-slide film. Enclosed is (number of copies x $3.50). Name School name. Street City. State Zip Please make check or money order payable to. National Solt Drink Association Reprinted from GRADE TEACHER Magazine Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/tkpj0226

For what price is the film kit plus teacher's guide available?

tkpj0226

tkpj0226_p0, tkpj0226_p1, tkpj0226_p2, tkpj0226_p3, tkpj0226_p4, tkpj0226_p5, tkpj0226_p6, tkpj0226_p7, tkpj0226_p8, tkpj0226_p9, tkpj0226_p10

is available for $3.50.

Arders tar Healtt Claims Old Panablet. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/tkpj0226 THE CON/UMAR gazes A DIVISION OF THE UNITED CONSUMER SERVICE CORPORATION 466 LEXINGTON AVENUE / NEW YORK CITY/10017 212 532/8840 17 March 1975 Dear Michael Jacobson, nis has nothing to do with what we discussed earlier today, but I hoped you might make some use of the enclosed, especially the nonsense we underlined on p.10, and I hope something can be done to aid in this trade association's reform. What dis- turbs me about this kind of crap is that it is reprinted from Grade Teacher (which I am not familiar with) and I would dislike it if my kid or somebody else's was hustled with this kind of information. If you can't do anything with this, discard it. I merely wanted to put it into hands that could do more with it, potentially, than I. Regards, BM Bill Wolf, Editor P.s. Enclosed is most recent Dyette Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/tkpj0226 o * The storycfsoft drinks. $ IN IT/ area " 2 5 1 9 Bottle Washing Systems Control Systems control in a soft drink Chemistry also plays an impor- Cosmetic Act. passed in 1938. Most Returnable bottles must be given a thorough cleaning and sanitizing manufacturing plant requires knowl- tant role in the mamufacturing of car- of the state laws are patterned after it. before being refilled. Bottles are edge of the principles of engineering bonated beverages. Because the These laws and regulations are de- and chemistry as well as business proper balance of inqredients in the signed to protect the consumer as well washed by soaking or flushing with if the plant is filling one-trip soft must be maintained, as to serve as an operational guide ladministration. Engineering concerns caustic soda solutions. followed by a bottles or cans which will not be re- construction of the plant, proper in- quality control tests are run continu- for manufacturers. thorough scrubbing inside and out. turned, caustic washing is not neces- istallation and maintenance of bottling ously. Chemical research also helps Then they are carefully rinsed with sary These containers come from machinery, packaging equipment. and develop mew solt drink ingredients potable water before filling. bottle and can manufacturing com- warehousing and delivery fleels. Il leading to better products and more Each state has legal require- panies in a sanitary wrapping, and at sound engineering doesn 1 develop efficient plant operations. ments governing sanitation in lood most need only to be rinsed by air or a smooth flow of products through the The soft drink plant is subject to processing plants including bottle water before filling plant, unnecessary work may be both federal and state laws and regu- washing. Machines which wash re- required and production costs will lations. The most familiar law on this turnable bottles are fully automatic Packaging increase. subject is the Federal Food, Drug and and bottles need not be touched by workers before filling. After washing, Once filled, the containers con- the bottles are fully inspected man- tinue along the manufacturing line ually, or by electronic devices de- and are automatically set in six-pack signed for that purpose. carton carriers, or whatever type of retail packaging is desired. Small containers are usually cartoned or cased in lots of 24, quart sizes in lote of 12. The cases are stacked one on (top of another on a wooden platform about four leet square. They're then stored in a warehouse until they're loaded anto delivery trucks. 10 11 How do soft drinks fit into the through normal foods, but we still First. many people have noticed that balanced diet? A balanced diet in- need to drink about 5-6 glasses a day. soft drinks helo settle upset stomachs cludes anywhere from 2,300 to 3,800 Soft drinks are about 90% purified Modern theory holds that the carbona- calories a day depending on age and water. And soft drinks) good taste tion is responsible for this settling amount of activity. An 8-ounce soft quenches thirst and encourages effect. Soft Drinks drink contains about 100 calories. liquid intake Second when you sio a soft And because they are in the form of Doctors leven prescribe soft drink, you take a break from what and Health sugar, they convert almost instantly drinks sometimes for colds and to pre- you re doing and relax. The refresh- into energy. That` one reason why soit vent dehydration from virus infections. ing tingle provides a psychological drinks are particularly. greshing alter There are two other ways soft lift and helps ease some of the physical activity. Or mid-way through drinks can contribute lo good health. day` tensions. a tiring afternoon. Water is anotheri important in- gredient of a balanced diet. Our bodies need water to digest lood to make the chemical changes that pro- vide our muscles with energy; to SPECIAL regulate temperature, lubricate joints, get rid of wastes: and in the lungs to absorti oxygen and expel carbon dioxide. Much of the water we can get Source: https:/lwww.industrydocuments.ucstedu/docs/tkpI0226 12 13 Some may be surprised to leam following flavors for soda water were creased during the same period from public if serves. The National Soft effor by bottlers who used their consumers to dispose of soft drink that the beginning of the soft drink advertised pineapple, black cherry about two to about 350 8-oz servings Drink Association, which represents equipment to collect 50 million containers properly. and to further industry In our country dates back to orange, apple strawberry, raspberry per person per year Much of this bottlers producing about 90 percent pounds of scrap metal for the war encourage and participate in research the founding of the Republic itsell pear melon, temon, increase can be traced to new ways of of soft drinks sold in the Nation, works effort. In addition, the Office of Civilian to find new methods of handling American scientists became inter- cherry plum, grape. apricot and marketing soft drinks For example, closely with all elements of the indus- Defense was given a list of solt drink solid waste. ested in the natural effervescent quali- peach. The soft industry was automatici vending machines ap- try to assure that continuous attention plants equipped to furnish potable The future role of the soft drink ties of mineral waten and studied their on its way peared in 1937 and in 1954 vending is given to product and packaging water in case of emergency. More industry in America is expected to be chemistry as early as 1773 A leader By 1870, the densus reported machines for soft drinks in cups quality controls. recently, the industry has become one of continued growth and in- in this research was Dr Benjamin 387 soda water bottling plants The appeared at about the same tilme as Individual companies and the acutely concerned with the problems creased activities in areas of social Rush of Philiadelohia Others who took growth continued to an -time high canned soft drinks industry, as represented by the of solid waste disposal and the pre- betterment, Because the industry has a scientifici Interest in mineral waters of 8,220 plants before the economic Throughtuut its history, the soft Association, have also undertaken vention of littering. Considerable effort grown and developed with America, it included Benjamin Franklin, Thomas crash of 1929. Following the depres- drink industry has endeavored to many public service projects. Notable has been expended in developing will continue to reflect and support Jefferson, and James Madison sion, the number of plants tremained produce high quality products for the among these was the World War Il educational programs to encourage forward thrusts of national progress. Of course, the kmowledge of gas at about 6,000 until the mid 1950's. vapors entrapped in mineral waters Since then, the number has declined - the attempts to produce this steadily to the present level of about artificially-go back to Europe in the 3.000 plants 16th century In the early part of the Soft drink consumption, on the 1 7th century, the vapior in the bubbles other hand, has steadily increased was identified by a new word, "gas" from about 36 million 8-oz servings in or "fixed air An Englishman by the 1850, to about 72 billion servings in name of Joseph Priestley published 1970, Per capita consumption in- - the first paper on how to impregnate water with gas in 1772. He couldn'i produce the gas himself so the galh- Soft Drinks ered it from the lop of fermenting vata In 1807 in New Haven Benjamin Develop in the Silliman opened the first establishi United States ment for selling bottled Soda Water The first United States patens for pre- paring artificial mineral water was Issued to Joseph Hawkins in 1809 In 1850 the United States Bureau of the Census reported 64 plants making bortled soda water By 1860. the census reported 123 plants, four of which were operating in Washington D.C., during the Civil War. In 1865, the 14 15 According to a 29 state survey by The third, and probably best Try one of these sparkling punch Sweetheart Punch 1 pt, heavy eream the National Academy of Sciences in overall solution to the litter problem, recipes at your next party But be 2 gts cherry soda Va tbs. cinnamon Washington, about 8.75% of all road- is public education, And here's where sure to make a lot of it Once your 1 qt orange soda Pour 3 bottles of cola into ice Support side litter is soft drink containers. the soft drink industry is most active. guests taste it, it won't last long. 1 gf temon-lim soda cube trays and freeze until mushy Your Although the percentage in some Individual bottlers are helping their Freeze one quart of cherry isoda Whip cream until frothy, mix with areas is higher than the national communities set up anti-litter pro- Party for beverage cubes. Chill remaining sugar Scrape out frozen cola into Local average, the overall percentage is still grams and provide booklets, films and carbonated beverages. When ready punch bowl add cream, then pour in Trash not very high (paper accounted for other "fight litter" materials to achools Punches to serve, shave or crack beverage remaining battles of cola Stir lightly, 59%, for example). Nevertheless, be- and other interested groups. They're cubes. Place in punch bowl, add sprinkle with cinnamoni Serves 36 Basket cause soft drink containers are easily sponsoring anti-litter ads, television other soft drinks. Makes 24 punch- punch-size cups visible they re oiten blamed in error. and radio commercials and bill- size cuos. The soft drink industry supports boards. Anti-litter messages are ap- Sparkling Tea Punch three general solutions to the litter pearing on soft drink delivery trucks Cranberry Holiday Punch ats ginger ale problem. The first is realistic anti- and on soft drink packages. And 1. 2 grs. gingerale 116 cups granulated sugar litter laws that are both enforceable nally, bottlera are supporters of Keep 1 at orange isoda cup hot water and enforced Not only are present America Beautiful, our national anti- 8 lozs. lemon. lime soda cup lemon Juice laws almost impossible to enforce, but litter organization 2 cups cranberry juice docktail cups orange juice they also carry such high fines that There's one more point that Freeze one quart ginger ale for cup pineapple Juice many judges are hesitant to convict should be mentioned in connection beverage cubes Chill remaining soft cups double-strength tea anybody. One suggestion has been to with the litter problem. That is, objects drinks. When ready to serve pour 12-02. bottle traspberry soda give a summons for littering similar don't create litter, people do, So cranberry luice and carbonated mint leaves to a traffic ticket. The defendant blarning any one particular littered beverages Into punch bowl. Float Freeze one quart ginger ale for would then pay a fine by mail or object won't help solve the problem beverage cubes Gamish with orange beverage cubes Boil sugar and water appear for trial, because the problem is people. And alices and mini leaves Serves 24 5 minutes. Combine with fruit Juices The second solution revolves the ultimate solution is this simple: punch-size aups and tea. Chill. Just before serving, Don't litter. add thoroughly chilled carbonated around equipment and new systems Cherub Cloud Punch for lifter collection and disposal Part beverages. Float sparkling cubes Solid Waste 41/2 gts cola, chilled of the solution may be as simple as and mint leaves. Serves 40 punch- The average American citizen 14 cup sugar size cups. having more trashbaskets placed where they are needed. Il nothing generates about 1,800 pounds of solid else, more baskets may help reduce waste a year. And we'r running out -T7r7 2 some of the litter overflowing our of practical ways to get rid of it. present trashbaskets. Also being de- Although solt drink containers only account for about 1% of all our /f5 veroped are new systems of litter collection, such as the experimental solid waste (according to a survey litter-eating machine in Connecticut done by the U.S. Department of that uses a huge vacuum snout to pick Health, Education and Wellare). the up highway litter, then dumps it in a softdrink industry is concerned. It trailer following behind. Finally, re- supports the programs of the glass search is being done on such novel and metal manufacturers to collect solutions as plastic bottles which turn and recycle used containers. These into powder after several months used bottles and cans can often be exposure to the sun, and glass con- broken down and converted into new tainers that can be washed down containers. Also, research is being the drain done to discover new ways to utilize old products. Ground glass, for ax- ample, is being tested as a road building material and as an ingredient in building blocks and glass wool insulation. Source: https://www.industrydoduments.ucsi.edu/docs/kp226 16 if you would like to have the soft drink story for your class. you can- via an entertaining 15 minute slide film. The film traces the history of soft drinks, the growth of the industry, the place of solt drinks in the balanced diet and much more with bright car- toons and fuil color photographs, If is accompanied by two 331/s in. record sound tracks. One for automatio and the other for manual film advance. The story is designed to interest mid- die elementary school level children and older. The film kit plus teacher's guide is available for $3.50. For your copy, fill in and mail the coupon below. Or write National Soft Drink Association, 1101 Sixteenth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036. Now that you've read the book, see the film. National Soft Drink Association 1101 Sixteenth Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036 Please send me copies of your sound-slide film. Enclosed is (number of copies x $3.50). Name School name. Street City. State Zip Please make check or money order payable to. National Solt Drink Association Reprinted from GRADE TEACHER Magazine Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/tkpj0226

The story is designed to interest whom?

tkpj0226

tkpj0226_p0, tkpj0226_p1, tkpj0226_p2, tkpj0226_p3, tkpj0226_p4, tkpj0226_p5, tkpj0226_p6, tkpj0226_p7, tkpj0226_p8, tkpj0226_p9, tkpj0226_p10

middle elementary school level children and older

Arders tar Healtt Claims Old Panablet. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/tkpj0226 THE CON/UMAR gazes A DIVISION OF THE UNITED CONSUMER SERVICE CORPORATION 466 LEXINGTON AVENUE / NEW YORK CITY/10017 212 532/8840 17 March 1975 Dear Michael Jacobson, nis has nothing to do with what we discussed earlier today, but I hoped you might make some use of the enclosed, especially the nonsense we underlined on p.10, and I hope something can be done to aid in this trade association's reform. What dis- turbs me about this kind of crap is that it is reprinted from Grade Teacher (which I am not familiar with) and I would dislike it if my kid or somebody else's was hustled with this kind of information. If you can't do anything with this, discard it. I merely wanted to put it into hands that could do more with it, potentially, than I. Regards, BM Bill Wolf, Editor P.s. Enclosed is most recent Dyette Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/tkpj0226 o * The storycfsoft drinks. $ IN IT/ area " 2 5 1 9 Bottle Washing Systems Control Systems control in a soft drink Chemistry also plays an impor- Cosmetic Act. passed in 1938. Most Returnable bottles must be given a thorough cleaning and sanitizing manufacturing plant requires knowl- tant role in the mamufacturing of car- of the state laws are patterned after it. before being refilled. Bottles are edge of the principles of engineering bonated beverages. Because the These laws and regulations are de- and chemistry as well as business proper balance of inqredients in the signed to protect the consumer as well washed by soaking or flushing with if the plant is filling one-trip soft must be maintained, as to serve as an operational guide ladministration. Engineering concerns caustic soda solutions. followed by a bottles or cans which will not be re- construction of the plant, proper in- quality control tests are run continu- for manufacturers. thorough scrubbing inside and out. turned, caustic washing is not neces- istallation and maintenance of bottling ously. Chemical research also helps Then they are carefully rinsed with sary These containers come from machinery, packaging equipment. and develop mew solt drink ingredients potable water before filling. bottle and can manufacturing com- warehousing and delivery fleels. Il leading to better products and more Each state has legal require- panies in a sanitary wrapping, and at sound engineering doesn 1 develop efficient plant operations. ments governing sanitation in lood most need only to be rinsed by air or a smooth flow of products through the The soft drink plant is subject to processing plants including bottle water before filling plant, unnecessary work may be both federal and state laws and regu- washing. Machines which wash re- required and production costs will lations. The most familiar law on this turnable bottles are fully automatic Packaging increase. subject is the Federal Food, Drug and and bottles need not be touched by workers before filling. After washing, Once filled, the containers con- the bottles are fully inspected man- tinue along the manufacturing line ually, or by electronic devices de- and are automatically set in six-pack signed for that purpose. carton carriers, or whatever type of retail packaging is desired. Small containers are usually cartoned or cased in lots of 24, quart sizes in lote of 12. The cases are stacked one on (top of another on a wooden platform about four leet square. They're then stored in a warehouse until they're loaded anto delivery trucks. 10 11 How do soft drinks fit into the through normal foods, but we still First. many people have noticed that balanced diet? A balanced diet in- need to drink about 5-6 glasses a day. soft drinks helo settle upset stomachs cludes anywhere from 2,300 to 3,800 Soft drinks are about 90% purified Modern theory holds that the carbona- calories a day depending on age and water. And soft drinks) good taste tion is responsible for this settling amount of activity. An 8-ounce soft quenches thirst and encourages effect. Soft Drinks drink contains about 100 calories. liquid intake Second when you sio a soft And because they are in the form of Doctors leven prescribe soft drink, you take a break from what and Health sugar, they convert almost instantly drinks sometimes for colds and to pre- you re doing and relax. The refresh- into energy. That` one reason why soit vent dehydration from virus infections. ing tingle provides a psychological drinks are particularly. greshing alter There are two other ways soft lift and helps ease some of the physical activity. Or mid-way through drinks can contribute lo good health. day` tensions. a tiring afternoon. Water is anotheri important in- gredient of a balanced diet. Our bodies need water to digest lood to make the chemical changes that pro- vide our muscles with energy; to SPECIAL regulate temperature, lubricate joints, get rid of wastes: and in the lungs to absorti oxygen and expel carbon dioxide. Much of the water we can get Source: https:/lwww.industrydocuments.ucstedu/docs/tkpI0226 12 13 Some may be surprised to leam following flavors for soda water were creased during the same period from public if serves. The National Soft effor by bottlers who used their consumers to dispose of soft drink that the beginning of the soft drink advertised pineapple, black cherry about two to about 350 8-oz servings Drink Association, which represents equipment to collect 50 million containers properly. and to further industry In our country dates back to orange, apple strawberry, raspberry per person per year Much of this bottlers producing about 90 percent pounds of scrap metal for the war encourage and participate in research the founding of the Republic itsell pear melon, temon, increase can be traced to new ways of of soft drinks sold in the Nation, works effort. In addition, the Office of Civilian to find new methods of handling American scientists became inter- cherry plum, grape. apricot and marketing soft drinks For example, closely with all elements of the indus- Defense was given a list of solt drink solid waste. ested in the natural effervescent quali- peach. The soft industry was automatici vending machines ap- try to assure that continuous attention plants equipped to furnish potable The future role of the soft drink ties of mineral waten and studied their on its way peared in 1937 and in 1954 vending is given to product and packaging water in case of emergency. More industry in America is expected to be chemistry as early as 1773 A leader By 1870, the densus reported machines for soft drinks in cups quality controls. recently, the industry has become one of continued growth and in- in this research was Dr Benjamin 387 soda water bottling plants The appeared at about the same tilme as Individual companies and the acutely concerned with the problems creased activities in areas of social Rush of Philiadelohia Others who took growth continued to an -time high canned soft drinks industry, as represented by the of solid waste disposal and the pre- betterment, Because the industry has a scientifici Interest in mineral waters of 8,220 plants before the economic Throughtuut its history, the soft Association, have also undertaken vention of littering. Considerable effort grown and developed with America, it included Benjamin Franklin, Thomas crash of 1929. Following the depres- drink industry has endeavored to many public service projects. Notable has been expended in developing will continue to reflect and support Jefferson, and James Madison sion, the number of plants tremained produce high quality products for the among these was the World War Il educational programs to encourage forward thrusts of national progress. Of course, the kmowledge of gas at about 6,000 until the mid 1950's. vapors entrapped in mineral waters Since then, the number has declined - the attempts to produce this steadily to the present level of about artificially-go back to Europe in the 3.000 plants 16th century In the early part of the Soft drink consumption, on the 1 7th century, the vapior in the bubbles other hand, has steadily increased was identified by a new word, "gas" from about 36 million 8-oz servings in or "fixed air An Englishman by the 1850, to about 72 billion servings in name of Joseph Priestley published 1970, Per capita consumption in- - the first paper on how to impregnate water with gas in 1772. He couldn'i produce the gas himself so the galh- Soft Drinks ered it from the lop of fermenting vata In 1807 in New Haven Benjamin Develop in the Silliman opened the first establishi United States ment for selling bottled Soda Water The first United States patens for pre- paring artificial mineral water was Issued to Joseph Hawkins in 1809 In 1850 the United States Bureau of the Census reported 64 plants making bortled soda water By 1860. the census reported 123 plants, four of which were operating in Washington D.C., during the Civil War. In 1865, the 14 15 According to a 29 state survey by The third, and probably best Try one of these sparkling punch Sweetheart Punch 1 pt, heavy eream the National Academy of Sciences in overall solution to the litter problem, recipes at your next party But be 2 gts cherry soda Va tbs. cinnamon Washington, about 8.75% of all road- is public education, And here's where sure to make a lot of it Once your 1 qt orange soda Pour 3 bottles of cola into ice Support side litter is soft drink containers. the soft drink industry is most active. guests taste it, it won't last long. 1 gf temon-lim soda cube trays and freeze until mushy Your Although the percentage in some Individual bottlers are helping their Freeze one quart of cherry isoda Whip cream until frothy, mix with areas is higher than the national communities set up anti-litter pro- Party for beverage cubes. Chill remaining sugar Scrape out frozen cola into Local average, the overall percentage is still grams and provide booklets, films and carbonated beverages. When ready punch bowl add cream, then pour in Trash not very high (paper accounted for other "fight litter" materials to achools Punches to serve, shave or crack beverage remaining battles of cola Stir lightly, 59%, for example). Nevertheless, be- and other interested groups. They're cubes. Place in punch bowl, add sprinkle with cinnamoni Serves 36 Basket cause soft drink containers are easily sponsoring anti-litter ads, television other soft drinks. Makes 24 punch- punch-size cups visible they re oiten blamed in error. and radio commercials and bill- size cuos. The soft drink industry supports boards. Anti-litter messages are ap- Sparkling Tea Punch three general solutions to the litter pearing on soft drink delivery trucks Cranberry Holiday Punch ats ginger ale problem. The first is realistic anti- and on soft drink packages. And 1. 2 grs. gingerale 116 cups granulated sugar litter laws that are both enforceable nally, bottlera are supporters of Keep 1 at orange isoda cup hot water and enforced Not only are present America Beautiful, our national anti- 8 lozs. lemon. lime soda cup lemon Juice laws almost impossible to enforce, but litter organization 2 cups cranberry juice docktail cups orange juice they also carry such high fines that There's one more point that Freeze one quart ginger ale for cup pineapple Juice many judges are hesitant to convict should be mentioned in connection beverage cubes Chill remaining soft cups double-strength tea anybody. One suggestion has been to with the litter problem. That is, objects drinks. When ready to serve pour 12-02. bottle traspberry soda give a summons for littering similar don't create litter, people do, So cranberry luice and carbonated mint leaves to a traffic ticket. The defendant blarning any one particular littered beverages Into punch bowl. Float Freeze one quart ginger ale for would then pay a fine by mail or object won't help solve the problem beverage cubes Gamish with orange beverage cubes Boil sugar and water appear for trial, because the problem is people. And alices and mini leaves Serves 24 5 minutes. Combine with fruit Juices The second solution revolves the ultimate solution is this simple: punch-size aups and tea. Chill. Just before serving, Don't litter. add thoroughly chilled carbonated around equipment and new systems Cherub Cloud Punch for lifter collection and disposal Part beverages. Float sparkling cubes Solid Waste 41/2 gts cola, chilled of the solution may be as simple as and mint leaves. Serves 40 punch- The average American citizen 14 cup sugar size cups. having more trashbaskets placed where they are needed. Il nothing generates about 1,800 pounds of solid else, more baskets may help reduce waste a year. And we'r running out -T7r7 2 some of the litter overflowing our of practical ways to get rid of it. present trashbaskets. Also being de- Although solt drink containers only account for about 1% of all our /f5 veroped are new systems of litter collection, such as the experimental solid waste (according to a survey litter-eating machine in Connecticut done by the U.S. Department of that uses a huge vacuum snout to pick Health, Education and Wellare). the up highway litter, then dumps it in a softdrink industry is concerned. It trailer following behind. Finally, re- supports the programs of the glass search is being done on such novel and metal manufacturers to collect solutions as plastic bottles which turn and recycle used containers. These into powder after several months used bottles and cans can often be exposure to the sun, and glass con- broken down and converted into new tainers that can be washed down containers. Also, research is being the drain done to discover new ways to utilize old products. Ground glass, for ax- ample, is being tested as a road building material and as an ingredient in building blocks and glass wool insulation. Source: https://www.industrydoduments.ucsi.edu/docs/kp226 16 if you would like to have the soft drink story for your class. you can- via an entertaining 15 minute slide film. The film traces the history of soft drinks, the growth of the industry, the place of solt drinks in the balanced diet and much more with bright car- toons and fuil color photographs, If is accompanied by two 331/s in. record sound tracks. One for automatio and the other for manual film advance. The story is designed to interest mid- die elementary school level children and older. The film kit plus teacher's guide is available for $3.50. For your copy, fill in and mail the coupon below. Or write National Soft Drink Association, 1101 Sixteenth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036. Now that you've read the book, see the film. National Soft Drink Association 1101 Sixteenth Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036 Please send me copies of your sound-slide film. Enclosed is (number of copies x $3.50). Name School name. Street City. State Zip Please make check or money order payable to. National Solt Drink Association Reprinted from GRADE TEACHER Magazine Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/tkpj0226

What is the price of the token?

xfpj0226

xfpj0226_p0, xfpj0226_p1

$1 each, $1

Michael Palad Happy Birthday THIRST - -The susans FOR DRINKING and well-being of people today. the But there's also some- thing more - another side of the coin. Time devoted to pleasure and relaxation a pause to refresh a beverage to enjoy are also meaningful in these pres- sure packed times. What's life without fun, music, Man has given himself refreshment? Pleasure has a minimum daily require- its place. ment for vitamins and pro- And so a soft drink- tein. But we think he owes which in our book is purely himself a minimum re- a refreshing carbonated quirement of refreshment beverage designed only and pleasure too. Nutri- to please and to refresh- tious food, balanced diets has an important are critical to the health place too. The Coca Cola Company RECYCLEA Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/xfpj0226 The start a fine home library Let us send you, for the token price of only. $1 each, three books that have served as cornerstones in many a fine home library. The complete works of Shakespeare This beautiful 1300-page vol- ume contains every word Shakespeare ever wrote. All 37 of his comedies, tragedies, and historical dramas in- cluding Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, etc. Also all of his poems and sonnets. The works of Kipling Actually eight books in one. A complete novel and 139 stories, bal- lads and verses loved the world over, including Mandalay, Gunga Din, The Phantom Rickshaw, etc. The works of De Maupassant 128 matchless tales by the ac- Regullantly $$14.61. Now only $1 eacht knowledged master of the short story. Every story complete and unexpur- Stevenson. 39 novels, stories, umes for only $1 each, plus mailing, gated: The Diamond Necklace, A poems. Treasure Island, Dr. Jekyll and to reserve the privilege of exam- Piece of String, The Will, etc. and Mr. Hyde, Kidnaped, etc. ining future volumes as they come Each volume is clothed in a Doyle. All the best of Sherlock from the press. handsomely-tooled binding of an- Holmes-The Sign of The Four, Red- You will receive advance de- tique ecru with both the elegant look Headed League, plus other works. scription of all upcoming volumes. and feel of leather. Poe. 91 works: Annabel Lee, You may reject any book before or You will enjoy reading these The Raven, The Gold Bug, Murders after you receive it. And you may books, just as millions before you in the Rue Morgue, etc. cancel your reservation any time you have. Your friends will admire them, The full series will also in- wish. perhaps even envy you for owning clude the works of Cellini, Wilde, Mail coupon to: Black's Readers them. And your children will gain a Ibsen, Browning, Longfellow, Emer- Service, Roslyn, New York 11576. real advantage with books like these son, Dostoevsky, Byron and many always close at hand. others. 3-LF We offer you three books of Normally, you would expect to Black's Readers Service this calibre for only $1 each to intro- pay $10 each or more for deluxe edi- ROSLYN, NEW YORK 11576 Please reserve for me the beautiful volumes in the duce you to our new Golden Giants tions of books like these. But our di- new Golden Giants Series. For no money in advance, Series. We think you will be im- rect-to-the-public method of book dis- send me the first 3 now: SHAKESPEARE, KIPLING and pressed. And we hope you will want tribution (which we have specialized DE MAUPASSANT. A week after delivery, I will either return them and owe nothing, or keep them for $1 to own others in the Series, as they in for over 30 years) lets us make each, plus mailing. become available, including: these volumes available for only $4.89 Then, as they are printed, I will receive additional volumes on approval, for $4.89 each, plus mailing. I will Hugo. 36 complete works in- each, plus a few cents for mailing. get advance descriptions of future books. I may reject cluding Hunchback of Notre Dame, Send no money now. Simply any book before or after delivery. And I may cancel my A Woman of the Streets, The Souls. mail coupon to get your first three vol- reservation any time. (Books shipped in U.S.A. only.) MR. MRS. MISS (Please print plainly) ADDRESS CITY & STATE ZIP GG-1A Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/xfpj0226

How many pages does the volume contain?

xfpj0226

xfpj0226_p0, xfpj0226_p1

1300, 1300-page

Michael Palad Happy Birthday THIRST - -The susans FOR DRINKING and well-being of people today. the But there's also some- thing more - another side of the coin. Time devoted to pleasure and relaxation a pause to refresh a beverage to enjoy are also meaningful in these pres- sure packed times. What's life without fun, music, Man has given himself refreshment? Pleasure has a minimum daily require- its place. ment for vitamins and pro- And so a soft drink- tein. But we think he owes which in our book is purely himself a minimum re- a refreshing carbonated quirement of refreshment beverage designed only and pleasure too. Nutri- to please and to refresh- tious food, balanced diets has an important are critical to the health place too. The Coca Cola Company RECYCLEA Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/xfpj0226 The start a fine home library Let us send you, for the token price of only. $1 each, three books that have served as cornerstones in many a fine home library. The complete works of Shakespeare This beautiful 1300-page vol- ume contains every word Shakespeare ever wrote. All 37 of his comedies, tragedies, and historical dramas in- cluding Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, etc. Also all of his poems and sonnets. The works of Kipling Actually eight books in one. A complete novel and 139 stories, bal- lads and verses loved the world over, including Mandalay, Gunga Din, The Phantom Rickshaw, etc. The works of De Maupassant 128 matchless tales by the ac- Regullantly $$14.61. Now only $1 eacht knowledged master of the short story. Every story complete and unexpur- Stevenson. 39 novels, stories, umes for only $1 each, plus mailing, gated: The Diamond Necklace, A poems. Treasure Island, Dr. Jekyll and to reserve the privilege of exam- Piece of String, The Will, etc. and Mr. Hyde, Kidnaped, etc. ining future volumes as they come Each volume is clothed in a Doyle. All the best of Sherlock from the press. handsomely-tooled binding of an- Holmes-The Sign of The Four, Red- You will receive advance de- tique ecru with both the elegant look Headed League, plus other works. scription of all upcoming volumes. and feel of leather. Poe. 91 works: Annabel Lee, You may reject any book before or You will enjoy reading these The Raven, The Gold Bug, Murders after you receive it. And you may books, just as millions before you in the Rue Morgue, etc. cancel your reservation any time you have. Your friends will admire them, The full series will also in- wish. perhaps even envy you for owning clude the works of Cellini, Wilde, Mail coupon to: Black's Readers them. And your children will gain a Ibsen, Browning, Longfellow, Emer- Service, Roslyn, New York 11576. real advantage with books like these son, Dostoevsky, Byron and many always close at hand. others. 3-LF We offer you three books of Normally, you would expect to Black's Readers Service this calibre for only $1 each to intro- pay $10 each or more for deluxe edi- ROSLYN, NEW YORK 11576 Please reserve for me the beautiful volumes in the duce you to our new Golden Giants tions of books like these. But our di- new Golden Giants Series. For no money in advance, Series. We think you will be im- rect-to-the-public method of book dis- send me the first 3 now: SHAKESPEARE, KIPLING and pressed. And we hope you will want tribution (which we have specialized DE MAUPASSANT. A week after delivery, I will either return them and owe nothing, or keep them for $1 to own others in the Series, as they in for over 30 years) lets us make each, plus mailing. become available, including: these volumes available for only $4.89 Then, as they are printed, I will receive additional volumes on approval, for $4.89 each, plus mailing. I will Hugo. 36 complete works in- each, plus a few cents for mailing. get advance descriptions of future books. I may reject cluding Hunchback of Notre Dame, Send no money now. Simply any book before or after delivery. And I may cancel my A Woman of the Streets, The Souls. mail coupon to get your first three vol- reservation any time. (Books shipped in U.S.A. only.) MR. MRS. MISS (Please print plainly) ADDRESS CITY & STATE ZIP GG-1A Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/xfpj0226

How many stories are present in The works of Kipling?

xfpj0226

xfpj0226_p0, xfpj0226_p1

139 stories

Michael Palad Happy Birthday THIRST - -The susans FOR DRINKING and well-being of people today. the But there's also some- thing more - another side of the coin. Time devoted to pleasure and relaxation a pause to refresh a beverage to enjoy are also meaningful in these pres- sure packed times. What's life without fun, music, Man has given himself refreshment? Pleasure has a minimum daily require- its place. ment for vitamins and pro- And so a soft drink- tein. But we think he owes which in our book is purely himself a minimum re- a refreshing carbonated quirement of refreshment beverage designed only and pleasure too. Nutri- to please and to refresh- tious food, balanced diets has an important are critical to the health place too. The Coca Cola Company RECYCLEA Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/xfpj0226 The start a fine home library Let us send you, for the token price of only. $1 each, three books that have served as cornerstones in many a fine home library. The complete works of Shakespeare This beautiful 1300-page vol- ume contains every word Shakespeare ever wrote. All 37 of his comedies, tragedies, and historical dramas in- cluding Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, etc. Also all of his poems and sonnets. The works of Kipling Actually eight books in one. A complete novel and 139 stories, bal- lads and verses loved the world over, including Mandalay, Gunga Din, The Phantom Rickshaw, etc. The works of De Maupassant 128 matchless tales by the ac- Regullantly $$14.61. Now only $1 eacht knowledged master of the short story. Every story complete and unexpur- Stevenson. 39 novels, stories, umes for only $1 each, plus mailing, gated: The Diamond Necklace, A poems. Treasure Island, Dr. Jekyll and to reserve the privilege of exam- Piece of String, The Will, etc. and Mr. Hyde, Kidnaped, etc. ining future volumes as they come Each volume is clothed in a Doyle. All the best of Sherlock from the press. handsomely-tooled binding of an- Holmes-The Sign of The Four, Red- You will receive advance de- tique ecru with both the elegant look Headed League, plus other works. scription of all upcoming volumes. and feel of leather. Poe. 91 works: Annabel Lee, You may reject any book before or You will enjoy reading these The Raven, The Gold Bug, Murders after you receive it. And you may books, just as millions before you in the Rue Morgue, etc. cancel your reservation any time you have. Your friends will admire them, The full series will also in- wish. perhaps even envy you for owning clude the works of Cellini, Wilde, Mail coupon to: Black's Readers them. And your children will gain a Ibsen, Browning, Longfellow, Emer- Service, Roslyn, New York 11576. real advantage with books like these son, Dostoevsky, Byron and many always close at hand. others. 3-LF We offer you three books of Normally, you would expect to Black's Readers Service this calibre for only $1 each to intro- pay $10 each or more for deluxe edi- ROSLYN, NEW YORK 11576 Please reserve for me the beautiful volumes in the duce you to our new Golden Giants tions of books like these. But our di- new Golden Giants Series. For no money in advance, Series. We think you will be im- rect-to-the-public method of book dis- send me the first 3 now: SHAKESPEARE, KIPLING and pressed. And we hope you will want tribution (which we have specialized DE MAUPASSANT. A week after delivery, I will either return them and owe nothing, or keep them for $1 to own others in the Series, as they in for over 30 years) lets us make each, plus mailing. become available, including: these volumes available for only $4.89 Then, as they are printed, I will receive additional volumes on approval, for $4.89 each, plus mailing. I will Hugo. 36 complete works in- each, plus a few cents for mailing. get advance descriptions of future books. I may reject cluding Hunchback of Notre Dame, Send no money now. Simply any book before or after delivery. And I may cancel my A Woman of the Streets, The Souls. mail coupon to get your first three vol- reservation any time. (Books shipped in U.S.A. only.) MR. MRS. MISS (Please print plainly) ADDRESS CITY & STATE ZIP GG-1A Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/xfpj0226

What is the name of the company?

xfpj0226

xfpj0226_p0, xfpj0226_p1

The Coca-Cola company, The Coca-Cola Company

Michael Palad Happy Birthday THIRST - -The susans FOR DRINKING and well-being of people today. the But there's also some- thing more - another side of the coin. Time devoted to pleasure and relaxation a pause to refresh a beverage to enjoy are also meaningful in these pres- sure packed times. What's life without fun, music, Man has given himself refreshment? Pleasure has a minimum daily require- its place. ment for vitamins and pro- And so a soft drink- tein. But we think he owes which in our book is purely himself a minimum re- a refreshing carbonated quirement of refreshment beverage designed only and pleasure too. Nutri- to please and to refresh- tious food, balanced diets has an important are critical to the health place too. The Coca Cola Company RECYCLEA Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/xfpj0226 The start a fine home library Let us send you, for the token price of only. $1 each, three books that have served as cornerstones in many a fine home library. The complete works of Shakespeare This beautiful 1300-page vol- ume contains every word Shakespeare ever wrote. All 37 of his comedies, tragedies, and historical dramas in- cluding Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, etc. Also all of his poems and sonnets. The works of Kipling Actually eight books in one. A complete novel and 139 stories, bal- lads and verses loved the world over, including Mandalay, Gunga Din, The Phantom Rickshaw, etc. The works of De Maupassant 128 matchless tales by the ac- Regullantly $$14.61. Now only $1 eacht knowledged master of the short story. Every story complete and unexpur- Stevenson. 39 novels, stories, umes for only $1 each, plus mailing, gated: The Diamond Necklace, A poems. Treasure Island, Dr. Jekyll and to reserve the privilege of exam- Piece of String, The Will, etc. and Mr. Hyde, Kidnaped, etc. ining future volumes as they come Each volume is clothed in a Doyle. All the best of Sherlock from the press. handsomely-tooled binding of an- Holmes-The Sign of The Four, Red- You will receive advance de- tique ecru with both the elegant look Headed League, plus other works. scription of all upcoming volumes. and feel of leather. Poe. 91 works: Annabel Lee, You may reject any book before or You will enjoy reading these The Raven, The Gold Bug, Murders after you receive it. And you may books, just as millions before you in the Rue Morgue, etc. cancel your reservation any time you have. Your friends will admire them, The full series will also in- wish. perhaps even envy you for owning clude the works of Cellini, Wilde, Mail coupon to: Black's Readers them. And your children will gain a Ibsen, Browning, Longfellow, Emer- Service, Roslyn, New York 11576. real advantage with books like these son, Dostoevsky, Byron and many always close at hand. others. 3-LF We offer you three books of Normally, you would expect to Black's Readers Service this calibre for only $1 each to intro- pay $10 each or more for deluxe edi- ROSLYN, NEW YORK 11576 Please reserve for me the beautiful volumes in the duce you to our new Golden Giants tions of books like these. But our di- new Golden Giants Series. For no money in advance, Series. We think you will be im- rect-to-the-public method of book dis- send me the first 3 now: SHAKESPEARE, KIPLING and pressed. And we hope you will want tribution (which we have specialized DE MAUPASSANT. A week after delivery, I will either return them and owe nothing, or keep them for $1 to own others in the Series, as they in for over 30 years) lets us make each, plus mailing. become available, including: these volumes available for only $4.89 Then, as they are printed, I will receive additional volumes on approval, for $4.89 each, plus mailing. I will Hugo. 36 complete works in- each, plus a few cents for mailing. get advance descriptions of future books. I may reject cluding Hunchback of Notre Dame, Send no money now. Simply any book before or after delivery. And I may cancel my A Woman of the Streets, The Souls. mail coupon to get your first three vol- reservation any time. (Books shipped in U.S.A. only.) MR. MRS. MISS (Please print plainly) ADDRESS CITY & STATE ZIP GG-1A Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/xfpj0226

What are critical for well-being of people today?

xfpj0226

xfpj0226_p0, xfpj0226_p1

Nutritious food, balanced diets

Michael Palad Happy Birthday THIRST - -The susans FOR DRINKING and well-being of people today. the But there's also some- thing more - another side of the coin. Time devoted to pleasure and relaxation a pause to refresh a beverage to enjoy are also meaningful in these pres- sure packed times. What's life without fun, music, Man has given himself refreshment? Pleasure has a minimum daily require- its place. ment for vitamins and pro- And so a soft drink- tein. But we think he owes which in our book is purely himself a minimum re- a refreshing carbonated quirement of refreshment beverage designed only and pleasure too. Nutri- to please and to refresh- tious food, balanced diets has an important are critical to the health place too. The Coca Cola Company RECYCLEA Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/xfpj0226 The start a fine home library Let us send you, for the token price of only. $1 each, three books that have served as cornerstones in many a fine home library. The complete works of Shakespeare This beautiful 1300-page vol- ume contains every word Shakespeare ever wrote. All 37 of his comedies, tragedies, and historical dramas in- cluding Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, etc. Also all of his poems and sonnets. The works of Kipling Actually eight books in one. A complete novel and 139 stories, bal- lads and verses loved the world over, including Mandalay, Gunga Din, The Phantom Rickshaw, etc. The works of De Maupassant 128 matchless tales by the ac- Regullantly $$14.61. Now only $1 eacht knowledged master of the short story. Every story complete and unexpur- Stevenson. 39 novels, stories, umes for only $1 each, plus mailing, gated: The Diamond Necklace, A poems. Treasure Island, Dr. Jekyll and to reserve the privilege of exam- Piece of String, The Will, etc. and Mr. Hyde, Kidnaped, etc. ining future volumes as they come Each volume is clothed in a Doyle. All the best of Sherlock from the press. handsomely-tooled binding of an- Holmes-The Sign of The Four, Red- You will receive advance de- tique ecru with both the elegant look Headed League, plus other works. scription of all upcoming volumes. and feel of leather. Poe. 91 works: Annabel Lee, You may reject any book before or You will enjoy reading these The Raven, The Gold Bug, Murders after you receive it. And you may books, just as millions before you in the Rue Morgue, etc. cancel your reservation any time you have. Your friends will admire them, The full series will also in- wish. perhaps even envy you for owning clude the works of Cellini, Wilde, Mail coupon to: Black's Readers them. And your children will gain a Ibsen, Browning, Longfellow, Emer- Service, Roslyn, New York 11576. real advantage with books like these son, Dostoevsky, Byron and many always close at hand. others. 3-LF We offer you three books of Normally, you would expect to Black's Readers Service this calibre for only $1 each to intro- pay $10 each or more for deluxe edi- ROSLYN, NEW YORK 11576 Please reserve for me the beautiful volumes in the duce you to our new Golden Giants tions of books like these. But our di- new Golden Giants Series. For no money in advance, Series. We think you will be im- rect-to-the-public method of book dis- send me the first 3 now: SHAKESPEARE, KIPLING and pressed. And we hope you will want tribution (which we have specialized DE MAUPASSANT. A week after delivery, I will either return them and owe nothing, or keep them for $1 to own others in the Series, as they in for over 30 years) lets us make each, plus mailing. become available, including: these volumes available for only $4.89 Then, as they are printed, I will receive additional volumes on approval, for $4.89 each, plus mailing. I will Hugo. 36 complete works in- each, plus a few cents for mailing. get advance descriptions of future books. I may reject cluding Hunchback of Notre Dame, Send no money now. Simply any book before or after delivery. And I may cancel my A Woman of the Streets, The Souls. mail coupon to get your first three vol- reservation any time. (Books shipped in U.S.A. only.) MR. MRS. MISS (Please print plainly) ADDRESS CITY & STATE ZIP GG-1A Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/xfpj0226

Where was the meeting held?

xfpj0226

xfpj0226_p4, xfpj0226_p5, xfpj0226_p6

Atlanta

Shift Seen Continued From First Business Page drink marketing development in the company's nearly 100-year history." Bottlers were notified last week of a meeting today in Atlanta, but were given few details and were sworn to secrecy. Late last week, when the company announced the press confer- ence, analysts speculated that Coca- Cola might disclose plans to intro- duce a line of juice-based soft drinks under the Minute Maid label. Coca- Cola would neither confirm nor deny those reports. But, after the Beverage Digest re- port, analysts agreed yesterday that only news as significant as a reformu- lation of Coke would bring both Ro- berto Goizueta, Coca-Cola's chair-. man, and Donald R. Keough, the company's president, to New York for a press conference. NYT - MJ GM New Coke Fruit Drink Is Expected Next Week has not yet given its Minute Mai By PAMELA G. HOLLIE juice soft drink a proper introduction According to analysts, Coca-Col The Coca-Cola Company said yes- may be trying to rush its new soi terday that it would make a major an- drink to market before Pepsico Inc nouncement Tuesday in New York. introduces a similar product. The Atlanta-based company was not Pepsico, which is marketing Slice more specific, but analysts specu- a soft drink containing 10 percer lated that the company would intro- duce its new Minute Maid brand fruit lemon-lime juice, has rapidly gaine market share from Coca-Cola', juice beverage. Sprite lemon-lime soft drink. Pepsic In a rare joint appearance, Roberto is expected to test-market a Manda C. Goizueta, chairman of The Coca- rin orange-flavored Slice soon. Cola Company, and Donald R. Keough, president, will announce the "The gist of it all is that Coke i: new product, which Coke called "the going to make the move to challenge most significant soft drink develop- Pepsi's Slice," said Donald J. Lupa ment in the company's history." an analyst for Duff & Phelps in Chi- Their appearance at a press confer- cago. 'Both Pepsi and Coke are run ence ts seen as an indication of the im- ning fast to counter each other's portance of the product to the entire moves.' soft drink, food and entertainment A fruit juice product could create a corporation. new product line for Coca-Cola. "This Coca-Cola acknowledged last week is a breakthrough into a new market that it planned to test-market an for Coke," Mr. Lupa said, adding that orange soda containing 10 percent a Minute Maid line of fruit drinks juice. But, Coca-Cola, which is known could present competition for such for its grand product introductions fruit drinks as Hawaiian, Punch and and $100 million advertising budgets 1 TO go ) a 133 80 BY DONALD GATES FOR THE WASHINGTON POST Coke Wants Morning in America To Go Snap, By Mark Potts The Atlanta-based company slowly is Washington Post Staff Writer rolling out a marketing campaign urging people to try Coke as a breakfast bever- All right, admit it. Coffee never has age. The "Coke in the Morning" cam- been your cup of tea. paign has surfaced in several markets, Truth be told, when everybody else and some industry sources believe that was grinding beans, lining up at the cof- Coke may broaden it soon. It's already is fee urn or pouring a hot cup of java, you available on an optional basis to bottlers were hankering for some other kind of nationwide, although officials at Mid-At- morning pick-me-up. lantic Coca-Cola Bottling, the local bot- You were just dying for a nice cold tler, say they have no plans to push the Coke, weren't you? advertising campaign in the Washington You were not alone. area. An increasing number of Americans Coke says the morning push is based are getting their morning caffeine fixes on market trends-the percentage of from soft drinks and, not surprisingly, Coke's total sales that is consumed in the Coca-Cola Co. is doing all it can to en- morning has risen to 12 percent from 9 courage that trend-although Coke has percent 10 years ago, and the increase is about one-third the caffeine content of gathering speed, according to industry coffee. See COKE, B5, Col. 1 l' Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/xfpj0226 - COCA-COLA, 21.87 THE WASH Coke Has Smentt Wisiom off Breakffast in America COKE, From B1 tea which they feel are sitting The spokesman said the industry ducks," Pirko said. "We're fairly cer- is watching Coke's new campaign, analysts. "If anything, we're not tain that they're going to dramatical- but so far has no organized plans to leading the consumer, we're jumping ly increase [market] share." combat it. on the bandwagon they started," said Robert Baskin, a spokesman for Predictably, the coffee industry is Officials at Coke's main rival, Coca-Cola USA, the company's mar- taking a pretty dim view of Coke's Pepsi-Cola, also say they're watch- keting aim. efforts. Coffee sales have been flat ing the campaign with interest, but ("This isn't all just for breakfast," for years, and the industry has had a they have no plans at the moment tc Baskin said. "This is Coke in the tough time getting young people to match it. morning. A lot of people take mid- become coffee drinkers. morning breaks, and they do it with "We're concerned about it. It's "It's obviously an untapped day a Coke." something we don't want to see," segment," a Pepsi spokesman said. Coke began experimenting with said Steve Gross, a spokesman for "We've got our eyes on it." the campaign three years ago in the Coffee Development Group, a And industry analysts say they are markets in Texas and the Southeast, Washington-based trade organiza- eager to see whether Coke will be- where Coke has always had a strong tion that pushes coffee use, particu- come a regular part of the American morning market. larly to young people, through pro- breakfast menu. Since then, it has popped up in grams such as working with colleges "It's an interesting approach,' parts of Kentucky, Oklahoma, Wis- to set up coffeehouses. Goldman said of the Coke campáign. consin and Florida; the campaign in- A spokesman for the National Cof- "Will it be cost effective? It probably cludes radio jingles, billboards and fee Association, a New York-based will be." other advertising as well as special trade group, said morning is the cof- offers through doughnut shops, con- fee industry's major market; about "People are used to drinking soft venience stores like 7-Eleven, and half of the 1.76 cups of coffee con- drinks all the time now," he said. fast food outlets. sumed daily by the average Ameri- "Why not in the morning?" Industry experts say demograph- can is drunk at breakfast. You know who you are. ics are heavily in Coke's favor. Most young consumers have grown up drinking Coke and other soft drinks, and as the Pepsi Generation-par- don the expression-has matured, its members have accepted soda DESK OF drinking throughout the day. "What's happened is that soft drinks have become so pervasive. They're all over the place," said Em- manuel Goldman, a beverage indus- THE WEEK tfy analyst at Montgomery Securi- ties in San Francisco. Value Series Wood Desk Comes in oak and walnut : "Kids are already hooked, because (30 X 60"). Other sizes and matching accessories are they're not milk drinkers, like available. List Price: $379.00 we were, but Coke drinkers," said Tom Pirko, president of Bevmark, a Los Angeles-based beverage indus- $199le try consulting firm that has done work for Coke and others in the in- dustry. | With Coke looking for new market niches to increase its business, the morning coffee and tea market was a able natural, according to Pirko. "What we've been discussing with Coke and people like them is how to grow, and office furniture, Inc we've felt for a long time that they 12360 Parklawn Drive. Bockville, MD 20852. 301-468-3425 could grow by targeting Coffee and

When will the announcement be held?

xfpj0226

xfpj0226_p4, xfpj0226_p5, xfpj0226_p6

Tuesday

Shift Seen Continued From First Business Page drink marketing development in the company's nearly 100-year history." Bottlers were notified last week of a meeting today in Atlanta, but were given few details and were sworn to secrecy. Late last week, when the company announced the press confer- ence, analysts speculated that Coca- Cola might disclose plans to intro- duce a line of juice-based soft drinks under the Minute Maid label. Coca- Cola would neither confirm nor deny those reports. But, after the Beverage Digest re- port, analysts agreed yesterday that only news as significant as a reformu- lation of Coke would bring both Ro- berto Goizueta, Coca-Cola's chair-. man, and Donald R. Keough, the company's president, to New York for a press conference. NYT - MJ GM New Coke Fruit Drink Is Expected Next Week has not yet given its Minute Mai By PAMELA G. HOLLIE juice soft drink a proper introduction According to analysts, Coca-Col The Coca-Cola Company said yes- may be trying to rush its new soi terday that it would make a major an- drink to market before Pepsico Inc nouncement Tuesday in New York. introduces a similar product. The Atlanta-based company was not Pepsico, which is marketing Slice more specific, but analysts specu- a soft drink containing 10 percer lated that the company would intro- duce its new Minute Maid brand fruit lemon-lime juice, has rapidly gaine market share from Coca-Cola', juice beverage. Sprite lemon-lime soft drink. Pepsic In a rare joint appearance, Roberto is expected to test-market a Manda C. Goizueta, chairman of The Coca- rin orange-flavored Slice soon. Cola Company, and Donald R. Keough, president, will announce the "The gist of it all is that Coke i: new product, which Coke called "the going to make the move to challenge most significant soft drink develop- Pepsi's Slice," said Donald J. Lupa ment in the company's history." an analyst for Duff & Phelps in Chi- Their appearance at a press confer- cago. 'Both Pepsi and Coke are run ence ts seen as an indication of the im- ning fast to counter each other's portance of the product to the entire moves.' soft drink, food and entertainment A fruit juice product could create a corporation. new product line for Coca-Cola. "This Coca-Cola acknowledged last week is a breakthrough into a new market that it planned to test-market an for Coke," Mr. Lupa said, adding that orange soda containing 10 percent a Minute Maid line of fruit drinks juice. But, Coca-Cola, which is known could present competition for such for its grand product introductions fruit drinks as Hawaiian, Punch and and $100 million advertising budgets 1 TO go ) a 133 80 BY DONALD GATES FOR THE WASHINGTON POST Coke Wants Morning in America To Go Snap, By Mark Potts The Atlanta-based company slowly is Washington Post Staff Writer rolling out a marketing campaign urging people to try Coke as a breakfast bever- All right, admit it. Coffee never has age. The "Coke in the Morning" cam- been your cup of tea. paign has surfaced in several markets, Truth be told, when everybody else and some industry sources believe that was grinding beans, lining up at the cof- Coke may broaden it soon. It's already is fee urn or pouring a hot cup of java, you available on an optional basis to bottlers were hankering for some other kind of nationwide, although officials at Mid-At- morning pick-me-up. lantic Coca-Cola Bottling, the local bot- You were just dying for a nice cold tler, say they have no plans to push the Coke, weren't you? advertising campaign in the Washington You were not alone. area. An increasing number of Americans Coke says the morning push is based are getting their morning caffeine fixes on market trends-the percentage of from soft drinks and, not surprisingly, Coke's total sales that is consumed in the Coca-Cola Co. is doing all it can to en- morning has risen to 12 percent from 9 courage that trend-although Coke has percent 10 years ago, and the increase is about one-third the caffeine content of gathering speed, according to industry coffee. See COKE, B5, Col. 1 l' Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/xfpj0226 - COCA-COLA, 21.87 THE WASH Coke Has Smentt Wisiom off Breakffast in America COKE, From B1 tea which they feel are sitting The spokesman said the industry ducks," Pirko said. "We're fairly cer- is watching Coke's new campaign, analysts. "If anything, we're not tain that they're going to dramatical- but so far has no organized plans to leading the consumer, we're jumping ly increase [market] share." combat it. on the bandwagon they started," said Robert Baskin, a spokesman for Predictably, the coffee industry is Officials at Coke's main rival, Coca-Cola USA, the company's mar- taking a pretty dim view of Coke's Pepsi-Cola, also say they're watch- keting aim. efforts. Coffee sales have been flat ing the campaign with interest, but ("This isn't all just for breakfast," for years, and the industry has had a they have no plans at the moment tc Baskin said. "This is Coke in the tough time getting young people to match it. morning. A lot of people take mid- become coffee drinkers. morning breaks, and they do it with "We're concerned about it. It's "It's obviously an untapped day a Coke." something we don't want to see," segment," a Pepsi spokesman said. Coke began experimenting with said Steve Gross, a spokesman for "We've got our eyes on it." the campaign three years ago in the Coffee Development Group, a And industry analysts say they are markets in Texas and the Southeast, Washington-based trade organiza- eager to see whether Coke will be- where Coke has always had a strong tion that pushes coffee use, particu- come a regular part of the American morning market. larly to young people, through pro- breakfast menu. Since then, it has popped up in grams such as working with colleges "It's an interesting approach,' parts of Kentucky, Oklahoma, Wis- to set up coffeehouses. Goldman said of the Coke campáign. consin and Florida; the campaign in- A spokesman for the National Cof- "Will it be cost effective? It probably cludes radio jingles, billboards and fee Association, a New York-based will be." other advertising as well as special trade group, said morning is the cof- offers through doughnut shops, con- fee industry's major market; about "People are used to drinking soft venience stores like 7-Eleven, and half of the 1.76 cups of coffee con- drinks all the time now," he said. fast food outlets. sumed daily by the average Ameri- "Why not in the morning?" Industry experts say demograph- can is drunk at breakfast. You know who you are. ics are heavily in Coke's favor. Most young consumers have grown up drinking Coke and other soft drinks, and as the Pepsi Generation-par- don the expression-has matured, its members have accepted soda DESK OF drinking throughout the day. "What's happened is that soft drinks have become so pervasive. They're all over the place," said Em- manuel Goldman, a beverage indus- THE WEEK tfy analyst at Montgomery Securi- ties in San Francisco. Value Series Wood Desk Comes in oak and walnut : "Kids are already hooked, because (30 X 60"). Other sizes and matching accessories are they're not milk drinkers, like available. List Price: $379.00 we were, but Coke drinkers," said Tom Pirko, president of Bevmark, a Los Angeles-based beverage indus- $199le try consulting firm that has done work for Coke and others in the in- dustry. | With Coke looking for new market niches to increase its business, the morning coffee and tea market was a able natural, according to Pirko. "What we've been discussing with Coke and people like them is how to grow, and office furniture, Inc we've felt for a long time that they 12360 Parklawn Drive. Bockville, MD 20852. 301-468-3425 could grow by targeting Coffee and

Who is the chairman of Coca-Cola company?

xfpj0226

xfpj0226_p4, xfpj0226_p5, xfpj0226_p6

Roberto Goizueta, Roberto C. Goizueta

Shift Seen Continued From First Business Page drink marketing development in the company's nearly 100-year history." Bottlers were notified last week of a meeting today in Atlanta, but were given few details and were sworn to secrecy. Late last week, when the company announced the press confer- ence, analysts speculated that Coca- Cola might disclose plans to intro- duce a line of juice-based soft drinks under the Minute Maid label. Coca- Cola would neither confirm nor deny those reports. But, after the Beverage Digest re- port, analysts agreed yesterday that only news as significant as a reformu- lation of Coke would bring both Ro- berto Goizueta, Coca-Cola's chair-. man, and Donald R. Keough, the company's president, to New York for a press conference. NYT - MJ GM New Coke Fruit Drink Is Expected Next Week has not yet given its Minute Mai By PAMELA G. HOLLIE juice soft drink a proper introduction According to analysts, Coca-Col The Coca-Cola Company said yes- may be trying to rush its new soi terday that it would make a major an- drink to market before Pepsico Inc nouncement Tuesday in New York. introduces a similar product. The Atlanta-based company was not Pepsico, which is marketing Slice more specific, but analysts specu- a soft drink containing 10 percer lated that the company would intro- duce its new Minute Maid brand fruit lemon-lime juice, has rapidly gaine market share from Coca-Cola', juice beverage. Sprite lemon-lime soft drink. Pepsic In a rare joint appearance, Roberto is expected to test-market a Manda C. Goizueta, chairman of The Coca- rin orange-flavored Slice soon. Cola Company, and Donald R. Keough, president, will announce the "The gist of it all is that Coke i: new product, which Coke called "the going to make the move to challenge most significant soft drink develop- Pepsi's Slice," said Donald J. Lupa ment in the company's history." an analyst for Duff & Phelps in Chi- Their appearance at a press confer- cago. 'Both Pepsi and Coke are run ence ts seen as an indication of the im- ning fast to counter each other's portance of the product to the entire moves.' soft drink, food and entertainment A fruit juice product could create a corporation. new product line for Coca-Cola. "This Coca-Cola acknowledged last week is a breakthrough into a new market that it planned to test-market an for Coke," Mr. Lupa said, adding that orange soda containing 10 percent a Minute Maid line of fruit drinks juice. But, Coca-Cola, which is known could present competition for such for its grand product introductions fruit drinks as Hawaiian, Punch and and $100 million advertising budgets 1 TO go ) a 133 80 BY DONALD GATES FOR THE WASHINGTON POST Coke Wants Morning in America To Go Snap, By Mark Potts The Atlanta-based company slowly is Washington Post Staff Writer rolling out a marketing campaign urging people to try Coke as a breakfast bever- All right, admit it. Coffee never has age. The "Coke in the Morning" cam- been your cup of tea. paign has surfaced in several markets, Truth be told, when everybody else and some industry sources believe that was grinding beans, lining up at the cof- Coke may broaden it soon. It's already is fee urn or pouring a hot cup of java, you available on an optional basis to bottlers were hankering for some other kind of nationwide, although officials at Mid-At- morning pick-me-up. lantic Coca-Cola Bottling, the local bot- You were just dying for a nice cold tler, say they have no plans to push the Coke, weren't you? advertising campaign in the Washington You were not alone. area. An increasing number of Americans Coke says the morning push is based are getting their morning caffeine fixes on market trends-the percentage of from soft drinks and, not surprisingly, Coke's total sales that is consumed in the Coca-Cola Co. is doing all it can to en- morning has risen to 12 percent from 9 courage that trend-although Coke has percent 10 years ago, and the increase is about one-third the caffeine content of gathering speed, according to industry coffee. See COKE, B5, Col. 1 l' Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/xfpj0226 - COCA-COLA, 21.87 THE WASH Coke Has Smentt Wisiom off Breakffast in America COKE, From B1 tea which they feel are sitting The spokesman said the industry ducks," Pirko said. "We're fairly cer- is watching Coke's new campaign, analysts. "If anything, we're not tain that they're going to dramatical- but so far has no organized plans to leading the consumer, we're jumping ly increase [market] share." combat it. on the bandwagon they started," said Robert Baskin, a spokesman for Predictably, the coffee industry is Officials at Coke's main rival, Coca-Cola USA, the company's mar- taking a pretty dim view of Coke's Pepsi-Cola, also say they're watch- keting aim. efforts. Coffee sales have been flat ing the campaign with interest, but ("This isn't all just for breakfast," for years, and the industry has had a they have no plans at the moment tc Baskin said. "This is Coke in the tough time getting young people to match it. morning. A lot of people take mid- become coffee drinkers. morning breaks, and they do it with "We're concerned about it. It's "It's obviously an untapped day a Coke." something we don't want to see," segment," a Pepsi spokesman said. Coke began experimenting with said Steve Gross, a spokesman for "We've got our eyes on it." the campaign three years ago in the Coffee Development Group, a And industry analysts say they are markets in Texas and the Southeast, Washington-based trade organiza- eager to see whether Coke will be- where Coke has always had a strong tion that pushes coffee use, particu- come a regular part of the American morning market. larly to young people, through pro- breakfast menu. Since then, it has popped up in grams such as working with colleges "It's an interesting approach,' parts of Kentucky, Oklahoma, Wis- to set up coffeehouses. Goldman said of the Coke campáign. consin and Florida; the campaign in- A spokesman for the National Cof- "Will it be cost effective? It probably cludes radio jingles, billboards and fee Association, a New York-based will be." other advertising as well as special trade group, said morning is the cof- offers through doughnut shops, con- fee industry's major market; about "People are used to drinking soft venience stores like 7-Eleven, and half of the 1.76 cups of coffee con- drinks all the time now," he said. fast food outlets. sumed daily by the average Ameri- "Why not in the morning?" Industry experts say demograph- can is drunk at breakfast. You know who you are. ics are heavily in Coke's favor. Most young consumers have grown up drinking Coke and other soft drinks, and as the Pepsi Generation-par- don the expression-has matured, its members have accepted soda DESK OF drinking throughout the day. "What's happened is that soft drinks have become so pervasive. They're all over the place," said Em- manuel Goldman, a beverage indus- THE WEEK tfy analyst at Montgomery Securi- ties in San Francisco. Value Series Wood Desk Comes in oak and walnut : "Kids are already hooked, because (30 X 60"). Other sizes and matching accessories are they're not milk drinkers, like available. List Price: $379.00 we were, but Coke drinkers," said Tom Pirko, president of Bevmark, a Los Angeles-based beverage indus- $199le try consulting firm that has done work for Coke and others in the in- dustry. | With Coke looking for new market niches to increase its business, the morning coffee and tea market was a able natural, according to Pirko. "What we've been discussing with Coke and people like them is how to grow, and office furniture, Inc we've felt for a long time that they 12360 Parklawn Drive. Bockville, MD 20852. 301-468-3425 could grow by targeting Coffee and

What is the DOCKET NO?

szyj0226

szyj0226_p0

8839

Fue UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BEFORE FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION COMMISSIONERS: Lewis A. Engman, Chairman Paul Rand Dixon Mary Gardiner Jones David S. Dennison, Jr. Mayo J. Thompson ) In the Matter of ) ) THE COCA-COLA COMPANY, ) a corporation, and ) DOCKET NO. 8839 ) THE MARSCHALK COMPANY, INC., ) a corporation. ) ) FINAL ORDER This matter is before the Commission on the appeal of complaint counsel from the initial decision of the Administrative Law Judge issued on September 15, 1972, dismissing the complaint. Upon examination of the record, the initial decision, and the briefs and oral argument in support of this appeal and in opposition thereto, the Commission has concluded, for the reasons set forth in the accompanying opinion, that the initial decision of the Administrative Law Judge should be adopted and issued as the decision of the Commission. Accordingly, IT IS ORDERED that complaint counsel's appeal from the initial decision of the Administrative Law Judge be, and it hereby is, denied. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the initial decision of the Administrative Law Judge be, and it hereby is, adopted as the decision of the Commission. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the complaint in the captioned matter be, and it hereby is, dismissed. By the Commission, Commissioner Jones dissenting. CL.O.Tolin SEAL Charles A. Tobin Secretary ISSUED: October 5, 1973 ATTACHMENT: Dissenting Statement of Commissioner Jones. Source: ittps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/szyj0226

When was this document issued?

szyj0226

szyj0226_p0

October 5, 1973

Fue UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BEFORE FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION COMMISSIONERS: Lewis A. Engman, Chairman Paul Rand Dixon Mary Gardiner Jones David S. Dennison, Jr. Mayo J. Thompson ) In the Matter of ) ) THE COCA-COLA COMPANY, ) a corporation, and ) DOCKET NO. 8839 ) THE MARSCHALK COMPANY, INC., ) a corporation. ) ) FINAL ORDER This matter is before the Commission on the appeal of complaint counsel from the initial decision of the Administrative Law Judge issued on September 15, 1972, dismissing the complaint. Upon examination of the record, the initial decision, and the briefs and oral argument in support of this appeal and in opposition thereto, the Commission has concluded, for the reasons set forth in the accompanying opinion, that the initial decision of the Administrative Law Judge should be adopted and issued as the decision of the Commission. Accordingly, IT IS ORDERED that complaint counsel's appeal from the initial decision of the Administrative Law Judge be, and it hereby is, denied. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the initial decision of the Administrative Law Judge be, and it hereby is, adopted as the decision of the Commission. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the complaint in the captioned matter be, and it hereby is, dismissed. By the Commission, Commissioner Jones dissenting. CL.O.Tolin SEAL Charles A. Tobin Secretary ISSUED: October 5, 1973 ATTACHMENT: Dissenting Statement of Commissioner Jones. Source: ittps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/szyj0226

Who is the secretary?

szyj0226

szyj0226_p0

Charles A. Tobin

Fue UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BEFORE FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION COMMISSIONERS: Lewis A. Engman, Chairman Paul Rand Dixon Mary Gardiner Jones David S. Dennison, Jr. Mayo J. Thompson ) In the Matter of ) ) THE COCA-COLA COMPANY, ) a corporation, and ) DOCKET NO. 8839 ) THE MARSCHALK COMPANY, INC., ) a corporation. ) ) FINAL ORDER This matter is before the Commission on the appeal of complaint counsel from the initial decision of the Administrative Law Judge issued on September 15, 1972, dismissing the complaint. Upon examination of the record, the initial decision, and the briefs and oral argument in support of this appeal and in opposition thereto, the Commission has concluded, for the reasons set forth in the accompanying opinion, that the initial decision of the Administrative Law Judge should be adopted and issued as the decision of the Commission. Accordingly, IT IS ORDERED that complaint counsel's appeal from the initial decision of the Administrative Law Judge be, and it hereby is, denied. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the initial decision of the Administrative Law Judge be, and it hereby is, adopted as the decision of the Commission. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the complaint in the captioned matter be, and it hereby is, dismissed. By the Commission, Commissioner Jones dissenting. CL.O.Tolin SEAL Charles A. Tobin Secretary ISSUED: October 5, 1973 ATTACHMENT: Dissenting Statement of Commissioner Jones. Source: ittps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/szyj0226

who is the chairman of the council on children, media and merchandising?

mgpj0226

mgpj0226_p6

Robert Choate

Nutrition Action 1755 S Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20009 (202) 332-9110 November 4, 1977 Freedom of Information Office Food and Drug Administration 5600 Fishers Lane Room 4-62 Rockville, MD 20857 Dear Officer, Please send a copy of a letter of August 30, 1977 from Commissioner Kennedy to Robert Choate, chairman of the Council on Children, Media and Merchandising referred to on page 58 of the September 5, 1977 issue of Food Chemical News. The letter was written in response to a July 11 letter of Choate to Kennedy. Thank you. Sincerely, HF / Bounie F. Libman Bonnie Liebman F77-20911 RECEIVED NOV 8 1977 FDA PUBLIC RECORDS AND DOCUMENTS CENTER (HFC-18) a project of Center for Science in the Public Interest Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mgpj0226

What is the name of the office mentioned in the letter?

mgpj0226

mgpj0226_p6

Freedom of information office

Nutrition Action 1755 S Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20009 (202) 332-9110 November 4, 1977 Freedom of Information Office Food and Drug Administration 5600 Fishers Lane Room 4-62 Rockville, MD 20857 Dear Officer, Please send a copy of a letter of August 30, 1977 from Commissioner Kennedy to Robert Choate, chairman of the Council on Children, Media and Merchandising referred to on page 58 of the September 5, 1977 issue of Food Chemical News. The letter was written in response to a July 11 letter of Choate to Kennedy. Thank you. Sincerely, HF / Bounie F. Libman Bonnie Liebman F77-20911 RECEIVED NOV 8 1977 FDA PUBLIC RECORDS AND DOCUMENTS CENTER (HFC-18) a project of Center for Science in the Public Interest Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mgpj0226

who has signed the letter?

mgpj0226

mgpj0226_p6

Bonnie Liebman

Nutrition Action 1755 S Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20009 (202) 332-9110 November 4, 1977 Freedom of Information Office Food and Drug Administration 5600 Fishers Lane Room 4-62 Rockville, MD 20857 Dear Officer, Please send a copy of a letter of August 30, 1977 from Commissioner Kennedy to Robert Choate, chairman of the Council on Children, Media and Merchandising referred to on page 58 of the September 5, 1977 issue of Food Chemical News. The letter was written in response to a July 11 letter of Choate to Kennedy. Thank you. Sincerely, HF / Bounie F. Libman Bonnie Liebman F77-20911 RECEIVED NOV 8 1977 FDA PUBLIC RECORDS AND DOCUMENTS CENTER (HFC-18) a project of Center for Science in the Public Interest Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mgpj0226

what is the heading of the document?

mgpj0226

mgpj0226_p6

Nutrition action, Nutrition Action

Nutrition Action 1755 S Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20009 (202) 332-9110 November 4, 1977 Freedom of Information Office Food and Drug Administration 5600 Fishers Lane Room 4-62 Rockville, MD 20857 Dear Officer, Please send a copy of a letter of August 30, 1977 from Commissioner Kennedy to Robert Choate, chairman of the Council on Children, Media and Merchandising referred to on page 58 of the September 5, 1977 issue of Food Chemical News. The letter was written in response to a July 11 letter of Choate to Kennedy. Thank you. Sincerely, HF / Bounie F. Libman Bonnie Liebman F77-20911 RECEIVED NOV 8 1977 FDA PUBLIC RECORDS AND DOCUMENTS CENTER (HFC-18) a project of Center for Science in the Public Interest Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mgpj0226

By whom a great deal of advertising is produced locally?

rzyj0226

rzyj0226_p1, rzyj0226_p2, rzyj0226_p3, rzyj0226_p4, rzyj0226_p5, rzyj0226_p6

bottlers,, bottlers

Mr. Michael F. Jacobson Page 2 September 8, 1972 We have no knowledge of this particular commercial, nor can we find any record of it in our files of commercials written for local bottlers. A great deal of advertising is produced locally by bottlers, and, of course, we would have no record of this material. Please let me know if you need any additional information. Sincerely, Sidney B. McAllister SBMcA/dd Attachments Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/rzyj0226 "BUY THE WORLD A COKE" l'd like to buy the world a home and furnish it with love Grow apple trees and honey bees and snow white turtle doves. I'd like to teach the world to sing in perfect harmony I'd like to buy the world a Coke and keep it company. (That's the real thing.) I'd like to teach the world to sing (What the world wants today) In perfect harmony I'd like to buy the world a Coke and keep it company. It's the real thing. Coke is. What the world wants today. Coca-Cola. It's the real thing. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/rzyj0226 COUNTRY GIRL You say you find it easy pleasing your Country Girl. Her simple way of living bought real love to your world. A home cooked meals her French cafe A night with you, her Broadway play 0h it really makes me happy knowin' I'm that Country Girl. Real things are her spice of life a piece of shade in the sun and Coke on ice It really makes me happy knowing I'm that Country Girl. It's the real thing. In the back of your mind, what your hoping to find, It's the real thing. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/rzyj0226 HAVE A GOOD DAY Hey what you say Give'em a song pass it along tell ' em Have a good day. Rainy day blues got no chance to stay Hey, there ain't no way. Just tell 'em a joke Buy 'em a Coke and say Have a good day They want the real thing (Like Coke is) They want to have a good day. Coca-Cola. What the world wants is (whistle) Coca-Cola. Yeah the real thing. Buy ' em a Coke. Tell ' em you hope they're gonna have a good. Have the real thing (Coke is) It's the real thing. Coca-Cola. It's the real thing. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/rzyj0226 SING WITH ME I'm gonna sing my song like I never sang before I'm gonna sing about life and the real things we need more Well I hope you don't mind if I sip on my Coke while I sing my song cause it cools my throat And you can have one too and sing along with me. I'm gonna sing about the mountains and the valleys And the real things in life that surround me Things like the ocean True love and devotion So have a Coke and sing along with me. About the real things. Coke is. It's the real thing. Coca-Cola. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/rzyj0226 "BICYCLE" May a. little bitty bit of sunshine come your way. And a little bit of love and happiness every day. I wish you no good-byes But a new friend every morning. Clear blue skies are the simple things in life that are good and true, that's the world I wish for you. It's the real thing. May you always have someone to share all your happy moments through. Somebody who'll sit and laugh and share some Coke with you. 'Cause they're the real things And I like to fill your life with Real things are the simple things in life that are good and true, That's the world I.wish for you. It's the real thing. Like a bottle of Coke. (Coca-Cola) It's the real thing. (Coke is) It's the real thing. Coke is. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/rzyj0226

who began voluntarily listing Yello #5 on its labels well before the FDA required

hjpj0226

hjpj0226_p4, hjpj0226_p5, hjpj0226_p6, hjpj0226_p7, hjpj0226_p8, hjpj0226_p9, hjpj0226_p10, hjpj0226_p11, hjpj0226_p12, hjpj0226_p13, hjpj0226_p14, hjpj0226_p15, hjpj0226_p16, hjpj0226_p17, hjpj0226_p18

pepsi-cola company, Pepsi-Cola Company

CAFFEINE Caffeine is an integral part of the flavor of the soft drinks in which it is found. In some cola drinks, small amounts of caffeine occur naturally as a part of the kola nut itself. A small amount of caffeine is also added to some soft drinks because it introduces a bitter element which balances the sweetness of other flavorings to create a distinctive, refreshing taste. Overall, soft drinks contain relatively small amounts of caffeine. Pepsi-Cola, for example, contains 19.2 milligrams (mg) of caffeine in a six-ounce serving. By comparison, an average-strength cup of coffee has about 108 mg of caffeine, while six ounces of average-strength tea contains 54 mg of caffeine. After reviewing caffeine consumption in America, experts acting on behalf of the Food and Drug Administration concluded that soft drinks add little to the total consumption of caffeine in the average diet. Caffeine and Health People have been consuming caffeine since the first tea leaf was brewed about 2700 B.C. It is found in coffee beans, cocoa beans (from which chocolate is produced), tea leaves, kola nuts and other plant materials. Caffeine is a known mild stimulant. In large enough amounts, it will increase muscular agility and endurance, and reduce fatigue. Because of its ability to decrease fatigue, it is an ingredient in many common pain relief and cold medications. On the other hand, too much caffeine can sometimes cause insomnia or irritability. These effects do not last long because our bodies rapidly process and eliminate caffeine. Caffeine and Birth Defects There had been some concern that caffeine consumption was related to birth defects; to date, however, studies of human populations have indicated that there is no relationship between caffeine and birth defects or other reproductive problems. Studies of rats, mice and rabbits show that at very high doses caffeine can cause birth defects in offspring of these species. However, the amount of caffeine fed to each animal in these studies was the equivalent of a person drinking about sixty cups of coffee daily; below these levels, no reproductive or birth defects were observed. In the past decade or so, there have been eight studies of the effects of caffeine on human reproduction. Researchers compared the caffeine consumption of mothers with healthy babies and mothers of children with birth defects. These studies found no relationship between caffeine consumption and the existence of birth defects. PEPSI PEPSI-COLA COMPANY, PURCHASE, NEW YORK 10577 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/hjpj0226 CAFFEINE -- 2 The greatest sources of caffeine are coffee, tea and chocolate. Soft drinks add little to the average total intake. In 1978, the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology reported to the FDA that most adults who drank soft drinks actually consumed four to thirteen times more caffeine from other sources while children received two to four times more caffeine from other sources. For consumers who prefer no caffeine in their diets, Pepsi-Cola produces a number of caffeine-free soft drinks. For Additional Information: American Council on Science and Health. The Health Effects of Caffeine. Summit, NJ, 1983 Jan. Dews, P.B. "Caffeine." Annual Review of Nutrition 1982. 2:323-341. Linn, S., et al. "No association between coffee consumption and adverse outcomes of pregnancy. New England Journal of Medicine 1982. 306(3):141-145. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/hjpj0226 Phosphoric acid, which is 31.6% phosphorus by weight, is used in some Pepsi-Cola products for two reasons. It contributes a citric note--a refreshing tart taste--t the soda. And it also acts as a buffer, i.e. it controls acidity and holds the beverages' pH at a steady level. Phosphorus is a necessary dietary component; it is essential to the life of every living cell. Without it, our bodies cannot utilize calcium properly. Excessive phosphorus intake causes our bodies to get rid of calcium too rapidly. The only possible concern about the amount of phosphorus consumed is whether an excess may upset the calcium/phosphorus balance. Since soft drinks normally contain only trace amounts of calcium, the calcium/phosphorus balance does not meet the 1:1 ratio thought to be optimal. However, total dietary intake of calcium and phosphorus is the only relevant consideration. It is estimated that soft drinks provide only two to three percent of the total phosphorus in the human diet. Pepsi-Cola soft drinks contain small amounts of phosphorus. Brand Pepsi-Cola, for example, has only 27.6 milligrams (mg) per six-ounce serving while Pepsi Light contains 13.2 mg. Recommended Daily Allowances (RDA) for phosphorus have been established by the Food and Nutrition Board, National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council. For individuals one year of age or older, the RDA ranges between 800 - 1200 mg per day. Pregnant and nursing women need an additional 400 mg above the daily requirement. Therefore, when soft drinks are consumed as part of a well balanced diet, there should be no concern about the relatively small amount of phosphorus they contain. Phosphorus is an essential component of our diet and the amount in soft drinks will not affect the total dietary ratio of calcium and phosphorus. Additional Information: Greger, J.L., Krystofiak, M. "Phosphorus intake of Americans.' Food Technology 1982. 36 (1) ):78-84. National Research Council and National Academy of Sciences. Food and Nutrition Board. Recommended Dietary Allowances. 9th ed. Washington, D.C., 1980. PEPSI PEPSI-COLA COMPANY, PURCHASE, NEW YORK 10577 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/hjpj226 FOOD COLORING As the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) has stated, "The appearance of a food is important in determining its acceptability. The primary purpose of food colorings is to restore the natural color of foods which may be lost through cooking, canning, transportation, storage, or other processes. " The major food colorings used in Pepsi-Cola soft drinks are tartrazine, approved by the Food and Drug Administration as FD&C Yellow #5, and caramel. Caramel Caramel is added to Pepsi-Cola drinks for several reasons. First, of course, it adds the caramel color people expect in a cola. In addition, it preserves the cola from harmful effects of sunlight because its darker color is an effective light barrier. Caramel also improves taste, and acts as an emulsifier to distribute flavorings evenly throughout the bottle or can. Caramel color is made from corn starch and is a source of nitrogen and sulphur. It is labeled "artificial coloring" because any added color, whether natural or not, must be so labeled. Tartrazine (Yellow Dye #5) Tartrazine is used in Mountain Dew. It was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1916, and has been permanently listed as safe since 1969. Permanent listing required tests for safety and effectiveness that were increasingly more strict and conducted according to modern testing standards. Testing and Safety of Food Coloring The history of food coloring use is also a history of testing and retesting, as scientific understanding of how to test for safety has grown with time. The Bureau of Chemistry, the FDA's predecessor, first investigated the safety of colors in the early 1900's and established an informal list of approved colors. In 1938, more stringent standards for purity and safety were applied, and manufacturers began sending samples from each batch of food coloring for purity and identity certification. In 1960, standards for safety testing were updated. Scientists began to establish limits for safe consumption of food colorings. Today, tartrazine has been approved as safe for human consumption up to 3.4 mg per pound of body weight. PEPSI PEPSI-COLA COMPANY, PURCHASE, NEW YORK 10577 Source: :ttps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/hjpj0226 FOOD COLORING -- 2 Food Coloring and Health Recently, questions have been raised about the relationship of all food additives to hyperactivity (hyperkinesis) in children. The National Institute for Health, the American Council on Science and Health, and the Nutrition Foundation reviewed studies in which hyperactive children were placed on additive-free diets. The children showed no substantial behavioral change when food coloring was removed from their diets. It would appear that there is no proven relationship between food coloring and hyperkinesis. A minor, but real, health effect of Yellow Dye #5 is a mild hypersensitivity experienced by a small group of individuals sensitive to this substance. Food and drinks containing tartrazine are so labeled. Pepsi-Cola Company began voluntarily listing Yellow #5 on its labels well before the FDA required it to alert those with this sensitivity to its presence in Mountain Dew. Artificial Versus Natural Coloring It is a federal labeling requirement that any ingredient used to color a food product--whether derived from a natural source or synthetically produced--is to be declared an "artificial color." Therefore, "artificial color" only fulfills federal labeling requirements and has no bearing on whether it is a natural or artificial substance. For Additional Information: Committee on Food Protection, Food and Nutrition Board, Division of Biology and Agriculture, National Research Council. Food Colors. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC 1971. Source: :https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/hjpj0226 SODIUM The amount of sodium contained in Pepsi-Cola soft drinks is very small, and contributes little to the total sodium in the average American diet. The Food and Drug Administration has adopted regulations requiring that sodium content be included in nutrition labeling on diet products. Under these regulations, most diet soft drinks are classified as "low sodium" -containing less than 140 milligrams (mg) per serving, or "very low sodium"--less than 35 mg of sodium per six ounce serving. All Pepsi-Cola's diet soft drinks are low or very low sodium and are labeled as such. Pepsi-Cola's regular soft drinks, which are not subject to the sodium labeling requirements, are also low, or very low sodium products. Sodium in Pepsi-Cola beverages may come from various sources: sodium chloride (salt), sodium benzoate, sodium phosphate or sodium citrate, which are used in some of the beverage concentrates; juices and caramel can also be minor sources of sodium. Since almost all water contains small amounts of sodium chloride, the local water supply is also a source of sodium. Sodium content varies by location and season. And since water is added to beverage concentrate at the local bottling plant, the amount of sodium in Pepsi-Cola soft drinks will also vary from city to city. Nevertheless, the total amount of sodium from soft drinks will still be five percent or less of the sodium in the average diet. How Much Salt Should We Have? The average person consumes 10 to 12 grams of salt daily. This amount represents approximately 3900 to 4700 mg of sodium, as salt is 39% sodium by weight. With the average person consuming two six-ounce servings of a soft drink daily, the contribution from Pepsi products to total sodium consumed would be 120 mg or less. The estimated safe and adequate level of dietary intake for sodium has been set at between 600 to 1800 mg for children 7 to 10 years of age and 1100 to 3300 mg for adults. This is equivalent to a safe and adequate daily intake of 2.8 - 8.4 grams of salt for adults. How much is too much? This is a hotly debated question. When reports first indicated a link between sodium and high blood pressure, many experts said the less salt the better. Since then, scientists have questioned the presumed cause-effect relationship between salt and high blood pressure. There are certain groups of people who are "salt-sensitive": persons who are already hytpertensive, and others whose sodium balance is easily upset. For these individuals, sodium does appear to have a direct relatonship with high blood pressure and they should consult their doctor about a sodium-restricted diet. PEPSI-COLA COMPANY, PURCHASE, NEW YORK 10577 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/hjpj226 SODIUM -- 2 Today, we have new information indicating that a lack of certain nutrients -- calcium, potassium, vitamin A and vitamin C -- may have a stronger relationship to high blood pressure than previously realized. These findings come from an examination of the data provided by the government's HANES I (Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I) study, performed by the National Center for Health Statistics. Researchers also found that people who consume the highest amounts of calcium, potassium and sodium were at the lowest risk for high blood pressure. Since Pepsi-Cola products provide such a minor amount of sodium compared to most other sources in the diet, they can be enjoyed for the great refreshment value they provide. For Additional Information: "The Sodium Content of Your Food" Home and Garden Bulletin Number 233 Science & Education Administration Information Staff U.S. Department of Agriculture Room 6007 - South Buildiing Washington, DC 20250 Council on Scientific Affairs. "Sodium in processed foods.' Journal of the American Medical Association 1983. 249(6) : 784. National Research Council and National Academy of Sciences. Food and Nutrition Board. Recommended Dietary Allowances. 9th ed. Washington, DC 1980. Source: :ttps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/hjpj0226 SWEETENERS SWEETENERS Sweeteners perform a primary role of making foods taste good; they provide major appeal and flavor gratification. A preference for sweetness may help us to distinguish between wholesome and harmful foods. Children have the greatest sugar craving, and least enjoy tart, sour or bitter flavors. Sweeteners fall into two categories: sugars, which provide calories and are used in regular soft drinks like Pepsi-Cola itself; and alternative sweeteners, which have few or no calories, and are used in diet soft drinks like Diet Pepsi. Sweeteners in Soft Drinks Sweetness is an essential part of the flavor profile of soft drinks. Four major sweeteners are used in soft drinks. Of the sugars, sucrose and high fructose corn sweetener are found in regular soft drinks. These are called nutritive sweeteners because they contain calories and therefore provide energy. Like sucrose, which most of us know as common table sugar, high fructose corn sweetener (HFCS), is made up of two simple sugars, fructose and glucose. As its name suggests, it is derived from corn. Sucrose and HFCS are not the same substance; however, their tastes are nearly identical, and they function about the same in soft drinks. The sweetening agents in diet soft drinks are aspartame (NutraSweetR * brand) and saccharin. Saccharin is an artificial sweetener, and has no calories. Aspartame is made of ingredients similar to those found in nature, and it does have calories. However, it is so intensely sweet that only a tiny amount is needed, and it adds less than one calorie to a six ounce serving of soft drink. Today, Pepsi-Cola uses a variety of sweeteners in its beverages. We primarily use high fructose corn syrup in our regular soft drinks, and aspartame in our bottled and canned diet products. Our fountain service diet products contain a blend of NutraSweetR and saccharin. NutraSweet is a registered trademark of G.D.Searle & Co. PEPSI PEPSI-COLA COMPANY, PURCHASE, NEW YORK 10577 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/hjpj0226 SWEETENERS SUGAR Sucrose, which most of us know as table sugar, is made up of two simple sugars, fructose and glucose. It is derived from sugar cane and sugar beets. Sugars are simple carbohydrates which perform a necessary role in the body. They are starter fuels, providing energy and helping the body do its work. Carbohydrates are one of the three macro-nutrients the body needs to function effectively; the other two are proteins and fats. Complex carbohydrates such as grains, cereals and pasta are ultimately broken down in the body to glucose and other simple sugars. Sugar and Health Questions have arisen from time to time about the usefulness of sugar as a food substance. Today, experts basically agree that in moderation, sugar is pleasurable, and not harmful. However, a balanced diet is the key -- too much sugar in place of other important nutrients does not constitute a healthful eating program. Some people have questioned whether sugar contributes to a clinical condition of hyperactivity, known as hyperkinesis, in children. Studies have shown fairly conclusively that the presence or absence of sugar does not have a bearing upon hyperkinetic behavior. Sugar and Cavities Sugar can create conditions in the mouth which lead to tooth decay. That is, sugar acidifies saliva, and this creates an environment in which cavity-causing bacteria can grow. However, studies have shown that the time of day in which a sugar is consumed, the form of the sugar (is it hard, sticky?), and the individual's oral hygiene practices are factors which are important in the development of dental cavities. Soft drinks contain sugars in solution, so that the sugar passes quickly through the mouth indicating a lower risk for cavity development if the individual has good oral hygiene practices. For Additional Information: Bierman, E.L., et al. "Carbohydrates, sucrose, and human disease." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1979. 32:2712-2722 "Consensus on diets and hyperactivity. Science 1982 Feb. 215(4535) : 958. Sugars and Nutritive Sweeteners in Processed Foods. Food Technology 1979 May. 33(5): 101-105. Life Sciences Research Office, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. Evaluation of the Health Aspects of Sucrose as a Food Ingredient. 1976 PEPSI PEPSI-COLA COMPANY, PURCHASE, NEW YORK 10577 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/hjpj0226 SWEETENERS ASPARTAME Aspartame is the sweetener Pepsi-Cola uses in its diet bottled and canned soft drinks. The brand name for aspartame is NutraSweet * (which is why our Tabels say "sweetened with 100 percent NutraSweet"). Aspartame is made up of two amino acids, aspartic acid and the methyl ester of phenylalanine. These amino acids are components of protein, and they are plentiful in our diets because all protein foods contain them--meat, fish, dairy products, and some fruits and vegetables. They are also present in our blood plasma and in our tissues. Aspartame has a clean, sweet flavor. Alone, neither aspartic acid nor phenylalanine is sweet, but together in the form of aspartame they provide a taste closer to sugar than any other diet sweetener. In fact, taste tests with some foods demonstrated that people could not tell whether their samples had been sweetened with sugar or aspartame. Aspartame is a nutritive sweetener, that is, it does have calories. However, it is so intensely sweet--200 times sweeter than sugar--that very little provides the same sweetness as a teaspoon of sugar. A six-ounce serving of soft drink sweetened with aspartame contains less than one calorie. Aspartame and Health Aspartame underwent a decade of extensive testing before the Food and Drug Administration approved it for use in certain foods and as a table-top sweetener in 1981. The FDA extended its approval to include use in soft drinks in 1983. The FDA noted that the two amino acids which comprise aspartame are found in our bodies and throughout our normal food supply; it considers aspartame safe for consumption by both adults and children. Health questions raised during the testing of aspartame focused on whether or not we could get too much aspartic acid and phenylalanine from soft drinks, and whether there was a risk if aspartame broke down during extended periods of storage or at high temperatures. To the first question, the FDA responded that it is "inconceivable" that anyone could consume too much of either amino acid by drinking aspartame-sweetened soft drinks. In response to the second question, while some methanol would indeed be formed if aspartame broke down, that amount would not be harmful. A six-ounce serving of fruit juice contains approximately three times more methanol than six ounces of soft drink in which the aspartame has totally broken down. Small amounts of methanol are present in our bodies normally, with dietary sources such as fresh fruits and vegetables being only partial contributors to the total amount of methanol in our bodies. * NutraSweet is a registered trademark of G.D. Searle & Co. PEPSI PEPSI-COLA COMPANY, PURCHASE, NEW YORK 10577 Source: :ttps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/hjpj0226 ASPARTAME -- 2 Since the FDA approved aspartame for use in soft drinks, government agencies have continued to study the sweetener, and have found no link between it and any serious health effects. Over time, and in extremely warm temperatures, aspartame may begin to lose its sweetness; this will not affect the product's safety. We do, however, suggest that consumers store beverages in a cool place out of direct sunlight. Pepsi-Cola has initiated an in-store beverage monitoring program to make sure the diet soft drinks you take home are fresh. Our program includes production date-coding and product rotation, and allows our bottlers and retailers to maintain the highest quality beverages possible. For Additional Information: Consumer Affairs Food and Drug Administration 5600 Fishers Lane Room #16-63 Rockville, MD 20857 (202) 443-3170 NutraSweet Consumer Center P. 0. Box 1111 Skokie, IL 60076 1-800-842-9000 Consumer Information National Soft Drink Association 1101 Sixteenth Street Northwest Washington, DC 20036 (202) 463-6732 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/hjpj0226 SWEETENERS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON ASPARTAME Q: What is aspartame? A: Aspartame is a nutritive substance made of protein components (amino acids) similar to those found in many foods in the average diet such as milk or meats. It is a sweetening ingredient that has the taste of sugar without the calories and is metabolized by the body just like protein. Aspartame is manufactured and sold by the G.D. Searle Company (Skokie, Illinois) under the brand name NutraSweetR. In addition to its use in soft drinks, aspartame is used in a wide variety of other foods. Q: Is aspartame safe? A: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has determined that aspartame is completely safe. In fact, it is one of the most thoroughly tested substances ever approved for use in foods by the FDA. After considering more than 100 scientific tests and studies, the FDA approved aspartame in 1981 for use as a table top sweetener (under the brand name Equal) and in certain dry foods. In 1983, the FDA approved aspartame for use in carbonated beverages. Independent scientists in the World Health Organization have also determined aspartame to be suitable for use in food. This worldwide endorsement has resulted in the approval of aspartame in more than 40 countries. The FDA has noted that the two amino acids which comprise aspartame are found in our bodies and throughout our normal food supply; it considers aspartame safe for consumption. Q. How many calories are there in aspartame? A teaspoon of sugar contains 16 calories. It takes only one tenth of a calorie of aspartame to equal the sweetness of a teaspoon of sugar. That is because aspartame is approximately 200 times sweeter than sugar. So a 12-ounce can of Diet Pepsi sweetened with aspartame contains less than one calorie per serving. Q: Is it true that aspartame breaks down in soft drinks? A: Over time, and in extremely warm temperatures, aspartame does break down. This will not affect the product's safety, as the by-products of this process have not been found to be harmful. Pepsi-Cola has initiated an in-store beverage monitoring program to make sure the diet soft drinks consumers take home are fresh. Our program includes production date-coding and product rotation, and allows our bottlers and retailers to maintain the highest quality beverages possible. Q: Methanol is a by-product of the breakdown of aspartame. Is it dangerous to humans? A: The amount of methanol that would be formed from the break down of aspartame would not be harmful. In fact, a six-ounce serving of fruit juice contains approximately three times more methanol than six ounces of soft drink in which the aspartame has totally broken down. PEPSI PEPSI-COLA COMPANY, PURCHASE, NEW YORK 10577 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/hjpj0226 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON ASPARTAME -- 2 Q: What is phenylketonuria (PKU)? A: Approximately one out of every 15,000 infants is born with a rare genetic deficiency that results in the inability to metabolize an amino acid called phenylalanine. This amino acid, which is present in aspartame, is found in many foods in the normal diet such as milk and meats. (An eight-ounce glass of milk has more than 50 times as much phenylalanine as a 12-ounce Diet Pepsi.) All products sweetened with aspartame carry a statement on the label to alert those individuals who must restrict their intake of phenylalanine. Q. Is there anyone else who should avoid intake of aspartame, such as pregnant women or diabetics? A: On the basis of scientific studies, the FDA concluded that aspartame did not present a health risk to pregnant women. However, every pregnant woman should ask her physician for recommendations about diet during pregnancy. Aspartame is not a carbohydrate; clinical studies have shown that it is well tolerated by both insulin-dependent and noninsulin-dependent diabetics. The American Diabetes Association has found aspartame acceptable as a sweetener for products that may be included in diabetic meal plans. Check with your dietitian or doctor for specific recommendations. Q: Is there any scientific evidence that aspartame consumption causes adverse behavior in some individuals? A: All of the current data suggest there is no scientific evidence that aspartame ingestion has any relationship with behavior in individuals. Q: What about reports that use of aspartame may affect blood pressure? A: The FDA has concluded that there is no scientific data to substantiate the claim that aspartame has any effect on blood pressure. Q: Does aspartame contribute to dental decay? A: Aspartame does not promote tooth decay; it is an amino acid-based rather than a carbohydrate-based sweetener. A study conducted by the National Institute of Dental Research showed that NutraSweetR was not associated with the formation of cavities in animals. Q: Are there any guidelines concerning the amount of aspartame an individual may consume? A: Aspartame has undergone rigorous studies with respect to consumption. The FDA has determined the allowable daily intake to be 22.7 mg per pound of body weight, or 3,405 mg for a 150 1b. individual. With 14.75 mg of aspartame per fluid ounce of Diet Pepsi (177 mg in a 12 OZ can), an individual consuming aspartame through soda only would have to drink 19 12 oz. cans of Diet Pepsi to reach the limit set by the FDA. There are no demonstrated effects of aspartame ingestion in persons who do not have phenylketonuria. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/hjpj0226 SWEETENERS HIGH FRUCTOSE CORN SYRUP High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is found in most regular soft drinks, including Pepsi-Cola products. It is a nutritive sweetener that contains approximately 80 calories per 6 ounce serving and therefore provides energy. HFCS, like table sugar (sucrose), is made up primarily of two simple sugars, fructose and dextrose. A key difference between HFCS and sucrose is their respective sources. While HFCS is made from corn, sucrose is derived from sugar cane or sugar beets. HFCS is produced by a new technology that enhances the amount of fructose in the final product and is not to be confused with corn syrup, which is mostly glucose. HFCS is produced with varying amounts of fructose depending on its intended food purpose. The HFCS used in soft drinks contains 55% to 57% fructose; in this form, it is generally perceived as slightly sweeter than sugar. Why use HFCS instead of sugar? For two good reasons : availability and economics. While our sugar supply comes from both foreign and domestic sources, HFCS is produced from corn, which is grown in abundance in this country. Government-imposed quotas have created high domestic sugar prices while causing volatility in world supply. HFCS is not subject to such government quotas and is a high quality product that is competitively priced. Using HFCS helps keep the price of our products stable for our customers. For Additional Information: Consumer Information Center National Soft Drink Association 1101 Sixteenth Street Northwest Washington, DC 20036 (202) 463-6732 Corn Refiners Association Inc. 10001 Connecticut Ave. N.W. Suite 1022 Washington, DC 20036 (202) 331-1634 77 PEPSI PEPSI-COLA COMPANY, PURCHASE, NEW YORK 10577 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/hjpj022 SWEETENERS SACCHARIN Before the introduction of aspartame, saccharin was the primary sugar substitute for people who could not have sugar or who wished to restrict calories. Approximately three hundred times sweeter than sucrose, saccharin has been used in a wide variety of foods and beverages, and as a table-top sweetener for almost one hundred years. Until very recently, Pepsi-Cola sweetened its diet soft drinks with saccharin. When aspartame was approved for use in beverages in 1983, we began using a saccharin/aspartame blend. However, ingredient-identifier taste tests showed us that people preferred aspartame alone over the blend by nearly two to one. In response to consumer preference, Pepsi-Cola has begun sweetening its diet bottled and canned soft drinks with 100% NutraSweet R Saccharin and Health Today, saccharin-containing products have a government-mandated warning statement on the label. This warning statement is related to concerns over studies that have shown saccharin to cause bladder cancer in male rats when given in extremely high doses for very long periods of time. However, no adverse health effects have been found with people who use saccharin, and Congress has enacted legislation preventing the FDA from banning saccharin while further studies are being conducted. The fact that saccharin has been consumed by humans for nearly one hundred years without any apparent adverse effects supports its safety for human beings. Pepsi-Cola has switched from saccharin to aspartame solely for reasons of consumer preference. We remain convinced of saccharin's safety, and continue to use it in blends with aspartame in our fountain syrup diet products. For Additional Information: Consumer Information Center National Soft Drink Association 1101 Sixteenth Street Northwest Washington, DC 20036 (202) 463-6732 * NutraSweet is a registered trademark of G.D. Searle & Co. PEPSI PEPSI-COLA COMPANY, PURCHASE, NEW YORK 10577 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/hjpj0226

artificial colour only fulfils whose labelling requirements

hjpj0226

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federal labeling requirements

CAFFEINE Caffeine is an integral part of the flavor of the soft drinks in which it is found. In some cola drinks, small amounts of caffeine occur naturally as a part of the kola nut itself. A small amount of caffeine is also added to some soft drinks because it introduces a bitter element which balances the sweetness of other flavorings to create a distinctive, refreshing taste. Overall, soft drinks contain relatively small amounts of caffeine. Pepsi-Cola, for example, contains 19.2 milligrams (mg) of caffeine in a six-ounce serving. By comparison, an average-strength cup of coffee has about 108 mg of caffeine, while six ounces of average-strength tea contains 54 mg of caffeine. After reviewing caffeine consumption in America, experts acting on behalf of the Food and Drug Administration concluded that soft drinks add little to the total consumption of caffeine in the average diet. Caffeine and Health People have been consuming caffeine since the first tea leaf was brewed about 2700 B.C. It is found in coffee beans, cocoa beans (from which chocolate is produced), tea leaves, kola nuts and other plant materials. Caffeine is a known mild stimulant. In large enough amounts, it will increase muscular agility and endurance, and reduce fatigue. Because of its ability to decrease fatigue, it is an ingredient in many common pain relief and cold medications. On the other hand, too much caffeine can sometimes cause insomnia or irritability. These effects do not last long because our bodies rapidly process and eliminate caffeine. Caffeine and Birth Defects There had been some concern that caffeine consumption was related to birth defects; to date, however, studies of human populations have indicated that there is no relationship between caffeine and birth defects or other reproductive problems. Studies of rats, mice and rabbits show that at very high doses caffeine can cause birth defects in offspring of these species. However, the amount of caffeine fed to each animal in these studies was the equivalent of a person drinking about sixty cups of coffee daily; below these levels, no reproductive or birth defects were observed. In the past decade or so, there have been eight studies of the effects of caffeine on human reproduction. Researchers compared the caffeine consumption of mothers with healthy babies and mothers of children with birth defects. These studies found no relationship between caffeine consumption and the existence of birth defects. PEPSI PEPSI-COLA COMPANY, PURCHASE, NEW YORK 10577 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/hjpj0226 CAFFEINE -- 2 The greatest sources of caffeine are coffee, tea and chocolate. Soft drinks add little to the average total intake. In 1978, the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology reported to the FDA that most adults who drank soft drinks actually consumed four to thirteen times more caffeine from other sources while children received two to four times more caffeine from other sources. For consumers who prefer no caffeine in their diets, Pepsi-Cola produces a number of caffeine-free soft drinks. For Additional Information: American Council on Science and Health. The Health Effects of Caffeine. Summit, NJ, 1983 Jan. Dews, P.B. "Caffeine." Annual Review of Nutrition 1982. 2:323-341. Linn, S., et al. "No association between coffee consumption and adverse outcomes of pregnancy. New England Journal of Medicine 1982. 306(3):141-145. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/hjpj0226 Phosphoric acid, which is 31.6% phosphorus by weight, is used in some Pepsi-Cola products for two reasons. It contributes a citric note--a refreshing tart taste--t the soda. And it also acts as a buffer, i.e. it controls acidity and holds the beverages' pH at a steady level. Phosphorus is a necessary dietary component; it is essential to the life of every living cell. Without it, our bodies cannot utilize calcium properly. Excessive phosphorus intake causes our bodies to get rid of calcium too rapidly. The only possible concern about the amount of phosphorus consumed is whether an excess may upset the calcium/phosphorus balance. Since soft drinks normally contain only trace amounts of calcium, the calcium/phosphorus balance does not meet the 1:1 ratio thought to be optimal. However, total dietary intake of calcium and phosphorus is the only relevant consideration. It is estimated that soft drinks provide only two to three percent of the total phosphorus in the human diet. Pepsi-Cola soft drinks contain small amounts of phosphorus. Brand Pepsi-Cola, for example, has only 27.6 milligrams (mg) per six-ounce serving while Pepsi Light contains 13.2 mg. Recommended Daily Allowances (RDA) for phosphorus have been established by the Food and Nutrition Board, National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council. For individuals one year of age or older, the RDA ranges between 800 - 1200 mg per day. Pregnant and nursing women need an additional 400 mg above the daily requirement. Therefore, when soft drinks are consumed as part of a well balanced diet, there should be no concern about the relatively small amount of phosphorus they contain. Phosphorus is an essential component of our diet and the amount in soft drinks will not affect the total dietary ratio of calcium and phosphorus. Additional Information: Greger, J.L., Krystofiak, M. "Phosphorus intake of Americans.' Food Technology 1982. 36 (1) ):78-84. National Research Council and National Academy of Sciences. Food and Nutrition Board. Recommended Dietary Allowances. 9th ed. Washington, D.C., 1980. PEPSI PEPSI-COLA COMPANY, PURCHASE, NEW YORK 10577 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/hjpj226 FOOD COLORING As the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) has stated, "The appearance of a food is important in determining its acceptability. The primary purpose of food colorings is to restore the natural color of foods which may be lost through cooking, canning, transportation, storage, or other processes. " The major food colorings used in Pepsi-Cola soft drinks are tartrazine, approved by the Food and Drug Administration as FD&C Yellow #5, and caramel. Caramel Caramel is added to Pepsi-Cola drinks for several reasons. First, of course, it adds the caramel color people expect in a cola. In addition, it preserves the cola from harmful effects of sunlight because its darker color is an effective light barrier. Caramel also improves taste, and acts as an emulsifier to distribute flavorings evenly throughout the bottle or can. Caramel color is made from corn starch and is a source of nitrogen and sulphur. It is labeled "artificial coloring" because any added color, whether natural or not, must be so labeled. Tartrazine (Yellow Dye #5) Tartrazine is used in Mountain Dew. It was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1916, and has been permanently listed as safe since 1969. Permanent listing required tests for safety and effectiveness that were increasingly more strict and conducted according to modern testing standards. Testing and Safety of Food Coloring The history of food coloring use is also a history of testing and retesting, as scientific understanding of how to test for safety has grown with time. The Bureau of Chemistry, the FDA's predecessor, first investigated the safety of colors in the early 1900's and established an informal list of approved colors. In 1938, more stringent standards for purity and safety were applied, and manufacturers began sending samples from each batch of food coloring for purity and identity certification. In 1960, standards for safety testing were updated. Scientists began to establish limits for safe consumption of food colorings. Today, tartrazine has been approved as safe for human consumption up to 3.4 mg per pound of body weight. PEPSI PEPSI-COLA COMPANY, PURCHASE, NEW YORK 10577 Source: :ttps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/hjpj0226 FOOD COLORING -- 2 Food Coloring and Health Recently, questions have been raised about the relationship of all food additives to hyperactivity (hyperkinesis) in children. The National Institute for Health, the American Council on Science and Health, and the Nutrition Foundation reviewed studies in which hyperactive children were placed on additive-free diets. The children showed no substantial behavioral change when food coloring was removed from their diets. It would appear that there is no proven relationship between food coloring and hyperkinesis. A minor, but real, health effect of Yellow Dye #5 is a mild hypersensitivity experienced by a small group of individuals sensitive to this substance. Food and drinks containing tartrazine are so labeled. Pepsi-Cola Company began voluntarily listing Yellow #5 on its labels well before the FDA required it to alert those with this sensitivity to its presence in Mountain Dew. Artificial Versus Natural Coloring It is a federal labeling requirement that any ingredient used to color a food product--whether derived from a natural source or synthetically produced--is to be declared an "artificial color." Therefore, "artificial color" only fulfills federal labeling requirements and has no bearing on whether it is a natural or artificial substance. For Additional Information: Committee on Food Protection, Food and Nutrition Board, Division of Biology and Agriculture, National Research Council. Food Colors. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC 1971. Source: :https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/hjpj0226 SODIUM The amount of sodium contained in Pepsi-Cola soft drinks is very small, and contributes little to the total sodium in the average American diet. The Food and Drug Administration has adopted regulations requiring that sodium content be included in nutrition labeling on diet products. Under these regulations, most diet soft drinks are classified as "low sodium" -containing less than 140 milligrams (mg) per serving, or "very low sodium"--less than 35 mg of sodium per six ounce serving. All Pepsi-Cola's diet soft drinks are low or very low sodium and are labeled as such. Pepsi-Cola's regular soft drinks, which are not subject to the sodium labeling requirements, are also low, or very low sodium products. Sodium in Pepsi-Cola beverages may come from various sources: sodium chloride (salt), sodium benzoate, sodium phosphate or sodium citrate, which are used in some of the beverage concentrates; juices and caramel can also be minor sources of sodium. Since almost all water contains small amounts of sodium chloride, the local water supply is also a source of sodium. Sodium content varies by location and season. And since water is added to beverage concentrate at the local bottling plant, the amount of sodium in Pepsi-Cola soft drinks will also vary from city to city. Nevertheless, the total amount of sodium from soft drinks will still be five percent or less of the sodium in the average diet. How Much Salt Should We Have? The average person consumes 10 to 12 grams of salt daily. This amount represents approximately 3900 to 4700 mg of sodium, as salt is 39% sodium by weight. With the average person consuming two six-ounce servings of a soft drink daily, the contribution from Pepsi products to total sodium consumed would be 120 mg or less. The estimated safe and adequate level of dietary intake for sodium has been set at between 600 to 1800 mg for children 7 to 10 years of age and 1100 to 3300 mg for adults. This is equivalent to a safe and adequate daily intake of 2.8 - 8.4 grams of salt for adults. How much is too much? This is a hotly debated question. When reports first indicated a link between sodium and high blood pressure, many experts said the less salt the better. Since then, scientists have questioned the presumed cause-effect relationship between salt and high blood pressure. There are certain groups of people who are "salt-sensitive": persons who are already hytpertensive, and others whose sodium balance is easily upset. For these individuals, sodium does appear to have a direct relatonship with high blood pressure and they should consult their doctor about a sodium-restricted diet. PEPSI-COLA COMPANY, PURCHASE, NEW YORK 10577 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/hjpj226 SODIUM -- 2 Today, we have new information indicating that a lack of certain nutrients -- calcium, potassium, vitamin A and vitamin C -- may have a stronger relationship to high blood pressure than previously realized. These findings come from an examination of the data provided by the government's HANES I (Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I) study, performed by the National Center for Health Statistics. Researchers also found that people who consume the highest amounts of calcium, potassium and sodium were at the lowest risk for high blood pressure. Since Pepsi-Cola products provide such a minor amount of sodium compared to most other sources in the diet, they can be enjoyed for the great refreshment value they provide. For Additional Information: "The Sodium Content of Your Food" Home and Garden Bulletin Number 233 Science & Education Administration Information Staff U.S. Department of Agriculture Room 6007 - South Buildiing Washington, DC 20250 Council on Scientific Affairs. "Sodium in processed foods.' Journal of the American Medical Association 1983. 249(6) : 784. National Research Council and National Academy of Sciences. Food and Nutrition Board. Recommended Dietary Allowances. 9th ed. Washington, DC 1980. Source: :ttps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/hjpj0226 SWEETENERS SWEETENERS Sweeteners perform a primary role of making foods taste good; they provide major appeal and flavor gratification. A preference for sweetness may help us to distinguish between wholesome and harmful foods. Children have the greatest sugar craving, and least enjoy tart, sour or bitter flavors. Sweeteners fall into two categories: sugars, which provide calories and are used in regular soft drinks like Pepsi-Cola itself; and alternative sweeteners, which have few or no calories, and are used in diet soft drinks like Diet Pepsi. Sweeteners in Soft Drinks Sweetness is an essential part of the flavor profile of soft drinks. Four major sweeteners are used in soft drinks. Of the sugars, sucrose and high fructose corn sweetener are found in regular soft drinks. These are called nutritive sweeteners because they contain calories and therefore provide energy. Like sucrose, which most of us know as common table sugar, high fructose corn sweetener (HFCS), is made up of two simple sugars, fructose and glucose. As its name suggests, it is derived from corn. Sucrose and HFCS are not the same substance; however, their tastes are nearly identical, and they function about the same in soft drinks. The sweetening agents in diet soft drinks are aspartame (NutraSweetR * brand) and saccharin. Saccharin is an artificial sweetener, and has no calories. Aspartame is made of ingredients similar to those found in nature, and it does have calories. However, it is so intensely sweet that only a tiny amount is needed, and it adds less than one calorie to a six ounce serving of soft drink. Today, Pepsi-Cola uses a variety of sweeteners in its beverages. We primarily use high fructose corn syrup in our regular soft drinks, and aspartame in our bottled and canned diet products. Our fountain service diet products contain a blend of NutraSweetR and saccharin. NutraSweet is a registered trademark of G.D.Searle & Co. PEPSI PEPSI-COLA COMPANY, PURCHASE, NEW YORK 10577 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/hjpj0226 SWEETENERS SUGAR Sucrose, which most of us know as table sugar, is made up of two simple sugars, fructose and glucose. It is derived from sugar cane and sugar beets. Sugars are simple carbohydrates which perform a necessary role in the body. They are starter fuels, providing energy and helping the body do its work. Carbohydrates are one of the three macro-nutrients the body needs to function effectively; the other two are proteins and fats. Complex carbohydrates such as grains, cereals and pasta are ultimately broken down in the body to glucose and other simple sugars. Sugar and Health Questions have arisen from time to time about the usefulness of sugar as a food substance. Today, experts basically agree that in moderation, sugar is pleasurable, and not harmful. However, a balanced diet is the key -- too much sugar in place of other important nutrients does not constitute a healthful eating program. Some people have questioned whether sugar contributes to a clinical condition of hyperactivity, known as hyperkinesis, in children. Studies have shown fairly conclusively that the presence or absence of sugar does not have a bearing upon hyperkinetic behavior. Sugar and Cavities Sugar can create conditions in the mouth which lead to tooth decay. That is, sugar acidifies saliva, and this creates an environment in which cavity-causing bacteria can grow. However, studies have shown that the time of day in which a sugar is consumed, the form of the sugar (is it hard, sticky?), and the individual's oral hygiene practices are factors which are important in the development of dental cavities. Soft drinks contain sugars in solution, so that the sugar passes quickly through the mouth indicating a lower risk for cavity development if the individual has good oral hygiene practices. For Additional Information: Bierman, E.L., et al. "Carbohydrates, sucrose, and human disease." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1979. 32:2712-2722 "Consensus on diets and hyperactivity. Science 1982 Feb. 215(4535) : 958. Sugars and Nutritive Sweeteners in Processed Foods. Food Technology 1979 May. 33(5): 101-105. Life Sciences Research Office, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. Evaluation of the Health Aspects of Sucrose as a Food Ingredient. 1976 PEPSI PEPSI-COLA COMPANY, PURCHASE, NEW YORK 10577 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/hjpj0226 SWEETENERS ASPARTAME Aspartame is the sweetener Pepsi-Cola uses in its diet bottled and canned soft drinks. The brand name for aspartame is NutraSweet * (which is why our Tabels say "sweetened with 100 percent NutraSweet"). Aspartame is made up of two amino acids, aspartic acid and the methyl ester of phenylalanine. These amino acids are components of protein, and they are plentiful in our diets because all protein foods contain them--meat, fish, dairy products, and some fruits and vegetables. They are also present in our blood plasma and in our tissues. Aspartame has a clean, sweet flavor. Alone, neither aspartic acid nor phenylalanine is sweet, but together in the form of aspartame they provide a taste closer to sugar than any other diet sweetener. In fact, taste tests with some foods demonstrated that people could not tell whether their samples had been sweetened with sugar or aspartame. Aspartame is a nutritive sweetener, that is, it does have calories. However, it is so intensely sweet--200 times sweeter than sugar--that very little provides the same sweetness as a teaspoon of sugar. A six-ounce serving of soft drink sweetened with aspartame contains less than one calorie. Aspartame and Health Aspartame underwent a decade of extensive testing before the Food and Drug Administration approved it for use in certain foods and as a table-top sweetener in 1981. The FDA extended its approval to include use in soft drinks in 1983. The FDA noted that the two amino acids which comprise aspartame are found in our bodies and throughout our normal food supply; it considers aspartame safe for consumption by both adults and children. Health questions raised during the testing of aspartame focused on whether or not we could get too much aspartic acid and phenylalanine from soft drinks, and whether there was a risk if aspartame broke down during extended periods of storage or at high temperatures. To the first question, the FDA responded that it is "inconceivable" that anyone could consume too much of either amino acid by drinking aspartame-sweetened soft drinks. In response to the second question, while some methanol would indeed be formed if aspartame broke down, that amount would not be harmful. A six-ounce serving of fruit juice contains approximately three times more methanol than six ounces of soft drink in which the aspartame has totally broken down. Small amounts of methanol are present in our bodies normally, with dietary sources such as fresh fruits and vegetables being only partial contributors to the total amount of methanol in our bodies. * NutraSweet is a registered trademark of G.D. Searle & Co. PEPSI PEPSI-COLA COMPANY, PURCHASE, NEW YORK 10577 Source: :ttps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/hjpj0226 ASPARTAME -- 2 Since the FDA approved aspartame for use in soft drinks, government agencies have continued to study the sweetener, and have found no link between it and any serious health effects. Over time, and in extremely warm temperatures, aspartame may begin to lose its sweetness; this will not affect the product's safety. We do, however, suggest that consumers store beverages in a cool place out of direct sunlight. Pepsi-Cola has initiated an in-store beverage monitoring program to make sure the diet soft drinks you take home are fresh. Our program includes production date-coding and product rotation, and allows our bottlers and retailers to maintain the highest quality beverages possible. For Additional Information: Consumer Affairs Food and Drug Administration 5600 Fishers Lane Room #16-63 Rockville, MD 20857 (202) 443-3170 NutraSweet Consumer Center P. 0. Box 1111 Skokie, IL 60076 1-800-842-9000 Consumer Information National Soft Drink Association 1101 Sixteenth Street Northwest Washington, DC 20036 (202) 463-6732 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/hjpj0226 SWEETENERS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON ASPARTAME Q: What is aspartame? A: Aspartame is a nutritive substance made of protein components (amino acids) similar to those found in many foods in the average diet such as milk or meats. It is a sweetening ingredient that has the taste of sugar without the calories and is metabolized by the body just like protein. Aspartame is manufactured and sold by the G.D. Searle Company (Skokie, Illinois) under the brand name NutraSweetR. In addition to its use in soft drinks, aspartame is used in a wide variety of other foods. Q: Is aspartame safe? A: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has determined that aspartame is completely safe. In fact, it is one of the most thoroughly tested substances ever approved for use in foods by the FDA. After considering more than 100 scientific tests and studies, the FDA approved aspartame in 1981 for use as a table top sweetener (under the brand name Equal) and in certain dry foods. In 1983, the FDA approved aspartame for use in carbonated beverages. Independent scientists in the World Health Organization have also determined aspartame to be suitable for use in food. This worldwide endorsement has resulted in the approval of aspartame in more than 40 countries. The FDA has noted that the two amino acids which comprise aspartame are found in our bodies and throughout our normal food supply; it considers aspartame safe for consumption. Q. How many calories are there in aspartame? A teaspoon of sugar contains 16 calories. It takes only one tenth of a calorie of aspartame to equal the sweetness of a teaspoon of sugar. That is because aspartame is approximately 200 times sweeter than sugar. So a 12-ounce can of Diet Pepsi sweetened with aspartame contains less than one calorie per serving. Q: Is it true that aspartame breaks down in soft drinks? A: Over time, and in extremely warm temperatures, aspartame does break down. This will not affect the product's safety, as the by-products of this process have not been found to be harmful. Pepsi-Cola has initiated an in-store beverage monitoring program to make sure the diet soft drinks consumers take home are fresh. Our program includes production date-coding and product rotation, and allows our bottlers and retailers to maintain the highest quality beverages possible. Q: Methanol is a by-product of the breakdown of aspartame. Is it dangerous to humans? A: The amount of methanol that would be formed from the break down of aspartame would not be harmful. In fact, a six-ounce serving of fruit juice contains approximately three times more methanol than six ounces of soft drink in which the aspartame has totally broken down. PEPSI PEPSI-COLA COMPANY, PURCHASE, NEW YORK 10577 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/hjpj0226 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON ASPARTAME -- 2 Q: What is phenylketonuria (PKU)? A: Approximately one out of every 15,000 infants is born with a rare genetic deficiency that results in the inability to metabolize an amino acid called phenylalanine. This amino acid, which is present in aspartame, is found in many foods in the normal diet such as milk and meats. (An eight-ounce glass of milk has more than 50 times as much phenylalanine as a 12-ounce Diet Pepsi.) All products sweetened with aspartame carry a statement on the label to alert those individuals who must restrict their intake of phenylalanine. Q. Is there anyone else who should avoid intake of aspartame, such as pregnant women or diabetics? A: On the basis of scientific studies, the FDA concluded that aspartame did not present a health risk to pregnant women. However, every pregnant woman should ask her physician for recommendations about diet during pregnancy. Aspartame is not a carbohydrate; clinical studies have shown that it is well tolerated by both insulin-dependent and noninsulin-dependent diabetics. The American Diabetes Association has found aspartame acceptable as a sweetener for products that may be included in diabetic meal plans. Check with your dietitian or doctor for specific recommendations. Q: Is there any scientific evidence that aspartame consumption causes adverse behavior in some individuals? A: All of the current data suggest there is no scientific evidence that aspartame ingestion has any relationship with behavior in individuals. Q: What about reports that use of aspartame may affect blood pressure? A: The FDA has concluded that there is no scientific data to substantiate the claim that aspartame has any effect on blood pressure. Q: Does aspartame contribute to dental decay? A: Aspartame does not promote tooth decay; it is an amino acid-based rather than a carbohydrate-based sweetener. A study conducted by the National Institute of Dental Research showed that NutraSweetR was not associated with the formation of cavities in animals. Q: Are there any guidelines concerning the amount of aspartame an individual may consume? A: Aspartame has undergone rigorous studies with respect to consumption. The FDA has determined the allowable daily intake to be 22.7 mg per pound of body weight, or 3,405 mg for a 150 1b. individual. With 14.75 mg of aspartame per fluid ounce of Diet Pepsi (177 mg in a 12 OZ can), an individual consuming aspartame through soda only would have to drink 19 12 oz. cans of Diet Pepsi to reach the limit set by the FDA. There are no demonstrated effects of aspartame ingestion in persons who do not have phenylketonuria. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/hjpj0226 SWEETENERS HIGH FRUCTOSE CORN SYRUP High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is found in most regular soft drinks, including Pepsi-Cola products. It is a nutritive sweetener that contains approximately 80 calories per 6 ounce serving and therefore provides energy. HFCS, like table sugar (sucrose), is made up primarily of two simple sugars, fructose and dextrose. A key difference between HFCS and sucrose is their respective sources. While HFCS is made from corn, sucrose is derived from sugar cane or sugar beets. HFCS is produced by a new technology that enhances the amount of fructose in the final product and is not to be confused with corn syrup, which is mostly glucose. HFCS is produced with varying amounts of fructose depending on its intended food purpose. The HFCS used in soft drinks contains 55% to 57% fructose; in this form, it is generally perceived as slightly sweeter than sugar. Why use HFCS instead of sugar? For two good reasons : availability and economics. While our sugar supply comes from both foreign and domestic sources, HFCS is produced from corn, which is grown in abundance in this country. Government-imposed quotas have created high domestic sugar prices while causing volatility in world supply. HFCS is not subject to such government quotas and is a high quality product that is competitively priced. Using HFCS helps keep the price of our products stable for our customers. For Additional Information: Consumer Information Center National Soft Drink Association 1101 Sixteenth Street Northwest Washington, DC 20036 (202) 463-6732 Corn Refiners Association Inc. 10001 Connecticut Ave. N.W. Suite 1022 Washington, DC 20036 (202) 331-1634 77 PEPSI PEPSI-COLA COMPANY, PURCHASE, NEW YORK 10577 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/hjpj022 SWEETENERS SACCHARIN Before the introduction of aspartame, saccharin was the primary sugar substitute for people who could not have sugar or who wished to restrict calories. Approximately three hundred times sweeter than sucrose, saccharin has been used in a wide variety of foods and beverages, and as a table-top sweetener for almost one hundred years. Until very recently, Pepsi-Cola sweetened its diet soft drinks with saccharin. When aspartame was approved for use in beverages in 1983, we began using a saccharin/aspartame blend. However, ingredient-identifier taste tests showed us that people preferred aspartame alone over the blend by nearly two to one. In response to consumer preference, Pepsi-Cola has begun sweetening its diet bottled and canned soft drinks with 100% NutraSweet R Saccharin and Health Today, saccharin-containing products have a government-mandated warning statement on the label. This warning statement is related to concerns over studies that have shown saccharin to cause bladder cancer in male rats when given in extremely high doses for very long periods of time. However, no adverse health effects have been found with people who use saccharin, and Congress has enacted legislation preventing the FDA from banning saccharin while further studies are being conducted. The fact that saccharin has been consumed by humans for nearly one hundred years without any apparent adverse effects supports its safety for human beings. Pepsi-Cola has switched from saccharin to aspartame solely for reasons of consumer preference. We remain convinced of saccharin's safety, and continue to use it in blends with aspartame in our fountain syrup diet products. For Additional Information: Consumer Information Center National Soft Drink Association 1101 Sixteenth Street Northwest Washington, DC 20036 (202) 463-6732 * NutraSweet is a registered trademark of G.D. Searle & Co. PEPSI PEPSI-COLA COMPANY, PURCHASE, NEW YORK 10577 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/hjpj0226

what was removed from the diets of hyperactive children as part of the study?

hjpj0226

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food coloring

CAFFEINE Caffeine is an integral part of the flavor of the soft drinks in which it is found. In some cola drinks, small amounts of caffeine occur naturally as a part of the kola nut itself. A small amount of caffeine is also added to some soft drinks because it introduces a bitter element which balances the sweetness of other flavorings to create a distinctive, refreshing taste. Overall, soft drinks contain relatively small amounts of caffeine. Pepsi-Cola, for example, contains 19.2 milligrams (mg) of caffeine in a six-ounce serving. By comparison, an average-strength cup of coffee has about 108 mg of caffeine, while six ounces of average-strength tea contains 54 mg of caffeine. After reviewing caffeine consumption in America, experts acting on behalf of the Food and Drug Administration concluded that soft drinks add little to the total consumption of caffeine in the average diet. Caffeine and Health People have been consuming caffeine since the first tea leaf was brewed about 2700 B.C. It is found in coffee beans, cocoa beans (from which chocolate is produced), tea leaves, kola nuts and other plant materials. Caffeine is a known mild stimulant. In large enough amounts, it will increase muscular agility and endurance, and reduce fatigue. Because of its ability to decrease fatigue, it is an ingredient in many common pain relief and cold medications. On the other hand, too much caffeine can sometimes cause insomnia or irritability. These effects do not last long because our bodies rapidly process and eliminate caffeine. Caffeine and Birth Defects There had been some concern that caffeine consumption was related to birth defects; to date, however, studies of human populations have indicated that there is no relationship between caffeine and birth defects or other reproductive problems. Studies of rats, mice and rabbits show that at very high doses caffeine can cause birth defects in offspring of these species. However, the amount of caffeine fed to each animal in these studies was the equivalent of a person drinking about sixty cups of coffee daily; below these levels, no reproductive or birth defects were observed. In the past decade or so, there have been eight studies of the effects of caffeine on human reproduction. Researchers compared the caffeine consumption of mothers with healthy babies and mothers of children with birth defects. These studies found no relationship between caffeine consumption and the existence of birth defects. PEPSI PEPSI-COLA COMPANY, PURCHASE, NEW YORK 10577 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/hjpj0226 CAFFEINE -- 2 The greatest sources of caffeine are coffee, tea and chocolate. Soft drinks add little to the average total intake. In 1978, the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology reported to the FDA that most adults who drank soft drinks actually consumed four to thirteen times more caffeine from other sources while children received two to four times more caffeine from other sources. For consumers who prefer no caffeine in their diets, Pepsi-Cola produces a number of caffeine-free soft drinks. For Additional Information: American Council on Science and Health. The Health Effects of Caffeine. Summit, NJ, 1983 Jan. Dews, P.B. "Caffeine." Annual Review of Nutrition 1982. 2:323-341. Linn, S., et al. "No association between coffee consumption and adverse outcomes of pregnancy. New England Journal of Medicine 1982. 306(3):141-145. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/hjpj0226 Phosphoric acid, which is 31.6% phosphorus by weight, is used in some Pepsi-Cola products for two reasons. It contributes a citric note--a refreshing tart taste--t the soda. And it also acts as a buffer, i.e. it controls acidity and holds the beverages' pH at a steady level. Phosphorus is a necessary dietary component; it is essential to the life of every living cell. Without it, our bodies cannot utilize calcium properly. Excessive phosphorus intake causes our bodies to get rid of calcium too rapidly. The only possible concern about the amount of phosphorus consumed is whether an excess may upset the calcium/phosphorus balance. Since soft drinks normally contain only trace amounts of calcium, the calcium/phosphorus balance does not meet the 1:1 ratio thought to be optimal. However, total dietary intake of calcium and phosphorus is the only relevant consideration. It is estimated that soft drinks provide only two to three percent of the total phosphorus in the human diet. Pepsi-Cola soft drinks contain small amounts of phosphorus. Brand Pepsi-Cola, for example, has only 27.6 milligrams (mg) per six-ounce serving while Pepsi Light contains 13.2 mg. Recommended Daily Allowances (RDA) for phosphorus have been established by the Food and Nutrition Board, National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council. For individuals one year of age or older, the RDA ranges between 800 - 1200 mg per day. Pregnant and nursing women need an additional 400 mg above the daily requirement. Therefore, when soft drinks are consumed as part of a well balanced diet, there should be no concern about the relatively small amount of phosphorus they contain. Phosphorus is an essential component of our diet and the amount in soft drinks will not affect the total dietary ratio of calcium and phosphorus. Additional Information: Greger, J.L., Krystofiak, M. "Phosphorus intake of Americans.' Food Technology 1982. 36 (1) ):78-84. National Research Council and National Academy of Sciences. Food and Nutrition Board. Recommended Dietary Allowances. 9th ed. Washington, D.C., 1980. PEPSI PEPSI-COLA COMPANY, PURCHASE, NEW YORK 10577 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/hjpj226 FOOD COLORING As the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) has stated, "The appearance of a food is important in determining its acceptability. The primary purpose of food colorings is to restore the natural color of foods which may be lost through cooking, canning, transportation, storage, or other processes. " The major food colorings used in Pepsi-Cola soft drinks are tartrazine, approved by the Food and Drug Administration as FD&C Yellow #5, and caramel. Caramel Caramel is added to Pepsi-Cola drinks for several reasons. First, of course, it adds the caramel color people expect in a cola. In addition, it preserves the cola from harmful effects of sunlight because its darker color is an effective light barrier. Caramel also improves taste, and acts as an emulsifier to distribute flavorings evenly throughout the bottle or can. Caramel color is made from corn starch and is a source of nitrogen and sulphur. It is labeled "artificial coloring" because any added color, whether natural or not, must be so labeled. Tartrazine (Yellow Dye #5) Tartrazine is used in Mountain Dew. It was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1916, and has been permanently listed as safe since 1969. Permanent listing required tests for safety and effectiveness that were increasingly more strict and conducted according to modern testing standards. Testing and Safety of Food Coloring The history of food coloring use is also a history of testing and retesting, as scientific understanding of how to test for safety has grown with time. The Bureau of Chemistry, the FDA's predecessor, first investigated the safety of colors in the early 1900's and established an informal list of approved colors. In 1938, more stringent standards for purity and safety were applied, and manufacturers began sending samples from each batch of food coloring for purity and identity certification. In 1960, standards for safety testing were updated. Scientists began to establish limits for safe consumption of food colorings. Today, tartrazine has been approved as safe for human consumption up to 3.4 mg per pound of body weight. PEPSI PEPSI-COLA COMPANY, PURCHASE, NEW YORK 10577 Source: :ttps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/hjpj0226 FOOD COLORING -- 2 Food Coloring and Health Recently, questions have been raised about the relationship of all food additives to hyperactivity (hyperkinesis) in children. The National Institute for Health, the American Council on Science and Health, and the Nutrition Foundation reviewed studies in which hyperactive children were placed on additive-free diets. The children showed no substantial behavioral change when food coloring was removed from their diets. It would appear that there is no proven relationship between food coloring and hyperkinesis. A minor, but real, health effect of Yellow Dye #5 is a mild hypersensitivity experienced by a small group of individuals sensitive to this substance. Food and drinks containing tartrazine are so labeled. Pepsi-Cola Company began voluntarily listing Yellow #5 on its labels well before the FDA required it to alert those with this sensitivity to its presence in Mountain Dew. Artificial Versus Natural Coloring It is a federal labeling requirement that any ingredient used to color a food product--whether derived from a natural source or synthetically produced--is to be declared an "artificial color." Therefore, "artificial color" only fulfills federal labeling requirements and has no bearing on whether it is a natural or artificial substance. For Additional Information: Committee on Food Protection, Food and Nutrition Board, Division of Biology and Agriculture, National Research Council. Food Colors. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC 1971. Source: :https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/hjpj0226 SODIUM The amount of sodium contained in Pepsi-Cola soft drinks is very small, and contributes little to the total sodium in the average American diet. The Food and Drug Administration has adopted regulations requiring that sodium content be included in nutrition labeling on diet products. Under these regulations, most diet soft drinks are classified as "low sodium" -containing less than 140 milligrams (mg) per serving, or "very low sodium"--less than 35 mg of sodium per six ounce serving. All Pepsi-Cola's diet soft drinks are low or very low sodium and are labeled as such. Pepsi-Cola's regular soft drinks, which are not subject to the sodium labeling requirements, are also low, or very low sodium products. Sodium in Pepsi-Cola beverages may come from various sources: sodium chloride (salt), sodium benzoate, sodium phosphate or sodium citrate, which are used in some of the beverage concentrates; juices and caramel can also be minor sources of sodium. Since almost all water contains small amounts of sodium chloride, the local water supply is also a source of sodium. Sodium content varies by location and season. And since water is added to beverage concentrate at the local bottling plant, the amount of sodium in Pepsi-Cola soft drinks will also vary from city to city. Nevertheless, the total amount of sodium from soft drinks will still be five percent or less of the sodium in the average diet. How Much Salt Should We Have? The average person consumes 10 to 12 grams of salt daily. This amount represents approximately 3900 to 4700 mg of sodium, as salt is 39% sodium by weight. With the average person consuming two six-ounce servings of a soft drink daily, the contribution from Pepsi products to total sodium consumed would be 120 mg or less. The estimated safe and adequate level of dietary intake for sodium has been set at between 600 to 1800 mg for children 7 to 10 years of age and 1100 to 3300 mg for adults. This is equivalent to a safe and adequate daily intake of 2.8 - 8.4 grams of salt for adults. How much is too much? This is a hotly debated question. When reports first indicated a link between sodium and high blood pressure, many experts said the less salt the better. Since then, scientists have questioned the presumed cause-effect relationship between salt and high blood pressure. There are certain groups of people who are "salt-sensitive": persons who are already hytpertensive, and others whose sodium balance is easily upset. For these individuals, sodium does appear to have a direct relatonship with high blood pressure and they should consult their doctor about a sodium-restricted diet. PEPSI-COLA COMPANY, PURCHASE, NEW YORK 10577 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/hjpj226 SODIUM -- 2 Today, we have new information indicating that a lack of certain nutrients -- calcium, potassium, vitamin A and vitamin C -- may have a stronger relationship to high blood pressure than previously realized. These findings come from an examination of the data provided by the government's HANES I (Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I) study, performed by the National Center for Health Statistics. Researchers also found that people who consume the highest amounts of calcium, potassium and sodium were at the lowest risk for high blood pressure. Since Pepsi-Cola products provide such a minor amount of sodium compared to most other sources in the diet, they can be enjoyed for the great refreshment value they provide. For Additional Information: "The Sodium Content of Your Food" Home and Garden Bulletin Number 233 Science & Education Administration Information Staff U.S. Department of Agriculture Room 6007 - South Buildiing Washington, DC 20250 Council on Scientific Affairs. "Sodium in processed foods.' Journal of the American Medical Association 1983. 249(6) : 784. National Research Council and National Academy of Sciences. Food and Nutrition Board. Recommended Dietary Allowances. 9th ed. Washington, DC 1980. Source: :ttps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/hjpj0226 SWEETENERS SWEETENERS Sweeteners perform a primary role of making foods taste good; they provide major appeal and flavor gratification. A preference for sweetness may help us to distinguish between wholesome and harmful foods. Children have the greatest sugar craving, and least enjoy tart, sour or bitter flavors. Sweeteners fall into two categories: sugars, which provide calories and are used in regular soft drinks like Pepsi-Cola itself; and alternative sweeteners, which have few or no calories, and are used in diet soft drinks like Diet Pepsi. Sweeteners in Soft Drinks Sweetness is an essential part of the flavor profile of soft drinks. Four major sweeteners are used in soft drinks. Of the sugars, sucrose and high fructose corn sweetener are found in regular soft drinks. These are called nutritive sweeteners because they contain calories and therefore provide energy. Like sucrose, which most of us know as common table sugar, high fructose corn sweetener (HFCS), is made up of two simple sugars, fructose and glucose. As its name suggests, it is derived from corn. Sucrose and HFCS are not the same substance; however, their tastes are nearly identical, and they function about the same in soft drinks. The sweetening agents in diet soft drinks are aspartame (NutraSweetR * brand) and saccharin. Saccharin is an artificial sweetener, and has no calories. Aspartame is made of ingredients similar to those found in nature, and it does have calories. However, it is so intensely sweet that only a tiny amount is needed, and it adds less than one calorie to a six ounce serving of soft drink. Today, Pepsi-Cola uses a variety of sweeteners in its beverages. We primarily use high fructose corn syrup in our regular soft drinks, and aspartame in our bottled and canned diet products. Our fountain service diet products contain a blend of NutraSweetR and saccharin. NutraSweet is a registered trademark of G.D.Searle & Co. PEPSI PEPSI-COLA COMPANY, PURCHASE, NEW YORK 10577 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/hjpj0226 SWEETENERS SUGAR Sucrose, which most of us know as table sugar, is made up of two simple sugars, fructose and glucose. It is derived from sugar cane and sugar beets. Sugars are simple carbohydrates which perform a necessary role in the body. They are starter fuels, providing energy and helping the body do its work. Carbohydrates are one of the three macro-nutrients the body needs to function effectively; the other two are proteins and fats. Complex carbohydrates such as grains, cereals and pasta are ultimately broken down in the body to glucose and other simple sugars. Sugar and Health Questions have arisen from time to time about the usefulness of sugar as a food substance. Today, experts basically agree that in moderation, sugar is pleasurable, and not harmful. However, a balanced diet is the key -- too much sugar in place of other important nutrients does not constitute a healthful eating program. Some people have questioned whether sugar contributes to a clinical condition of hyperactivity, known as hyperkinesis, in children. Studies have shown fairly conclusively that the presence or absence of sugar does not have a bearing upon hyperkinetic behavior. Sugar and Cavities Sugar can create conditions in the mouth which lead to tooth decay. That is, sugar acidifies saliva, and this creates an environment in which cavity-causing bacteria can grow. However, studies have shown that the time of day in which a sugar is consumed, the form of the sugar (is it hard, sticky?), and the individual's oral hygiene practices are factors which are important in the development of dental cavities. Soft drinks contain sugars in solution, so that the sugar passes quickly through the mouth indicating a lower risk for cavity development if the individual has good oral hygiene practices. For Additional Information: Bierman, E.L., et al. "Carbohydrates, sucrose, and human disease." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1979. 32:2712-2722 "Consensus on diets and hyperactivity. Science 1982 Feb. 215(4535) : 958. Sugars and Nutritive Sweeteners in Processed Foods. Food Technology 1979 May. 33(5): 101-105. Life Sciences Research Office, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. Evaluation of the Health Aspects of Sucrose as a Food Ingredient. 1976 PEPSI PEPSI-COLA COMPANY, PURCHASE, NEW YORK 10577 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/hjpj0226 SWEETENERS ASPARTAME Aspartame is the sweetener Pepsi-Cola uses in its diet bottled and canned soft drinks. The brand name for aspartame is NutraSweet * (which is why our Tabels say "sweetened with 100 percent NutraSweet"). Aspartame is made up of two amino acids, aspartic acid and the methyl ester of phenylalanine. These amino acids are components of protein, and they are plentiful in our diets because all protein foods contain them--meat, fish, dairy products, and some fruits and vegetables. They are also present in our blood plasma and in our tissues. Aspartame has a clean, sweet flavor. Alone, neither aspartic acid nor phenylalanine is sweet, but together in the form of aspartame they provide a taste closer to sugar than any other diet sweetener. In fact, taste tests with some foods demonstrated that people could not tell whether their samples had been sweetened with sugar or aspartame. Aspartame is a nutritive sweetener, that is, it does have calories. However, it is so intensely sweet--200 times sweeter than sugar--that very little provides the same sweetness as a teaspoon of sugar. A six-ounce serving of soft drink sweetened with aspartame contains less than one calorie. Aspartame and Health Aspartame underwent a decade of extensive testing before the Food and Drug Administration approved it for use in certain foods and as a table-top sweetener in 1981. The FDA extended its approval to include use in soft drinks in 1983. The FDA noted that the two amino acids which comprise aspartame are found in our bodies and throughout our normal food supply; it considers aspartame safe for consumption by both adults and children. Health questions raised during the testing of aspartame focused on whether or not we could get too much aspartic acid and phenylalanine from soft drinks, and whether there was a risk if aspartame broke down during extended periods of storage or at high temperatures. To the first question, the FDA responded that it is "inconceivable" that anyone could consume too much of either amino acid by drinking aspartame-sweetened soft drinks. In response to the second question, while some methanol would indeed be formed if aspartame broke down, that amount would not be harmful. A six-ounce serving of fruit juice contains approximately three times more methanol than six ounces of soft drink in which the aspartame has totally broken down. Small amounts of methanol are present in our bodies normally, with dietary sources such as fresh fruits and vegetables being only partial contributors to the total amount of methanol in our bodies. * NutraSweet is a registered trademark of G.D. Searle & Co. PEPSI PEPSI-COLA COMPANY, PURCHASE, NEW YORK 10577 Source: :ttps://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/hjpj0226 ASPARTAME -- 2 Since the FDA approved aspartame for use in soft drinks, government agencies have continued to study the sweetener, and have found no link between it and any serious health effects. Over time, and in extremely warm temperatures, aspartame may begin to lose its sweetness; this will not affect the product's safety. We do, however, suggest that consumers store beverages in a cool place out of direct sunlight. Pepsi-Cola has initiated an in-store beverage monitoring program to make sure the diet soft drinks you take home are fresh. Our program includes production date-coding and product rotation, and allows our bottlers and retailers to maintain the highest quality beverages possible. For Additional Information: Consumer Affairs Food and Drug Administration 5600 Fishers Lane Room #16-63 Rockville, MD 20857 (202) 443-3170 NutraSweet Consumer Center P. 0. Box 1111 Skokie, IL 60076 1-800-842-9000 Consumer Information National Soft Drink Association 1101 Sixteenth Street Northwest Washington, DC 20036 (202) 463-6732 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/hjpj0226 SWEETENERS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON ASPARTAME Q: What is aspartame? A: Aspartame is a nutritive substance made of protein components (amino acids) similar to those found in many foods in the average diet such as milk or meats. It is a sweetening ingredient that has the taste of sugar without the calories and is metabolized by the body just like protein. Aspartame is manufactured and sold by the G.D. Searle Company (Skokie, Illinois) under the brand name NutraSweetR. In addition to its use in soft drinks, aspartame is used in a wide variety of other foods. Q: Is aspartame safe? A: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has determined that aspartame is completely safe. In fact, it is one of the most thoroughly tested substances ever approved for use in foods by the FDA. After considering more than 100 scientific tests and studies, the FDA approved aspartame in 1981 for use as a table top sweetener (under the brand name Equal) and in certain dry foods. In 1983, the FDA approved aspartame for use in carbonated beverages. Independent scientists in the World Health Organization have also determined aspartame to be suitable for use in food. This worldwide endorsement has resulted in the approval of aspartame in more than 40 countries. The FDA has noted that the two amino acids which comprise aspartame are found in our bodies and throughout our normal food supply; it considers aspartame safe for consumption. Q. How many calories are there in aspartame? A teaspoon of sugar contains 16 calories. It takes only one tenth of a calorie of aspartame to equal the sweetness of a teaspoon of sugar. That is because aspartame is approximately 200 times sweeter than sugar. So a 12-ounce can of Diet Pepsi sweetened with aspartame contains less than one calorie per serving. Q: Is it true that aspartame breaks down in soft drinks? A: Over time, and in extremely warm temperatures, aspartame does break down. This will not affect the product's safety, as the by-products of this process have not been found to be harmful. Pepsi-Cola has initiated an in-store beverage monitoring program to make sure the diet soft drinks consumers take home are fresh. Our program includes production date-coding and product rotation, and allows our bottlers and retailers to maintain the highest quality beverages possible. Q: Methanol is a by-product of the breakdown of aspartame. Is it dangerous to humans? A: The amount of methanol that would be formed from the break down of aspartame would not be harmful. In fact, a six-ounce serving of fruit juice contains approximately three times more methanol than six ounces of soft drink in which the aspartame has totally broken down. PEPSI PEPSI-COLA COMPANY, PURCHASE, NEW YORK 10577 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/hjpj0226 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON ASPARTAME -- 2 Q: What is phenylketonuria (PKU)? A: Approximately one out of every 15,000 infants is born with a rare genetic deficiency that results in the inability to metabolize an amino acid called phenylalanine. This amino acid, which is present in aspartame, is found in many foods in the normal diet such as milk and meats. (An eight-ounce glass of milk has more than 50 times as much phenylalanine as a 12-ounce Diet Pepsi.) All products sweetened with aspartame carry a statement on the label to alert those individuals who must restrict their intake of phenylalanine. Q. Is there anyone else who should avoid intake of aspartame, such as pregnant women or diabetics? A: On the basis of scientific studies, the FDA concluded that aspartame did not present a health risk to pregnant women. However, every pregnant woman should ask her physician for recommendations about diet during pregnancy. Aspartame is not a carbohydrate; clinical studies have shown that it is well tolerated by both insulin-dependent and noninsulin-dependent diabetics. The American Diabetes Association has found aspartame acceptable as a sweetener for products that may be included in diabetic meal plans. Check with your dietitian or doctor for specific recommendations. Q: Is there any scientific evidence that aspartame consumption causes adverse behavior in some individuals? A: All of the current data suggest there is no scientific evidence that aspartame ingestion has any relationship with behavior in individuals. Q: What about reports that use of aspartame may affect blood pressure? A: The FDA has concluded that there is no scientific data to substantiate the claim that aspartame has any effect on blood pressure. Q: Does aspartame contribute to dental decay? A: Aspartame does not promote tooth decay; it is an amino acid-based rather than a carbohydrate-based sweetener. A study conducted by the National Institute of Dental Research showed that NutraSweetR was not associated with the formation of cavities in animals. Q: Are there any guidelines concerning the amount of aspartame an individual may consume? A: Aspartame has undergone rigorous studies with respect to consumption. The FDA has determined the allowable daily intake to be 22.7 mg per pound of body weight, or 3,405 mg for a 150 1b. individual. With 14.75 mg of aspartame per fluid ounce of Diet Pepsi (177 mg in a 12 OZ can), an individual consuming aspartame through soda only would have to drink 19 12 oz. cans of Diet Pepsi to reach the limit set by the FDA. There are no demonstrated effects of aspartame ingestion in persons who do not have phenylketonuria. Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/hjpj0226 SWEETENERS HIGH FRUCTOSE CORN SYRUP High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is found in most regular soft drinks, including Pepsi-Cola products. It is a nutritive sweetener that contains approximately 80 calories per 6 ounce serving and therefore provides energy. HFCS, like table sugar (sucrose), is made up primarily of two simple sugars, fructose and dextrose. A key difference between HFCS and sucrose is their respective sources. While HFCS is made from corn, sucrose is derived from sugar cane or sugar beets. HFCS is produced by a new technology that enhances the amount of fructose in the final product and is not to be confused with corn syrup, which is mostly glucose. HFCS is produced with varying amounts of fructose depending on its intended food purpose. The HFCS used in soft drinks contains 55% to 57% fructose; in this form, it is generally perceived as slightly sweeter than sugar. Why use HFCS instead of sugar? For two good reasons : availability and economics. While our sugar supply comes from both foreign and domestic sources, HFCS is produced from corn, which is grown in abundance in this country. Government-imposed quotas have created high domestic sugar prices while causing volatility in world supply. HFCS is not subject to such government quotas and is a high quality product that is competitively priced. Using HFCS helps keep the price of our products stable for our customers. For Additional Information: Consumer Information Center National Soft Drink Association 1101 Sixteenth Street Northwest Washington, DC 20036 (202) 463-6732 Corn Refiners Association Inc. 10001 Connecticut Ave. N.W. Suite 1022 Washington, DC 20036 (202) 331-1634 77 PEPSI PEPSI-COLA COMPANY, PURCHASE, NEW YORK 10577 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/hjpj022 SWEETENERS SACCHARIN Before the introduction of aspartame, saccharin was the primary sugar substitute for people who could not have sugar or who wished to restrict calories. Approximately three hundred times sweeter than sucrose, saccharin has been used in a wide variety of foods and beverages, and as a table-top sweetener for almost one hundred years. Until very recently, Pepsi-Cola sweetened its diet soft drinks with saccharin. When aspartame was approved for use in beverages in 1983, we began using a saccharin/aspartame blend. However, ingredient-identifier taste tests showed us that people preferred aspartame alone over the blend by nearly two to one. In response to consumer preference, Pepsi-Cola has begun sweetening its diet bottled and canned soft drinks with 100% NutraSweet R Saccharin and Health Today, saccharin-containing products have a government-mandated warning statement on the label. This warning statement is related to concerns over studies that have shown saccharin to cause bladder cancer in male rats when given in extremely high doses for very long periods of time. However, no adverse health effects have been found with people who use saccharin, and Congress has enacted legislation preventing the FDA from banning saccharin while further studies are being conducted. The fact that saccharin has been consumed by humans for nearly one hundred years without any apparent adverse effects supports its safety for human beings. Pepsi-Cola has switched from saccharin to aspartame solely for reasons of consumer preference. We remain convinced of saccharin's safety, and continue to use it in blends with aspartame in our fountain syrup diet products. For Additional Information: Consumer Information Center National Soft Drink Association 1101 Sixteenth Street Northwest Washington, DC 20036 (202) 463-6732 * NutraSweet is a registered trademark of G.D. Searle & Co. PEPSI PEPSI-COLA COMPANY, PURCHASE, NEW YORK 10577 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/hjpj0226

what sort of certification is this

qpjf0226

qpjf0226_p0, qpjf0226_p1, qpjf0226_p2, qpjf0226_p3

Certification of Translation

Comprehensive Product Strategy Meeting Material Field I: Diabetic Medicine Field Prepared on: 8/5/2002 Proposing Dept.: Pharmaceutical Research Div. HQ Name of issue: Actos Purpose of Submission Date Submission Date Submission date Priority (Fastest Top priority . Priority submission: ( transition) ( transition) 8/6/2002 General) Course of action in U.S. 1. Summary of the Proposal On July 22, 2002, Novo Nordisk announced that "with regard to the insulin sensitizer NN622 (Ragaglitazar) which is a PPAR dual agonist" being development by the company, it will stop the clinical study and postpone all planned clinical studies in response to the results of the carcinogenicity study in which bladder tumor was observed in multiple rats as well as one mouse. Following the announcement, FDA requested TPNA for a conference call, and a conference call between FDA and TPNA took place on July 31 (U.S. time). The contents of the conference are summarized below. We propose the following measures with regard to this matter for your review and approval. [Summary of the Conference Call] FDA indicated its opinion that bladder tumor is a class effect of the PPAR dual agonist (the PPAR hypothesis) and that bladder tumor in Actos rats is not caused by Takeda's hypothesis (Dr. Cohen's hypothesis, see Exhibit 1) but the PPAR hypothesis. Also, we received the following three requests and were instructed to submit to FDA our responses in writing within three to four weeks. 1. Monitor pathological changes in bladder: Submit a method for monitoring pathological changes in bladder in the phase IV long- term administration clinical study with a dosing period of one year or longer currently being conducted in the U.S. 2. Adding efficacy in children: Due to the concern for bladder tumor, abandon adding efficacy in children for which a clinical study is being prepared (the purpose is to prolong the exclusive marketing rights for six months). 3. Revising the label: Consider changing a part of the wording in the carcinogenicity study item in the label as follows: Current wording: "Relevance of findings of bladder tumor in male rats to humans is unclear" FDA's proposal: "The mechanism of the PPAR dual agonist (Note 1) may be related to the incidence of bladder tumor" Note 1: PPAR has known sub-types of a, y, and 8, and Actos is a y agonist and a weak a agonist. On the other hand, Avandia is a V agonist only. A compound that is both a and y agonist is known as a "PPAR dual agonist," and the TAK-559 and most of insulin sensitizers currently being developed (NN622, Merk, AstraZeneca, BMS, Mitsubishi Pharma and others) belong to this category. [Other items discussed with FDA] 1. With regard to Avandia, FDA said what is at issue is one product on the market, and clearly stated that it is a class effect of the PPAR dual agonist. However, at this stage it is unclear whether Avandia is receiving the same response from FDA as Actos. 2. Bladder tumor in the carcinogenicity study of the NN622, which is a PPAR dual agonist, was not specific to male rats and it was not accompanied by bladder stones. 3. FDA has obtained information that, in a bladder tumor manifestation promotion study conducted separately by a different company (Note 2), Actos, which was used as a control drug, increased bladder tumor. Note 2: Details of this study is unclear as FDA did not disclose any more information. However, it may be a study conducted by Novo Nordisk. 2. Responses to FDA (1) Response schedule: 1 On August 6, we will hold a four-way conference call with TPNA, EuR&D, TCI and Lilly HQ to stress the importance of managing information regarding this matter and confirm the future communication routes. 2 On August 12 and 13, we will hold a face-to-face, three-way meeting with TPNA, EuR&D and TCI to discuss our responses to the three requests from FDA described above, as well as how the work will be divided. From TCI, researchers in charge of toxicity and pharmacology will attend, with cooperation from the Strategic Development Department and the Research Division HQ. 3 We will actively seek cooperation from outside experts in toxicity, pharmacology and epidemiology. We've already begun to contact Dr. Cohen. 4 We will prepare (draft) responses to FDA by August 20 and obtain consent from relevant departments and CEO. 5 We plan to submit our responses to FDA on August 26. Confidential - Subject to Protective Order TAK-SATOKE-00091272 TAK-SATOKE-00091272P-0001 Source: Comprehensive Product Strategy Meeting Material Field I: Diabetic Medicine Field Prepared on: 8/5/2002 Proposing Dept.: Pharmaceutical Research Div. HQ Name of issue: Actos Purpose of Submission Date Submission Date Submission date Priority (Fastest Top priority . Priority submission: ( transition) ( transition) 8/6/2002 General) Course of action in U.S. (2) Current plan for responding to FDA's requests 1) Monitor pathological changes in bladder: 1 We will urgently consider a method for monitoring pathological changes in bladder in clinical studies (Note 3), and consider implementing the monitoring of pathological changes in bladder in long-term administration clinical studies being conducted not only in the U.S. but also in Europe and Japan. Note 3: As a general monitoring method, we will conduct a urinalysis, and if the urine occult blood reaction is positive, we will conduct a urine cytology and an ultrasound tomography test. Further, if there is a suspicious finding, we will conduct a cystoscopy. We will seek experts' opinions to see if there are appropriate monitoring methods other than this. 2 Already in Japan, 1,180 cases after the clinical trial (administration period: two months to one year) were followed up for two to three years (without administering Actos), and we obtained the result in which no bladder tumor with suspected association with the drug was reported. Therefore, we will evaluate this result and, if it is useful, we will use it in our response. 2) Adding efficacy in children: We will argue that the class effect of the PPAR dual agonist suggested by FDA lacks scientific basis, mainly based on the supporting data from nonclinical studies (see Exhibit 2 for details), and negotiate so that we can proceed to conduct the clinical study on children as initially planned. 3) Revising the label: With regard to the revision of the label, we will argue against the PPAR hypothesis FDA is asserting by reinforcing the Cohen hypothesis and constructing a theory from the perspectives of toxicity and pharmacology, and we will respond so as not to accept the revision of the label. (Exhibit 2) (3) Contingency plan With regard to the three requests from FDA, we will consider their impact on the market and other factors and rank their impact as shown below, clarify which request is acceptable and which is not, and consider our response. [Magnitude of impact] Revise label >> Abandon adding efficacy in children > Monitor pathological changes in bladder in clinical studies 1) It would be best if we can persuade FDA and we won't have to accept any of the three requests, but realistically we believe that is difficult. We will pursue a direction in which we will firmly refuse to accept the revision of the label which will have the most serious impact on the market. 2) With regard to the clinical study on children, if the situation forces us to accept it in order to avoid the label revision, we will cautiously proceed to discuss with FDA and look for a compromise. If possible, we will offer to postpone the start of the clinical study temporarily instead of abandoning the addition of efficacy. 3) We will try to persuade FDA by stating that monitoring results of pathological changes in bladder in long-term administration clinical studies are weak as supporting data. However, we will assume that we will eventually accept it and make preparations. 4) At worst, if FDA orders us to revise the label, we will insist on a class-labeling of PPAR agonists on the ground that FDA's PPAR hypothesis has no scientific basis, so that it will not lead to a differentiation from Avandia. 3. Response to regulatory authorities in Japan and Europe (1) Response to the Japanese government We will proceed as follows while consulting with the Pharmaceutical Sales HQ if necessary. 1 FDA may take some action in the future, but at this time FDA has not indicated any specific action. Therefore, we will not report to the Japanese authorities immediately. 2 However, if we don't report to the Japanese authorities until after FDA decides on its action, we are afraid that it may invite an overreaction from the authorities. In our judgment it is preferable to provide information in advance to avoid it. Therefore, after submitting the responses to FDA (August 26), TPNA will, in short order (on August 27 or 28), summarize FDA's requests and TPNA's responses into a memorandum and provide the information to officers in charge of the authorities (the Safety Division and the Center for Product Evaluation). 3 Subsequently, through TPNA, we will watch FDA's reactions, etc., and provide additional information to the authorities and maintain contact. Confidential - Subject to Protective Order TAK-SATOKE-00091273 TAK-SATOKE-00091272P-0002 Source: Comprehensive Product Strategy Meeting Material Field I: Diabetic Medicine Field Prepared on: 8/5/2002 Proposing Dept.: Pharmaceutical Research Div. HQ Name of issue: Actos Purpose of Submission Date Submission Date Submission date Priority (Fastest Top priority . Priority submission: ( transition) ( transition) 8/6/2002 General) Course of action in U.S. 4 If label indication is likely to be revised based on the discussion between FDA and TPNA, we will discuss internally the revision of the domestic label and determine our course of action. (2) Responding to the European authorities Currently, we don't have any legal obligation to officially report to EMEA regarding FDA's action. However, as in Japan, TPNA will, after submitting the responses to FDA, unofficially communicate to EMEA (rapporteur) FDA's requests and the summary of TPNA's responses. Incidentally, EMEA (rapporteur) and EuR&D are planning to meet on August 21, 2002 to discuss the application of an addition of efficacy planned for the second quarter of next year, and we assume that the issue of NN622 will come up at the meeting. At the meeting, we won't explain FDA's requests specifically, but we believe we have no choice but to say, "It seems that FDA contacted TPNA in the U.S. We will let you know about the details later." 4. Responding organizations for this matter Basically, we will utilize the organization of the current Actos Safety Measures Study Committee. However, with regard to this matter, we will limit the participants, and the secretariat will be in the Strategic Development Department (previously it was in the Pharmaceutical Information Department) to strengthen the communication with TPNA and EuR&D. Also, we will coordinate with the Corporate Strategy Division and the Strategic Development Department to unify the intentions among the relevant departments in the company. (The chart of responding organizations will be distributed separately.) 5. Communication to distributors (1) We have already notified Lilly HQ of the facts of this matter, and obtained their consent not to disclose information to Lilly distributors until they receive Takeda's instruction. (2) If FDA notifies us of specific actions, we will discuss with the Pharmaceutical International Division, Pharmaceutical Sales HQ, and Corporate Communication Department and decide how to notify overseas distributors and domestic sales offices. 6. Impact on post-Actos TAK-559 (PPAR dual agonist) (1) The post-Actos TAK-559 is categorized as a PPAR dual agonist as is the NN622, and currently, Phase II is being conducted in Europe under IND of FDA. (2) In the results of long-term toxicity tests obtained so far, there is no finding of toxicity that is indicative of bladder tumor, and at this time, there is no problem in the implementation of Phase II. (3) However, since FDA sees bladder tumor as a class effect of the PPAR dual agonist, we cannot deny the possibility that it will affect TAK-559 as well. (4) The TAK-559's carcinogenicity study is currently being conducted, and a preliminary report of histopathological tests will be obtained in October 2003 which will allow us to determine the presence or absence of bladder tumor. END Confidential - Subject to Protective Order TAK-SATOKE-00091274 TAK-SATOKE-00091272P-0003 Source: is INTERNATIONAL LITIGATION SERVICES CERTIFICATION OF TRANSLATION International Litigation Services, a company specializing in international cases and foreign language document processing, certifies the following: International Litigation Services has retained a professional translator for the attached Japanese into English document. The document is referred to as: "TAK-SATOKE-00091272P-0001 I affirm that such translation has been prepared by a duly qualified translator, who has confirmed that such translation is, to the best of his/her knowledge and belief, a true and accurate translation in English of the corresponding Japanese document. I declare under the penalty of perjury that the forgoing is true and correct. Notwithstanding the foregoing affirmations, no liability is assumed for errors and omissions in the translation of the attached document. Executed on this 27th day of August 2013, in Aliso Viejo, California. Joseph Hope Joseph Thorpe Managing Director International Litigation Services, Inc. International Litigation Services, Inc. - 65 Enterprise * Aliso Viejo, California 92686 Phone: 888.313.4457 Fax: 213.674.4191 * NEW YORK Los ANGELES LAS VEGAS ORANGE COUNTY Source:

What is the specialization of international litigation services?

qpjf0226

qpjf0226_p0, qpjf0226_p1, qpjf0226_p2, qpjf0226_p3

international cases and foreign language document processing

Comprehensive Product Strategy Meeting Material Field I: Diabetic Medicine Field Prepared on: 8/5/2002 Proposing Dept.: Pharmaceutical Research Div. HQ Name of issue: Actos Purpose of Submission Date Submission Date Submission date Priority (Fastest Top priority . Priority submission: ( transition) ( transition) 8/6/2002 General) Course of action in U.S. 1. Summary of the Proposal On July 22, 2002, Novo Nordisk announced that "with regard to the insulin sensitizer NN622 (Ragaglitazar) which is a PPAR dual agonist" being development by the company, it will stop the clinical study and postpone all planned clinical studies in response to the results of the carcinogenicity study in which bladder tumor was observed in multiple rats as well as one mouse. Following the announcement, FDA requested TPNA for a conference call, and a conference call between FDA and TPNA took place on July 31 (U.S. time). The contents of the conference are summarized below. We propose the following measures with regard to this matter for your review and approval. [Summary of the Conference Call] FDA indicated its opinion that bladder tumor is a class effect of the PPAR dual agonist (the PPAR hypothesis) and that bladder tumor in Actos rats is not caused by Takeda's hypothesis (Dr. Cohen's hypothesis, see Exhibit 1) but the PPAR hypothesis. Also, we received the following three requests and were instructed to submit to FDA our responses in writing within three to four weeks. 1. Monitor pathological changes in bladder: Submit a method for monitoring pathological changes in bladder in the phase IV long- term administration clinical study with a dosing period of one year or longer currently being conducted in the U.S. 2. Adding efficacy in children: Due to the concern for bladder tumor, abandon adding efficacy in children for which a clinical study is being prepared (the purpose is to prolong the exclusive marketing rights for six months). 3. Revising the label: Consider changing a part of the wording in the carcinogenicity study item in the label as follows: Current wording: "Relevance of findings of bladder tumor in male rats to humans is unclear" FDA's proposal: "The mechanism of the PPAR dual agonist (Note 1) may be related to the incidence of bladder tumor" Note 1: PPAR has known sub-types of a, y, and 8, and Actos is a y agonist and a weak a agonist. On the other hand, Avandia is a V agonist only. A compound that is both a and y agonist is known as a "PPAR dual agonist," and the TAK-559 and most of insulin sensitizers currently being developed (NN622, Merk, AstraZeneca, BMS, Mitsubishi Pharma and others) belong to this category. [Other items discussed with FDA] 1. With regard to Avandia, FDA said what is at issue is one product on the market, and clearly stated that it is a class effect of the PPAR dual agonist. However, at this stage it is unclear whether Avandia is receiving the same response from FDA as Actos. 2. Bladder tumor in the carcinogenicity study of the NN622, which is a PPAR dual agonist, was not specific to male rats and it was not accompanied by bladder stones. 3. FDA has obtained information that, in a bladder tumor manifestation promotion study conducted separately by a different company (Note 2), Actos, which was used as a control drug, increased bladder tumor. Note 2: Details of this study is unclear as FDA did not disclose any more information. However, it may be a study conducted by Novo Nordisk. 2. Responses to FDA (1) Response schedule: 1 On August 6, we will hold a four-way conference call with TPNA, EuR&D, TCI and Lilly HQ to stress the importance of managing information regarding this matter and confirm the future communication routes. 2 On August 12 and 13, we will hold a face-to-face, three-way meeting with TPNA, EuR&D and TCI to discuss our responses to the three requests from FDA described above, as well as how the work will be divided. From TCI, researchers in charge of toxicity and pharmacology will attend, with cooperation from the Strategic Development Department and the Research Division HQ. 3 We will actively seek cooperation from outside experts in toxicity, pharmacology and epidemiology. We've already begun to contact Dr. Cohen. 4 We will prepare (draft) responses to FDA by August 20 and obtain consent from relevant departments and CEO. 5 We plan to submit our responses to FDA on August 26. Confidential - Subject to Protective Order TAK-SATOKE-00091272 TAK-SATOKE-00091272P-0001 Source: Comprehensive Product Strategy Meeting Material Field I: Diabetic Medicine Field Prepared on: 8/5/2002 Proposing Dept.: Pharmaceutical Research Div. HQ Name of issue: Actos Purpose of Submission Date Submission Date Submission date Priority (Fastest Top priority . Priority submission: ( transition) ( transition) 8/6/2002 General) Course of action in U.S. (2) Current plan for responding to FDA's requests 1) Monitor pathological changes in bladder: 1 We will urgently consider a method for monitoring pathological changes in bladder in clinical studies (Note 3), and consider implementing the monitoring of pathological changes in bladder in long-term administration clinical studies being conducted not only in the U.S. but also in Europe and Japan. Note 3: As a general monitoring method, we will conduct a urinalysis, and if the urine occult blood reaction is positive, we will conduct a urine cytology and an ultrasound tomography test. Further, if there is a suspicious finding, we will conduct a cystoscopy. We will seek experts' opinions to see if there are appropriate monitoring methods other than this. 2 Already in Japan, 1,180 cases after the clinical trial (administration period: two months to one year) were followed up for two to three years (without administering Actos), and we obtained the result in which no bladder tumor with suspected association with the drug was reported. Therefore, we will evaluate this result and, if it is useful, we will use it in our response. 2) Adding efficacy in children: We will argue that the class effect of the PPAR dual agonist suggested by FDA lacks scientific basis, mainly based on the supporting data from nonclinical studies (see Exhibit 2 for details), and negotiate so that we can proceed to conduct the clinical study on children as initially planned. 3) Revising the label: With regard to the revision of the label, we will argue against the PPAR hypothesis FDA is asserting by reinforcing the Cohen hypothesis and constructing a theory from the perspectives of toxicity and pharmacology, and we will respond so as not to accept the revision of the label. (Exhibit 2) (3) Contingency plan With regard to the three requests from FDA, we will consider their impact on the market and other factors and rank their impact as shown below, clarify which request is acceptable and which is not, and consider our response. [Magnitude of impact] Revise label >> Abandon adding efficacy in children > Monitor pathological changes in bladder in clinical studies 1) It would be best if we can persuade FDA and we won't have to accept any of the three requests, but realistically we believe that is difficult. We will pursue a direction in which we will firmly refuse to accept the revision of the label which will have the most serious impact on the market. 2) With regard to the clinical study on children, if the situation forces us to accept it in order to avoid the label revision, we will cautiously proceed to discuss with FDA and look for a compromise. If possible, we will offer to postpone the start of the clinical study temporarily instead of abandoning the addition of efficacy. 3) We will try to persuade FDA by stating that monitoring results of pathological changes in bladder in long-term administration clinical studies are weak as supporting data. However, we will assume that we will eventually accept it and make preparations. 4) At worst, if FDA orders us to revise the label, we will insist on a class-labeling of PPAR agonists on the ground that FDA's PPAR hypothesis has no scientific basis, so that it will not lead to a differentiation from Avandia. 3. Response to regulatory authorities in Japan and Europe (1) Response to the Japanese government We will proceed as follows while consulting with the Pharmaceutical Sales HQ if necessary. 1 FDA may take some action in the future, but at this time FDA has not indicated any specific action. Therefore, we will not report to the Japanese authorities immediately. 2 However, if we don't report to the Japanese authorities until after FDA decides on its action, we are afraid that it may invite an overreaction from the authorities. In our judgment it is preferable to provide information in advance to avoid it. Therefore, after submitting the responses to FDA (August 26), TPNA will, in short order (on August 27 or 28), summarize FDA's requests and TPNA's responses into a memorandum and provide the information to officers in charge of the authorities (the Safety Division and the Center for Product Evaluation). 3 Subsequently, through TPNA, we will watch FDA's reactions, etc., and provide additional information to the authorities and maintain contact. Confidential - Subject to Protective Order TAK-SATOKE-00091273 TAK-SATOKE-00091272P-0002 Source: Comprehensive Product Strategy Meeting Material Field I: Diabetic Medicine Field Prepared on: 8/5/2002 Proposing Dept.: Pharmaceutical Research Div. HQ Name of issue: Actos Purpose of Submission Date Submission Date Submission date Priority (Fastest Top priority . Priority submission: ( transition) ( transition) 8/6/2002 General) Course of action in U.S. 4 If label indication is likely to be revised based on the discussion between FDA and TPNA, we will discuss internally the revision of the domestic label and determine our course of action. (2) Responding to the European authorities Currently, we don't have any legal obligation to officially report to EMEA regarding FDA's action. However, as in Japan, TPNA will, after submitting the responses to FDA, unofficially communicate to EMEA (rapporteur) FDA's requests and the summary of TPNA's responses. Incidentally, EMEA (rapporteur) and EuR&D are planning to meet on August 21, 2002 to discuss the application of an addition of efficacy planned for the second quarter of next year, and we assume that the issue of NN622 will come up at the meeting. At the meeting, we won't explain FDA's requests specifically, but we believe we have no choice but to say, "It seems that FDA contacted TPNA in the U.S. We will let you know about the details later." 4. Responding organizations for this matter Basically, we will utilize the organization of the current Actos Safety Measures Study Committee. However, with regard to this matter, we will limit the participants, and the secretariat will be in the Strategic Development Department (previously it was in the Pharmaceutical Information Department) to strengthen the communication with TPNA and EuR&D. Also, we will coordinate with the Corporate Strategy Division and the Strategic Development Department to unify the intentions among the relevant departments in the company. (The chart of responding organizations will be distributed separately.) 5. Communication to distributors (1) We have already notified Lilly HQ of the facts of this matter, and obtained their consent not to disclose information to Lilly distributors until they receive Takeda's instruction. (2) If FDA notifies us of specific actions, we will discuss with the Pharmaceutical International Division, Pharmaceutical Sales HQ, and Corporate Communication Department and decide how to notify overseas distributors and domestic sales offices. 6. Impact on post-Actos TAK-559 (PPAR dual agonist) (1) The post-Actos TAK-559 is categorized as a PPAR dual agonist as is the NN622, and currently, Phase II is being conducted in Europe under IND of FDA. (2) In the results of long-term toxicity tests obtained so far, there is no finding of toxicity that is indicative of bladder tumor, and at this time, there is no problem in the implementation of Phase II. (3) However, since FDA sees bladder tumor as a class effect of the PPAR dual agonist, we cannot deny the possibility that it will affect TAK-559 as well. (4) The TAK-559's carcinogenicity study is currently being conducted, and a preliminary report of histopathological tests will be obtained in October 2003 which will allow us to determine the presence or absence of bladder tumor. END Confidential - Subject to Protective Order TAK-SATOKE-00091274 TAK-SATOKE-00091272P-0003 Source: is INTERNATIONAL LITIGATION SERVICES CERTIFICATION OF TRANSLATION International Litigation Services, a company specializing in international cases and foreign language document processing, certifies the following: International Litigation Services has retained a professional translator for the attached Japanese into English document. The document is referred to as: "TAK-SATOKE-00091272P-0001 I affirm that such translation has been prepared by a duly qualified translator, who has confirmed that such translation is, to the best of his/her knowledge and belief, a true and accurate translation in English of the corresponding Japanese document. I declare under the penalty of perjury that the forgoing is true and correct. Notwithstanding the foregoing affirmations, no liability is assumed for errors and omissions in the translation of the attached document. Executed on this 27th day of August 2013, in Aliso Viejo, California. Joseph Hope Joseph Thorpe Managing Director International Litigation Services, Inc. International Litigation Services, Inc. - 65 Enterprise * Aliso Viejo, California 92686 Phone: 888.313.4457 Fax: 213.674.4191 * NEW YORK Los ANGELES LAS VEGAS ORANGE COUNTY Source:

when is this executed on

qpjf0226

qpjf0226_p0, qpjf0226_p1, qpjf0226_p2, qpjf0226_p3

27th day of August 2013

Comprehensive Product Strategy Meeting Material Field I: Diabetic Medicine Field Prepared on: 8/5/2002 Proposing Dept.: Pharmaceutical Research Div. HQ Name of issue: Actos Purpose of Submission Date Submission Date Submission date Priority (Fastest Top priority . Priority submission: ( transition) ( transition) 8/6/2002 General) Course of action in U.S. 1. Summary of the Proposal On July 22, 2002, Novo Nordisk announced that "with regard to the insulin sensitizer NN622 (Ragaglitazar) which is a PPAR dual agonist" being development by the company, it will stop the clinical study and postpone all planned clinical studies in response to the results of the carcinogenicity study in which bladder tumor was observed in multiple rats as well as one mouse. Following the announcement, FDA requested TPNA for a conference call, and a conference call between FDA and TPNA took place on July 31 (U.S. time). The contents of the conference are summarized below. We propose the following measures with regard to this matter for your review and approval. [Summary of the Conference Call] FDA indicated its opinion that bladder tumor is a class effect of the PPAR dual agonist (the PPAR hypothesis) and that bladder tumor in Actos rats is not caused by Takeda's hypothesis (Dr. Cohen's hypothesis, see Exhibit 1) but the PPAR hypothesis. Also, we received the following three requests and were instructed to submit to FDA our responses in writing within three to four weeks. 1. Monitor pathological changes in bladder: Submit a method for monitoring pathological changes in bladder in the phase IV long- term administration clinical study with a dosing period of one year or longer currently being conducted in the U.S. 2. Adding efficacy in children: Due to the concern for bladder tumor, abandon adding efficacy in children for which a clinical study is being prepared (the purpose is to prolong the exclusive marketing rights for six months). 3. Revising the label: Consider changing a part of the wording in the carcinogenicity study item in the label as follows: Current wording: "Relevance of findings of bladder tumor in male rats to humans is unclear" FDA's proposal: "The mechanism of the PPAR dual agonist (Note 1) may be related to the incidence of bladder tumor" Note 1: PPAR has known sub-types of a, y, and 8, and Actos is a y agonist and a weak a agonist. On the other hand, Avandia is a V agonist only. A compound that is both a and y agonist is known as a "PPAR dual agonist," and the TAK-559 and most of insulin sensitizers currently being developed (NN622, Merk, AstraZeneca, BMS, Mitsubishi Pharma and others) belong to this category. [Other items discussed with FDA] 1. With regard to Avandia, FDA said what is at issue is one product on the market, and clearly stated that it is a class effect of the PPAR dual agonist. However, at this stage it is unclear whether Avandia is receiving the same response from FDA as Actos. 2. Bladder tumor in the carcinogenicity study of the NN622, which is a PPAR dual agonist, was not specific to male rats and it was not accompanied by bladder stones. 3. FDA has obtained information that, in a bladder tumor manifestation promotion study conducted separately by a different company (Note 2), Actos, which was used as a control drug, increased bladder tumor. Note 2: Details of this study is unclear as FDA did not disclose any more information. However, it may be a study conducted by Novo Nordisk. 2. Responses to FDA (1) Response schedule: 1 On August 6, we will hold a four-way conference call with TPNA, EuR&D, TCI and Lilly HQ to stress the importance of managing information regarding this matter and confirm the future communication routes. 2 On August 12 and 13, we will hold a face-to-face, three-way meeting with TPNA, EuR&D and TCI to discuss our responses to the three requests from FDA described above, as well as how the work will be divided. From TCI, researchers in charge of toxicity and pharmacology will attend, with cooperation from the Strategic Development Department and the Research Division HQ. 3 We will actively seek cooperation from outside experts in toxicity, pharmacology and epidemiology. We've already begun to contact Dr. Cohen. 4 We will prepare (draft) responses to FDA by August 20 and obtain consent from relevant departments and CEO. 5 We plan to submit our responses to FDA on August 26. Confidential - Subject to Protective Order TAK-SATOKE-00091272 TAK-SATOKE-00091272P-0001 Source: Comprehensive Product Strategy Meeting Material Field I: Diabetic Medicine Field Prepared on: 8/5/2002 Proposing Dept.: Pharmaceutical Research Div. HQ Name of issue: Actos Purpose of Submission Date Submission Date Submission date Priority (Fastest Top priority . Priority submission: ( transition) ( transition) 8/6/2002 General) Course of action in U.S. (2) Current plan for responding to FDA's requests 1) Monitor pathological changes in bladder: 1 We will urgently consider a method for monitoring pathological changes in bladder in clinical studies (Note 3), and consider implementing the monitoring of pathological changes in bladder in long-term administration clinical studies being conducted not only in the U.S. but also in Europe and Japan. Note 3: As a general monitoring method, we will conduct a urinalysis, and if the urine occult blood reaction is positive, we will conduct a urine cytology and an ultrasound tomography test. Further, if there is a suspicious finding, we will conduct a cystoscopy. We will seek experts' opinions to see if there are appropriate monitoring methods other than this. 2 Already in Japan, 1,180 cases after the clinical trial (administration period: two months to one year) were followed up for two to three years (without administering Actos), and we obtained the result in which no bladder tumor with suspected association with the drug was reported. Therefore, we will evaluate this result and, if it is useful, we will use it in our response. 2) Adding efficacy in children: We will argue that the class effect of the PPAR dual agonist suggested by FDA lacks scientific basis, mainly based on the supporting data from nonclinical studies (see Exhibit 2 for details), and negotiate so that we can proceed to conduct the clinical study on children as initially planned. 3) Revising the label: With regard to the revision of the label, we will argue against the PPAR hypothesis FDA is asserting by reinforcing the Cohen hypothesis and constructing a theory from the perspectives of toxicity and pharmacology, and we will respond so as not to accept the revision of the label. (Exhibit 2) (3) Contingency plan With regard to the three requests from FDA, we will consider their impact on the market and other factors and rank their impact as shown below, clarify which request is acceptable and which is not, and consider our response. [Magnitude of impact] Revise label >> Abandon adding efficacy in children > Monitor pathological changes in bladder in clinical studies 1) It would be best if we can persuade FDA and we won't have to accept any of the three requests, but realistically we believe that is difficult. We will pursue a direction in which we will firmly refuse to accept the revision of the label which will have the most serious impact on the market. 2) With regard to the clinical study on children, if the situation forces us to accept it in order to avoid the label revision, we will cautiously proceed to discuss with FDA and look for a compromise. If possible, we will offer to postpone the start of the clinical study temporarily instead of abandoning the addition of efficacy. 3) We will try to persuade FDA by stating that monitoring results of pathological changes in bladder in long-term administration clinical studies are weak as supporting data. However, we will assume that we will eventually accept it and make preparations. 4) At worst, if FDA orders us to revise the label, we will insist on a class-labeling of PPAR agonists on the ground that FDA's PPAR hypothesis has no scientific basis, so that it will not lead to a differentiation from Avandia. 3. Response to regulatory authorities in Japan and Europe (1) Response to the Japanese government We will proceed as follows while consulting with the Pharmaceutical Sales HQ if necessary. 1 FDA may take some action in the future, but at this time FDA has not indicated any specific action. Therefore, we will not report to the Japanese authorities immediately. 2 However, if we don't report to the Japanese authorities until after FDA decides on its action, we are afraid that it may invite an overreaction from the authorities. In our judgment it is preferable to provide information in advance to avoid it. Therefore, after submitting the responses to FDA (August 26), TPNA will, in short order (on August 27 or 28), summarize FDA's requests and TPNA's responses into a memorandum and provide the information to officers in charge of the authorities (the Safety Division and the Center for Product Evaluation). 3 Subsequently, through TPNA, we will watch FDA's reactions, etc., and provide additional information to the authorities and maintain contact. Confidential - Subject to Protective Order TAK-SATOKE-00091273 TAK-SATOKE-00091272P-0002 Source: Comprehensive Product Strategy Meeting Material Field I: Diabetic Medicine Field Prepared on: 8/5/2002 Proposing Dept.: Pharmaceutical Research Div. HQ Name of issue: Actos Purpose of Submission Date Submission Date Submission date Priority (Fastest Top priority . Priority submission: ( transition) ( transition) 8/6/2002 General) Course of action in U.S. 4 If label indication is likely to be revised based on the discussion between FDA and TPNA, we will discuss internally the revision of the domestic label and determine our course of action. (2) Responding to the European authorities Currently, we don't have any legal obligation to officially report to EMEA regarding FDA's action. However, as in Japan, TPNA will, after submitting the responses to FDA, unofficially communicate to EMEA (rapporteur) FDA's requests and the summary of TPNA's responses. Incidentally, EMEA (rapporteur) and EuR&D are planning to meet on August 21, 2002 to discuss the application of an addition of efficacy planned for the second quarter of next year, and we assume that the issue of NN622 will come up at the meeting. At the meeting, we won't explain FDA's requests specifically, but we believe we have no choice but to say, "It seems that FDA contacted TPNA in the U.S. We will let you know about the details later." 4. Responding organizations for this matter Basically, we will utilize the organization of the current Actos Safety Measures Study Committee. However, with regard to this matter, we will limit the participants, and the secretariat will be in the Strategic Development Department (previously it was in the Pharmaceutical Information Department) to strengthen the communication with TPNA and EuR&D. Also, we will coordinate with the Corporate Strategy Division and the Strategic Development Department to unify the intentions among the relevant departments in the company. (The chart of responding organizations will be distributed separately.) 5. Communication to distributors (1) We have already notified Lilly HQ of the facts of this matter, and obtained their consent not to disclose information to Lilly distributors until they receive Takeda's instruction. (2) If FDA notifies us of specific actions, we will discuss with the Pharmaceutical International Division, Pharmaceutical Sales HQ, and Corporate Communication Department and decide how to notify overseas distributors and domestic sales offices. 6. Impact on post-Actos TAK-559 (PPAR dual agonist) (1) The post-Actos TAK-559 is categorized as a PPAR dual agonist as is the NN622, and currently, Phase II is being conducted in Europe under IND of FDA. (2) In the results of long-term toxicity tests obtained so far, there is no finding of toxicity that is indicative of bladder tumor, and at this time, there is no problem in the implementation of Phase II. (3) However, since FDA sees bladder tumor as a class effect of the PPAR dual agonist, we cannot deny the possibility that it will affect TAK-559 as well. (4) The TAK-559's carcinogenicity study is currently being conducted, and a preliminary report of histopathological tests will be obtained in October 2003 which will allow us to determine the presence or absence of bladder tumor. END Confidential - Subject to Protective Order TAK-SATOKE-00091274 TAK-SATOKE-00091272P-0003 Source: is INTERNATIONAL LITIGATION SERVICES CERTIFICATION OF TRANSLATION International Litigation Services, a company specializing in international cases and foreign language document processing, certifies the following: International Litigation Services has retained a professional translator for the attached Japanese into English document. The document is referred to as: "TAK-SATOKE-00091272P-0001 I affirm that such translation has been prepared by a duly qualified translator, who has confirmed that such translation is, to the best of his/her knowledge and belief, a true and accurate translation in English of the corresponding Japanese document. I declare under the penalty of perjury that the forgoing is true and correct. Notwithstanding the foregoing affirmations, no liability is assumed for errors and omissions in the translation of the attached document. Executed on this 27th day of August 2013, in Aliso Viejo, California. Joseph Hope Joseph Thorpe Managing Director International Litigation Services, Inc. International Litigation Services, Inc. - 65 Enterprise * Aliso Viejo, California 92686 Phone: 888.313.4457 Fax: 213.674.4191 * NEW YORK Los ANGELES LAS VEGAS ORANGE COUNTY Source: