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Organika.ai 2

en9fe4

t5_2umfr

psychocookie81

fdxa6v2

[{"role": "system", "content": "The Tri-State Crematory scandal was a scandal at a crematorium in the Noble community in northwest Georgia that came to national attention in 2002. Nearly three hundred and forty bodies that had been consigned to the crematory for proper disposition were discovered to have never been cremated, but instead dumped at several locations in and around the crematorium's site. This led to civil litigation and criminal prosecutions."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# The Tri-state Crematory was at the center of a huge scandal in 2002 when it was discovered the bodies sent there weren t being cremated, instead nearly 350 were decomposing in sheds, in vaults, in piles, scattered around the property.\n\n[Tri-State Crematory scandal - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tri-State_Crematory)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "For those interested, Ask A Mortician on YouTube has a very good video on this incident.", "name": "Manuel"}, {"role": "user", "content": "[Link for those interested!](https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=AtVddx8x_PE)", "name": "Madelyn"}]

ep1n55

t5_2qh3b

mark30322

fehcljn

[{"role": "assistant", "content": "# On this day, 19 years ago, 15th January 2001. The very first edit was made to Wikipedia\n\n"}, {"role": "user", "content": "What was the first edit? It's complicated:\n\n[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia%27s\\_oldest\\_articles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia%27s_oldest_articles)", "name": "Dylan"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Fun fact: the oldest known edits were done by Bomis.com, the porn website that Jimmy Wales ran before he started Wikipedia. That's right, Wikipedia was founded on porn money. It was even a subsidiary of Bomis for the first 3 years, up until the press noticed where the funding was coming from and it split off as a non-profit.", "name": "Antonio"}]

v1rfxt

t5_2qh3b

First_Level_Ranger

iaoazcl

[{"role": "system", "content": "A bread clip is a device used to hold plastic bags closed, such as those in which sliced bread is commonly packaged. They are also commonly called bread tags, bread tabs, bread ties, bread buckles, or bread-bag clips. By sealing a bag more securely than tying or folding over its open end, and thus providing a nearly hermetic seal, the contents are preserved longer. In some cases, the color of the tag indicates the day on which it was baked, although there is no universal standard for the color code."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# A bread clip is a device used to hold plastic bags closed, such as those in which sliced bread is packaged. It was invented in 1952 by Floyd G. Paxton, who, needing to close his bag of peanuts while on an airplane, hand-carved the first bag clip from an expired credit card with a small pen knife.\n\n[Bread clip - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bread_clip)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Back when you could carry a pen knife on an airplane", "name": "Madelyn"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I can only wonder how much innovation has been stifled by lack of tools on airplanes. I can also only wonder how much innovation was borne of lack of tools on airplanes.", "name": "Peter"}]

lcmjz3

t5_2umfr

JudyWilde143

gm20qb3

[{"role": "system", "content": "Aundria Michelle Bowman (born Alexis Miranda Badger; June 23, 1974 – disappeared March 11, 1989) was an American teenager who vanished under mysterious circumstances from her family's property in Hamilton, Michigan. Adopted as an infant, Aundria Bowman was raised by her adoptive father, Dennis Bowman. At age 14, she accused him of molesting her. A short time after this incident, she vanished from her family's rural property. Dennis Bowman claimed that she had stolen money from her adopters before running away. \nShe remained a missing person for more than 30 years, and her case was classified as a runaway. In November 2019, Dennis Bowman was arrested for the September 1980 murder of Kathleen Doyle in Norfolk, Virginia. Dennis Bowman was extradited to Virginia in February 2020 to face charges in Doyle's murder, and in May 2020, was charged with Aundria Bowman's murder.\nAundria Bowman's case has received national media attention, including coverage by Inside Edition and Oxygen."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Aundria Bowman disappeared at 14 after accusing her adoptive father, Dennis, of molesting her. After being arrested for the murder of Katherine Doyle, Denbis confessed killing Aundria.\n\n[Murder of Aundria Bowman - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Aundria_Bowman)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "It's funny (in a sad way) how often social workers are the cause of child death or grave injury. \"The parent's said the kid is lying. Good enough for me.\"\n\nHowever, my wife's friend was accused of molesting his step-daughter, because he took away her phone or some BS thing like that. He had to leave home for a few months while they investigated.\n\nShe later admitted that the whole thing was a lie, but it was devastating to the family; he was almost put on the sexual offenders list. However, they \"worked things out\" and nothing happened to her, that I know of.", "name": "Caleb"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Its just such a complicated subject. There are cases that prove the opposite too. It just needs to be judged on a case by case basis. There is no one-size-fits-all.", "name": "Caden"}]

m1zkzp

t5_2umfr

JudyWilde143

gqhxs5r

[{"role": "system", "content": "Nekromantik (stylized as NEKRomantik) is a 1987 West German horror exploitation film co-written and directed by Jörg Buttgereit. It is known to be frequently controversial, banned in a number of countries, and has become a cult film over the years due to its transgressive subject matter (including necrophilia) and audacious imagery."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Nekromantik is a German movie about a Necrophiliac couple and the woman's relationship with a corpse.\n\n[Nekromantik - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nekromantik)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "The last movie I watched with my ex, we broke up about a week later.", "name": "Aaliyah"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Omg same", "name": "Christina"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Maybe you two are meant for each other?", "name": "Chloe"}]

123qdav

t5_2qh3b

First_Level_Ranger

jdx118v

[{"role": "assistant", "content": "# In 1980, Ronald Reagan appeared in Neshoba, Mississippi to give a speech on states' rights, near the site of the 1964 Mississippi Burning murders. The location was, according to critics, evidence of racial bias. The \"states' rights\" focus was seen as a tacit appeal to Southern white voters.\n\n[States' rights speech - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States%27_rights_speech)"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "The whole article is eye-opening, but this part in particular helps with the context that people in 1980 would have been familiar with:\n\n>\nStates' rights had for decades been a rallying slogan for racial segregationists, including Strom Thurmond in the 1948 presidential election and George Wallace in the 1968 presidential election, and several press writers interpreted Reagan's use of the phrase according to that tradition. Columnist Bob Herbert of the Times wrote, \"Everybody watching the 1980 campaign knew what Reagan was signaling at the fair,\" and that it \"was understood that when politicians started chirping about 'states' rights' to white people in places like Neshoba County they were saying that when it comes down to you and the blacks, we're with you\". Paul Krugman, also of the Times, noted that a Republican national committee member from Mississippi had urged Reagan to speak at the county fair, as it would help win over \"George Wallace-inclined voters\", and wrote that this was just one of many examples of \"Reagan's tacit race-baiting in the historical record.\""}, {"role": "user", "content": "\"States' Rights\" means what it always did: the right to implement bigotry in policy.\n\nEdit: Yikes people love to believe nonsense.", "name": "Ivan"}]

lvbu6y

t5_2umfr

djavolja_rabota

gpe04bt

[{"role": "system", "content": "Sahar Khodayari (Persian: سحر خدایاری [sæhær xodɒjɒriː]; c. 1990 – 9 September 2019), also known as the Blue Girl, was an Iranian woman who self-immolated in Tehran to protest the national laws banning females from attending sports events and entering stadiums since the Islamic Revolution. She was a fan of Esteghlal F.C., and in March 2019, she attempted to gain entry at the male-only Azadi Stadium while disguised as a man to watch a match played by the team. On 2 September 2019, she was told by the Islamic Revolutionary Court that she may face a six-month prison sentence. After leaving court, she committed suicide through self-immolation in front of the building, succumbing to her injuries a week later. Khodayari's politicized suicide has generated much debate in Iran about the government's restrictions on women.FIFA, after Iran was chosen to host select qualifier games for the 2022 FIFA World Cup, stated that the Iranian government must allow women into the stadium to see those international football matches. Iran guaranteed such entry for the first time after 40 years, one month after Sahar's death."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Sahar Khodayari was an Iranian woman known for setting herself on fire in front of the Islamic Revolutionary Court of Tehran on 2 September 2019. She was protesting a possible sentence of six months in prison for having tried to enter a public stadium to watch a football game.\n\n[Death of Sahar Khodayari - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Sahar_Khodayari)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Just unreal. Wanted to watch a damn game....", "name": "Summer"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Ah yes, the misogyny of Islamic countries.", "name": "Audrey"}]

gdllvt

t5_2umfr

Captainirishy

fpi4rpw

[{"role": "system", "content": "One half (pl.: halves) is the irreducible fraction resulting from dividing one (1) by two (2), or the fraction resulting from dividing any number by its double.\nIt often appears in mathematical equations, recipes, measurements, etc.\n\nHemicorporectomy is a radical surgery in which the body below the waist is amputated, transecting the lumbar spine. This removes the legs, the genitalia (internal and external), urinary system, pelvic bones, anus, and rectum. It is a major procedure recommended only as a last resort for people with severe and potentially fatal illnesses such as osteomyelitis, tumors, severe traumas and intractable decubiti in, or around, the pelvis. By 2009, 66 cases had been reported in medical literature."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Surgery that removes half of somebody's body.\n\n[Hemicorporectomy - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemicorporectomy)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "...and this is where creepy wikipedia becomes creepy google image search."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "https://7news.com.au/lifestyle/health-wellbeing/forklift-accident-leaves-young-construction-worker-with-several-amputations-c-619121 a recent news story from Montana about 18 year old construction worker who had the operation"}]

gh1hd3

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envatted_love

fq7wu1h

[{"role": "system", "content": "A natural nuclear fission reactor is a uranium deposit where self-sustaining nuclear chain reactions occur. The conditions under which a natural nuclear reactor could exist were predicted in 1956 by Paul Kuroda. The remnants of an extinct or fossil nuclear fission reactor, where self-sustaining nuclear reactions have occurred in the past, are verified by analysis of isotope ratios of uranium and of the fission products (and the stable daughter nuclides of those fission products). This was first discovered in 1972 in Oklo, Gabon by Francis Perrin under conditions very similar to Kuroda's predictions.\nOklo is the only location where this phenomenon is known to have occurred, and consists of 16 sites with patches of centimeter-sized ore layers. There, self-sustaining nuclear fission reactions are thought to have taken place approximately 1.7 billion years ago, during the Statherian period of the Paleoproterozoic, and continued for a few hundred thousand years, probably averaging less than 100 kW of thermal power during that time."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# 1.7 billion years ago in what is now Gabon, uranium deposits underwent a naturally occurring self-sustaining fission reaction that lasted several hundred thousand years.\n\n[Natural nuclear fission reactor - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_nuclear_fission_reactor)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "First thought: Wow! Nature never ceases to amaze us:\n\nSecond thought: OMG! I hope it doesn't naturally happen again soon!", "name": "Ashton"}, {"role": "user", "content": "It cannot happen. U-235 decays faster than U-238. The % of U-235 was higher back then, so a natural reactor, moderated by water, could still form. At today's content of 0.7% you'd need heavy water as moderator to use natural uranium for a reactor.", "name": "Sofia"}]

f39ju2

t5_2qh3b

Tokyono

fhhnxe7

[{"role": "system", "content": "Queen Anne can refer to:\n\nAnne (6 February 1665 – 1 August 1714) was Queen of Great Britain and Ireland following the ratification of the Acts of Union on 1 May 1707, which merged the kingdoms of Scotland and England. Before this, she was Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 8 March 1702.\nAnne was born during the reign of her uncle King Charles II. Her father was Charles's younger brother and heir presumptive, James, whose suspected Roman Catholicism was unpopular in England. On Charles's instructions, Anne and her elder sister Mary were raised as Anglicans. Mary married their Dutch Protestant cousin, William III of Orange, in 1677, and Anne married the Lutheran Prince George of Denmark in 1683. On Charles's death in 1685, James succeeded to the throne, but just three years later he was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. Mary and William became joint monarchs. Although the sisters had been close, disagreements over Anne's finances, status, and choice of acquaintances arose shortly after Mary's accession and they became estranged. William and Mary had no children. After Mary's death in 1694, William reigned alone until his own death in 1702, when Anne succeeded him.\nDuring her reign, Anne favoured moderate Tory politicians, who were more likely to share her Anglican religious views than their opponents, the Whigs. The Whigs grew more powerful during the course of the War of the Spanish Succession, until 1710 when Anne dismissed many of them from office. Her close friendship with Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough, turned sour as the result of political differences. The Duchess took revenge with an unflattering description of the Queen in her memoirs, which was widely accepted by historians until Anne was reassessed in the late 20th century.\nAnne was plagued by poor health throughout her life, and from her thirties she grew increasingly ill and obese. Despite 17 pregnancies, she died without surviving issue and was the last monarch of the House of Stuart. Under the Act of Settlement 1701, which excluded all Catholics, she was succeeded by her second cousin George I of the House of Hanover."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Queen Anne of England was pregnant 17 times. The first time at the age of eighteen, and the last at the age of thirty-four. She either miscarried or gave birth to stillborn babies. One child died at 11 months, another at a year and a half, and the oldest died at the age of eleven in 1700.\n\n[Anne, Queen of Great Britain - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne,_Queen_of_Great_Britain#Pregnancies)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Unlucky genetics or was she doing something that wouldnt be reccommended for pregnant women today?", "name": "Grace"}, {"role": "user", "content": "[It is widely believed that the reason behind Queen Annes miscarriages and stillborn children is because she suffered from Antiphospholipid Syndrome, an immune disorder that turns the body against itself. It is also widely known that Queen Anne suffered with chronic illnesses, most notably gout, which was even so extreme she had to carried in to her Coronation. It could be argued that this illness, as well as the Monarchs excessive drinking, led to the untimely deaths of her young children.](https://royalcentral.co.uk/features/stories-of-the-stuarts-queen-annes-18-pregnancies-47524/)\n\nThe drinking is sort of mentioned in passing. She clearly wasn't a well woman and had some very destructive habits (drinking to the point of being note-worthy among monarchs is probably *heavy*). The extent to which she had shit luck illness-wise and shit behavior drinking-wise is likely unknowable.\n\nHaving said that, many of the children that were born alive died of common-for-the-times bad luck. Smallpox got a few of them.", "name": "Dakota"}]

or4g8m

t5_2umfr

kansashotwings

h6hghgc

[{"role": "system", "content": "Brian Clark (born July 4, 1947) is a Canadian businessman and survivor of the attacks on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001. Clark worked for the American international brokerage firm Euro Brokers Inc. (later merged into BGC Partners), which lost 61 employees that day, nearly one-fifth of its New York branch.Clark was one of only 18 people in the South Tower to escape from within or above the impact zone where the plane struck, escaping from his office on floor 84. Clark's testimony before the 9/11 Commission, where he detailed problems with the 911 emergency call system, has been widely quoted."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# ...a faint scream for help coming from inside the 81st floor caught Clark's attention. While his group continued to debate what to do, Clark grabbed coworker Ron DiFrancesco and entered the 81st floor to look for the person screaming for help.\n\n[Brian Clark (September 11 survivor) - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Clark_(September_11_attacks))"}, {"role": "user", "content": ">Praimnath had initially evacuated the building after the first plane had hit the North Tower but was told to go back inside.\n\nExtremely nope. Catch me walking away from the flaming plane crash.", "name": "Erick"}, {"role": "user", "content": "If a plane hit a building anywhere in my city's downtown area, no power on Earth could convince me to go back to work.", "name": "Carter"}]

u0matt

t5_2qh3b

commander_nice

i47dn80

[{"role": "system", "content": "Tanis (Ancient Greek: Τάνις or Τανέως TAY-niss) or San al-Hagar (Arabic: صان الحجر, romanized: Ṣān al-Ḥaǧar; Ancient Egyptian: ḏꜥn.t [ˈcʼuʕnat]; Akkadian: URUṣa-aʾ-nu; Coptic: ϫⲁⲛⲓ or ϫⲁⲁⲛⲉ or ϫⲁⲛⲏ; Hebrew: צֹועַן‎ Ṣōꜥan, Zoan) is the Greek name for ancient Egyptian ḏꜥn.t, an important archaeological site in the northeastern Nile Delta of Egypt, and the location of a city of the same name. It is located on the Tanitic branch of the Nile, which has long since silted up. \nThe first study of Tanis dates to 1798 during Napoléon Bonaparte's expedition to Egypt. Engineer Pierre Jacotin drew up a map of the site in the Description de l'Égypte. It was first excavated in 1825 by Jean-Jacques Rifaud, who discovered the two pink granite sphinxes now in the Musée du Louvre, and then by François Auguste Ferdinand Mariette between 1860 and 1864, and subsequently by William Matthew Flinders Petrie from 1883 to 1886. The work was taken over by Pierre Montet from 1929 to 1956, who discovered the royal necropolis dating to the Third Intermediate Period in 1939. The Mission française des fouilles de Tanis (MFFT) has been studying the site since 1965 under the direction of Jean Yoyotte and Philippe Brissaud, and François Leclère since 2013.\nToday, the main parts of the temple dedicated to Amun-Ra can still be distinguished by the presence of large obelisks that marked the various pylons as in other Egyptian temples. Now fallen to the ground and lying in a single direction, they may have been knocked down by a violent earthquake during the Byzantine era. They form one of the most notable aspects of the Tanis site. Archaeologists have counted more than twenty. This accumulation of remnants from different epochs contributed to the confusion of the first archaeologists who saw in Tanis the biblical city of Zoan in which the Hebrews would have suffered pharaonic slavery. Pierre Montet, in inaugurating his great excavation campaigns in the 1930s, began from the same premise. He was hoping to discover traces that would confirm the accounts of the Old Testament. His own excavations gradually overturned this hypothesis, even if he was defending this biblical connection until the end of his life. It was not until the discovery of Qantir/Pi-Ramesses and the resumption of excavations under Jean Yoyotte that the place of Tanis was finally restored in the long chronology of the sites of the delta.\n\nTanis is a paleontological site in southwestern North Dakota, United States. It is part of the heavily studied Hell Creek Formation, a geological region renowned for many significant fossil discoveries from the Upper Cretaceous and lower Paleocene. Uniquely, Tanis appears to record in detail, extensive evidence of the direct effects of the giant Chicxulub asteroid impact which struck the Gulf of Mexico 66.043 million years ago, and wiped out all non-avian dinosaurs and many other species (the so-called \"K-Pg\" or \"K-T\" extinction). The extinction event caused by this impact began the Cenozoic, in which mammals - including humans - would eventually come to dominate life on Earth."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Tanis is a fossil site in North Dakota that appears to record the events of the first minutes until a few hours after the impact event that wiped out all non-avian dinosaurs\n\n[Tanis (fossil site) - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanis_(fossil_site))"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Holy shit that is cool! How was this not bigger news?", "name": "Colby"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I asked myself the same thing when I read the article a few days ago on the BBC. It was like 6 or 7 headlines down, and the stuff above it was of little or no consequence, but an editor had obviously prioritised that order for the readers. This is a fascinating and monumental discovery, and its sad that no-one seems to care about it", "name": "Gabrielle"}]

pyrvsz

t5_2umfr

cogollento

hezblp6

[{"role": "system", "content": "Execution by elephant was a method of capital punishment in South and Southeast Asia, particularly in India, where Asian elephants were used to crush, dismember, or torture captives during public executions. The animals were trained to kill victims immediately or to torture them slowly over a prolonged period. Most commonly employed by royalty, the elephants were used to signify both the ruler's power of life and death over his subjects and his ability to control wild animals.The sight of elephants executing captives was recorded in contemporary journals and accounts of life in Asia by European travellers. The practice was eventually suppressed by the European colonial powers that colonised the region in the 18th and 19th centuries. While primarily confined to Asia, the practice was occasionally used by European and African powers, such as Ancient Rome and Ancient Carthage, particularly to deal with mutinous soldiers."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Execution by elephant. The animals were trained and versatile, able to kill victims immediately or to torture them slowly over a prolonged period. Most commonly employed by royalty, the elephants were used to signify both the ruler's absolute power and his ability to control wild animals.\n\n[Execution by elephant - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Execution_by_elephant)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Elephants have gotten a raw deal from humans.", "name": "Jonah"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Well, look on the bright side, this at least let them work out some of their frustrations", "name": "Gage"}]

cuhzvi

t5_2umfr

egomouse

ey1emy4

[{"role": "system", "content": "The following is an incomplete list of ghost towns, listed by continent, then by country."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# List of ghost towns by country\n\n[List of ghost towns by country - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_by_country)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "You'd have to do me a lot of convincing to get me to live in a place called Island of the Tigers, regardless of where tigers were.", "name": "Diego"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I live with a backpack sized tiger. Lmao", "name": "Alan"}, {"role": "user", "content": "that backpack is going to eat you and the tiger.", "name": "Crystal"}]

1b9c2oh

t5_2qh3b

delaware

ktvy4y4

[{"role": "assistant", "content": "# Andrs Toma was a Hungarian soldier taken prisoner by the Red Army in 1944, then discovered living in a Russian psychiatric hospital in 2000. He was probably the last prisoner of war from the Second World War to be repatriated.\n\n[András Toma - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A1s_Toma)"}, {"role": "user", "content": ">Since he was never discharged, Toma was promoted to sergeant major by the Minister of Defense, and since his military service had been continuous, his decades of accumulated unpaid salary were paid in full.\n\nDamn, how much is 50 years of salary?", "name": "Thomas"}, {"role": "user", "content": "In Hungary? Probably under 100k.", "name": "Brandon"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Was around 150k if I am not mistaken. He was promoted to master sergeant and paid accordingly for all years he spent in captivity.\n\nThe more remarkable thing is, he still spoke fluent Hungarian with a characteristic eastern accent the day he was repatriated.", "name": "Cole"}]

16z649t

t5_2qh3b

decapitatebts

k3ctyc7

[{"role": "system", "content": "In ancient Greek religion and mythology, Pan (; Ancient Greek: Πάν, romanized: Pán) is the god of the wild, shepherds and flocks, rustic music and impromptus, and companion of the nymphs. He has the hindquarters, legs, and horns of a goat, in the same manner as a faun or satyr. With his homeland in rustic Arcadia, he is also recognized as the god of fields, groves, wooded glens, and often affiliated with sex; because of this, Pan is connected to fertility and the season of spring.In Roman religion and myth, Pan's counterpart was Faunus, a nature god who was the father of Bona Dea, sometimes identified as Fauna; he was also closely associated with Sylvanus, due to their similar relationships with woodlands. In the 18th and 19th centuries, Pan became a significant figure in the Romantic movement of western Europe and also in the 20th-century Neopagan movement."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# \"The great god Pan is dead\" refers to an incident during the reign of Tiberius (AD 1437) when a Greek sailor, bound for the island of Paxi, heard a disembodied voice at sea proclaim the news. Pan is the only Greek god whose death is accounted for in the historical record.\n\n[Pan (god) - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan_(god)#The_great_god_Pan_is_dead)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "So to be accounted for in the historic record some guy just has to say a voice at sea told him it happened? Seems like a low bar.", "name": "Evelyn"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Some individuals in history just had great charisma scores. This guy, Mary convincing everyone that god got her pregnant, etc...", "name": "Nicolas"}]

okwsey

t5_2qh3b

ringopendragon

h5asiup

[{"role": "system", "content": "Kompromat is damaging information about a politician, a businessperson, or other public figure, which may be used to create negative publicity, as well as for blackmail, often to exert influence rather than monetary gain, and extortion. Kompromat may be acquired from various security services, or outright forged, and then publicized by use of a public relations official.The word kompromat comes from Russian (Russian: компромат, short for компрометирующий материал \"compromising material\"). Widespread use of kompromat has been one of the characteristic features of the politics of Russia, as well as of other post-Soviet states."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# In Russian culture, kompromat, short for \"compromising material\" is damaging information about a politician, a businessperson, or other public figure, which may be used to create negative publicity, as well as for blackmail, often to exert influence.\n\n[Kompromat - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompromat)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Something something Donald Trump", "name": "Julia"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "did a lot of good things\nGoogle it."}, {"role": "user", "content": "The best things. Probably of all time. And you know who didnt? CHI-NAH!", "name": "Madison"}]

j9u5lm

t5_2umfr

-kelsie

g8m9132

[{"role": "system", "content": "Frank Lloyd Wright Sr. (June 8, 1867 – April 9, 1959) was an American architect, designer, writer, and educator. He designed more than 1,000 structures over a creative period of 70 years. Wright played a key role in the architectural movements of the twentieth century, influencing architects worldwide through his works and hundreds of apprentices in his Taliesin Fellowship. Wright believed in designing in harmony with humanity and the environment, a philosophy he called organic architecture. This philosophy was exemplified in Fallingwater (1935), which has been called \"the best all-time work of American architecture\".Wright was a pioneer of what came to be called the Prairie School movement of architecture and also developed the concept of the Usonian home in Broadacre City, his vision for urban planning in the United States. He also designed original and innovative offices, churches, schools, skyscrapers, hotels, museums, and other commercial projects. Wright-designed interior elements (including leaded glass windows, floors, furniture and even tableware) were integrated into these structures. He wrote several books and numerous articles and was a popular lecturer in the United States and in Europe. Wright was recognized in 1991 by the American Institute of Architects as \"the greatest American architect of all time\". In 2019, a selection of his work became a listed World Heritage Site as The 20th-Century Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright.\nRaised in rural Wisconsin, Wright studied civil engineering at the University of Wisconsin and then apprenticed in Chicago, briefly with Joseph Lyman Silsbee, and then with Louis Sullivan at Adler & Sullivan. Wright opened his own successful Chicago practice in 1893 and established a studio in his Oak Park, Illinois home in 1898. His fame increased and his personal life sometimes made headlines: leaving his first wife Catherine \"Kitty\" Tobin for Mamah Cheney in 1909; the murder of Mamah and her children and others at his Taliesin estate by a staff member in 1914; his tempestuous marriage with second wife Miriam Noel (m. 1923–1927); and his courtship and marriage with Olgivanna Lazović (m. 1928–1959)."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# In 1914, legendary American architect Frank Lloyd Wright's mistress and her two children were slain by a psychotic servant at Frank's Taliesin estate in Spring Green, Wisconsin.\n\n[Frank Lloyd Wright - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Looking into findagrave.com, I see that she is buried in wis and her 2 children who died with her are in illinois, \n\nAnyone know why ?", "name": "Eric"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "The kids dad lived in Illinois"}]

xrfy14

t5_2qh3b

sdkb

iqf69yn

[{"role": "system", "content": "The Wikipedia community, collectively and individually known as Wikipedians, is an online community of volunteers who create and maintain Wikipedia, an online encyclopedia. Since August 2012, the word \"Wikipedian\" has been an Oxford Dictionary entry.Wikipedians may consider themselves part of the Wikimedia movement, a global network of volunteer contributors to Wikipedia and other related projects hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Wikipedians have deemed Fox News a \"marginally reliable\" source for political and scientific information and prohibited using it to support \"exceptional claims\" Slate\n\n[Wikipedia has once again debated whether Fox News is a reliable source.](https://slate.com/technology/2022/09/wikipedia-fox-news-reliability.html)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Generous", "name": "Landon"}, {"role": "user", "content": "A little too generous", "name": "Seth"}, {"role": "user", "content": "We have an epistemic duty to seek the truth. In the contexts where Fox News is reliable, it ought to be treated as reliable. If we don't uphold that standard, we're not seeking truth, we're just applying a political litmus test.\n\nYeah, it's probably too generous; Fox News is at heart one of the largest and loudest mouthpieces of a cult driven by hate and greed. On the other hand, what choice do we have without violating our own principles?", "name": "Mark"}]

ky838p

t5_2qh3b

slinkslowdown

gjf042i

[{"role": "system", "content": "The candy bar protest, also known as the 5 cent chocolate war, the 5 cent war and the chocolate candy bar strike, was a short-lived 1947 protest by Canadian children over the increase in price of chocolate bars from five to eight cents. The strike began in Ladysmith, British Columbia, and spread across the country to include protests in Calgary, Edmonton, Winnipeg, Montreal, Quebec City, Ottawa, Toronto and the Maritimes. The strike ended when the Toronto Evening Telegram published an editorial suggesting that one of the organizations allied with the children, the National Federation of Labour Youth, was backed by communists."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# The Candy bar protest, also known as the 5 cent chocolate war, the 5 cent war and the chocolate candy bar strike, was a short-lived 1947 protest by Canadian children over the increase in price of chocolate bars from five to eight cents.\n\n[Chocolate bar strike - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candy_bar_protest)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I mean, that almost doubled the price ... I would also riot"}, {"role": "user", "content": "We say as we now pay 1.50 for a chocolate bar", "name": "Chase"}]

n8587j

t5_2umfr

Assitchfindergeneral

gxgtabi

[{"role": "system", "content": "\"Benjaman Kyle\" was the alias chosen by an American man who had severe amnesia. On August 31, 2004, he was found naked and injured, without any possessions or identification, next to a dumpster behind a Burger King restaurant in Richmond Hill, Georgia. Between 2004 and 2015, neither he nor the authorities determined his identity or background, despite searches that had included television publicity and various other methods.\nIn late 2015, genetic detective work, which had gone on for years, led to the discovery of his identity as William Burgess Powell (born August 29, 1948). With the rediscovery of his Social Security number, he again became eligible for employment and has received public assistance."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Benjaman Kyle. Found severely injured, naked and without any possessions next to a Burger King dumpster. The incident left him with no memory of who he was. August 31, 2004.\n\n[Benjaman Kyle - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjaman_Kyle)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Any theories on this? This is..bizarre", "name": "Molly"}, {"role": "user", "content": "What theory? He has been identified. My theory is that his name is william burgess powell", "name": "Jessica"}, {"role": "user", "content": "....the theory of what happened to him, who beat him and left him for dead and why 20 years of his life is missing?", "name": "Victor"}]

mb1dvj

t5_2qh3b

slinkslowdown

grvuau0

[{"role": "assistant", "content": "# Graphical representation of various mood disorders.\n\n"}, {"role": "user", "content": "[deleted]"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I think this is meant more as a learning tool than a data tool, I don't see an issue with the scale not being perfect", "name": "Ellie"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Yeah but the scale isnt even close to being right.", "name": "Wyatt"}]

1av7w45

t5_2umfr

lightiggy

kr9eesc

[{"role": "system", "content": "Joseph Robert Kerrey (born August 27, 1943) is an American politician who served as the 35th governor of Nebraska from 1983 to 1987 and as a United States Senator from Nebraska from 1989 to 2001. Before entering politics, he served in the Vietnam War, as a United States Navy SEAL officer and was awarded the Medal of Honor for heroism in combat. During the action for which he was awarded the Medal of Honor, he was severely wounded, precluding further naval service.\nKerrey was a candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1992. He retired from the Senate in 2000 and was replaced by former governor and fellow Democrat Ben Nelson. From 2001 to 2010, he served as president of The New School, a university in New York City. In May 2010, he was selected to become the head of the Motion Picture Association of America. The MPAA, however, could not reach an agreement with him and chose former Connecticut Senator Chris Dodd instead.In 2012, Kerrey sought election to his old Senate seat to succeed his successor, the retiring Democratic incumbent Ben Nelson. He lost to Republican nominee Deb Fischer.\nIn 2013, Kerrey joined the Carmen Group lobbying firm.Kerrey is a co-chair for the advisory board of Issue One, an organization that describes its mission as \"fighting for real solutions to the problem of money in politics\". In 1987, Kerrey was elected to the Common Cause National Governing Board."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# During the Vietnam War, future Nebraska governor Bob Kerrey was complicit in a raid in which troops under his command killed 21 unarmed civilians, mostly children. He then falsely reported them as guerrillas. According to an American and Vietnamese witness, Kerrey had them killed in cold blood.\n\n[Bob Kerrey - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Kerrey)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "This *same exact personality* is found throughout the top levels of power and wealth throughout the world. Like, the .01%, in order to game the system and *eventually be in those positions,* you must *necessarily* be this type of person. \n\n\n*They are all like this. They all see us like this. We are those villagers.*", "name": "Isaac"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "Allegedly, Kerrey's grenade injury in a firefight, for which he later received the Medal of Honor, was not inflicted by the Vietnamese, but fragging. If that's the case, then that person needed to work on his grenade-throwing skills, albeit he nearly succeeded. Kerrey had to get the lower part of his right leg sawn off. His leg injury has resulted in him suffering lifelong pain."}]

bd9nb4

t5_2umfr

1_point_21_gigawatts

ekx27g3

[{"role": "system", "content": "Jean Marie Joseph Capgras (23 August 1873 – 27 January 1950) was a French psychiatrist who is best known for the Capgras delusion, a disorder named after him.\nHe received his medical degree in Toulouse, later working in several mental institutions in France. During the latter part of his career, he was associated with Hôpital Sainte-Anne.With his mentor, Paul Sérieux (1864–1947), he contributed on psychiatric publications such as Les Folies raisonnantes (1909) (\"Reasoning madnesses. Misinterpretative delusional states\") and Les Psychoses à base d'interprétations délirantes. With Sérieux, he described a type of non-schizophrenic, paranoid psychosis referred to as Délire d’interprétation de Sérieux et Capgras.\nCapgras delusion was described in 1923 in a study published by Capgras and his intern Jean Reboul-Lachaux, titled L'illusion des \"sosies\" (the illusion of doubles) dans un délire systématisé chronique. This disorder is defined as a delusion that a close relative or friend has been replaced by an impostor.\n\nCapgras delusion or Capgras syndrome is a psychiatric disorder in which a person holds a delusion that a friend, spouse, parent, another close family member, or pet has been replaced by an identical impostor. It is named after Joseph Capgras (1873–1950), the French psychiatrist who first described the disorder.\nThe Capgras delusion is classified as a delusional misidentification syndrome, a class of delusional beliefs that involves the misidentification of people, places, or objects. It can occur in acute, transient, or chronic forms. Cases in which patients hold the belief that time has been \"warped\" or \"substituted\" have also been reported.The delusion most commonly occurs in individuals diagnosed with a psychotic disorder, usually schizophrenia, but has also been seen in brain injury, dementia with Lewy bodies, and other dementia. It presents often in individuals with a neurodegenerative disease, particularly at an older age. It has also been reported as occurring in association with diabetes, hypothyroidism, and migraine attacks. In one isolated case, the Capgras delusion was temporarily induced in a healthy subject by the drug ketamine. It occurs more frequently in females, with a female to male ratio of approximately 3∶2."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Capgras delusion - a psychiatric disorder in which a person believes that their loved ones or pets have been replaced by identical imposters\n\n[Capgras delusion - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capgras_delusion)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Yeah, this is what makes me absolutely sure that dualism is bullshit. You are your brain. If damage to your brain can cause this, there's nothing else important there.", "name": "Brooke"}, {"role": "user", "content": "V.S. Ramachandran wrote a great book about stuff like that, Phantoms in the Brain. It's about our ability to fool ourselves into notions contradicting objective reality. Really interesting and explaining a lot.", "name": "Sadie"}]

hi55gj

t5_2qh3b

Elementaryfan

fwfq4n3

[{"role": "system", "content": "Paris (French pronunciation: [paʁi] ) is the capital and most populous city of France. With an official estimated population of 2,102,650 residents as of 1 January 2023 in an area of more than 105 km2 (41 sq mi), Paris is the fourth-most populated city in the European Union and the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2022. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of the world's major centres of finance, diplomacy, commerce, culture, fashion, and gastronomy. For its leading role in the arts and sciences, as well as its early and extensive system of street lighting, in the 19th century, it became known as the City of Light.The City of Paris is the centre of the Île-de-France region, or Paris Region, with an official estimated population of 12,271,794 inhabitants on 1 January 2023, or about 19% of the population of France. The Paris Region had a GDP of €765 billion (US$1.064 trillion, PPP) in 2021, the highest in the European Union. According to the Economist Intelligence Unit Worldwide Cost of Living Survey, in 2022, Paris was the city with the ninth-highest cost of living in the world.Paris is a major railway, highway, and air-transport hub served by two international airports: Charles de Gaulle Airport (the third-busiest airport in Europe) and Orly Airport. Opened in 1900, the city's subway system, the Paris Métro, serves 5.23 million passengers daily; it is the second-busiest metro system in Europe after the Moscow Metro. Gare du Nord is the 24th-busiest railway station in the world and the busiest outside Japan, with 262 million passengers in 2015. Paris has one of the most sustainable transportation systems and is one of the only two cities in the world that received the Sustainable Transport Award twice.Paris is especially known for its museums and architectural landmarks: the Louvre received 8.9. million visitors in 2023, on track for keeping its position as the most-visited art museum in the world. The Musée d'Orsay, Musée Marmottan Monet and Musée de l'Orangerie are noted for their collections of French Impressionist art. The Pompidou Centre Musée National d'Art Moderne, Musée Rodin and Musée Picasso are noted for their collections of modern and contemporary art. The historical district along the Seine in the city centre has been classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1991.Paris hosts several United Nations organizations including UNESCO, and other international organizations such as the OECD, the OECD Development Centre, the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, the International Energy Agency, the International Federation for Human Rights, along with European bodies such as the European Space Agency, the European Banking Authority and the European Securities and Markets Authority. The football club Paris Saint-Germain and the rugby union club Stade Français are based in Paris. The 81,000-seat Stade de France, built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, is located just north of Paris in the neighbouring commune of Saint-Denis. Paris hosts the annual French Open Grand Slam tennis tournament on the red clay of Roland Garros. The city hosted the Olympic Games in 1900 and 1924, and will host the 2024 Summer Olympics. The 1938 and 1998 FIFA World Cups, the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup, the 2007 Rugby World Cup, as well as the 1960, 1984 and 2016 UEFA European Championships were also held in the city. Every July, the Tour de France bicycle race finishes on the Avenue des Champs-Élysées in Paris.\n\nParis syndrome is a cluster of psychiatric symptoms exhibited by some individuals when visiting Paris, that can be viewed as a severe form of culture shock.The syndrome is characterized by symptoms such as acute delusional states, hallucinations, feelings of persecution (perceptions of being a victim of prejudice, aggression, hostility from others), derealization, depersonalization, anxiety, as well as psychosomatic manifestations such as dizziness, tachycardia, sweating most notably, but also others, such as vomiting.While the syndrome has been particularly noted among Japanese tourists, perhaps due to the way in which Paris has been idealised in Japanese culture, the syndrome has also affected travellers from other countries such as China, South Korea, and Singapore."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Paris syndrome is a sense of disappointment exhibited by some individuals who feel that Paris is not as beautiful as they had expected it to be. It results in symptoms such as acute delusional states, hallucinations, derealization and anxiety. It only seems to affect Japanese tourists.\n\n[Paris syndrome - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_syndrome)"}, {"role": "user", "content": ">It only seems to affect Japanese tourists.\n\nUhh what?", "name": "Alexander"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Japan, or at least a very visible minority of its urban culture, has some form of obsession with classical western culture, especially France. They fantasize it as a place of grand riches and royalty, so when they eventually travel there all those fantasies turn out to be just that, mere fantasies.", "name": "Jacqueline"}]

m0vhyw

t5_2umfr

roxzillaz

gqd3vz9

[{"role": "system", "content": "Drapetomania was a supposed mental illness that, in 1851, American physician Samuel A. Cartwright hypothesized as the cause of enslaved Africans fleeing captivity.: 41  This hypothesis was based on the belief that slavery was such an improvement upon the lives of slaves that only those suffering from some form of mental illness would wish to escape.Cartwright specifically cited the tendency of slaves to flee the plantations that held them. Since slaves happy with their condition would not want to leave, he inferred that such people had to be sick, impervious to the natural order of things. He published an article about black slaves' illnesses and idiosyncrasies in De Bow's Review. Contemporarily reprinted in the South, Cartwright's article was widely mocked and satirized in the northern United States. The concept has since been debunked as pseudoscience: 2  and shown to be part of the edifice of scientific racism. A slave's desire for freedom is not pathological.The term derives from the Greek δραπέτης (drapetēs, 'a runaway [slave]') and μανία (mania, 'madness, frenzy').As late as 1914, the third edition of Thomas Lathrop Stedman's Practical Medical Dictionary included an entry for drapetomania, defined as \"Vagabondage, dromomania; an uncontrollable or insane impulsion to wander.\""}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Drapetomania was a conjectural mental illness that, in 1851, American physician Samuel A. Cartwright hypothesized as the cause of enslaved Africans fleeing captivity. The concept has since been debunked as pseudoscience and shown to be part of the edifice of scientific racism.\n\n[Drapetomania - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drapetomania)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "The quotes are absolutely disgusting.", "name": "Laura"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I was gobsmacked at the inherent racism, and how nothing much has changed...", "name": "Peter"}, {"role": "user", "content": ">nothing much has changed \n\n\nYeah I was having this convo with my slave earlier today"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Slavery still exists, we just call it prison and pretend its because of a war on drugs", "name": "Bryan"}]

gdhr05

t5_2qh3b

Pupikal

fphqfs4

[{"role": "system", "content": "In English, the word like has a very flexible range of uses, ranging from conventional to non-standard. It can be used as a noun, verb, adverb, adjective, preposition, particle, conjunction, hedge, filler, quotative, and semi-suffix."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# In English, the word like has a very flexible range of uses, ranging from conventional to non-standard. It can be used as a noun, verb, adverb, adjective, preposition, particle, conjunction, hedge, filler, and quotative.\n\n[Like - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Like)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "She was like, \"Just like you, I like my likes and I'm like to, like, dislike my dislikes.\"", "name": "Samuel"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Well that's just, like, your opinion, man.", "name": "Jorge"}]

67jad4

t5_2umfr

whopper95

dgqxd0m

[{"role": "system", "content": "Milton Teagle \"Richard\" Simmons (born July 12, 1948) is an American fitness personality and public figure, known for his eccentric, flamboyant, and energetic personality. He has promoted weight-loss programs, most prominently through his Sweatin' to the Oldies line of aerobics videos.\nSimmons began his weight-loss career by opening his gym Slimmons in Beverly Hills, California, catering to the overweight, and he became widely known through exposure on television and through the popularity of his consumer products. He is often parodied and was a frequent guest of late-night television and radio talk shows, such as the Late Show with David Letterman and The Howard Stern Show.\nHe continued to promote health and exercise through a decades-long career, and later broadened his activities to include political activism – such as in 2008 in support of a bill mandating noncompetitive physical education in public schools as a part of the No Child Left Behind Act.Simmons has not been seen publicly since February 2014. By March 2016, speculation and expressions of concern about his well-being began to surface in the media. Both Simmons and his publicist said the concerns were unwarranted, as he simply chose to be less publicly visible."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# [MYS] Richard Simmons, a well known American fitness guru, disappeared from the public eye in 2015. Police in March 2017 concluded he was fine, and Richard himself posted a picture to Facebook in April with an update picture. However, the picture is years old, and some believe it may not be him.\n\n[Richard Simmons - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Simmons#Personal_life)"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "Here is a [link to the Facebook post](https://www.facebook.com/TheWeightSaint/posts/10158820384830227:0). He has since updated his page with [a thank-you to the local law enforcement and medical facilities](https://www.facebook.com/TheWeightSaint/posts/10158841528335227:0). I myself don't believe Richard is in any harm, but the speculation from others is creepy enough."}, {"role": "user", "content": "The creepy part is that he was extremely active with the paparazzi and the public, didn't shy away from attention in any way. He was his usual fun, outgoing self to one day completely disappearing. He used to do his fitness classes (teaching) and just stopped coming didn't leave the house. \nReally made people wonder, myself included what the hell happened or is going on. It's very..weird.", "name": "Eva"}]

f7z03p

t5_2qh3b

thecorndogmaker

fii2c86

[{"role": "system", "content": "Hessy Levinsons Taft (born Hessy Levinsons; (1934-05-17)17 May 1934), a Jewish German, was featured as an infant in Nazi propaganda after her photo won a contest to find \"the most beautiful Aryan baby\" in 1935. Taft's image was subsequently distributed widely by the Nazi party in a variety of materials, such as magazines and postcards, to promote Aryanism."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Hessy Levinsons Taft - A woman born to Jewish parents who was featured as an infant in Nazi propaganda, after her photo won a contest to find \"the most beautiful Aryan baby\" in 1935.\n\n[Hessy Levinsons Taft - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessy_Levinsons_Taft)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "We'd a similar thing here in the UK somewhat recently, The British Nazi Party distributed pictures of [Spitfires with the text \"Battle for Britain\"](https://regmedia.co.uk/2009/03/04/bnp_poster.jpg).\n\nThe Spitfire belonged to the famous [303 Squadron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No._303_Squadron_RAF) who bagged the most kills in the Battle of Britain. \n\nThey were made up *entirely* of Polish immigrants.", "name": "Jacob"}, {"role": "user", "content": "The polish deserve more credit than they get in ww2. They did a lot despite the conditions they were in", "name": "Brandon"}]

111i5tp

t5_2qh3b

tindahalx

j8g7xp1

[{"role": "system", "content": "I-52 (伊号第五二潜水艦 (伊52), I Gō Dai Gojūni Sensuikan (I Gojūni), I-52 submarine (I-52)), code-named Momi (樅, \"fir tree\") was a Type C-3 cargo submarine of the Imperial Japanese Navy used during World War II for a secret mission to Lorient, France, then occupied by Germany, during which she was sunk."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# WW2 Japanese submarine I-52 departed Japan on a secret mission to Europe to obtain military technology & goods from a German sub. Her cargo included 2.2 tons of Gold for payment. She was sunk by a US task force & now lies 3 miles below the ocean with a gold cargo worth over US$120 million.\n\n[Japanese submarine I-52 (1942) - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_submarine_I-52_(1942))"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Were they planning to transfer tons of gold at sea??\n\nGood grief: they were also carrying three tons of opium.", "name": "Gabriel"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Lots of people getting blown up requires lots of morphine.", "name": "Nevaeh"}]

p9dua0

t5_2qh3b

blankblank

h9x0emo

[{"role": "system", "content": "The Green Knight (Welsh: Marchog Gwyrdd, Cornish: Marghek Gwyrdh, Breton: Marc'heg Gwer) is a heroic character of the Matter of Britain, originating in the 14th-century poem Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and the related medieval work The Greene Knight. His true name is revealed to be Bertilak de Hautdesert (spelled in some translations as \"Bercilak\" or \"Bernlak\") in Sir Gawain, while The Greene Knight names him \"Bredbeddle\". The Green Knight later features as one of Arthur's greatest champions in the fragmentary ballad \"King Arthur and King Cornwall\", again with the name \"Bredbeddle\".In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Bertilak is transformed into the Green Knight by Morgan le Fay, a traditional adversary of King Arthur, to test his court. However, in The Greene Knight, he is transformed by a different woman for the same purpose. In both stories, he sends his wife to seduce Gawain as a further test. \"King Arthur and King Cornwall\" portrays him as an exorcist and one of the most powerful knights of Arthur's court. His wider role in Arthurian literature includes being a judge and tester of knights, and as such, the other characters consider him as friendly but terrifying and somewhat mysterious.In Sir Gawain, the Green Knight is so called because his skin and clothes are green. The meaning of his greenness has puzzled scholars. Some identify him as the Green Man, a vegetation being of medieval art; others as a recollection of a figure from Celtic mythology; a Christian \"pagan\" symbol – the personified Devil. The medievalist C. S. Lewis said the character was \"as vivid and concrete as any image in literature.\" Scholar J. A. Burrow called him the \"most difficult character\" to interpret."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# The Green Knight is a character from 14th-century Arthurian literature. He is a formidable judge and tester of knights, and as such the other characters consider him as friendly but terrifying and somewhat mysterious.\n\n[Green Knight - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Knight)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "The movie is great, ain't it?", "name": "Manuel"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "It was. Trippy and beautiful."}]

n6eqx5

t5_2umfr

overdragon98

gx6upew

[{"role": "system", "content": "The Banana Massacre (Spanish: Matanza/Masacre de las bananeras) was a massacre of workers of the United Fruit Company, now Chiquita, that occurred between December 5 and 6, 1928 in the town of Ciénaga near Santa Marta, Colombia. A strike began on November 12, 1928, when the workers ceased to work until the company would reach an agreement with them to grant them dignified working conditions. After several weeks with no agreement, in which the United Fruit Company refused to negotiate with the workers, the conservative government of Miguel Abadía Méndez sent the Colombian Army in against the strikers, resulting in the massacre of 47 to 2,000 people.\nU.S. officials in Colombia and United Fruit representatives portrayed the workers' strike as \"communist\" with a \"subversive tendency\" in telegrams to Frank B. Kellogg, the United States Secretary of State. The Colombian government was also compelled to work for the interests of the company, considering they could cut off trade of Colombian bananas with significant markets such as the United States and Europe.Gabriel García Márquez depicted a fictional version of the massacre in his novel One Hundred Years of Solitude, as did Álvaro Cepeda Samudio in his La Casa Grande. Although García Márquez references the number of dead as around three thousand, the actual number of dead workers is unknown."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# The Banana Massacre was a massacre of United Fruit Company workers that occurred between December 5 and 6, 1928 in the town of Cinaga near Santa Marta, Colombia.\n\n[Banana Massacre - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banana_Massacre)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "If you read 100 Years of Solitude, the massacre in Macondo was inspired by this event.", "name": "Amelia"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "That's right, unfortunately, conservative politicians try to use that to distort reality and say that the massacre never happened, they describe it as Macondian mythology, and a large number of their followers blindly listen to everything they are told by those politicians."}]

pzf8tm

t5_2qh3b

XiiCubed

hf0skk4

[{"role": "system", "content": "Nobel disease or Nobelitis is an informal term for the embrace of strange or scientifically unsound ideas by some Nobel Prize winners, usually later in life. It has been argued that the effect results, in part, from a tendency for Nobel winners to feel empowered by the award to speak on topics outside their specific area of expertise, although it is unknown whether Nobel Prize winners are more prone to this tendency than other individuals. Paul Nurse, co-winner of the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, warned later laureates against \"believing you are expert in almost everything, and being prepared to express opinions about most issues with great confidence, sheltering behind the authority that the Nobel Prize can give you\". Nobel disease has been described as a tongue-in-cheek term."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Nobel disease or Nobelitis is the embracing of strange or scientifically unsound ideas by some Nobel Prize winners, usually later in life.\n\n[Nobel disease - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_disease)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Most of these are related to spirituality and metaphysics (albeit some are just total ass hats) But I want to talk about the spirituality portion as I think it's pretty outstanding.\n\nA lot of these Nobelites are reported later in life to delve deeper into their own minds, behind thought, and connect with some source of \"objective reality\". Since there is no real scientific nature 'beneath thought' and no means for material science to measure it, its often passed off as pseudoscience.\n\nCarl Jung and Albert Einstein would absolutely disagree that just because something can't be measured - it doesnt exist. As would many great thinkers throughout history such as Plato (allegory of the cave), Aristotle, etc. They all had some sense of objective reality and a knowing of the 'connected human consciousness' that many cultures have denoted as god. There's the common belief among these that material existence is only a function of our perception. This isn't stating that the physical world doesn't exist, just that its manifested through vibrations of some deeper quantum field - string theory points to this as well.\n\nThe whole spiritual realm (all of it), in its purest form, is an experiential view, so it can't (shouldn't) be really understood or trusted by those who haven't experienced these trancendental altered states of consciousness. Those who repeat belief but do not have the experience of this 'god' (connected consciousness) are the cause of modern dogmatic religion, they just don't get it.\n\nI think the fact that this is a common thread throughout many of history's greatest thinkers is at least a reason to hold space for the idea that there could be truth in it.", "name": "Alexandra"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I think the common thread is that winning the prize gave them a public platform to promote their personal opinions. Spirituality is one thing but some of the other ideas listed in the article include: Vitamin C can treat cancer and schizophrenia, AIDS isn't caused by HIV, global warming isn't caused by humans, myths about autism, racialism, eugenics, etc. Promoting these ideas is dangerous because it gives them undeserved credence coming from a well known figure in science.", "name": "Levi"}]

n3wzv0

t5_2qh3b

blankblank

gwsth2n

[{"role": "system", "content": "In linguistics and stylistics, an irreversible binomial, frozen binomial, binomial freeze, binomial expression, binomial pair, or nonreversible word pair is a pair of words used together in fixed order as an idiomatic expression or collocation. The words have a semantic relationship usually involving the words and or or. They also belong to the same part of speech: nouns (milk and honey), adjectives (short and sweet), or verbs (do or die)."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# In linguistics, an irreversible binomial is a pair or group of words used together in fixed order as an idiomatic expression or collocation (e.g. \"mac and cheese,\" not \"cheese and mac\").\n\n[Irreversible binomial - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irreversible_binomial)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "The Unabomber was brought down by something similar. Eat your cake and have it, too. Not a binomial but a reversal. Anyway. You get it.", "name": "Ariana"}, {"role": "user", "content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You_can%27t_have_your_cake_and_eat_it\n\nIf anyone needed more context:\n\n>In 1996, the eat-have variant played a role in the apprehension of the Unabomber, whose real name is Ted Kaczynski. In his manifesto, which the terrorist sent to newspapers in the wake of his bombings, Kaczynski advocated the undoing of the industrial revolution, writing: \"As for the negative consequences of eliminating industrial society well, you cant eat your cake and have it too.\" James R. Fitzgerald, an FBI forensic linguist, noted this (then) uncommon variant of the proverb and later discovered that Kaczynski had also used it in a letter to his mother. This, among other clues, led to his identification and arrest.", "name": "Megan"}]

wpb73h

t5_2umfr

Jeremy-Fisher

ikjikhu

[{"role": "assistant", "content": "# A bog body is a human cadaver that has been naturally mummified in a peat bog. Unlike other ancient remains, the bog acidity promotes preservation of keratin-rich skin, hair, and nails rather than bones, due to the dissolution of the calcium phosphate of bone by the peat's acidity.\n\n[Bog body - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bog_body?wprov=sfti1)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I learned about Bog Mummies from Spider Magazine back in third grade. Being the impressionable little kid I was, I wrote a poem in class about being a sacrificial offering in a bog. My teacher passed it on to the guidance department, and my whole family spent the next six months being questioned by social workers about it \"everything was ok at home\". All was well, I was just a weird kid.", "name": "Alondra"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I mean, that's actually kind of hilarious.", "name": "Cooper"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Agreed! Many apologies later, the poem won a silly young writers award and my mom loves telling the story", "name": "Kylee"}]

18vj2zf

t5_2qh3b

OneSalientOversight

kftm1on

[{"role": "system", "content": "Jaerock Lee (Korean: 이재록; April 20, 1943 – December 31, 2023) was a South Korean Christian pastor and author, who founded the Manmin Central Church in Seoul. In 2018, he was convicted of multiple causes of sexual assault and rape against several members of his church, and he was sentenced to 15 years in prison.Lee founded the Manmin Central Church in 1982, and it grew into a megachurch with a claimed membership of 120,000 in 9,000 member churches. In 2010, Manmin Central church claimed to have the largest number of churches in Korea. Lee's ministry was controversial, and he has been called a cult leader.Lee died on December 31, 2023, at the age of 80. His books have been translated into several languages."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Jaerock Lee was a South Korean Pastor who once declared that he was without sin and could not die. He was later jailed for sex crimes. He died today.\n\n[Jaerock Lee - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaerock_Lee)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Why do these really big pastors are always the most evil people .... it is so bizarre. The same thing in US", "name": "Megan"}, {"role": "user", "content": "because those with \"faith\" can be manipulated easier than anyone else. by definition faith is your ability to believe things without evidence, seeing that huge gap in someone's cognition leaves them ripe for manipulation. you got a group of people already primed to accept that they have to do what you say to get their afterlife reward. in America you could get caught with 10 kids in your bed and those with faith would make every excuse possible for your behavior despite condemning any non-Christian that does it. the most interesting thing about these pastors is that they are considered men of faith even if they don't actually live like that, all they have to do is say they do. no action required.", "name": "Kate"}]

usg8ir

t5_2umfr

lightiggy

i93pjfm

[{"role": "system", "content": "The lynching of Michael Donald in Mobile, Alabama, on March 21, 1981, was one of the last reported lynchings in the United States. Several Ku Klux Klan (KKK) members beat and killed Michael Donald, a 19-year-old African-American, and hung his body from a tree. One perpetrator, Henry Hays, was executed by electric chair in 1997, while another, James Knowles, was sentenced to life in prison after pleading guilty and testifying against Hays. A third man was convicted as an accomplice and also sentenced to life in prison, and a fourth was indicted, but died before his trial could be completed.\nHays's execution was the first in Alabama since 1913 for a white-on-black crime. It was the only execution of a KKK member during the 20th century for the murder of an African American. Donald's mother, Beulah Mae Donald, brought a civil suit for wrongful death against the United Klans of America (UKA), to which the attackers belonged. In 1987 a jury awarded her damages of $7 million, which bankrupted the organization. This set a precedent for civil legal action for damages against other racist hate groups."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# In 1981, the United States had its last confirmed lynching. Michael Donald, a black teenager, was abducted, robbed, and murdered by two KKK members as he was walking home from a nearby gas station. Donald's mother would successfully sue Klan for inciting murder, crippling the organization.\n\n[Lynching of Michael Donald - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynching_of_Michael_Donald)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Im sorry for his death, but Im not at all sure that describing it as the last of anything is correct. In 1999 James Byrd Jr was kidnapped, tortured, dragged to death by three klan members in Jasper, Texas, who then mutilated his dead body and left it in a historically black cemetery. Just because rope isnt involved doesnt mean it wasnt a lynching.", "name": "Claire"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "I didn't have enough space to specify that. Michael Donald's death was the last confirmed *literal* lynching, as in rope was used."}]

1an0615

t5_2umfr

Get-stupid

kprdl8f

[{"role": "system", "content": "The following works of art have been described as being haunted or cursed in some way."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# List of reportedly haunted paintings\n\n[List of reportedly haunted paintings - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_reportedly_haunted_paintings)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "The Hands Resist Him, classic legend that Id read as a kid and scare myself silly. Good article.", "name": "Raymond"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "I loved reading about that one because they actually contacted the artist about the curse and he had no idea what the hell they were talking about"}]

yg6cno

t5_7811nr

slinkslowdown

iu73aap

[{"role": "system", "content": "The Temple of Priapus, also known as the St. Priapus Church (French: Église S. Priape), is a North American pagan religion founded in 1979 that centers on the worship of the phallus."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# St. Priapus Church is a pagan religion that centres on the worship of the phallus, which can be accomplished by a variety of sexual acts, including group masturbation. Semen is also treated with reverence and its consumption is an act of worship.\n\n[Temple of Priapus - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Priapus_Church)"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": ">Similarly, fellatio is strongly encouraged; St. Priapus Church sees it as a commandment, a good deed which has positive effects not just for the recipient but for society in general, a practice facilitating world peace. (Well-fellated men, the church teaches, are less likely to make war.)"}]

mrhdrm

t5_2qh3b

Melony_Dominant77

gumj09n

[{"role": "system", "content": "Cheerleading is an activity in which the participants (called cheerleaders) cheer for their team as a form of encouragement. It can range from chanting slogans to intense physical activity. It can be performed to motivate sports teams, to entertain the audience, or for competition. Cheerleading routines typically range anywhere from one to three minutes, and contain components of tumbling, dance, jumps, cheers, and stunting. Cheerleading originated in the United States, where it has become a tradition. It is less prevalent in the rest of the world, except via its association with American sports or organized cheerleading contests.\nModern cheerleading is very closely associated with American football and basketball. Sports such as association football (soccer), ice hockey, volleyball, baseball, and wrestling will sometimes sponsor cheerleading squads. The ICC Twenty20 Cricket World Cup in South Africa in 2007 was the first international cricket event to have cheerleaders. The Florida Marlins were the first Major League Baseball team to have a cheerleading team. \nCheerleading originated as an all-male activity in the United States, and is popular predominantly in America, with an estimated 3.85 million participants as of 2017. The global presentation of cheerleading was led by the 1997 broadcast of ESPN's International cheerleading competition, and the worldwide release of the 2000 film Bring It On. The International Cheer Union (ICU) now claims 116 member nations with an estimated 7.5 million participants worldwide.Around the end of the 2000s the sport had gained traction outside of the United States in countries like Australia, Canada, Mexico, China, Colombia, Finland, France, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. However, the sport does not have the international popularity of other American sports, such as baseball or basketball, despite efforts being made to popularize the sport at an international level. In 2016, the IOC (International Olympic Committee) recognized the ICU (International Cheer Union) as part of the sports federations; in practice this means that the modality is considered a sport by the IOC, and in the future, depending on negotiations and international popularization, it could become part of the Olympic Games.\nScientific studies of cheerleading show that it carries the highest rate of catastrophic injuries to female athletes in sports, with most injuries associated with stunting, also known as pyramids. One 2011 study of American female athletes showed that cheerleading resulted in 65% of all catastrophic injuries in female sports."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# of the 2.9 million female high school athletes, only 3% are cheerleaders, yet cheerleading accounts for nearly 65% of all catastrophic injuries in girls' high school athletics, and is considered one of the most dangerous school activities.\n\n[Cheerleading - Wikipedia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheerleading#Dangers_of_cheerleading)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Who would have thought flinging young girls through the air repeatedly with only distracted high school aged boys to catch them would result in injuries.", "name": "Jordyn"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Last I saw it was other girls catching them.", "name": "Kaitlyn"}]

ycrdkq

t5_7811nr

slinkslowdown

j5f25cq

[{"role": "system", "content": "Cock rock is a description of rock music that emphasizes an aggressive form of male sexuality. The style developed in the later 1960s, came to prominence in the 1970s and 1980s, and continues into the present day."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Cock rock is a genre of rock music that emphasizes an aggressive form of male sexuality. The style developed in the later 1960s, came to prominence in the 1970s and 1980s, and continues into the present day.\n\n[Cock rock - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cock_rock)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I'm in my 30s, I'm a huge rock & metal fan, & I've heard my different genres, sub-genres, & cross-genres, but this is the first time I've heard of Cock Rock.", "name": "Tristan"}, {"role": "user", "content": "IMO, it's really not a unique musical genre in and of itself, more just a term for hard rock bands that express a certain macho attitude.", "name": "Dakota"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "It's definitely more about the vibe/attitude than the music style itself."}, {"role": "user", "content": "I mean, Led Zeppelin and Nickelback are worlds apart in terms of their musical style, but they could both be considered \"cock rock\".", "name": "Landon"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I thought Nickelback was \"butt rock\"....\nCock rock is always better than butt rock.", "name": "Trinity"}, {"role": "user", "content": "They're that too.", "name": "Damian"}]

tk84qe

t5_2umfr

SwordlessCandor

i1pxvio

[{"role": "system", "content": "Some communities on the social news site Reddit (known as \"subreddits\") are devoted to explicit, violent, or hateful material, and have been the topic of controversy. Controversial Reddit communities sometimes receive significant media coverage."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Controversial Reddit communities - r/jailbait, which featured provocative shots of underage teenagers, became the chosen \"subreddit of the year\" in the \"Best of reddit\" user poll in 2008\n\n[Controversial Reddit communities - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversial_Reddit_communities)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "There was a really good documentary on A&E years ago (back when they actually showed interesting programming) that covered sex work and trafficking in the US. They interviewed sex workers who talked about how pimps target vulnerable kids. They target kids pretty young because, according to one sex worker, \"the line for an 11 year old goes around the block.\" SO depressing.", "name": "Peter"}, {"role": "user", "content": "More prevalent in our society than we can imagine and in desperate need of funding for help on both sides.", "name": "Connor"}]

pemymj

t5_2umfr

Great-Plateau

hb07vj3

[{"role": "system", "content": "Hannah Ocuish (sometimes \"Occuish\"; March 1774 – December 20, 1786) was a 12-year old Pequot Native American girl with an intellectual disability who was hanged on December 20, 1786, in New London, Connecticut, for the murder of Eunice Bolles, the 6-year-old daughter of a wealthy farmer. She is believed to be the youngest person executed in the United States. In recent years, Ocuish's guilt, culpability, and the fairness of her trial have come into question."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Hannah Ocuish, an intellectually disabled Native American girl, is believed to be the youngest person ever executed in the United States at 12 years old.\n\n[Hannah Ocuish - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannah_Ocuish)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "234 years ago, the world was a very different place, human rights were not even taken seriously til after ww2.", "name": "Alexandria"}, {"role": "user", "content": "In most of the world they still aren't. For over 4 billion people on 6 continents the notion of human rights is flimsy or nonexistent, especially the human rights of children, people with disabilities, and government disfavored ethnic groups.", "name": "Spencer"}]

ox8uwn

t5_2umfr

psychedelic666

h7mdcts

[{"role": "system", "content": "Keelhauling (Dutch kielhalen; \"to drag along the keel\") is a form of punishment and potential execution once meted out to sailors at sea. The sailor was tied to a line looped beneath the vessel, thrown overboard on one side of the ship, and dragged under the ship's keel, either from one side of the ship to the other, or the length of the ship (from bow to stern).\nThe common supposition is that keelhauling amounted to a sentence of either death by extreme torture, or at the very least maiming. The hull of the ship was usually covered in barnacles and other marine growth, and thus, keelhauling would typically result in serious lacerations, from which the victim could later suffer infection and scarring. If the victim was dragged slowly, his weight might lower him sufficiently to miss the barnacles, but this method would frequently result in his drowning. There was also a risk of head trauma from colliding against the hull or keel, especially if the ship was in motion."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Keelhauling: a form of torture used on sailors as a means of punishment. They were tied to a line looped beneath the vessel, thrown overboard, and dragged under the ship's keel. The torture would result in death by severe lacerations on barnacles, head trauma, drowning, or possibly a shark attack.\n\n[Keelhauling - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keelhauling)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I totally didnt understand how keelhauling worked, but now Im unclear on how it actually works. I thought the victim was thrown off the bow, dragged under the length of the ship, and then pulled back up from the stern. But this sounds like they go over one side and then up the other? What actually pulls them across the underside of the ship?", "name": "Abigail"}, {"role": "user", "content": "The line would be passed from the bow (front) to the stern (rear) of the boat, along the keel (the center line, or lengthwise bottom of the vessel). The body would be propelled along by the ship's movement forward. \n\nAccording to \"Traditions of the Navy\" by Cedric W. Windas (an out of print but absolutely charming and interesting illustrated tome about naval traditions which can easily be found on eBay), this was something done exclusively during the age of sail (if only for the simple fact that a rope [properly called a \"line\" in naval parlance] would be chopped up or fouled in a modern ship's propeller blades).\n\nWindas also added that any victim who survived (a decidedly unlikely event) would be considered absolved of his crimes.", "name": "James"}]

11u8egr

t5_2umfr

OkStomach3965

jcnci8q

[{"role": "system", "content": "In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted approximately from 500 AD to 1500, although some prefer other start and end dates. The Middle Ages is the second of the three traditional divisions of Western history: antiquity, medieval, and modern. Major developments include the predominance of agriculture in the economy, the exploitation of the peasantry, slow interregional communication, the importance of interpersonal relations in power structures, and the fragility of state bureaucracy. The medieval period is itself sometimes subdivided into the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages, and the early medieval period is alternatively referred to as the Dark Ages.\nPopulation decline, counterurbanisation, the collapse of centralised authority, the mass migration of tribes (mainly Germanic peoples), and Christianisation, which had begun in late antiquity, continued into the Early Middle Ages. The movements of peoples led to the disintegration of the Western Roman Empire, and the rise of new kingdoms. In the post-Roman world, taxation declined, the army was financed through land grants, and the blending of Later Roman civilisation and the invaders' traditions is well documented. The Eastern Roman Empire (or Byzantine Empire) survived but lost the Middle East and North Africa to Muslim conquerors in the 7th century. Although the Carolingian dynasty of the Franks reunited much of the Western Roman lands by the early 9th century, the Carolingian Empire quickly fell apart into competing kingdoms, which later fragmented into autonomous duchies and lordships.\nDuring the High Middle Ages, which began after 1000, the population of Europe increased greatly as the Medieval Warm Period allowed crop yields to increase, and technological and agricultural innovations introduced a \"commercial revolution\". Slavery nearly disappeared, and peasants could improve their status by colonising faraway regions in return for economic and legal concessions. New towns developed from local commercial centers, and urban artisans united into local guilds to protect their common interests. Western church leaders accepted papal supremacy to get rid of lay influence, which accelerated the separation of the western Catholic and eastern Orthodox Churches, and triggered the Investiture Controversy between the papacy and secular powers. With the spread of heavy cavalry, a new aristocracy emerged who stabilised their position through strict inheritance customs. In the system of feudalism, the noble knights owed military service to their lords in return for the lands they had received in fief. Stone castles were built in regions where central authority was weak but by the end of the period state power was in the rise. The Western European peasants' and aristocrats' movement towards the peripheries of Europe, often in the guise of crusades, led to the expansion of Latin Christendom against the neighbouring Muslim, pagan, and Orthodox peoples. The spread of cathedral schools and universities stimulated a new method of intellectual discussions, with an emphasis on rational argumentation, known as scholasticism. Mass pilgrimages prompted the construction of massive Romanesque churches, while structural innovations led to the development of the more delicate Gothic architecture.\nDifficulties and calamities, including a great famine and the Black Death, which reduced the population by 50 per cent, introduced the Late Middle Ages in the 14th century. Conflicts between ethnic and social groups intensified, and local conflicts often escalated into full-scale warfare, such as the Hundred Years' War. By the end of the period, the Byzantine Empire and the Balkan states were conquered by a new Muslim power, the Ottoman Empire, whereas in the Iberian Peninsula, the Christian kingdoms won their centuries-old war against their Muslim neighbours. The prominence of personal faith is well documented, but the Western Schism and dissident movements condemned as heresies presented a significant challenge to traditional power structures in the Western Church. Humanist scholars started to put a special emphasis on human dignity, and Early Renaissance architects and artists revived several elements of classical culture in Italy. During the last medieval century, naval expeditions in search for new trade routes introduced the Age of Discovery.\n\nBefore the 20th century, the use of biological agents took three major forms:\n\nDeliberate contamination of food and water with poisonous or contagious material\nUse of microbes, biological toxins, animals, or plants (living or dead) in a weapon system\nUse of biologically inoculated fabrics and personsIn the 20th century, sophisticated bacteriological and virological techniques allowed the production of significant stockpiles of weaponized bio-agents:\n\nBacterial agents: Anthrax, Brucella, Tularemia, etc.\nViral agents: Smallpox, Viral hemorrhagic fevers, etc.\nToxins: Botulinum, Ricin, etc."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# During the Middle Ages, victims of the bubonic plague were used for biological attacks, often by flinging fomites such as infected corpses and excrement over castle walls using catapults. Bodies would be tied along with cannonballs and shot towards the city area.\n\n[History of biological warfare - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_biological_warfare)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "What a time to be alive", "name": "Jared"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I bet you someone alive at the time thought this.", "name": "Shelby"}]

c5sxn5

t5_2umfr

BoeJenjamin

es50qlm

[{"role": "system", "content": "Japan is an island country in East Asia. It is in the northwest Pacific Ocean and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north toward the East China Sea, Philippine Sea, and Taiwan in the south. Japan is a part of the Ring of Fire, and spans an archipelago of 14,125 islands, with the five main islands being Hokkaido, Honshu (the \"mainland\"), Shikoku, Kyushu, and Okinawa. Tokyo is the country's capital and largest city, followed by Yokohama, Osaka, Nagoya, Sapporo, Fukuoka, Kobe, and Kyoto.\nJapan has over 125 million inhabitants and is the 11th most populous country in the world, as well as one of the most densely populated. About three-fourths of the country's terrain is mountainous, concentrating its highly urbanized population on narrow coastal plains. Japan is divided into 47 administrative prefectures and eight traditional regions. The Greater Tokyo Area is the most populous metropolitan area in the world. Japan has the world's highest life expectancy, although it is experiencing a population decline due to its very low birth rate.\nJapan has been inhabited since the Upper Paleolithic period (30,000 BC). Between the fourth and ninth centuries AD, the kingdoms of Japan became unified under an emperor and the imperial court based in Heian-kyō. Beginning in the 12th century, political power was held by a series of military dictators (shōgun) and feudal lords (daimyō), and enforced by a class of warrior nobility (samurai). After a century-long period of civil war, the country was reunified in 1603 under the Tokugawa shogunate, which enacted an isolationist foreign policy. In 1854, a United States fleet forced Japan to open trade to the West, which led to the end of the shogunate and the restoration of imperial power in 1868. In the Meiji period, the Empire of Japan adopted a Western-modeled constitution, and pursued a program of industrialization and modernization. Amidst a rise in militarism and overseas colonization, Japan invaded China in 1937 and entered World War II as an Axis power in 1941. After suffering defeat in the Pacific War and two atomic bombings, Japan surrendered in 1945 and came under a seven-year Allied occupation, during which it adopted a new constitution.\nUnder the 1947 constitution, Japan has maintained a unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy with a bicameral legislature, the National Diet. Japan is a developed country and a great power, with one of the largest economies by nominal GDP. Japan has renounced its right to declare war, though it maintains a Self-Defense Force that ranks as one of the world's strongest militaries. A global leader in the automotive, robotics, and electronics industries, the country has made significant contributions to science and technology, and is one of the world's largest exporters and importers. It is part of multiple major international and intergovernmental institutions.\nJapan is a cultural superpower as the culture of Japan is well known around the world, including its art, cuisine, film, music, and popular culture, which encompasses prominent manga, anime, and video game industries.\n\nUnit 731 (Japanese: ７３１部隊, Hepburn: Nana-san-ichi Butai), short for Manshu Detachment 731 and also known as the Kamo Detachment: 198  and the Ishii Unit, was a covert biological and chemical warfare research and development unit of the Imperial Japanese Army that engaged in lethal human experimentation and biological weapons manufacturing during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) and World War II. It killed an estimated 200,000 to 300,000 people. It was based in the Pingfang district of Harbin, the largest city in the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo (now Northeast China) and had active branch offices throughout China and Southeast Asia.\nUnit 731 was responsible for some of the most notorious war crimes committed by the Japanese armed forces. It routinely conducted tests on people who were dehumanized and internally referred to as \"logs\". Experiments included disease injections, controlled dehydration, biological weapons testing, hypobaric pressure chamber testing, vivisection, organ harvesting, amputation, and standard weapons testing. Victims included not only kidnapped men, women (including pregnant women) and children but also babies born from the systemic rape perpetrated by the staff inside the compound. The victims also came from different nationalities, with the majority being Chinese and a significant minority being Russian. Additionally, Unit 731 produced biological weapons that were used in areas of China not occupied by Japanese forces, which included Chinese cities and towns, water sources, and fields. Estimates of those killed by Unit 731 and its related programs range up to half a million people, and none of the inmates survived. In the final moments of the Second World War, all prisoners were killed to conceal evidence.\nOriginally set up by the military police of the Empire of Japan, Unit 731 was taken over and commanded until the end of the war by General Shirō Ishii, a combat medic officer. The facility itself was built in 1935 as a replacement for the Zhongma Fortress, a prison and experimentation camp. Ishii and his team used it to expand their capabilities. The program received generous support from the Japanese government until the end of the war in 1945.\nWhile Unit 731 researchers arrested by Soviet forces were tried at the December 1949 Khabarovsk war crimes trials, those captured by the United States were secretly given immunity in exchange for the data gathered during their human experiments. The United States helped cover up the human experimentations and handed stipends to the perpetrators. The Americans co-opted the researchers' bioweapons information and experience for use in their own biological warfare program, much like what had been done with Nazi German researchers in Operation Paperclip.On 28 August 2002, Tokyo District Court ruled that Japan had committed biological warfare in China and consequently had slaughtered many residents."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Unit 731: Japan's site for weapons testing on humans in China in WWII, like being \"placed into centrifuges and spun until death; injected with animal blood; exposed to lethal doses of x-rays; subjected to various chemical weapons in gas chambers; injected with sea water; and burned or buried alive.\"\n\n[Unit 731 - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_731#Activities)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I think one of the reasons this isnt talked or heard of a lot is the fact that the US was handed the research of what they after they surrendered.", "name": "Amelia"}, {"role": "user", "content": "We got the research of the Nazis too, and gave a lot of their scientists sanctuary, and yet most people know about the horrific experiments of Dr. Mengele and the rest of the SS. I think the Pacific theatre is just not as well known or studied. And the Japanese try to deny most of their war crimes, whereas the Germans do a LOT today to acknowledge and make sure they dont repeat their history.", "name": "Ashton"}]

cjoz6m

t5_2umfr

WanderingSociopath

evfbjt2

[{"role": "system", "content": "Millicent Lilian 'Peg' Entwistle (5 February 1908 – 16 September 1932) was a British stage and screen actress. She began her stage career in 1925, appearing in several Broadway productions. She appeared in only one film, Thirteen Women, which was released posthumously. Entwistle gained notoriety after she jumped to her death from atop the 'H' on the Hollywoodland sign in September 1932, at the age of 24."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# 1932 Hollywood Sign Suicide. \"I am afraid, I am a coward. I am sorry for everything. If I had done this a long time ago, it would have saved a lot of pain. P.E\"\n\n[Peg Entwistle - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peg_Entwistle)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "[deleted]"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Im gonna go ahead and say this fact is not very fun", "name": "Charles"}]

op47y3

t5_2qh3b

arup02

h6356x7

[{"role": "assistant", "content": "# The description of the mallard on this \"Duck test\" page is hilarious when out of context.\n\n"}, {"role": "user", "content": "But does it quack like a duck?!", "name": "Paige"}, {"role": "user", "content": "The article has an audio file of a duck quacking just below the image.", "name": "Allison"}]

1bgs61q

t5_2umfr

wishingidbeensomeone

kv9zblc

[{"role": "system", "content": "Joseph Edward Duncan III (February 25, 1963 – March 28, 2021) was an American convicted serial killer and child molester who was on death row in federal prison following the 2005 kidnappings and murders of members of the Groene family of Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. He was also serving 11 consecutive sentences of life without parole for the 1997 murder of Anthony Martinez of Beaumont, California. Additionally, Duncan confessed to — but had not been charged with — the 1996 murder of two girls, Sammiejo White and Carmen Cubias, in Seattle, Washington. At the time of the attack on the Groene family, Duncan was on the run from a child molestation charge in Minnesota.During his incarceration, authorities connected Duncan with the unsolved murders of Anthony Martinez in California and two girls in Seattle, which all occurred when Duncan was on parole from 1994 to 1997. In all, Duncan was convicted in Idaho for kidnapping and murdering the three victims in Coeur d'Alene, for which he was given six life sentences: in federal court for kidnapping Shasta and Dylan Groene and murdering Dylan, for which he was given three death sentences and three life sentences; and in the state of California for kidnapping and murdering Martinez, for which he was given two life sentences.\nDuncan died on March 28, 2021, at the age of 58, as a result of a terminal brain tumor."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Joseph Duncan III was an American pedophile and serial killer most well known for the murder of the Groene family and abduction of Shasta and Dylan Groene. From behind bars Duncan wrote a blog called The Fifth Nail, published by an anonymous helper which detailed his life as a sex offender \n\n[Joseph Edward Duncan - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Edward_Duncan)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "The girl who survived him sadly has had a lot of issues with drug addiction and was arrested multiple times for it.", "name": "Mary"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "It really breaks my heart, I know she was struggling to retain custody of her own children due to her addiction. It cant be easy for her without the support system her family would have provided, she lost her mother and brothers all at once. I dont know what I would do if I were in her position, a young mother struggling with addiction, if I didnt have my mother to help me. I dont know where I would be in my own addiction struggles without my mother. \n\nI think of Shasta often, hopefully she gets the help she needs soon. I dont know how she goes on having witnessed the things she saw"}]

w0rwbw

t5_2qh3b

rayquisha

iggxud3

[{"role": "system", "content": "The Ship of Theseus is a thought experiment about whether an object is the same object after having had all of its original components replaced.\nIn Greek mythology, Theseus, mythical king and founder of the city Athens, rescued the children of Athens from King Minos after slaying the minotaur and then escaped onto a ship going to Delos. Each year, the Athenians would commemorate this by taking the ship on a pilgrimage to Delos to honour Apollo. A question was raised by ancient philosophers: After several hundreds of years of maintenance, if each individual piece of the Ship of Theseus was replaced, one after the other, was it still the same ship?\nIn contemporary philosophy, this thought experiment has applications to the philosophical study of identity over time, and has inspired a variety of proposed solutions and concepts in contemporary philosophy of mind concerned with the persistence of personal identity."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# The Ship of Theseus is a thought experiment about whether an object that has had all of its original components replaced remains the same object. If the ship of Theseus were kept in a harbor and every part on the ship were replaced one at a time, would it then be a new ship?\n\n[Ship of Theseus - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship_of_Theseus)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "The fact that it's a ship makes it more complicated than say a knife, or whatever. A ship has been named, and therefore exists not only as a physical object but also as the identity the name carries. If you replace all the individual parts one at a time over a long time but continue to use the ship, and it still carries the name of the ship it is still the same ship. Basically, in naming It and giving it the identity that goes with it , it becomes in a way more than only it's physical parts.", "name": "Alexia"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Interestingly, the USS Constitution has all been rebuilt/replaced except for a small piece from the original ship kept behind plexiglass. \n\nMy ex-FIL was commander of the Brooklyn Naval Yard when they did some renovations on the USS Constitution. The crew made a cigar box out of one of wood from ones of the masts and gave it to him as a present.", "name": "Makenzie"}, {"role": "user", "content": ">when they did some renovations on the USS Constitution\n\n*amendments", "name": "Alexis"}]

kt6jyp

t5_2umfr

trissle_hippie

gin1zcm

[{"role": "system", "content": "The Setagaya family murder (Japanese: 世田谷一家殺害事件, Hepburn: Setagaya ikka satsugai jiken, Setagaya family killings) refers to the unsolved murders of the Miyazawa family in the Kamisoshigaya neighborhood of Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan, on the night of 30 to 31 December 2000.Husband and wife, Mikio and Yasuko, their daughter Niina, and their son Rei were murdered during a home invasion by an unknown assailant who then remained in the family's house for several hours before disappearing. Japanese police launched a massive investigation that uncovered the killer's DNA and many specific clues about their identity, but the perpetrator has never been identified.\nThe media frenzy and long investigation of the murders became a cause célèbre to abolish the statute of limitations for crimes that could merit the death penalty in Japan, which was removed in 2010."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# The Setagaya family murder refers to the unsolved murders of the Miyazawa family in Tokyo, Japan, on 30 December 2000. The family were murdered during a home invasion at night by an unknown assailant who then remained in the house for several hours before disappearing.\n\n[Setagaya family murder - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setagaya_family_murder)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "The fact that he shit in the toilet and didnt flush is just over the top.", "name": "Robert"}, {"role": "user", "content": "That was the part that offended me the most too haha, what a slap in the face of the victims.", "name": "Adriana"}]

myqewl

t5_2umfr

congratsonyournap

gvx8uhg

[{"role": "system", "content": "Kermit Barron Gosnell (born February 9, 1941) is an American former physician, abortionist, and serial killer. He provided illegal late-term abortions at his clinic in West Philadelphia. Gosnell was convicted of the murders of three infants who were born alive after using drugs to induce labor, the manslaughter of one woman during an abortion procedure, and of several other abortion- and drug-related crimes. Staff at Gosnell's clinic testified that there were hundreds of infants born alive during abortion procedures, and subsequently killed by Gosnell.Gosnell, based in the Mantua neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, owned and operated the Women's Medical Society Clinic, a non-compliant abortion clinic that was dubbed a \"house of horrors\" during his criminal trial. In a 2010 raid, authorities found the intact human remains of 47 victims stored in bags and cartons, numerous of which were suspected and later confirmed to be victims of infanticide. In 2011, Gosnell, his wife Pearl, and eight employees were charged with a total of 32 felonies and 227 misdemeanors in connection with numerous deaths, illegal abortion procedures, and regulatory violations. Gosnell was also a prolific prescriber of numerous illegal substances, including OxyContin. Pearl and the eight employees pleaded guilty to various charges in 2011, whilst Gosnell pleaded not guilty and sought a jury trial.In May 2013, Gosnell was convicted of first-degree murder in the deaths of three of the infants and involuntary manslaughter in the death of Karnamaya Mongar, an adult patient at the clinic who died following an abortion procedure. Gosnell was also convicted of 21 felony counts of illegal late-term abortion and 211 counts of violating Pennsylvania's 24-hour informed consent law. After his conviction, Gosnell waived his right to appeal in exchange for an agreement by prosecutors not to seek the death penalty. He was sentenced to life in prison without parole. Gosnell was sentenced to an additional 30 years in prison for federal drug charges. Gosnell is currently incarcerated at SCI Huntingdon."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Kermit Gosnell is a former abortionist who murdered live newborns by severing their spinal cords with scissors. Police found fetal remains in bags, milk jugs, orange juice cartons and in the freezer. In all, the remains of 45 fetuses were recovered.\n\n[Kermit Gosnell - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kermit_Gosnell)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I read that he was an abolitionist and was really confused.", "name": "Jacqueline"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I read it as \"arborist\" and was also very confused.", "name": "Layla"}]

kbxwlo

t5_2umfr

amyjonescurvemodel

gflgxk8

[{"role": "assistant", "content": "# Something so happy that went so bad. Millions of balloons released in Cleveland that then cause death and accidents.\n\n[Balloonfest '86 - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balloonfest_%2786?wprov=sfla1)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Releasing balloons is just a dick move in general. If you want to see colorful shit fly away, watch birds.", "name": "Thomas"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "Hell yeah..I remember these raffle things when I was a kid in the 80s where you won if your balloon went furthest. No one gave a single shot about all the plastic and pollution."}]

zltc84

t5_2qh3b

blankblank

j07xo86

[{"role": "system", "content": "Cat predation on wildlife is the result of the natural instincts and behavior of both feral and owned house cats to hunt small prey, including wildlife. Some people view this as a desirable phenomenon, such as in the case of barn cats and other cats kept for the intended purpose of pest control; but scientific evidence does not support the popular use of cats to control urban rat populations, and ecologists oppose their use for this purpose because of the disproportionate harm they do to native wildlife. As an invasive species and predator, they do considerable ecological damage.Due to cats' natural hunting instinct, their ability to adapt to different environments, and the wide range of small animals they prey upon, both feral and free-ranging pet cats are responsible for predation on wildlife, and in some environments, considerable ecological harm. Cats are disease carriers and can spread diseases to animals in their community and marine life. There are methods to help mitigate the environmental impact imposed by feral cats through different forms of population management. Reducing cats' impact on the environment is limited by perceptions society has towards cats because humans have a relationship with cats as pets.In Australia, hunting by feral cats helped to drive at least 20 native mammals to extinction, and continues to threaten at least 124 more. Their introduction has caused the extinction of at least 33 endemic species on islands throughout the world. A 2013 systematic review in Nature Communications of data from 17 studies found that feral and domestic cats kill billions of birds in the United States every year.In a global 2023 assessment, cats were found to prey on 2,084 different species, of which 347 (or 16.5%) were of conservation concern. Birds, reptiles, and small mammals accounted for 90% of killed species. Island animals of conservation concern had three times more species predated upon than continental species."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Contrary to popular belief, there is no scientific evidence that cats are an effective means of rodent control, and ecologists oppose their use for this purpose because of the disproportionate harm they do to beneficial native wildlife.\n\n[Cat predation on wildlife - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_predation_on_wildlife)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "This article seems very one-sided. For starters, I can't find any suggestion that \"there is no scientific evidence that cats are an effective means of rodent control\" in the article's sources. From what I can tell it's just in the lede and not supported later. In the section on mice and rats, there is one scientific study and four news articles as citations. Three of the news articles use that one study as their only source. The study in question was actually about rat pheromones before the researchers decided to make it about cats instead at the last minute. The final news article is about a pilot project for a city using cats to hunt rodents and doesn't take a stance anywhere. Frankly I'm not sure what it's doing as a citation. So unless I'm missing something this claim is entirely based on a single study that only looked at one rat population in New York.", "name": "Devon"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Yeah \"no scientific evidence\" gets tossed around a lot in situations where a reasonable prior would be you'd want evidence to show it *doesn't* work, because it would be a surprising defeat of common observations, logic, and practice.\n\nLike maybe it's true, but it's unintuitive! The burden of proof that predators of rats don't reduce the number of rats is on the people making the claim.\n\nNow maybe it's not a *good* method or the *best* method because of the wild life side effects, but again, that's a different question.", "name": "David"}]

fgu2z

t5_2qh3b

jonsayer

c1fudl1

[{"role": "system", "content": "The Green Bay Packers are a professional American football team based in Green Bay, Wisconsin. The Packers compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the National Football Conference (NFC) North division. It is the third-oldest franchise in the NFL, dating back to 1919, and is the only non-profit, community-owned major league professional sports team based in the United States. Home games have been played at Lambeau Field since 1957. They have the most wins of any NFL franchise.The Packers are the last of the \"small-town teams\" that were common in the NFL during the league's early days of the 1920s and 1930s. Founded in 1919 by Earl \"Curly\" Lambeau and George Whitney Calhoun, the franchise traces its lineage to other semi-professional teams in Green Bay dating back to 1896. Between 1919 and 1920, the Packers competed against other semi-pro clubs from around Wisconsin and the Midwest, before joining the American Professional Football Association (APFA), the forerunner of today's NFL, in 1921. In 1933, the Packers began playing part of their home slate in Milwaukee until changes at Lambeau Field in 1995 made it more lucrative to stay in Green Bay full-time; Milwaukee is still considered a home media market for the team. Although Green Bay is by far the smallest major league professional sports market in North America, Forbes ranked the Packers as the world's 27th-most-valuable sports franchise in 2019, with a value of $2.63 billion.The Packers have won 13 league championships, the most in NFL history, with nine pre-Super Bowl NFL titles and four Super Bowl victories. The Packers, under coach Vince Lombardi, won the first two Super Bowls in 1966 and 1967; they were the only NFL team to defeat the American Football League (AFL) before the AFL–NFL merger. After Lombardi retired, the Super Bowl trophy was named for him, but the team struggled through the 1970s and 1980s. Since 1993, the team has enjoyed much regular-season success, making the playoffs 23 times and winning two Super Bowls in 1996 under head coach Mike Holmgren and 2010 under head coach Mike McCarthy. The Packers have the most wins (826) and the second-highest win–loss record (.571) in NFL history, including both regular season and playoff games.\nThe Packers are longstanding adversaries of the Chicago Bears, Minnesota Vikings, and Detroit Lions, who today form the NFL's NFC North division (formerly known as the NFC Central Division). They have played more than 100 games against each of those teams, and have a winning overall record against all of them, a distinction only shared with the Kansas City Chiefs, Dallas Cowboys, and Miami Dolphins. The Bears–Packers rivalry is one of the oldest rivalries in U.S. professional sports history, dating to 1921."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# The Green Bay Packers are a non-profit, community-owned team. The owners are 112,015 fans. This is in violation of current NFL rules, but I think it is the model that all sports teams should follow\n\n[Green Bay Packers - Wikipedia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Bay_Packers#Public_company)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Stock owner here :)\n\nAlso, my dad signed me up for the season ticket waitlist in 1995. Back then I was 45000 or something; now, I am 41000. It is pretty common for people to go on the list just so their grandkids might be able to get season tickets if they want.", "name": "Destiny"}, {"role": "user", "content": "So basically 4000 fans died in the last 16 years? \nSeriously though, can people bequeath their tickets to their descendants?", "name": "Nicholas"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Yes, they can.", "name": "Devon"}, {"role": "user", "content": "TIL: Americans take their viewership of football way more seriously then they do the actual game of football.", "name": "Alexandria"}]

jikjhs

t5_2umfr

JudyWilde143

ga7w381

[{"role": "system", "content": "Peaches (also known as \"The Girl with the Peach Tattoo\" or as Jane Doe No. 3) is an unidentified female whose torso was discovered on June 28, 1997, in Lakeview, New York, near Hempstead Lake State Park. The cause of the woman's death is listed as homicide, due to decapitation. As of 2024, she remains unidentified, and her skull has yet to be found. The woman had a tattoo on her left breast depicting a heart-shaped peach with a bite taken out of it and two drops falling from its core, which resulted in her nickname.\nAs of December 2016, additional skeletal remains found on Long Island in 2011 have been positively identified as belonging to Peaches, along with the remains of her child. As a result, Peaches is now linked to the Long Island serial killer as a potential victim."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Peaches is the name of a tattooed torso, presumably of a murdered woman. Her identity and murderer have never been found.\n\n[Peaches (murder victim) - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peaches_(murder_victim))"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Its a shame they never found her head, she was really good looking; a real peach.", "name": "Aubrey"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Yes officer, this comment right here.", "name": "Aubrey"}]

ylulfj

t5_2qh3b

Iamsodarncool

iv0wnps

[{"role": "system", "content": "Dame Jane Morris Goodall (; born Valerie Jane Morris-Goodall; 3 April 1934), formerly Baroness Jane van Lawick-Goodall, is an English primatologist and anthropologist. She is considered the world's foremost expert on chimpanzees, after 60 years' studying the social and family interactions of wild chimpanzees. Goodall first went to Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania to observe its chimpanzees in 1960.She is the founder of the Jane Goodall Institute and the Roots & Shoots programme, and she has worked extensively on conservation and animal welfare issues. As of 2022, she is on the board of the Nonhuman Rights Project. In April 2002, she was named a United Nations Messenger of Peace. Goodall is an honorary member of the World Future Council."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Dr. Jane Goodall is the only human ever accepted into chimpanzee society. She is widely regarded as the world's foremost expert on chimpanzees. Goodall's research career began in 1958, when the field of primatology was not accepting of women.\n\n[Jane Goodall - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Goodall)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "\"accepted into chimpanzee society\" makes it sound like the council of chimp elders voted to allow her entry into the chimp city", "name": "Julian"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I'm sure they did in their own way", "name": "Bryce"}]

un0uwk

t5_2umfr

lightiggy

i85kpk5

[{"role": "system", "content": "Nathaniel Gordon (February 6, 1826 – February 21, 1862) was an American slave trader who was the only person in the United States to be tried, convicted, and executed by the federal government for having \"engaged in the slave trade\" under the Piracy Law of 1820."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# In 1862, Nathaniel Gordon became the one and only man executed by the U.S. government for slave trading. President Lincoln rejected pleas for a pardon. He also refused to spare Gordon, saying \"there ought to be one case\" of a Northern slave trader being executed after killing countless people.\n\n[Nathaniel Gordon - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathaniel_Gordon)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Wow the judges comment to him is something.\n\n You are soon to be confronted with the terrible consequences of your crime, and it is proper that I should call to your mind the duty of preparing for that event which will soon terminate your mortal existence, and usher you into the presence of the Supreme Judge.\n\nLet me implore you to seek the spiritual guidance of the ministers of religion; and let your repentance be as humble and thorough as your crime was great. Do not attempt to hide its enormity from yourself; think of the cruelty and wickedness of seizing nearly a thousand fellow beings, who never did you harm, and thrusting them beneath the decks of a small ship, beneath a burning tropical sun, to die in of disease or suffocation, or be transported to distant lands, and be consigned, they and their posterity, to a fate far more cruel than death.\n\nThink of the sufferings of the unhappy beings whom you crowded on the Erie; of their helpless agony and terror as you took them from their native land; and especially of their miseries on the place of your capture to Monrovia! Remember that you showed mercy to none, carrying off as you did not only those of your own sex, but women and helpless children.\n\nDo not flatter yourself that because they belonged to a different race from yourself, your guilt is therefore lessened rather fear that it is increased. In the just and generous heart, the humble and the weak inspire compassion, and call for pity and forbearance. As you are soon to pass into the presence of that God of the black man as well as the white man, who is no respecter of persons, do not indulge for a moment the thought that he hears with indifference the cry of the humblest of his children. Do not imagine that because others shared in the guilt of this enterprise, yours, is thereby diminished; but remember the awful admonition of your Bible, \"Though hand joined in hand, the wicked shall not go unpunished.\"", "name": "Jeffrey"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Holy shit. That was an incredible statement. This should be shared more often in modern times because it still carried such a pertinent sentiment.", "name": "Victor"}]

17kt3i4

t5_2qh3b

rtels2023

k7ajatx

[{"role": "system", "content": "The English Wikipedia is the primary English-language edition of Wikipedia, an online encyclopedia. It was created by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger on January 15, 2001, as Wikipedia's first edition.\nEnglish Wikipedia is hosted alongside other language editions by the Wikimedia Foundation, an American nonprofit organization. Its content is written independently of other editions in various varieties of English, aiming to stay consistent within articles. Its internal newspaper is The Signpost.\nEnglish Wikipedia is the most-read version of Wikipedia, accounting for 48% of Wikipedia's cumulative traffic, with the remaining percentage split among the other languages. The English Wikipedia has the most articles of any edition, at 6,799,659 as of March 2024. It contains 10.8% of articles in all Wikipedias, although it lacks millions of articles found in other editions. The edition's one-billionth edit was made on January 13, 2021.English Wikipedia, often as a stand-in for Wikipedia overall, has been praised for its enablement of the democratization of knowledge, extent of coverage, unique structure, culture, and reduced degree of commercial bias. It has been criticized for exhibiting systemic bias, particularly gender bias against women and ideological bias. While its reliability was frequently criticized in the 2000s, it has improved over time, receiving greater praise in the late 2010s and early 2020s, having become an important fact-checking site. English Wikipedia has been characterized as having less cultural bias than other language editions due to its broader editor base."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# The image used to represent humans on the English Wikipedia article for Human, as well as the corresponding articles in dozens of other languages\n\n[File:Akha cropped hires.JPG - Wikimedia Commons](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Akha_cropped_hires.JPG#mw-jump-to-license)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I wonder where these two are nowadays, and if they even know about their picture on Wikipedia.", "name": "Aiden"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Imagine they randomly open the article and see themselves as the first picture", "name": "Angelina"}]

rp8p7i

t5_2qh3b

bb-wa

hq4e4uk

[{"role": "system", "content": "The Wayback Machine is a digital archive of the World Wide Web founded by the Internet Archive, an American nonprofit organization based in San Francisco, California. Created in 1996 and launched to the public in 2001, it allows the user to go \"back in time\" to see how websites looked in the past. Its founders, Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat, developed the Wayback Machine to provide \"universal access to all knowledge\" by preserving archived copies of defunct web pages.Launched on May 10, 1996, the Wayback Machine had saved more than 38.2 billion web pages at the end of 2009. As of January 3, 2024, the Wayback Machine has archived more than 860 billion web pages and well over 99 petabytes of data."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# \"The Wayback Machine is a digital archive of the World Wide Web. It allows the user to go \"back in time\" and see how websites looked in the past\"\n\n[Wayback Machine - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "It also allows you to bypass paywalls for articles in the present. It is an invaluable resource.", "name": "Kayla"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Honestly, that can really harm the Wayback Machine in the long run as organization's start setting up barriers to the wayback machine. Don't do it. Digital archival is more important than your convenience getting around a paywall.", "name": "Caitlin"}]

hhnu8h

t5_2umfr

squiddog23

fwb9zg0

[{"role": "system", "content": "Johnson is a surname of Anglo-Norman origin meaning \"Son of John\". It is the second most common in the United States. As a common family name in Scotland, Johnson is occasionally a variation of Johnston, a habitational name.\n\nLaVena Lynn Johnson (July 27, 1985 – July 19, 2005) was an E3 Private First Class in the United States Army. She was found dead in a tent. Her death was controversially ruled as a suicide but the evidence of rape and battery led her family to believe the United States Department of Defense covered it up."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Death of LaVena Johnson: in the US army overseas and was raped, beaten and murdered but covered up as a suicide\n\n[Death of LaVena Johnson - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_LaVena_Johnson)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "This has happened so many times in the Army. Less so nowadays but the 90's and early 2000's were really bad.\n\nMy friend is trying to find information on her sister, same situation, declared a suicide in Korea in like 2003.", "name": "Marcus"}, {"role": "user", "content": "There are two active cases on Ft. Hood right now, they just found the remains of one and are still searching for the latest.\n\nThe Army seems to be a complete shit show when it comes to stuff like this.", "name": "Jordan"}]

igmrxh

t5_2qh3b

slinkslowdown

g2wi0lg

[{"role": "system", "content": "Polio eradication, the permanent global cessation of circulation of the poliovirus and hence elimination of the poliomyelitis (polio) it causes, is the aim of a multinational public health effort begun in 1988, led by the World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the Rotary Foundation. These organizations, along with the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and The Gates Foundation, have spearheaded the campaign through the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI). Successful eradication of infectious diseases has been achieved twice before, with smallpox in humans and rinderpest in ruminants.Prevention of disease spread is accomplished by vaccination. There are two kinds of polio vaccine—oral polio vaccine (OPV), which uses weakened poliovirus, and inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), which is injected. OPV is less expensive and easier to administer, and can spread immunity beyond the person vaccinated, creating contact immunity. It has been the predominant vaccine used. However, under conditions of long-term vaccine virus circulation in under-vaccinated populations, mutations can reactivate the virus to produce a polio-inducing strain, while OPV can also, in rare circumstances, induce polio or persistent asymptomatic infection in vaccinated individuals, particularly those who are immunodeficient. Being inactivated, IPV is free of these risks but does not induce contact immunity. IPV is more costly and the logistics of delivery are more challenging.\nNigeria is the latest country to have officially stopped endemic transmission of wild poliovirus, with its last reported case in 2016. Wild poliovirus has been eradicated in all continents except Asia, and as of 2020, Afghanistan and Pakistan are the only two countries where the disease is still classified as endemic.Recent polio cases arise from two sources, the original \"wild\" poliovirus (WPV), and the much more prevalent mutated oral vaccine strains, known as circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV). Vaccines against each of the three wild strains of polio have given rise to strains of cVDPV, with cVDPV2 being most prominent. cVDPV caused 864 confirmed paralytic polio cases worldwide in 2022.There were 30 confirmed WPV cases in 2022, a decrease from 2019's 5-year high of 176, a 95.8% reduction from the 719 diagnosed cases in 2000 and a 99.91% reduction from the 35,251 reported cases when the eradication effort began in 1988. Total polio cases (combined wild and circulating vaccine-derived) have dropped 97.5% from 35,251 (reported) in 1988 to 894 (confirmed) in 2022. Of the three strains of WPV, the last recorded wild case caused by type 2 (WPV2) was in 1999, and WPV2 was declared eradicated in 2015. Type 3 (WPV3) is last known to have caused polio in 2012, and was declared eradicated in 2019. All wild-virus cases since that date have been due to type 1 (WPV1)."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# In June 2020, Nigeria was removed from the list of countries with endemic wild poliovirus, leaving only Pakistan and Afghanistan. In August 2020, the World Health Organization, certified the African continent free of wild poliovirus.\n\n[Polio eradication - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio_eradication#2020)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "That is incredible news. IIRC small pox is the only disease to ever be completely eradicated, so it sounds like Polio is in the running for the second.\n\nEdit:\n[Actually there have been two](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eradication_of_infectious_diseases)", "name": "Stephen"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "Yes, I always forget about rinderpest, actually. \n\nI really hope we can add polio as #3 within my lifetime."}]

dm4mpz

t5_2qh3b

KillerQ97

f4x7ylp

[{"role": "assistant", "content": "# I'm now the owner of this fantastically anachronistic device. Any other owners out there!?\n\n"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Whaaaaaat?!? How do I get one? Basic google search is unhelpful for purchasing.", "name": "Cesar"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I think they aren't in production at the moment. They still have a [website](http://thewikireader.com/) and you could probably find them for a good price on ebay. As mentioned in the techmoan review posted elsewhere in the thread, you would need to buy an unoffical sd card loaded up with a more recent snapshot of wikipedia or update it your self.", "name": "Amelia"}]

hq936p

t5_2qh3b

Aoae

fxwxkpf

[{"role": "system", "content": "The Recreation and Amusement Association (Japanese: 特殊慰安施設協会, Hepburn: Tokushu Ian Shisetsu Kyōkai, lit. 'Special Comfort Facility Association') or RAA, was the largest of the organizations established by Japanese authorities to provide organized prostitution to prevent rapes and sexual violence by Allied occupation troops on the general population, and to create other leisure facilities for occupying Allied troops immediately following World War II. The RAA \"recruited\" 55,000 women and was short-lived."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# After the occupation of Japan in 1945, the Japanese authorities set up the Recreation and Amusement Association, which provided organized prostitution services to Allied occupation troops. While it only lasted for about a year, about 50,000 women worked for the RAA during its lifetime.\n\n[Recreation and Amusement Association - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Comfort_Facility_Association)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "There is a great interview of a comfort woman on YouTube by Asain Boss. I think of her every so often. Her life was ruined", "name": "Kennedy"}, {"role": "user", "content": "The video in question, it's difficult to watch at parts: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qsT97ax_Xb0", "name": "Aaron"}]

l9vx79

t5_2umfr

make-that-monet

gln9hq8

[{"role": "system", "content": "The murder of Scott Amedure occurred on March 9, 1995, at his mobile home in Lake Orion, Michigan. The 32-year-old was killed by 24-year-old Jonathan Schmitz, three days after the men appeared as guests for a taping of an episode of the tabloid talk show The Jenny Jones Show. Amedure had publicly revealed in the episode that he had a crush on Schmitz, who claimed that he was straight but flattered by the revelation. On the morning of March 9, Amedure left a sexually suggestive note on Schmitz's apartment doorstep. In response, Schmitz purchased a 12-gauge shotgun, confronted Amedure at his home, and fired two shots into Amedure's chest. Schmitz called 911 to report the killing and he was subsequently arrested.\nSchmitz was charged with first-degree murder. He utilized the gay panic defense, in which he claimed that he killed Amedure over embarrassment over the revelation of a same-sex crush. Schmitz was found guilty of second-degree murder.\nThe Amedure family sued The Jenny Jones Show for wrongful death, although the show was ultimately found to not be liable. Amedure and Schmitz's appearance on The Jenny Jones Show was shelved, although it was later shown to jurors during the civil trial against The Jenny Jones Show."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Scott Amedure was a gay man in the 1990s who was invited onto an entertainment talk show for a segment in which guests would reveal their secret crush. Amedure confessed to feelings for a straight male friend, Jonathan Schmitz, who would go on to shoot and kill Amedure just 3 days after the taping.\n\n[Murder of Scott Amedure - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Scott_Amedure)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "[deleted]"}, {"role": "user", "content": "especially considering there was ample evidence that the killer/\"straight\" co-worker actually hooked up with Amedure and had sexual relations with him prior to murdering him.", "name": "Nathaniel"}]

y7gws6

t5_7811nr

slinkslowdown

isuwi3w

[{"role": "system", "content": "Wikipedia is a free-content online encyclopedia written and maintained by a community of volunteers, known as Wikipedians, through open collaboration and the use of the wiki-based editing system MediaWiki. Wikipedia is the largest and most-read reference work in history. It is consistently ranked as one of the ten most popular websites in the world, and as of 2024 is ranked the fifth most visited website on the Internet by Semrush. Founded by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger on January 15, 2001, Wikipedia is hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation, an American nonprofit organization that employs a staff of over 700 people.Initially only available in English, editions in other languages have been developed. Wikipedia's editions, when combined, comprise more than 62 million articles, attracting around 2 billion unique device visits per month and more than 14 million edits per month (about 5.2 edits per second on average) as of November 2023. Roughly 26% of Wikipedia's traffic is from the United States, followed by Japan at 5.9%, the United Kingdom at 5.4%, Germany at 5%, Russia at 4.8%, and the remaining 54% split among other countries, according to data provided by Similarweb.Wikipedia has been praised for its enablement of the democratization of knowledge, extent of coverage, unique structure, and culture. It has been criticized for exhibiting systemic bias, particularly gender bias against women and geographical bias against the Global South (Eurocentrism). While the reliability of Wikipedia was frequently criticized in the 2000s it has improved over time, receiving greater praise from the late 2010s onward while becoming an important fact-checking site.Wikipedia has been censored by some national governments, ranging from specific pages to the entire site. Articles on breaking news are often accessed as sources for frequently updated information about those events.\n\nSeedfeeder is a pseudonymous illustrator known for contributing sexually explicit drawings to Wikipedia. Between 2008 and 2012, the artist created 48 depictions of various sex acts. Seedfeeder's illustrations garnered mixed reactions: some Wikipedia editors claimed they contained racist and sexist undertones, while Andy Cush of Gawker called him \"Wikipedia's greatest artist of sex acts\". Artnet columnist Paddy Johnson listed Seedfeeder's work as one of the \"Top 10 Digital Artworks of 2014\"."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Seedfeeder is a pseudonymous illustrator known for contributing sexually explicit drawings to Wikipedia. Between 2008 and 2012, the artist created 48 depictions of various sex acts.\n\n[Seedfeeder - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seedfeeder)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "The bit about Marie Antoinette taking a lesbian lover because her husband sucked in bed is pretty cool. (Under: tribbing)", "name": "Jasmine"}]

zr47ur

t5_2qh3b

Socio-Kessler_Syndrm

j13y7fq

[{"role": "system", "content": "Xmas (also X-mas) is a common abbreviation of the word Christmas. It is sometimes pronounced , but Xmas, and variants such as Xtemass, originated as handwriting abbreviations for the typical pronunciation . The 'X' comes from the Greek letter Chi, which is the first letter of the Greek word Christós (Greek: Χριστός, translit. Khristós, lit. \"anointed, covered in oil\"), which became Christ in English.\nThe suffix -mas is from the Latin-derived Old English word for Mass.There is a common misconception that the word Xmas stems from a secularizing tendency to de-emphasize the religious tradition of Christmas, by taking the 'Christ' out of \"Christmas\". Nevertheless, the term's usage dates back to the 16th century,and corresponds to Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Church of England, and Episcopalian liturgical use of various forms of chi-rho monogram. In English, \"X\" was first used as a scribal abbreviation for \"Christ\" in 1100; \"X'temmas\" is attested in 1551, and \"Xmas\" in 1721."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# There is a common misconception that the word Xmas stems from a secularizing tendency to de-emphasize the religious tradition from Christmas; in reality, this usage dates back to the 16th century, with the \"X\" deriving from the New-Testament Greek spelling of \"christos.\"\n\n[Xmas - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xmas)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Yes, and as my high school Latin teacher told us, having the word represented by just its first letter signifies it as *more* sacred, not less", "name": "Jada"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Im just being lazy: Its quicker to type and easier to say.", "name": "Megan"}]

gsx4bd

t5_2qh3b

ChuVii

fs847x2

[{"role": "assistant", "content": "# A more fitting title \n\n"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Surely the word \"murder\" would be more appropriate.", "name": "William"}, {"role": "user", "content": "That would be more appropriate, but they'll hide behind \"murder is dictated by the courts\"\n\n​\n\nIt is, however, undeniably a killing by their own standards.", "name": "Wesley"}, {"role": "user", "content": "To me, it was clearly murder. \n\nBut for Wikipedia to have any encyclopedic integrity, using the term murder would be editorializing, unless murder was confirmed by a jury or used by the coroner.\n\nRefusing to editorialize isnt hiding behind the courts, its integral to remaining an objective source. \n\nIts notable that the Wiki entry for Eric Garner is Death of Eric Garner, a situation where the accused police officer was found not-guilty, but the county medical examiner ruled it a homicide.", "name": "Lillian"}]

pcqpua

t5_2umfr

somnum_osseus

hamdkj8

[{"role": "assistant", "content": "# Keith Blakelock, a London Metropolitan Police constable, was murdered on 6 October 1985 during rioting at a housing estate in Tottenham. Surrounded by a mob of around 50 people, he received over 40 injuries from by machetes, and was found with a 6-inch-long knife in his neck, buried up to the hilt.\n\n[Murder of Keith Blakelock - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Keith_Blakelock?wprov=sfla1)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "The riot was sparked by people reacting against institutional police racism and violence. The day before Blakelock died the Met Police arrested a black man for allegedly not paying his car tax. They then broke into his house and assaulted his mother who subsequently died. Another black woman, Cherry Groce, was shot by police and paralysed for life only a few days earlier. Thats the creepy part, post that.", "name": "Elizabeth"}, {"role": "user", "content": "They can both be equally as creepy and disgusting.", "name": "Hayden"}]

mgixg1

t5_2qh3b

Snozed

gstfjlt

[{"role": "system", "content": "A filibuster (from the Spanish filibustero), also known as a freebooter, is someone who engages in an unauthorized military expedition into a foreign country or territory to foster or support a political revolution or secession. The term is usually applied to United States citizens who incited insurrections across Latin America, particularly in the mid-19th century, usually with the goal of establishing an American-loyal regime that could later be annexed into the United States. Probably the most notable example is the Filibuster War initiated by William Walker in Nicaragua in the 1850s.\nFilibusters are irregular soldiers who act without official authorization from their own government, and are generally motivated by financial gain, political ideology, or the thrill of adventure. Unlike mercenaries, filibusters are independently motivated and work for themselves, whilst a mercenary leader operates on behalf of others. The freewheeling actions of the filibusters of the 1850s led to the name being applied figuratively to the political act of filibustering in the United States Congress."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# A filibuster is someone who engages in an unauthorized military expedition into a foreign country to support a political revolution. Filibusters are soldiers who act without official authority from their government and are motivated by financial gain, political ideology, or the thrill of adventure.\n\n[Filibuster (military) - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filibuster_(military))"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "Two examples:\n\n[The Lopez Expedition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lopez_Expedition) of 1851 was an attempt led by Narciso Lpez to invade and seize control of Cuba which was then part of the Spanish Empire. The force compromising 420 Cuban emigres and American volunteers landed in western Cuba, where the invaders were defeated and captured by the Spanish forces.\n\n[The Filibuster War ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filibuster_War) or Walker affair was a military conflict between filibustering multinational troops stationed in Nicaragua and a coalition of Central American armies. An American, William Walker, briefly invaded Nicaragua in 1855 with a small army. He seized control of the country by 1856 but was ousted the following year."}, {"role": "user", "content": "Wow, I didn't realise that the Bay of Pigs had an 1851 predecessor.", "name": "Alexandra"}]

fnntsh

t5_2umfr

ieatspacedust

flb434l

[{"role": "assistant", "content": "# What are some deep rabbit holes to get lost in during quarantine?\n\n"}, {"role": "user", "content": "this wiki hole is always a favorite of mine\n\n\nhttps://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_people_who_disappeared", "name": "Amy"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I haven't been to this list in a while and I'm sure there are new rabbit holes for me to fall down! It was where I first learned about Amy Lynn Bradley. She's haunted me every since.", "name": "Allison"}]

wgq6rl

t5_2qh3b

Iamsodarncool

ij2cvlz

[{"role": "system", "content": "Noah () appears as the last of the Antediluvian patriarchs in the traditions of Abrahamic religions. His story appears in the Hebrew Bible (Book of Genesis, chapters 5–9), the Quran and Baha'i writings. Noah is referenced in various other books of the Bible, including the New Testament, and in associated deuterocanonical books.\nThe Genesis flood narrative is among the best-known stories of the Bible. In this account, Noah labored faithfully to build the Ark at God's command, ultimately saving not only his own family, but mankind itself and all land animals, from extinction during the Flood, which God created after regretting that the world was full of sin. Afterwards, God made a covenant with Noah and promised never again to destroy all the Earth's creatures with a flood. Noah is also portrayed as a \"tiller of the soil\" and as a drinker of wine. After the flood, God commands Noah and his sons to \"be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth\".\n\nA flood myth or a deluge myth is a myth in which a great flood, usually sent by a deity or deities, destroys civilization, often in an act of divine retribution. Parallels are often drawn between the flood waters of these myths and the primaeval waters which appear in certain creation myths, as the flood waters are described as a measure for the cleansing of humanity, in preparation for rebirth. Most flood myths also contain a culture hero, who \"represents the human craving for life\".The flood-myth motif occurs in many cultures, including the manvantara-sandhya in Hinduism, Deucalion and Pyrrha in Greek mythology, the Genesis flood narrative, the Mesopotamian flood stories, and the Cheyenne flood story."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Flood myths (such as the story of Noah's Ark) are found in dozens of cultures around the world. Historians speculate that these are accounts of real ancient floods which have survived to this day, such as the melting of the glaciers at the end of the last Ice Age 11,700 years ago.\n\n[Flood myth - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood_myth)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Heard a theory that basically at one point in time a massive human population lived around the Black Sea during the last ice age. There was a massive ice dam that melted and flooded the black sea covering cities all along the shoreline, the diaspora that followed spread the flood myth in multiple cultures. There is archeological evidence of all of this.", "name": "Justin"}, {"role": "user", "content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sea_deluge_hypothesis", "name": "Jayden"}]

j0a5ve

t5_2umfr

unknownerror1916

g6q2mte

[{"role": "system", "content": "The Mummies of Guanajuato are a number of naturally mummified bodies originally interred in Guanajuato, Mexico.\nThe human bodies appear to have been disinterred between 1870 and 1958. During that time, a local tax was in place requiring a fee to be paid for \"perpetual\" burial. Some bodies for which the tax was not paid were disinterred, and some—apparently those in the best condition—were stored in a nearby building. The climate of Guanajuato provides an environment which can lead to a type of natural mummification, although scientific studies later revealed that some bodies had been at least partially embalmed.\nBy the 1900s the mummies began attracting tourists. Cemetery workers began charging people a few pesos to enter the building where bones and mummies were stored.This place was subsequently turned into a museum called El Museo de las Momias (\"The Museum of the Mummies\") in 1969. As of 2007, 59 mummies were on display, of a collection that totals 111."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Screaming Mummies of Guanajuato - due to the cholera pandemic many bodies were buried immediately to control the spread of the disease. It is thought that in some cases, the dying may have been buried alive by accident, resulting in horrific facial expressions.\n\n[Mummies of Guanajuato - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mummies_of_Guanajuato)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "[deleted]"}, {"role": "user", "content": "How does someone's heart stop for a DAY without them dying??", "name": "Gracie"}, {"role": "user", "content": "It doesn't stop. But there are conditions where you would not be able to feel it or hear it on a stethoscope or by ear.", "name": "Garrett"}]

g4c964

t5_2qh3b

Boardallday

fnx3jxw

[{"role": "system", "content": "The Oklahoma City bombing was a domestic terrorist truck bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States, on April 19, 1995, the second anniversary of the end to the Waco siege. The bombing was the deadliest act of terrorism in U.S. history prior to the September 11 attacks in 2001, and remains the deadliest act of domestic terrorism in U.S. history. On April 19, 2000, the Oklahoma City National Memorial was dedicated on the site of the Murrah Federal Building, commemorating the victims of the bombing. Remembrance services are held every year on April 19, at the time of the explosion.\nPerpetrated by anti-government extremists Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols, the bombing occurred at 9:02 a.m. and killed 168 people, injured 680, and destroyed more than one-third of the building, which had to be demolished. The blast destroyed or damaged 324 other buildings and caused an estimated $652 million worth of damage. Local, state, federal, and worldwide agencies engaged in extensive rescue efforts in the wake of the bombing. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) activated 11 of its Urban Search and Rescue Task Forces, consisting of 665 rescue workers.Within 90 minutes of the explosion, McVeigh was stopped by Oklahoma Highway Patrolman Charlie Hanger for driving without a license plate and arrested for illegal weapons possession. Forensic evidence quickly linked McVeigh and Nichols to the attack; Nichols was arrested, and within days, both were charged. Michael and Lori Fortier were later identified as accomplices. McVeigh, a veteran of the Gulf War and a sympathizer with the U.S. militia movement, had detonated a Ryder rental truck full of explosives he parked in front of the building. Nichols had assisted with the bomb's preparation. Motivated by his dislike for the U.S. federal government and its handling of Ruby Ridge in 1992 and the Waco siege in 1993, McVeigh timed his attack to coincide with the second anniversary of the fire that ended the siege in Waco.The official FBI investigation, known as \"OKBOMB\", involved 28,000 interviews, 3,200 kg of evidence, and nearly one billion pieces of information. When the FBI raided McVeigh's home, it found a telephone number that led them to a farm where McVeigh had purchased supplies for the bombing. The bombers were tried and convicted in 1997. McVeigh was executed by lethal injection on June 11, 2001, at the U.S. federal penitentiary in Terre Haute, Indiana. Nichols was sentenced to life in prison in 2004. In response to the bombing, the U.S. Congress passed the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, which limited access to habeas corpus in the United States, among other provisions. It also passed legislation to increase the protection around federal buildings to deter future terrorist attacks."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# The Oklahoma City bombing was a domestic terrorist truck bombing on the Alfred P. Murrah federal building on April 19th 1995, 25 years ago today. Until 9/11 it was the deadliest terrorist attack in the history of the US, and remains the deadliest act of domestic terrorism in US history.\n\n[Oklahoma City bombing - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma_City_bombing)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "My CSB: I was out camping alone in the desert when the OKC bombing happened. I was a skinny, 32 y.o. blonde male with short cropped hair.\n\nSo imagine my surprise seeing a police sketch of ME gracing the front page of every newspaper at the first town I stopped in on the way home. And I had absolutely no alibi for the past 5 days other than \"um...I was alone in the desert.\"", "name": "Valerie"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Daym,they probably investigated the shite out of ya...", "name": "Savannah"}]

g5go48

t5_2umfr

twenty_seven_owls

fo44ac3

[{"role": "system", "content": "Donald Charles Alfred Crowhurst (1932 – July 1969) was a British businessman and amateur sailor who disappeared while competing in the Sunday Times Golden Globe Race, a single-handed, round-the-world yacht race held in 1968–69. Soon after starting the race his boat, the Teignmouth Electron, began taking on water. Crowhurst secretly abandoned the race while reporting false positions in an attempt to appear to complete a circumnavigation without actually doing so. His ship's logbooks, found after his disappearance, suggest that the stress he was under and associated psychological deterioration may have led to his suicide.\nCrowhurst's participation in the race has exerted a fascination over many commentators and artists. It has inspired a number of books, stage plays and films, including a documentary, Deep Water (2006), and two feature films, Crowhurst and The Mercy (both 2017), in which Crowhurst is played by the actors Justin Salinger and Colin Firth, respectively. Teignmouth Electron ended its days as a dive boat in the Caribbean and its decaying remains can still be found in the dunes above a beach in the Cayman Islands."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Donald Crowhurst, an amateur sailor who apparently went insane and died while trying to win a round-the-world race by cheating\n\n[Donald Crowhurst - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Crowhurst)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "His mom dressed him like a girl until he was 7? No wonder the poor guy had issues!", "name": "Giovanni"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I read once that it was common for boys to wear dresses till a certain age like 100+ years ago", "name": "Angelina"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Yes but how many of them had mothers who deluded themselves into believing they had girls?", "name": "Victoria"}, {"role": "user", "content": "At least one", "name": "Aaliyah"}]

uztc8z

t5_2umfr

lightiggy

iadwmu8

[{"role": "system", "content": "6 (six) is the natural number following 5 and preceding 7. It is a composite number and the smallest perfect number.\n\nHorst Petri (March 18, 1913 – December 12, 1962) and Erna Petri (May 30, 1920 – July 2000) were married Nazi war criminals during World War II."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# In 1943, six Jewish boys escaped from a railcar bound for a death camp. They later came across Erna Petri, the wife of an SS officer. She took them home and fed them, then waited for her husband. When he didn't arrive, Erna personally took the boys out into the woods and shot them execution-style.\n\n[Horst and Erna Petri - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horst_and_Erna_Petri)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "She was indoctrination and didn't see jews as people, thats why she did it.", "name": "Karen"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Most people wouldn't treat an animal like that.", "name": "Charlotte"}]

17myiwq

t5_2qh3b

lightiggy

k7r9ams

[{"role": "system", "content": "The Barbary Wars were a series of two wars fought by the United States, Sweden, and the Kingdom of Sicily against the Barbary states (including Tunis, Algiers, and Tripoli) and Morocco of North Africa in the early 19th century. Sweden had been at war with the Tripolitans since 1800 and was joined by the newly independent US. The First Barbary War extended from 10 May 1801 to 10 June 1805, with the Second Barbary War lasting only three days, ending on 19 June 1815.\nThe wars were largely a reaction to piracy by the Barbary states. Since the 16th century, North African pirates had captured ships and even raided cities across the Mediterranean Sea. By the 19th century, pirate activity had declined, but Barbary pirates continued to demand tribute from American merchant vessels in the Mediterranean. Refusal to pay would result in the capture of American ships and goods, and often the enslavement or ransoming of crew members.\nAfter Thomas Jefferson became president of the US in March 1801, he sent a U.S. Navy fleet to the Mediterranean to combat the Barbary pirates. The fleet bombarded numerous fortified cities in present-day Libya, Tunisia, and Algeria, ultimately extracting concessions of safe conduct from the Barbary states and ending the first war. \nDuring the War of 1812, with the encouragement of the United Kingdom, the Barbary corsairs resumed their attacks on American vessels. Following the conclusion of the War of 1812 and America's peace with Britain, James Madison, Jefferson's successor, directed military forces against the Barbary states in the Second Barbary War. Lasting only three days, the second conflict ended the need for further tribute from the United States, granted the U.S. full shipping rights in the Mediterranean Sea, and significantly reduced incidence of piracy in the region."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Following America's independence, Barbary pirates started seizing American ships, which were no longer under British protection. Since the U.S. had no naval force, it agreed to pay tribute. The demands grew larger over time. By 1797, the U.S. was paying one-fifth of its entire annual budget.\n\n[Barbary Wars - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbary_Wars)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "[deleted]"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Not just for the slave market. Much if it was a hostage-taking operation in hopes of relatives paying ransoms to have their loved ones returned.", "name": "Brooklyn"}]

ghahz7

t5_2umfr

Captainirishy

fq7ov3q

[{"role": "system", "content": "Creutzfeldt may mean:\n\nHans Gerhard Creutzfeldt - German neuropathologist.\nOtto Detlev Creutzfeldt - German physiologist and neurologist, son of Hans Gerhard Creutzfeldt.\nCreutzfeldt–Jakob disease - degenerative CNS disorder, named after the authors who first described it."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Creutzfeldt-jakob disease, basically one of the worst diseases that somebody can be diagnosed with and it is 100% fatal.\n\n[Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creutzfeldt%E2%80%93Jakob_disease)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Yeah, in case you were already horrified by the prospect of developing Alzheimer's, here it is x100. You've got maybe a year before you're a hopeless vegetable. Luckily it only very rarely manifests spontaneously, as long as you avoid mad cows (and/or beef products derived from same) you don't really need to add it to the list of nightmares.", "name": "Edward"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "Prion Diseases are scary."}]

p3jvtp

t5_2qh3b

AtlasDjinn_

h8s5q96

[{"role": "system", "content": "Bedtime procrastination is a psychological phenomenon that involves needlessly and voluntarily delaying going to bed, despite foreseeably being worse off as a result. The causes of bedtime procrastination vary from losing sight of the time to staying up later than desired in an attempt to have control over the night due to a perceived lack of influence over events during the day. This latter phenomenon has recently been called revenge bedtime procrastination. The term originated on the Chinese social media platform Weibo in 2014. Bedtime procrastination has been linked to shorter sleep duration, poorer sleep quality and higher fatigue during the day.It is most often that people lack sleep not because they cannot fall asleep but because they do not put themselves in the best situation to fall asleep. This suggests that one of the main factors of bedtime procrastination is human behaviour."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Revenge Bedtime Procrastination - a phenomenon in which people who don't have much control over their daytime life refuse to sleep early in order to regain some sense of freedom during late night hours.\n\n[Bedtime procrastination - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedtime_procrastination)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Didn't know there was a name for it. I would tell my wife \"the next thing that happens after I got to sleep is I go to work\"", "name": "Josiah"}, {"role": "user", "content": "It's more fun to go to bed early and wake up a bit early and get some time to yourself in the morning. Listen to a podcast, scroll through twitter, take a walk, read a book, pet your cats, whatever.", "name": "Thomas"}, {"role": "user", "content": "This only works if you are not swamped with demands on your time the second people know you are awake. :)", "name": "Jaden"}]

b6y2dx

t5_2umfr

MyCommentIsNo

ejuhllq

[{"role": "system", "content": "Charles Joseph Whitman (June 24, 1941 – August 1, 1966) was an American mass murderer who became known as the \"Texas Tower Sniper\". On August 1, 1966, Whitman used knives to kill his mother and his wife in their respective homes, then went to the University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin) with multiple firearms and began indiscriminately shooting at people. He fatally shot three people inside UT Austin's Main Building, then accessed the 28th-floor observation deck on the building's clock tower. There, he fired at random people for 96 minutes, killing an additional eleven people and wounding 31 others before he was shot dead by Austin police officers. Whitman killed a total of sixteen people; the 16th victim died 35 years later from injuries sustained in the attack."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# \"To Whom It May Concern: I have just taken my mother's life. I am very upset over having done it. However, I feel that if there is a heaven she is definitely there now [...] I am truly sorry [...] Let there be no doubt in your mind that I loved this woman with all my heart.\"\n\n[Charles Whitman - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Whitman)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "It's really sad how much help he tried getting...", "name": "Juliana"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Agreed - I think if Whitman were alive today then this incident would never have occurred.", "name": "Danielle"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I hope this is true but they still miss some people that need help on occasion.", "name": "Melanie"}]

12j3xj5

t5_7811nr

slinkslowdown

jggbvin

[{"role": "assistant", "content": "# In the 21st century it came to light that one freelance artist commissioned to design biscuit tins for Huntley & Palmers had placed secret images in his designs, such as depictions of copulating dogs, copulating people, and a man with a cannabis joint.\n\n[Huntley & Palmers - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntley_%26_Palmers#Hidden_images)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "[Biscuit tin sex secrets revealed](https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/uk-england-berkshire-43671549/huntley-and-palmers-biscuit-tin-sex-secrets-revealed). BBC News, 8 April 2018. Embedded video.", "name": "Ryan"}]

gjcdsz

t5_2umfr

MeAndTheDiamonds

fqlbwv7

[{"role": "system", "content": "Joyce Carol Vincent (19 October 1965 – December 2003) was an English woman whose death went unnoticed for more than two years as her corpse lay undiscovered at her bedsit in north London. Prior to her death, she had cut off nearly all contact with those who knew her. She resigned from her job in 2001, and moved into a shelter for victims of domestic abuse. Around the same time, she began to reduce contact with friends and family. She died sometime in December 2003. Her remains were discovered on 25 January 2006, with the cause of death believed to be either an asthma attack or complications from a recent peptic ulcer.\nVincent's life and death were the topic of Dreams of a Life, a 2011 docudrama film. The film and Vincent's life inspired musician Steven Wilson's album Hand. Cannot. Erase."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Joyce Vincent, a lonely British woman dead in her bedsit for at least two years undiscovered.\n\n[Joyce Vincent - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joyce_Vincent)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "The fact that she was wrapping Christmas presents will always haunt me.\n\nShe cared enough for someone to get them a gift but no one cared enough to check on her. How lonely she must have been. \n\nIt is a great fear of mine to end this way. I hope that that there is peace for her in death that at least now people care enough to tell her story.", "name": "Wyatt"}, {"role": "user", "content": "If it helps, people *were* checking on her. Her family tried to find her through the Salvation Army, and even used a private detective.\n\nBasically, (understandably, for a victim of DV) she seemed to struggle with conflict and every time it came up in her life she just moved on. When the people who loved her didn't get a response from her flat, they just assumed she'd moved on again, hence hiring people to look for her.\n\nThe sadness in this story for me is that likely one of the reasons she disconnected from everyone who loved her is because she was so afraid of the person who abused her. If NOBODY knew where she was, s/he couldn't find her. Whoever that was, they were entirely responsible for this.", "name": "Mckenzie"}]

lyioz7

t5_2umfr

jsa4ever

gpt95ep

[{"role": "system", "content": "William Bradford Bishop Jr. (born August 1, 1936) is a former United States Foreign Service officer who has been a fugitive from justice since killing his wife, mother, and three sons in 1976. On April 10, 2014, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) placed him on the list of its Ten Most Wanted Fugitives. On June 27, 2018, Bishop, who at the time would have been 81 years old, was removed from the list, making room, the FBI said, for another \"dangerous fugitive\". However, he is still being actively pursued by the FBI, and an INTERPOL Red Notice is still in effect."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Bradford Bishop- former American Foreign Services officer who allegedly murdered his entire family in 1976, but has never been apprehended, despite several credible sightings. The FBI believes its plausible hes still alive and in plain sight in Europe.\n\n[Bradford Bishop - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradford_Bishop)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "That guy is a dick imo", "name": "Ian"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "Understatement of the day. "}]

xpm74u

t5_2umfr

TheyDoItForFree69

iq5fda7

[{"role": "system", "content": "Matthew Israel is a controversial American behavioral psychologist who is known for founding the Judge Rotenberg Center and inventing the Graduated Electronic Decelerator. As a freshman in college, Israel read B. F. Skinner's novel, Walden Two, in which the heroes build a utopia by conditioning the residents of a commune through the behaviorist principles of reward and punishment. Israel said that reading Walden Two was like a \"religious conversion\" for him. After reading the book, Israel devoted himself to making the utopia described in it a reality. Israel said that the period between reading the book and his first attempts to start the utopia was a very difficult time of his life. \"I thought about committing suicide,\" he said. \"If I couldn't bring a community into existence, [in] what sense was life worth living?\" Israel went on to study behaviorism under B. F. Skinner and to receive his Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1960.\nIn 1966, Israel attended a Walden Two conference, where he shared ideas with Walden Two enthusiasts about how to start the utopia. Israel created the Association of Social Design, an organization for people trying to create behaviorist communities on the principles laid out in Walden Two. In 1967 Israel tried for the first time to build a utopia modeled after Walden Two by starting a small communal house in Arlington. While at the house, Israel met a 3-year-old resident whose mother allowed him to perform behavioral experiments on her. Israel learned that with the use of punishment, he could control and reshape her behavior as he desired. When his first attempt to build a utopia failed, he tried a second time. The second attempt also quickly failed. Israel believed that the reason the experiments had failed was because he had too little control over the participants, and because they all had the option to move out.\nIsrael then decided to build a school for people with disabilities, as he knew that he would be able to practice behaviorism on them with very few restrictions. After starting the Judge Rotenberg Educational Center, he gave up on further attempts to build a utopia because he was getting so much satisfaction from running the school. The school has since been condemned for torture by the United Nations special rapporteur on torture. In 2011, Israel was indicted on criminal charges of child endangerment, obstructing justice, and acting as an accessory after the fact. He was forced to resign his position at the JRC as part of a plea deal to avoid prosecution."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Matthew Israel - A behavioral psychologist who believed he could create a perfect society if it was completely controlled by the behaviorist principles of reward and punishment. He put his theory into practice by running a school for people with disabilities leading to with awful results.\n\n[Matthew Israel - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Israel)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Hardcore behaviorism was super fucked up. John Watson i.e. the guy who did the little Albert experiment, never told his children he loved them or showed them any affection. Both his sons tried to kill themselves and one succeeded.", "name": "Ivan"}, {"role": "user", "content": "His daughter also attempted suicide. He had 4 children in total.", "name": "Eva"}]

m926py

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lindeby

grlyc2x

[{"role": "system", "content": "Japan is an island country in East Asia. It is in the northwest Pacific Ocean and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north toward the East China Sea, Philippine Sea, and Taiwan in the south. Japan is a part of the Ring of Fire, and spans an archipelago of 14,125 islands, with the five main islands being Hokkaido, Honshu (the \"mainland\"), Shikoku, Kyushu, and Okinawa. Tokyo is the country's capital and largest city, followed by Yokohama, Osaka, Nagoya, Sapporo, Fukuoka, Kobe, and Kyoto.\nJapan has over 125 million inhabitants and is the 11th most populous country in the world, as well as one of the most densely populated. About three-fourths of the country's terrain is mountainous, concentrating its highly urbanized population on narrow coastal plains. Japan is divided into 47 administrative prefectures and eight traditional regions. The Greater Tokyo Area is the most populous metropolitan area in the world. Japan has the world's highest life expectancy, although it is experiencing a population decline due to its very low birth rate.\nJapan has been inhabited since the Upper Paleolithic period (30,000 BC). Between the fourth and ninth centuries AD, the kingdoms of Japan became unified under an emperor and the imperial court based in Heian-kyō. Beginning in the 12th century, political power was held by a series of military dictators (shōgun) and feudal lords (daimyō), and enforced by a class of warrior nobility (samurai). After a century-long period of civil war, the country was reunified in 1603 under the Tokugawa shogunate, which enacted an isolationist foreign policy. In 1854, a United States fleet forced Japan to open trade to the West, which led to the end of the shogunate and the restoration of imperial power in 1868. In the Meiji period, the Empire of Japan adopted a Western-modeled constitution, and pursued a program of industrialization and modernization. Amidst a rise in militarism and overseas colonization, Japan invaded China in 1937 and entered World War II as an Axis power in 1941. After suffering defeat in the Pacific War and two atomic bombings, Japan surrendered in 1945 and came under a seven-year Allied occupation, during which it adopted a new constitution.\nUnder the 1947 constitution, Japan has maintained a unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy with a bicameral legislature, the National Diet. Japan is a developed country and a great power, with one of the largest economies by nominal GDP. Japan has renounced its right to declare war, though it maintains a Self-Defense Force that ranks as one of the world's strongest militaries. A global leader in the automotive, robotics, and electronics industries, the country has made significant contributions to science and technology, and is one of the world's largest exporters and importers. It is part of multiple major international and intergovernmental institutions.\nJapan is a cultural superpower as the culture of Japan is well known around the world, including its art, cuisine, film, music, and popular culture, which encompasses prominent manga, anime, and video game industries.\n\nThe capybara or greater capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) is a giant cavy rodent native to South America. It is the largest living rodent and a member of the genus Hydrochoerus. The only other extant member is the lesser capybara (Hydrochoerus isthmius). Its close relatives include guinea pigs and rock cavies, and it is more distantly related to the agouti, the chinchilla, and the nutria. The capybara inhabits savannas and dense forests, and lives near bodies of water. It is a highly social species and can be found in groups as large as 100 individuals, but usually live in groups of 10–20 individuals. The capybara is hunted for its meat and hide and also for grease from its thick fatty skin."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Multiple establishments or zoos in Japan that raise capybaras have adopted the practice of having them relax in onsen during the winter. Capybaras became big in Japan due to the popular cartoon character Kapibara-san.\n\n[Capybara - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capybara)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "In Japan, onsen are the country's hot springs and the bathing facilities and traditional inns around them. As a volcanically active country, Japan has thousands of onsens scattered throughout all of its major islands.", "name": "Eric"}, {"role": "user", "content": "This is a quote from:\n\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onsen?wprov=sfti1", "name": "Layla"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Yes, directly. I had to look it up and thought that others might appreciate not having to. Should I have provided the reference?", "name": "Peyton"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Thank you &\n\nYes. Please always provide references", "name": "Caroline"}, {"role": "user", "content": "No. \n\nShakespeare, W. Hamlet, Act III, Scene 1, Line 96.", "name": "Angel"}]

uvlspu

t5_2umfr

lightiggy

i9mf6nc

[{"role": "system", "content": "The 2008 Chinese milk scandal was a significant food safety incident in China. The scandal involved Sanlu Group's milk and infant formula along with other food materials and components being adulterated with the chemical melamine, which resulted in kidney stones and other kidney damage in infants. The chemical was used to increase the nitrogen content of diluted milk, giving it the appearance of higher protein content in order to pass quality control testing. 300,000 affected children were identified, among which 54,000 were hospitalized, according to the latest report in January 2009. The deaths of six babies were officially concluded to be related to the contaminated milk.The timeline of the scandal dated back to December 2007, when Sanlu began to receive complaints about kidney stones. One of the more notable early complaints was made on 20 May 2008, when a mother posted online after she learnt that Sanlu donated the milk she had been complaining about to the orphans of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. Also on 20 May, the problem reached Sanlu's Board meeting the first time and they ordered multiple third-party tests. The culprit, melamine, was undetected in the tests until 1 August. On 2 August, Sanlu's Board decided to issue a trade recall to the wholesalers but did not inform the wholesalers the product was contaminated; however, Shijiazhuang's deputy mayor, who was invited to attend, rejected trade recall and instructed the Board to \"shut the mouths of the victims by money\", \"wait until the end of 2008 Beijing Olympics to end smoothly and then the provincial police would hunt the perpetrators\". New Zealand dairy giant Fonterra, which owned a 43% stake in Sanlu, were alerted to the contamination on 2 August's Board meeting. Fonterra alerted the New Zealand government and the NZ government confronted the Chinese government on 8 September. The Chinese government made the scandal public on 13 September. After the initial focus on Sanlu, further government inspections revealed that products from 21 other companies were also tainted, including those from Arla Foods–Mengniu, Yili, and Yashili. While more and more cases reached hospitals around the nation from December 2007, the first report to the government by any hospital was made on 16 July.The issue raised concerns about food safety and political corruption in China and damaged the reputation of the country's food exports. The World Health Organization called the incident \"deplorable\" and at least 11 foreign countries halted all imports of Chinese dairy products. A number of trials were conducted by the Chinese government resulting in two executions, three sentences of life imprisonment, two 15-year prison sentences, and the firing or forced resignation of seven local government officials and the Director of the Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ). The former chairwoman of China's Sanlu dairy was sentenced to life in prison.In late October 2008, similar adulteration with melamine was discovered in eggs and possibly other food. The source was traced to melamine being added to animal feed, despite a ban imposed in June 2007 following the scandal over pet food ingredients exported to the United States."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# In 2008, a Chinese dairy company intentionally tainted baby formula to increase their profits and pass quality control tests. At least six infants died and hundreds of thousands of more got sick. The government would try 21 people, drive the company to bankruptcy, and auction off its assets.\n\n[2008 Chinese milk scandal - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Chinese_milk_scandal)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "If this happened in America, the CEO would be elected to senate.", "name": "Chloe"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "It depends on how much power the company has.\n\n[Stewart Parnell, a peanut company CEO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peanut_Corporation_of_America) did something similar in the United States and was sentenced to nearly 30 years in federal prison. His brother, Michael Parnell, was sentenced to 20 years in prison.\n\nThe Parnell brothers were convicted of dozens of counts of wire fraud, shipment fraud, introducing mislabeled food into interstate commerce, and obstruction of justice.\n\nThe plant's former quality assurance manager, Mary Wilkerson, was sentenced to five years in prison for obstruction of justice. Managers Samuel Lightsey and Daniel Kilgore were sentenced to three and six years in prison, respectively, as cooperating witnesses.\n\nThat said, these folks, while rich, were still running a small company. Massive companies like Nestle, which regularly commit atrocities, are basically untouchable."}]

nhr6ng

t5_2qh3b

lovinnow

gyxwgcr

[{"role": "system", "content": "Norway (Bokmål: Norge, Nynorsk: Noreg), formally the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe, situated on the Scandinavian Peninsula. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard also form part of Norway. Bouvet Island, located in the Subantarctic, is a dependency; Norway also claims the Antarctic territories of Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land. The capital and largest city in Norway is Oslo.\nNorway has a total area of 385,207 square kilometres (148,729 sq mi) and had a population of 5,488,984 in January 2023. The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden. It is bordered by Finland and Russia to the northeast and the Skagerrak strait to the south. Norway has an extensive coastline facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea. Harald V of the House of Glücksburg is the current King. Jonas Gahr Støre has been Prime Minister since 2021. As a unitary state with a constitutional monarchy, Norway divides state power between the parliament, the cabinet, and the supreme court, as determined by the 1814 constitution. The unified kingdom of Norway was established in 872 as a merger of petty kingdoms and has existed continuously for 1151–1152 years. From 1537 to 1814, Norway was part of Denmark–Norway, and, from 1814 to 1905, it was in a personal union with Sweden. Norway was neutral during the First World War, and in the Second World War until April 1940 when it was invaded and occupied by Nazi Germany until the end of the war.\nNorway has both administrative and political subdivisions on two levels: counties and municipalities. The Sámi people have a certain amount of self-determination and influence over traditional territories through the Sámi Parliament and the Finnmark Act. Norway maintains close ties with the European Union and the United States. Norway is a founding member of the United Nations, NATO, the European Free Trade Association, the Council of Europe, the Antarctic Treaty, and the Nordic Council; a member of the European Economic Area, the WTO, and the OECD; and a part of the Schengen Area. The Norwegian dialects share mutual intelligibility with Danish and Swedish.\nNorway maintains the Nordic welfare model with universal health care and a comprehensive social security system, and its values are rooted in egalitarian ideals. The Norwegian state has large ownership positions in key industrial sectors, having extensive reserves of petroleum, natural gas, minerals, lumber, seafood, and fresh water. The petroleum industry accounts for around a quarter of the country's gross domestic product (GDP). On a per-capita basis, Norway is the world's largest producer of oil and natural gas outside of the Middle East. The country has the fourth-highest per-capita income in the world on the World Bank and IMF lists. It has the world's largest sovereign wealth fund, with a value of US$1.3 trillion.\n\nRehabilitation is the process of re-educating those who have committed a crime and preparing them to re-enter society. The goal is to address all of the underlying root causes of crime in order to decrease the rate of recidivism once inmates are released from prison. It generally involves psychological approaches which target the cognitive distortions associated with specific kinds of crime committed by individual offenders, but it may also entail more general education like reading skills and career training. The goal is to re-integrate offenders back into society."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Norway's prison system is based on the principle of normalization and away from retribution to focus on rehabilitation. Norway's methods is evident as they hold the lowest recidivism at 20% in comparison to the UK that has reconviction rates of more than 70%.\n\n[Rehabilitation (penology) - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rehabilitation_(penology))"}, {"role": "user", "content": "[deleted]"}, {"role": "user", "content": "So youre telling me there will be no Law and Order: Special Vikings Unit?", "name": "Jake"}]

f9gfya

t5_2umfr

klitmania

fis3tt0

[{"role": "system", "content": "Phineas P. Gage (1823–1860) was an American railroad construction foreman remembered for his improbable[B1]: 19  survival of an accident in which a large iron rod was driven completely through his head, destroying much of his brain's left frontal lobe, and for that injury's reported effects on his personality and behavior over the remaining 12 years of his life‍—‌effects sufficiently profound that friends saw him (for a time at least) as \"no longer Gage\".\n\nLong known as the \"American Crowbar Case\"‍—‌once termed \"the case which more than all others is cal­cu­lated to excite our wonder, impair the value of prognosis, and even to subvert our phys­i­o­log­i­cal doctrines\" ‍—‌Phineas Gage influenced 19th-century discussion about the mind and brain, par­tic­u­larly debate on cerebral local­i­za­tion,​​[M]: ch7-9 [B] and was perhaps the first case to suggest the brain's role in deter­min­ing per­son­al­ity, and that damage to specific parts of the brain might induce specific mental changes.\nGage is a fixture in the curricula of neurology, psychology, and neuroscience,​​[M7]: 149  one of \"the great medical curiosities of all time\"[M8] and \"a living part of the medical folklore\" [R]: 637  frequently mentioned in books and scientific papers;[M]: ch14  he even has a minor place in popular culture. Despite this celebrity, the body of established fact about Gage and what he was like (whether before or after his injury) is small, which has allowed \"the fitting of almost any theory [desired] to the small number of facts we have\" [M]: 290 ‍—‌Gage acting as a \"Rorschach inkblot\"  in which proponents of various conflicting theories of the brain all saw support for their views. Historically, published accounts of Gage (including scientific ones) have almost always severely exaggerated and distorted his behavioral changes, frequently contradicting the known facts.\nA report of Gage's physical and mental condition shortly before his death implies that his most serious mental changes were temporary, so that in later life he was far more functional, and socially far better adapted, than in the years immediately following his accident. A social recovery hypothesis suggests that his work as a stagecoach driver in Chile fostered this recovery by providing daily structure that allowed him to regain lost social and personal skills."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Phineas Gage, the man who had a 1-3/4 diameter steel rod shot through his skull during a work accident and lived. A legend in the medical community to this day\n\n[Phineas Gage - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phineas_Gage)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "He was way more handsome than I was left to believe. Poor fellow. His life afterwards was awful.", "name": "Javier"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "My first thought was how handsome he was too! Would be such a tough existence for those 12 years, especially living before the civil war took place"}]

rbbdd8

t5_2qh3b

Jamesos-

hnofrcb

[{"role": "system", "content": "Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's second-largest country by total area, with the world's longest coastline. Its border with the United States is the world's longest international land border. The country is characterized by a wide range of both meteorologic and geological regions. It is a sparsely inhabited country of 40 million people, the vast majority residing south of the 55th parallel in urban areas. Canada's capital is Ottawa and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.\nIndigenous peoples have continuously inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years. Beginning in the 16th century, British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast. As a consequence of various armed conflicts, France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom, highlighted by the Statute of Westminster, 1931, and culminating in the Canada Act 1982, which severed the vestiges of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom.\nCanada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy in the Westminster tradition. The country's head of government is the prime minister, who holds office by virtue of their ability to command the confidence of the elected House of Commons and is \"called upon\" by the governor general, representing the monarch of Canada, the head of state. The country is a Commonwealth realm and is officially bilingual (English and French) in the federal jurisdiction. It is very highly ranked in international measurements of government transparency, quality of life, economic competitiveness, innovation, education and gender equality. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration. Canada's long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its history, economy, and culture.\nA developed country, Canada has a high nominal per capita income globally and its advanced economy ranks among the largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources and well-developed international trade networks. Canada is recognized as a middle power for its role in international affairs, with a tendency to pursue multilateral and international solutions. Canada's peacekeeping role during the 20th century has had a significant influence on its global image. Canada is part of multiple international organizations and forums.\n\nA suckling pig is a piglet fed on its mother's milk (i.e., a piglet which is still a \"suckling\"). In culinary contexts, a suckling pig is slaughtered between the ages of two and six weeks. It is traditionally cooked whole, often roasted, in various cuisines. It is usually prepared for special occasions and gatherings. The most popular preparation can be found in Spain and Portugal under the name lechón (Spanish) or leitão (Portuguese).\nThe meat from suckling pig is pale and tender and the cooked skin is crisp and can be used for pork rinds. The texture of the meat can be somewhat gelatinous due to the amount of collagen in a young pig."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# \"Practices such as \"thumping,\" killing piglets by repeatedly swinging them against a concrete wall or floor, is a legal method of euthanasia on hog farms in Canada, the US and European countries\"\n\n[Suckling pig - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suckling_pig#Controversy)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I can't speak for hog farms specifically, but most large scale slaughter houses use electric shock or a captive bolt gun to knock the animal unconscious. Then they kill they kill the animal by cutting it's throat. Thumping is a pretty inefficient process and uncommon in most large slaughter houses.", "name": "Cassandra"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I have a friend who worked in a pig farm specifically breeding and births. He said this is only done when they are born with major defectives or clearly dying right after being born. It isnt done on mature pigs or piglets that can be moved or taken for medical attention. Its done in lost cause scenarios where the alternative would be letting them die on their own over time or having them die as you try to remove them.", "name": "Alejandro"}]

13d6jqd

t5_2qh3b

Pupikal

jjlgryl

[{"role": "system", "content": "More than 160 monuments and memorials to the Confederate States of America (CSA; the Confederacy) and associated figures have been removed from public spaces in the United States, all but five since 2015. Some have been removed by state and local governments; others have been torn down by protestors.\nMore than 700 such monuments and memorials have been created on public land, the vast majority in the South during the era of Jim Crow laws from 1877 to 1964. Efforts to remove them increased after the Charleston church shooting in 2015, the Unite the Right rally in 2017, and the murder of George Floyd in 2020.Proponents of their removal cite historical analysis that the monuments were not built as memorials, but to intimidate African Americans and reaffirm white supremacy after the Civil War; and that they memorialize an unrecognized, treasonous government, the Confederacy, whose founding principle was the perpetuation and expansion of slavery. They also argue that the presence of these memorials more than a hundred years after the defeat of the Confederacy continues to disenfranchise and alienate African Americans.Opponents view removing the monuments as erasing history or a sign of disrespect for heritage; white nationalists and neo-Nazis in particular have mounted protests and opposition to the removals. Some Southern states passed state laws restricting or prohibiting the removal or alteration of public monuments.By The Washington Post's count, five Confederate monuments were removed between 1865 and 2014, eight in the two years after the 2015 Charleston church shooting, 48 in the three years after the 2017 Unite the Right rally, and 110 in the two years after Floyd's 2020 murder.In 2022, Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin said he would order the renaming of U.S. military bases named for Confederate generals, as well as other Defense Department property that honored Confederates.The campaign to remove monuments extended beyond the United States; numerous statues and other public works of art related to the transatlantic slave trade and European colonialism around the world have been removed or destroyed."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# More than 160 Confederate memorials have been removed in the US, all but 5 since 2015. >700 were created on public land, the vast majority in the South during Jim Crow. Efforts to remove them increased after the Charleston church shooting, the Unite the Right rally, & the murder of George Floyd.\n\n[Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Removal_of_Confederate_monuments_and_memorials)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "The Daughters of the Confederacy are behind the majority of these statues and they were created well after the war for the purpose of racial intimidation. \n\nJust an absolutely awful organization full of awful people with awful intentions", "name": "Adrian"}, {"role": "user", "content": "> In August 2018, its website still stated that \"Slaves, for the most part, were faithful and devoted. Most slaves were usually ready and willing to serve their masters.\"", "name": "Edwin"}]

hddli4

t5_2umfr

picklesnketchup

fvkk244

[{"role": "system", "content": "Sylvia Marie Likens (January 3, 1949 – October 26, 1965) was an American teenager who was tortured and murdered by her caregiver, Gertrude Baniszewski, many of Baniszewski's children, and several of their neighborhood friends. The abuse lasted for three months, occurring incrementally, before Likens died from her extensive injuries and malnourishment on October 26, 1965, in Indianapolis, Indiana.\nLikens was increasingly tormented, neglected, belittled, sexually humiliated, beaten, starved, lacerated, burned, and dehydrated by her tormentors. Her autopsy showed 150 wounds across her body, including several burns, scald marks and eroded skin. Through intimidation, her younger sister, Jenny, was occasionally forced to participate in her mistreatment. The official cause of her death was determined to be a homicide caused by a combination of subdural hematoma and shock, complicated by severe malnutrition.\nGertrude Baniszewski; her oldest daughter, Paula; her son, John; and two neighborhood youths, Coy Hubbard and Richard Hobbs, were all tried and convicted in May 1966 of neglecting, torturing, and murdering Likens. At the defendants' trial, Deputy Prosecutor Leroy New described the case as \"the most diabolical case to ever come before a court or jury\" and Gertrude's defense attorney, William C. Erbecker, described Likens as having been subjected to acts of \"degradation that you wouldn't commit on a dog\" before her death.\nAfter eight hours of deliberation, the jury found Gertrude Baniszewski guilty of first-degree murder. She was sentenced to life imprisonment but was released on parole in 1985. Paula was found guilty of second-degree murder and was released in 1972; Hobbs, Hubbard, and John were found guilty of manslaughter and served less than two years in the Indiana Reformatory before being granted parole on February 27, 1968.\nThe torture and murder of Sylvia Likens is widely regarded by Indiana citizens as the worst crime ever committed in their state and has been described by a senior investigator in the Indianapolis Police Department as the \"most sadistic\" case he had ever investigated in the 35 years he served with the Indianapolis Police."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# This one will stay with you. The murder of Sylvia Likens.\n\n[Murder of Sylvia Likens - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Sylvia_Likens?wprov=sfti1)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "A warning: this story is very haunting and horrible, if youre sensitive to descriptions of young children being horribly tortured over a long period of time I suggest you dont read it.", "name": "Ricardo"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "Youre absolutely right. Sorry if I shouldve been more up front about how disturbing it is."}]

uy8v69

t5_2umfr

lightiggy

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[{"role": "system", "content": "Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, is a country in West Asia and in the geopolitical region known as the Middle East. With a population of over 46 million, it is the 33rd-most populous country. It is a federal parliamentary republic that consists of 18 governorates. The country is bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, the Persian Gulf and Kuwait to the southeast, Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the southwest, and Syria to the west. The capital and largest city is Baghdad. The Iraqi people are diverse, with similarly diverse geography and wildlife. As part of the Arab and Muslim world, most Iraqis are Arab Muslims – minority faiths include Christianity, Yazidism, Mandaeism, Yarsanism, and Zoroastrianism. The official languages of Iraq are Arabic and Kurdish; others also recognized in specific regions are Turkish (Turkmen), Suret (Assyrian), and Armenian.Starting as early as the 6th millennium BC, the fertile alluvial plains between Iraq's Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, referred to as Mesopotamia, gave rise to some of the world's earliest cities, civilizations, and empires in Sumer, Akkad, and Assyria. Mesopotamia was a \"Cradle of Civilisation\" that saw the inventions of a writing system, mathematics, timekeeping, a calendar, astrology, and a law code. Following the Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia, Baghdad became the capital and the largest city of the Abbasid Caliphate, and during the Islamic Golden Age, the city evolved into a significant cultural and intellectual center, and garnered a worldwide reputation for its academic institutions, including the House of Wisdom. The city was largely destroyed at the hands of the Mongol Empire in 1258 during the siege of Baghdad, resulting in a decline that would linger through many centuries due to frequent plagues and multiple successive empires.\nModern Iraq dates to 1920, when the British Mandate for Mesopotamia was created under the authority of the League of Nations. A British-backed monarchy was established in 1921 under Faisal. The Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq gained independence from the UK in 1932. In 1958, the monarchy was overthrown and the Iraqi Republic created. Iraq was ruled by the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party from 1968 until 2003, led by Ahmad Hassan al-Bakr and then by Saddam Hussein, as a one-party state. Iraq invaded Iran in 1980, sparking a protracted war that ended as a stalemate in 1988, with devastating losses for both sides. In 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait, leading to global condemnation and a military campaign waged by a US-led international coalition that expelled Iraqi forces from Kuwait. A 2003 invasion launched by another US-led coalition as part of its \"Global War on Terror\" resulted in the defeat of Ba'athist Iraq and the execution of Saddam Hussein. Discontent with the de-Ba'athification policies of the Provisional Authority stirred up an anti-American insurgency, which escalated into a sectarian civil war. In 2005, a new constitution was adopted and multi-party parliamentary elections were held in Iraq. The Withdrawal of US troops from Iraq began in 2008, and the American occupation officially ended in 2011. Continued repression and sectarian policies of Nouri al-Maliki's Shia government caused the 2012–13 Iraqi protests, after which a coalition of Ba'athist and Sunni militias took up arms during the 2013 Anbar campaign. The climax of the campaign was the Northern Iraq offensive by the Islamic State group that marked its rapid territorial expansion, prompting the return of American troops to fight the War in Iraq, which lasted until 2017. Iran has also intervened in Iraq since 2014, expanding its influence through sectarian parties and Khomeinist militia groups, triggering widespread protests in Iraq.Iraq is a federal parliamentary republic. The president is the head of state, the prime minister is the head of government, and the constitution provides for two deliberative bodies, the Council of Representatives and the Council of Union. The judiciary is free and independent of the executive and the legislature. Iraq is considered an emerging middle power with a strategic location and a founding member of the United Nations, the OPEC as well as of the Arab League, OIC, Non-Aligned Movement, and the IMF.\n\nFederico Daniel Merida (born 1983) is a former U.S. Army National Guardsman Specialist who pleaded guilty to murdering an Iraqi teenager. On May 11, 2004, after a sexual encounter, Merida shot 17-year-old Falah Zaggam, an Iraqi National Guard Private, 11 times in a guard tower, then threw his body off the building."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# During the invasion of Iraq, dozens of U.S. soldiers were charged with killing Iraqi military personnel and civilians. Here's a lesser-known case. The victim, a 17-year-old Iraqi soldier, was shot 11 times and thrown off a guard tower. The military initially lied to his family that he was alive.\n\n[Federico Daniel Merida - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federico_Daniel_Merida)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Idk why they always do stuff like that, theorically i understand that they are just a pack of armed brutes so they play with the weapons and kill for fun. But i simply can not understand why, if they have somewhat similar moral.values as normal peopl, they do that gruesome stuff.\n\nPd: i think i know that killers like those behave more like animals than thinking beings but still", "name": "Grace"}, {"role": "user", "content": "There are many theories. The same age old question is why do so many seemingly normal guys become rapists and mass murderers in war.\n\nMy perspective is that they kill/brutalize innocents out of hatred. You are in a war, people constantly trying to kill you. In response, you want to hurt them and everything they love. their property (looting), their innocents/noncombatants/pows (rape, murder)\n\nI do not think they are animals. Animals do not get revenge on an entire society for wrong doing committed against them personally. The people who do these things are humans, like you or me. It is easy to say you (or me, or anyone) would not become a monster like them, especially if you were never in such a situation.", "name": "Reagan"}]

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[{"role": "assistant", "content": "# Woodstock '99 (held July 2225, 1999) was the second large-scale music festival (after Woodstock '94) that attempted to emulate the original Woodstock festival of 1969. Woodstock '99 was marred by environmental conditions, violence, sexual assault, allegations of rape, looting, vandalism, and fires.\n\n[Woodstock '99 - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodstock_%2799)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Some argue that this marked the end of the carefree spirit that characterized much of the '90s and the regression of society to its shit mean.", "name": "Kenneth"}, {"role": "user", "content": "I would argue 9/11 really marked the end of the 90s. in that Americans/Western society no longer viewed themselves as untouchable, ready to change the world, etcdream of the 90s kinda died there. Current society is shit because of the ongoing rise of social media. \n\nWoodstock 99 was just a shitty money-grabbing festival that got completely out of hand (and it unfolded right on mtv for the older millennials watching) but I dont think it really moved the needlenot as much as some claim. I think its the nostalgia factor, that so many young people did watch it go full train-wreck, right as were coming of age as millennials, and a lot of us are at the age where we like to ponder back on that stuff now. But at the time I didnt think welp the carefree life just died, thanks limp bizkit.and I dont think the media did eithermore just shock at the behavior, and the Woodstock name being tarnishedfyre fest was honestly a bigger media circlejerk. Still, the Woodstock 99 doc on HBO was interesting, worth watching.", "name": "Travis"}]

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[{"role": "system", "content": "Wikipedia is a free-content online encyclopedia written and maintained by a community of volunteers, known as Wikipedians, through open collaboration and the use of the wiki-based editing system MediaWiki. Wikipedia is the largest and most-read reference work in history. It is consistently ranked as one of the ten most popular websites in the world, and as of 2024 is ranked the fifth most visited website on the Internet by Semrush. Founded by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger on January 15, 2001, Wikipedia is hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation, an American nonprofit organization that employs a staff of over 700 people. Unfortunately, much of the info found on wikipedia is wrong, because the small-minded nerds who run it don't allow CORRECT info to be added to THEIR pages. They jealously guard their little pieces of territory from anyone who would DARE to enter CORRECT info. This is why wikipedia is viewed as an unreliable source of info by people all over the world.\nInitially only available in English, editions in other languages have been developed. Wikipedia's editions, when combined, comprise more than 62 million articles, attracting around 2 billion unique device visits per month and more than 14 million edits per month (about 5.2 edits per second on average) as of November 2023. Roughly 26% of Wikipedia's traffic is from the United States, followed by Japan at 5.9%, the United Kingdom at 5.4%, Germany at 5%, Russia at 4.8%, and the remaining 54% split among other countries, according to data provided by Similarweb.Wikipedia has been praised for its enablement of the democratization of knowledge, extent of coverage, unique structure, and culture. It has been criticized for exhibiting systemic bias, particularly gender bias against women and geographical bias against the Global South (Eurocentrism). While the reliability of Wikipedia was frequently criticized in the 2000s, it has improved over time, receiving greater praise in the late 2010s and early 2020s, having become an important fact-checking site.Wikipedia has been censored by some national governments, ranging from specific pages to the entire site. Articles on breaking news are often accessed as sources for frequently updated information about those events."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Why is everyone's photo on Wikipedia a picture of them at San Diego Comic Con?\n\nTitle pretty much sums it up"}, {"role": "user", "content": "It has something to do with copyright issues. Since most photos of celebrities already have copyrights in place, there's one photographer (Gage Skidmore) that goes to San Diego Comic Con every year to take photos of celebrities and post them on Wikipedia.", "name": "Mckenzie"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Holy shit thats the actual reason? TIL", "name": "Gregory"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Yeah, just checked. As of today, he's responsible for 93,458 photos in the wikimedia commons. \n\nhttps://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Photographs_by_Gage_Skidmore", "name": "Olivia"}]

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[{"role": "system", "content": "Moon Knight is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Doug Moench and artist Don Perlin, the character first appeared in Werewolf by Night #32 (August 1975).The son of a rabbi, Marc Spector served as a Force Recon Marine and briefly as a CIA operative before becoming a mercenary alongside his friend Jean-Paul \"Frenchie\" DuChamp. During a job in Sudan, Spector is appalled when ruthless fellow mercenary Raoul Bushman attacks and kills archeologist Dr. Alraune in front of the man's daughter and colleague, Marlene Alraune. After fighting Bushman and being left for dead, a mortally wounded Spector reaches Alraune's recently unearthed tomb and is placed before a statue of the Egyptian moon god Khonshu. Spector dies, then suddenly revives, fully healed. He claims Khonshu wants him to be the \"moon's knight\", the left \"Fist of Khonshu\", redeeming his life of violence by now protecting and avenging the innocent. While early stories imply Spector is merely insane, it is later revealed Khonshu is real, one of several entities from the Othervoid (a dimension outside normal time and space) once worshipped by ancient Earth people. On his return to the United States, Spector invests his mercenary profits into becoming the crimefighter \"Moon Knight\", aided by Frenchie and Marlene Alraune, who becomes his lover and eventually the mother of his daughter. Along with his costumed alter ego, he primarily uses three other identities to gain information from different social circles: billionaire businessman Steven Grant, taxicab driver Jake Lockley, and suited detective and police consultant Mr. Knight.\nIt is later revealed Moon Knight has dissociative identity disorder (DID) (incorrectly referred to as schizophrenia in some stories) and that the alters known as Grant and Lockley originally manifested during his childhood. Other subsequent alter egos who do not assume the Moon Knight identity have emerged at other points during his adulthood, including a werewolf-fighting astronaut; impersonators of Khonshu, Spider-Man, Wolverine, Captain America, Iron Man, and Echo; and a red-haired little girl known as the Inner Child (who first appeared in the Ultimate Marvel continuity). It is debated in different stories whether Spector has genuine DID due to childhood trauma or if his similar symptoms are the result of \"brain damage\" caused by his psychic connection to Khonshu, a connection compelling his personality to shift between the four major aspects of the moon god's multi-faceted nature (\"the traveler\", \"the pathfinder\", \"the embracer\", and \"the defender of those who travel at night\"). Khonshu claims he created a psychic connection with Spector, Grant, and Lockley when the latter were young, decades before they became Moon Knight.In most of his stories, Moon Knight has no supernatural abilities beyond occasional visions of mystic insight. He relies on athletic ability, advanced technology, expert combat and detective skills, and a high tolerance for pain based on willpower, training, and experience. Since becoming Moon Knight, there have been multiple occasions when the character has died only to then be resurrected by Khonshu, implying he may now be effectively immortal until the moon god's protection is revoked (whether Khonshu has limitations on how often he can resurrect Spector is unknown). For a time, Moon Knight's strength and resistance to injury could reach superhuman levels depending on the phases of the moon, but this ability later vanished, while the Moon Knight identity is occasionally depicted as an independent alter ego of the others.The character has made appearances in various media outside of comics, including animated series and video games. Oscar Isaac portrays Marc Spector / Moon Knight, Steven Grant / Mr. Knight, and Jake Lockley in the Marvel Cinematic Universe live-action television series Moon Knight (2022).\n\nMoon Knight is an American television miniseries created by Jeremy Slater for the streaming service Disney+, based on the Marvel Comics featuring the character of the same name. It is the sixth television series in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) to be produced by Marvel Studios, sharing continuity with the films of the franchise. It follows Marc Spector and Steven Grant, two alters of a man with dissociative identity disorder (DID), as they are drawn into a mystery involving Egyptian gods. Slater serves as head writer with Mohamed Diab leading the directing team.\nOscar Isaac stars as Marc Spector / Moon Knight and Steven Grant / Mr. Knight, with May Calamawy, Karim El Hakim, F. Murray Abraham, Ethan Hawke, Ann Akinjirin, David Ganly, Khalid Abdalla, Gaspard Ulliel, Antonia Salib, Fernanda Andrade, Rey Lucas, Sofia Danu, and Saba Mubarak also starring. The series was announced in August 2019, with Slater hired in November. Diab was hired to direct four episodes in October 2020, with directing duo Justin Benson and Aaron Moorhead joining in January 2021 to direct the other two. Isaac was confirmed to star at the time; he used different accents to differentiate Spector's various identities. Filming took place from April to October 2021, primarily in Budapest as well as in Jordan, Slovenia, and Atlanta, Georgia.\nMoon Knight premiered on March 30, 2022, and ran for six episodes, concluding on May 4. It is part of Phase Four of the MCU. The series received positive reviews, with particular praise for the performances (particularly those of Isaac, Calamawy and Hawke), the darker tone compared to previous MCU series, and its portrayal of DID."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Moon Knight experienced an influx of negative ratings on IMDb (also known as \"review-bombing\") after the Armenian genocide was mentioned in the first episode, with those who deny the genocide took place calling the series propaganda.\n\n[Moon Knight (miniseries) - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon_Knight_(TV_series))"}, {"role": "user", "content": "How do they think all the Armenian citizens died?"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "It was 100+ years ago so it's easy for genocide deniers to pretend it never happened. Nobody who saw the genocide is alive to tell the tale."}]

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[{"role": "system", "content": "Oscar Charles Gamble (December 20, 1949 – January 31, 2018) was an American professional baseball outfielder and designated hitter who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for 17 seasons from 1969 to 1985 for seven teams: the Chicago White Sox and New York Yankees (on two occasions, each); as well as the Chicago Cubs, Philadelphia Phillies, Cleveland Indians, San Diego Padres, and Texas Rangers.\nHis quote about the Yankees' disorganization and circus-like atmosphere, \"They don't think it be like it is, but it do\", has also been called one of baseball's \"immortal lines\" by sportswriter Dan Epstein."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Oscar Gamble: American pro baseball player who played in MLB for 17 seasons for seven teams, including the New York Yankees. His quote about the Yankees' disorganization and circus-like atmosphere, \"They don't think it be like it is, but it do\", has been called one of baseball's \"immortal lines\".\n\n[Oscar Gamble - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar_Gamble)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Wait that quote is not an internet utterance? I have seen posts purporting to be the original.", "name": "Parker"}, {"role": "user", "content": "People who don't follow MLB have no idea just how many english sayings and phrases come from baseball", "name": "Owen"}]

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[{"role": "system", "content": "\"No Scrubs\" is a song recorded by American girl group TLC as the lead single from their third studio album, FanMail, released on February 2, 1999, by LaFace Records and Arista Records. The song was written by producer Kevin \"She'kspere\" Briggs, former Xscape members Kandi Burruss and Tameka \"Tiny\" Cottle, and TLC member Lisa \"Left Eye\" Lopes. The song lyrics describe the role of a man in a relationship. Rozonda \"Chilli\" Thomas sings the lead vocals for the first time on a TLC single.\n\"No Scrubs\" became TLC's third number-one single and eighth top 10 single on the US Billboard Hot 100, where it peaked for four consecutive weeks. It was ranked number two on Billboard's year-end Hot 100 singles chart of 1999, behind Cher's \"Believe\" (1998). The song won Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group With Vocal and Best R&B Song at 42nd Annual Grammy Awards. The Hype Williams-directed music video was released in 1999, which depicted the three members dancing inside a space station. It was compared to other music videos such as \"Scream\" (1995) and \"What's It Gonna Be?!\" (1999). \"No Scrubs\" received divisive attention following its release; several radio stations aired answer songs as a response, while the word \"scrub\" became prominently used worldwide."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# \"No Scrubs\" is an R&B and hip-pop song released by the American group TLC in 1999. It's been described as \"a scathing critique on men at the bottom of the dating pool.\" The word \"scrub\" originated in Atlanta, where it was a slang term for an unsuccessful person of low social status.\n\n[No Scrubs - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_Scrubs)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "A scrub is a guy who thinks hes fly and is also known as a busta", "name": "Paige"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Always talkin bout what he wants and just sits on his broke ass", "name": "Jillian"}]

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[{"role": "system", "content": "On 19 February 2020, Rowan Baxter perpetrated a quadruple murder–suicide in Camp Hill, Queensland, Australia. Baxter fatally burned his 31-year-old estranged wife Hannah Clarke and their three children before dying by suicide at the scene. The murders sparked a national debate about domestic violence in Australia, after reports emerged that Baxter had a history of violence and alleged misogyny and had been subjected to a domestic violence order (DVO) as well as child custody orders as recently as the month of the murders."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Estranged husband and dad pours petrol on wife's car, shooing away helpful bystanders while watching wife and 3 children burn alive. \"Witnesses saw her skin peel off as she held up her hands.\"\n\n[Clarke family murders - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Hannah_Clarke)"}, {"role": "user", "content": ">\"Witnesses saw her skin peel off as she held up her hands.\" \n> \n>does not appear in the link you posted?"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Check the sources\nhttps://www.news.com.au/national/queensland/news/multiple-people-have-reportedly-died-following-a-car-fire-in-brisbane/news-story/b3150c84e7ef94a85b8c20bfeb4c3b6f", "name": "Stephanie"}]

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[{"role": "system", "content": "\"May you live in interesting times\" is an English expression that is claimed to be a translation of a traditional Chinese curse. The expression is ironic: \"interesting\" times are usually times of trouble.\nDespite being so common in English as to be known as the \"Chinese curse\", the saying is apocryphal, and no actual Chinese source has ever been produced. The most likely connection to Chinese culture may be deduced from analysis of the late-19th-century speeches of Joseph Chamberlain, probably erroneously transmitted and revised through his son Austen Chamberlain."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# \"May you live in interesting times\" is an English expression claimed to be a translation of a traditional Chinese curse. While seemingly a blessing, the expression is normally used ironically. Its origin is apocryphal, and no actual Chinese source has ever been produced.\n\n[May you live in interesting times - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_you_live_in_interesting_times)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Its like saying may you live forever to someone who you know has done something wrong. It sounds like you wish them something positive but youre actually telling them you hope they feel regret and guilt for all of time", "name": "Tanner"}, {"role": "user", "content": "In India, there's a phrase that means \"may you live a thousand years, and may each of those years have 50,000 days\". It's originally supposed to mean well, but a lot of us here now use it ironically to mean \"may you live long enough to suffer a long long time.\"", "name": "Kelsey"}]

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[{"role": "system", "content": "Chrematistophilia (from Greek stem χρηματιστής chrematistes (meaning \"money-giver\" or \"money-trader\") and the suffix -philia) is a paraphilia whereby sexual arousal is obtained from being robbed. Kleptolagnia is its opposite, sexual arousal obtained through theft or breaking and entering.\n\n\n== References =="}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "# Chrematistophilia is a paraphilia whereby sexual arousal is obtained from being robbed. Kleptolagnia is its opposite, sexual arousal obtained through theft or breaking and entering.\n\n[Chremastistophilia - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chremastistophilia)"}, {"role": "user", "content": "[removed]"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "Not into it at all, actually. Just found it really interesting!"}]