Leeyuyu/ROCO_thyroidpair · Datasets at Hugging Face

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	Ultrasonogram of thyroid showing calcifications with hypoechoic lesion (label).	benign
	Ultrasound image of the left thyroid area during US-FNABAn ultrasound examination during US-FNAB revealed a hypoechoic cystic lesion (red arrow) in the left thyroid. The margins were smooth and well-defined. A few echogenic granules were observed in the capsule. An FNAB was then performed with two needle passes of a 21-gauge needle. A hypoechoic solid lesion (white star) corresponding to the site of the left parathyroid was also identified but not biopsied.US-FNAB - ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy	benign
	Transverse view of the ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration of the left thyroid lobe. The arrows are pointing to the fine needle.	benign
	a. The ultrasonography image acquired on the transverse plane reveals cervical extension of the thymus (arrows) located anterior to the cervical trachea (asterisk) in a one-year-old boy. The thymic length was measured on the same plane in mm. Note the typical ‘starry sky’ appearance of normal thymus tissue.Fig. 1b. On the longitudinal plane, the cervically extended thymus tissue (arrows) is just below the thyroid lobe (asterisk).	benign
	Thyroid ultrasound in Case 2: long axis showing small benign-appearing nodules in the right lobe	benign
	Thyroid ultrasound shows a left‐sided solid hypoechoic nodule measuring 5 x 4.5 mm in size with irregular borders and multiple punctuate echogenic foci, compatible with Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI‐RADS) 5	benign
	Thyroid ultrasonography showing a 3.1 × 2.6 × 3.9 cm heterogeneous hypoechoic mass with calcification in the right lobe of the thyroid gland.	benign
	Airway ultrasound image at the level of thyroid gland demonstrating laryngeal air column width (arrow). TG, thyroid gland; SM, strap muscles.	benign
	Ultrasound image of PTC. ROI cropped by a rectangle frame drawn by the author. Region of interest (ROI), papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).	malignant
	Thyroid ultrasonography with doppler	benign
	Thyroid ultrasound. Thyroid ultrasound showing heterogenous echogenicity of thyroid gland compatible with thyroiditis (arrow).	benign
	Ultrasound image at the time of presentation with neck pain and fever, showing the same thyroid nodule with increase in size measuring 4.95 × 4.13 × 3.04 cm and with interval development of isoechoic debris in the cystic fluid.	benign
	Ultrasonography image of neck/thyroid. Ultrasonography of neck/thyroid showing heterogeneous nodule measuring 28 × 18 mm in the left lobe with internal calcification (shown in blue arrow). The left thyroid lobe appears to be heterogeneous with increased vascularity.	benign
	A 63-year-old woman with a 2.0-cm left thyroid lobe nodule.The ultrasound image shows a solid hypoechoic nodule with incomplete rim calcification (short arrows) and suspicious ultrasound features of nonparallel orientation (taller than wide) and microcalcification (punctate echogenic foci) (long arrow), as well as multiple large echogenic foci. Findings from repeated ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspirations were nondiagnostic and core needle biopsy revealed benign follicular nodule with degeneration. A follow-up ultrasound performed 9 years after the initial fine-needle aspiration showed no change in the size of the nodule.	benign
	Ultrasound image showing echo-normal and homogeneous thyroid gland.	benign
	Thyroid gland ultrasound examination in the patient. The white arrow indicates a weak-echo nodule in the left lobe of her thyroid gland.	benign
	Thyroid US image demonstrates enlarged thyroid gland (1.97 × 2.20 cm) with heterogeneous echotexture granuloma at the patient’s second visit to hospital.US = ultrasound scan.	benign
	Intracystic nonshadowing echogenic foci in a partially cystic nodule of minimally invasive follicular thyroid cancer.Transverse ultrasonography shows a predominantly cystic nodule with numerous intracystic punctate echogenic foci without comet tail artifacts and with triangular comet tail artifacts (tail size, 1.4 mm, 1.1 mm) (arrows).	malignant
	Modified K-TIRADS 4B nodule with solid hypoechoic US pattern in a 76-year-old man.Transverse US shows a solid mildly hypoechoic nodule (11 mm) with macrocalcification and no suspicious features in the right thyroid lobe. This nodule is classified as intermediate-risk by the AACE/ACE/AME guideline, moderately suspicious (TR4) by the ACR TI-RADS, intermediate suspicion by the ATA guideline, intermediate-risk (TIRADS 4) by the EU-TIRADS, and intermediate suspicion (TIRADS 4) by the K-TIRADS. Final diagnosis: papillary thyroid carcinoma by surgery. K-TIRADS, Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System; US, ultrasonography; AACE, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists; ACE, American College of Endocrinology; AME, Associazione Medici Endocrinologi; ACR TI-RADS, American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System; ATA, American Thyroid Association; EU-TIRADS, European Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System.	malignant
	A solid nodule in the left lobe of the thyroid by ultrasound examination.	benign
	Carotid Artery DiameterThe carotid artery vessel diameter was measured in transverse at the height of the thyroid gland or 3 cm below the carotid bulb if no thyroid gland were present. Pulse wave Doppler measurements were obtained at this same location. The diameter was transferred to the longitudinal image to allow the ultrasound machine to calculate the area and flow volume.	benign
	Ultrasonography image of the thyroid reveals a suspicious hypoechoic nodule with irregular border seen at the left thyroid lobe measuring 16.4 × 13.0 mm in diameter, outlined by “+”. Speckles of microcalcification are seen at the periphery. C = carotid artery, LT = left, IJV = internal jugular vein, T = trachea.	benign
	B-mode ultrasound of the right lobe of thyroid gland using the S2000, 9L4 probe at 9 MHz with the ROI placed within the healthy thyroid tissue measuring an ARFI velocity of 1.90 m/s.	benign
	Ultrasound of the patient four years after the initial presentation. The image shows a hypoechoic nodule in the right thyroid lobe, measuring 0.4 x 0.3 cm. Rt: right. Thy: thyroid. W: width. H: height	benign
	Sonographic imaging showing a diffuse bilateral thyroid gland enlargement without focal lesions and coarse internal echogenicities.	benign
	Ultrasound of neck. The diameter of the fistula is significantly thickened, and the boundary between it and the surrounding tissues is unclear. Thin arrow, left superior thyroid lobe. White arrow, fistula.	benign
	A thyroid ultrasound with evidence of an enlarged thyroid gland (total volume 10 mL) with non-homogeneous echotexture.	benign
	Thyroid ultrasonography.Thyroid ultrasonography showing an enlarged gland with heterogeneous parenchyma with associated hypervascularity, suggesting thyroiditis.	benign
	Thyroid ultrasound on hospital day 4 showed a 6.8 × 4.8 × 4.5 cm heterogeneous, necrotic, and hypervascular mass in a sagittal view of the right lobe.	benign
	Ultrasound image showing the ectopic thyroid. Ultrasound image in a transect through the upper limit of the hyoid bone shows a well-limited tissue structure, with a coarse oval shape, hyperechoic in relation to the homogeneous muscles, reminiscent of the thyroid parenchyma. It should be noted that the thyroid cavity was empty on ultrasound examination.Arrows 1 and 2 allow the estimation of the volume of the ectopic thyroid. It measures 21 × 9 mm.	benign
	Ultrasound image of microwave ablation of thyroid tumors.	benign
	Thyroid ultrasonotraphic finding. Ultrasonography showing a diffuse enlargement with heterogeneous echogenicity without any definite focal lesions of both thyroid glands.	benign
	Ectopic thymus tissue adjacent to the left thyroid lobe in a 33 year old female patient. The ultrasound image in transverse and longitudinal directions shows slightly isoechogenic tissue with punctuate hyperdense lesions (histologically confirmed). (A higher resolution / colour version of this figure is available in the electronic copy of the article).	benign
	Right-sided dominant thyroid nodule seen on thyroid ultrasonography.	benign
	Position of the needle on ultrasound view. Blue dot on the left side representing the tip of the EMG needle, going in the Longus Colli muscle through the thyroid gland (SNV mode). Small cysts, benign in appearance, can be seen in the thyroid.	benign
	Thyroid ultrasound reveals a 2.8×2.3 cm hypoechoic lesion in the right thyroid isthmus.	benign
	Ultrasound neck image illustrating the parathyroid adenoma measuring 11 mm with echogenicity and internal vasculature.	benign
	Ultrasonography showed a right thyroid mass	benign
	Ultrasonography of cervical region. On this image, the thyroid is hyperechogenic and presents with reduced dimensions (between markers).	benign
	Ultrasonography of cervical region. In this case, the thyroid gland (arrows indicating the right and left lobes) presents with much reduced dimensions and increased echogenicity.	benign
	Ultrasonography of cervical region. In this child, the thyroid gland could not be identified. ACCD, right common carotid artery; ACCE, left common carotid artery.	benign
	Ultrasound image of a large thyroid cyst in a cat. Note cystic fluid (arrow) and thyroid tissue (arrowhead).	benign
	Ultrasound of the right thyroid lobe	benign
	Thyroid Lobe (R) UltrasoundNeck sonogram highlighting anechoic lesion with septa in the right thyroid lobe	benign
	Ultrasound showing that this patient had a normal‐sized thyroid with small nodules on admission.	benign
	Ultrasound finding of parathyroid carcinoma (transverse)—an intrathyroid, nonhomogeneous, fibrotic mass in the right lobe.	malignant
	Ultrasound finding of parathyroid carcinoma (transverse)—nonsuspicious “Pad” at the lower pole of the left thyroid lobe.	malignant
	Ultrasound finding of parathyroid carcinoma (longitudinal)—a tumor with cystic degeneration and calcification.	malignant
	Thyroid doppler ultrasonography, longitudinal view: increased asymmetric vascularity in the right thyroid lobe indicative of Hashimoto thyroiditis	benign
	Thyroid ultrasonography of the patient demonstrating thyroid enlargement and inhomogeneity. The size of the left lobe was 1.5 × 1.6 × 2.8 cm, and the size of the right lobe was 1.7 × 1.5 × 3.5 cm. Anterior from both thyroid lobes was fluid accumulation.	benign
	The first thyroid sonography	benign
	The last thyroid sonography	benign
	Ultrasound revealed enlarged heterogeneous thyroid gland with increased vascularity	benign
	A 73-year-old woman with parathyroid adenoma with characteristic feeding vessels.A longitudinal sonogram shows a hypoechoic solid mass with multiple feeding vessels from the lower pole margin of the thyroid gland.	benign
	Ultrasound features of a malignant thyroid nodule. Malignant thyroid lesions with irregular margins are indicated by white arrow marked hypoechogenic; strap muscles and microcalcification are indicated by yellow and green arrows, respectively.	malignant
	Example of a nodule classified as TI-RADS 2.Axial scan shows a left simple cyst with sediment. The absence of a vascular signal in the echoic part must be asserted with Doppler ultrasonography. TI-RADS, thyroid imaging reporting and database system.	benign
	Example of a nodule classified as TI-RADS 4A.Longitudinal sonogram shows a nodule with oval shape and regular borders that is mildly hypoechoic (more hypoechoic than the surrounding normal thyroid parenchyma, but no more hypoechoic than the strap muscles). TI-RADS, thyroid imaging reporting and database system.	benign
	Thyroid ultrasonography of an 18-year-old girl with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. An oval poorly defined hypoechoic solid nodule containing internal microcalcifications which is 2.7 cm in diameter is evident in the right thyroid gland.	benign
	The features of ultrasonography. The presence of a foreign body that was approximately 2.43 cm hyperechoic linear image embedded in the left part of the thyroid lobe, and part of it was located outside the back membrane of the thyroid. A hypoechoci area surrounding the foreign body is regarded as the ultrasonic characteristics of inflammatory response.	benign
	Ultrasound scan of right thyroid lobe	benign
	Transverse grayscale ultrasound image of the anterior midline neck at the level of larynx shows diffuse expansion of bilateral thyroid cartilage ala (arrows) with internal anechoic hypoechoic fluid and debris. An ultrasound-guided aspiration needle enters the left thyroid cartilage ala (arrowhead).	benign
	Ultrasound neck showing a well-defined hypoechoic parathyroid adenoma (arrow).	benign
	It shows cystic lesion of 10 × 8 cm in lateral left lobe of thyroid gland including internal echoes with some separation and posterior acoustic shadowing in ultrasound examination.	benign
	Thyroid ultrasound revealed an atrophic gland without nodules.	benign
	Ultrasound of neck revealed several nodules which were thought to be parathyroid; well-defined hypoechoic nodules sized 0.85 cm, 0.75×0.74 cm, maximum size is 1.83 cm, and there was no other significant lymphadenopathy	benign
	Barium swallow with rapid sequencing images showing a 4 cm. blind-ended sinus from the apex of the left piriform fossa extending inferiorly in relation to the deep aspect of the lobe of the thyroid. Additional imaging was undertaken with ultrasound	benign
	Sonoanatomy for an ultrasound-guided SGB: the transverse short-axis view at the C6 level. CA: carotid artery, IJV: internal jugular vein (in a partially compressed state by the probe), PVF: prevertebral fascia, LCo: longus colli muscle, SCM: sternocleidomastoid muscle, Thy: thyroid gland, T: Chassaignac's tubercle, med: medial, lat : lateral.	benign
	Ultrasound image of the C6 transverse short-axis view following left SGB at the C6 level. Arrows show the subfascial spread of local anesthetics above the longus colli muscle. The fine long arrow indicates the out-of-plane needle path. CA: carotid artery, LCo: longus colli muscle, SCM: sternocleidomastoid muscle, Thy: thyroid gland, T: Chassaignac's tubercle, med: medial, lat: lateral.	benign
	A 50-year-old female patient with diffuse PTL.Transverse sonogram shows the enlarged thyroid with decreased heterogeneous internal echoes (arrows).	benign
	Ultrasonography of the neck revealed a right thyroid mass of about 4.5×2.5×4.6 cm with heterogeneously increased internal echogenicity.	benign
	Transcutaneous ultrasound images of the thyroid lesion.	benign
	Ultrasound showing the parathyroid mass.	benign
	Hemiagenesis in 17-year-old male incidentally detected during pneumothorax evaluation. Transverse ultrasonography revealed no left thyroid gland. Thyroid function was normal.	benign
	Ultrasonography of the parathyroid carcinoma	malignant
	Thyroid ultrasound disclosed a hypoechoic nodule of 15.5 × 13.5 × 12 mm in size in the left upper pole, having irregular spiculated margins, and dense millimetric microcalcifications in the central area.	benign
	Ultrasonography imaging of the left stellate ganglion & prevertebral fascia (asterisks). Needle was advanced with real-time ultrasonography so that the needle tip will lie anterior to the longus coli. Th: Thyroid, LCo: Longus coli muscle, LCp: Longus capitus muscle, CA: Carotid artery, SCM: Sternocleidomastoid muscle, TP: Transverse process.	benign
	Thyroid ultrasound in an infant with Down syndrome and PAX8 mutation (patient P11 in Table 1 and Hermanns et al). Thyroid appears bulky but combined lobe volume is actually small at 0.78 ml (reference range 0.8–2.4 ml).	benign
	Ultrasound of infant with a variant of the brain–lung–thyroid syndrome with mutation adjacent to the NKX2.1 gene (patient T6, Table 2). Subjective evaluation suggested a bulky gland attributable to a single, flattened, slightly curved anterior border but measured volume was small-normal at 0.94 ml.o PostScript	benign
	Ultrasound of infant with compound heterozygous DUOX.2 mutation (patient P7, Table 1), showing loss of normal curves of anterior margin of thyroid. Objective measurement of the gland at 1.75 ml falls within normal limits.	benign
	Ultrasound of thyroid. Heterogeneous thyroid echogenicity with increased parenchymal vascularity.	benign
	A 46-year-old woman with degenerated multinodular goiter.Longitudinal sonogram shows a 35 mm, smooth, cystic anechoic nodule in the left thyroid lobe. Echogenic foci with comet-tail artifact freely distributed (solid arrow) (Type 1). The patient underwent surgery due to contralateral thyroid malignancy.	benign
	A 41-year-old man with multinodular goiter.Longitudinal sonogram shows an 36-mm, smooth, mixed isoechoic nodule in the right thyroid lobe. Echogenic focus is located at the margin of solid component (solid arrow); comet-tail artifact is located within the cystic component (Type 2).	benign
	A 31-year-old woman with papillary thyroid carcinoma.Longitudinal sonogram shows a 5-mm, smooth, solid hypoechoic nodule in the right thyroid lobe. The echogenic focus (solid arrow) is located at the margin of intra-nodular micro-cyst. Comet-tail artifact was detected in the solid component (Type 2).	malignant
	A 52-year-old woman with papillary thyroid carcinoma.Longitudinal sonogram showing a 45-mm, ill-defined, hypoechoic solid nodule in the right thyroid lobe. A linear echogenic focus with reverse-triangle artifact (solid arrow), and a round echogenic focus with fine artifact (arrowhead), and a punctate echogenic foci (faint arrow) are seen (Type 3).	malignant
	Ultrasound of the thyroid showing an intense vascularity on color Doppler that is consistent with an “inferno”.	benign
	Transverse color Doppler sonogram of a nodule in the right thyroid lobe which was proven to be follicular thyroid carcinoma (outlined). The nodule showed both peripheral (arrows) and central (arrowheads) vascularity. SCM, sternocleidomastoid muscle; CCA, common carotid artery; IJV, internal jugular vein.	malignant
	Ultrasound number 1 of left lower parathyroid gland—7/24/12: after infarction.	benign
	Ultrasound number 2 of left lower parathyroid gland—8/9/12: after infarction.	benign
	Contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography (CT) taken before ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) of the thyroid gland reveals well-defined low density nodule in right lobe of thyroid gland	benign
	Thyroid microcarcinoma was discovered by screening with ultrasonography.	malignant
	Transverse ultrasound image of predominantly cystic nodule in 69-year-old woman. Eccentric solid position protruded internally and contained multiple microcalcifications. Note difference between smooth margin of entire nodule (arrows) and non-smooth margin of internal solid portion (arrowheads). Papillary thyroid carcinoma was diagnosed by fine needle aspiration and surgery.	malignant
	Longitudinal ultrasound image of predominantly cystic nodule in 66-year-old woman shows eccentric configuration. Note difference between smooth margin of entire nodule (arrows) and non-smooth margin of internal solid portion (arrowheads). This lesion was surgically confirmed as papillary thyroid carcinoma despite substantial cystic portion.	malignant
	Transverse ultrasound image of predominantly cystic nodule in 63-year-old woman shows eccentric configuration of internal solid portion with multiple microcalcifications. Note non-smooth margin of internal solid portion (arrows). This lesion was surgically confirmed as papillary thyroid carcinoma despite substantial cystic portion.	malignant
	An ultrasound scan demonstrating hypoechoic nodules (outlined by caliper markings) inferior to both thyroid nodules highly suggestive of parathyroid adenomas.	benign
	Ultrasound of thyroid nodule and parathyroid adenoma showing well-defined solid mass (21 × 18 × 36 mm) with increased vascularity in relation to the upper pole of the left thyroid lobe and lateral to the isthmus suggesting PA; and heterogeneous solid isoechoic nodule (23 × 16 × 38 mm) in the left thyroid lobe appearing wider than tall, with predominant peripheral vascularity suggesting a left thyroid nodule (GPA: giant parathyroid adenoma; St M: strap muscle; C Sh: carotid sheath; Thy N: thyroid nodule).	benign
	Color Doppler ultrasound of thyroid gland of the patient	benign
	Ultrasound showing parathyroid mass in relation to the two thyroid nodules.	benign
	Sonography of left sub-hyoid region1 – hyoid bone, 2 – thyrohyoid membrane, 3 – thyroid cartilage, 4 – internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve, 5 – thyrohyoid muscle)	benign
	CT neck, transverse plane. A 2.8 × 2.6 cm complex nodule in the left lobe of the thyroid. On further examination by way of a thyroid ultrasound, the lesion was further characterized and described as an echo poor mass showing lobulated margins and coarse internal calcification, highly suspicious for malignancy.	benign
	Thyroid ultrasound significant for bilateral lobe enlargement.	benign

Ultrasonogram of thyroid showing calcifications with hypoechoic lesion (label).

benign

Ultrasound image of the left thyroid area during US-FNABAn ultrasound examination during US-FNAB revealed a hypoechoic cystic lesion (red arrow) in the left thyroid. The margins were smooth and well-defined. A few echogenic granules were observed in the capsule. An FNAB was then performed with two needle passes of a 21-gauge needle. A hypoechoic solid lesion (white star) corresponding to the site of the left parathyroid was also identified but not biopsied.US-FNAB - ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy

benign

Transverse view of the ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration of the left thyroid lobe. The arrows are pointing to the fine needle.

benign

a. The ultrasonography image acquired on the transverse plane reveals cervical extension of the thymus (arrows) located anterior to the cervical trachea (asterisk) in a one-year-old boy. The thymic length was measured on the same plane in mm. Note the typical ‘starry sky’ appearance of normal thymus tissue.Fig. 1b. On the longitudinal plane, the cervically extended thymus tissue (arrows) is just below the thyroid lobe (asterisk).

benign

Thyroid ultrasound in Case 2: long axis showing small benign-appearing nodules in the right lobe

benign

Thyroid ultrasound shows a left‐sided solid hypoechoic nodule measuring 5 x 4.5 mm in size with irregular borders and multiple punctuate echogenic foci, compatible with Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI‐RADS) 5

benign

Thyroid ultrasonography showing a 3.1 × 2.6 × 3.9 cm heterogeneous hypoechoic mass with calcification in the right lobe of the thyroid gland.

benign

Airway ultrasound image at the level of thyroid gland demonstrating laryngeal air column width (arrow). TG, thyroid gland; SM, strap muscles.

benign

Ultrasound image of PTC. ROI cropped by a rectangle frame drawn by the author. Region of interest (ROI), papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).

malignant

Thyroid ultrasonography with doppler

benign

Thyroid ultrasound. Thyroid ultrasound showing heterogenous echogenicity of thyroid gland compatible with thyroiditis (arrow).

benign

Ultrasound image at the time of presentation with neck pain and fever, showing the same thyroid nodule with increase in size measuring 4.95 × 4.13 × 3.04 cm and with interval development of isoechoic debris in the cystic fluid.

benign

Ultrasonography image of neck/thyroid. Ultrasonography of neck/thyroid showing heterogeneous nodule measuring 28 × 18 mm in the left lobe with internal calcification (shown in blue arrow). The left thyroid lobe appears to be heterogeneous with increased vascularity.

benign

A 63-year-old woman with a 2.0-cm left thyroid lobe nodule.The ultrasound image shows a solid hypoechoic nodule with incomplete rim calcification (short arrows) and suspicious ultrasound features of nonparallel orientation (taller than wide) and microcalcification (punctate echogenic foci) (long arrow), as well as multiple large echogenic foci. Findings from repeated ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspirations were nondiagnostic and core needle biopsy revealed benign follicular nodule with degeneration. A follow-up ultrasound performed 9 years after the initial fine-needle aspiration showed no change in the size of the nodule.

benign

Ultrasound image showing echo-normal and homogeneous thyroid gland.

benign

Thyroid gland ultrasound examination in the patient. The white arrow indicates a weak-echo nodule in the left lobe of her thyroid gland.

benign

Thyroid US image demonstrates enlarged thyroid gland (1.97 × 2.20 cm) with heterogeneous echotexture granuloma at the patient’s second visit to hospital.US = ultrasound scan.

benign

Intracystic nonshadowing echogenic foci in a partially cystic nodule of minimally invasive follicular thyroid cancer.Transverse ultrasonography shows a predominantly cystic nodule with numerous intracystic punctate echogenic foci without comet tail artifacts and with triangular comet tail artifacts (tail size, 1.4 mm, 1.1 mm) (arrows).

malignant

Modified K-TIRADS 4B nodule with solid hypoechoic US pattern in a 76-year-old man.Transverse US shows a solid mildly hypoechoic nodule (11 mm) with macrocalcification and no suspicious features in the right thyroid lobe. This nodule is classified as intermediate-risk by the AACE/ACE/AME guideline, moderately suspicious (TR4) by the ACR TI-RADS, intermediate suspicion by the ATA guideline, intermediate-risk (TIRADS 4) by the EU-TIRADS, and intermediate suspicion (TIRADS 4) by the K-TIRADS. Final diagnosis: papillary thyroid carcinoma by surgery. K-TIRADS, Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System; US, ultrasonography; AACE, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists; ACE, American College of Endocrinology; AME, Associazione Medici Endocrinologi; ACR TI-RADS, American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System; ATA, American Thyroid Association; EU-TIRADS, European Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System.

malignant

A solid nodule in the left lobe of the thyroid by ultrasound examination.

benign

Carotid Artery DiameterThe carotid artery vessel diameter was measured in transverse at the height of the thyroid gland or 3 cm below the carotid bulb if no thyroid gland were present. Pulse wave Doppler measurements were obtained at this same location. The diameter was transferred to the longitudinal image to allow the ultrasound machine to calculate the area and flow volume.

benign

Ultrasonography image of the thyroid reveals a suspicious hypoechoic nodule with irregular border seen at the left thyroid lobe measuring 16.4 × 13.0 mm in diameter, outlined by “+”. Speckles of microcalcification are seen at the periphery. C = carotid artery, LT = left, IJV = internal jugular vein, T = trachea.

benign

B-mode ultrasound of the right lobe of thyroid gland using the S2000, 9L4 probe at 9 MHz with the ROI placed within the healthy thyroid tissue measuring an ARFI velocity of 1.90 m/s.

benign

Ultrasound of the patient four years after the initial presentation. The image shows a hypoechoic nodule in the right thyroid lobe, measuring 0.4 x 0.3 cm. Rt: right. Thy: thyroid. W: width. H: height

benign

Sonographic imaging showing a diffuse bilateral thyroid gland enlargement without focal lesions and coarse internal echogenicities.

benign

Ultrasound of neck. The diameter of the fistula is significantly thickened, and the boundary between it and the surrounding tissues is unclear. Thin arrow, left superior thyroid lobe. White arrow, fistula.

benign

A thyroid ultrasound with evidence of an enlarged thyroid gland (total volume 10 mL) with non-homogeneous echotexture.

benign

Thyroid ultrasonography.Thyroid ultrasonography showing an enlarged gland with heterogeneous parenchyma with associated hypervascularity, suggesting thyroiditis.

benign

Thyroid ultrasound on hospital day 4 showed a 6.8 × 4.8 × 4.5 cm heterogeneous, necrotic, and hypervascular mass in a sagittal view of the right lobe.

benign

Ultrasound image showing the ectopic thyroid. Ultrasound image in a transect through the upper limit of the hyoid bone shows a well-limited tissue structure, with a coarse oval shape, hyperechoic in relation to the homogeneous muscles, reminiscent of the thyroid parenchyma. It should be noted that the thyroid cavity was empty on ultrasound examination.Arrows 1 and 2 allow the estimation of the volume of the ectopic thyroid. It measures 21 × 9 mm.

benign

Ultrasound image of microwave ablation of thyroid tumors.

benign

Thyroid ultrasonotraphic finding. Ultrasonography showing a diffuse enlargement with heterogeneous echogenicity without any definite focal lesions of both thyroid glands.

benign

Ectopic thymus tissue adjacent to the left thyroid lobe in a 33 year old female patient. The ultrasound image in transverse and longitudinal directions shows slightly isoechogenic tissue with punctuate hyperdense lesions (histologically confirmed). (A higher resolution / colour version of this figure is available in the electronic copy of the article).

benign

Right-sided dominant thyroid nodule seen on thyroid ultrasonography.

benign

Position of the needle on ultrasound view. Blue dot on the left side representing the tip of the EMG needle, going in the Longus Colli muscle through the thyroid gland (SNV mode). Small cysts, benign in appearance, can be seen in the thyroid.

benign

Thyroid ultrasound reveals a 2.8×2.3 cm hypoechoic lesion in the right thyroid isthmus.

benign

Ultrasound neck image illustrating the parathyroid adenoma measuring 11 mm with echogenicity and internal vasculature.

benign

Ultrasonography showed a right thyroid mass

benign

Ultrasonography of cervical region. On this image, the thyroid is hyperechogenic and presents with reduced dimensions (between markers).

benign

Ultrasonography of cervical region. In this case, the thyroid gland (arrows indicating the right and left lobes) presents with much reduced dimensions and increased echogenicity.

benign

Ultrasonography of cervical region. In this child, the thyroid gland could not be identified. ACCD, right common carotid artery; ACCE, left common carotid artery.

benign

Ultrasound image of a large thyroid cyst in a cat. Note cystic fluid (arrow) and thyroid tissue (arrowhead).

benign

Ultrasound of the right thyroid lobe

benign

Thyroid Lobe (R) UltrasoundNeck sonogram highlighting anechoic lesion with septa in the right thyroid lobe

benign

Ultrasound showing that this patient had a normal‐sized thyroid with small nodules on admission.

benign

Ultrasound finding of parathyroid carcinoma (transverse)—an intrathyroid, nonhomogeneous, fibrotic mass in the right lobe.

malignant

Ultrasound finding of parathyroid carcinoma (transverse)—nonsuspicious “Pad” at the lower pole of the left thyroid lobe.

malignant

Ultrasound finding of parathyroid carcinoma (longitudinal)—a tumor with cystic degeneration and calcification.

malignant

Thyroid doppler ultrasonography, longitudinal view: increased asymmetric vascularity in the right thyroid lobe indicative of Hashimoto thyroiditis

benign

Thyroid ultrasonography of the patient demonstrating thyroid enlargement and inhomogeneity. The size of the left lobe was 1.5 × 1.6 × 2.8 cm, and the size of the right lobe was 1.7 × 1.5 × 3.5 cm. Anterior from both thyroid lobes was fluid accumulation.

benign

The first thyroid sonography

benign

The last thyroid sonography

benign

Ultrasound revealed enlarged heterogeneous thyroid gland with increased vascularity

benign

A 73-year-old woman with parathyroid adenoma with characteristic feeding vessels.A longitudinal sonogram shows a hypoechoic solid mass with multiple feeding vessels from the lower pole margin of the thyroid gland.

benign

Ultrasound features of a malignant thyroid nodule. Malignant thyroid lesions with irregular margins are indicated by white arrow marked hypoechogenic; strap muscles and microcalcification are indicated by yellow and green arrows, respectively.

malignant

Example of a nodule classified as TI-RADS 2.Axial scan shows a left simple cyst with sediment. The absence of a vascular signal in the echoic part must be asserted with Doppler ultrasonography. TI-RADS, thyroid imaging reporting and database system.

benign

Example of a nodule classified as TI-RADS 4A.Longitudinal sonogram shows a nodule with oval shape and regular borders that is mildly hypoechoic (more hypoechoic than the surrounding normal thyroid parenchyma, but no more hypoechoic than the strap muscles). TI-RADS, thyroid imaging reporting and database system.

benign

Thyroid ultrasonography of an 18-year-old girl with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. An oval poorly defined hypoechoic solid nodule containing internal microcalcifications which is 2.7 cm in diameter is evident in the right thyroid gland.

benign

The features of ultrasonography. The presence of a foreign body that was approximately 2.43 cm hyperechoic linear image embedded in the left part of the thyroid lobe, and part of it was located outside the back membrane of the thyroid. A hypoechoci area surrounding the foreign body is regarded as the ultrasonic characteristics of inflammatory response.

benign

Ultrasound scan of right thyroid lobe

benign

Transverse grayscale ultrasound image of the anterior midline neck at the level of larynx shows diffuse expansion of bilateral thyroid cartilage ala (arrows) with internal anechoic hypoechoic fluid and debris. An ultrasound-guided aspiration needle enters the left thyroid cartilage ala (arrowhead).

benign

Ultrasound neck showing a well-defined hypoechoic parathyroid adenoma (arrow).

benign

It shows cystic lesion of 10 × 8 cm in lateral left lobe of thyroid gland including internal echoes with some separation and posterior acoustic shadowing in ultrasound examination.

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Thyroid ultrasound revealed an atrophic gland without nodules.

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Ultrasound of neck revealed several nodules which were thought to be parathyroid; well-defined hypoechoic nodules sized 0.85 cm, 0.75×0.74 cm, maximum size is 1.83 cm, and there was no other significant lymphadenopathy

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Barium swallow with rapid sequencing images showing a 4 cm. blind-ended sinus from the apex of the left piriform fossa extending inferiorly in relation to the deep aspect of the lobe of the thyroid. Additional imaging was undertaken with ultrasound

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Sonoanatomy for an ultrasound-guided SGB: the transverse short-axis view at the C6 level. CA: carotid artery, IJV: internal jugular vein (in a partially compressed state by the probe), PVF: prevertebral fascia, LCo: longus colli muscle, SCM: sternocleidomastoid muscle, Thy: thyroid gland, T: Chassaignac's tubercle, med: medial, lat : lateral.

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Ultrasound image of the C6 transverse short-axis view following left SGB at the C6 level. Arrows show the subfascial spread of local anesthetics above the longus colli muscle. The fine long arrow indicates the out-of-plane needle path. CA: carotid artery, LCo: longus colli muscle, SCM: sternocleidomastoid muscle, Thy: thyroid gland, T: Chassaignac's tubercle, med: medial, lat: lateral.

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A 50-year-old female patient with diffuse PTL.Transverse sonogram shows the enlarged thyroid with decreased heterogeneous internal echoes (arrows).

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Ultrasonography of the neck revealed a right thyroid mass of about 4.5×2.5×4.6 cm with heterogeneously increased internal echogenicity.

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Transcutaneous ultrasound images of the thyroid lesion.

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Ultrasound showing the parathyroid mass.

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Hemiagenesis in 17-year-old male incidentally detected during pneumothorax evaluation. Transverse ultrasonography revealed no left thyroid gland. Thyroid function was normal.

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Ultrasonography of the parathyroid carcinoma

malignant

Thyroid ultrasound disclosed a hypoechoic nodule of 15.5 × 13.5 × 12 mm in size in the left upper pole, having irregular spiculated margins, and dense millimetric microcalcifications in the central area.

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Ultrasonography imaging of the left stellate ganglion & prevertebral fascia (asterisks). Needle was advanced with real-time ultrasonography so that the needle tip will lie anterior to the longus coli. Th: Thyroid, LCo: Longus coli muscle, LCp: Longus capitus muscle, CA: Carotid artery, SCM: Sternocleidomastoid muscle, TP: Transverse process.

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Thyroid ultrasound in an infant with Down syndrome and PAX8 mutation (patient P11 in Table 1 and Hermanns et al). Thyroid appears bulky but combined lobe volume is actually small at 0.78 ml (reference range 0.8–2.4 ml).

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Ultrasound of infant with a variant of the brain–lung–thyroid syndrome with mutation adjacent to the NKX2.1 gene (patient T6, Table 2). Subjective evaluation suggested a bulky gland attributable to a single, flattened, slightly curved anterior border but measured volume was small-normal at 0.94 ml.o PostScript

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Ultrasound of infant with compound heterozygous DUOX.2 mutation (patient P7, Table 1), showing loss of normal curves of anterior margin of thyroid. Objective measurement of the gland at 1.75 ml falls within normal limits.

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Ultrasound of thyroid. Heterogeneous thyroid echogenicity with increased parenchymal vascularity.

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A 46-year-old woman with degenerated multinodular goiter.Longitudinal sonogram shows a 35 mm, smooth, cystic anechoic nodule in the left thyroid lobe. Echogenic foci with comet-tail artifact freely distributed (solid arrow) (Type 1). The patient underwent surgery due to contralateral thyroid malignancy.

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A 41-year-old man with multinodular goiter.Longitudinal sonogram shows an 36-mm, smooth, mixed isoechoic nodule in the right thyroid lobe. Echogenic focus is located at the margin of solid component (solid arrow); comet-tail artifact is located within the cystic component (Type 2).

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A 31-year-old woman with papillary thyroid carcinoma.Longitudinal sonogram shows a 5-mm, smooth, solid hypoechoic nodule in the right thyroid lobe. The echogenic focus (solid arrow) is located at the margin of intra-nodular micro-cyst. Comet-tail artifact was detected in the solid component (Type 2).

malignant

A 52-year-old woman with papillary thyroid carcinoma.Longitudinal sonogram showing a 45-mm, ill-defined, hypoechoic solid nodule in the right thyroid lobe. A linear echogenic focus with reverse-triangle artifact (solid arrow), and a round echogenic focus with fine artifact (arrowhead), and a punctate echogenic foci (faint arrow) are seen (Type 3).

malignant

Ultrasound of the thyroid showing an intense vascularity on color Doppler that is consistent with an “inferno”.

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Transverse color Doppler sonogram of a nodule in the right thyroid lobe which was proven to be follicular thyroid carcinoma (outlined). The nodule showed both peripheral (arrows) and central (arrowheads) vascularity. SCM, sternocleidomastoid muscle; CCA, common carotid artery; IJV, internal jugular vein.

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Ultrasound number 1 of left lower parathyroid gland—7/24/12: after infarction.

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Ultrasound number 2 of left lower parathyroid gland—8/9/12: after infarction.

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Contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography (CT) taken before ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) of the thyroid gland reveals well-defined low density nodule in right lobe of thyroid gland

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Thyroid microcarcinoma was discovered by screening with ultrasonography.

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Transverse ultrasound image of predominantly cystic nodule in 69-year-old woman. Eccentric solid position protruded internally and contained multiple microcalcifications. Note difference between smooth margin of entire nodule (arrows) and non-smooth margin of internal solid portion (arrowheads). Papillary thyroid carcinoma was diagnosed by fine needle aspiration and surgery.

malignant

Longitudinal ultrasound image of predominantly cystic nodule in 66-year-old woman shows eccentric configuration. Note difference between smooth margin of entire nodule (arrows) and non-smooth margin of internal solid portion (arrowheads). This lesion was surgically confirmed as papillary thyroid carcinoma despite substantial cystic portion.

malignant

Transverse ultrasound image of predominantly cystic nodule in 63-year-old woman shows eccentric configuration of internal solid portion with multiple microcalcifications. Note non-smooth margin of internal solid portion (arrows). This lesion was surgically confirmed as papillary thyroid carcinoma despite substantial cystic portion.

malignant

An ultrasound scan demonstrating hypoechoic nodules (outlined by caliper markings) inferior to both thyroid nodules highly suggestive of parathyroid adenomas.

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Ultrasound of thyroid nodule and parathyroid adenoma showing well-defined solid mass (21 × 18 × 36 mm) with increased vascularity in relation to the upper pole of the left thyroid lobe and lateral to the isthmus suggesting PA; and heterogeneous solid isoechoic nodule (23 × 16 × 38 mm) in the left thyroid lobe appearing wider than tall, with predominant peripheral vascularity suggesting a left thyroid nodule (GPA: giant parathyroid adenoma; St M: strap muscle; C Sh: carotid sheath; Thy N: thyroid nodule).

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Color Doppler ultrasound of thyroid gland of the patient

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Ultrasound showing parathyroid mass in relation to the two thyroid nodules.

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Sonography of left sub-hyoid region1 – hyoid bone, 2 – thyrohyoid membrane, 3 – thyroid cartilage, 4 – internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve, 5 – thyrohyoid muscle)

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CT neck, transverse plane. A 2.8 × 2.6 cm complex nodule in the left lobe of the thyroid. On further examination by way of a thyroid ultrasound, the lesion was further characterized and described as an echo poor mass showing lobulated margins and coarse internal calcification, highly suspicious for malignancy.

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Thyroid ultrasound significant for bilateral lobe enlargement.

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