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wordpress | Cole is a junior in the Missouri School of Journalism with an emphasis in Account Management and a minor in Hospitality. He plays guitar and piano but isn’t very interested in the spotlight. Instead, it’s the behind the scenes production of a live show that fascinates him, as his dream is to create his own music festival someday. Cole’s toughest decision of the week is usually choosing between college football and a concert on Saturday night. He had to do it his freshman year, choosing between the homecoming game against Florida and a Manchester Orchestra show at The Blue Note. He chose the game. It was the wrong decision.
If Erin had to describe her life in two words, she would say dysfunctionally functional. She’s your typical college girl trying to find her way and be successful. Her activities to achieve that goal include binge-watching a season of Grey’s Anatomy in two days, watching funny cat videos when she’s feeling down and surrounding herself with good friends who remind her to enjoy the moment. She loves live music and believes that you can tell a lot about a person from the music they enjoy. Two of her favorite shows at The Blue Note have been The Mowgli’s and Matoma ft. Cheat Codes. Think of that what you will. She also believes that homemade toffee, cheap white wine, fuzzy socks and sitcoms are good for the soul.
Rebekah likes to think that people have more fun than anybody. She is an intern extraordinaire who geeks out over music marketing, and more importantly, snacking. Her love affair with The Blue Note began in 2015 when she discovered Judah & The Lion opening for Mat Kearney. Some of her favorite artists include NEEDTOBREATHE, The Dixie Chicks, Jon Foreman, Norah Jones and Sheryl Crow. In her past life, she used to make T. Swift-esque music videos. Google and enjoy.
Joey enjoys almost all types of music, but his current niche is EDM. He loves EDM because it fuses genres together, in both the music itself and the people who attend the shows. After attending about 20 concerts at The Blue Note, Joey fell in love with the venue. He says he’s met some of his best friends on the dance floor and he even credits his Blue Note internship to friends he met during a 9-hour ride home from Electric Forest in 2016 who helped him arrange an interview. Recently, you may have seen Joey bobbing his head to artists such as Griz, Odesza, Big Wild, Alison Wonderland and Vanic.
Karinna is a senior Communications student in her final semester at Mizzou. She has always loved singing and music, but became a live music fanatic when she went to her first concert in high school (it was her favorite band Bon Jovi… yeah, she was singing all the words to “You Give Love a Bad Name” when she was 5 years old). Her favorite shows at the Blue Note have been Chase Rice, Whiskey Meyers, Turnpike Troubadours, Cole Swindell…to name a few! She also loves cute furry animals, going to the beach, and attempting to take insta-worthy candid pics with her sister.
Hannah is a senior Communications major hoping to work for spotify one day. She owes her love of music to her parents who educated her on all things classic rock at an early age. She listens to a variety of genres but her current go-to’s include indie rock and indie pop. She also has an obsession with rock bands from the U.K. (the wombats, arctic monkeys, and the kooks just to name a few). Her favorite Blue Note shows are Young the Giant, Houndmouth and Lee Fields and the Expressions. She has dedicated an embarrassingly large portion of her time to making spotify playlists and has been to over 200 concerts. She is also a strong believer in the fact that sometimes good music makes your face look a little scary (as seen in her pic).
Amanda has self-identified as a major music enthusiast for as long as she can remember, but after experiencing her first concert she became passionate about pursuing a career in live music. She previously interned at Thumper Entertainment, producer of Roots N Blues N BBQ Festival, and joined The Blue Note intern gang in July 2016. She has attended many shows at The Blue Note and Rose over the years, but a few of her favorites have been Manchester Orchestra, Foster the People, Wolf Alice, and Trombone Shorty & Orleans Avenue. When she’s not at a show, Amanda can usually be found with her nose in a book or napping in obscure places. | 2019-04-26T09:56:29Z | https://thebluenotecolumbia.wordpress.com/contributing-writers/ | Porn | Arts | 0.674821 |
wordpress | Your tackle hangs slack; it cannot hold the base of its mast firmly, nor spread out the sail. Then the prey of an abundant spoil will be divided; the lame will take the plunder. And no resident will say, “I am sick”; the people who dwell there will be forgiven their iniquity.
The LORD is slow to anger and great in power, and the LORD will by no means leave the guilty unpunished. In whirlwind and storm is His way, and clouds are the dust beneath His feet. He rebukes the sea and makes it dry; He dries up all the rivers. Bashan and Carmel wither; the blossoms of Lebanon wither. Mountains quake because of Him, and the hills dissolve; indeed the earth is upheaved by His presence, the world and all the inhabitants in it. Who can stand before His indignation? Who can endure the burning of His anger? His wrath is poured out like fire, and the rocks are broken up by Him. The LORD is good, a stronghold in the day of trouble, and He knows those who take refuge in Him. But with an overflowing flood He will make a complete end of its site, and will pursue His enemies into darkness.
LORD JESUS, I COME BEFORE YOU JUST AS I AM. I AM SORRY FOR ALL MY SINS AND I REPENT OF ALL MY SINS (choose to turn away from my sins), PLEASE FORGIVE ME. JESUS, IN YOUR NAME I FORGIVE ALL OTHERS FOR WHAT THEY HAVE DONE AGAINST ME. I RENOUNCE SATAN AND ALL THE EVIL SPIRITS AND ALL THEIR WORKS. JESUS, I ACCEPT YOU AS MY SAVIOR, GOD AND LORD. PLEASE HEAL ME, CHANGE ME, STRENGTHEN ME IN BODY, SOUL AND SPIRIT. COME LORD JESUS, COVER ME WITH YOUR PRECIOUS BLOOD THAT WAS SHED AS A SACRIFICE FOR ME. FILL ME WITH YOUR HOLY SPIRIT. JESUS, I LOVE YOU, I PRAISE YOU, I THANK YOU AND I SHALL FOLLOW YOU ALL THE DAYS OF MY LIFE! AMEN! | 2019-04-23T22:20:55Z | https://propheticinspiration.wordpress.com/tag/sinners-terrified/ | Porn | Reference | 0.225278 |
wordpress | music that someone will say they like but never hear again.
or more to the point – post lobotomy.
of body and soul for yet another day.
Some one may thank you.
Some one may shake your hand.
But they all affect you.
take a trip to the National History Museum.
or more to the point – for all eternity.
That we are all human.
Of other, not so knowable miracles. | 2019-04-18T13:18:53Z | https://enchantedrant.wordpress.com/2011/07/ | Porn | Arts | 0.911022 |
wordpress | This bike showed up on Kijiji, Toronto today at a very reasonable $35.00.
Listed as an on old English bicycle, it’s actually from India and would be the good basis for a vintage Path Racer.
28″ wheels, rod and lever brakes, drop bars and a double top tube! | 2019-04-26T11:49:34Z | https://threespeedmania.wordpress.com/category/indian-bicycles/ | Porn | Shopping | 0.699881 |
fc2 | What is beauty if the camera can be represented, any excitement, they are present in the mind of the photographer first.
This is a Flickr badge showing public photos and videos from HarQ Yamaguchi. Make your own badge here.
copyright © N A T U R E A all rights reserved. | 2019-04-24T06:07:21Z | http://naturea.blog94.fc2.com/blog-entry-2138.html | Porn | Reference | 0.507931 |
wordpress | I’m a man of many talents that’s always actively acquiring more. My goal is to use them as a means of self-sufficiency & success, and of helping others achieve the same.
I’ve been overweight throughout the majority of my life. At 18, I took control of my diet and worked out consistently enough to drop from 260 lbs to 210 lbs. But I got complacent over the years, and with the growing onset of mental/emotional health crises throughout my 20’s, the goal became ever more unreachable. I write about my journey in reclaiming and realization that aspiration in the hopes of motivating others in similar straits to do the same .
If a long-time obese smoker with negligible natural athleticism can make the change, so can you.
The circumstances and events of my upbringing left me entering adulthood with a broken mind and spirit. As the years passed, I maintained a functional and friendly outward persona while privately spiraling down depression and low self-esteem. For nearly a decade, I wrestled with those issues and the resulting crisis of identity that came to a head in 2012. I started writing public posts about these sensitive matters years ago to satisfy a need for there to be some way for those inner truths about myself to be known outside of my own head. These days, I reflectively write on them as a person who finally managed to conquer a 10-year private mental-emotional hell.
If what I write on these matters can help someone struggling with their own demons in any way, then its worth risking the implications of having these weaker past versions of myself continuously posted publicly on the web. | 2019-04-23T04:51:29Z | https://thechexican.wordpress.com/about/ | Porn | Health | 0.98605 |
wordpress | When you’ve been wounded by religious abuse—shamed, humiliated, intimidated, and ridiculed, the natural inclination is to retreat into a protective shell. In your heart, you just want to “go away” and never have anything to do with “those people” again. The problem is that God is often thrown in the same category as your abusers. By withdrawing, you have probably also retreated in your relationship with the Lord, which is definitely self-defeating behavior.
If you’re really being honest with yourself, has this been your experience? Not wanting to experience the pain and emotional dysfunction associated with your abuse, have you swept everything, including your relationship with God, under the rug? Have you said to yourself, I don’t want to have anything to do with this ever again?
Although this is the course of action most people follow, it’s a strategy that doesn’t work well—not longterm anyway. To heal—to become the person you were meant to be, you must revisit your abuse, feel the pain once again, release it—forgiving your abusers, and move on. Nothing else will heal you effectively.
Keeping the issue buried deep within you may feel comfortable and like the right thing to do, but it isn’t. What works is reopening the old wound, which drains the malice, and allows the anger, bitterness, and resentment to heal. Repressing painful events doesn’t work in any other area of your life, and it will not work with religious abuse either. To heal, you must face your situation once again. It’s the only way. At first, it will definitely feel uncomfortable; but over time, you’ll realize how necessary this course of action has been.
Refer to STEP 5: I recognized that the only way back to a productive life is exactly the way I came. I had to repair my relationship with God.
Not everything in life is easy. Like everybody else, people in recovery would like to experience a soften, gentler way, but life doesn’t operate like that, does it?
This is especially true concerning religious abuse. Regardless of when you experienced abuse at the hands of a trusted religious leader, your life changed from that day forward, and it will never be the same again. From that precise moment, you changed; and as you see it, not for the better.
For most, this is a hard truth to acknowledge—a difficult reality to admit; but in your heart, you know that it’s the truth.
There’s a part of you that died, and you can never regain your former innocence. The disillusionment you now experience has replaced the boundless joy and optimism that was once yours, and it makes you sad—heartbroken really. Regardless of what you do, you can never return to where you were. It’s not possible. Your loss has probably embittered you, and you chafe at your abusers as a result. Perhaps you chafe at God, as well.
Is this where you are? Have I painted an accurate word picture of your emotional state? If so, you are not alone. There are millions who feel the same way, but that’s no consolation, is it?
Of course it isn’t, but guess what? God Almighty has allowed your difficult experience for a reason—His reason, not yours. From His perspective, which is the one that matters most, He permitted it for your own good.
It’s a tough pill to swallow, but it’s the truth. Once you accept it, however, your life will start to change for the better.
When a seemingly insurmountable difficulty comes into your life, what do you do? If you’re like most people—especially Christians, you pray about it. But, what do you pray for?
Most pray for God to spare them from what’s about to happen—either from the consequences of their actions or the actions of others. That’s the natural human response. People want the Lord to rescue them from whatever unpleasantness is about to occur. When they pray, they ask, whine, and even beg, as they plead their case before the Lord.
Then, when their prayer isn’t answered in the way they expect, which it usually isn’t; they chafe and question whether God really cares about them and, if He is really active in their everyday life.
Does this sound familiar? It’s a problem that occurs routinely, creating significant problems for the faith of many. The problem is that the mindset behind whining, plaintive prayers isn’t consistent with God’s methods. As a general rule, He doesn’t deliver people from trouble; He guides them through it instead.
If He delivered you from difficult situations, as you wish He would, then you would never grow up and reach maturity. You would remain a perpetual child—without resiliency, weak in character. That’s not what God wants for your life. He wants you to have childlike faith, but He doesn’t want you to be a perpetual child. God Almighty answers prayers, but He is not a co-dependent rescuer. It’s okay to pray like that, but you must realize that God is far more interested in your growth than He is in sparing you from life’s heartaches.
When you pray to be spared from the natural consequences of your actions, don’t be surprised when it seems like your praying to a wall. When you pray to be rescued, such requests are rarely answered in the way you wants. The reason is because the prayer is at cross-purposes with God’s will.
God wants you to be strong and resourceful. He knows that a “Divine bailout” will keep you a perpetual child. If he answered a prayer like this in the way you desire, you would never attain the full stature of a competent man or woman, which is not His goal for you. He loves you too much to allow you to behave like a petulant, indulgent child when you have the capacity to be strong and resourceful.
His desire is for you to be an adult—to attain your full stature in Christ, which is your birthright. That can only be accomplished by persevering through troubles, heartaches, disappointments, and suffering. While you are going through these difficulties, however, He never leaves you; He never forsakes you. You can count on this and you should. It’s in the deep valleys where you learn to trust Him—where you develop a richer, more confidant faith, which is His will. Successful perseverance makes you a useful person in God’s Kingdom.
When you finally realize this, you will also learn to “glory in your tribulation.” Until you reach this understanding, however, much of your travail will be unintelligible to you.
One of the characteristics of someone who has experienced religious abuse is a carefree attitude of acceptance, which makes us unwilling to take a strong stand for anything. Having experienced shame and rejection from those we once loved and trusted, being a strong, committed Christian is the furthest thing from our minds.
Although we may have a clear understanding of what is right and wrong, we have stopped being active participants in Christianity, keeping our counsel to ourselves—except for whining, complaining, and fault-finding. Having been wounded, we prefer a life of anonymity and obscurity to anything else. Pursuing an alternative course is for others—not for us.
There’s only one problem with this strategy. It is never God’s desire for His people to remain stagnant for the rest of their lives. That’s why your recovery is so important to Him. He is calling you—right this minute. He wants you to be a loyal son or daughter and stand firm for your His purpose.
Obviously, anybody who has been wounded needs time to heal, but a convalescence of years—maybe decades—is too long. You need to rouse yourself and get back into the fray. That doesn’t mean you should re-submit to an abusive religious leader, but it does mean you need to bow your knee to the Lord, ask Him what He wants you to do, and then get to work.
You have more to offer than you realize, and there are millions of desperate people out there who can benefit from the wisdom you’ve obtained because of your abusive experience—not in spite of it. Will you consider getting back in the game? Sitting on the bench as a spectator isn’t what the Coach wants. For your recovery to have any value, you need to put it to good use. God needs you; He wants you to play. Will you make a commitment to get back in the game?
I can’t tell you how many times I’ve heard someone make a statement like this. “I know where the Lord is leading. He told me what He’s doing; it’s crystal clear to me.” When something like this is said, it’s usually delivered in a smug, self-satisfied way, which dares anyone to challenge its verity. Whenever someone says, “God told me . . . ,” it means that the speaker has make a self-will determination that they have elevated to a Divine mandate.
My experience, as a believer, has been quite different. When I was a young Christian, I thought I knew what God wanted for my life, too. In my grandiosity, I thought I was destined to be important, wise, noble, and spared many of life’s heartaches. My viewpoint, which was also common among my peers, was arrogant and self-important—pure and simple.
My purpose was focused entirely on self-fulfillment—not service to others. I believed God’s purpose for my life was for self-actualization and nothing else. Like many, I tried to make my dreams for accomplishment God’s will for my life.
None of my aspirations materialized because none of them were God’s will. Experiencing profound failure, for a while, I became shattered and disillusioned. Instead of fame and glory, I experienced crushing heartaches for years and wondered why my loving Heavenly Father had allowed such disaster to occur. I felt abandoned and suffered from low self-esteem.
I wasn’t abandoned; but that’s how I felt as I wondered what my failures were supposed to teach me.
It required years for me to realize what God was after. During the time I was being pruned, which was very difficult, God wasn’t teaching me things; He was “un-teaching” me things. I had to unlearn my grandiose mindset and become simple and humble, which occurred once I was broken. When I was willing to accept my diminished importance, finally coming to enjoy it; my usefulness to Him started—not before. I wanted to be somebody I wasn’t; and God wanted me to be a far different person. It required years for this transformation to materialize; but unlike me, God is never in a hurry. | 2019-04-24T20:10:22Z | https://pushingjesus.wordpress.com/2010/03/ | Porn | Reference | 0.197274 |
wordpress | Last year the husband and I spent Thanksgiving weekend hiking in Palm Springs, California. I remember those photos as some of the happiest ones I had for awhile as shortly after, the entirety of my world shifted. The phone call came the following weekend and aside from sitting at the airport in tears, I don’t remember much after that. Flight, hospital, difficult familial conversations, funeral, shiva and a whole hell of a lot of tears – today, it’s been a year since Dad suddenly passed away.
There are moments when it’s impossible to believe it happened, moments that it feels raw and moments when although we can’t talk in the same way – it feels like he’s right here beside me holding my hand, laughing at a story, telling me about his ride or helping me make a difficult decision. Grief is completely f*cking weird.
Too many people I know are in this exact same club. This club that no one wants to be in, doesn’t have a leader and too quickly increases in number – those I know in this club are at various stages of membership and have offered countless snippets of wisdom, comfort and stories amidst all the ick. From hugs, to texts, to ears to bend, shoulders to cry on, stories to share and the innate ability to turn a tear-filled conversation into one that ends with a smile – kind people have been everywhere this year.
I can’t believe it’s been 365 days since he left us. The world sure seemed dark for quite awhile. It was cold and dreary, covered in ice and snow and filled with a sense of numb. For some reason, I do believe that there will always be a little bit of that darkness and that sense of numb, but 365 days later I feel far more of a hug from Dad than a sense of loss.
Grief is definitely a strange animal. Whether you look it up on Google, research it, read your share of books, go to classes, talk to friends, listen to podcasts or figure it out on your own – it’s pretty damn obvious that there are many stages of grief. They don’t bop you on the head and say ‘hello you’ve reached the next level’ and unlike those old school video games we used to play, at times when you least expect it, you find yourself going backwards to what felt like already completed levels. But, whether notified by the stages or otherwise, there’s definitely a swing that happens.
Firsts are hard. Rawness and clarity flings you back into each and every moment of those gut-wrenching days. This date, this time, this minute, this place – it’s all there whizzing about my brain and flinging my emotions hither, thither and yon. I miss him, that’s for sure. Those first few months in New York continually felt like our hearts were being ripped open broadcasting that open wound – as if someone was constantly pouring lemon juice on a giant paper cut. These past ten months in San Diego have helped us heal a little. There’s been time for mourning, reminiscing, connecting, crying and remembering. We’ve talked on trails, on the way to yoga, while waiting for Starbucks, while having brunch, while watching reruns of The West Wing and at so many other moments that snuck up without warning.
Somehow, the constant gut-punch began to ebb and a dull ache took its place. It’s still there, and according to those ever present club members, it won’t ever really go away. We channel Dad daily and are hoping that we’re doing things that make him proud. Decked in purple we walked the Pancan walk for a cure in San Diego. We had the honor of helping to set up a team for Long Island’s Lustgarten Walk – his team, Team Mustache lives on. We talk about our financial stuff, try to save towards retirement, randomly talk to strangers and do our best to know the words to every song ever written – and proudly sing them at the top of our lungs. I’ve noticed in the last little while that there have been times when smiles make their way in, laughter coincides with a memory and I can sometimes now look at pictures with a glint in my eye and an upward curve of my mouth again.
One year later and its still the same yet quite so different. Changes have taken place – some we yearned for and others we didn’t know possible. People have continued to show up in more ways than we can count, our happy place continues to help us heal through sunshine and outdoor air and we’re still here, taking steps in a forward direction. It might be the yoga, it might be the counsel of so many others who have dealt with this type of situation or it might be the lessons of the Universe – but we know for sure that the only way out is through. They may be baby steps and sometimes you have to back up to go forwards – but no matter the size – a step is a step, and we’re taking them every damn day.
This year we ditched the country in November and managed to spend Thanksgiving in Melbourne, Australia. We went on a beach hike in the morning, stopped for coffee and a pastry (like Dad did on his favourite rides), ate sushi for lunch, took in a movie filled with magic, ate chocolate cupcakes and got to take some fun photos with friends. I smiled again. Embracing those bonus days are important – and they’re all bonus days. It’s been awhile since I truly smiled, but it felt good. Dad would think so, too.
And so today, in honor and remembrance, we’ll find a way to connect, cry, and smile with Dad. Thrilled that we got the chance to share a little part of San Diego with him, we’ll channel some of what brought him joy. Get up early (so you don’t miss the best part of the day), start the day outside in nature, eat something delicious and share that joy found on the trail with others. Smile at a stranger, be kind to others, raise a glass, play outside, spend time with people you love, wear a hat and definitely find time for chocolate. And we know that in every step we take, he’ll be right there next to us, clad in bright colors and guided by a huge, hopeful smile. Love you, Dad…see you out there on the trail! | 2019-04-20T10:21:02Z | https://thegiftoftravel.wordpress.com/2018/12/04/365-days/ | Porn | Reference | 0.1436 |
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wordpress | After three years of moaning, complaining and, hopefully, educating and entertaining I have decided to bring this blog to its inevitable conclusion. It has been an interesting foray into the world of social media, so different from the world I grew up in. The ability to connect with so many people from all over the world is truly amazing and should continue to shrink the world’s boundaries and bring us all closer together. Disaster and misfortune no longer occur in far off places to people we neither know nor care about. Even though we have never met them everyone is a potential friend, acquaintance or colleague with beliefs, hopes and ideas that are not so dissimilar to our own. Surely this can only help to break down our prejudices and barriers and make it more difficult to continue injustices and demonise people from other countries. With easy access to so much data each of us has a duty to be informed and act rationally. Irrational hatred based on race, nationality or religion can no longer be excused on the basis of ignorance.
Even this little blog has attracted almost 100 followers (modest, I know, compared with many others but intimidating enough for me when I think how many people are reading these words) and readers from 76 countries. I would like to thank everyone for reading, commenting and liking and I depart with one final request coming, of course, from another TED talk (http://www.ted.com/talks/myriam_sidibe_the_simple_power_of_hand_washing). Wash your hands! With soap! Do it frequently! Do it properly! Do it now!
Hand washing alone has a dramatic effect on infant mortality. It can reduce the incidence of diarrhoea by half, respiratory infections by a third and mitigate the spread of flu, trachoma, SARS, cholera and even Ebola. Regular hand washing with soap will allow 600,000 children to see their fifth birthday.
In conclusion, it is probably appropriate to finish with a line from Get Smart, one of my all time favourite TV shows.
As a veterinarian, atheist and scientist I have championed the cause of natural selection all my life. It is a magnificent device that has driven evolution for eons, constantly upgrading and improving species to better allow them to adapt to their environments. Through natural selection we have moved from unicellular animals to multicellular ones to the incredibly complex array of species we have today, species that run, fly and swim, enabling them to find homes in every possible niche on the planet.
There is, however, one species that appears to stand above natural selection, and that species is our own. I have been short sighted and wearing glasses since I was seven years old. If natural selection had had its way with me I would surely have missed seeing that truck, bear or crevasse and perished long ago. I certainly would not have lived long enough to produce my own pair of myopic humans. Now I have a dicky heart and sleep apnoea. However, our ability to overrule natural selection once again affords me the opportunity to live on.
Every day we try our best to cancel out the effects of natural selection. From vaccinating ourselves to prevent diseases that might otherwise kill us, to treating ourselves with antibiotics when we are sick. From artificial insemination and embryo transfer when we can’t conceive naturally, to Caesarean sections when we can’t deliver the fruits of those conceptions. And it is not just ourselves that reap these benefits. We make sure that our friends do too. Many are the cows that I saved from almost certain death (at least long enough to make it to the dinner table) by assisting in the delivery of their calves. Ease of delivery (at least in humans and domestic animals) has been virtually removed from the selection process.
Will the fact that large numbers of short sighted, infirm, sub-fertile humans that can’t give birth, are passing their genetic material on for generations come back to bite us? We must surely be weakening our species as a whole, but who would refuse the artificial fixes that are available to us? Certainly not I. It does seem a tad hypocritical, however, to laud the marvels of natural selection while studiously stepping around it ourselves wherever possible.
Unfortunately I can be one of those people who emerge from the gym feeling decidedly smug about the great workout I just completed and how I am adding years to my life through regular exercise and a reasonable diet. While it can be fun to rub my less active friends’ noses into all that health and vitality it really is just a happy coincidence. Perversely, I really wander around lifting heavy objects because I enjoy doing it. I tend to avoid hamburgers and fish and chips because I don’t find them particularly tasty. The fact that I am also doing things that are good for my health is really just an added bonus, and I suspect most people who spend their weekends running, cycling, and canoeing really do it because they love it, and those who spend their weekends lying on the couch with a beer and a packet of chips do so because they don’t enjoy being active. How else can you explain all those people who constantly take out new gym memberships only to see their gym clothes gathering dust in the closet after a month or so? No matter the intention, if you don’t enjoy it you are very unlikely to persist with it, whatever it is.
Unfortunately this holds true for me too. I have read no end of articles about the benefits of meditation and mindfulness. I have attempted it on numerous occasions but find it difficult and don’t enjoy it. My current record stands at three days in a row before I let it lapse again, and not because I don’t have the time. Who can’t find ten minutes a day for a quick meditate? The person who does not enjoy it, that’s who. I would much rather take out the garbage, clean out the chooks or scrub the fish tank, even though I know the value of meditation.
I guess the key is to find things you enjoy that, by coincidence or design, are also good for you. Then you too can act smugly and pretend your activity requires enormous willpower and you are only doing it because it promotes your wellbeing.
I endured another rendition of Australia’s insipid national anthem, sung prior to the start of last Saturday’s Grand Final, and reflected on the fact that anthems are supposed to be stirring pieces of music, exhorting us all to stand together to defeat the common enemy, or some such jingoistic nonsense. Unfortunately Australia’s anthem encourages somnolence rather than action, a fact that is compounded by its archaic lyrics. “Our home is girt by sea.” Girt by sea? When was the last time anyone ever used the word “girt”? Since it is in the national anthem perhaps we should try and bring it back into the current vernacular? Just in case you are interested my house is girt by forest, while the neighbour’s house is girt by paddocks. I can see a massive “girt” revival on the horizon.
Unfortunately countries that have anthems with stirring tunes tend to have stirring lyrics as well, perhaps a bit too stirring. “Deutschland, Deutschland über alles, über alles in der Welt“ translates as „Germany, Germany above all, above all in the world“. And we all know the trouble that caused.
Marchons, marchons! Let’s march, let’s march!
Abreuve nos sillons! Water our furrows!
The Spanish appear to have the ideal solution. No lyrics at all. Admittedly the melody could do with a bit of work but you can stand at that soccer match enjoying the tune, while feeling proud to be Spanish, and girding your loins for the coming battle knowing that you don’t have to rhythmically open and close your mouth in order to mask the embarrassment of not knowing the words to your national anthem.
(Rush, Territories, from the album “Power Windows”).
Recently I watched a video by comedian Bill Bailey in which he championed the cause of Alfred Russel Wallace. Wallace conceived the theory of natural selection and evolution independently of Charles Darwin. While the two did correspond and the theory was originally published as the Darwin-Wallace Theory, Wallace has since faded into relative obscurity whereas Darwin went on to fame and fortune having a city (Darwin Australia), birds (Darwin’s finches) and a cartoon chimpanzee (in the Wild Thornberrys) named after him. All Wallace got was a Line (the Wallace Line which separates the ecozones of Australia and Asia and runs between Borneo and Sulawesi in Indonesia).
Unfortunately Wallace’s descent into oblivion is not unique. History is littered with characters whose contributions were at least as significant as those of their more famous colleagues but who, for whatever reason, have been forgotten.
Take Watson and Crick for example. While we all know that Francis Crick and James Watson were the first to describe the double helix structure of DNA and received the Nobel Prize for their efforts, who knew that Maurice Wilkins was part of this discovery and received the Nobel Prize along with them? Never mind the fact that Rosalind Franklin also played a key role in this discovery. She was not nominated for the Nobel Prize because she died before the Prize was awarded and it is not given posthumously.
Burke and Wills were two famous explorers who decided to cross Australia from Melbourne in the south to the Gulf of Carpentaria in the north, a journey of 3250 km. While they successfully completed the trip north they both died on the return leg, John King being the only member of the expedition to make it back to Melbourne alive. But who has heard of John King? Australians do seem to prefer their heroic failures. Look at the Gallipoli campaign.
While James Cook is credited as having “discovered” Australia in 1770 (despite the fact that Aborigines had been living here for up to 60,000 years) Dutchman Willem Janszoon arrived here in 1606. He was followed by further Dutchmen, including Abel Tasman who bumped into Tasmania in 1642. Cook was not even the first Englishman to reach Australia. That honour belongs to William Dampier who arrived in 1688. Presumably Cook got the credit because no one had bothered to claim the place until after his arrival.
However, it is not just the worlds of history and science that are littered with the forgotten. Stuart Sutcliffe was one of the original members of the Beatles but left to pursue a career in painting. Now there was a good career move. A similar situation occurred with Syd Barrett and Pink Floyd, except he left the band to go insane.
History, it seems, takes a very subjective view of those who grace its pages, some awarded lasting fame and notoriety, others drifting quietly into anonymity. Unfortunately the category you end up in seems to have very little to do with your actual contribution and a lot more to do with your ability to sell yourself and capture the public’s imagination (VHS v Betamax, IBM v Apple). In the current era where we can all achieve our fifteen minutes of fame and saturate the airwaves with our photos, opinions and antics it will be interesting to see who is remembered in a century from now and who has faded away. Hopefully those who generate lasting achievements will still be lauded while those who clutter up my inbox with cute kitten photos will burn in hell. | 2019-04-23T09:58:24Z | https://vetsbeyondreason.wordpress.com/category/social-commentary/ | Porn | Science | 0.194121 |
wordpress | Cummins has partnered with a college in Melbourne as part of a program to develop the future generation of apprentices.
The new Trade Training Centre at Point Cook Senior Secondary College in Melbourne is equipped with diesel engines and other equipment donated by Cummins.
“Our aim is to influence the career pathways of students and recruit some of these students directly to Cummins’ apprentice program,” says Kate Evans, apprentice program manager at the Cummins Laverton branch in Melbourne.
Cummins South Pacific staff in front of the plaque recognising Cummins Australia pioneer Clarrie Malvern. From left: Neil Kinder (technician) Fallon Te Paa (intern), Leigh Travis (3rd year mechanical apprentice), Rachael Reinheimer (manager – marketing and events), Mick Cristaldi (branch manager – Laverton), Penelope Walter (director – workplace and community environment), Vicki Pafumi (corporate responsibility contractor), Matt Smakman (4th year mechanical apprentice), Kate Evans (apprentice program manager).
Cummins employs over 200 apprentices in the South Pacific region and considers the new Trade Training Centre vital to encouraging apprentices to the industry.
The diesel engines donated by Cummins – one of which is a fully operational training module – are housed in the Trade Training Centre’s heavy diesel training room named after the late Clarrie Malvern, a Cummins pioneer in Australia.
Malvern’s career with Cummins spanned 1955-1984 during which time he established the foundations for Cummins’ outstanding service support network in Australia which remains the benchmark in the diesel engine industry today.
Andrew Penca has been appointed managing director and general manager of leading heavy-duty diesel engine supplier Cummins South Pacific.
Cummins South Pacific, which operates close to 40 sales and service facilities in Australia, New Zealand and PNG, is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cummins Inc., the world’s largest independent manufacturer of diesel engines.
Penca joined Cummins Inc. in the USA in late 2007 as assistant to the president and COO, a role in which he led a number of key strategy and operations-related projects.
The latest issue of Cummins Commentary features a story on Australia’s largest cotton producer, Cubbie Station, which has switched to the Cummins QSK19 for longevity and fuel economy in its irrigation pumping operations. There’s a host of other stories on customers in mining, trucking, marine, and rail plus a flashback to the Cummins Diesel Special, one of the world’s most famous race cars.
The latest issue of Cummins Mining magazine features a host of equipment info from four Australian mine sites, including how the first Hitachi EX8000 backhoe excavator in the world – powered by dual Cummins QSK60 Tier 2 engines – is performing at Meandu coal mine in south east Queensland. | 2019-04-23T23:02:36Z | https://cumminscommentary.wordpress.com/page/2/ | Porn | Business | 0.524084 |
wordpress | This is the home page for my work investigating the “Oswald Mythology” created by Judyth Vary Baker starting in her book, Me & Lee How I Came to Know, Love and Lose Lee Harvey Oswald. This mythology is a threat to the historical record, clouding the truth, in an age when the internet allows the spread of this mythology with an instant click of the button. I do believe Ms. Baker knew Lee Harvey Oswald. It ends there because what truth there may have once been in her story, it is forever tainted by her attempt to create the “Oswald Mythology” rendering her unbelievable in the eyes of truth seekers of the horrible events of November 1963. | 2019-04-23T10:54:18Z | https://toseekanewrworld.wordpress.com/the-vindication-series/ | Porn | Home | 0.93696 |
wikipedia | Freedom Pass is a concessionary travel scheme, which began in 1973, to provide free travel to residents of Greater London, England, who are aged 60 and over (eligibility age increasing by phases to 66 by 2020) or who have a disability. The scheme is funded by local authorities and coordinated by London Councils. Originally the pass was a paper ticket, but since 2004 it has been encoded on to a contactless smartcard compatible with Oyster card readers.
The scheme was created in 1973 by the Greater London Council, although there had been concessionary bus fare schemes in London before that. When the council was abolished in 1986, responsibility for the scheme passed to the London borough councils. The cost of providing the travel concession is negotiated between London Councils and the local transport operator Transport for London. It is funded through a mixture of national grant and council tax. In 2007 there was a dispute between Mayor of London Ken Livingstone and London Councils on the negotiation process, in particular the ability for the Greater London Authority to impose a charge should no agreement be reached.
Freedom Passes have two main versions, an Older Person's Freedom Pass (OPFP) and a Disabled Person's Freedom Pass (DPFP); the former has a blue right hand edge and the latter a yellow one to enable transport operators to quickly identify which concessions are applicable. Greater London residents who turned 60 before 6 April 2010 were eligible for an OPFP but from then on the qualifying age increases in a graduated way, until it becomes 66 by 6 October 2020, although the 2011 government spending review proposes speeding the process to be fully implemented by 2018. London residents over 60 can get a 60+ oystercard on payment of £20. This has all the benefits of the Freedom Pass, but only within Greater London. Unlike the Freedom Pass, it is not valid on buses outside Greater London.
Disabled residents for whom an Older Person's Freedom Pass is inappropriate (if they are too young or specifically require a Disabled Person's Freedom Pass) are, if they do not automatically qualify (e.g. if they are already certified as blind), assessed to determine whether their degree of disability allows issue of a disabled person's pass. In early 2010 the responsibility for judging the degree of disability passed to local councils, and there were complaints of people who had been assessed as needing a pass for many years not having their passes renewed although their condition had not improved.
The Freedom Pass webpage links to pages with information on the "national scheme statutory disabled pass" which list the seven main categories of disability set out by the Transport Act 2000 to assess eligibility for a Freedom Pass, and the "London-only discretionary disabled pass" which may be issued by local councils at their discretion in exceptional circumstances to disabled people who do not meet the criteria.
People who, if they applied for the grant of a licence to drive a motor vehicle under Part III of the Road Traffic Act 1988, would have their application refused pursuant to section 92 of the Act (physical fitness) otherwise than on the ground of persistent misuse of drugs or alcohol.
The Freedom Pass is valid at all times on London Underground, London Overground, Bus, Tram, and Docklands Light Railway services in Greater London (until January 2009 the pass was only valid on weekdays from 9:00).
It is accepted at most times on many rail services in and outside Greater London that are within London fare zones 1-9.
Outside Greater London the card can be used in England (but not Scotland or Wales) wherever and whenever the English National Concessionary Bus Travel Scheme applies, and allows free travel on any local bus route; while some operators may extend validity, travel on working days before 9:30 and after 23:00 is not otherwise included.
Most previous Freedom Passes expired on 31 March 2015, and were automatically renewed until 2020.
Up-to-date information, which changes from time to time, is available on the TfL and the Association of London Councils websites.
On most London National Rail services only passes issued because of disability rather than age can be used between 04:30 and 09:30 on working days.
The Freedom Pass is not valid for travel on many longer-distance train services even if they stop within Greater London (many such journeys are prohibited for all passengers by "stops for picking up/setting down only" restrictions) or for non-London Underground trains to Heathrow airport (they may be used on Heathrow Connect services, but only between Paddington and Hayes & Harlington). They may be used on London Overground trains to Watford Junction in Hertfordshire, but can only be used as far as Harrow and Wealdstone on London Midland and Southern Railway services; Freedom Pass validity for these services is less than that of Oyster cards.
For travel which crosses the boundary of the area of validity of the Freedom Pass at a time and on a service where the Pass is valid, it is normally necessary to buy a ticket only for the section not covered by the Pass, i.e. a ticket from the Freedom Pass boundary, or from a named station within the zone of validity. A ticket from a named station may technically not be valid on a train that does not stop at that station; an otherwise identical ticket from the "Freedom Pass boundary" explicitly avoids potential disputes, and does not require the traveller to work out which station is appropriate.
The Freedom Pass is not valid on long-distance coach services which are not operating a long-term service with a majority of seats not requiring reservation; other restrictions apply on bus or coach services which are not operating as a stage carriage (in summary, a service of any distance using buses or coaches providing local services) or in substitution of a railway service on which the Freedom Pass would be valid. They are not valid for any purpose in Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland.
A lost, stolen, damaged, or faulty pass can be replaced on application. There is a charge of £12 for loss or damage, not applicable if the pass is stolen and a police crime reference number has been obtained, and refundable if the pass is returned and found on examination to be faulty rather than damaged.
A faulty or damaged Freedom Pass that does not function as a contactless Oyster card remains valid for travel until replaced; it must be presented for manual inspection. The Freedom Pass website warns that the transport operator's staff will inspect the pass closely to confirm validity, and suggests carrying additional proof of identity; a pass whose validity is doubted may not be accepted.
Since November 2012 Greater London residents aged 60 or over who do not qualify for a Freedom Pass are eligible for a 60+ Oyster photocard on payment of a £20 administration fee; this restores the entitlement to free (at the time of use) travel from the age of 60 that was removed when the general qualifying age for concessionary travel was tied by national legislation to the national retirement age in 2010. The 60+ Oyster Card is valid on the same services within Greater London and some adjacent places as the Freedom Pass but is not valid for travel elsewhere in England.
^ Gilligan, Andrew (27 March 2012). "Ken Livingstone: six new lies in a single afternoon..." Daily Telegraph (blog). London. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
^ "An open letter to Londoners on Freedom Pass". London Councils. 9 May 2007. Archived from the original on 28 February 2019. Retrieved 31 December 2009.
^ Mayor of London (5 May 2007). "Londoners join fight to defend the Freedom Pass" (Press release). Greater London Authority. Archived from the original on 7 August 2007. Retrieved 31 December 2009.
^ a b "60+ London Oyster photocard - Transport for London". tfl.gov.uk. Retrieved 2017-05-31.
^ "Freedom Pass taken off woman with learning disabilities". BBC News. 14 May 2010.
^ "Brentford woman 'not deaf enough' for free travel". Hounslow Chronicle. 13 May 2010.
^ "Freedom Pass: Travel Map". London Councils. February 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2015.
^ "Freedom Pass: Exceptions map". London Councils. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
^ "Free bus travel in England for older and disabled people". DirectGov. Retrieved 3 October 2012.
This page was last edited on 10 April 2019, at 17:30 (UTC). | 2019-04-18T21:46:29Z | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_Pass | Porn | Health | 0.212364 |
wordpress | Yolngu street names on Elcho Island in English orthography only?
Developer registers kunanyi domain name.
Our Land Our Lanugages report released- exciting times for Aboriginal languages.
Local communities banding together for language revival.
The educational importance and preservation of language through oral history and song. | 2019-04-22T15:59:19Z | https://australianlanguages.wordpress.com/author/australianlanguages/ | Porn | Arts | 0.459321 |
wordpress | Heckled released late last night, a bit earlier than I had expected. But we got the cover design perfected, and then the editing went fast, and then Amazon went fast, and so, here we have it.
This book means a lot to me, and I wanted to give you a little bit of insight as to how the idea for Heckled got started.
When the world lost Robin Williams, I cried. That week and the weeks shortly after, we saw a lot of things in the news and on social media referencing the end of the life of a man many of us had grown up knowing as Mork. There was such an outpouring of love and understanding by so many people.
There was also quite an outpouring of…something else.
Something mean-spirited and ugly. People who chose to view those who spend each day fighting mental illness as weak. Those who chose to be vocal about suicide or the contemplation of it being cowardly.
And it is so far from that. Imagine spending each day, knowing your brain is going to lie to you, and fight with you. Imagine going to bed every night, and knowing the next day will probably not be any better, but trying anyway. Imagine the strength and courage it would take to spend ten, twenty, thirty years, fighting a voice in your head that says you are not good enough, that says you never will be; a miserable, poisonous something that harasses you, day in and day out.
That isn’t weakness. That is STRENGTH.
I wanted to write something that would showcase the amount of inner strength it would take to live with such a thing, and how difficult it might be to try to explain it to others. So I wrote Heckled.
This will not be a book that everyone loves, and I’m okay with that. Honestly, I’m expecting mean reviews. But if it makes anyone stop, think, maybe start a conversation about a hard topic, then I’ll be satisfied I did what I set out to do.
If you read Heckled, please come back and tell me what you thought about it. | 2019-04-24T02:05:04Z | https://organizingchaosandothermisadventures.wordpress.com/tag/mental-illness/ | Porn | Reference | 0.342571 |
wordpress | Are Footballers Really That Dumb?
Rightly or wrongly, footballers have become icons and role models for a whole generation of children, and sadly adults alike.
Let’s compare & contrast, the idiot above is one Mario Balotelli, when he’s not struggling to put his bib on, he’s getting sent off, crashing one of his cars, sneaking into women’s prisons and calling rival fans out to a fight , great role model for us all to aspire to.
But for every ten Balotelli’s, you get one Omar “Fredi” Kanoute.
The man who gave over €300,000 (£260,000) to prevent a local mosque from closing and played with masking tape over the 888 on his Sevilla shirt because he did not want to advertise a bookmaker, as well as the gesture of solidarity with his fellow Muslims in Palestine that landed him a hefty censure and fine.
Unfortunately with the money in today’s game, today’s idiot footballers will produce tomorrow’s middle classes, a shuddering thought if there ever was one.
The Palestinian national football team took on Thailand in Ramallah on Wednesday, in the first competitive game to be held on Palestinian soil for more than 50 years.
Despite the result on the night, The Football Palestine blog points out that the game was attended by AFC President Muhammad Bin Hamam who is the key man in deciding whether Palestine will be able to play their home games on Palestinian soil.
The positives of the game were that Palestine did not back down. The crowd got behind them and they really put Thailand on the back foot.
The goal from Abu Habeeb was fantastic and he is one to watch for in the future. Khaled Jamal’s energetic performance deserved a goal, he held up play very well.
Individually, you can’t really pick out a player who underachieved.
Ramzan Kadyrov continues to cement his rule in Chechnya, this time by inviting the Brazil football team to play his own Chechnya.
Whilst peace & prosperity has been a long time coming in the area, The Akh can’t help but wondering how long it will last, considering Kadyrov is Moscow’s chosen strong arm dictator.
Chechnya is one of those places that The Akh would like to visit, a place of immense natural beauty, off the beaten track, halal food and Masajids to pray in and perhaps even taking in a game of football whilst there.
Grozny, during the brutal Russian invasion.
If there’s no football on, The Akh may get in on some bride snatching action, apparently it’s all the rage in Chechnya.
Gennaro Gattuso Attacks Joe Jordan, But Who Would Win In A Fight?
AC Milan’s cuddly little teddy bear Gennaro Gattuso went at it with Joe “Jaws” Jordan after last nights football match.
The funniest thing is that there have been few more fearsome sights in the European game than Joe ‘Jaws’ Jordan without his front teeth.
In fact Joe was voted in at the 34th hardest footballer of all time.
So who would win in a street fight?
I reckon Jordan would go all Clint Eastwood on him, like in the clip from Gran Torino.
Adios Judas (Fernando Torres) you had a chance to be a red legend….playing for plastic fans in london in the shed doesn’t compare….enjoy the wages.
At least we got top money for you, unlike the midget (owen) who ran down his contract and left for madrid for peanuts.
Luis Suarez has already scored on his debut, despite not playing for two months, while Carroll (nowhere close to providing any sort of value) was more of a panic buy then a well thought out purchase.
One monkey leaving doesn’t stop the circus. | 2019-04-24T22:27:42Z | https://hotterthanapileofcurry.wordpress.com/tag/football/ | Porn | Sports | 0.731025 |
wordpress | EVEN as a twenty-something, I can fully understand the anxieties experienced when new technologies are released that we would like to try for ourselves, but which seem rather complex and perhaps difficult to handle. Anything that’s more complicated than a remote control has the potential to put anyone who considers themselves as “technologically illiterate” into a mild state of depression.
To generalise, teenagers seem to have a natural ability to immediately grasp and take control of new techno devices without ever having to consult a manual or use the help function. Having to read a manual for anything digital seems like avoidable homework to me, but lately I find myself having to refer to at least three pages of one before I feel that I have at least come close to mastering it.
Technology developers know about this consumer anxiety and most go as far as they can to keep things “simple-stupid”. We don’t necessarily need to understand how a piece of tech works to enjoy the benefits of it, but in order to operate most devices effectively, we do need to know how it communicates.
We are all naturally adept at reading body language and understanding hand gestures, which is something that is now being taught to computers. Touch technology is becoming a revolutionary method of naturally communicating with computers and represents a fundamental change in the way we interact with digital content. This is all becoming possible with Microsoft Surface.
Microsoft Surface is a multi-touch computer that responds to natural hand gestures and real-world objects, helping people interact with digital content in simple and intuitive ways. With a large, horizontal user interface, multiple users can collaboratively and simultaneously interact with data and each other.
It’s as easy as grabbing digital content with your hands and moving information with simple gestures and touches. Surface is also able to “see” and interact with objects placed on the screen, allowing you to move information between devices such as cellphones and cameras.
The technology has been increasingly employed by businesses worldwide as it has proven to be a more efficient method of delivering information and services to customers. Because the interface is so intuitive, people generally find it easy to learn. The multi-touch and multi-user capabilities also help create a collaborative experience, helping to rid one of any anxieties.
As I mentioned, one doesn’t usually have to know how a piece of tech works in order to enjoy the benefits of it, but I can relate to those who have a burning desire to know how everything works.
Microsoft Surface uses cameras and image recognition in the infrared range to recognise different types of objects, such as fingers, tagged items and shapes. This input is then processed by the computer and the resulting interaction is displayed using rear projection. The user can manipulate content and interact with the computer using natural touch and hand gestures, rather than using a typical mouse and keyboard.
Microsoft Surface represents a leap ahead in digital interaction, with the ability to wirelessly connect with several other devices such as printers, networks, mobile devices, card readers and more. The sophisticated camera system of Surface sees what is touching it and recognises fingers, hands, paintbrushes, tagged objects and a myriad of other real-world items.
Direct interaction: users can grab digital information with their hands and interact with content on-screen by touch and gesture — without using a mouse or keyboard.
Multi-user experience: the large, horizontal, 75 cm display makes it easy for several people to gather and interact with Microsoft Surface — providing a collaborative, face-to-face computing experience.
Multi-touch: Microsoft Surface responds to many points of contact simultaneously — not just from one finger (as with a typical touch screen), but from dozens of contact points at once, 52 to be exact.
Object recognition: users can place physical, digital objects on the screen to trigger different types of digital responses — providing for a multitude of applications, such as the transfer of digital content to a mobile device.
Microsoft Surface is based on the Windows Vista SP1 operating system. The rugged table-top structure has powerful processors, a streamlined operating system and intuitive interface, which makes it unlike any computer on the market today.
The current version for the software platform is Microsoft Surface 1.0 Service Pack 1, which gives Surface an enhanced user interface, improved manageability to help reduce the cost of ownership, broader international support, and faster, easier ways to design innovative applications.
TOR is a particularly innovative feature of Microsoft Surface. The tag is what allows Surface to uniquely identify objects — helping the system tell the difference between identical-looking bottles of wine, for example.
Applications can also use a tag to start a command or action. By simply placing a tagged object on the screen, the tag can tell Surface to display unique information about that tagged object, such as showing more information about a bottle of wine, the wine grower, and even the type of grape and vintage.
A tagged object might also identify a cardholder so they can charge purchases. There is a video I saw of Bill Gates demonstrating this by ordering drinks for himself and an awestruck reviewer, and then paying for them by placing his credit card on the computer’s surface.
With capabilities such as direct interaction, multi-touch, multi-user, and object recognition, as well as the means for application development, Microsoft Surface certainly represents the next stage of computing. It is also certainly one new piece of technology that we can all get to grips with. | 2019-04-19T07:46:10Z | https://witnessthis.wordpress.com/tag/computers/ | Porn | Computers | 0.132057 |
wordpress | I recently found these beautiful pictures of my Great Grandmother and Great Grandfather in Hawaii. I absolutely love the way they use to dress back then. It’s so chic and classy. | 2019-04-22T20:45:42Z | https://ebbiemag.wordpress.com/2011/10/08/beauties-run-in-the-family/ | Porn | Society | 0.394153 |
wordpress | How lovely is the Hebe flower, a spike of dozens of little flowers that cluster to perfection. I remember this plant as a child …. I don’t think it appealed to me much then, but now I love to be greeted by this hardy shrub. Once established they are so easy to care for and… Continue reading Hebe Beauty! | 2019-04-20T06:25:19Z | https://garnetfleuri.wordpress.com/tag/garden/ | Porn | Reference | 0.437884 |
wordpress | It’s been a rough night and morning. I thought I was doing better yesterday, but last night was a little hard. I thought perhaps my swelling had peaked. All the sites say swelling peaks normally at 36-48 hours, and it’d already been 48 hours. I went on to bed around 9 and woke up a couple of hours later, happy that I managed to mostly sleep through that long. I immediately noticed that my upper facial swelling was up and I felt like crap.
DH said he couldn’t tell a difference but I could tell that it was worse. I ended up calling him down after about an hour (he’s sleeping upstairs). You just reach the point where you can’t think of what else to do. It’s the middle of the night and my pain meds aren’t due for several more hours. I don’t think I should be icing so much now but it does relieve some of the pain and heat. And my ice is gone anyway. I’m researching websites on my cell phone with tired eyes that have a hard time focusing because of the pressure around them. Well my sweetie sits with me while I fuss about things in with my grunty animations. He helps me remember that I have saline sprays that I have hardly used that could help. He brings me ice and lets me tell him all my symptoms. He sets his alarm for 3am so I can take my pain meds as soon as they are due. My jaws are throbbing where they’re cut, and the swelling is throbbing as well. Once I take them, the nausea flares up again and then I have to take nausea medication, which he heats up for me so my stomach can handle it. It dawns on me that the emotional support from my husband is worth as much or more as any of the medical support. Sitting alone with my pain in the dark is nowhere the same as sitting with with someone you love in the light. I’m pretty blessed.
So I do manage to sleep off and on for four hours after that, longest yet. I’m so proud of myself, but when I get up exhaustion and nausea hit me. When I’m asked what I want for breakfast I say flippant things like pancakes or eggs & bacon, because I do want real food. Somehow everything we have that I can eat, makes my tummy twist up at the thought of it. I force down, over the course of 45-60 minutes, about 1 cup of yogurt smoothie, 2 bites of a fruit concoction, and about three drinks of hot tea. It’s not really enough calories but I feel like I’ve run a marathon just getting that in me. I exert the willpower knowing I need the nutrients to get better. I will have to face this every meal, 6 meals a day for several more weeks. The thought of it exhausts me.
So anyway now I’ve had my pain meds again, and I’m doing better. The wonders of medicine. But I know it will wear off before my next dose is due. They make me sleepy, but I know that if I sit up some, and walk around some, and take a shower, I will feel better too.
Here’s my daily bad pictures. Maybe they don’t look as bad as it feels.
You look great! I know it doesn’t feel like it now, but a lot of that swelling will go away. I know exactly how you feel with the nausea, I actually had to go to the ER because I threw up on Day 5 due to all the narcotics. Luckily I was able to get completely off them by Day 8, and just using Ibuprofen helped tremendously. Getting any kind of food on your stomach also helps. Don’t worry, it DOES get better from here, I promise!
Thanks. I did throw up my meds tonight. Well call the doctor in the morning. Surely something can help. I barely ate today.
It all sounds a bit scary. Hope you’re feeling a lot better soon. You certainly look pretty good.
Thanks, I think I am in the worst of it, in this first week after surgery. I cried this afternoon (bad idea) because I couldn’t eat and felt so yucky.
Stay strong, soldier! You look great. | 2019-04-23T19:26:47Z | https://gftn.wordpress.com/2013/12/15/day-6/ | Porn | Home | 0.55178 |
tripod | WHAT /WHO ARE WE LISTENING TO?
The boy Samuel ministered before the LORD under Eli. In those days the word of the LORD was rare; there were not many visions.
This 3rd chapter of 1 Samuel is the story of the call of Samuel.
Samuel will be God’s prophet at the beginning of the monarchy in Israel.
Samuel will anoint David as the promised leader to be Israel’s King.
I was struck by the way this story begins.
Could we say the same today?
I suppose in some ways God and God’s word seems to be spoken and heard, sung and listened to all the time.
There are any numbers of cable channels… books… lectures… revivals… special Christian special interest groups.
You name it and it’s out there.
There are even quite a few Christian dating groups online that promise to link you up romantically with another believer.
It would seem that God is spoken about or speaking to or listened to or invoked in favor of everything everywhere.
The people willing to tell you what God is saying to you or to the country or to the world form a line that goes around the block.
who make pronouncements in God’s name.
Rare because God may well be fed up by those who falsely interpret what they God is saying.
Rare because God can barely get a word in edgewise with all the noise and chatter spoken in his name.
And we might not hear God when God truly chose to speak.
This story in 1 Samuel describes such a dilemma.
In his sleep… Samuel hears someone call him.
We are told that 3 times he hears someone calling out to him.
Being a novice in the priesthood… Samuel naturally thinks that his teacher, Eli, is calling out to him.
So Samuel goes to see what his teacher wants of him.
But Eli tells the boy to get back to sleep… Eli has not called him.
Notice we are told that Samuel has not learned the ways and the words of God.
Now Samuel did not yet know the LORD : The word of the LORD had not yet been revealed to him.
Hard to know who is speaking to you if you don’t know them or what they sound like.
In my neighborhood… every one of my friends knew each other’s mother’s voice.
Even in the midst of a hard fought athletic contest… our mothers’ cry for dinner or to come home could be heard.
For my mother… it was her whistle.
I could distinguish that whistle above the birds of the air or the trains running by.
So could all my friends.
And I knew that when her whistle sounded… my game was over.
Samuel’s problem was that he did not know god intimately yet.
Samuel had not heard God speak or call to him.
So when God did call to Samuel, he just assumed it was Eli.
"I did not call; go back and lie down."
A la WC Fields “Go away kid… you bother me,” Eli dismisses the young apprentice.
Probably too excited to get started in the priesthood.
That’s all I need… Eli thinks… a way too eager kid who thinks he hears voices in the middle of the night.
Maybe his mother made a mistake leaving him here.
Maybe the kid won’t fit in.
Maybe he better sleep on it.
But there is no rest for Eli.
And certainly no rest for a God who won’t stop calling out until he gets the right person to answer him.
The LORD called Samuel a third time.
Again the boy goes to Eli .
But this time he gets a different response.
When God calls again, Samuel answers as instructed.
Given what God tells young Samuel… he may have very well wished that he had not heard… or that God had called upon someone else with this terrible word.
For God tells Samuel he is about to carry out something terrible.
"See, I am about to do something in Israel that will make the ears of everyone who hears of it tingle.
God then proceeds to tell young Samuel that the punishment he head sworn to carry out against Eli and his family.
The young student is rightly terrified by what God has said to him.
For the words pronounce judgment upon his mentor and teacher.
For such a divine audience Samuel shows neither enthusiasm nor thanks.
In fact… the story says he was afraid to say anything to Eli.
Not until Eli tells Samuel that no matter what it is… he must speak what God has told him to speak.
Would that everyone who feels that God has given to speak a divine and prophetic word demonstrated such fear and reluctance.
You can trust a fearful prophet, but, beware of the enthusiastic one.
Not just this story… but the stories of scriptures are filled with those who fearful and reluctant men and women who heard and dreaded… ran and hid from the prophetic vocation.
Moses pleaded he could not speak… but hey my brother Aaron got an A in speech class.
Poor old Jonah who tried to ignore the bishop’s new appointment in Ninevah by taking a slow boat to a nice little rural church in Tarshish.
Even Jesus in the Gethsemane trying to find another way.
Can you show me now that I would not be killed in vain?
Show me just a little of your omnipresent brain.
Show me there's a reason for your wanting me to die.
You're far to keen and where and how, but not so hot on why.
You can search through the Bible and you will not find people running up to get in line to speak God’s prophetic words to God’s people.
They all seem to be running the other way.
Some thousands years later… I don’t believe its changed.
Tomorrow we pause in our work and school and play to remember another of God’s reluctant prophets.
It is easier now to encase Martin Luther King Jr. in sainthood.
Time and distance obscure the sorrow with which he lived and preached and the edge of his words.
King found no joy in confronting the violence of racism in America and the violence of war in Vietnam.
It broke his heart… strained his personal health and family life.
Eventually it cost him his life.
How many reluctant and heartbroken prophets do you hear?
When you sort through the books and videos… cable casts and lectures… what do you hear?
Reluctant and heartbroken people in a scared and barely audible voice.
Someone who trembles when they pronounce judgment.
Or do you hear shouting angry tirades… walking around the stage in their fine clothes in their fine sanctuary.
How many are like Samuel… too scared to speak for fear the terrible words will bring danger upon their friends?
How many are like Pat Robertson and others… so eager to interpret God’s word of vengeance and judgment that they rush in front of the cameras to enlighten us with their latest divine revelation.
Particularly moving for me is the last verse.
The LORD was with Samuel as he grew up, and he let none of his words fall to the ground.
Then they fall to the ground and get soiled with the rest of the clamor and noise that pollute our communal conversations and robs us of our vision.
If the words we hear from God are spoken in the spirit of love and truth.
Then we can be and live as young Samuel. | 2019-04-25T14:19:01Z | http://revsbrown.tripod.com/sermons/id3.html | Porn | Society | 0.191105 |
wordpress | Stir-frying, broiling and grilling are all excellent ways to prepare foods. Steaming vegetables with a touch of garlic for flavour makes a good side dish. Combine that with some brown rice. That is one good sample of healthy cooking.
When making desserts, substitute applesauce for fat, cut the amount of sugar called for in half and use egg whites instead of eggs. Reach for either dried fruit or fresh fruit instead of a candy bar. Why not have a Melon Scoop Salad for dessert? Eliminate sodas and increase your water intake instead. When buying juice, read the label. If it contains juice made from concentrate or lists sugar as an ingredient then know that it contains more sugar than juice. Aim for buying the ones that list only the fruit and water or that state it is not from concentrate. Use less sugar when making cookies or dessert.
One of the simplest ways to increase the nutrient-dense foods in your diet is to eat as much fruit and vegetables, preferably raw, as you would like. Carrots, bananas, and apples are very portable and provide you with energy, vitamins and minerals. Studies show that people who eat several servings of fruits and veggies daily benefit in numerous ways. Also, due to their high fiber content, many fruits and vegetables are more satisfying to our bodies, meaning we tend to need less of them in order to feel full. One recipe for you to try out Salad Greens with Strawberry vinaigrette. If you are looking to fill up without eating too many calories, try these foods: baked potatoes, fish, oatmeal (with no butter or cream), oranges, apples, whole-wheat pasta, grapes, bran cereal, bananas and popcorn.
Changing our high-fat, high-calorie diet for a low-fat one is not about depriving ourselves. Instead, when you crave a certain food, eat it in moderation. This also does not mean that you need to avoid eating at restaurants. Just remember, when you eat one high fat meal, you need to follow that with three low-fat meals. You can also decrease the amount of fat and calories you eat when you are at a restaurant. Ask for the salad dressing on the side so you can put a little instead of too much. Look for broiled, grilled, or stir-fried selections. Ask if you can substitute egg whites for the whole egg in omelettes and other egg selections. At home try having an Eggwhite Omelette for breakfast at least once a week. Eating pasta with a tomato-based sauce versus a cream-based sauce is always a lower-fat choice.
Here we have dwelt on healthy cooking and suggest a lifestyle change for the better. Not only will you become fit, but you will feel better as well.
All those who read must have come across the latest findings on the new diet rules for Asian Indians splashed in the national dailies today.
High time we got to read all the data, because what is measured then gets corrected! I am not sure how many of us are keen about following the suggested recommendations, but it pays in the long run to take some pointers from these studies. It is better to be careful about our diets so that we can live for longer with less disease.
First thing that strikes is that, Indians are recommended to stay off saturated fats – because the urban and semi-urban person is becoming more and more sedentary. That is why the expanding waistlines. Next, is to include complex carbohydrates like cereals and pulses in the daily diet. Also, fibre needs to be taken seriously and made a part of the diet. That means including more fruits (with peel!) and vegetables. Protein too has to come up so look at soya, whole grains and milk. Lastly, and the most important, salt intake is to come down.
All the lifestyle related diseases like diabetes, obesity and heart diseases have precipitated in the last decade. So if you were thirty then and now looking at the forties with some fear, take heart because if we pick ourselves now, the fifties will be fighting fit!
I have been a staunch supporter of homemade food. My recipes are brought across to you in such a way that even a novice cook gets the confidence of ‘I can cook’. Have one healthy homemade meal a day for your heart’s sake…and then increase the number to two and then three.
With so many lifestyle diseases being evident today it is time to incorporate more fruits in our daily diet because fruits are great sources of vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals (a group of compounds that may help prevent diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes) and soluble fibre. Except for a few varieties (coconut, olives, avocados) all fruits are low in fat and calories. Fruits play an essential role in imbibing a healthy balanced diet. Fruits also satisfy your sweet tooth without loading up on calories. Try Sizzling fruits with mixed fruit sauce.
Selecting top quality fruits: Choose in-season fruits. Select fruits that feel heavy for their size as heaviness is a good sign of juiciness. Smell fruits for characteristic aromas. Fruits should generally have their characteristic ripe scent but not smell overly ripe. For example, muskmelon should not smell too musty, especially if you do not plan to eat it right away. Also test the texture. A kiwi that feels mushy to the touch is too ripe. However, an avocado with a somewhat spongy texture is ideal. Be sensitive to the correct texture for the specific fruit you are interested in. Enjoy a plate of Fruit Chaat and then read on…..
• Prepare fresh fruit within about an hour of serving to maximize flavour, texture and nutrients. Some salads benefit from a little chilling time (about 30-60 minutes) for the various flavours to mingle well together.
• Wash all fruits thoroughly under cold running water before cutting or eating whole. This includes those fruits with hard shells or skins, such as melons. That is because the knife you use to cut the melon could transfer germs from the surface into the flesh. Wash your hands before and after handling fresh fruits.
• Leave on edible peels whenever possible. The peels of apples, pears and most fruits with pits add interesting colour and texture to recipes and contain added nutrients and fibre.
• Remove zest from citrus peels before discarding and save it for other recipes. The zest is the thin, brightly coloured, outermost layer of citrus fruit, such as lemons or oranges. Grated or shredded, it adds a bright spark of flavour and colour enhancement to both sweet and savoury dishes.
A healthy diet does not have to be monotonous. Be adventurous. A dish like Mixed Fruit Kheer can brighten up your evening meal. Try all the new and unfamiliar fruits. You may be surprised to find that you like them, and they will add interest to your plans of following a healthy balanced diet.
• One in every four persons believes that eating breakfast is not such a good idea simply because breakfast opens up the gates of appetite and then one feels hungry all day long. The fact is that if breakfast is not composed of complex and simple carbohydrates, some protein and a little fat it is not a filling meal. The choice of wrong foods leads to faster digestion hence hunger. Breakfast is a must source of energy needed to get through the morning. Try recipes like Hot and Sour Idlis.
• Vegetarians generally have a view that being non-meat eaters they have the healthiest option in diet. It is not so. Certain foods like cheese and nuts favoured by vegetarians are very high in fat and cholesterol. Also the strict vegans who choose not to consume dairy products need to be careful about appropriate intake of nutrients. Vegetarianism, speaking strictly, is not the healthiest diet, but with sensible planning can be a very healthy diet.
• And then there are those who starve for a few days to drop kilos quickly! What happens is that it is mainly loss of water and muscle. When one does not eat with a view to fasting leading to cleansing of the body the reverse is happening as unwanted body chemicals like ketones build up in the time the body does not have nourishment. The kidneys feel the strain and the general health suffers.
• We often reach out for food that claims to be fat free thinking that one could skimp on calories. Fat free foods generally will have some other ingredients like sugar to replace the taste and texture of fat. Consequently, fat free does not really satisfy the taste buds or provide the essential vitamins that protect vital organs.
A small but important point in conclusion: Learn to identify hunger cues and try not to be tempted by larger portions. Overeating is detrimental to health and healthy eating comes from conscious effort to know your body’s requirement. | 2019-04-19T03:17:18Z | https://sanjeevkapoor.wordpress.com/category/fruits/ | Porn | Health | 0.205587 |
typepad | A little bit of forethought and planning can make a big difference to your organization's ability to keep communicating during a disaster, and once your team has been through a disaster like Sandy, it'll have a much better idea of what to expect next time.
After disaster hits, be prepared to improvise. After the power grid for lower Manhattan went down, Remaley just started walking north from his apartment on the Lower East Side and kept walking until he was able to get a cell phone signal thirty-five blocks later.
Make sure you have personal e-mail addresses for all staff and that they are cloud-based like Gmail addresses.
To be an effective communicator during a crisis, you have to already have a loyal audience that follows you on a number of channels -- blogs, Web sites, Twitter, Facebook, etc.
When you have a great team of people who are determined to stay connected, you can find mechanisms to make it work. There are so many channels for communicating now that, unless there is absolutely no cell service at all, you can find ways of establishing two-way communication with your key audiences even amidst significant system disruptions.
On Blackbaud's new NPEngage blog, Steve MacLaughlin looks at how fundraising in support of Superstorm Sandy relief efforts compares to that of other recent natural disasters, from the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004, to Hurricane Katrina in 2005, to the Japanese earthquake and tsunami in 2011. MacLaughlin says there are at least two aspects of Sandy giving to watch, including a rise in multi-screen fundraising and the long tail. "Giving to this and other disasters is going to continue for some time," writes MacLaughlin. "And very soon it will be important for organizations to start showing the impact these donations have had on those hit hardest by the storm."
On the Stanford Social Innovation Review blog, Measuring the Networked Nonprofit co-author Beth Kanter discusses how online social networking tools such as LinkedIn Board Connect make it easier for nonprofits to find the right people for their boards. "On LinkedIn, you can see past first connections, and check out a potential candidate's knowledge and their network," writes Kanter. "If all board members add their networks, this produces a richer set of potential candidates. And, remember, you are not just adding a board member to your team -- you are also adding their network."
In time for Veterans Day, Matt Cifaldi, a community engagement associate at Idealist, gives a shoutout to a handful of nonprofits working to address the needs of veterans, from providing retirees with counseling and arts programs to matching them with a companion dog or cat.
In a post on her blog, Rosetta Thurman reminds us that regardless of who was elected president, it's up to each of us to address the collective challenges we face by being engaged members of society. "No president can or will dramatically change our communities," writes Thurman. "We have to do that ourselves. It is important to stay rooted in the reality that WE have to work for the change we want to see...."
On the Duck Call blog, Big Duck's Sarah Durham has some advice for underresourced nonprofits based on this year's presidential campaigns.
Silver's analytic model relies on calculating the probability that each candidate will win based on the results of numerous state and national polls. The model is inherently dependent on the quality of each of those polls but it also benefits from the sheer number of polls done during a presidential election. | 2019-04-25T00:16:13Z | https://pndblog.typepad.com/pndblog/2012/11/weekend-link-roundup-november-10-11-2012.html | Porn | Business | 0.668177 |
fc2 | Psychological terror or mobbing in working life involves hostile and unethical communication which is directed in a systematic manner by one or more individuals, mainly toward one individual, who, due to mobbing, is pushed into a helpless and defenseless position and held there by means of continuing mobbing activities.
These actions occur on a very frequent basis (statistical definition: at least once a week) and over a long period of time (statistical definition: at least six months´ duration). Because of the high frequency and long duration of hostile behavior, this maltreatment results in considerable mental, psychosomatic and social misery.
Copyright © 集団ストーカー現象について考える All Rights Reserved. | 2019-04-19T01:13:29Z | http://wanderer0000005.blog52.fc2.com/blog-entry-220.html | Porn | Reference | 0.484628 |
wordpress | September 13, 2013 by Tam, I am.
Many of you may not know this, but one of my sons has Asperger’s Syndrome. After many years of trying to force public schools to meet his needs, my husband and I decided to school him from home. Public schools, and how they educate pupils with special needs, deserves a post of its own. Wait for it, it is coming. But that is not what I want to discuss today.
Virginia utilizes a “Virginia Studies” course for fourth grade students. The curriculum mandates instruction and retention of information about the state’s history, ranging from Jamestown to the Civil War. Naturally, there is no way to not include the plight of the Native peoples and Africans. My child noticed right away how the language used, in an official textbook, didn’t describe events, as they truly happened.
(Him) Wow! This book is really not accurate, Mom.
(Me) Well, no, son. It does not tell the whole story.
He saw right through the book’s attempt to force the Natives into the role of aggressors.
(Him) How can the English really be called pioneers? Pioneers settle land that hasn’t been settled before. This land was settled. And how come my book calls them savages? And why weren’t they (the settlers) nicer to the tribes that taught them how to survive? This book is not good! Who wrote this thing?
He laughed at how the enslaved Africans were portrayed.
(Him) Everybody knows that the slaves wouldn’t be laughing and dancing after all the work was done. Slavery was not fun! This book is stupid.
In all fairness, Aspies tend to have highly focused interests in certain topics. The Powhatan tribes are one of his “things”. But what of those children who trust what is written in their textbooks? What message are we sending when Native peoples are seen as wild things who just needed to be tamed? And the atrocity that is slavery is made out to be just a job, with singing and dancing at night?
Then, I was reminded of the fight in Texas.
In recent years, board members have been locked in an ideological battle between a block of conservatives who question Darwin’s theory of evolution and believe the Founding Fathers were guided by Christian principles, and a handful of Democrats and moderate Republicans who have fought to preserve the teaching of Darwinism and the separation of church and state.
Really? Dinosaurs and humans? The KKK a decent organization? Slave masters and the Great Depression were not so bad. Really? Because math is too hard and we have good reason to doubt climate change. No use fighting the rapture, ..excuse me.., globalization.
Is it really a surprise that our children are falling through the cracks?
Look. I get it. We are Americans. We want our children to be proud of their country. We want them to recognize that America is one hell of a great place to live. We, Americans, feel exceptional.
We will not allow someone to impose their will on us, because we have our own will! It has helped us to conquer! We are a victorious people! It is in our genes, in our genetic code!
This is all to remind you that every country feels it is exceptional. History and facts are not ours to change, shape, and mold. Our children deserve to know what happened, as it actually happened. They deserve to hear many sides of the same story. What we have been giving them, and seemingly want to continue to give to them, is propaganda.
Adam did not ride the back of Brontosaurus. Slavery was not a club. Natives were not savages. The KKK and the Great Depression were horrible. There is a separation between church and state. Climate change is real.
Our children truly are our future. Pride in our country is all fine and dandy. I just don’t want to hear my grandchildren asking, about their textbooks, …Who wrote this thing? | 2019-04-18T17:09:34Z | https://evergreeninstitute.wordpress.com/author/tam4mom/ | Porn | Kids | 0.466576 |
wordpress | I also added a size legend on the right side of the plot. This scale legend helps in interpreting the size of the dots. The legend gives, first of all, an immediate sense of the range spanned by the data displayed. Secondarily it allows a quick and rough comparison between the data points and it gives an idea of the data points’ distribution. The code for the size legend is a bit cumbersome because I found it easier to keep these objects separated from the other objects in the graph rather than updating them.
The last significant improvement was the option to visualize the difference using its absolute value or its actual value. Using the absolute value made it easier to translate the amplitude of the difference into the size of the circle because I did not have to bother about representing negative values when the RT difference was negative. However, I bypassed the issue of non-existing negative sizes adding two other colors to the plot. Hopefully, the graph remains interpretable also with the added layer of colored fuzziness.
The code could also be optimized and re-written in a clever way. For example, while updating the legend from a transition to another, I found it easier to remove the objects created with the legend than to update their values. But for now it works like this.
As a last cool note: we managed to display the graph on a poster at a conference. Of course, because the graph is interactive it could not be printed directly on paper. However, we could print on the poster a QR-code which redirected the participants’ mobile devices to the webpage of the interactive visualization. It made the poster presentation almost interactive and that is, in my opinion, pretty pretty cool. | 2019-04-21T12:14:42Z | https://paolotoffanin.wordpress.com/2018/04/09/can-we-make-it-5/ | Porn | Science | 0.284642 |
wikipedia | Tamaño de esta previsualización: 750 × 600 píxeles. Otras resoluciones: 300 × 240 píxeles · 600 × 480 píxeles · 960 × 768 píxeles · 1280 × 1024 píxeles · 2785 × 2228 píxeles.
This painting by Donald E. Davis depicts an asteroid slamming into tropical, shallow seas of the sulfur-rich Yucatan Peninsula in what is today southeast Mexico. The aftermath of this immense asteroid collision, which occurred approximately 65 million years ago, is believed to have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs and many other species on Earth. The impact spewed hundreds of billions of tons of sulfur into the atmosphere, producing a worldwide blackout and freezing temperatures which persisted for at least a decade. Shown in this painting are pterodactyls, flying reptiles with wingspans of up to 50 feet, gliding above low tropical clouds. | 2019-04-24T20:50:30Z | Porn | Arts | 0.954225 |
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wordpress | My sob story continues this week, as I was laid off after 4 loyal years of ups and downs. I have mixed feelings about it really. I was happy and sad to go all at the same time. Tonight I took comfort in my Grandma Pratt’s Molasses Crinkles. For whatever reason they make me feel a little better.
A door has been closed and another opened, and who knows what opportunities lay ahead. I came across a friend’s 100th blogpost this morning and it was meant for me. With a bright and calming photo and quote, it’s worth a looksy (click here).
Note: You’ll need 1/2 cup granulated sugar for rolling dough balls into.
Preheat oven to 375*F. Combine the sifted dry ingredients into the bowl of creamed ingredients and mix together. Roll dough into small balls. Roll into granulated sugar until the ball is completely covered with sugar. Place on greased baking sheet about 2 inches apart. Bake 8-9 minutes. Let cool a few minutes on baking sheet, transfer to a cooling rack.
Dude, I’m so sorry. Your thoughts on the matter, however, and great and very centered…but I guess you’ve always come across to me as someone who has a very balanced and peaceful perspective.
Thanks for sharing this recipe. I find myself in need of some delicious cookies, and these are most certainly in the running (I’m also considering those brown butter chocolate chip ones…). Good luck and much love!
Thanks Jeanus! I really like that quote, it is good for everything.
2. Thanks for the link! I’m glad you like the photo and quote. That quote is one of my favorites.
3. Those cookies look so amazing. I keep trying to lick my computer monitor. My coworkers think I’ve lost my mind, but if I send them the link they will lick their screens, too. | 2019-04-24T14:49:46Z | https://urbanstrawberries.wordpress.com/2011/05/28/molasses-crinkles/ | Porn | Computers | 0.596551 |
wikipedia | For assistance with IPA transcriptions of Spanish for Wikipedia articles, see Help:IPA/Spanish.
This article is about the phonology and phonetics of the Spanish language. Unless otherwise noted, statements refer to Castilian Spanish, the standard dialect used in Spain on radio and television. For historical development of the sound system see History of Spanish. For details of geographical variation see Spanish dialects and varieties.
Phonemes are written inside slashes (/ /) and allophones inside brackets ([ ]).
The phonemes /b/, /d/, and /ɡ/ are realized as approximants (namely [β̞, ð̞, ɣ˕], hereafter represented without the downtack) or fricatives in all places except after a pause, after a nasal consonant, or—in the case of /d/—after a lateral consonant; in such contexts they are realized as voiced stops.
The phoneme /ʝ/ is realized as an approximant in all contexts except after a pause, a nasal, or a lateral. In these environments, it may be realized as an affricate ([ɟʝ]). The approximant allophone differs from non-syllabic /i/ in a number of ways; it has a lower F2 amplitude, is longer, can only appear in the syllable onset (including word-initially, where non-syllabic /i/ normally never appears), is a palatal fricative in emphatic pronunciations, and is unspecified for rounding (e.g. viuda [ˈbjuða] 'widow' vs ayuda [aˈʝʷuða] 'help'). The two also overlap in distribution after /l/ and /n/: enyesar [eɲɟʝeˈsaɾ] ('to plaster') aniego [aˈnjeɣo] ('flood'). Although there is dialectal and ideolectal variation, speakers may also exhibit other near-minimal pairs like abyecto ('abject') vs abierto ('opened'). There are some alternations between the two, prompting scholars like Alarcos Llorach (1950) to postulate an archiphoneme /I/, so that ley [lei̯] would be transcribed phonemically as /ˈleI/ and leyes [ˈleʝes] as /ˈleIes/.
In a number of varieties, including some American ones, a process parallel to the one distinguishing non-syllabic /i/ from consonantal /ʝ/ occurs for non-syllabic /u/ and a rare consonantal /w̝/. Near-minimal pairs include deshuesar [dezw̝eˈsaɾ] ('to bone') vs. desuello [deˈsweʎo] ('skinning'), son huevos [ˈsoŋ ˈw̝eβos] ('they are eggs') vs son nuevos [ˈsoⁿ ˈnweβos] ('they are new'), and huaca [ˈ(ɡ)w̝aka] ('Indian grave') vs u oca [ˈwoka] ('or goose').
Many young Argentinians have no distinct /ɲ/ phoneme and use the /ni/ sequence instead, thus making no distinction between huraño and uranio (both [uˈɾanjo]).
The phoneme /ʎ/ (as distinct from /ʝ/) is found in some areas in Spain (mostly northern and rural) and some areas of South America (mostly highlands).
Most speakers in Spain (except for Western Andalusia and all Canary Islands), including the variety prevalent on radio and television, have both /θ/ and /s/ (distinción). However, speakers in Latin America and those parts of southern Spain have only /s/ (seseo). Some speakers in southernmost Spain (especially coastal Andalusia) have only [s̄] (a consonant similar to /θ/) and not /s/ (ceceo). This "ceceo" is not entirely unknown in the Americas, especially in coastal Peru. The phoneme /s/ has three different pronunciations ("laminal s", "apical s" or "apical dental s") depending on dialect.
The phonemes /t/ and /d/ are laminal denti-alveolars ([t̪, d̪]). The phoneme /s/ becomes dental [s̪] before denti-alveolar consonants, while /θ/ remains interdental [θ̟] in all contexts.
Before front vowels /i, e/, the velar consonants /k, ɡ, x/ (including the lenited allophone of /ɡ/) are realized as post-palatal [k̟, ɡ˖, x̟, ɣ˕˖].
According to some authors, /x/ is post-velar or uvular in the Spanish of northern and central Spain. Others describe /x/ as velar in European Spanish, with a uvular allophone ([χ]) appearing before /o/ and /u/ (including when /u/ is in the syllable onset as [w]).
A common pronunciation of /f/ in nonstandard speech is the voiceless bilabial fricative [ɸ], so that fuera is pronounced [ˈɸweɾa] rather than [ˈfweɾa]. In some Extremaduran, western Andalusian, and American varieties, this softened realization of /f/, when it occurs before /w/, is subject to merger with /x/; in some areas the homophony of fuego/juego is resolved by replacing fuego with lumbre or candela.
/ʃ/ is a marginal phoneme that occurs only in loanwords; many speakers have difficulty with this sound, tending to replace it with /tʃ/ or /s/. In a number of dialects (most notably, Northern Mexican Spanish, informal Chilean Spanish, and some Caribbean and Andalusian accents) [ʃ] occurs, as a deaffricated /tʃ/. In parts of Argentina and Uruguay, [ʃ] is used instead of [ʝ] and [ʎ], a form of yeísmo.
Some of the phonemic contrasts between consonants in Spanish are lost in certain phonological environments, and especially in syllable-final position. In these cases the phonemic contrast is said to be neutralized.
The three nasal phonemes—/m/, /n/, and /ɲ/—maintain their contrast when in syllable-initial position (e.g. cama 'bed', cana 'grey hair', caña 'sugar cane'). In syllable-final position, this three-way contrast is lost as nasals assimilate to the place of articulation of the following consonant—even across a word boundary; or, if a nasal is followed by a pause rather than a consonant, it is realized for most speakers as alveolar [n] (though in Caribbean varieties this may instead be [ŋ] or an omitted nasal with nasalization of the preceding vowel). Thus /n/ is realized as [m] before labial consonants, and as [ŋ] before velar ones.
Similarly, /l/ assimilates to the place of articulation of a following coronal consonant, i.e. a consonant that is interdental, dental, alveolar, or palatal.
The alveolar trill [r] and the alveolar tap [ɾ] are in phonemic contrast word-internally between vowels (as in carro 'car' vs caro 'expensive'), but are otherwise in complementary distribution. Only the trill can occur after /l/, /n/, or /s/ (e.g. alrededor, enriquecer, Israel), and word-initially (e.g. rey 'king'). After a stop or fricative consonant (but not /s/), only the tap can occur (e.g. tres 'three', frío 'cold').
In syllable-final position, inside a word, the tap is more frequent, but the trill can also occur (especially in emphatic or oratorical style) with no semantic difference—thus arma ('weapon') may be either [ˈaɾma] (tap) or [ˈarma] (trill).
a tap when followed by a vowel-initial word, as in amo[ɾ] eterno ('eternal love').
When two rhotics occur consecutively across a word or prefix boundary, they result in one trill, so that da rocas ('s/he gives rocks') and dar rocas ('to give rocks') are either neutralized, or distinguished by a longer trill in the latter phrase.
The tap/trill alternation has prompted a number of authors to postulate a single underlying rhotic; the intervocalic contrast then results from gemination (e.g. tierra /ˈtieɾɾa/ > [ˈtjera] 'earth').
The phonemes /θ/, /s/, and /f/ become voiced before voiced consonants as in jazmín ('Jasmine') [xaðˈmin], rasgo ('feature') [ˈrazɣo], and Afganistán ('Afghanistan') [avɣanisˈtan]. There is a certain amount of free variation in this so that jazmín can be pronounced [xaθˈmin] or [xaðˈmin].
Nevertheless, there are some distributional gaps or rarities. For instance, an unstressed close vowel in the final syllable of a word is rare.
Because of substratal Quechua, at least some speakers from southern Colombia down through Peru can be analyzed to have only three vowel phonemes /i, u, a/, as the close [i, u] are continually confused with the mid [e, o], resulting in pronunciations such as [dolˈsoɾa] for dulzura ('sweetness'). When Quechua-dominant bilinguals have /e, o/ in their phonemic inventory, they realize them as [ɪ, ʊ], which are heard by outsiders as variants of /i, u/. Both of those features are viewed as strongly non-standard by other speakers.
Phonetic nasalization occurs for vowels occurring between nasal consonants or when preceding a syllable-final nasal, e.g. cinco [ˈθiŋko] ('five').
Arguably, Eastern Andalusian and Murcian Spanish have ten phonemic vowels, with each of the above vowels paired by a lowered or fronted and lengthened version, e.g. la madre [la ˈmaðɾe] ('the mother') vs. las madres [læ̞ː ˈmæ̞ːðɾɛː] ('the mothers'). However, these are more commonly analyzed as allophones triggered by an underlying /s/ that is subsequently deleted.
There is no agreement among scholars on how many vowel allophones Spanish has; an often postulated number is five [i, u, e̞, o̞, a̠].
Some scholars, however, state that Spanish has eleven allophones: the close and mid vowels have close [i, u, e, o] and open [i̞, u̞, ɛ, ɔ] allophones, whereas /a/ appears in front [a], central [a̠] and back [ɑ] variants. These symbols appear only in the narrowest variant of phonetic transcription; in more broad variants, only the symbols [i, u, e, o, a] are used, and that is the convention adopted in this article as well (save for this section, for the sake of clarity).
According to Eugenio Martínez Celdrán, however, systematic classification of Spanish allophones is impossible due to the fact that their occurrence varies from speaker to speaker and from region to region. According to him, the exact degree of openness of Spanish vowels depends not so much on the phonetic environment, but rather on various external factors accompanying speech.
Spanish has six falling diphthongs and eight rising diphthongs. While many diphthongs are historically the result of a recategorization of vowel sequences (hiatus) as diphthongs, there is still lexical contrast between diphthongs and hiatus. There are also some lexical items that vary amongst speakers and dialects between hiatus and diphthong: words like biólogo ('biologist') with a potential diphthong in the first syllable and words like diálogo with a stressed or pretonic sequence of /i/ and a vowel vary between a diphthong and hiatus. Chițoran & Hualde (2007) hypothesize that this is because vocalic sequences are longer in these positions.
In addition to synalepha across word boundaries, sequences of vowels in hiatus become diphthongs in fast speech; when this happens, one vowel becomes non-syllabic (unless they are the same vowel, in which case they fuse together) as in poeta [ˈpo̯eta] ('poet') and maestro [ˈmae̯stɾo] ('teacher'). Similarly, the relatively rare diphthong /eu/ may be reduced to [u] in certain unstressed contexts, as in Eufemia, [uˈfemja]. In the case of verbs like aliviar ('relieve'), diphthongs result from the suffixation of normal verbal morphology onto a stem-final /j/ (that is, aliviar would be |alibj| + |ar|). This contrasts with verbs like ampliar ('to extend') which, by their verbal morphology, seem to have stems ending in /i/. Spanish also possesses triphthongs like /wei/ and, in dialects that use a second person plural conjugation, /jai/, /jei/, and /wai/ (e.g. buey, 'ox'; cambiáis, 'you change'; cambiéis, '(that) you may change'; and averiguáis, 'you ascertain').
Non-syllabic /e/ and /o/ can be reduced to [ʝ], [w̝], as in beatitud [bʝatiˈtuð] ('beatitude') and poetisa [pw̝eˈtisa] ('poetess'), respectively; similarly, non-syllabic /a/ can be completely elided, as in (e.g. ahorita [oˈɾita] 'right away'). The frequency (though not the presence) of this phenomenon differs amongst dialects, with a number having it occur rarely and others exhibiting it always.
Spanish is usually considered a syllable-timed language. Even so, stressed syllables can be up to 50% longer in duration than non-stressed syllables. Although pitch, duration, and loudness contribute to the perception of stress, pitch is the most important in isolation.
Primary stress occurs on the penultima (the next-to-last syllable) 80% of the time. The other 20% of the time, stress falls on the ultima and antepenultima (third-to-last syllable).
Nonverbs are generally stressed on the penultimate syllable for vowel-final words and on the final syllable of consonant-final words. Exceptions are marked orthographically (see below), whereas regular words are underlyingly phonologically marked with a stress feature [+stress].
In addition to exceptions to these tendencies, particularly learned words from Greek and Latin that feature antepenultimate stress, there are numerous minimal pairs which contrast solely on stress such as sábana ('sheet') and sabana ('savannah'), as well as límite ('boundary'), limite ('[that] he/she limit') and limité ('I limited').
Lexical stress may be marked orthographically with an acute accent (ácido, distinción, etc.). This is done according to the mandatory stress rules of Spanish orthography, which are similar to the tendencies above (differing with words like distinción) and are defined so as to unequivocally indicate where the stress lies in a given written word. An acute accent may also be used to differentiate homophones, such as mi (my), and mí (me). In such cases, the accent is used on the homophone that normally receives greater stress when used in a sentence.
Lexical stress patterns are different between words carrying verbal and nominal inflection: in addition to the occurrence of verbal affixes with stress (something absent in nominal inflection), underlying stress also differs in that it falls on the last syllable of the inflectional stem in verbal words while those of nominal words may have ultimate or penultimate stress. In addition, amongst sequences of clitics suffixed to a verb, the rightmost clitic may receive secondary stress, e.g. búscalo /ˈbuskaˌlo/ ('look for it').
Likewise, in a very small number of words, alternations occur between the palatal sonorants /ʎ ɲ/ and their corresponding alveolar sonorants /l n/ (doncella/doncel 'maiden'/'youth', desdeñar/desdén 'to scorn'/'scorn'). This alternation does not appear in verbal or nominal inflection (that is, the plural of doncel is donceles, not *doncelles). This is the result of geminated /ll/ and /nn/ of Vulgar Latin (the origin of /ʎ/ and /ɲ/, respectively) degeminating and then depalatalizing in coda position. Words without any palatal-alveolar allomorphy are the result of historical borrowings.
Other alternations include /ks/ ~ /x/ (anexo vs anejo), /kt/ ~ /tʃ/ (nocturno vs noche). Here the forms with /ks/ and /kt/ are historical borrowings and the forms with /x/ and /tʃ/ forms are inherited from Vulgar Latin.
There are also pairs that show antepenultimate stress in nouns and adjectives but penultimate stress in synonymous verbs (vómito 'vomit' vs. vomito 'I vomit').
Second consonant (C2): If and only if the first consonant is a stop /p, t, k, b, d, ɡ/ or a voiceless labiodental fricative /f/, a second consonant, always a liquid /l, r/, is permitted. Onsets /tl/ and /dl/ occur only in loanwords.
Second consonant (C4): Must be /s/. A coda combination of two consonants appears only in loanwords (mainly from Classical Latin) but never in words inherited from Vulgar Latin.
Medial codas assimilate place features of the following onsets and are often stressed.
Maximal onsets include transporte /tɾansˈpor.te/, flaco /ˈfla.ko/, clave /ˈkla.be/.
Maximal nuclei include buey /buei/, Uruguay /u.ɾuˈɡuai/.
Maximal codas include instalar /ins.taˈlar/, perspectiva /pers.pekˈti.ba/.
In many dialects, a coda cannot be more than one consonant (one of n, r, l or s) in informal speech. Realizations like /trasˈpor.te/, /is.taˈlar/, /pes.pekˈti.ba/ are very common, and in many cases, they are allowed even in formal speech.
Spanish syllable structure is phrasal, resulting in syllables consisting of phonemes from neighboring words in combination, sometimes even resulting in elision. The phenomenon is known in Spanish as enlace. For a brief discussion contrasting Spanish and English syllable structure, see Whitley (2002:32–35).
Phonological development varies greatly by individual, both those developing regularly and those with delays. However, a general pattern of acquisition of phonemes can be inferred by the level of complexity of their features, i.e. by sound classes. A hierarchy may be constructed, and if a child is capable of producing a discrimination on one level, he/she will also be capable of making the discriminations of all prior levels.
The first level consists of stops (without a voicing distinction), nasals, [l], and optionally, a non-lateral approximant. This includes a labial/coronal place difference (for example, [b] vs [t] and [l] vs [β]).
The second level includes voicing distinction for oral stops and a coronal/dorsal place difference. This allows for distinction between [p], [t], and [k], along with their voiced counterparts, as well as distinction between [l] and the approximant [j].
The third level includes fricatives and/or affricates.
The fourth level introduces liquids other than [l], [ɹ] and [ɾ]. It also introduces [θ].
The fifth level introduces the trill [r].
This hierarchy is based on production only, and is a representation of a child’s capacity to produce a sound, whether that sound is the correct target in adult speech or not. Thus, it may contain some sounds that are not included in the adult phonology, but produced as a result of error.
Spanish-speaking children will accurately produce most segments at a relatively early age. By around three-and-a-half years, they will no longer productively use phonological processes the majority of the time. Some common error patterns (found 10% or more of the time) are cluster reduction, liquid simplification, and stopping. Less common patterns (evidenced less than 10% of the time) include palatal fronting, assimilation, and final consonant deletion.
Typical phonological analyses of Spanish consider the consonants /b/, /d/, and /ɡ/ the underlying phonemes and their corresponding approximants [β], [ð], and [ɣ] allophonic and derivable by phonological rules. However, approximants may be the more basic form because monolingual Spanish-learning children learn to produce the continuant contrast between [p t k] and [β ð ɣ] before they do the lead voicing contrast between [p t k] and [b d ɡ]. (In comparison, English-learning children are able to produce adult-like voicing contrasts for these stops well before age three.) The allophonic distribution of [b d ɡ] and [β ð ɣ] produced in adult speech is not learned until after age two and not fully mastered even at age four.
The alveolar trill [r] is one of the most difficult sounds to be produced in Spanish and as a result is acquired later in development. Research suggests that the alveolar trill is acquired and developed between the ages of three and six years. Some children acquire an adult-like trill within this period and some fail to properly acquire the trill. The attempted trill sound of the poor trillers is often perceived as a series of taps owing to hyperactive tongue movement during production.
The trill is also very difficult for those learning Spanish as a second language, sometimes taking over a year to produce properly.
One research study found that children acquire medial codas before final codas, and stressed codas before unstressed codas. Since medial codas are often stressed and must undergo place assimilation, greater importance is accorded to their acquisition. Liquid and nasal codas occur word medially and at the ends of frequently-used function words, so they are often acquired first.
Research suggests that children overgeneralize stress rules when they are reproducing novel Spanish words and that they have a tendency to stress the penultimate syllables of antepenultimately stressed words, to avoid a violation of nonverb stress rules that they have acquired. Many of the most frequent words heard by children have irregular stress patterns or are verbs, which violate nonverb stress rules. This complicates stress rules until ages three to four, when stress acquisition is essentially complete, and children begin to apply these rules to novel irregular situations.
Some features, such as the pronunciation of voiceless stops /p t k/, have no dialectal variation. However, there are numerous other features of pronunciation that differ from dialect to dialect.
One notable dialectal feature is the merging of the voiced palatal fricative [ʝ] (as in ayer) with the palatal lateral approximant [ʎ] (as in calle) into one phoneme (yeísmo), with /ʎ/ losing its laterality. While the distinction between these two sounds has traditionally been a feature of Castilian Spanish, this merger has spread throughout most of Spain in recent generations, particularly outside of regions in close linguistic contact with Catalan and Basque. In Spanish America, most dialects are characterized by this merger, with the distinction persisting mostly in parts of Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, and northwestern Argentina. In the other parts of Argentina, the phoneme resulting from the merger is realized as [ʒ]; and in Buenos Aires the sound has recently been devoiced to [ʃ] among the younger population; the change is spreading throughout Argentina.
Speakers in northern and central Spain, including the variety prevalent on radio and television, have both /θ/ and /s/ (distinción, 'distinction'). However, speakers in Latin America, Canary Islands and some parts of southern Spain have only /s/ (seseo), which in southernmost Spain is pronounced [θ] and not [s] (ceceo).
An apical alveolar retracted fricative (or "apico-alveolar" fricative) [s̺] sounds a bit like English /ʃ/ and is characteristic of the northern and central parts of Spain and is also used by many speakers in Colombia's Antioquia department.
A laminal alveolar grooved fricative [s], much like the most common pronunciation of English /s/, is characteristic of western Andalusia (e.g. Málaga, Seville, and Cádiz), Canary Islands, and Latin America.
An apical dental grooved fricative [s̄] (ad hoc symbol), which has a lisping quality and sounds something like a cross between English /s/ and /θ/ but is different from the /θ/ occurring in dialects that distinguish /s/ and /θ/. It occurs in eastern Andalusia like in Granada, Huelva, Córdoba, Jaén and Almería. It occurs only in dialects with ceceo.
There is a Castilian s, which is a voiceless, concave, apicoalveolar fricative: the tip of the tongue turned upward forms a narrow opening against the alveoli of the upper incisors. It resembles a faint /ʃ/ and is found throughout much of the northern half of Spain.
[s̄] is a voiceless, corono-dentoalveolar groove fricative, the so-called s coronal or s plana because of the relatively flat shape of the tongue body ... To this writer, the coronal [s̄], heard throughout Andalusia, should be characterized by such terms as "soft," "fuzzy," or "imprecise," which, as we shall see, brings it quite close to one variety of /θ/ ... Canfield has referred, quite correctly, in our opinion, to this [s̄] as "the lisping coronal-dental," and Amado Alonso remarks how close it is to the post-dental [θ̦], suggesting a combined symbol ⟨θˢ̣⟩ to represent it.
In some dialects, /s/ may become the approximant [ɹ] in the syllable coda (e.g. doscientos [doɹˈθjen̪tos] 'two hundred'). In many places, it debuccalizes to [h] in final position (e.g. niños [ˈniɲoh] 'children'), or before another consonant (e.g. fósforo [ˈfohfoɾo] 'match') so the change occurs in the coda position in a syllable.
A subsequent process of vowel harmony takes place so lejos ('far') is [ˈlɛxɔ], tenéis ('you [plural] have') is [tɛˈnɛi] and tréboles ('clovers') is [ˈtɾɛβɔlɛ] or [ˈtɾɛβolɛ].
the occasional dropping of coda consonants word-internally (e.g. doctor [doˈto(r)] 'doctor').
/l/ and /r/ may neutralize to [j] (e.g. Cibaeño Dominican celda/cerda [ˈsejða] 'cell'/'bristle'), to [l] (e.g. Caribbean Spanish alma/arma [ˈalma] 'soul'/'weapon', Andalusian Spanish sartén [salˈtẽ] 'pan'), to [r] (e.g. Andalusian Spanish alma/arma [ˈarma]) or, by complete regressive assimilation, to a copy of the following consonant (e.g. pulga/purga [ˈpuɡːa] 'flea'/'purge', carne [ˈkanːe] 'meat').
/s/, /x/, (and /θ/ in southern Peninsular Spanish) and /f/ may be debuccalized or elided in the coda (e.g. los amigos [lo(h) aˈmiɣo(h)] 'the friends').
Stops and nasals may be realized as velar (e.g. Cuban and Venezuelan étnico [ˈeɡniko] 'ethnic', himno [ˈiŋno]).
Final /d/ dropping (e.g. mitad [miˈta] 'half') is general in most dialects of Spanish, even in formal speech.
The deletions and neutralizations show variability in their occurrence, even with the same speaker in the same utterance, so nondeleted forms exist in the underlying structure. The dialects may not be on the path to eliminating coda consonants since deletion processes have been existing for more than four centuries. Guitart (1997) argues that it is the result of speakers acquiring multiple phonological systems with uneven control like that of second language learners.
In Standard European Spanish, the voiced obstruents /b, d, ɡ/ before a pause are devoiced and laxed to [β̥˕, ð̥˕, ɣ̊˕], as in club [kluβ̥˕] ('[social] club'), sed [seð̥] ('thirst'), zigzag [θiɣˈθaɣ̊˕]. However, word-final /b/ is rare, and /ɡ/ even more so. They are restricted mostly to loanwords and foreign names, such as the first name of former Real Madrid sports director Predrag Mijatović, which is pronounced [ˈpɾeð̞ɾaɣ̊˕]; and after another consonant, the voiced obstruent may even be deleted, as in iceberg, pronounced [iθeˈβeɾ].
The fricative /ʃ/ may also appear in borrowings from other languages, such as Nahuatl and English. In addition, the affricates /t͡s/ and /t͡ɬ/ also occur in Nahuatl borrowings.
^ Encarta World English Dictionary. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. 2007. Archived from the original on 2009-10-31. Retrieved 2008-08-05.
^ The continuant allophones of Spanish /b, d, ɡ/ have been traditionally described as voiced fricatives (e.g. Navarro Tomás (1918), who (in §100) describes the air friction of [ð] as being "tenue y suave" ('weak and smooth'); Harris (1969); Dalbor & 1969/1997; and Macpherson (1975:62), who describes [β] as being "...with audible friction"). However, they are more often described as approximants in recent literature, such as D'Introno, Del Teso & Weston (1995); Martínez Celdrán, Fernández Planas & Carrera Sabaté (2003); and Hualde (2005:43). The difference hinges primarily on air turbulence caused by extreme narrowing of the opening between articulators, which is present in fricatives and absent in approximants. Martínez Celdrán (2004) displays a sound spectrogram of the Spanish word abogado showing an absence of turbulence for all three consonants.
^ Generally /w̝/ is [ɣʷ] though it may also be [βˠ] (Ohala & Lorentz (1977:590) citing Navarro Tomás (1961) and Harris (1969)).
^ Harris (1969:78, 145). Examples include words of Greek origin like énfasis /ˈenfasis/ ('emphasis'); the clitics su /su/, tu /tu/, mi /mi/; the three Latin words espíritu /esˈpiɾitu/ ('spirit'), tribu /ˈtɾibu/ ('tribe'), and ímpetu /ˈimpetu/ ('impetus'); and affective words like mami /ˈmami/ and papi /ˈpapi/.
^ Zamora Vicente (1967:?). The first /a/ in madres also undergoes this fronting process as part of a vowel harmony system. See #Realization of /s/ below.
^ /ou/ occurs rarely in words; another example is the proper name Bousoño (Saporta 1956, p. 290). It is, however, common across word boundaries as with tengo una casa ('I have a house').
^ Harris (1969:89) points to muy ('very') as the one example with [ui̯] rather than [wi]. There are also a handful of proper nouns with [ui̯], exclusive to Chuy (a nickname) and Ruy. There are no minimal pairs.
^ See Harris (1969:147–148) for a more extensive list of verb stems ending in both high vowels, as well as their corresponding semivowels.
^ Leibowitz, Brandon. "Spanish Phonology". Fluency Fox. Retrieved 5 April 2016.
^ Lipski, John (1994). Latin American Spanish. New York: Longman Publishing. p. 170.
^ The Oxford Spanish Dictionary (Oxford University Press, 1994). | 2019-04-20T08:48:02Z | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_phonology | Porn | Arts | 0.072855 |
wordpress | January 31, 2016 January 31, 2016 ~ Renee M.
It is best to think about the secret treasures of everyday.
or the way the earth smells in the morning.
and the life you live is the only one you get. | 2019-04-19T22:49:44Z | https://thoughtsandadventures.wordpress.com/2016/01/31/1237-am/ | Porn | Reference | 0.349518 |
wordpress | Stem cells – with their famed ability to change into any type of cell – hold tremendous promise for medicine, but growing them is a challenging task.
Now, thanks to Saha and colleagues, the situation could be about to change. They’ve created a new synthetic ‘cradle’ for stem cells that improves their ability to multiply, untransformed, and stay in better shape for medical applications.
Currently stem cells are grown in a plastic dish coated with a layer of gelatin and a layer of mouse cells or proteins. This is notoriously inefficient and makes it difficult to identify and manipulate individual cells genetically. Moreover, the use of material derived from animals, such as the mouse cells, means that any transplantation to humans runs the risk of rejection by the immune system.
Saha and colleagues have developed a better way. Their synthetic foundation allows single stem cells to form colonies of identical cells, making it easier to identify those with desirable traits.
After testing around 500 different synthetic polymers, the scientists settled on one optimised for factors such as flexibility, roughness and its affinity for water (which can affect the behaviour of stem cells). Stem cells can bind quickly and securely to this polymer’s surface.
Moreover, the supporting media used to maintain and nourish the cells is free of animal components. And because the components of the system are well defined, scientists have a better idea of what their stem cells have been exposed to.
The polymer supports the growth of cells obtained from human embryos (i.e. human embryonic stem cells) or reprogrammed adult cells (i.e. induced pluripotent stem cells). Tests have shown that such cells can survive for over two months on the polymer, which bodes well for its use in long-term cell culture.
That makes achieving some of the more attractive applications of stem cells more feasible, such as growing new neurons for patients with spinal cord injuries or new insulin-producing cells for those with type 1 diabetes.
The researchers are now in talks with several companies about the technology, with the aim of making the polymer available to scientists as soon as possible.
In the meantime, they are working to refine their method, build materials to grow other types of cells, and better define what it takes to get stem cells to grow successfully. | 2019-04-21T02:23:01Z | https://wellcometrust.wordpress.com/2010/08/24/3099/ | Porn | Science | 0.980023 |
salon | Or that’s the charitable way to put it. The less charitable way is to say Pew discovered that conservatives are consuming a right-wing media full of lies and misinformation, whereas liberals are more interested in media that puts facts before ideology. It’s very much not a “both sides do it” situation. Conservatives are becoming more conservative because of propaganda, whereas liberals are becoming more liberal while staying very much checked into reality.
That this polarization is going on isn’t a myth. Previous Pew research shows the percentage of Americans who are “mostly” or “consistently” conservative has grown from 18% in 2004 to 27% in 2014. During that same period, the percentage of Americans who are “mostly” or “consistently” liberal stayed a little more consistent, growing from 33% to 34% in 10 years. (These statistics don’t measure what you call yourself, but what you rate as on a scale of beliefs about various issues.) While liberals became more liberal, conservatives both became more numerous and more rigidly conservative over time. What gives?
Enter right-wing media, which has a nifty trick of convincing audiences it’s the other guys who are the liars, all while actually being much less trustworthy in reality. From conservative screaming about the “media elite” to Fox News’s old slogan “Fair and Balanced,” conservative media is rife with the message that everyone is out to get you, conservative viewer, and only in the warm blanket of right-wing propaganda will you be safe.
The message, the Pew research suggests, has really taken hold. Pew researchers gave respondents a list of 36 popular media sources and asked how much they trusted each one. Some were liberal, like The Daily Show or ThinkProgress. Some were conservative, like Rush Limbaugh or Fox News. Most of them are fairly straightforward news organizations with no overt political agenda, like NPR, various network news, CNN, and the New York Times.
The findings were astounding. Out of the 36 news sources, consistent liberals trusted 28, a mix of liberal and mainstream news sources. Mostly, liberal respondents generally agreed, holding out a little more skepticism for overtly ideological sources like Daily Kos or ThinkProgress, but not actually distrustingthem, either. The only news sources liberals didn’t trust, generally, are overtly right-wing ones, such as Fox News, the Blaze, Breitbart, or Rush Limbaugh’s show.
Conservatives, on the other hand, saw betrayers and liars around every corner. Consistent conservatives distrusted a whopping 24 out of 36 outlets and mostly conservative respondents distrusted 15 and were skeptical of quite a few more. The hostility wasn’t just to well-known liberal sources like MSNBC. Strong conservatives hated all the network news, CNN, NPR, and the major national outlets, except the Wall Street Journal. Respondents who are mostly conservative fared better, but were still hostile to the New York Times and the Washington Post, as well as skeptical of mainstream organizations like CBS and NBC News.
The fact that conservatives are this paranoid should be alarming enough, but it becomes even more frightening when you consider who conservatives do trust in the media. Consistent conservatives only trusted 8 media sources--compared to the 28 liberals trusted--and of the eight, only one has anything approaching respectable reporting or reliable information. And that one, the Wall Street Journal, has good straight reporting but has an op-ed page that is a train wreck of right-wing distortions and misinformation. Most conservative people were a little more open-minded, trusting USA Today and ABC News, but still were supportive of openly distorting sources like Fox News or the Drudge Report.
The trust conservatives put in conservative media is utterly misplaced. For instance, both consistent and mostly conservative people love Glenn Beck, though he’s a well-known purveyor of outrageous conspiracy theories that percolate up to him from fringe characters. Breitbart and Sean Hannity also rated high, despite their shared history of championing right-wing fringe characters like Cliven Bundy.
But what is really frightening is the reach of Fox News. Fox News rated as the only real news source for consistent conservatives, with 47% of them citing it as their main source of news. Nothing even came close to touching it, as the second most common answer, “local radio” was cited by only 11% of consistent conservatives. Eighty-eight percent of consistent conservatives trusted Fox News. Mostly conservative and even “mixed” people also liked Fox News.
The problem with this is watching Fox News actually makes you less informed than if you don't watch any news at all. In a 2012 study, Fox News viewers rated the absolute lowest in ability to correctly answer questions on a quiz about recent news events. People who didn’t take in any news programs at all did better on the quizzes. NPR listeners rated the best. Consistent liberals in the Pew research were big fans of NPR, by the way. It was the second most common outlet cited as a favorite by consistent liberals, topped only by CNN.
Fox News is one of the main factors, possibly the main factor, driving political polarization in this country. Huge chunks of this country listen mostly or solely to a relentless stream of misinformation coming from Fox News, coupled with warnings, implied or even baldly stated, to avoid listening to other, more factually accurate news sources. Unsurprisingly, then, more people are becoming conservatives and people who were already conservative are becoming more hardline about it. If you have any Fox viewers in your family, you probably already suspected this, but now Pew has given us the cold, hard facts to confirm your suspicions. | 2019-04-19T18:48:14Z | https://www.salon.com/2014/10/24/why_conservatives_prefer_propaganda_to_reality_partner/ | Porn | News | 0.205295 |
wikipedia | This category combines all bLPs needing more sources from February 2013 (2013-02) to enable us to work through the backlog more systematically. It is a member of Category:BLPs needing more sources.
Pages in category "BLPs needing more sources from February 2013"
This page was last changed on 27 February 2013, at 10:04. | 2019-04-23T16:15:17Z | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:BLPs_needing_more_sources_from_February_2013 | Porn | Reference | 0.244078 |
wordpress | It feels great to get back behind my sewing machine. A couple of fun-filled weekends with family and friends and I was ready to get sewing again!
First project – completion of the quilt I am making for the Quilts for Pulse charity drive that is being headed up by the Orlando Modern Quilt Guild. They chose the heart block by Cluck, Cluck, Sew for the quilt blocks that they wanted. There is still time to make blocks or whole quilts. Heart blocks are due to the Orlando guild by August 15th. Completed quilts are due September 15th.
I decided to use multiple sizes of the heart block for my quilt and I’m so glad I did. I love the way it looks. At the center of this tragedy was an attack against the United States so that had to be represented in this quilt with that center heart block. As we move beyond that we see the hearts get bigger as the love grows within us all. The outpouring of support that the Orlando guild is getting is amazing. They only expected about 200 quilts and now they should have well over 500 to distribute. This is such a wonderful community and I’m proud to be a part of it.
I wavy quilted vertically to imitate party streamers and celebration. On the flip side it could also represent the tears that were shed as healing begins. I cut up a duvet cover that I got on clearance from PBTeen and used that for the back. I love how the flower petals are hearts and felt it went really well with the theme. I even remembered to label it! (Well, I remembered after basting but before quilting so that counts, right?) I used the rainbow dots on grey print, that I used throughout the quilt, to bind it.
You want more pictures? Okay…….it’s so pretty I just can’t resist.
This one will be mailed off after my guild meeting next week. I’m excited to show it off.
This entry was posted in Charity, Design, stash and tagged heart quilts, orlando MQG, quilts for pulse, rainbow quilts, sew your stash 2016.
I love your heart quilt!
What a bright, cozy quilt. The variation in the size of the hearts adds personality. A precious gift.
Beautifully done! It will be well loved.
Just beautiful! I think the way you have arranged the different sized hearts make them almost appear to be beating.
well done — I understand the guild is on the verge of 800 quilts for the project — amazing!! | 2019-04-20T06:49:35Z | https://crossquilt.wordpress.com/2016/08/07/quilts-for-pulse-2/ | Porn | Health | 0.131797 |
wordpress | This entry was posted on Juni 5, 2015 at 12:00 pm and is filed under Uncategorized. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
Wird Zeit, dass die verlogenen Russkis endlich den Flugschreiber freigeben. | 2019-04-22T16:05:54Z | https://aron2201sperber.wordpress.com/2015/06/05/biologe-als-experte-fur-nebelkerzen/ | Porn | Reference | 0.397306 |
wired | Snapchat CEO Evan Spiegel poses for photos in Los Angeles on Thursday, Oct. 24, 2013.
If you're a Snapchat user, you should know something: The "Snappening" is not your fault.
On Sunday, the threat of what has been dubbed "The Snappening" actually happened. Hundreds of thousands of pictures and videos taken by users of the popular ephemeral media service Snapchat were intercepted by hackers and, after a few days of bragging and bluster, they were finally posted online in a 13GB dump. Details are still rolling in on how this attack might have been carried out, but signs point to the use of insecure, unauthorized third-party software designed to let users store “disappearing” snaps. The third party software service SnapSaved.com has confirmed it was compromised as part of this attack.
Woodrow Hartzog is an Associate Professor at Samford University’s Cumberland School of Law. His research focuses on privacy and technology. He is also an Affiliate Scholar at the Center for Internet and Society at Stanford Law School.
The guidance and rules are buried in thefine print with no explanation for the ban on third-party software. This dense, boilerplate agreement places the burden of securing against this attack on the party in the relationship least likely to have knowledge of the vulnerability—the user. People who relied upon the app's implicit promise of ephemera and relative safety wouldn't be wrong to feel betrayed by Snapchat’s “it’s not us, it’s you” attitude.
While it’s true that everyone must exercise caution online and take responsibility for good data security, placing all of the blame on users for this breach is misguided. Good data security means effectively educating users so they can work with companies to protect information. Two crucial lessons from this hack and the response to it must be incorporated in the US's evolving approach to the law and policy of data security. First, companies must educate their users about risks in regular language, not boilerplate legalese. Second, technologies that promise relative privacy must provide better data security than traditional social media. Let's break them both down.
Of course, everyone who uses the Internet must accept some responsibility for securing our personal data. We should select strong passwords and keep them safe. We should learn how to spot obvious phishing attempts and scam applications. We can’t just do whatever we want to on the Internet and expect companies to protect us against all threats.
But even if the burden of protection was rightfully on users in this instance, most were probably unaware of the security risk posed by third-party applications. Third-party applications for social media are quite common. The application marketplaces for Apple and Google regularly feature third party applications for Twitter, Facebook, and even Snapchat. Snapchat claims to have been diligent in patrolling these applications, but the average user would likely have no idea such popular technologies were so risky and prohibited by Snapchat. Shifting risk onto users through contracts that no consumer should be expected to read cannot be how data security is approached in the modern age.
Data security is opaque to most of us. It is almost impossible to tell which companies have reasonable data security practices. We are also poorly equipped to monitor the complex and rapidly changing threats to data security for each technology we use. If a common practice like using third-party applications is forbidden, notice should be much clearer. Companies should notify us through the user interface, not the fine print. And if meaningful notice is unfeasible, then companies remain responsible.
But reasonable data security for technologies designed to encourage intimate and voluminous disclosures requires much more than an “easy fix.” While API security is challenging for all social media, it is paramount for a company that marketed “disappearing” messages, inspired many third-party apps that reverse engineer its API, and has already been subjected to a complaint by the Federal Trade Commission that specifically faulted the company for an insecure API.
Perhaps it would be unreasonable to expect most modern software applications to take extraordinary steps to secure their API. But ephemeral media companies are extraordinary. There is more that these companies can and should do to protect the trust their users have placed in them. While it is difficult, there are ways to ensure that only authorized software can interact with an API, like rigorous client authentication in addition to standard user authentication. It should be a warning sign when hundreds of different users access an API from the same IP address.
We should demand more as we embrace this useful and promising technology. We need better notice from companies on how to work together to protect personal data. Ephemeral media companies must respect the trust they are inviting from us. As data security policy in the U.S. evolves, it must contribute to require contextually reasonable data security practices from companies.
Snapchat and "privacy lite" apps like it should resist blaming users and acting like it is just another social medium with respect to data security. People are attracted to these technologies because they seem less risky than services like Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram. These companies should work with their users to ensure their technologies live up to their promise.
I thank Ashkan Soltani for helping me with the technical aspects this story. | 2019-04-19T07:29:38Z | https://www.wired.com/2014/10/the-snappening-is-not-your-fault/ | Porn | Business | 0.196877 |
sfgate | Carmelo Anthony matched the NBA record for points in a quarter with 33 in the third and finished with a season-high 45 points in the Nuggets' 116-105 victory over the Timberwolves in Denver on Wednesday night.
"I've never been a part of a quarter like that before," Anthony said. "I just felt that good. I can't explain it. ... Just the complete game tonight."
Chauncey Billups added 22 points in Denver's eighth straight win over Minnesota, which has lost seven in a row overall.
Cavaliers 101, 76ers 93: LeBron James scored 29 points, Mo Williams added a season-high 27 and visiting Cleveland cruised to its 10th consecutive victory.
Anderson Varejao added 15 points and Ben Wallace had 10 rebounds for the Cavaliers, 18-1 in their last 19 games, 19-3 overall and 7-3 on the road. They are one win shy of tying the franchise record of 11 straight wins set during the 1988-89 season.
Lakers 115, Suns 110: Pau Gasol scored 28 points, Kobe Bryant had seven of his 18 points in the last 6 1/2 minutes and host Los Angeles struggled to beat short-handed Phoenix, which was without Shaquille O'Neal, whose great-grandmother died this week.
Spurs 95, Hawks 89: Manu Ginobili scored 27 points in a return to his sixth-man role to help host San Antonio extend its winning streak to four games.
Tim Duncan, playing in his 1,000th NBA game in the regular season and playoffs, added 19 points and 11 rebounds.
Knicks 121, Nets 109: Al Harrington scored a season-high 39 points for visiting New York, and fellow former New Jersey prep star Tim Thomas added 26.
Acquired in separate deals on the same day last month, Harrington and Thomas were too athletic for the Nets' forwards, helping New York storm back from a poor start.
Raptors 101, Pacers 88: Jason Kapono scored a season-high 25 points, Chris Bosh added 21 points and 10 rebounds and host Toronto snapped a five-game losing streak to improve to 1-3 since interim coach Jay Triano took over for the fired Sam Mitchell.
Grizzlies 108, Thunder 102: Rudy Gay had 22 points and backup point guard Mike Conley scored 14 of his 16 points in the fourth quarter to help visiting Memphis win consecutive game for the first time this season.
Hornets 105, Bobcats 89: Chris Paul had 15 points and 15 assists and David West and Peja Stojakovic each scored 17 points in host New Orleans' seventh win in eight games.
Briefly: The Suns traded Raja Bell and Boris Diaw to the Bobcats as part of a deal that sent Jason Richardson to Phoenix. Rookie point guard Sean Singletary also went to Charlotte, while the Suns got small forward Jared Dudley and a 2010 second-round draft pick. ... The Hornets sent veteran guard Mike James to the Wizards in exchange for Antonio Daniels as part of a three-team trade that returned a future first-round draft pick from Washington to Memphis. The Grizzlies also dealt second-year guard Javaris Crittenton to Washington and sent a conditional second-round pick to New Orleans. | 2019-04-25T18:03:27Z | https://www.sfgate.com/sports/article/Anthony-scores-33-in-3rd-quarter-3258267.php | Porn | Sports | 0.659966 |
livejournal | I have alot to say, but i'll leave that to you, I'll leave that to those who have the ability to expound their whines better than I. The facts to back up the complaints and the patience to debate. The impossible deprogramming of the plantation owners, their workers, and their slaves. The slaves born into their world un-questioning, un aware throught their generations acceptance of "thats just the way it is." Stripped of culture in the pen. Bred in a pen and losing ink, but refilling to prey of disposable goods and pray of the dispensible through the faith given by the feudal lords, "take it or leave it." "like it or lump it." "I brought you into this world and i'll take you out." "i'll be the judge of that." No instinct to escape, crawling over each other in an overly populated tank, just lying there waiting to be fed eating more than you need and wanting more cause you never know if its ever going to come again. Breeding & Eating & Waiting & Complaining & Praying.
I am trying to play god...so please be peaceful while posting in the community.
There is no limit on entries per day, and no subject too unorthadox save over the top irrelevent racsism. | 2019-04-23T16:34:04Z | https://frances-bean-c.livejournal.com/profile | Porn | Society | 0.441037 |
newgrounds | Waking up in room, you find yourself in a strange survival experiment. The room is just one of the blocks that will be moved and replaced. You have 13 minutes to go through 48 levels of the experiment. Then you'll be free. Maybe free.
This is pretty great, but the time limit is what makes it not awesome though. Nice job!
The game is good and challenging, but I'm not sure if the medals are working properly, for example I earned the lasers medal at level 14, when the laser part has just started. Is it supposed to work like this? Not sure, because the medals don't have level numbers in titles.
but the time mechanic is unbelievable. i got through level 42 and then i'm out of time.. and therefore the whole game is over.. wut?
also you jump way too fast for how slow you move. that makes the platforming feel loose and annoying.
2.5 is a failure since i say it is a failure and i am smarter than anyone else on NG. i fail you for the time mechanic.
otherwise it would have been a 4.
you will not read this review because you are a studio therefore you are scum.
Ugh, I hate that walking is so slow but jumping is so fast. Also way too tiny, and the logo and info bar things on the bottom cover some elements of the game. | 2019-04-24T12:08:35Z | https://www.newgrounds.com/portal/view/642379/feature/medal/details/34208 | Porn | Games | 0.96989 |
skyrock | LBalloons spread happiness atmosphere around us! Sometime we are fail to express our emotion with words, But with a present, we can easily convey our thoughts to the person. Balloons are most lovable gifts for all aged of people. Spread smiles with these bright colors of balloons. | 2019-04-19T02:28:47Z | https://giftideas.skyrock.com/3303659480-Lift-up-Your-Mood-with-Bright-Color-of-Balloons-Bouquet.html | Porn | Arts | 0.612192 |
wordpress | Out bright and early to be greeted by mist over the mountains. It’s the first day here that hasn’t been bright sunshine! Off towards Ferme St Justin along a walking track in mist like pea soup. Took photos of plants and spiders as there was no view to speak of for a while because of the mist.
Through town of Sers and an old church (another one!) Eglise St Vincent with churchyard. Most towns have a communal washplace (laundromat!).
Viella was a pretty little place where we stopped for lunch next to a fountain with a berger (shepherd) and a dog. Love the photo with a lamp and waterfall in the background. Craig would like the cement table tennis table I found. Bit hard to put it in the luggage! Plenty of veggie gardens and chooks as well.
Found the ruins of Sainte Marie (I think), sort of a castle.
On to Luz-St Sauveur and the Templar church, Eglise de Saint Andre. The history here is doing my head in.
The Promenade Napoleon III et Eugenie (Napoleon III and Eugenie’s walk) went on forever. Apparently Napoleon built a bridge for his wife, Eugenie, from the spa in St Sauveur across the river to their home. Check the photos.
We were let loose in Luz for shopping but I was so stuffed from walking for 7 hours that I just sat at the carrousel (merry-go-round) in the main street and waited for the car to pick us up!
Only a few days now and I will be on a plane to Paris! Can’t believe it is nearly here. So peeved I’ve had a cold for a couple of weeks. Really put a dent in my training routine. At least I have a voice now.
Stay tuned for stories from France! | 2019-04-24T14:42:53Z | https://dotbyrne.wordpress.com/tag/travel/ | Porn | Recreation | 0.635916 |
wordpress | His Southern influences are on display in the breezy, Allman-esque “Love Line,” “Mine All Mine,” and “Yesterday’s Tears.” The latter features some fine country-blues harp from Mike Smith.
Lee Delray has made an album that will appeal to a broad fan base. “Brand New Man” is a set full of a young man’s fire and soul! Until next time…Sheryl and Don Crow. | 2019-04-25T08:48:45Z | https://donandsherylsbluesblog.wordpress.com/2016/08/08/lee-delray-review-august-8-2016/ | Porn | News | 0.444085 |
tripod | Unless otherwise noted, all of these were taped by me from NBC. They are in EP, but look good when transferred to SP. This info may not apply if the tape source is does not have a number, or if the episode was taped from any source other than NBC. Basically, anything before 11/21/98 (when I started recording SNL) is bound to be a rerun, unless otherwise noted.
Many of the episodes marked "2005 rerun" were DIGITALLY recorded from TV. | 2019-04-21T05:10:42Z | http://boobergorg.tripod.com/snl.html | Porn | Reference | 0.78153 |
livejournal | My torch wasn't snuffed at the Twilight LAS community. I got another vote against for a pretty graphic tale of Jacob helping, um . . . train Edward for his wedding night. (I know, I know. Where is this stuff coming from?) But it took four negative votes this time to off the unlucky author.
A huge congratulations to scribbled_mess, who just joined my flist a couple weeks ago. She won the day with a great tale of Edward in a monastery, getting a little peace from the voices in his head. This was a fantastic turn-around for her, since she was on the other side of the vote (with me) during the last round.
I did better at the LAS community for The Tudors; I actually got one vote FOR my story! There were only eight entries, however, and 22 in the Twilight challenge. Once again I was impressed by all the good work. I feedbacked several of the stories this evening, and it's not hard to find something positive to say about any of them. I'm still disappointed that the percentage of voters to writers is pretty poor. When it gets down to two or three stories left, we'll need some divine intervention, I think.
Anyway, I spent much of Labor Day laboring at the mpreg community that LJ turned over to Charlie a few months ago. She actually complained to the Admin about some of the sick stuff being posted there since the moderator went missing. And--surprise!--they handed it over.
The place was a mess. It's been around for six years or so, but it's never been moderated much. So nothing was tagged and a bunch of stuff was just WRONG. I re-structured the style and added some links, tagged every entry and put up a New Moderator post. We may not be able to get anything going there--nothing much ever has gone on--but it's better than letting it sit and gather dust and spam. Charlie and I both think 'gen' groups and communities are never that good an idea. People want to rally around their specific interest, and from what I've seen, the mpreg communities that are specific to a fandom or pairing (like Harry/Draco, for instance) are the ones that are successful.
But, you know what? I might be ready to re-visit my love of this genre (not-so-veiled threat) . . . so why not fix up a home for it?
aaw, thank you for the congrats! And well done on your Tudors vote.
Also, I thought your story was interesting (and didn't deserve to be marked down) but I think with twilight fandom, the fans are less receptive to slash, making it riskier as a story choice. But there's still everything to play for. It ain't over till it's over!
Glad you are having time to write and play some games. Nicole was so excited about her first day of school that she couldn't sleep well and kept waking up, then she heard her Mom up early and woke me up. She just beat me real bad at a game of Aggravation before we ate breakfast. She brushed her teeth after eating yogurt. | 2019-04-21T11:00:33Z | https://mistressmarilyn.livejournal.com/203289.html | Porn | Business | 0.254314 |
dreamhost | DH Panel skinning. Will it be possible?
Hello, i would like to know if it will be possible to skin the dreamhost panel (excellent for resellers). Does anyone know something about this?
Also, all the things that i do on DH panel, like create an mail address, can i do this from shell?
The panel isn’t skinnable. This isn’t the greatest place for reselling. A “client” can override quotas, and they don’t get a completely independent environment. I’d only recommending that someone resell if they trust their client. If you’re a one-stop shop where you provide everything, then it’s fine since your customers won’t need to log into the panel.
There was a recent discussion about alternative methods of executing panel actions. The bottom line is that it has to be executed through DreamHost’s panel server via HTTP with cookies and sessions and other fancy stuff.
Thanks for your answer, but what i would like to know is if there are plans to make it skinnable in the future.
I would doubt it–but since we’re just customers here, we’re just guessing.
Since DH doesn’t have your standard rebrandable reseller account setup, that would seem to eliminate most of the need for it.
I’m not sure how much the panel has changed behind the scenes, but I know they’ve stated in the past that it’s very much tied together (when asked about releasing parts of it), rather than modular, which could make something like that hard to implement. | 2019-04-21T14:04:53Z | https://discussion.dreamhost.com/t/dh-panel-skinning-will-it-be-possible/40018 | Porn | Business | 0.929308 |
wordpress | I don’t know about you, but if someone came up to me and told me to leave town because someone is trying to kill me, that would get my attention. I think getting away from there would be a given. At least.
Can you imagine being that focused, that clear about God’s call that even a death threat doesn’t dissuade you? Yet here Jesus is, deliberately going into Jerusalem in order to face down the mightiest powers on earth. Jerusalem is hardly safe, and yet he goes anyway. He’s that sure of his role, that sure of his mission, that sure of his purpose.
So what’s a little death threat from Herod? It doesn’t seem to bother him at all. He’ll just continue his work: healing, teaching, casting out demons.
I wish I was that clear about my call in God’s work. I wish I was so sure and confident that nothing could detour me.
But that’s not always the case. I know God’s mission is peace and reconciliation and compassion throughout the world. I know God’s vision is that the playing field be level for everyone so that everyone experiences complete love and grace as much as everyone else. And I know that I need to pay attention to that and work for those things as much as I can. But I’m not always clear about HOW to do that. In a way that is mine to do.
We are spending Wednesdays in Lent considering the Rocky Mountain Synod’s theme in 2016 of “Many Voices, One Song.” Last Wednesday we laid some of the groundwork and lifted up the metaphor of God’s mission being God’s song of love for the world. We talked about each of us having a voice to sing God’s song in the world. Each one of our voices in unique, and yet created to sing together with all the other voices too.
It’s a great metaphor, and we’ll have some fun with it in coming Wednesdays, but I have to confess I’m not always clear about my own voice in God’s song. Certainly not like Jesus is clear. It takes a lot less than a death threat to get me off track. The offerings drop or worship attendance declines and God’s mission of compassion gets tossed. One church program fails, whether it’s one I have anything to do with or not, and justice for the homeless just took a backseat.
I think the reason is that I’m not clear about my own role like Jesus is. He knows what he’s about, therefore he can move toward God’s vision through all the distractions instead of getting derailed by the distractions. It’s easy to be distracted, forgetting what the focus actually is. I went online to search for some help with today’s gospel text, got distracted and followed a link to another site, then to another, and another. Before long I had purchased a replacement side mirror for my car. It’s arriving Tuesday. Distractions from our clarity happen. And it’s frustrating that we’re not always so clear.
Then it occurs to me that my search for clarity, my frustration is not having certainty about my own voice and purpose is itself a distraction. I’ll never be completely certain. I’ll always be discovering more. My understanding of God’s vision for creation will continue to evolve. Therefore, so will my understanding of my purpose in it. Continuously evolving, ever changing, constantly growing. And it should, right?
So maybe I should quit worrying about it. Maybe, instead of seeking my own certainty, I should just follow Jesus. Maybe his certainty is enough. Maybe trusting him would be enough.
Jesus’ clarity was his journey to the cross in Jerusalem. He was not to be detoured or distracted from that. Not even Herod’s death threats could sway him. I’m thinking if that’s good enough to keep Jesus on track, it’s probably good enough for me too.
My clarity of my purpose, my certainty of my voice, isn’t to be found on its own. It is found with Jesus, actually. Since he reveals God’s vision and direction,I can’t go too far wrong it I follow him.
That will involve distractions, to be sure. It could involve death threats, possibly. It may just lead to a cross of sorts. I will have to die to lots of things—lots of distractions, detours, derailings—but that should be OK. Jesus can be my focus. Following him can be my purpose. The rest doesn’t have to bother me at all. I can continue my work: following, proclaiming, living. As long as I’m doing that, I can be quite confident I’m fulfilling my purpose. As long as I’ve got Jesus in my line of sight, I can be confident I’m contributing to God’s vision in the world. As long as Jesus is my melody, I can be confident I’m singing God’s song with my own voice.
“Beware of practicing your piety before others in order to be seen by them; for then you have no reward from your Father in heaven. 2 “So whenever you give alms, do not sound a trumpet before you, as the hypocrites do in the synagogues and in the streets, so that they may be praised by others. Truly I tell you, they have received their reward. 3 But when you give alms, do not let your left hand know what your right hand is doing, 4 so that your alms may be done in secret; and your Father who sees in secret will reward you. 5 “And whenever you pray, do not be like the hypocrites; for they love to stand and pray in the synagogues and at the street corners, so that they may be seen by others. Truly I tell you, they have received their reward. 6 But whenever you pray, go into your room and shut the door and pray to your Father who is in secret; and your Father who sees in secret will reward you. . . . 16 “And whenever you fast, do not look dismal, like the hypocrites, for they disfigure their faces so as to show others that they are fasting. Truly I tell you, they have received their reward. 17 But when you fast, put oil on your head and wash your face, 18 so that your fasting may be seen not by others but by your Father who is in secret; and your Father who sees in secret will reward you. 19 “Do not store up for yourselves treasures on earth, where moth and rust consume and where thieves break in and steal; 20 but store up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where neither moth nor rust consumes and where thieves do not break in and steal. 21 For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also.
We talk a good talk as Christians. We confess our faith, we believe in God, we come to church, we pray for things. Does our belief in Jesus actually reveal itself in ways that look compassionate and merciful? Are our lives different as our relationship with God grows? Is God’s vision of compassion and love in the world more realized by us than it was a year ago?
In other words, are we actually growing in our discipleship? Are we discovering more about Jesus and God’s vision for the world? Have there been any changes in our lives, our attitudes, our activities to reflect that growth?
Today, Ash Wednesday, we have the opportunity to begin a deliberate journey of growth in our faith and our discipleship. Today, Ash Wednesday, we will be marked with the sign of the cross in ashes on our foreheads. A sign of our commitment to change, to grow, to more fully join the journey. In other words, a sign of repentance.
This is more than just being sorry for our sins so God will love us and we can go to heaven when we die. No, repentance literally means “to change direction.” Repentance is actually more about changing our minds, changing our lives, changing our direction as people committed to God’s ways revealed in Christ.
The gospel text makes clear to us that we don’t show this sign of repentance—of change—to impress anyone. We don’t wear this ashen cross proudly, but in honest humility. This is a sign to ourselves, to one another, and to the world that LCM is committing ourselves to God’s compassion and justice in the world. So much so that we are willing to begin a journey of change in our our lives in order to follow Jesus more closely.
Jesus was so committed to God’s vision of life and peace that he was willing to be killed for it. Just as the cross is a symbol of that commitment by Jesus to love and mercy and grace, the crosses on our foreheads are a symbol of our commitment to that same vision for the world.
So our first step in this Lenten journey tonight centers on the real, biblical meaning of repentance. That first step is committing to a change in our lives. This is repentance, a willingness to change and to grow.
We enter into Lent tonight. A journey of the cross. A time to deliberately grow in our discipleship. And we begin by using language and symbols of repentance. We begin with a commitment to change.
21 Then [Jesus] began to say to them, “Today this scripture has been fulfilled in your hearing.” 22 All spoke well of him and were amazed at the gracious words that came from his mouth. They said, “Is not this Joseph’s son?” 23 He said to them, “Doubtless you will quote to me this proverb, “Doctor, cure yourself!’ And you will say, “Do here also in your hometown the things that we have heard you did at Capernaum.’ ” 24 And he said, “Truly I tell you, no prophet is accepted in the prophet’s hometown. 25 But the truth is, there were many widows in Israel in the time of Elijah, when the heaven was shut up three years and six months, and there was a severe famine over all the land; 26 yet Elijah was sent to none of them except to a widow at Zarephath in Sidon. 27 There were also many lepers in Israel in the time of the prophet Elisha, and none of them was cleansed except Naaman the Syrian.” 28 When they heard this, all in the synagogue were filled with rage. 29 They got up, drove him out of the town, and led him to the brow of the hill on which their town was built, so that they might hurl him off the cliff. 30 But he passed through the midst of them and went on his way.
For the country folk to be up and to arm.” . . .
My uncle invited me to join his class and tour the Old North Church. I readily agreed and met him there the next day. Even though the poem is historically inaccurate, the signal from the bell tower of the British march is true. We all followed my uncle on the tour, heard him describe the history of the church building including the famous bell tower. The church is very old and preserved, so on these tours you really can’t go running around the building. You can look, but you can’t go past the velvet ropes that separate the public from the private areas. But it was quite interesting.
So up I go. With special permission because my uncle taught this class at B.C., I had the exclusive privilege of climbing up the bell tower of the Old North Church. I got to see the place where those two lanterns were hung. Plus I got to climb up into the pulpit and go down into the vaults underneath the church.
Special privilege! It’s all about who you know! That’s how you get the special stuff, by knowing people with clout and influence.
And so here are the people back in Jesus’ home church who really know him. He’s working miracles all over Galilee and now he’s come back to where he grew up. We’re the people that baby sat him. We’re the people that coached his little league team. We’re the people that gave him piano lessons. We’re the people that taught him in Sunday School. If he’s dazzling people in other towns with miracles and cures and powerful teaching where people don’t even know him, what’s he gonna do here for us?
With high expectations, they come to see what their hometown boy can do. They’ve got an inside track to some exclusive miracles that not everyone gets to see. Some kind of demons are going to get cast out today! There are going to be some special cures for diseases that he doesn’t cure in other towns!
So imagine their disappointment when they received nothing more than all the other people in Galilee. In fact, they got less—Jesus did no miracles at all in Nazareth.
When they start to express their disappointment—after all, there has to be some advantage to having a personal relationship with Jesus—he starts to tell them that God sometimes actually shows favor toward those who don’t know him, toward the unrighteous and the undeserving.
They became angry. They were so upset about his claim that they were no more deserving of God’s privilege than Gentiles and unbelievers and wicked people that they tried to throw him off a cliff. They felt they deserved more. They deserved better. Because they knew Jesus.
How does that sit with us? Most of us are here because we know Jesus. We confess our faith in him. We trust him for forgiveness. We give up a Sunday morning to come to him. We know him. And if what he says here is true, then all our faithfulness and belief don’t gain us anything. We, his devout followers, get no special privilege at all. How does that sit with you?
And yet this, apparently, is God’s word being fulfilled. This is what the prophets of old were trying to make clear. This is what Jesus came to fulfill, his purpose, his mission. That no one gets special privileges.
No, that’s not exactly true. The nature of God means that everyone gets special privileges. Everyone will be filled with love. God’s dream is that everyone will be fed, cared for, accepted, valued. Everyone. We all get the special tour of forgiveness and wholeness. This is God’s good news for the world. We’re all privileged, we’re all included, we’re all insiders. And we, Christ’s church, we get to share that with the rest of the world. Everyone you meet this week gets God’s special privilege of love, grace, and mercy! We get to share that good news with them! | 2019-04-19T00:59:03Z | https://pastorrobmoss.wordpress.com/2016/02/ | Porn | Reference | 0.171077 |
tripod | I'm the cool one and love skateboarding. I can wear my shoes out in record time, and have a closet full to prove it.
Home schooling is cool because I can work hard and get my work done by noon so I have more time to skateboard.
My other love was paintballing. Until I got shot. Those things hurt!
My great ambition is to grow up to be like my brother. He's cool.
I take guitar lessons and have 2 guitars to take up my spare time. | 2019-04-25T17:48:42Z | http://dycksdigest.tripod.com/Jon.html | Porn | Recreation | 0.664973 |
msu | Paul grew up in Burkesville, Kentucky (pop. 1200) and attended Western Kentucky University where he received a B.A. in Music and an M.A. in Folk Studies. Between degrees he regularly toured and recorded as a bass player with several Americana and Bluegrass artists including Tim Krekel, Pat Haney, and Curtis Burch of New Grass Revival fame. Along with Erika Brady, he spent two years as a co-host of Barren River Breakdown, a beloved weekly radio show devoted to American music with roots. Upon finishing his graduate work in 2003, Paul moved to Nashville as Director of Education and Collections for Historic Carnton Plantation where he developed educational programs, produced temporary exhibits and a small Folklife festival, and furthered relationships and partnerships with other area non-profit organizations. Since 2005, Paul has worked with Humanities Tennessee where he administers grant and awards programs and works closely with dozens of volunteer-run local history organizations to further develop their organizational and programming capacity. He also contributes regularly to Chapter16.org, the online literary magazine of Humanities Tennessee. He is a member, and currently President, of the Tennessee Folklore Society and has served on grant review panels for the Mississippi Arts Commission, the Tennessee Arts Commission, and the National Endowment for the Arts. | 2019-04-21T13:08:09Z | http://ohda.matrix.msu.edu/about/authors/mccoy/ | Porn | Arts | 0.93529 |
wikipedia | Saint-Georges-sur-Cher is a commune in the Loir-et-Cher department of central France.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Saint-Georges-sur-Cher.
This page was last edited on 9 January 2018, at 21:06 (UTC). | 2019-04-21T01:04:43Z | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Georges-sur-Cher | Porn | Reference | 0.660849 |
wordpress | Halloweenie | Where In The World Is Bjorn?
So we are 4 days in and the Halloweenies are having fun already! It’s their month.
Georgie’s friend Penny lives here. He once gave him a balloon. It only cost Georgie an arm but it’s okay his arm grew back.
Georgie’s new friend Cory hates creepy things. Once she got caught up in a dream world and things didn’t go as she expected.
You see “The Others” tried to take over her life and world. Now they pop up all over the place. Like during our photo shoot.
Seriously, Georgie really doesn’t see the creepy in The Other Mother? I guess that’s why I like him. Clueless but nice.
Celebrating the First Eagles Win! Fly Eagles Fly!
The Eagles beat the Falcons 18-12. The Halloweenies love this time of year. Their time of year!
The newest addition to the Halloweenies met an unfortunate accident over the weekend. He was accidentally dismembered by a dog.
A mere fifteen minutes after this picture was taken Lock suffered a traumatic limp loss. It’s not smiling anymore.
Billy B has joined the Halloween festivities as the newest Halloweenie. The Roomie said, as of September 1st, we are Halloweening. This year she’s in it for 2 months instead of the usual October 1 – 31st.
We’ve had tropical conditions lately. Very hot but also very, very humid. Then it rains and becomes very, very steamy!
We were all blaming this guy. Look more rainstorms behind him. Not Cool Heaty!
The Thunder and Lightning was just what was left of Hurricane Alberto.
Jimmy and Eddie had fun and to them that is all that mattered. So I guess it was a win after all, lol!
The Roomie is very much into voting. She says it’s a treasure that is squandered by so many because they don’t realize it’s real value.
Mr. Nigel Murray commented his vote doesn’t count because he’s not American.
Maybe not here in the USA but your vote counts in the UK! I think he’s just still bitter he wasn’t invited to Prince Harry’s wedding to Meghan Markel!
After so much bad weather we all wanted to get out of the house for a bit! We decided to check out the local park.
We got to see the local Emus and Alpacas. Love those guys!
It was really nice to take this adventure with my cousin Elsa! | 2019-04-26T06:26:54Z | https://bjornandmick.wordpress.com/category/files/halloweenie/ | Porn | Recreation | 0.765453 |
wordpress | It was announced that the actor Patrick Macnee, star of The Avengers TV series, has died on 25th June in California at the age of 93.
Born in London, he grew up in Berkshire and was educated at Eton.
At the age of 11, he acted in Henry V opposite a young Sir Christopher Lee. He first appeared in the West End while still in his teens. He also played a number of minor roles – including one in Laurence Olivier’s 1948 film version of Hamlet – before rising to fame in the original Avengers series between 1961 and 1969.
The series developed a cult following around the world, with Macnee portraying the quintessentially English and mysterious super-spy John Steed.
Here is an interview which was recorded in 1985 with Marjorie Bilbow in which Patrick recalls his early film roles, his time in The Avengers and working with Roger Moore. | 2019-04-25T00:41:37Z | https://radiochatter.wordpress.com/tag/marjorie-bilbow/ | Porn | Arts | 0.556676 |
tripod | the flag raising atop Mt. Suribachi.
among his fellow 31st SEABEEs' station on Iwo Jima.
to memorialize a powerful chapter in American History.
Sadly, Mr. Waldon T. Rich, passed away this past August.
He will be sorely missed by his family, friends and fellow SEABEEs'.
Image of the Waldon T. Rich.
Mr. Waldon T. Rich in an image taken circa 1980. He was an avid lover of the outdoors. The image was taken at a camp ground in Mommouth Mountain where he has a summer camp grounds host.
Waldon T. Rich's personal photos taken during his tour on Iwo Jima. Images of the 5th Marine Division cemetary where he helped to make the plaque on the stonebase. Circa 1945.
TIME Magazine story about the Iwo Jima flag raising atop Mt. Suribachi taken by Joe Rosenthal. This is the image that inspired the rock carving that Mr. Rich did in honor of the fighting men on Iwo Jima.
Persistence gains recognition for WWII sculptor on Iwo Jima. This image shows Dale Rich's twin sister, Arlene, (deceased) in front row from left, with her co-workers who were working to get recognition for Waldon Rich's carving.
Waldon T. Rich's rock carving as it appeared in a newspaper article. Image is from family photo album and as of yet is unidentified..
A yet to be identified set of images taking at the Waldon T. Rich's rock carving on Iwo Jima. The images above are from the Rich's personal family album.
Thanks from the Coast Guard. Newspaper clipping with article about the correspondences between Dale Rich and the Coast Guard Lieutenant on Iwo Jima when he came home on a training mission. Dale's twin sister, Donna, is on the left, Waldon T. Rich second from left, the the Coast Guard Lt along with some of Donna's co-workers. Waldon Rich is holding a color aerial photograph of Iwo Jima given him by the Coast Guard Lt.
Rock Carving by Waldon T. Rich. Image taken during the 2002 tour of Iwo Jima by Ms. Diane Kuebler, whose father had also served on Iwo Jima with the Navy Seabees'.
the 2002 tour of Iwo Jima by Ms. Diane Kuebler.
Dedicated to the brave men who lost their liveson this island February 19, 1945.
Carved and dedicated by Mr. Waldon T. Rich.
The information above was compiled from e-mail messages received in March 2003 from Mr. Waldon T. Rich's son and daughter, Patricia and Dale Rich. Some of the above images were also contributed by Ms. Diane Kuebler, the daughter of the late Arthur O. Kuebler who is a member of the 31st Navy SEABEEs' Association and who recently toured Iwo Jima in March of last year.
Includes a section on the recent visit to Iwo Jima in March of last year.
This image and the one below are from a Japanese web site and include a dedication marker crediting the rock carving to Mr. Waldon T. Rich.
Close up view of the dedication marker to Mr. Waldon T. Rich.
Includes a few additional images of the rock carving taken over the past years by men stationed on Iwo Jima. | 2019-04-18T11:03:57Z | http://carol_fus.tripod.com/photo_seabee_wtrich2.html | Porn | Arts | 0.070294 |
wordpress | Somewhat cliche “Art School 101 perspective” type picture, but I like it anyway. MAX trains are stored either here at Ruby or at the Elmonica yard. The tracks are numbered and the spaces are lettered (e.g. storage track 5 E & F) so you know, for example, where to store your train when returning to the yard.
And now, back to your regularly scheduled (more or less) technical posts.
The audio and readerboard announcements and external signs on the trains (Types 2, 3, and 4) are controlled via the APACU in the train, or Automatic Passenger Announcement Control Unit. In the Type 1 trains, the external signs are all manually scrolled and there are no readerboards, but the audio announcements are still set through the APACU (which will also set the readerboards and signs in your trailing Type 2 or Type 3). In the Type 4s it’s actually called the Automatic Announcement Control Panel, but since AACP isn’t an especially pronounceable acronym and I’m old and resistant to change, we’re sticking with APACU.
The APACU is typically programmed at the ends of the lines, though it can also be set mid-route when necessary. The above picture shows part of a paddle, or schedule, for a Blue Line train. The #99 refers to the route code used to get a train to Hatfield, and the 0019 refers to how you set the APACU to get Blue Line announcements for a westbound trip from Cleveland to Hatfield. For a route code, it doesn’t matter if I’m out at the airport, leaving the Elmonica Yard, or anywhere else- if I’m directed to go to Hatfield Gov Center, my route code will be 99. Doesn’t matter where I’m starting from. The APACU, on the other hand, is based both on where you are and where you are going. It is location-dependent where you’re starting from in order to announce all of the stops, so each of those destinations to Hatfield has a different APACU value.
An operator can reprogram the APACU along with the route code if their train gets rerouted so that their announcements match the new route. The above picture, which is a little hard to see in the dark, shows the pocket track at Beaverton Transit Center (which is typically used only by Red Line trains) with a Gresham-bound Blue Line in it. I forget exactly what the problem was the night I took this picture but westbound trains needed to do turnbacks at BTC, so Blue Line trains headed west to Hillsboro were directed into this track instead of the westbound mainline so they could turn back east. Even though this train was headed for Hillsboro when it came into Sunset TC, the route code was changed to send the train into the pocket track at BTC, and once the operator got here, the APACU was set to have the stop announcements match the eastbound movement back to Gresham.
The route code and APACU codes are two different systems. Because they function separately, this is what allows an out-of-service train to go wherever it needs but keep a “NOT IN SERVICE” message on the external signs. And no internal announcements either for out-of-service trains – I remember that had been a bit of a shock for me when I was in training and we took out-of-service trains on the mainline for the first time to learn where the platforms were and when to begin braking for them. I had assumed that I could just listen for the announcement of an upcoming platform to start braking since I had made the association that the announcements usually come around the time that the train begins slowing down for a platform approach, but nope, no announcements when your APACU is set “Not In Service”. Had to learn where everything was without that kind of help!
No GPS involved – the announcements work by counting how many times the wheels turn between platforms. In the older cars, the counter resets each time the doors are opened, and APACU won’t advance forward if the doors don’t open at the current platform. However, the Type 4 announcements will still advance forward even if the doors don’t open at a platform.
In the event of running reverse traffic (e.g. east in the westbound track) the APACU can tell that you’re approaching a platform but it doesn’t know enough to tell you that the doors are going to open on the other side of the train, so in those cases the operator will have to make a PA announcement to manually correct the error. This is a very infrequent occurrence.
On routes that change color or go out of service, the scrolling of the external signs happens automatically. For example, if you’re on a Yellow or Green train headed south toward PSU, the signs will automatically start scrolling to Out of Service after you leave City Hall/SW Jefferson with no action required on the part of the operator. When they get into the turnaround at Jackson, they’ll set both the route code and APACU for where their train is scheduled to go next.
Red square, nothing in the circle to… Expo?
Could be the result of a random error, from taking power under a section isolator, the phase of the moon, etc. I was joking about the phase of the moon part. Mostly. The 4s will also sometimes display a self-test error on one or more of the LED signs.
The 2s and 3s will get their share of announcement errors as well. Sometimes the audio announcements will be fine but the readerboards will be stuck on a stop, or one of the exterior signs gets stuck. You can try resetting the APACU, but that doesn’t always work for everything. The good news is that it doesn’t affect how the train runs until a mechanic is able to fix it. | 2019-04-19T02:35:30Z | https://maxfaqs.wordpress.com/category/train-cars/ | Porn | Reference | 0.685249 |
wordpress | Preach, teach, counsel & lead. Dr. D great article!! | 2019-04-22T08:01:01Z | https://dranitadavisdefoe.wordpress.com/2019/01/24/service-is-a-global-pursuit/ | Porn | Reference | 0.331956 |
typepad | -Myra Skidmore: "Love this new line of papers! The colors and patterns are stunning, and I can only imagine all the beautiful creations that can be made with it. Great job, Graphic 45 folks!"
-Sharon Lanaya: "Would LOVE to win this new collection!!! Graphic 45 ROCKS!"
- Cherrie Vrabel: "I am so in love with this collection!!"
-Debbie Holt: "Need my sunglasses for this bright & sunny collection - I see lots of summer projects done with this beautiful collection. Thanks for the chance to win it."
Congratulations! Will today's winners please email us with your shipping address at [email protected] to claim your prize! Prize packs will be mailed out in early June.
And now it's time to say hello to 4 more exquisite papers from Bohemian Bazaar! Let these bright and joyful designs inspire your creativity! Just imagine what you'll be creating with this fresh new Graphic 45 collection!
Want to get even more excited for Bohemian Bazaar? Here are some gorgeous ideas from Diane's workshop! It was created by Diane and Connie! Behold this beautiful Bohemian Bazaar altered box and card! The bright and cheerful colors are just perfect for summer crafts and cards for all occasions! Wow!
This project was really fun because the box is made of older indonesian teakwood. One of the things that make altered art with Graphic 45 papers interesting is finding unusual pieces like this to cover. Almost anything can be altered with paper! Look around the house, you probably have many objects that could easily be transformed into a work of art. Look for pieces with flat, smooth surfaces. This box was a piece that Diane bought on one of her treasure hunts. It had everything an altered art project could hope for...drawers, secret compartments, doors, and a flip up picture frame! There were a few things done to prep the box. It had been a dark color, so it was painted a nice vanilla that complemented the latest Graphic 45 Bohemian papers. The color is an ‘Americana’ acrylic paint called Bleached Sand. You can find it at any craft store that sells this brand. After painting let dry for 24 hours so adhesive will bond. The hardware on the drawers were replaced with Graphic 45 drawer pulls. Just changing the hardware or adding hardware where there wasn’t any can make such a difference!
The Bohemian Bazaar card is a 6x6 fold over design using Graphic 45 Bohemian Bazaar #4500709 as the base. Side A being the outside and side B showing through the cutout design on front. Side B of Jasmine Nights #4500703 is the blue strip on lower front. Lap of Luxury #4500708 postcard layers on top with a pocket and card placed at an angle. Flowers were cut from side B of Opulent Sunset #4500706. Cardstock buttons were added to the center of the flowers and tied with ribbon. a small strip was cut and placed on top of front of card using side B of Mystical Masterpiece #4500705. On the inside of the card a piece of complementing cardstock was adhered and a tag was layered on top. Side B of Opulent Sunset was placed under the cutout on front of card to add depth to the cutout design. A beautiful, fresh and bright card made from Graphic 45 Bohemian Bazaar!
We hope you all enjoyed today's super sneak peeks of Bohemian Bazaar! We have even more sneak peeks to bring you all week long beginning on Monday right here on the Graphic 45 blog! Be the first to see our latest and greatest new collections and enter for a chance to win them! We will also be announcing today's 4 winners of the "Win It Before You Can Buy It" contest on Monday's blog! Be sure to leave us a blog or Facebook comment today for your chance to win today's prize! There is so much to look forward to! We wish you all a very happy day and a relaxing weekend! Thank you so much for joining us, G45ers!
This one is certainly a winner. Love all the colors and designs. Thanks for the inspiration.
The postcards are to live for!!!! I love the paper pack and can't wait to get it and start with some old time framing fun!
Oh wow this is some kind of gorgeous - LOVE the bright colors here!
just fantastic! so bright and beautiful! way the go G45!
What beautiful vibrant colors! Love the different shapes and edges on the tags and pockets.
Just when I thought it couldn't get any better, it did. These are wonderful!
One of these days I will win! And this is such a fun collection . . . I really need it!
Gorgeous colors and patterns in this collection! The projects by the DT are fantastic!
I knew these papers would lead to some beautiful projects!
I can't wait to make my first mini album out of these!
These papers will make may bright and cheerful projects. Graphic 45 rocks!
Wow.. so beautiful! I can't wait to get my hands on some of this!
Simply AAAmazing!!! I have soo many summer shots that will layer perfectly over these gorgeous papers! Love, love, love it !!!!
Beautiful altered box and card made from this wonderful paper collection. Grat ideas thanks for sharing them.
I love it so much!!! Thanks for the chance to win!
Wow! That is just gorgeous. Love, love, love Graphic 45.
So beautiful!! Just loving this collection!!!
I am memorized by Kaleidoscope! t is an illusion of color and I feel like I am looking at a real Kaleidoscope! I like the yellow side too.
wow...so bold, bright and beautiful!
This gets better & better. Beautiful collection.
I bought a coat rack for my new condo that I want to use the Bohemian papers on. My plan is to decoupage it after painting it high gloss aqua. I can't wait!
LOVE the bright colors! This collection is very me with the bright colors.
My last chance to win it before I can buy it ... and I will buy it as these colors just speak to my bohemian heritage BIG time!
Bold and bright! Love it!
The colours are just so fresh and vibrant!
I love the colors, so vibrant and cheerful!
I absolutely adore this collection! There are so many possibilities for creating with these beautiful pieces.
These colors are so bright and bold. Love them!!
Oh my -- Can't wait for it to arrive at my LSS. So excited with the colors!
These colors are out of my comfort range BUT I love a challenge! Can't wait.
I am on stimulus overload!!!
I just love that blue color in the papers. The box and the card are awesome.
Wow I love Diane's cute little treasure box!!! Oh how I love these colors this collection is a must have for me!!! When it comes out in Holland I am going to buy it right away.....it feels like a beautiful summer day on the Graphic 45 blog today!!! Have a wonderful weekend you all hugs Amy.....oh congrats to the winners you lucky ladies. | 2019-04-24T06:24:43Z | https://g45papers.typepad.com/graphic45/2013/05/graphic-45-sneak-peeks-day-3-bohemian-bazaar.html | Porn | Reference | 0.069597 |
tripod | Go ahead and print this out. This might keep you busy on a rainy days. Words/Names in puzzle derived from the ANIME version of Great Teacher Onizuka.
CLICK HERE TO GO BACK TO THE LIBRARY SECTION OF THE GREAT TEACHER ONIZUKA FANSITE. | 2019-04-24T00:02:14Z | http://kikuchifan34.tripod.com/gtowordsearchpuzzle1a.html | Porn | Reference | 0.238039 |
wordpress | #7 Australia and Leeds. My two favourite musical places at the moment.
#6 Was worried about a dry week – then all the gems came flying in. | 2019-04-22T04:12:20Z | https://elisecobain.wordpress.com/2012/10/ | Porn | Arts | 0.427931 |
wordpress | “The Second Amendment ensures all the others” becomes even more true in times when “fellow American” means less.
I’m not a hardline 2nd Amendment guy like I once was, since increasingly I’m filled with doubt as to whether the original spirit of the 2nd Amendment is applicable in a time when private local militias are rare and most of the things private local militias used to do are now done by centralized police and military forces which are in turn controlled by the government.
But newer justifications of the right to keep and bear arms – whether for self-defense or recreation – seem entirely legitimate. And, if militias of yore have morphed into aspects of our modern government, then the arming of private citizens, even when not organized into militias, is especially critical as a blockade against tyranny. | 2019-04-21T10:23:04Z | https://welldotdotdot.wordpress.com/2018/08/30/the-2nd-amendment/ | Porn | Recreation | 0.864221 |
wordpress | HomeHas The World Divided Israel?
If you feel like sharing your thoughts with us please do so in the comments area below.
This is the most important decision of your life! You could get every life decision wrong but if you get the decision to ask Christ into your life right, the rest ultimately won’t matter when you meet Jesus face to face! | 2019-04-26T05:54:59Z | https://brostef.wordpress.com/2017/06/19/has-the-world-divided-israel/ | Porn | Home | 0.434595 |
wordpress | A few months ago, I impulsively bought a skein of MadelineTosh sock yarn because it was such as gorgeous fuchsia colour. My plan was to make socks for me, but I gave them to my stepdaughter because they ended up the tiniest whisker too big for me and the perfect fit on her.
The lace pattern is interesting enough to be fun to knit without being a complicated chore.
I knitted the two socks together, using the inside of the ball for one and the outside for the other. I ended up with almost no leftover yarn because I was able to keep knitting until I ran out. I love knitting two socks at a time from the toe up for that reason.
I like how the lace pattern extends into the cuff.
Another pair of socks to keep toes toasty.
Yes, I am a little disappointed that I did not keep them for myself, especially because the colour is so beautiful and such a good match for the beanie I made and the scarf I am still working on.
Maybe I will have to cast on another pair of socks for me!
If you are a knitter, the pattern and other details are on my Ravelry page.
I’m so impressed, you do such beautiful work.
I am intrigued how you were able to knit both on circular needles. Is there a video out there to watch? I am a few rows into my first attempt at double pointed needles and am finding it very challenging. Susie.
Oh wow, these socks are beautiful. You are such a fantastic knitter. I am hopeless at knitting. It’s knit two, drop a few style that I can manage. Love them.
Making my own socks is on my bucket list, as I am not a knitter. I am hoping it is such a charming event, it will lead to other knitting. My pasr experience with yarn, no matter where I start from it knots. Genius how you worked these, it almost seems magic!
They are a lovely colour Carla! Surely it wouldn’t be too hard to make a slightly smaller pair! I wish I could take a lesson from you. Sock knitting has been on my list for way too long!
Those are lovely!! I’d be disappointed, too but now you know the pattern needs to be resized a bit for you. I’ve not tried socks from the toe up or two at a time but being able to use all the yarn might just be the incentive I need to try both ideas!
That’s an awesome colour. And the socks look amazing. Well done.
That color!❤️❤️ The lace pattern shows beautifully with that yarn. | 2019-04-19T18:15:00Z | https://grannymaudsgirl.wordpress.com/2018/09/02/pretty-socks/ | Porn | Science | 0.102487 |
blogs | How are you today? I'm superfantastic.: We all knew these two blog post categories would intersect eventually.
We all knew these two blog post categories would intersect eventually.
You know how sometimes something ridiculous happens to you (or maybe you make the ridiculous thing happen) and you think, "This could only happen to me."
Today, I was making arroz con pollo in the crock pot. The directions said to put the rice in the crock pot, stir it up with a tablespoon of oil and turn it on high while you chop the vegetables. I put the rice and oil in our small crock pot, then chopped an onion, red pepper, green pepper, cayenne pepper, four tomatoes, and four cloves of garlic. (Without cutting myself!) I added a quarter cup of white wine, then started dumping in my vegetables. At which point it became clear that my small crock pot was too small for all of this, plus broth and chicken. So I got out our big crock pot, put it in the sink, and started dumping the contents of the small one into it.
The small crock pot was hot, so I was holding it with pot holders and it kind of slipped into the big crock. And got completely wedged in.
This is the point at which I 1.) begin giving the bottle of wine the side-eye, 2.) think that if I can just get it unstuck before Raj gets home, nobody will ever need to know about this, 3.) take a picture because of course I'm going to tell the internet.
That thing was not budging. The only thing I could think of to get it unstuck would be to run cold water over it, but that wasn't going to work with our entire dinner inside. Fortunately, we happen to have a third medium-size crock pot.
Actually, it's our rice cooker. Before we left DC, Raj's friend's mom had us over for a lesson in Indian cooking. When her husband found out that we didn't have a rice cooker, he was appalled and promised to buy us one as a wedding gift. I have to say, I think this is the Cadillac of rice cookers. It's also a steamer and a slow cooker. When we leave Okinawa, this will be high on the list of items going in our express shipment back to the US since it does so many things.
Anyway, I dumped everything in there, spent quite some time trying to fish out all of the vegetables that were stuck between the two crocks, then added the broth and chicken and got the whole thing cooking. And realized I forgot to buy the frozen peas that were supposed to go in at the end, which will probably be pretty much the least of this dinner's problems.
I did eventually get the crocks unstuck. I washed both and did consider just hiding the evidence and pretending it never happened before beginning to mentally compose this blog post.
Then I decided to press my kitchen luck by making snickerdoodles because we've got new neighbors and I want to take them something and say hello. Cookie dough isn't a risk though. Cookie dough behaves. Except for the way that bits of it sneak into my mouth prior to baking. Why you gotta be so delicious, cookie dough?
The dough is currently chilling in the fridge in the mixer bowl. On another occasion when the same thing was happening, Raj noticed the bowl wasn't in the mixer and started to say, "Where's the..." then started laughing before continuing, "...it's not called the cookie thing." It's not, but it kind of may as well be. I've kneaded dough and whipped cream in there, but probably 90% of my mixer's use is related to cookies. And the dough all fits in the bowl every single time.
I suppose we can't switch to an all cookie diet, no matter how much some of us may like the idea of that plan. So the adventures in cooking continue. But first: wine.
Update: After eating this, I can say that the results aren't really even worth all the chopping, much less the added sturm und drang, so I've removed the link. The snickerdoodles, on the other hand, are delightful as always. | 2019-04-23T00:30:36Z | https://superfantastic.blogs.com/weblog/2014/07/we-all-knew-these-two-blog-post-categories-would-intersect-eventually.html | Porn | News | 0.70108 |
wordpress | October | 2015 | Cooking With Mr. C.
In a large skillet, put olive oil and garlic. Cook garlic for a minute and then add zucchini.
Cook pasta to desired taste. Drain well.
Add sauce on top of pasta. Put shredded mozzarella and zucchini on top. | 2019-04-22T10:40:14Z | https://cookingwithmrc.wordpress.com/2015/10/ | Porn | Reference | 0.470252 |
greenend | 3 ## moderators - Mailing addresses for moderators.
8 ## changes should be sent to [email protected].
12 ## moderated newsgroups can also be added to this file.
19 ## changed to dashes.
21 ## The first matching entry is used.
23 ## Public hierarchies with exceptions.
32 ## Direct all other public hierarchies to the master moderator database. | 2019-04-22T01:28:09Z | http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/ucgi/~ian/git?p=inn-innduct.git;a=blob;f=samples/moderators;h=b85c6e461af7d05e0ba41e0e2ef48789a49959b1;hb=8f96ca50aa0f9edfd4cd9597dedeeaea07134f7f | Porn | Reference | 0.29468 |
wordpress | I am a history nut. And one of my favorite historical periods that I love to study is the Antebellum Era of the United States. One of my favorite topics from this period is the California Gold Rush. I also love movies. But despite this love, I have been constantly disappointed by Hollywood’s inability to create a first-rate movie about Gold Rush.
I may have to take back my comment about Hollywood’s inability to produce a first-rate movie or television production about the Gold Rush. There were at least three that managed to impress me. Unfortunately, the latest film about the Gold Rush that I saw was Paramount Pictures’ 1947 film, “CALIFORNIA”. And it did not impress me.
Directed by John Farrow, “CALIFORNIA” told the story of how California became this country’s 31st state. The story, written by Frank Butler and Theodore Strauss, is told from the viewpoints of a handful of characters – a female gambler/singer named Lily Bishop, a former U.S. Army officer-turned-wagon train guide named Jonathan Trumbo, a former slave ship captain and profiteer named Captain Pharaoh Coffin, and a Irish-born farmer named Michael Fabian. The movie starts in 1848 Pawnee Flats, Missouri in which female gambler Lily Bishop is ordered by the town’s female citizens to leave, when someone accuses her of cheating. She manages to join a wagon train bound for California, due to the generosity of a westbound emigrant named Michael Fabian. Unfortunately, the wagon train’s guide, Jonathan Trumbo and a few other emigrants object to Lily’s presence on the train. Lily and Trumbo become attracted to each other, but the latter’s refusal to face his feelings get in the way. Before the wagon train can reach the Sacramento Valley, a traveler reveals the discovery of gold at Sutter’s Mill to the emigrants. Despite Trumbo’s efforts, the emigrants abandon the train and rush toward the goldfields. Lily departs with another gambler named Booth Pannock, who injured Trumbo with a whip. By the time the latter reaches the Sacramento Valley with Fabian, he discovers that Lily and Pannock are employed by a former sea captain-turned-businessman Captain Pharaoh Coffin at his saloon in Pharaoh City.
Trumbo learns from the former emigrants that Pharaoh not only control the countryside – including the goldfields – that surround Pharaoh City. He also realizes that he is still in love with Lily, despite her growing relationship with Pharaoh. Lily realizes that despite her attempt to view Pharaoh as a man worthy of her love, he is still a ruthless and manipulative tyrant determined to take control of the entire California territory. Even worse, Pharaoh is haunted by his past as a slave ship captain and has a tendency to lapse into psychotic ramblings. Matters between Trumbo and Pharaoh becomes even more heated when the former decides to organize political opposition to Pharaoh by convincing Fabian to run as a delegate for the Monterey convention on statehood. As supporters for California statehood, both Trumbo and Fabian could end Pharaoh’s dreams of a West Coast empire.
One of the descriptions of “CALIFORNIA” described it as an “epic” account of how California became a state. It occurred to me that this could have been the perfect narrative for a two-to-three hour film or a miniseries. But a historical epic crammed into a 97-minute film? It finally hit me that the narrative for “CALIFORNIA” was simply too much and too vague for a 97-minute Western. The movie could have worked well if the story had been about a wagon train trek to California . . . or the Gold Rush experiences of the main characters . . . or simply a political drama about California becoming a state. But to cram all three potential narratives into a movie with the running time of a B-oater was just ridiculous. And if I must be brutally frank, this short running time, combined with so many subplots and an inability to focus on one particular theme really damaged this film. Another aspect about “CALIFORNIA” that really turned me off was the amount of songs featured in it. There were times – especially in the film’s first five to ten minutes – when I wondered if I was watching a Western or a musical. The movie’s opening sequence featured some overblown tune about pioneers with a montage of westbound emigrants on the Oregon and California trails. To make matters worse, not long after the dispersed Fabian-Trumbo wagon train reach California, audiences are subjected to another pretentious musical montage about those same pioneers being caught up in the search for gold.
And it seemed such a pity. “CALIFORNIA” really had a first-rate cast. Barbara Stanwyck, whom I consider to be one of the greatest actresses in Hollywood film history, was perfectly cast as the bad good-woman Lily Bishop. After all, this was a role that she had played to perfection in previous films. A good number of critics felt that the Welsh-born Ray Milland was miscast as Jonathan Trumbo. I would have agreed that he seemed miscast on paper. But . . . watching this movie made me remember that Trumbo was not some frontiersman who had been raised on the Western plains. He was an educated man, probably born and raised on the East Coast, and a former Army officer. And Milland not only pulled it off, he also proved to be a first-rate action man and generated a great deal of heat with Stanwyck, especially in scenes in which their characters engaged in some kind of psuedo-masochistic courtship. I was surprised to see that George Coulouris also had a strong screen chemistry with Stanwyck. He also did a great job in portraying the ruthless, yet slightly psychotic Captain Pharaoh. Although, I feel that the portrayal of his madness went over-the-top in one of the movie’s final scenes. And Barry Fitzgerald was perfect as the compassionate, yet strong-willed farmer, Michael Fabian. His character could have been a one-note good guy, but Fitzgerald infused a good deal of charm and energy into the role, making it one of my favorites in the movie. The movie also featured solid supporting performances from Albert Dekker, Frank Faylen, Gavin Muir and yes . . . even Anthony Quinn. I am reluctant to include Quinn, because of his limited appearance in the movie. He still managed to give an excellent performance.
The movie also featured excellent work from the team responsible for the art direction, Roland Anderson and Hans Dreier; and the two set decorators, Sam Comer and Ray Moyer. I also enjoyed the costumes designed by Edith Head (for Stanwyck and the movie’s other actresses) and Gile Steele (for Milland and the movie’s other actors). Both Head and Steele did a pretty solid job of re-creating the fashions of the late 1840s, even if I did not particularly found them mind blowing. I certainly enjoyed Victor Young’s lively score for the movie. However, I have mixed feelings for the songs written by Earl Robinson and E.Y. “Yip” Harburg. I found the songs written for the movie’s montages – “California” and “The Gold Rush” rather pompous and overblown. But I have to admit that two of their other songs – “I Should ‘A Stood in Massachusetts” and “Lily-I-Lay-De-O” very entertaining.
I have come across reviews of the movie that accused John Farrow of uninspired or flawed direction. Mind you, I found nothing particularly special about his direction. I thought he did a solid job. But I doubt that he or any other director could have risen about the rushed and overstuffed screenplay penned by Frank Butler and Theodore Strauss. If the pair had stuck to one particular theme for this movie, the latter could have been a decent and entertaining piece of work. Instead, audiences were left with an overblown and pretentious story stuffed into a movie with a 97-minute running time. What a shame! What a shame. | 2019-04-18T18:57:51Z | https://ladylavinia1932.wordpress.com/tag/ray-milland/ | Porn | Arts | 0.271307 |
google | Thank you so much for your willingness to support this years´ OuiShare Fest. We have received far more than 100 applications since the opening of our call and are overwhelmed that so many are willing to help out - this is amazing!
The down side of this is that we unfortunately have more volunteer applications than tasks. Therefore we are sorry to tell you that we no longer have volunteer positions available.
- We already got feedback that in some cases it was possible to get the ticket funded by the university, the local government or the employer.
- OuiShare can be registered as "Organisme de Formation" so that you could ask for funding for the Lifelong Learning Program.
- Some people are setting up a crowdfunding campaign for themselves to get the ticket funded.
We really hope you can make it to OuiShare Fest nevertheless and look forward to meeting you in May! | 2019-04-22T00:07:44Z | https://docs.google.com/forms/d/15QpVEkvXR9-DpAKLYoUSPOXrfnYRG9aCPnMoK3WUrJo/closedform | Porn | Business | 0.86283 |
typepad | This webpage offers additional content for print and news media covering our recent paper, featured on the cover of Nature's 24 May 2012 issue, about the discovery of a new sensory organ in the jaws of rorqual whales.
See the Publications and Media page for links to media coverage of the paper, including articles and radio interviews.
Rorqual whales (such as blue whales, fin whales and humpback whales) are among the largest vertebrates of all-time. Despite decades of sustained hunting that provided countless opportunities to document their natural history, details of their biomechanics and morphology have remained obscure. Our findings describe a new sensory organ in the jaws of rorqual whales that plays a crucial role in how they feed by lunging and gulping prey-laden water. Our research found that this organ, located within the rorqual’s chin, has mechanoreceptors that communicate to the brain the dramatic changes in jaw position and throat pouch expansion during a lunge. Notably, such coordination was predicted by mathematical models of lunge-feeding based in parachute physics. These findings reveal more about the evolutionary sequence of these key traits that allowed rorqual whales to become the largest vertebrates ever.
How did we discover it?
Our research team collected rorqual tissue from commercial catch operations in Iceland in 2009 and 2010. (These tissues would have otherwise been discarded as part of the standard processing of whale carcasses). We dissected and recorded observation on these tissues in Iceland, and then returned additional samples, under CITES permits, to our research laboratories in Canada, where we used digital imaging techniques (such as X-ray computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) and histology to better understand the anatomy of these unusual features. CT and MRI scans showed us the configuration of blood vessels and nerves that entered this new organ from the jaws; they also confirmed that this organ has asymmetric blood vessels and nerves.
What are the most important conclusions of our study?
1. The new organ is an integrated, functional unit composed of different tissue types, including blood vessels, mechanoreceptors with nerves, and a gel-like cavity between the separated jaws within the chin. The organ is ideally located between jaw bones and specialized features of the throat pouch to coordinate all of these structures during the opening and closing of the mouth. Thus, the new sensory organ reveals a key piece about how the largest vertebrates ever feed.
2. The new sensory organ provides an explanation for how rorquals actively control the expansion of their throat pouch and mouth during lunge feeding, which is a result that was suggested by previous studies using theoretical calculations of their feeding and field studies of their diving profiles during feeding bouts.
3. This organ is unique because its constituent parts are found in no other living whale or mammal.
What does our study NOT say?
1. Our study does not tell us how nor why whales evolved to such extremely large body sizes.
2. Our study does not say how the brain processes information from this new organ. Experimental studies on living rorqual whales are not feasible.
3. Our study does not say that all whales have this organ. To date, the only whales that have this organ are rorquals, a group that includes species such as minke whales, sei whales, humpback whales, fin whales and blue whales.
Using the captions and credits below, the following images may be used freely for media purposes. Click on any image for a full-sized version.
Scientists from the University of British Columbia and the Smithsonian Institution collecting field data in Iceland. Left to right: Robert E. Shadwick (UBC), Jeremy A. Goldbogen (now at Cascadia Research Collective) and Nicholas D. Pyenson (Smithsonian Institution). Photo credit: A. Wayne Vogl and Nicholas D. Pyenson / Smithsonian Institution.
Scientists from the University of British Columbia and the Smithsonian Institution dissect tissue samples from the chin of a fin whale in Iceland. Left to right: Robert E. Shadwick (UBC), A. Wayne Vogl (UBC) and Nicholas D. Pyenson (Smithsonian Institution). Photo credit: Jeremy A. Goldbogen and Nicholas D. Pyenson / Smithsonian Institution.
Scientists from the University of British Columbia and the Smithsonian Instiution point to a ridge of tissue sampled from the throat pouch a fin whale (background) in Iceland. Left to right: Jeremy A. Goldbogen (Cascadia Research Collective), A. Wayne Vogl (UBC) and Robert E. Shadwick (UBC). Photo credit: Nicholas D. Pyenson / Smithsonian Institution.
A new sensory organ, found within the chin of rorqual whales, is responsible for coordinating the biomechanics of their extreme lunge-feeding strategy. Left, a fin whale after lunging; right, anatomy of the new sensory organ. Art by Carl Buell, arranged by Nicholas D. Pyenson / Smithsonian Institution. | 2019-04-22T15:07:01Z | https://nmnh.typepad.com/pyenson_lab/nature-rorquals-organ.html | Porn | Science | 0.617163 |
columbia | We have performed groundbreaking studies on the response of various biomarkers to complex irradiation fields, concentrating on dose rate effects, partial body exposures, internal emitters, and neutrons. Additionally, we have investigated the use of our biomarkers (micronuclei and DNA repair kinetics) as predictive assays of acute radiation sequelae in both mouse and man.
For Micronuclei yields, we have seen that Low dose rate (LDR) X-rays generated inherently linear dose-response curves, whereas acute exposure has a strong quadratic component. This is explained by the fact that at the lower dose rate, DNA breaks may have time to repair before the next x-ray interacts with that cell, whereas the acute dose may cause the formation of more micronuclei due to the interaction of effects from “consecutive” x-rays hitting the same cell. At the acute dose rate, this time is much shorter and repair cannot occur. Subsequently, the dose-response curve contains a quadratic element stemming from two x-ray effects.
We have performed internal emitter irradiations of mice using both 137Cs and 90Sr.
A mechanistic mathematical model (solid line in the figure) was applied to the data and successfully predicted the initial decline in the γ-H2AX frequency (due to the death of differentiated mature lymphocyte cells), as well as the increase in γ-H2AX frequency observed between Day 5 and 30, is due to the production of new lymphocytes from damaged progenitor cells.
Similarly, the model successfully predicted the γ-H2AX yields from internalized 90Sr, which has a very different dose profile.
We have studied samples obtained from partial body irradiations and were able to reconstruct the dose and fraction of body irradiated. At 3 days post-irradiation, micronuclei yields in mononuclear cells were significantly elevated when compared to time-matched controls with a clear dose dependence. In addition, there seems to be a difference in frequencies depending on which region of the body was irradiated, with lower body irradiations producing higher micronuclei frequencies than upper body irradiations at similar doses. The figure demonstrates our Contaminated Poisson algorithm for dose reconstruction from γ-H2AX measurements. The Black and Green curves respectively show a Poisson fit to the γ-H2AX fluorescence frequency in mice irradiated to 0 and 6 Gy respectively. The blue curve is a double Poisson fit generated for a mouse in which only the upper body was irradiated to 6 Gy. This clearly shows that about 30% of the blood was irradiated to 6 Gy with the rest unirradiated.
mBAND 6Exposures are expected to be primarily photons with a small fraction (by dose) of neutrons. However, due to the high RBE values of neutrons, the biological effects of even a small neutron exposure may match or exceed those of the photon dose. We have therefore started investigating dose reconstruction in mixed neutron/photon fields.
The figure shows, for example, micronucleus yields in a mixed photon neutron exposure. | 2019-04-26T07:46:14Z | https://www.crr.columbia.edu/cmcr/core-projects/rabit/results | Porn | Science | 0.945077 |
nuxit | Whitney Houston has gone into rehab for the second time.
The diva has already tried - and failed - to kick a crack cocaine habit in 2005.
Sister-in-law Tina Brown says husband Bobby Brown had no idea Houston had gone into treatment again.
Whitney Houston is my favourite fictional character on TV, KISSMYASS! In other news, stupid restrictions are blocking my PMs now!
Don't worry, I'll go curl up in a ball and cry until I find a connection with no restrictions.
She's a crackhead, there's little hope for her.
Hey! Bobby Brown is an American, he's been to jail! | 2019-04-23T02:23:08Z | http://superyo.nuxit.net/nickdisk/whitney_kissmyass_houston_back_in_rehab-115.htm | Porn | News | 0.916516 |
livejournal | I was wide awake at 3am this morning. I remember thinking "hey, if I can't get to sleep, I can just go into work really early..."
I've just arrived at work and am thinking that would have been a good idea.
I don't think 4am to Noon would be a very popular shift.
can you even get in at 4 am???
why would you get in at 4 am??? it's fricken WORK!!!
Better to be here and bored than.... Ummmm.
Ok nothing is worse than being here and bored. | 2019-04-22T02:57:13Z | https://gemsling.livejournal.com/49713.html | Porn | Business | 0.393717 |
wordpress | Now that I don’t eat a single thing that has more ingredients on the label than I have fingers, I am amazed at how much sugar is in EVERYTHING. Since I’m not eating sugar, this means that I’ve had to give up more than a few of my favorite convenience foods. What do I miss the most? Jarred mushroom marinara sauce.
Weird that I would pick pre-made spaghetti sauce? Maybe. But spaghetti with meat sauce was always one of my go-to weeknight comfort food meals. As the pasta cooked, I would brown ground beef with onion, garlic, and spices and then pour on the sauce. Dinner in less than 15 minutes. Even after I stopped eating gluten-laden noodles, I would still top quinoa pasta or spaghetti squash with my meat sauce.
Why, oh why, does marinara sauce need to be loaded with sugar? The answer: it doesn’t. Convenience? This sauce is great for busy weeknights, because I can throw the ingredients in the crock pot in the morning and come home to perfectly simmered sauce in the evening.
And don’t let me forget about the pasta. When I went grain-free, gone too was my quinoa spaghetti. So you may be asking, “Why is there fettuccine on your plate, Karen?” It’s actually Shirataki Fettuccine…completely grain-free. I will admit that, at first, I was scared of these noodles in their water-filled plastic bag. But now I’m wondering where these babies have been the last year of my life. Simply drain, cut, season, and heat…done. I leave mine a little on the long side, because I love that I can twirl pasta with a fork and spoon again. To me, comfort food is just as much about the experience as it is the food itself. And I love to play with my food.
I have also topped some coconut bread with this sauce, and my husband put it over salad yesterday. I may or may not have just eaten this straight out of the bowl with a spoon. It’s that good.
Crumble the raw ground beef in the bottom of the crock pot and season with salt and pepper. Top the meat with the vegetables: onion, bell pepper, carrot, and mushroom.
In a large bowl, combine the remaining ingredients. Season with additional salt and pepper. Pour the tomato mixture over the meat and vegetables in the crock pot. Cover and cook on high for 3-4 hours or on low for 7-8 hours, stirring after at least one hour to further break up the ground beef.
This entry was posted in 365Project, Inspiration, SeeKarenCook and tagged #365project, #entree, #gluten-free, #recipe, #sugar-free on July 11, 2013 by annumography.
I have no explanation, other than that blogging started to feel like a chore. So I took some more time off. Heck, I even wrote some draft posts…but I didn’t post them.
Now, though, it’s time to get on with it. Because as I hinted on Instagram last week, I am about to embark on a HUGE lifestyle change. But more about that later.
When Krysta shared these crock pot cinnamon sugar almonds on a recent blog hop, I knew that I wanted to put my own spin on the recipe with some sugar substitutions. I took the easy way out and substituted granulated xylitol for the sugar and palm sugar for the brown sugar. They practically look like the originals. Because I find these sweeteners to be even sweeter than traditional sugars (though they have fewer calories….bonus), I cut down on the proportions a bit. I also added cardamom, because the hubby loves it.
Maybe it was the sugar substitution, but my almonds were a little sticky at the end of the cook time. No problem. I spread them on a silicone baking sheet and allowed them to cool slightly. Then I sprinkled them with some of my reserved xylitol/palm sugar blend, turned them over, and sprinkled their backsides too. After cooling completely, I had a jar full of goodness.
Combine granulated xylitol, palm sugar, cinnamon, cardamom, and salt in small bowl. Set aside. In a medium bowl, whisk the egg white and vanilla together until they are frothy. Add the almonds to the egg mixture and toss until they are completely coated. Add 1 cup of the xylitol/palm sugar mixture and stir gently to coat, reserving a 1/4 cup of the xylitol/palm sugar mixture for later.
Grease the crock pot with coconut oil or non-stick cooking spray. Add the almond mixture and cover. Cook on low for two hours, stirring every 20 minutes. Add 1/4 cup of water to almond mixture and stir until the almonds look like they are coated with syrup. Cook for another hour, again stirring every 20 minutes.
Spread cooked almonds on a non-stick surface in a single layer; a silicone mat or waxed paper work well. Allow the almonds to cool slightly, approximately 15-20 minutes. Sprinkle with half of the reserved xylitol/palm sugar mixture. Turn the almonds over and sprinkle with the remaining xylitol/sugar, allowing to cool first if they are still warm enough to “melt” the sugar mixture.
Store almonds in an airtight container for up to two weeks…if they last that long.
This entry was posted in 365Project, Inspiration, SeeKarenCook and tagged #365project, #almond, #instagram, #recipe, #sugar-free on June 18, 2013 by annumography. | 2019-04-19T16:42:34Z | https://annumography.wordpress.com/category/inspiration/ | Porn | Home | 0.265813 |
wordpress | I don’t know if someone around here woul care, but I’ve just uploaded on my Bandcamp page the “old” split with HaatE “Where The Mountains Pierce the Nightsky”, which was originally released by my friend Steve at Sixsixsixmusic back in October 2014.
I realised this album never made it on my downloads page, so here it is now. Fully available and completely free of charge.
(You can also hear a proto-version of “Nightside I: Everblack Fields” on it). | 2019-04-24T20:35:44Z | https://chiralitaly.wordpress.com/2016/05/28/where-mountains-pierce-the-nightsky-split-with-haate/ | Porn | News | 0.509542 |
wordpress | Got the oil and filter changed in the tow car (2000 Mercury Sable, 80,000mi). Gave the boat a short bath; looks like rain all the way to Texas anyway!
Tomorrow is find and pack day. Wonder what essential thing I will leave behind? | 2019-04-23T08:06:48Z | https://moffitt1.wordpress.com/2016/05/31/addendum-its-official/ | Porn | Reference | 0.235198 |
wordpress | La Fontaine Sainte Marie and the Place of Secrets.
2) It should be completed before the first drought following the installation of the Parish so the monks would have a source of fresh water.
3) It would be supplied by seven water sources to ensure supply.
4) It should be partially covered for protection from the sun.
5) Be adjacent to or overlooking a village square.
Daglans Fontaine ticks all of the boxes.
The basin is quite wide and has a depth of 60cm. A three part drainage system is used to channel the flow of water and prevent flooding.
The preservation of ancient monuments is one of the reasons that we love France and in particular the Perigord Noir, where you will notice other ‘fontaines’, providing fresh drinking water along old pilgrim routes.
If you turn around with ‘fontaine’ behind of you, on your left is the house which would have been Daglan’s first Chapel.
This Secret Square is to be found tucked away behind the church of St Martin. It was the site of the original graveyard of the village until the eighteen hundreds.
There are a couple of things of interest here, the stone seating area beneath the gorgeous grape vine giving welcome shelter on a hot day. In the centre of the square stands a magnificent tree.
There is a plaque with fascinating information about the tree to be found at the entrance to the place of secrets. Here is a brief translation… Ginkgo Biloba or the tree of forty crowns originates in the Far East. The history of the Ginkgo Biloba goes back to before the dinosaurs. It is the oldest family of trees since it is known to have appeared before the Triassic age, more than 270 million years ago. It is extremely hardy, can survive temperatures to -30c and specimens have lived through the atomic bomb in Hiroshima in 1945. it can reach 30 metres in height and live for 2500 years, wow. The name ‘the tree of forty crowns’, comes from the fact that the French botanist M. Petigny who in 1788 bought five trees for the very expensive amount of forty crowns per foot.
Interesting grave stone saved from the old cemetery and placed into the wall of the church.
To a lovely couple Hayley and Paul who particularly loved ‘La Fontaine’, and Daglan village when they visited. Have a speedy recovery Paul and we hope that we will see you both in Daglan very soon.
Two brilliant friends of ours who are so informative and a such a joy to spend time with, Sherry and Angus.
Last but not least, to a wonderful person who has helped Paul and I with Paul’s recent health scare and much, much more, Judith.
Thank you all the above, and see you soon.
Well our equivalent here in Daglan.
We have heard that some authorities and schools in England have banned the wearing of shorts in hot weather and that school boys have taken to wearing skirts in protest, good for them, you have our support boys.
While the temperature today has dropped down to the high twenties this team are painting the balustrade of Pont Neuf over the River Céou and I’m very glad to say no such restrictions are being enforced in our village.
I was going to take a close up picture of the trumpet flowers but the house is so gorgeous that I just had it take a picture of the whole building.
One of my favourite petite homes in Daglan village.
Several artisans are to be found in the village. Love the hand made hats and birds on sticks.
One of the three lovely restaurants in the village, the Petite Paris.
Daglan art exhibition looks brilliant with paintings, sculptures etc. Unfortunately we were not allowed to take pictures inside the salle des fêtes but we did take pictures of the beautiful display of stained glass work at the Presbytery. | 2019-04-23T12:14:41Z | https://ourfrenchdream.wordpress.com/2017/06/ | Porn | Society | 0.38876 |
wordpress | The ancient town of Ipu was situated at Akmim, on the east bank of the Nile opposite the town of Sohag. In pharaonic times it was also known as Khent-Min, being the cult centre of the god Min. It is thought that Tiye, the mother of Akhenaten, had extensive estates in the area, which flourished as the capital of the 9th Upper Egyptian nome in the Ptolemaic Period, when it was known as Khemis. The Greeks knew the town as Panopolis, and the early Coptic Christians called it Chmin.
Many of the ancient buildings of Akhmim were dismantled to be used in later periods and today little exists in its original form. In 1981 however part of a temple with a monumental gate believed to date to the Graeco-Roman Period was unearthed during building works on the north-eastern edge of the town. Archaeologists found several statue fragments of Rameses II during excavations, as well as a beautiful colossal statue of the king’s daughter and consort, Meritamun, now re-erected in the centre of the area which has become an open-air museum, several metres below the modern ground level. The statue of Meritamun was a spectacular discovery, although when it was found lying face-down before the temple gateway, it was broken. Carved from limestone and now restored, the queen who stands 11m tall, wears a close-fitting pleated robe and is crowned with a modius (head-dress), decorated with serpents and the double-feathers of the ‘God’s Wife of Amun’. The museum also contains a beautiful Roman statue of Venus (Isis) as well as many stelae and architectural elements form the surrounding structures. There are also some large inscribed blocks from el-Amarna which were probably re-used in the later temple building.
The Graeco-Roman temple was dedicated to Min and Triphis (Repyt), the goddess who was his consort at Akhmim. Apparently the large temple, which was described as similar in style to the Temple of Edfu, was still in good repair until the 14th century, when it was dismantled to be used as building material. Beautifully decorated stonework and two colossal statues in the temple of Min were mentioned by Herodotus in his ‘Histories’.
More recent excavations in the town have uncovered yet another temple, close to the Graeco-Roman site, beneath a modern cemetery. This is a temple built by Rameses II , possibly his largest temple yet found. A ruined colossal statue of Rameses II (probably one of a pair) lies partly buried at what is thought to be the entrance of a temple once known as ‘The Birba’ which is referred to in Coptic and Arabic literature. The Egyptian government has agreed to allocate EGP 5 million in order to begin proper excavation of the site, relocating the old Muslim cemetery which partly covers the area and the construction of a new one.
The necropolis at Akhmim has never been systematically excavated, although recent discoveries include five tombs dating to the Old Kingdom where a number of sarcophagi and plaques have been found.
The modern town of Akhmim is also famous for its fine weaving and tapestries – one of Egypt’s oldest industries. There are several shops close to the open-air museum which demonstrate the craft and sell the beautiful Akhmim textiles.
To the north-east of Akhmim there are decorated rock-cut tombs at el-Hawawish, also known as Beit el-Medina, spanning the periods from late Dynasty VI to early Dynasty XII. They were first investigated by Percy Newberry in 1912 and belong to officials of the town and Middle Kingdom nomarchs of the Panopolite nome. During the 1990s more recent excavations have been undertaken by the Australian Centre for Egyptology Studies, directed by Naguib Kanawati.
At el-Salamuni, to the north-west of Akhmim, there are Graeco-Roman rock-cut tombs in the high cliffs, some of which are decorated with zodiac ceilings. There is also a small New Kingdom rock-cut chapel dedicated to Min, and decorated by Nakhmin, who held the title of ‘First Priest of Min’ during the reign of Ay (Dynasty XVIII). Reliefs depict Tuthmose III (Dynasty XVIII) as well as Ay and his wife Teye before local gods. The shrine was later restored with added decoration by Harma’kheru, another ‘First Priest of Min’ during the reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphus.
There are also ancient cemeteries to the north of Akhmim at Nag el-Kilabat and el-Sawama.
Akhmim is on the opposite side of the river from Sohag, across the bridge. Visitors are currently escorted by the tourist police. | 2019-04-25T19:47:51Z | https://egyptsites.wordpress.com/2009/02/12/akhmim/ | Porn | Reference | 0.276441 |
google | 1986-05-15 Assigned to R. J. REYNOLDS TOBACCO COMPANY, A CORP. OF NEW JERSEY reassignment R. J. REYNOLDS TOBACCO COMPANY, A CORP. OF NEW JERSEY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: INGEBRETHSEN, BRADLEY J., White, Jackie L.
The present invention preferably relates to a smoking article which is capable of producing substantial quantities of aerosol, both initially and over the useful life of the product, without significant thermal degradation of the aerosol former and without the presence of substantial pyrolysis or incomplete combustion products or sidestream aerosol. The article employes a dual burn rate fuel element, which utilizes a fast burning segment and a slow burning segment.
The use of such a dual burn rate fuel element has several advantages over conventional homogeneous fuels. For example, the fast burning component assists in the ease of lighting the fuel element, and provides rapid heat transfer to the aerosol generating means. This in turn, provides early aerosol delivery.
The slow burning component provides for even heat distribution throughout the burn period. The slow burning material ensures steady aerosol delivery in terms of amount and provides adequate fuel for simulating the number of puffs obtained from a conventional cigarette, i.e., about nine or ten, when smoked under standard FTC conditions.
The present invention relates to a cigarette-like smoking article, with a tabaccoless fuel element, which article produces an aerosol that resembles conventional tabacco smoke and which preferably contains no more than a minimal amount of incomplete combustion or pyrolysis products.
The present invention utilizes a two component tobacco substitute fuel and a physically separate aerosol generating means situated axially within said fuel. Combustion gases from the fuel are preferbly excluded from the mainstream aerosol.
Many tobacco substitute smoking materials have been proposed through the years, especially over the last 20 to 30 years. These proposed tobacco substitutes have been prepared from a wide variety of treated and untreated materials, especially cellulose based materials. Numerous patents teach proposed tobacco substitutes made by modifying cellulosic materials, such as by oxidation, by heat treatment, or by the addition of materials to change the properties of the cellulose. One of the most complete lists of these substitutes is found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,079,742 to Rainer et al.
Many patents describe the preparation of tobacco substitute smoking materials from various types of carbonized (i.e., pyrolyzed) cellulosic material. These include U.S. Pat. No. 2,907,686 to Siegel, U.S. Pat. No. 3,738,374 to Bennett, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,943,941 and 4,044,777 to Boyd et al., U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,019,521 and 4,133,317 to Briskin, U.S. Pat. No. 4,219,031 to Rainer, U.S. Pat. No. 4,286,604 to Ehretsmann et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,326,544 to Hardwick et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,481,958 to Rainer et al., Great Britian Pat. No. 956,544 to Norton, Great Britain Pat. No. 1,431,045 to Boyd et al., and European Patent Application No. 117,355 by Hearn, et al. In addition, U.S. Pat. No. 3,738,374 to Bennett teaches that tobacco substitutes may be made from carbon or graphite fibers, mat or cloth, most of which are made by the controlled pyrolysis of cellulosic materials, such as rayon yarn or cloth.
Cigarette-type smoking articles which preclude the introduction of combustion gases into the mainstream aerosol are known. Generally this is accomplished by providing a chamber or passageway for the mainstream aerosol source and a physically separate fuel, the mainstream aerosol being prevented from mixing with the combustion products produced by the burning fuel.
For example, Ellis et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 3,258,015, describe several embodiments of proposed cigarette-like smoking articles having an axially extending aerosol/nicotine releasing tabular member, typically surrounded by the tobacco fuel. The physical arrangement of this system precluded entry of any of the combustion products into the tubular member which carried the mainstream aerosol. Similar propsed devices are described in Synectic British Pat. No. 1,185,887.
Likewise, in certain embodiments of Moses, U.S. Pat. No. 3,516,417, cigarette-like smoking articles are described wherein tobacco is burned to generate heat, and this heat is used to warm air which is delivered to the user. There is no contamination of the heated air by the combustion products of the burning tobacco.
Similarly, in Steiner, U.S. Pat. No. 4,474,191, proposed smoking articles are described in which, except for a brief temporary period at the moment of lighting, combustion gases are not delivered to the user. The mainstream aerosol comprises volatile and/or sublimable materials disposed within a channel separated from the heat source.
Cigarettes and cigarette-like smoking articles have also been provided with draft passages or similar tubular members extending longitudinally through the fuel, but generally such articles do not exclude combustion products from the mainstream aerosol.
For example, Helm, in U.S. Pat. No. 2,349,551, describes a cigarette modified to have disposed centrally within the tobacco charge, an impervious draft tube, through which combustion gases will pass, following the path of least resistance. Bell et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 3,349,776 describe a low temperature cigarette having an axially extending draft column. Ellis et al., in U.S. Pat. No. 3,356,094, describe an improvement over their eariler patent (supra) wherein the tubular member became frangible upon exposure to heat. Levavi, in Canadian Pat. No. 687,136, described proposed cigarettes with tubes, some of which were metal and some of which burned slowly, for controlling the amount of tar and nicotine delivered to the user.
Similarly, Vega, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,674,036, describes a cigarette-like smoking article having a centrally located perforated tubular core member which permits fresh air passage through the tobacco, thereby slowing down the combustion. Thorton, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,614,956, describes a smoking article comprising a tobacco fuel having an axially disposed absorbent core which serves to absorb noxious materials from the combustion gases. The core may be separated from the tobacco fuel by means of a ceramic sleeve.
Likewise, Selke et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 3,756,249, describe a smoking article such as a cigarette which contains an axially extending tube which serves as an air passageway during smoking. Hunt, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,863,644, describes a smoking article having two or more tube-like chambers of different length, which chambers provide a programmed air ventilation effect during the smoking of the article. Yatrides, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,905,377, describes smoking articles provided with a blind conduit allowing the passage of air to the tobacco, thereby increasing the condensation of toxic vapors in the combustion gases.
Kaswan, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,027,679, describes a cigarette having disposed therein a ceramic or metallic smoke vector, open at the lighting end and sealed at the mouth end. This vector is said to reduce the draw heat of the article, thereby reducing the amount of pyrolysis products in the aerosol.
Bolt et al., in U.S. Pat. No. 4,340,072, describe a proposed smoking article having a fuel rod with a central air passageway and a mouthend chamber containing an aerosol forming agent. The fuel rod preferably is a molding or extrusion of reconstituted tobacco and/or tobacco substitute, although the patent also proposes the use of tobacco, a mixture of tobacco substitute material and carbon, or a sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC) and carbon mixture. The aerosol forming agent is proposed to be a nicotine source material, or granules or microcapsules of a flavorant in triacetin or benzyl benzoate. Upon burning, air enters the air passage where it was mixed with combustion gases from the burning rod. The flow of these hot gases reportedly ruptures the granules or microcapsules to release the volatile material. This material reportedly forms an aerosol and/or is transferred into the mainstream aerosol. Similar articles are described in FIG. 4 of the Moses patent, supra using a tobacco fuel and in the Hearn European Patent, supra, using a carbonized fuel.
Burnett et al., in U.S. Pat. No. 4,391,285, describe proposed smoking articles comprising a high density combustible tobacco containing fuel having at least one passageway extending longitudinally therethrough. This passageway may contain an easily ignitable air permeable plug which may optionally contain thermally releaseable flavorants.
Clearly, despite decades of interest and effort, none of the aforesaid smoking articles have been found to be satisfactory as a cigarette substitute. Indeed, despite extensive interest and effort, there is still no smoking article on the market which provides the benefits and advantages associated with conventional cigarette smoking, without delivering considerable quantities of incomplete combustion and/or pyrolysis products.
The present invention relates to a cigarette-like smoking article which is capable of producing substantial quantities of smoke-like aerosol, both initially and over the useful life of the product, preferably without significant thermal degradation of the aerosol former and without the presence of substantial pyrolysis or incomplete combustion products or sidestream smoke.
These and other advantages are obtained by providing an elongated, cigarette-type smoking article which utilizes a long, e.g., greater than about 40 mm, dual burn rate carbonaceous fuel element which preferably circumscribes a physically separate axially extending aerosol generating means.
In the preferred smoking article of the present invention, the fuel element is a carbonaceous mass, generally in the form of an annular member, preferably at least about 40 mm in length, having an inner diameter of from about 1.5 mm to 3.5 mm, and an outer diameter of from about 3.5 mm to 7.1 mm. The central cavity of the fuel element surrounds and retains a metallic container or chamber for the aerosol generating means.
The dual burn rate fuel element of the present invention comprises two carbonaceous segments; a slow burning portion and a fast burning portion. Typically, the fast burning portion of this fuel element comprises a mixture of a binder and a carbon which is low in density, porous, and is thus relatively fast burning. The slow burning portion of this fuel element generally comprises a mixture of a binder and a carbon which is higher in density, and more nonporous (than the fast burning portion), and is thus relatively slow burning.
The aerosol generating means generally comprises a heat stable substrate and at least one aerosol forming material. Because of its physical location, the aerosol generating means is in a conductive heat exchange relationship with the fuel element at all times during the burning of the fuel.
Conductive transfer of heat from the burning fuel element to the aerosol generating means causes volatilization of the aerosol forming material contained therein, which in turn is delivered to the user in the form of a "smoke-like" aerosol through the mouth end of the article.
The use of a dual burn rate fuel element has several advantages over conventional homogeneous fuel elements. For example, the fast burning component assists in the ease of lighting the fuel element, and provides rapid heat transfer to the aerosol generating means. This in turn helps provide early aerosol delivery. The slower burning component provides for even heat distribution throughout the burn period. The slow burning material ensures steady aerosol delivery in terms of amount and provides adequate fuel for simulating the number of puffs obtained from a conventional cigarette, i.e., about nine or ten, as determined by smoking under standard FTC conditions.
In one preferred embodiment, the combination of the fast burning segment of the fuel element and the slow burning segment of the fuel element, totally circumscribes the periphery of the aerosol generating means. The fast burning segment may contact from about 10% to 90%, preferably from about 25% to 75%, most preferably from about 40% to 60% of the periphery of the container for the aerosol generating means, with the slow burning segment contacting the remaining portion.
In another embodiment, the fuel element comprises adjacent fast burning and slow burning annular segments arranged along the periphery of the aerosol generating means. Preferably, the fast burning annular segment comprises a short section, of about 2 to 10 mm in length, which is situated at the lighting end of the article, and the slow burning annular segment, about 38 to 65 mm in length, is abutted thereto. Most preferably, embodiments of this type utilize a fast burning segment at the lighting end about 2 mm in length, and a slow burning segment about 58 mm in length.
In another embodiment of the dual burn rate fuel element of the present invention, the fuel segments are arranged concentrically about the aerosol generating means. Preferably, the more dense, slow burning segment is in direct contact with the periphery of the aerosol generating means, and the fast burning segment is disposed around the periphery of the slow burning segment.
In each of the embodiments described herein, it is preferred that the entire aerosol generating means be enclosed or embedded within the fuel element, but if desired, a partially enclosed or embedded aerosol generating means may be employed.
In preferred embodiments, the dual burn rate fuel element is prepared from cotton and kapok fibers, which are separately carbonized at a temperature between about 400° C. and 850° C. The pyrolyzed masses are then each mixed with an appropriate binder, and molded into their respective segments of the fuel element. In general, the fibers are carbonized in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, e.g., in an inert gas or in a vacuum. A preferred carbonizing temperature for these and like fibers, in about 650° C.
A most preferred dual burn rate fuel element is prepared by separately admixing the carbonized fibers for each of the segments (10 parts by weight) with sodium carboxymethylcellulose (1 part by weight) to form two pastes. Most preferably, the fibers used for the fast burning segment comprise a mixture of cotton and kapok. The most preferred fibers used for the slow burning segment are cotton fibers. These pastes, each representing one half of the final annular form of the fuel element, are molded together into a rod of approximately 4.5 mm in outer diameter and about 55 mm in length, having an axially extending heat conducting tube (e.g., metal) situated therein.
A metallic, preferably stainless steel, tube serves as the preferred container or capsule for the aerosol generating means of this invention. Generally the tube extends from one end of the fuel element to the other, with openings at both ends. This end to end placement of the tube avoids the introduction of significant amounts of combustion gases into the mainstream aerosol which is delivered to the user. If desired however, the tube may be recessed from the lighting end of the fuel, e.g., from about 2 to 5 mm, thereby allowing the introduction of a small amount of fuel combustion gases into the mainstream aerosol.
Preferably, the metal tube has a very thin wall thickness, e.g., less than about 0.05 mm. An especially preferred material for use in such tubes is a stainless steel foil having a thickness of about 0.01 mm (0.0005 in.). Tubes having such wall thickness are particularly desirable in the articles of the present inventions, as they permit the use of the preferred thin fuel elements. Thicker metallic tubes tend to extinguish the preferred fuel elements, decreasing the performance characteristics to unacceptable levels.
In preferred embodiments, the entire periphery of the fuel element is wrapped with an insulating member, such as a resilient glass fiber jacket which brings the outer diameter of the article up to that of a conventional cigarette, i.e, to from about 7.5 to 8.0 mm. This insulating member is generally at least about 0.5 mm, preferably about 1.0 mm thick. The presence of such an insulating member aids in retaining and directing heat from the burning fuel element to the aerosol generating means. The insulating member also serves to reduce any fire causing propensity of the article, and retains any ash remaining after the fuel element has been consumed.
Smoking articles of the present invention have also been prepared wherein the insulating member (e.g., glass fiber) was molded onto the outermost periphery of the carbon fuel rather than merely being wrapped around the carbon fuel. In preferred embodiments of this type, the insulating member was prepared from short lengths of glass fiber (about 1.6 mm) which were mixed with a binder, e.g., sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and sufficient water to form a thick paste. This paste was then molded around the carbon fuel segment.
In embodiments utilizing an insulating member according to the present invention, it is desirable to place a sealing or barrier means, e.g., a heat resistant, impervious member, at the mouth end of the cabon fuel element/insulating member, to prevent leakage of combustion gases through the carbon or insulating member. Suitable sealing means include inorganic materials in admixture with aqueous inorganic salt solutions, e.g., sodium silicate, sodium chloride and the like, or binders to make a paste, solid blocks of machineable ceramics, and the like. Of course, an air passageway located so as to abut the mouth end of the aerosol generating means must be present to allow delivery of the aerosol to the user. This sealing means also acts to separate the carbon and insulating material from the mouthend piece of the article.
The mouthend piece of the articles of this invention may consist of a hollow tube, a section of tobacco rod, cigarette filter material, or any combination of these elements.
Preferred embodiments of this invention are capable of delivering at least 0.6 mg of aerosol, measured as wet total particulate matter (WTPM), in the first 3 puffs, when smoked under FTC smoking conditions, which consist of a 35 ml puff volume of two seconds duration, separated by 58 seconds of smolder. More preferably, embodiments of the invention are capable of delivering 1.5 mg or more of aerosol in the first 3 puffs. Most preferably, embodiments of the invention are capable of delivering 3.0 mg or more of aerosol in the first 3 puffs when smoked under FTC smoking conditions. Moreover, preferred embodiments of the invention deliver an average of at least about 0.8 mg of WTPM per puff for at least about 6 puffs, preferably at least about 10 puffs, under FTC smoking conditions. More preferably, preferred embodiments deliver 20 to 30 mg, or more, of WTPM over at least 10 puffs, under FTC smoking conditions.
In addition to the aforementioned benefits, preferred smoking articles of the present invention are capable of providing an aerosol which is chemically simple, consisting essentially of air, oxides of carbon, water, aerosol former including any desired flavors or other desired volatile materials, and trace amounts of other materials. This aerosol has little or no significant mutagenic activity as measured by the Ames Test. The preferred smoking articles of the present invention also deliver very low levels of carbon monoxide, preferably less than about 10 mg total CO delivery over the life of the smoking article, more preferably, less than about 5 mg total CO delivery (e.g., about 4.2 mg), most preferably less than about 3 mg total CO delivery (e.g., about 2 mg).
As used herein, and only for the purpose of this application, "aerosol" is defined to include vapors, gases, particles, and the like, both visible and invisible, and especialy those components perceived by the user to be "smoke-like", generated by action of the heat from the burning fuel element upon substances contained within the container for the aerosol generating means, or elsewhere in the article. As so defined, the term "aerosol" also includes volatile flavoring agents and/or pharmacologically or physiologically active agents, irrespective of whether they produce a visible aerosol.
As used herein, the term "fast burning fuel segment" may be defined as a carbon/binder mixture, having a burn rate such that a solid cylindrical segment, 50 mm×4.5 mm, burns in a static burn test in less than about 3.5 minutes, preferably less than about 3 minutes. The carbon used to prepare such a fuel segment should normally have a density of less than about 0.25 g/cc as determined by mercury intrusion.
As used herein, the term "slow burning fuel segment" may be defined as a carbon/binder mixture, having a burn rate such that a solid cylindrical segment, 50 mm×4.5 mm, burns in a static burn test in greater than about 4 minutes, preferably greater than about 5 minutes. The carbon used to prepare such a fuel segment should have a density greater than about 0.29 g/cc as determined by mercury intrusion.
As used herein, the term "insulating member" applies to all materials which act primarily as insulators. Preferably, these materials do not burn during use, but they may fuse during use, such as low temperature grades of glass fibers. Suitable insulators have a thermal conductivity in a g-cal/(sec) (cm2) (°C./cm), of less than about 0.05. preferably less than about 0.02, most preferably less than about 0.005. See, Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 34, 4th ed., 1969 and Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10, 272-274 11th ed., 1973.
The preferred smoking articles of the present invention are described in greater detail in the accompanying drawings and in the detailed description of the invention which follow.
FIGS. 1-4 are longitudinal views of the preferred embodiments of cigarette-like smoking articles of the present invention.
FIGS. 1A-4A are front end views of the smoking articles of FIGS. 1-4.
Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown one preferred embodiment of the present cigarette-like smoking article which includes complementary longitudinal fuel segments 10A and 10B and which has about the same overall dimensions as a conventional cigarette.
As illustrated, one longitudinal half of the fuel element 10A is made from molded or extruded carbon prepared from pyrolyzed cotton fiber. The other longitudinal half of the fuel element 10B is a molded or extruded carbon prepared from an admixture of pyrolyzed cotton fiber and pyrolyzed kapok fiber, preferably about 50% by weight each. The overall length of the fuel element is about 55 mm. The outer diameter is about 4.5 mm.
Located centrally within the fuel element is the container 14 for the aerosol generating means which comprises a stainless steel tube having an outer diameter of about 3.0 mm, a wall thickness of about 0.013 mm, and a length of about 55 mm. The tube is open at both ends. This tube includes a substrate material 12 which bears one or more aerosol forming substances.
The fuel segment 10 A/B is overwrapped with an insulating member 16 such as a jacket of fiberglass, to an outer diameter of about 7.5 mm.
At the end of the fuel element, there is located a heat resistant sealing means or barrier member 18. In the illustrated embodiment, this sealing means is a machinable ceramic block, about 2 mm thick and about 7.5 mm in diameter. This member has a hole therein which is aligned with the mouth end of the tube for the aerosol generating means.
Attached to the mouth end of the sealing means 18 is element 20, a hollow tube mouthend piece. As illustrated, the entire article, or portions thereof, may be overwrapped by conventional cigarette paper 22.
Referring to FIG. 2, there is shown another embodiment of the present cigarette-like smoking article which is similar to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1.
As illustrated, the majority of the annular member which comprises the fuel segment 24A is made from molded or extruded carbon prepared from pyrolyzed cotton fiber. Situated at the lighting end of the article, is a short (e.g., 2 to 3 mm) annular section of the fuel element 24B which comprises a molded carbon prepared from an admixture of pyrolyzed cotton fiber and pyrolyzed kapok fiber, preferably about 50% by weight of each. The overall length of the fuel element is about 55 mm. The outer diameter is about 4.5 mm.
Located centrally within the fuel element is the container 26 for the aerosol generating means which comprises a stainless steel tube having an outer diameter of about 3.0 mm, a wall thickness of about 0.013 mm, and a length of about 55 mm. This container or capsule includes a substrate material 28 which has one or more aerosol forming substances therein.
The fuel element 24 A/B is overwrapped with an insulating member 30 such as a fiberglass paper to an outer diameter of about 7.5 mm.
At the end of the fuel element, there is located a heat resistant sealing means 32. In the illustrated embodiment, this sealing means is an inorganic paste, about 0.5 mm thick, which seals the mouth end of the fuel/aerosol generator/insulator segment. This means has a hole therein which is aligned with the mouth end of the capsule for the aerosol generating means.
Attached to the mouth end of the sealing means 32 is element 34, a hollow tube mouthend piece. As illustrated, the entire article, or portions thereof, may be overwrapped by conventional cigarette paper 36.
Referring to FIG. 3, there is shown another embodiment of the present cigarette-like smoking article which has about the same overall dimensions as a conventional cigarette.
As illustrated, the aerosol generating means comprises a stainless steel tube 38 having an outer diameter of about 3.0 mm, a wall thickness of about 0.013 mm, and a length of about 55 mm. The aerosol generating means is surrounded by a slow burning annular fuel segment 40A. Fuel segment 40A is surrounded by an annular segment of fast burning fuel 40B. The outer diameter of the concentrically arranged fuel segments is about 6.0 mm, each of the fuel segments contributing about half of the thickness of the fuel.
The container or capsule 38 includes a substrate material 42 which bears one or more aerosol forming substances.
The fuel segment 40 A/B is overwrapped with an insulating member 44 such as a fiberglass layer, preferably to an overall outer diameter of about 7.5 mm.
At the mouth end of the fuel element, there is located a heat resistant sealing means 46, a paste made from bentonite clay and sodium silicate. This sealing means has a hole therein which is aligned with the mouth end of the capsule for the aerosol generating means.
Attached to the mouth end of the sealing means 46 is element 48, a low efficiency cellulose acetate filter piece. As illustrated, the entire article, or portions thereof, may be overwrapped by conventional cigarette paper 50.
Referring to FIG. 4, there is shown another embodiment of the present cigarette-like smoking article which is similar to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, except that the capsule for the aerosol generating means is not totally encased or embedded within the fuel element.
As illustrated, one longitudinal half of the fuel elemnt 52A is a slow burning molded carbon prepared from pyrolyzed cotton fiber. The other longitudinal half of the fuel element 52B is a fast burning molded carbon prepared from an admixture of pyrolyzed cotton fiber and pyrolyzed kapok fiber, preferably about 50% by weight of each. The overall length of the fuel element is about 40 mm. The outer diameter is about 4.5 mm.
Located centrally within the 40 mm long fuel element is the container 54 for the aerosol generating means which comprises a stainless steel tube having an outer diameter of about 3.0 mm, a wall thickness of about 0.013 mm, and a length of about 60 mm. This container or capsule includes a substrate material 56 which has one or more aerosol forming substances therein. The remaining 20 mm of the capsule is surrounded by a molded fiberglass 58, up to an outer diameter of about 7.5 mm, which member aids in sealing the article.
The fuel segment 52 A/B is overwrapped with an insulating member 60 such as a fiberglass paper to an outer diameter of about 7.5 mm.
At the end of the molded fiberglass member 58, there is located a low efficiency filter element 62, comprising cellulose acetate tow.
As illustrated, the entire article, or portions thereof, may be overwrapped by conventional cigarette paper 64.
Upon lighting any of the aforesaid embodiments, the fast burning segment burns first, which assists the ignition and the burning of the slow burning segment, both of which generate the heat used to volatilize the aerosol forming substance or substances in the aerosol generating means.
The use of a dual burn rate fuel element ensures steady aerosol delivery throughout the useful life of the article. The initial aerosol delivery is primarily due to the rapid burning and heat generation by the fast burning component of the fuel element. The later stage delivery of aerosol is primarily provided by the slower burning fuel component of the fuel element.
Heat transfer from the burning fuel components to the aerosol generating means is aided by the use of an insulating member as a peripheral overwrap over the fuel element. Such an insulating member helps ensure good aerosol production by retaining and directing much of the heat generated by the burning fuel element toward the aerosol generating means.
The aerosol generating means used in practicing this invention is physically separate from the fuel element. This arrangement helps reduce or eliminate thermal degradation of the aerosol forming substance and the presence of significant amounts of sidestream smoke. While not a part of the fuel element, the aerosol generating means preferably is totally surrounded by the fuel element. In addition, by virtue of their physical arrangement, the fuel and the aerosol generating means are in a conductive heat exchange relationship.
While not wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that after the fuel element is ignited, the combustion zone (or zones) continually advances from the lighting end toward the mouth end. As the heat from the combustion zone advances along the periphery of the aerosol generating means, volatile substances on the substrate (aerosol former, flavors, and the like) are continuously moved downstream where they recondense when encountering cool substrate material. A section of the substrate material between the combustion zone and the cool section is always being preheated by conductive heat from the burning fuel element. During a puff, sufficient additional heat is suplied by air being drawn through the hot substrate nearest the combustion zone, and this hot air causes vaporization of the aerosol forming substances located in the cooler sections of the aerosol generating means.
It is further believed that the aerosol generating means is maintained at a relatively constant temperature during both smolder and puffing, and that aerosol delivered during puffs is not subjected to any increase in overall temperature.
Fiberous materials which after carbonization will have slow or fast burning properties may readily be determined by the skilled artisan. As described herein, a static burn test is one method which may be employed to classify pyrolyzed material as either "fast" or "slow" burning. In addition to the "burn test", it has been found that based upon the density of the pyrolyzed material, one can classify material as being either a "fast" or "slow" burning carbon.
In general it has been found that naturally occurring low density fibrous materials having a substantially open network within the fibers will generally qualify as a "fast" burning material after being pyrolyzed. While not wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the open network within the fibers supplies oxygen needed to support combustion.
More dense, and thus, more closed network fibrous materials will generally be classified herein as "slow" burning material when pyrolyzed.
It must be noted that fast burning carbonized fibers can be mixed with slow burning fibers to create an overall fast burning fuel or vice versa, slow burning carbonized fibers can be mixed with fast burning fibers, to make an overall slow burning fuel.
Preferred pyrolysis conditions employed herein for the production of both "fast" and "slow" burning segments of fuel elements comprise the use of a non-oxidizing e.g., inert atmosphere during the carbonization, and during the cooling of the pyrolyzed material. Preferred non-oxidizing atmospheres include inert gases, e.g., nitrogen, argon, and the like. Vacuum conditions may likewise by employed. The pyrolysis temperature may range of from about 400° C. to 850° C., and is preferably about 650° C.
A slow pyrolysis, employing gradually increasing temperatures over several hours, has been found to produce a uniform material and a high carbon yield.
Fiberous materials which may be pyrolyzed to afford one or both of the segments of the present fuel elements include: Agaye american, - (American aloe); Apocyanum cannabinum, - (Indian hemp); Apocyanum androsaemitolium, - (Black indian hemp); Ascepias incarnata, - (Swamp milkweed, white indian hemp); Ascepias syriaca, - (Milkweed, silkweed); Cannabis sativa, - (Hemp); Linum usitatissimum, - (Flax); Ophioglossaceae sp., - (Adders toung fern); Tilia americana, - (American basswood); Musa textilis, - (Leaf (hard) fibers abaca); Agave cantal, - (cantala); Neoglaziovia variegata, - (caroa); Agage fourcroydes, - (henequen); Agave sp., - (istle (generic)); Furcraea gigantea, - (mauritius); Phormium tenax - (phormium); Sansevieria (entire genus - bowstring hemp); Agave sisalana - (sisal); Abutilon theophrasti - (china jute); Hibiscus cannabinus - (kenaf); Boehmeira nivea - (ramie); Hibiscus sabdarifa - (roselle) Crotalaria juncea - (sunn); Urena labata - (cadillo); Gossypium sp. - (cotton); Ceiba pentranda - (kapok); Muhlenbergia macroura - broom root (roots); Cocos nucifera - (coir - coconut husk fiber); Chamaerops humilis - (crin vegetal - palm leaf segments); Attalea funifera - piassava - palm leaf base fiber).
Binders which may be used to prepare the segments of the fuel element include the polysaccharide gums, such as the plant exudates; Arabic, Tragacanth, Karaya, Ghatti; plant extracts, pectin, arabinoglactan; plant seed flours, locust bean, guar, psyllium seed, quincy seed; the seaweed extracts, agar, alginates, carrageenan, furcellaran; cereal starches, corn, wheat, rice, waxy maize, sorghum, waxy sorghum, tuber starches, potato, arrowroot, tapioca; the microbial fermentation gums, Xanthan and dextran; the modified gums include cellulose derivatives, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, methylethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, modified alginates, e.g. propylene glycol alginate. Also suitable are the modified starches; carboxymethyl starch, hydroxyethyl starch and hydroxypropyl starch.
In a preferred embodiment, cotton and kapok fibers are carbonized and molded into the form of a fuel element with one or more appropriate binders which are used to maintain an integral structure. These fibers are carbonized in a non-oxidizing e.g., nitrogen, atmosphere. The preferred carbonizing temperature for these two fibers is about 650° C. The preferred time for pyrolyzing these fibers is about two hours.
The preferred fuel is prepared by separately admixing each of the carbonized fibers (or mixtures thereof) 10 parts by weight with sodium carboxymethylcellulose 1 parts by weight to form two pastes. These pastes are molded into a rod approximately 4.5 mm in outer diameter.
The preferred mold consisted of two identical metal blocks into which a groove was cut such that when the two blocks were placed together a central cylindrical passage is formed. Each of the grooves is lined with a thin paper, such as cigarette paper. This prevents sticking of the carbon paste to the metal mold. The carbon pastes are each spread into one of the grooved mold blocks.
Measurements were made to determine the bulk density of molded solid cylindrical carbon fuel rods. Mercury intrusion was the test method. See Table I.
The burn rate for these molded solid cylindrical carbon fuel rods was measured by observing the time required to burn 50 mm of a 4.5 mm O.D. molded carbon segment. This was a static burn test, i.e., air was not forced over or through the burning fuel. See Table II.
Located centrally within the fuel element of the present article is a container or capsule for the aerosol generating means. This capsule is prepared from a heat conducting material, preferably a metal, which can survive at the temperatures generated by the burning of the fuel element.
The heat conducting material which may be employed to construct the container for the aerosol generating means is typically a metallic tube, strip, or foil, such as aluminum, copper, or steel, with a wall thickness of about 0.0127 mm (0.0005 in.) or less. The length, thickness and/or the type of conducting material may be varied e.g., other metals may be used.
The preferred metal tube is formed from thin annealed stainless steel foil by wrapping the same around a mandrel and then welding the seam. An especially preferred stainless steel foil is from about 0.0127 mm (0.0005 in.) thick and is obtained from Hamilton Precision Metals, a division of HMW Industries, Inc., Lancaster, Pa., or from Teledyne Rodney Metals, New Bedford, Mass.
The capsule for the aerosol generating means contains one or more aerosol forming substances, generally retained on a carrier or similar substrate material. Thermally stable materials which may be used as the carrier or substrate for the aerosol forming substance are well known to those skilled in the art. Useful carriers should be porous, and must be capable of retaining an aerosol forming compound and releasing a potential aerosol forming vapor upon heating by the fuel.
Useful thermally stable materials include adsorbent carbons, such as porous grade carbons, graphite, activated, or non-activated carbons, and the like, such as PC-25 and PG-60 available from Union Carbide Corp., Danbury, Conn., as well as SGL carbon, available from Calgon. Other suitable materials include inorganic solids, such as ceramics, glass, alumina, vermiculite, clays such as bentonite, and the like. Carbon and alumina substrates are preferred.
An especially preferred alumina substrate is available from the Davison Chemical Division of W. R. Grace & Co. under the designation SMR-14-1896. Before use, this alumina is sintered at elevated temperatures, e.g., greater than 1000° C., washed, and dried.
The aerosol forming substance or substances used in the articles of the present invention must be capable of forming an aerosol at the temperatures present in the aerosol generating means upon heating by the burning fuel element.
Substances having these characteristics include: polyhydric alcohols, such as glycerin, triethylene glycol, and propylene, glycol, as well as aliphatic esters of mono-, di-, or poly-carboxylic acids, such as methyl stearate, dodecandioate, dimethyl tetradodecandioate, and the like.
The preferred aerosol forming substances are polyhydric alcohols, or mixtures of polyhydric alcohols. More preferred aerosol formers are selected from glycerin, triethylene glycol and propylene glycol.
When a substrate material is employed as a carrier, the aerosol forming substance may be dispersed on or within the substrate in a concentration sufficient to permeate or coat the material, by any known technique.
The aerosol generating means also may include one or more volatile flavoring agents, such as menthol, vanillin, artificial coffee, tobacco extracts, nicotine, caffeine, liquors, and other agents which impart flavor to the aerosol. It also may include any other desirable volatile solid or liquid materials. Alternatively, these optional agents may be placed between the aerosol generating means and the mouth end, such as in a separate substrate or chamber.
One particularly preferred aerosol generating means comprises the aforesaid alumina substrate containing spray dried tobacco extract, tobacco flavor modifiers, such as levulinic acid, one or more flavoring materials, and an aerosol forming material, such as glycerin.
The fuel element of the present article is preferably encased or surrounded by an insulating member which may be in the form of a resilient jacket or a hard, molded insulating jacket. In either event, this jacket is at least about 0.5 mm thick, preferably at least about 1 mm thick, more preferably between about 1.5 to 2 mm thick. This element aids in the transfer of heat from the burning fuel element to the aerosol generating means, by directing the heat inward. The insulating jacket also ensures that no ash from the burning fuel element escapes from the article.
Insulating members which may be used in accordance with the present invention generally comprise inorganic or organic fibers such as those made out of glass, alumina, silica, vitreous materials, mineral wool, carbons, silicons, boron, organic polymers, and the like, including mixtures of these materials. Nonfibrous insulating materials, such as silica aerogel, pearlite, glass, and the like may also be used.
Preferred insulating members are resilient, which helps the article simulate the feel of a conventional cigarette. The currently preferred insulating fibers are ceramic fibers, such as glass fibers. Two especially suitable glass fibers are available from the Manning Paper Company of Troy, N.Y., under the designations, Manninglas 1000 and Manniglas 1200. When possible, glass fiber materials having a low softening point, e.g., below about 650° C., are preferred. The most preferred glass fibers include experimental materials produced by Owens - Corning of Toledo, Ohio under the designations 6432 and 6437.
Several commercially available inorganic insulating fibers are prepared with a binder e.g., PVA, which acts to maintain structural integrity during handling. These binders, which would exhibit a harsh aroma upon heating, are preferably removed, e.g., by heating in air at about 650° C. for up to about 15 min. before use herein. If desired, pectin, at up to about 3 wt. percent may be added to the fibers to provide mechanical strength to the jacket without contributing harsh aromas.
Located at the mouthend of the fuel element portion of the present smoking article is a heat stable sealing or barrier means. This sealing means serves several purposes; first, it prevents the fuel element from igniting the mouthend portion of the article; second, it serves as a seal between the combustion end of the article and the delivery end. This ensures that little if any combustion gases will mix with the aerosol being delivered to the user. The sealing means may be selected from any heat resistant material available to the skilled artisan. These materials may be used alone, or in admixture with other sealing agents such as sodium silicate. For example, inorganics, such as silica, clays (e.g., bentonite), puttys, adhesives, and fillers available from Cotronics Inc., Brooklyn, NY and Flexbar Machine Corp. Central Islip, NY have been used herein.
One currently preferred sealing means is a paste-like mixture of bentonite clay and sodium silicate, which can be painted on the mouth end of the fuel element/aerosol generating means combination, which, after it has dried, acts as an efficient seal against contamination of the mainstream aerosol by fuel combustion gases.
In most embodiments of the invention, the fuel and aerosol generating means will be attached to a mouthend piece, although a mouthend piece may be provided separately, e.g., in the form of a cigarette holder. this element of the article provides the enclosure which channels the vaporized aerosol forming substance into the mouth of the user. The mouthend piece also keeps the hot fire cone away from the mouth and fingers of the user, and provides sufficient time for the hot aerosol to cool before reaching the user. Suitable mouthend pieces will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art.
The mouthend pieces of the invention may include an optional "filter" tip, which is used to give the article the appearance of the conventional filtered cigarette. Such filters include low efficiency cellulose acetate filters and hollow or baffled plastic filters, such as those made of polypropylene. Such filters do not appreciably interfere with the aerosol delivery.
The entire length of the article, or any portion thereof, may be overwrapped with one or more layers of cigarette paper. Preferred papers should not openly flame during burning of the fuel element. In addition, the paper should have controllable smolder properties and should produce a grey, cigarette-like ash.
To reduce the burning rate and temperature of the fuel element, thereby maintaining a low CO/CO2 ratio, a non-porous or zero-porosity paper treated to be slightly porous, e.g., non-combustible mica paper with a plurality of holes therein, may be employed as the overwrap layer.
Papers such as these are known in the cigarette and/or paper arts and mixtures of such papers may be employed for various functional effects. Preferred papers used in the articles of the present invention include Kimberly Clark's P 850-162, P 878-16-2, and 850-163 papers.
The aerosol produced by the preferred articles of the present invention (measured as wet total particulate matter, or WTPM) is chemically simple, consisting essentially of air, water, oxides of carbon, the aerosol former, any desired flavors or other desired volatile materials, and trace amounts of other materials.
The aerosol of produced by the preferred articles of the present invention contains very little carbon monoxide.
The WTPM produced by the preferred articles of this invention has little or no measurable mutagenic activity as measured by the Ames test, i.e., there is little or no significant dose response relationship between the WTPM produced by preferred articles of the present invention and the number of revertants occurring in standard test microorganisms exposed to such products. According to the proponents of the Ames test, a signicant dose dependent response indicates the presence of mutagenic materials in the products tested. See Ames et al., Mut. Res., 31: 347-364 (1975); Nagao et al., Mut. Res., 42: 335 (1977).
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following examples which aid in the understanding thereof, but which are not to be construed as limitations thereof. All percentages reported herein, unless otherwise specified, are percent by weight. All temperatures are expressed in degrees Celsius and are uncorrected.
The aerosol capsule, about 55 mm in length, having an outer diameter of about 2.9 mm, was prepared from tubing made from annealed stainless steel foil.
The tube was formed from the stainless steel foil by wrapping the foil around a mandrel and then welding the seam with a welder known as the Rocky Mountain Model 660 produced by Rocky Mountain/Associates International Inc., Denver, Colo.
The metal foil, which had a thickness of about 0.0005 inch, was obtained from Hamilton Precision Metals.
The tobacco extract used in this example was prepared as follows. Flue cured tobacco was ground to a medium dust and extracted with water in a stainless steel tank at a concentration of from about 1 to 1.5 pounds tobacco per gallon water. The extraction was conducted at ambient temperature using mechanical agitation for from about 1 hour to about 3 hours.
The admixture was centrifuged to remove suspended solids and the aqueous extract was spray dried by continuously pumping the aqeuous solution to a conventional spray dryer, such as an Anhydro Size No. 1, at an inlet temperature of from about 215°-230° C. and collecting the dried powder material at the outlet of the drier. The outlet temperature varied from about 82°-90° C.
High surface area alumina (surface area=280 m2 /g) from W. R. Grace & Co. (designated SMR-14-1896), having a mesh size of from -8 to +14 (U.S.) was sintered at a soak temperature above about 1400° C., preferably from about 1400° to 1550° C., for about one hour and cooled. The alumina was washed with water and dried.
wherein SD-FC is spray dried flue cured tobacco extract; B-3 is glycerin; LEV is levulinic acid; and Flav. is a flavorant composition T69-22 obtained from Firmenich of Geneva, Switzerland.
Kapok and cotton fibers were separately carbonized in a nitrogen atmosphere. The carbonizing temperature was 650° C. This temperature and atmosphere was maintained for two hours before cooling under nitrogen began.
In this example, one half of the fuel element was a 100% cotton based carbon fibers, while the other half was a 50% - 50% mixture (by weight) of cotton based carbon and kapok based carbon fibers.
The two carbonized fiber groups (10 parts by weight) were independently mixed with sodium carboxymethylcellulose (1 parts by weight - Hercules - 7HF). Two carbon/NaCMC pastes resulted.
The mold used to prepare the carbon fuel segment consisted of two identical metal blocks into which a groove was cut on one side so that when the two blocks were placed together a cylindrical passage was formed. Each groove was lined with thin paper, such as conventional cigarette paper. This was used to prevent the sticking of the carbon paste to the metal mold.
The two carbon/SCMC pastes were coated on their respective molds. In one mold, the metal tube was centered within the paste. Ring spacers along the periphery of the tube held the tube centered within the carbon paste. The two paste filled molds were then clamped together and the carbon paste was dried. When the mold was taken apart, any excess carbon was removed from beyond the ends of the central metal tube and the paper wrapper was removed.
The stainless steel tube contained within the fuel element was filled with the 200 mg of aerosol former. The ends of the tube were crimped slightly to retain the substrate. The fuel segment was then wrapped with a sheet of Owens Corning No. 6423 glass fibers, to an overall circumference of about 22.4 mm.
At the mouthend of the article there was placed a barrier member comprising a coating of an aqueous paste of sodium silicate and bentonite clay.
A mouthend piece comprising a rigid paper tube segment (10 mm×7.5 mm) was attached to the jacketed fuel by means of a paper overwrap. Kimberly Clark P 780-63-5 was used in this embodiment.
The aerosol capsule, about 60 mm in length, having an outer diameter of about 2.9 mm (0.115 in.), was prepared from tubing made from 0.0005 in. thick stainless steel foil as in Example 1. This tube was filled with 200 mg of the aerosol forming material used in Example 1, and the ends of the tube were crimped in to retain the alumina.
Kapok and cotton fibers were carbonized as in Example 1. As in Example 1, part of the fuel element was prepared from 100% cotton based carbon fibers, while part of the fuel element was prepared from a 50% - 50% mixture (by weight) of cotton based carbon and kapok based carbon fibers.
The two carbonized fiber groups (10 parts by weight) were independently mixed with sodium carboxymethylcellulose (1 part by weight - Hercules - 7HF). Two carbon/NaCMC pastes resulted.
Two molds, each similar to that used in Example 1, were used to prepare the carbon fuel segment of this Example.
The first mold defined a space of 3.96 mm (0.156 in.) in diameter. The stainless steel tube was placed in this mold, similar to the molding step of Example 1, that is, 100% cotton carbon/SCMC paste was coated the two halves of the mold. When the mold was closed, the tube became centered within the carbon paste. The mold was clamped tightly closed and the carbon paste was dried.
The carbon coated tube was removed from the first mold and placed in a second, larger mold, defining a space 5.16 mm (0.203 in.) in diameter containing the 50% cotton carbon - 50% kapok carbon prepared above. This second mold was clamped tightly around the coated tube, and after the carbon paste had dried, the article was removed therefrom. The tube was then filled with about 200 mg of the treated alumina substrate, and each end was crimped slightly. The periphery of the carbon fuel segment was overwrapped with Owens-Corning glass fiber paper No. 6437 to a final outside diameter of about 7.8 mm.
The following table (III) describes the CO output for preferred smoking articles of the present invention. These articles were substantially those described in FIG. 1 and Example 1, but the outer diameter of the fuel element was varied. Each of the articles was overwrapped with a fiberglass insulating jacket to the outer diameter of a conventional cigarette. Standard FTC smoking conditions were employed, i.e., a 35 ml puff of 2 seconds duration, once every minute.
(c) a dual burn rate, annular, carbonaceous fuel element comprising a slow burning segment and a fast burning segment which circumscribes at least a portion of the enclosure means.
2. The smoking article of claim 1, wherein the fuel element circumscribes substantially the entire length of the enclosure means.
3. The smoking article of claim 1 or 2, wherein the fuel element comprises complementary longitudinal segments.
4. The article of claim 3, wherein the fast burning longitudinal segment of the fuel element contacts the enclosure means along up to one half of its periphery.
5. The smoking article of claim 1 or 2, wherein the fast burning segment circumscribes at least a portion of the enclosure means and the slow burning segment of the fuel element circumscribes said fast burning segment.
6. The smoking article of claim 1 or 2, wherein the fast burning segment of the fuel element is located at the lighting end of the article.
7. The smoking article of claim 1 or 2, wherein the heat conductive enclosure is spaced at least about 2 mm from the lighting end of the fuel element.
8. The smoking article of claim 1 or 2, further comprising an insulating member which circumscribes at least a portion of the fuel element.
9. The smoking article of claim 8, wherein the insulating member is a resilient, non-burning member at least 0.5 mm thick.
10. The smoking article of claim 8, wherein the insulating member is a rigid, non-burning member at least 0.5 mm thick.
11. The smoking article of claim 8, wherein the insulating member comprises glass fibers.
12. The smoking article of claim 8, wherein the fuel element is from about 3 to 6 mm in outer diameter, the aerosol generating means is from about 1.5 to 4.5 mm in outer diameter, both of which are from about 40 to 65 mm in length.
13. The article of claim 8, wherein the fast burning segment has a density less than about 0.25 g/cc and the slow burning segment has a density greater than about 0.29 g/cc.
14. The article of claim 8, wherein the fast burning segment comprises pyrolyzed kapok and the slow burning segment comprises pyrolyzed cotton.
15. The smoking article of claim 2, wherein the overall carbon monoxide delivery over 10 FTC puffs is less than about 4.2 mg.
16. The smoking article of claim 2, wherein the overall carbon monoxide delivery over 10 FTC puffs is less than about 2.0 mg.
17. The smoking article of claim 2, wherein the WTPM delivery over 10 FTC puffs is greater than about 20 mg.
18. The smoking article of claim 2, wherein the WTPM delivery over 10 FTC puffs is greater than about 30 mg.
20. The smoking article of claim 19, wherein the fuel element has a diameter of from about 4.5 to 5.5 mm.
21. The smoking article of claim 16, wherein the container has a diameter of from about 2.5 to 3.5 mm.
22. The article of claim 21, wherein the container is less than about 0.013 mm thick.
23. The smoking article of claim 19, 20, or 21, wherein the ratio of pyrolyzed kapok and pyrolyzed cotton in the mixture is from about 5:1 to 1:5.
24. The smoking article of claim 19, 20, or 21 wherein the ratio of pyrolyzed kapok and pyrolyzed cotton in the mixture is about 1:1.
25. The smoking article of claim 19, 20, or 21, which further comprises an insulating member which encircles at least a portion of the fuel element.
26. The smoking article of claim 22, wherein the insulating member is a resilient, non-burning member at least 0.5 mm thick.
27. The smoking article of claim 22, wherein the insulating member is a rigid, non-burning member at least 0.5 mm thick.
28. The smoking article of claims 23 or 24, wherein the insulating member comprises glass fibers. | 2019-04-23T02:40:35Z | https://patents.google.com/patent/US4771795A/en | Porn | Business | 0.161898 |
wordpress | Paris Holden was just 21 years-old when she was found face-down in her garden last weekend. She suffered a sudden, unexpected heart attack and she had no heartbeat for just under 30 minutes.
Despite lasting the night in hospital in intensive care, Paris lost her fight for life late on Sunday night.
Losing a good friend is always one of the most difficult challenges life can throw at you. To lose a good friend when you’re just 22 years-old is unthinkable for the majority of us. However, for Joel Wilson, this has recently become a reality.
Hear some of Joel’s thoughts below.
Furthermore, Joel added that he found the situation scary.
“You see what happened with Fabrice Muamba – he was an actual athlete. He should be as fit as humanly possible, but it still happened. Luckily he survived but Paris wasn’t so lucky. I don’t know how we’re supposed to stop this from happening when it’s so out of the blue.
“She was a normal person just like us. A student, she went to gigs and she enjoyed going out with her mates. | 2019-04-22T15:08:11Z | https://theawkwardpint.wordpress.com/2012/05/11/losing-a-friend/ | Porn | Recreation | 0.507498 |
wikipedia | .ie is the internet kintra code tap-level domain (CcTLD) which corresponds wi the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code for the Republic o Ireland. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) leet the Computing Services Computer Centre o University College Dublin as its sponsorin organisation for the .ie domain. Syne 2000 the business o admeenistratin the domain registry haes been handlit bi IE Domain Registry Limitit. Domain name registration is open tae individuals locatit in, or wi a significant connection wi, ony pairt o the iland o Ireland. In 2006, .irish wis a proponed new generic top-level domain (gTLD) for the global Erse commonty.
↑ "Root Zone Database". Internet Assigned Numbers Authority. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
↑ Office of Public Affairs, UCD (1 November 2000). ".ie Domain Registry to Become Independent Service". Retrieved 24 December 2012.
↑ "Licensing & Services". Retrieved 24 December 2012.
This page wis last eeditit on 13 Juin 2018, at 23:06. | 2019-04-20T06:55:37Z | https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ie | Porn | Business | 0.62718 |
wordpress | Just wanted to give a quick shout-out to all who came to Wild World on FunGoPlay last Saturday. Thanks so much for joining us! We hope you had an awesome time playing Half Pipe Havoc and that you made some new friends! Everyone who showed up got 50 Go Dough! Sweet!
And CONGRATULATIONS TO KYLE RED 3 who won 500 extra Go Dough for earning the highest score in Half Pipe Havoc!
Stay tuned for more events on FunGoPlay!
Posted by fungoplay on January 25, 2012 in General. | 2019-04-19T03:05:07Z | https://fungoplay.wordpress.com/2012/01/25/weekend-wild-world-fun/ | Porn | News | 0.69881 |
wordpress | After many years of experience in programming, gradually I have newer perspective towards the programming languages. Previously, I was fervent in C language, which I assumed as a low level, powerful programming language. The OS kernel such as Linux is written in C language. To use C language, we need a lot of computer science knowledge, such as pointer, memory buffer, linked list, and so on. Furthermore, there are a lot of libraries supported in C, and C libraries can be ported to C++. That is why I liked C so much. Moreover, the library such as “glib” can make C written in object-oriented. By the knowledge of C language, learning other programming languages will be easier.
However, writing programs in C language is exhaustive. They are difficult to maintain, and writing the functions with the parameter “struct” pointer is troublesome. Creating linked list, stack, queue, tree, and other abstract data type (ADT) are time consuming. That is why I finally adopt the object-oriented paradigm (OOP), C++ language. With the C++ standard libraries, C++ development is far easier than C. Creating the objects and also the templates allows to re-use the source code easily. Exception handling makes the debugging process easier. It is better use for the application development. Furthermore, most of the C programming codes are compatible to C++, since C can be considered as a subset of C++ (though not totally subset).
Since I like C and C++, I preferred to use command-line compilation. The best way to perform command-line compilation is using GCC and autotools (automake, autoconf, and libtool). By learning to use these tools, this make me gain the profound knowledge about compiler, linker, libraries, compiled object (object code), binary, and binary executable.
However, different programming languages should be used in different situation. It is possible to develop web applications or interactive webpages using C and C++ through CGI, yet this is slower than other programming languages targeted on web development, such as PHP. Besides that, the applications which highly requires text processing should use the language such as Perl. I like these languages, but less fervent as C and C++.
Similar to PHP and Perl, Python is another interpreted programming language (though it can be compiled in bytecode like Java). This programming language becomes my favourite since it is used in rapid application development (RAD). Without compilation, I can test my code (algorithm) easily. Without compilation, using Python is time saving. It is used in general purpose including developing GUI applications, command-line applications, text processing using regular expression, reading CSV file, read-write SQLite file, processing JSON file, preforming complex mathematical calculations, implementing computer vision (using OpenCV libraries), or even creating web applications (though I have not use it in this purpose). It is especially good for me to test the AI (Artificial Intelligence) algorithms, such as Genetic Algorithms, Artificial Neural Network, etc.
Previously, I had done a little Android mobile development. Since I prefer C and C++, and Android provides NDK (native development kit), it was interesting for me to create Android applications with C and C++ through command-line. However, I found that it was too exhaustive and time consuming. This is because Android is not designed to use C/C++. Though the NDK is provided and it uses GCC and autotools, building the application is not same as the conventional way in GCC in normal desktop. That is why it recommends to use Apache Ant, run the “ndk-build” command, and even create the project from the sample project.
Java is the primary programming language use in Android. It is used with Eclipse installed with ADT plugin as the main IDE (integrated development environment). Developing Android application using these default tools are far easier than using NDK.
As a result, now I accept the GUI development using IDE. Previously, I had bad experiences using Microsoft Visual C++. This was because linking the libraries are difficult (because lacked of the knowledge during that time); compiling open source libraries did not work well (due to the C and C++ standard differences between Visual C++ compiler and GCC).
Therefore, cross platform source code without modification for target OS is not working also. Then I used Cygwin and MinGW. Both work fine, yet not the best. Cygwin has the license issue and MinGW has a lot of compilation problems. That is why I abandoned Windows and focused on Linux.
Yes, Linux is the best for development, since there are a lot of development tools: GCC for C language, C++ language, Haskell compiler, interpreters for PHP, Perl, Python, Ruby, Lua, OpenJDK for Java, Mono for C#, and thousands of libraries.
Therefore, now I understand that, just like different programming languages are chosen to solve different problems, the OS is also a factor to decide the programming languages to be used. Such as developing Windows application, .NET Framework related programming language is a better choice. Android application development should use Java language. Linux developers can use wide range of programming languages.
Furthermore, developing the Java applications, the IDE such as Eclipse or NetBean can be chosen. They are useful in creating GUI components. The applications involves Qt can use Qt Designer; applications that involves Gtk+/GNOME can use Anjuta DevStudio. By using IDE, debugging becomes much more easier than using GDB (command-line debugging).
Compiler and the OS are also related. Just like the case in Windows, the compiler such as MinGW or Cygwin has its own issues/problems, Visual C++ compiler has its own limitation also. Besides that, FreeBSD has adopted LLVM/Clang as the default compiler instead of GCC (though I does not use it and does not know what is the major differences).
Programming languages and software development are interesting. Knowing one language can only develop limited areas of application. Knowing one OS can only target on the audience of the particular OS. Using one type of IDE can only limited the knowledge within the IDE. Using command-line compiler will limit the productivity of software development (as what I did).
Lastly, knowing one type of programming paradigm only, such as procedural paradigm or OOP, will limit our perspective to solve the problem. Learning other paradigm such as functional programming will make us think differently to solve the same problem.
Sync, allows propagate deletion, detects conflicts.
Allows to edit the direction of specific files, or ignore the files.
All the bold features are which I prefer the most, especially the last one. That means, after the preview (or comparing), I can decide to change the direction of the files to be copied, left-to-right or right-to-left.
The next thing I like about FreeFileSync is the cross-platform. It is working on Windows and Linux. However, there is a drawback, it does not work in Mac OS X. Then, I look for other alternative syncing tools that work on Mac OS X with these features. None of them works as FreeFileSync.
The best among them is Synkron. However, the Synkron’s interface is not as intuitive as FreeFileSync. It uses multiple tabs for the syncing pairs. I cannot edit the syncing direction of specific files as FreeFileSync.
As a result, I tried to write a shell script to solve the syncing problem on Mac OS X. The script does not have all the features as FreeFileSync, but it provides an easier way for me to do the syncing. Since I like Arch Linux, I tried to use the Arch Linux way to write the script.
So, my shell script uses “rsync” for synchronisation. The script will read a configuration file, written in shell script form. The pairs of folders are written in an array form.
pairs=("temp/" "temp2/" #first pair, always use variable called "pairs"
Then, there are 2 prompts, first let you make sure the then pairs and the pairs and the synchronisation mode, update, mirror, or merge. Default mode is “mirror”.
If “y” (yes), then the script will use rsync to do a dry-run (meaning without any changes), this is something like preview. Then, the second prompt asks for confirmation whether you want to continue. If “yes”, then start syncing.
One of the features I like over the script is the backup. The script will backup the deleted files into the folder “syncYYYYMMDD”. This is because I cannot use the Trash Can from command-line. So, I am using this script to sync in Mac OS X.
Since I know multiple programming languages: C, C++, Python, PHP, Perl, Java, C#, I would like to share about my rules of thumb to choose which language during the development. So, when do I use these languages?
When doing the web development, I will definitely use PHP. It is easy to configure with Apache and MySQL.
When doing the text processing, cleaning the unwanted text, search and replace, I will definitely use Perl, because of the power of regular expression it provides. However, if the search and replace pattern is simple, then I will just use “sed” command or “awk” command.
Then, if I want to develop an application rapidly, Python is my first choice. The GUI can be used with PyGTK.
If I want to develop an end user application, then I will use C++. Because it will produce compiled executable binary. No interpreter needed.
When the application I want to build needs to be cross-platform, from the desktop to the web, then I have no choice, but choosing Java. I don’t choose over Java in developing general application because Java uses Swing, but I prefer GTK (in the sense of development, not the Look and Feel).
For the C#, I learnt it because of curiosity. I will not use it if possible.
Then, for the shell script, which I prefer bash. I will write a shell script when processing a bunch of files with other command-line tools, such as perl, sed, rsync, etc.
As a conclusion, my most favourite programming languages are C++ and Python for desktop application development, then PHP for the web development.
Do you know Pomodoro technique? I like this technique, which can make me work more productive. That is why, I installed tomate in Linux. It is a very simple application with only a click at the system icon (tray icon). However, there is no way for me to customize “tomate”. So, I tried to write my own Pomodoro application with GTK+. Now, let me share about my recent programming experience.
I love C language, as it is a low level programming language comparing to C++, Java, Python, etc. Yet, it is more portable than assembly language. The C functions allow shared library to be used by other application written by other languages. How good it is! That is why I like writing libraries, functions, command-line, instead of designing GUI (graphical user interface). Because designing GUI involves usability engineering, user experience, and user centred design. That means, developing GUI application should study about the targeted audience. However, I wrote the programs for myself only, I am the user.
Cross-platform – As we only need a web-browser, we can access any website. We can use Linux, Mac, Windows, or FreeBSD.
Easy – Anyone can use.
Since I am moving from C to C++, and since I chose GTK+ instead of Qt because of the C language, so I am moving from GTK+ to gtkmm as well. Since I am using gtkmm and developing the GUI, I try to make the development easier with Glade. I am really glad with Glade. With Glade, GtkBuilder and gtkmm, I can develop the applications more rapidly.
Finally, my Pomodoro is only an alpha version, and I haven’t made it open source. You can download here. It contains both Win32 version and also Linux version.
Finally, I success to run Mono with GTK# pre-compiled by Linux in Windows.
With the above installation, one can run the Mono application normally. I failed previously because I didn’t install GTK# for .NET.
By using “-target:winexe”, there will be no console window.
Yes, this is a light for me for cross-platform software development. Though I haven’t tried this on Mac OS X, but hopefully it works. I found that Mono is better than Java. Mono GTK# unlike Java Swing which cause me a lot of troubles. Java Swing though can run in cross-platform, it produces unexpected GUI differences. (Such as running GridBagLayout of Java in Ubuntu. One can give a try with Password Cipher Java Edition). I think I will move to Mono with GTK# instead of Java. | 2019-04-23T04:05:21Z | https://allencch.wordpress.com/tag/programming/ | Porn | Computers | 0.256236 |
wordpress | Thought I’d pop on here and write another check-in sort of post as I have been MIA for some months (Yay Grad School!). My blog, my Youtube channel, my Twitter, and my Facebook page all seem to have gone dark recently while I’ve been scrambling to stay afloat this semester. I’ve still been posting to my personal Facebook, though – and I had started to write another post there when it occurred to me that perhaps I can just start posting some of those things here instead. Sound good? Ok!
Make more doll clothes – I have all of these ideas in my head of epic outfits I want to make! So much 1/6 scale Cosplay in my mind!
Learn how to play the spoons – Have you ever heard anyone play the spoons? This is just cool.
Get back into fiddle – I actually started playing the fiddle 11 years ago, inspired by the fiddler for a local Celtic band I was enthralled with in undergrad. I wasn’t the greatest at it, but one can only get better with practice. I haven’t touched it in years.
Learn Irish – I’ve been enthralled with Gaeilge since I was in 7th grade. However, I never had many resources for learning it until recent years and no one to really practice with.
Learn Irish Dancing – Another thing I’ve wanted to do since I was a child. But I lived in a small midwestern town where there weren’t many outlets for it and the couple there were, I wasn’t even aware of until I was in undergrad. And now I am much too old for any of the schools I have access to.
Return to Aikido – I started studying Aikido when I was 17. (This is where the “aiki” in my Twitter handle aikifox85 and bookstore AikiFox Books comes from) I was passionate and very involved for a number of years. And then I moved to Champaign 11 years ago when I transferred from community college to the University of Illinois in undergrad and no longer had the time and money to continue. Or rather, I prioritized other things.
Learn Hindi – I know a handful of words and a few sentences that I’ve picked up from movies and from Indian friends over the years. I started trying to teach myself around the same time I started this blog, actually. As is a common theme for me, I got distracted with other things. I still have the books, though.
Travel – So many places I want to visit! I want to go to India, Turkey, and Ireland most. I want to see Canada, especially Nova Scotia. I want to visit places here in the US as well that I have never seen. Fun Fact: Prior to meeting my boyfriend, I had actually started the paperwork to join the Peace Corps. For better or worse, I chose to stay and invest my time and energy into exploring and then building that relationship. I still feel that pull to venture outward, though.
There are so many wonderful and exciting things in this life, so much to do, to see, to learn – more than can be experienced in a single lifetime. And this is leaving aside the fact that in many cases time and/ or money are luxuries people do not have. And now, back to homework – in the hopes that someday I will have the time and the money in which to do all of these things.
There was also a period where I really wanted to go into the military. My father, his brothers, and my grandfathers had all been in the military. At the time, I was really close to my father and I wanted to make him proud of me. Had I gone in, I would have been the first female in my family to join. This period of my life was also filled with a lot of self-loathing and internalized misogyny that had been handed down to me from my father. I felt like I needed to shun anything about me that was “too girly” to be worthwhile or to gain my father’s approval.
Later that year I did follow through with these goals. That summer I made the phone calls to different instructors and started studying Tae Kwon Do and Aikido. I started trying to eat healthier – this was more of a phase 1 in that I stopped sitting on the couch eating bags of doritos. started exercising by way of martial arts, and stopped eating so many doritos. Because I wanted to impress/ not embarrass myself in front of a boy (the TKD instructor’s son), I added some new foods to the list of things I would eat. I still have no idea what is in an eggroll and I’m perfectly happy NOT knowing.
These are still basic goals that I have for myself, trying to improve myself. I’ve been doing pretty good in trying to eat healthier and lose weight – I’m at 139.8 lbs today. I’m not taking lessons anymore, but I’m still exploring new interests and learning new skills. | 2019-04-26T06:51:06Z | https://acloththeworld.wordpress.com/tag/goals/ | Porn | Recreation | 0.611055 |
psychologytoday | The answer isn't by aiming to be more optimistic.
Optimism, it turns out, isn't just defined as the tendency to expect things to turn out better than probability predicts, nor is pessimism defined only as the tendency to expect things to turn out more poorly. Both terms are also used to describe the way we think about the causes of adversity, pessimism in particular being defined as the tendency to think about them in a way that makes us feel powerless. A pessimistic self-explanatory style, then, describes the tendency to attribute the causes of adversity to forces that are internal ("This is all my fault"), universal ("This affects absolutely everything"), and immutable ("This isn't changeable").
Not surprisingly, numerous studies show that possessing such a pessimistic self-explanatory style places us at an extreme disadvantage, mostly by preventing us from responding to adversity in ways that make it easier to surmount. Telling ourselves, for example, that we failed a test because we lack good test-taking skills—meaning that we lack inherent ability—may discourage us from preparing for a makeup test, leading us to fail it again. On the other hand, if we tell ourselves we failed a test because we didn't study enough—meaning we didn't make the effort, something over which we have significant control—we’re more likely to redouble our efforts the second time around and pass it. In other words, if we spend our energy defending a rationale for why we can’t do something, we’ll almost certainly not be able to do it. As Richard Bach writes in his book Illusions, "Argue for your limitations, and sure enough, they’re yours."
People with a pessimistic self-explanatory style are also at an increased risk for developing posttraumatic stress and depression when adversity strikes—as well as for losing their motivation when they fail. In one study, psychologist Martin Seligman asked swimmers to swim their best stroke and then told them their times were slightly slower than they actually were. When they swam again, swimmers with an optimistic self-explanatory style swam at approximately the same speed, whereas swimmers with a pessimistic self-explanatory style swam more slowly. When things are going well—when the team on which we’re playing is winning, for example—no difference in motivation or performance exists between optimists and pessimists. But when things aren't going well—when the team on which we’re playing is losing—pessimists often stop trying.
How Can It Be Learned?
This was a great introduction to the premise that optimism/pessimism can have both positive and negative effects. But the article does not fulfill it's title "How Optimism Can be Learned."
I agree that self-explanatory styles can be learned. The way you think can play a big part. I thought it was interesting that defensive pessimists out beat the optimists all because they use their anxiety to motivate them. | 2019-04-21T22:31:04Z | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/happiness-in-world/201306/how-optimism-can-be-learned | Porn | Sports | 0.302998 |
wikipedia | ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 澳大利亚国脚蒂姆·卡希尔正式加盟绿地申花足球俱乐部. 绿地申花官方网站. 2015-02-03 [2015-02-03].
^ Sherry, Max. Tim Cahill signs for Jamshedpur FC in the Indian Super League. Perth Now. 2018-09-01 [2018-09-03] （英语）.
^ 「頭鎚王」卡希爾未言休，宣佈加盟詹謝普爾. 球迷世界. 2018-09-02 [2018-09-03] （中文（香港））. | 2019-04-23T02:00:49Z | https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%82%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%B8%8C%E5%B0%94 | Porn | Sports | 0.804347 |
wordpress | Here’s how you move over a province! (I think) | Separated by a common language.
I like to decorate homes. Maybe I missed my calling in life because I did so badly at math in high school, but I think I would make a pretty swanky interior designer. Since I get to move in LESS THAN A MONTH (HOLY CRAP!), I thought it was time that I re-evaluate our current décor.
I think the décor of our apartment currently fits more with the type of house that it is—old. I’ve been thinking that when I finally move that I’d like to make some upgrades in our furniture. I’m pretty much looking at a serious overhaul of a lot of our stuff—all within a few thousand dollar budget, of course.
I’m actually looking at buying a new TV, which is one purchase I’ve never made before! I’m looking forward to a nice, clear picture on the screen instead of the slightly blue-tinged right-hand corner of the screen that I have now. The TV that we have also emits this really awful, high-pitched noise that gets louder whenever something bright or white comes on screen. Needless to say I don’t enjoy watching shows where there’s a lot of snow involved.
Anyhow, before I go I am going to get a lovely LCD TV for Steve and I to watch. I guess it’s my last hurrah from going from a job that pays a LOT to one that pays enough to get by.
I also made the grand purchase of a sofa yesterday! Woo! I can’t wait to sit on it. Oh man. Anyhow, I bought it from the EQ3 in town so that I can have it made, and then have someone deliver it to Vancouver so that I save myself the PST! Don’t ask me why I am going so insane over saving around $14, just let me think I am really saving a whole lot of money. Money for glorious purchases like potato chips and slurpees and tuna subs and all the things I am currently craving.
Seriously, tuna? What’s up with me?! I go on these crazy tuna binges for weeks at a time, and then I don’t eat another tuna sub for two months! Perhaps the fish eater in me is getting prepared to chow down on sea life?
Anyhow, when I move I will be leaving with a shitload of blankets, the dogs, a TV, and some clothes. Yikes! I plan to make the whole apartment into a blanket fort for Steve’s arrival. That, or at least some kind of blanket nest ala Big Bird.
Man, I’m getting a headache just thinking of the move! EEEEEK!
Holy Frijoles!!! You used to not be into dogs before you got your babies?? Do you ever think of how many wonderful doogy moments you may have missed out on? You should get another few pugs to start playing catch up!
Your body is preparing for the whale feast I have planned for when you move.
Mmmmmmm tuna… I had a tuna sandwich today.
I totally agree that you should get some big ticket items in Alberta. Save that PST! It’s BS anyway! You’ll have lots of opportunities to pay it when you get to BC. | 2019-04-26T14:49:17Z | https://doozywhoop.wordpress.com/2007/06/20/heres-how-you-move-over-a-province-i-think/ | Porn | Shopping | 0.969036 |
wordpress | my blog has been on vacation longer than i have i think…but i’m back! back to the states and back to blogging.
my mom and i just returned from a wonderful trip to italy and spain. three weeks together non-stop. every minute almost except for showering, which you don’t do as often there as you do here so that means even more time together. did we get along? of course! we had a great time together.
i must prelude with saying i am one of the luckiest people i know. the catapult of this trip for my mom and i came from some amazingly special friends who started a fund for us when my dad passed away a year and a half ago. spain held a special place in his heart from the first time the two of them came over to visit me while i was living there.
a trip to remember him. a trip to celebrate him. a trip to create new memories.
for those of you reading this, you know who you are. thank you. thank you from the bottom of my heart. thank you from the bottom of my mom’s heart. we are so lucky to have such wonderful people in our lives regardless of losing a gem.
with that said, enjoy the upcoming stories, be jealous of the food, and book a trip there! we had quite an entertaining time that we will never forget. | 2019-04-26T02:32:28Z | https://smilefeist.wordpress.com/2010/11/12/gracias-grazie-thank-you/ | Porn | Recreation | 0.56676 |
wordpress | I once read that if the world were to suddenly stop spinning and come to a complete halt, everything would suddenly be flung in a chaotic mess at more than one-thousand miles per hour. Personally I find it hard to fathom when an event like this would ever occur, and yet I still liken this to my own understanding of my own personal growth. I like to be constantly inspired by things happening in this world and learn through various opportunities granted by creative outlets, so that I may never have to put a halt on my own creative tornado.
And if there happens to be times where I do pause, my ultimate goal would be to look back and be proud of the trail that I had once learnt from and the [hopefully] not-so chaotic mess left behind.
I always liked experimenting in ways to express creativity, and this course allowed me to explore this digitally. I knew nothing about Adobe when I first started, and it’s through this course where I would like to find employment where I can simply just continue to learn more.
I feel most inspired wandering around large cities, watching people go by, knowing that each person has a story to tell. My goal as a designer is to constantly be inspired and learn new skills, then pass on what I know to someone else.
Digital mock-ups of various logo concepts.
Picture 1 of 4 in series experimenting with Photoshop layer styles and filters. Composed of both digitally created elements and original photograph with the idea to contrast high gloss 3D created letters with photographs of graffiti or textured walls.
Simple vector poster experimenting with geometric shapes and vector linework. Influenced by retro graphics and pastel bicycle colours 1960-80s.
Two tone risograph print based on song lyrics. Experimenting on minute detail and different approaches to vector linework.
Branding design and mobile application design for a fictional health, fitness and wellbeing app. Based on IOS 8 icons and simplicity with the aim to track user goals and provide suggestions and feedback in real time.
Responsive website design for a fictional clothing Identity, Morte&Tonic.
Target audience adolescence and young adults. Based on 12 column grid. | 2019-04-19T00:39:54Z | https://atobgrad.wordpress.com/portfolio/kent-spencer/ | Porn | Kids | 0.538407 |
wordpress | This is in my top ten youtube videos ever.
I don’t know who made it, or why. And something tells me that them uniting might be a terrible idea and bad for mankind … but I still love it. Thank you, producer, for making douchebags mildly endearing. I found myself almost rooting for them at the end.
I love denim. Jeremy might argue that I have a bit of an addiction. This would be the antibody.
I regularly school Jeremy in Trivial Pursuit. The co-creator has passed away. Hopefully this doesn’t mean a delay in release of the Trivial Pursuit: American Idol edition.
Al and Tipper Gore have decided to get a divorce and announced it via a mass … e-mail?
A 2 year-old addicted to smoking. His mother “can’t remember” how it started and is motivated to make him quit because of the cost. Poor guy. Seeing a two year old correctly wielding a cancer stick is more than mildly upsetting. Check it out here. | 2019-04-25T02:20:55Z | https://hesaidandshesaid.wordpress.com/tag/child-smoking/ | Porn | Kids | 0.888265 |
typepad | Okay, I've been tagged twice (on both my blogs), so I guess I better get to it. I will not be tagging anyone else. I've never done a meme before, so this may be my one and only!
1. I can touch my nose with my tongue.
2. I like to knit at stoplights. I actually get frustrated when I don't have enough time to complete more than a few stitches! I also like to wait for the doctor if I have my knitting. Hey, it's free time to sit and knit. How often do I get that?
3. I like my kitchen counters to be clean and I wipe them constantly. I wipe after every little spill. It really bugs me to have to clean it after someone else has been cooking and there are dried spills and bits stuck to it.
4. I use chapstick all the time. I can't leave the house without it and feel panicked if I forget to put one in my pocket.
5. I love being with my teenage daughter! In the unschooling world that's not unusual, but in the mainstream world, that seems very weird.
6. I have an innate sense of direction. This is great to have since I love to travel. However, there have been a few times, when I have gotten completely turned upside down and can't tell where I am. It's extremely disconcerting. I love to read maps and will memorize street names when I get to a new place just so I can orient myself on the map. I like to know where I am.
If you would like to be tagged, then you're it!
** That picture above is just because he's so cute!
We've been terribly busy again, but I've got some good stuff to show you. First, here are the gorgeous silk yarns I picked up at Artfibers in San Francisco. These are both 100% silk. The top photo is a line called Hana. The colors are exquisite- much richer than they appear in the photo! The bottom one is also 100% silk, but it's looser spun, thick and thin- it's called Golden Chai. I'm thinking special scarves for each of these.
Speaking of San Francisco, I finally figured out that we walked about 7 miles that weekend, so my total so far for the 100 mile challenge is 23 miles. I've got 10 more to go by the end of the month, if I want to stay on track. It shouldn't be difficult since we are having lots of the sort of sunny days that Central Oregon is known for.
In other news, our extended family is having a baby explosion (not literally!). I'm the oldest of 10 cousins on my dad's side and the younger ones all seem to be adding to their families this year. I just found out the first babies (twin boys) were born on the 18th. They live in Australia, so I don't know when we'll get to meet them, but I'll bet they are adorable. Happy Birthday to Taylor and Kiran! I also have two other cousins due to have girls this year! What a happy time. I've been busy in the quilt room and here are the piles I've made so far.
I've got another quilt project going right now, but I think it requires a separate post, so that will be coming up later. Meanwhile, I haven't forgotten about the Manos blanket! I'm working on the last bit of knitting and then the sewing up! I think the big burst of steam I had after Christmas has dissipated, but I'll try to work on that this week too. The quilting has really drawn me in and now that I have quilt and fabric piles all over the place it makes me want to get all that out of the way before working on something else.
I'd like to welcome my very talented sister to the online art/craft world. She has her own website now and will be selling her gorgeous glass creations online. Check it out at Silly Dog Art Glass. Congratulations Cheryl!
We had a marvelous time in San Francisco last weekend. It was cold, but so clear and sparkling that we just had to spend a lot of time outdoors. Friday afternoon started off with a flight right over the Cascades that afforded us incredible views of our local mountains. This is the Three Sisters- Faith, Hope and Charity.
We got to San Francisco with time for a late lunch, then spent a bit of time walking around Union Square to see some of the galleries. We took some time out for a cup of tea before dinner.
The next morning was clear and bright and so inviting for a walk around the city. We didn't eat here, but I'd like to see those "little pancakes"!
We ended up walking through Chinatown to Coit Tower. Up and down a lot of hills! We even walked up this sidewalk made of stairs.
The cable cars rode past us all over the place, but we didn't ride them at all this weekend. We've had many previous trips here with the kids and have taken many a cable car ride. We decided to take advantage of being kidless and do what they don't enjoy- hiking up lots of hills.
One of the fun aspects of walking a city is seeing all the little nooks and crannies. I just loved these painted stairs.
The view from Coit Tower was spectacular. This is looking north and that's Alcatraz Island out there in the bay.
This is one of the murals inside the base of the tower.
After the tower we walked several blocks over to the crooked part of Lombard Street. I'd driven this many times, but never walked up it. Along the way the pale blue of this house caught my eye.
Looks like quilt squares to me!
I love these little alleyways.
Pausing for a bit before lunch at the Fairmont.
What a great trip! We spent the afternoon looking in galleries again and have found an artist that I love. Mark likes her work too. Her name is Varya and you can see her work here. We had two marvelous dinners. One was at The Slanted Door- fabulous food! The other was Plumpjack's Cafe, which was very interesting. Some very strange dinners on the menu and they seemed to have an obsession with foam- cucumber foam, horseradish foam (I'm not kidding!). Anyway my squash soup and gnocchi were delicious and the company (old friends) was fabulous. I did make it to one yarn shop, Artfibers, but will save that for the next post. Here's the sunset from our hotel room- ahhhh!
That was yesterday. Today it actually snowed a bit! This is the same spot today. The sleds came out because if there's snow, that's what you do even if it's only about an inch!
The snow came and went all day today, but the flakes were the little tiny ones that don't cover much. Here's an interesting contrast. These two photos were taken about 1/2 hour apart from each other. This is the view from my kitchen.
Meanwhile, my first goal for this year, knittingwise, is to finish this Manos del Uruguay blanket. I started it probably almost 2 years ago and finished the first 5 blocks. It sat around in a drawer for at least a year. Since Christmas, I've done almost 7 more to complete it. I will be going back to redo the first one because of an error. For a long time, I thought I could live with it, but now I realize I can't! So, it'll be ripped and the first block will be grafted onto the rest.
I can't wait to have this done. It'll be such a snuggly warm winter blanket! Have a great weekend, everyone. Mark and I are heading to San Francisco for a grown-up weekend and the kids are off to Grammy and Grampa's.
I just joined the 100 Miles by April 1st group. You can walk, run, swim or use whatever body movement you like! I've already logged 6.7 miles since New Year's and that doesn't include our geocache walk that day. I wasn't keeping track of miles that day, but it was probably at least a mile. Anyway, click the button on the right if you want more info. I'll try to post weekly about my progress.
Last month I showed you this scarf as my donation for the Red Scarf Project. This week while I was cleaning my studio I came upon some more red yarn to make a very soft and fuzzy scarf and thought I might as well make another.
Then to dress up the package I made a couple of care tags and Valentine cards and got some of this delicious chocolate to round it out. I hope it makes a difference in these young person's lives.
I've been doing some long overdue blog maintenance, so if you care to, check out my Knits 2006 photo album on the right. I think it's complete now.
So, yesterday I was blog surfing and came upon a post about a no knead bread recipe that had been in the New York Times in November. Apparently this recipe has swept the blogging world (at least among the bakers!). I thought I'd give it a go and the recipe was still available. Here's a photo essay on the results.
This is a very sloppy dough, but sooooo easy to make. Take two minutes and mix the ingredients (3 cups of flour, 1/4 teaspoon yeast, 1 1/4 teaspoon salt, 1 5/8 cups water). That's the official recipe. I had read about the results of other bakers and decided to up the salt to 1 1/2 teaspoon. Also, it calls for instant yeast which is the rapid rise stuff. I only have the regular active dry yeast so I used it in the called for quantity and it came out fine. I made a few changes which you'll see if you compare my method to the one called for. It's delicious and very forgiving. You'll find all sorts of posts about the changes people have made and everyone loves it.
Leave the mixture in the mixing bowl and cover with plastic wrap for about 18 hours at room temperature (about 70 degrees). This is how it looked this morning after about 19 hours.
Dump it out onto a well floured counter and fold it over with a bench scraper a couple of times to mound it up. Cover with the plastic wrap and let it rest 15 minutes. This is how it looked before I folded it.
After the dough rests, form it into a ball and place on a well floured towel (mine also has some cornmeal sprinkled on it). The dough is incredibly soft and sticky, so keep using your bench scraper for this and just put it on as best you can. Be gentle with the dough so you don't lose all those lovely air bubbles.
Let it rise for 2 hours covered in the tea towel, but after the first hour and a half, set the oven to 450 and put in a baking stone to heat up. The official recipe calls for using a dutch oven and cooking it covered for the first 30 minutes, then taking the cover off. I had no problems with doing it uncovered on the baking stone. Preheat the oven and stone for 30 minutes after which time the dough should be ready to bake. Mine could probably have risen a while longer, but I had an appointment to keep and needed to bake it then. I baked this one about 40 minutes. Here it is at the beginning.
Finished loaf, left to cool while running out the door.
Taste test time. Everyone loved it! It's really the closest I've ever come to making an artisanal bread. Next time I will try some whole wheat and I hope to eventually try some flavors like onion, cheese and herb.
I would also forgo the floured towel and just let it rise on a floured pizza peel. I ended up using the peel to transfer it to the hot stone anyway, because, despite all the flour I put on the towel, it still stuck. Some have used a silicone mat, others have used parchment. I'll try some other ways in the next few bakings to see what works best for me.
* Chloe and I love Alton Brown's show, Good Eats. I would love to see what he'd have to say about this recipe! | 2019-04-20T06:35:42Z | https://knitonequilttoo.typepad.com/knit_one_quilt_too/2007/01/index.html | Porn | Recreation | 0.442724 |
wordpress | Leadership 101… You Are In Charge, Now What!!!
I just ordered a copy of your book, “Follow Her Lead” and Iam very anxious to receive and read it. Your bio/extended bio and entire website is commendable. I appauld you sister. As an avid leader and mentor at my job, I am looking for leadership opportunities any way I can get them…and appear to be someone who is resouceful and has the toolbox that I need to make things happen. I was wondering how might get the hook up? Will you be coming to Atlanta, GA soon? I have reviewed you management and leadership topics and I am interested in attending them all…how can I get started? | 2019-04-22T08:47:52Z | https://dranitadavisdefoe.wordpress.com/events/seminars-taught-by-dr-defoe/management-and-leadership-seminars/ | Porn | Business | 0.983339 |
wordpress | Can’t Get Enough of Your Love Barry White | THE GOOD . . . THE BAD . . . AND ME. | 2019-04-19T02:49:35Z | https://thegoodbadme.wordpress.com/tag/cant-get-enough-of-your-love-barry-white/ | Porn | Arts | 0.755054 |
livejournal | "Yes, I am an agent of Satan, but my duties are largely ceremonial."
"I have animal magnetism. When I go outside squirrels stick to my clothes."
Obama/Biden 2008 - "I'm asking you to believe. Not just in my ability to bring about real change in Washington... I'm asking you to believe in yours." | 2019-04-22T00:18:14Z | https://enjoybeing.livejournal.com/profile | Porn | Reference | 0.945018 |
wordpress | The post IDSD 2018 Takeaways: 3 Reasons Why Diversity in the Workplace Is Important appeared first on Master Media Marketing.
The post Beyonce & JayZ On The Run II Worldwide Tour Hits Cardiff with a Bang appeared first on Master Media Marketing.
The post Digital Summit Los Angeles: Conference Recap – Making a Connection appeared first on Master Media Marketing.
The post Cardiff City Footballers to Take Part in a Celebration Parade on Sunday appeared first on Master Media Marketing. | 2019-04-22T18:04:23Z | https://mastermediamarketing.wordpress.com/ | Porn | Sports | 0.635688 |
livejournal | Captain Stacy delivers some disturbing news to Aunt May and Peter. After hearing about his reaction from Aunt May, MJ is worried about Peter.
14 days until Spider-Man 3!!
I liked the pics of Peter and May.
The pics of Peter and MJ were alright.
I have no idea why, but I like Peter on the very last one.
Aw no! Don't wack Petey! What the symbiote!
Ah, here's where we find out that Marko was behind the death of poor ole Uncle Ben. This is not an idea I am too fond of but it works here.
Nice to see Captain Stacy and May looks cool with the beret.
MJ does look concerned for Peter especially once she finds out about Uncle Ben. She needs to make Peter understand that revenge is not the answer.
It seems to me that revenge is an underlying theme in the film this time around. That will make some good story telling.
I'm not too fond of it either, but it did seem to work.
Revenge is definitely a theme. Luckily Peter doesn't let it overtake him completely.
There's one thing that's calling my attention... what's up with MJ's locket? Did Peter gave it to her or something?
Oh and Milkshake!Krueger looks like a beaten puppy in that mug shot.
jenn_1 and I were just discussing that the other day - she seems to have it on in almost every scene! It's not in the book... so no idea!
Oddly, the scene of may and peter next to each other seems to draw a parallel to that bank scene in spider-man 2, i think?
I think you may be right! They look very similar there, don't they?
it's just interesting in how i ended up spotting this..instead of someone else.. | 2019-04-24T22:47:31Z | https://htbthomas.livejournal.com/52617.html | Porn | Reference | 0.733354 |
wordpress | THREE D’S DAY IS TODAY!
NATIONAL STRESS AWARENESS DAY-April 16th.
Mountains and seas for all the living beings to live in peace and plenty!
To be emulated and practiced by all in all regions and religions!
Divine wedding in Madurai- a holy place in Tamilnadu a pious festival!
Meenakshi Thirukalyanam is the divine wedding of Meenakshi Amman with Lord Shiva.
Held in Madurai, the cultural capital of Tamil Nadu the biggest event it is.
Legends say that Lord Shiva visited Madurai to tie the nuptial knots with Meenakshi.
Devotees from all corners of the world come to witness this DIVINE WEDDING!
Held on the tenth day. Devotees throng in thousands to seek the divine blessings!
A special day for special thoughts, words and deeds for all to know!
Patriot Day is the third Monday of April in United States!
Better to think of much exhorted PATRIOTISM than the patriots.
Noble trait, virtue and quality sure is patriotism!
Feelings – own homeland, ethnic, cultural, political aspects!
Of culture,agriculture social bond and the soil in which born!
Yet is -let us develop in our youngsters -nation will progress!
TO DAY IS TAMIL NEW YEAR DAY!
One of the oldest and ancient languages with a hoary culture and leading civilization -TAMIL-THE TAMILS- observe their NEW YEAR DAY TODAY which forms this week’s Sunday Story in Envius Thoughts for the information, kind read and response of my esteemed viewers from all over the Globe.
The Tamils have devised a calendar of SIXTY years and hence each year will repeat once in every SIXTY years. In that way this year is called VIKARI 33rd in the sixty. .
Every year is a mixture of good and bad happenings and they can be predicted in advance very accurately and that is the scientific India. Almanacs will give the same correctly. Almanacs are not superstitious beliefs. Astrology is astronomy a pure branch of Science and Technology!
It is said this year will bring cheers for all in all spheres of activities.
Will make Emphatic life beautify us!
VIKARI please come and become our feast!
Wishing a happy TAMIL NEW YEAR “VIKARI” to all the Tamils living in different parts of the globe, we end this Sunday Story. We shall go ahead. Good bye for the present.
April 13th Birth Day of GANDHIJI’S GOD!
Today is SRI RAMA NAVAMI -birth day of LORD RAM -a HOLY DAY !
Of the Lord Vishnu.this festival falling on ninth day in Chaitra.
On this holy day let us invoke HIS blessings to lead a noble life!
HEARTY WELCOME TO NEW YEAR HAPPY UGADI 2019!
On this day Lord Brahma created the universe and has written our fate.
The festival marks the beginning of Telugu new year.
Great day in the lives of a big section of the society!
celebrated the next morning as day starts from sunrise.
Wake up before sunrise, take oil baths and decorate houses.
We have prayers and social calls to kith and kin to wish them well!
Special dish is Bevu Bella, a paste made from jaggery , neem buds, tamarind juice and raw mango. to signify the life- sweet, bitter, sour what not!
In Mahharashtra it is Gudiipadawa. We clean the houses and buy new clothes.
May the new year bring all cheers, peace and plenty, joy and harmony!
March 20th- HOLY,HOLI, HOLI DAY is today!
HOLY FESTIVAL OF PLENTIFUL COLORS!
And the self to live in joy and harmony with all in the society!
Sister of the demon king Hiranyakashipu, was killed in the fire.
People smear each other with colours and drench each other.
Color each other -friend or stranger, rich or poor, man or woman!
Laugh and gossip, then share Holi delicacies, food and drinks.
In the evening, dress up and visit friends and family.
Festival of plentiful colors-ever pleasing to the eyes!
Let the whole world flourish in colors all through the year!
It is for the world to remember and follow their foot steps and serve!
In any form or mode- sacrifices sure deserve honor quite bold!
Or a neighbor and gave the supreme sacrifice now and then.
These sacrifices don’t come in uniform often remain unsung.
Holy Motherland India that is Bharath! Let us arrest the trend! | 2019-04-19T02:47:12Z | https://nvsr.wordpress.com/category/great-people/ | Porn | Science | 0.124039 |
wordpress | My Dad was a farmer, and as a boy I sometimes helped him in our family garden. I went on to teach high school science and biology for over thirty years. This included advanced placement environmental science and I wrote the curriculum for horticulture at Quincy High School in Quincy Massachusetts. As a horticulture teacher in the City of Quincy, I worked with students developing projects related to urban gardening. I have enjoyed practicing many of the same principles at home. My attention has been drawn to sustainability and the issues of keeping us all healthy.
When a colleague of mine suggested that I read Square Foot Gardening, I got the book and read it and could not put it down. We can all complain about environmental toxins and the poor quality of our food. However you and I can make a difference; “1 Square Foot at a Time”. We can come together and practice good science and good living and it is easier than you may think.
I wish that more people grew some of their food. Looks like you are doing a great job educating about how to do just that. I am looking forward to reading more as I follow your blog!
Sarah, We are gaining ground all over the world. It takes people like you and me to get others to believe – One Square Foot at a Time. The One Square foot doesn’t really represent garden space however it represents people who are will to grow and eat organically. If I influence two people and you do as well, we would hope that those people can influence two more each. Thank you for your blogs as well. Together we can do this.
I do hope to influence more people in my area to garden and to grow at least some of their own food. I think many are intimidated by the idea or discouraged by past failures. I try to provide helpful information and encouragement. Looks as though you are doing the same.
Hi Peter, Thanks for stopping by at my blog.You have a very interesting one which I’m going to explore!
Isn’t it wonderful when what you deem to be an inner desire unfolds into a much bigger blossom than you could imagine? Congratulations on sharing what you know to be helpful with others to keep food healthy and clean. Thank you. | 2019-04-25T14:13:25Z | https://peter2323.wordpress.com/about/ | Porn | Health | 0.59796 |
wordpress | 65 people killed and 190 wounded in Iraq, worst violence since 2008 — RT News.
Police, protesters violently clash in Belfast following flag demonstrations — RT.
via Statement Anonymous ( #OpChildren ) – YouTube. | 2019-04-25T10:41:41Z | https://humansunitedblog.wordpress.com/tag/violence/ | Porn | News | 0.946903 |
wordpress | It’s taken me a long time to get though the June 16-17 Review section of the Wall Street Journal. I feel as though the editors sat down, put their heads together, and came up with article after article that would fascinate Roberta. Yes I know: it’s a very egocentric conceit. And yet I have rarely come across so much truly neat stuff crammed into a relatively small space.
People overeat for exactly the same reason they drink, smoke, have serial one-night stands or take drugs. I must be clear that I am not talking about the kind of overeating that’s just plain, cheerful greed—the kind of Rabelaisian, Falstaffian figures who treat the world as a series of sensory delights and take full joy in their wine, bread and meat. Those who walk away from a table—replete—shouting, “That was splendid!” before sitting in front of a fire, drinking port and eating truffles, don’t have neuroses about food. They aren’t “fat,” they are simply…lavish.
No—I’m talking about those for whom the whole idea of food isn’t one of pleasure, but one of compulsion. For whom thoughts of food, and the effects of food, are the constant, dreary background static to normal thought. Those who walk into the kitchen in a state bordering on panic and breathlessly eat slice after slice of bread and butter—not even tasting it—until the panic can be drowned in an almost meditative routine of chewing and swallowing, spooning and swallowing.
In this trancelike state, you can find a welcome, temporary relief from thinking for 10, 20 minutes at a time, until finally a new set of sensations—physical discomfort and immense regret—make you stop, in the same way you finally pass out on whiskey or dope. Overeating, or comfort eating, is the cheap, meek option for self-satisfaction, and self-obliteration.
Moran is equally perceptive on the subject of the shame that attaches to overeating and its lamentable consequences.
There’s the usual quota of eminently engaging book reviews: Jonathan Karl, on David Maraniss’s new biography of Barak Obama, was especially insightful. It’s a good example of a review that, for me, will suffice without recourse to the book. On the other hand, David Stuart’s piece on Andrew Robinson’s Cracking the Egyptian Code and Moira Hodgson on The Queen’s Lover by Francine du Plessix Gray sent me immediately to the online library catalog.
I’ve mentioned before my delight in the column called Five Best: A Personal Choice. In this issue of WSJ, novelist Richard Zimler selects “tales of pariahs and misfits.” Once again I’m reminded of books I’ve always intended to read but haven’t (and oh, is that ever a long, long list!), Philip Roth’s I Married a Communist and The Story of a Life, the memoir of Israeli novelist and Holocaust survivor Aharon Appelfeld. Two of Zimler’s suggestions are titles new to me: Sirius by Olaf Stapledon and The Story of Harold by Terry Andrews. Finally, there’s Home by Marilynne Robinson.
I read Home for a book group discussion. I was somewhat reluctant to tackle it, as I’d had a hard time getting through its predecessor, Gilead. For this reader, Marilynne Robinson writes short books that take a long time to get through – sort of the opposite, say, of Wolf Hall. The characters at times seem more like archetypes than flesh and blood human beings. Robinson is a writer of formidable intellect who, I believe, is best serves by the essay form. (Her latest collection is the rather quaintly entitled When I Was a Child, I Read Books.) In fairness, I have to concede that her writing is beautiful. And in the case of Home, something so redeeming happens at the conclusion – the place where so much contemporary fiction stumbles – that it pretty much made the effort worthwhile.
Another excellent feature of this paper is the column Word Craft. In “The Architecture of a Thriller,” Jeffery Deaver explains how the process of outlining aids him in his work.
Ravel had simply set himself a technical task—a study in musical minimalism. The piece would consist of a theme repeated “a number of times without any development, gradually increasing the orchestra as best I can.” If the description sounds mechanical, that was the idea; he even imagined its performance in a factory setting. The music “constitutes an experiment in a very special and limited direction, and should not be suspected of aiming at achieving anything [more],” he told the Daily Telegraph in 1931.
Keep in mind: I’ve just presented highlights here. articles that were of particular interest to me. There’s quite bit more on offer here – a great deal to delight and inform, in a mere fourteen pages of newsprint!
Her name was Aura Estrada. On the book’s first page – the very first line – Francisco Goldman informs the reader of the following: “Aura died on July 25, 2007.” On that same page we are apprised of several other crucial facts: Francisco and Aura were about to celebrate their second anniversary as husband and wife. Aura’s mother and uncle hold Francisco responsible for the tragedy that took her life.
At the time of her death, Aura Estrada was thirty years old.
Those are the bare facts. Around them, Goldman weaves a narrative that moves back and forth in time and is filled with anecdote and vivid evocation of time and place. Power gradually accumulates.There were times when I simply had to put the book down. I felt suffocated by the weight of this man’s pain. In my reading life, I have rarely felt a sense of loss so deep, deeper than the ocean that took Goldman’s wife from him – ‘mi Aura,’ as he calls her, the cry echoing, still echoing after I’ve finished Say Her Name.
In the immediate aftermath of this terrible event, Goldman cast about desperately for even the smallest source of consolation. He got it from a tailor, a carpenter, and a security guard, respectively. The tailor told him that Aura would not have wanted to see him “…dragging my sadness around in a heavy, black wool suit.” He recommended instead, charcoal gray.
Three wise men: the tailor, the carpenter, and the security guard. In those first days and weeks after Aura’s death, nobody spoke sounder words to me.
Charcoal gray instead of black.
Aura put her quilt away in the closet and came back into the bedroom and finished packing for her death, three weeks and one day away.
Every day a ghostly ruin. Every day the ruin of the day that was supposed to have been. Every second on the clock clicking forward, anything I do or see or think, all of it made of ashes and charred shards, the ruins of the future.
I was going to begin this review by stating that this novel is one long howl of anguish. But really it is much more than that. It is rich with incident, varied and colorful. And it is filled with the minutest observations of Aura Estrada. Aura was a candidate for a PhD in literature at Columbia University. In addition, she was an aspiring writer. Stories were already pouring out of her. She wrote them down as fast as she could. Some of the fragments appear in this book. Francisco Goldman takes his role as his late wife’s literary executor with the utmost seriousness.
Now, whenever I pass near Katz’s Deli, I stop to stare in a mute muddle at that sidewalk, at the long blackish snake of the curb, the empty air above. Sometimes I go and stand where it happened and whisper, You mean, to my place? Descending into memory like Orpheus to bring Aura out alive for a moment, that’s the desperate purpose of all these futile little rites and reenactments.
Francisco Goldman tells us that in ‘descending into memory like Orpheus’ he hopes he might ‘bring Aura out alive for a moment.’ But in the act of writing, Goldman transcends the constraints of myth and achieves nothing short of the impossible. Page by page, by the breath of his own words, Say Her Name restores Aura from shade to flesh, and returns her, unforgettably and permanently, to our world.
These pictures were taken at the wedding of Aura Estrada and Francisco Goldman. They were married in August of 2005 in San Miguel de Allende, Mexico.
Francisco Goldman and several of Aura’s friends and admirers have established The Aura Estrada Prize, to encourage young women embarking on writing careers in the Spanish language.
Hold her tight, if you have her; hold her tight, I thought, that’s my advice to all the living. Breathe her in, put your nose in her hair and breathe her in deeply. Say her name. It will always be her name. Not even death can steal it. Same alive as dead, always. Aura Estrada.
When you’ve been immersed in a massive, intricately detailed biography, you feel a sense of loss at its conclusion. You bid farewell not only to the book’s specific subject, but to the cast of characters that enlivened the story, and in many cases, to an entire era. This happened to me with Candace Millard’s riveting Destiny of the Republic, with Donald Worster’s lovely homage to John Muir, A Passion for Nature, and most recently with Robert K. Massie’s magisterial biography of Catherine the Great.
Last night I finished reading The Last Pre-Raphaelite: Edward Burne-Jones and the Victorian Imagination. Fiona MacCarthy’s sweeping depiction of a now vanished world has for weeks held me in its thrall. I said good-bye with a heavy heart.
I’ve already done one post on the life and work of Edward Burne-Jones. There is more to come – and more about other riches contained within the pages of The Last Pre-Raphaelite.
As a result of this recent reading, my fascination with Victorian Britain has been reawakened. I’ve written before of the pleasure I derived from listening to The Teaching Company’s course by that name, as presented by Professor Patrick Allitt. In the past, I’ve borrowed this item from the library. Now, however, I have purchased these fine lectures and the richly informative material that comes with them. Once again I am immersed in all things Victorian, starting with the Queen herself!
That felicitous locution is taken from the title of an article that appeared in the Review Section of the May 19/20 Wall Street Journal Weekend Edition. It’s part of a series called ‘Five Best: A Personal Choice.’ In this particular series entry, author Paul French (Midnight in Peking) suggests five titles: White Mischief by James Fox (1982), The Painted Veil by W. Somerset Maugham (1925), The Comedians by Graham Greene (1966), Miss Jill by Emily Hahn (1947), and The Green Hat by Michael Arlen (1924). .
A similar situation obtains with Paul French’s list. Of the five titles he cites, only The Painted Veil is both owned by the library and currently in print. (I was naturally delighted by the inclusion of this novel. Since reading – nay, devouring! – Selina Hastings’s superb biography, I’ve derived much pleasure from rediscovering the works of Somerset Maugham. The Painted Veil is a terrific read and a great book club choice.) Penguin Classics, bless them, still has The Comedians on offer.
Among the special pleasures of these lists are the quirkiness of the topic choices and the length and liveliness of the annotations. The best way that I know of for summoning up a good number of them is by using the search term ‘WSJ five best books.’ The chief difficulty is that you’ll be greeted by a raft of titles so intriguing and so persuasively presented that you’ll want to read them immediately, if not sooner. At least, that’s what happened to me. But then, it would, wouldn’t it?
Crime Writing Month is a promotional initiative from the The Crime Writers’ Association, (The CWA presides over the prestigious Dagger Awards.) A site entitled Celebrating Reginald Hill is one of the many activities feeding into the CWA’s initiative. I was asked to contribute to this site.
I took an earlier blog post and reworked it for the purpose. Here’s a link to the site, and a (more specific) link to my article, which I hope you enjoy.
I was deeply gratified to be asked to contribute to this initiative.
West Orange was my dwelling place….
West Orange New Jersey that is, in the County of Essex. Our family lived there, in a house on Fairway Drive, from 1944 (the year of my birth) to 1952.
Last month, we drove to Plymouth, Massachusetts for family wedding (with plans to continue on to Cape Cod, afterwards). West Orange lay directly along our route, so we decided to break the journey there, in both directions. This gave me the opportunity to revisit my past in that place.
On this pilgrimage, I had two specific destinations in mind. The first was a very long lived restaurant called Pals Cabin. The original eponymous “pals” were Martin L. Horn and Bion Leroy Sale. In 1932, they founded a modest eatery – literally a ten by twelve foot cabin – as a bulwark against the crushing forces of the Depression. Family lore has it that my parents stopped there en route to Orange Memorial Hospital, as my mother was about to give birth to me. In later years, the family would come here, from time to time, for a meal.
Today, Marty Horn’s descendants still own and run Pals Cabin.
On our way north, Lynn, my dear friend from college days, met us for dinner at this historic eatery. (Lynn lives in nearby Montclair, where my mother grew up. My grandparents had a candy store there.) On the way back, Ron and I ate there again, just the two of us. That evening, I chose the ‘foot-long’ frankfurter, described thus: ” The first item on our menu over 75 years ago, enjoy our famous frank with sauerkraut or grilled onions on request. Served with French Fries.” Ron had a hamburger, also with a side of fries and some extremely memorable fried onion rings.
I expressed my gratitude, and wished him and the entire Horn family a happy eightieth (!!) birthday.
In the course of my research for this post, I learned that there are others who have a special feeling for Pals Cabin. In addition to the expression of affection, this post by Frank Gerard Godlewski contains some fascinating historical tidbits. More of the same can be found on Comestiblog, and on the restaurant’s own site.
And now, on to the house on Fairway Drive.
Over the course of this trip, the weather, to put it tactfully, had been variable. In fact, when we left Cape Cod, it was pouring down rain, and continued to do so all through Connecticut. However, by the time we got to New Jersey, it had begun to clear up. That evening we had our final dinner at Pals Cabin. And the following morning, before we got properly under way for the final leg of our journey, we stopped at the house on Fairway Drive. It was a gorgeous day.
A girl named Sharon strides toward us, a mean look on her face. She hands us a piece of paper on which are written the words, SAY OFF MY LAND. “Off my land!” we shouted at her retreating back. “Off my land,” again, jeering at her.
The memories were coming at me, fast and furious…and for the most part, unverifiable.
Driving around West Orange was an interesting experience. The place felt old, and it looked as though nothing much has been done to update the infrastructure. The road signs were hard to read; I saw no electronic signals at pedestrian crossings. In some places the traffic was ferocious. This was especially true at the intersection where Pals Cabin is located. But other places were very quiet, the greenery, lush. I saw once again the large rhododendron bushes that flourish there. My old neighborhood lay in a sun drenched stillness, looking more beautiful than ever. Bidding it farewell, I felt a sort of sweet, resigned sadness. With the passage of time have come the inevitable losses; still, I have been fortunate in life, in love, and in family, and I am grateful.
Click here to read more about West Orange. And Joseph Fagen has lovingly and eloquently chronicled the life and times of the township of my birth, on a site devoted to its history.
The media specialists of the Howard County Public Schools have posted their 2012 summer reading suggestions. For a number of years now, I’ve had the privilege of working with the staff on this book list.
Lists from past years are also available, as well as suggestions for readers from kindergarten age through high school. Click here to see those. | 2019-04-26T06:00:08Z | https://robertarood.wordpress.com/2012/06/ | Porn | Reference | 0.096187 |
google | Systems and methods are disclosed that improve the performance of an extremum seeking control strategy by limiting, removing or preventing the effects of an actuator saturation condition, particularly as the extremum seeking control strategy relates to HVAC applications.
The present application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/950,314, filed July 17, 2007, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. This application hereby expressly incorporates by reference the entirety of: U.S. Patent Application No. 11/699,859, filed January 30, 2007, entitled "Sensor-Free Optimal Control of Air-Side Economizer;" and U.S. Patent Application No. 11/699,860, filed January 30, 2007, entitled "Adaptive Real-Time Optimization Control."
The present application generally relates to extremum seeking control strategies. The present application more particularly relates to regulating, via extremum seeking control, the amount of air that is flowing through a heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system in order to reduce the amount of mechanical heating and cooling required within an air-handling unit (AHU).
Extremum seeking control (ESC) is a class of self-optimizing control strategies that can dynamically search for the unknown and/or time-varying inputs of a system for optimizing a certain performance index. It can be considered a dynamic realization of gradient searching through the use of dithering signals. The gradient of the system output with respect to the system input is typically obtained by slightly perturbing the system operation and applying a demodulation measure. Optimization of system performance can be obtained by driving the gradient towards zero by using an integrator in the closed-loop system. ESC is a non-model based control strategy, meaning that a model for the controlled system is not necessary for ESC to optimize the system.
Typical ESCs utilize a closed-loop configuration in which a gradient is calculated between the inputs to a plant and system performance. An integrator is then used in the closed-loop system to drive the gradient to zero. A detrimental phenomenon known as "integrator windup" may occur if the determined optimal reference point for the system is mathematically outside of the operating range for the actuator, causing the optimal settings for the actuator to correspond to an operating boundary. When the actuator cannot move to the optimal setting determined by the ESC loop, a condition known as actuator saturation is said to exist. For example, the optimal power consumption for an AHU utilizing an extremum seeking controller may correspond to a damper opening of less than 0%, a physical impossibility. When an actuator saturation condition exists, the integrator output will continue to grow until the sign of the input to the integrator changes.
The invention relates to a method for optimizing a control process for an actuator. The method includes operating the control process using an extremum seeking control strategy. The method further includes using an electronic circuit to compensate for an actuator saturation condition of the extremum seeking control strategy. The invention also relates to a controller for controlling an actuator. The controller includes a processing circuit configured to operate the plant using an extremum seeking control strategy. The processing circuit is further configured to compensate for an actuator saturation condition of the extremum seeking control strategy.
The invention further relates to a controller configured for use with an air handling unit having a temperature regulator and a damper effected by an actuator. The controller includes a processing circuit configured to provide a first control signal to the temperature regulator, the first control signal being based upon a setpoint. The processing circuit is further configured to provide a second control signal to the actuator, the second control signal being determined by an extremum seeking control loop. The processing circuit is yet further configured to adjust the extremum seeking control loop to compensate for an actuator saturation condition.
FIG. 1 IB is a diagram of a self-driving ESC loop configured to limit the effects of an actuator saturation condition, according to an exemplary embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS Before turning to the figures, which illustrate the exemplary embodiments in detail, it should be understood that the application is not limited to the details or methodology set forth in the description or illustrated in the figures. It should also be understood that the terminology is for the purpose of description only and should not be regarded as limiting.
Referring generally to the figures, a controller is configured to control a plant having an actuator using an extremum seeking control strategy. The extremum seeking control strategy is configured to compensate for the effects of an actuator saturation condition.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a building 5 with an HVAC system, according to an exemplary embodiment. As illustrated, building 5 has an air handling unit (AHU) 10. AHU 10 is part of an HVAC system and is used to condition, chill, heat, and/or control the environment of a room 12 in building 5. The control system for AHU 10 utilizes extremum seeking to provide economizer functionality by optimizing the flow of outdoor air into AHU 10 in order to minimize the power consumption of AHU 10. According to various other exemplary embodiments, building 5 may contain more AHUs. Each AHU may be assigned a zone (e.g., room 12, a set of rooms, part of a room, floor, set of floors, part of a floor, etc.) of building 5 that the AHU is configured to affect (e.g., condition, cool, heat, ventilate, etc.). Each zone assigned to an AHU may be further subdivided through the use of variable air volume boxes or other HVAC configurations.
Inc. According to other exemplary embodiments, system 400 may be a unitary system having an AHU or another damper system. In an exemplary embodiment, controller 410 is operatively associated with a controlled air handling unit such as AHU 430. Controller 410 is configured to operate as a finite state machine with the three states depicted in FIG. 3, wherein AHU 430 uses extremum seeking logic when in state 503. A transition occurs from one state to another, as indicated by the arrows, when a specified condition or set of conditions occurs. In an exemplary embodiment, the operational data of AHU 430 is checked when controller 410 is in a given state to determine whether a defined transition condition exists. A transition condition is a function of the present state and may also refer to a specific time interval, temperature condition, supply air condition and/or return air condition. In an exemplary embodiment, a transition condition occurs when controller 410 remains in a given operating mode for a predetermined period of time without adequately providing an output corresponding to a setpoint provided to the controller 410 by the supervisory controller 404. For example, a transition condition occurs in a mechanical cooling mode when the system is unable to provide an output of air at the desired temperature within a reasonable amount of time.
In state 501, valve 442 for heating coil 440 is controlled to modulate the flow of hot water, steam, or electricity to heating coil 440, thereby controlling the amount of energy transferred to the air. This maintains the supply air temperature at the setpoint. Dampers 460, 462, and 464 are positioned for a minimum flow rate of outdoor air and there is no mechanical cooling, (i.e. chilled water valve 446 is closed). The minimum flow rate of outdoor air is the least amount required for satisfactory ventilation to the supply duct 490. For example, 20% of the air supplied to duct 490 is outdoor air. The condition for a transition to state 502 is defined by the heating control signal remaining in the "No Heat Mode." Such a mode occurs when valve 442 of heating coil 440 remains closed for a defined period of time (i.e. heating of the supply air is not required during that period). This transition condition can result from the outdoor temperature rising to a point at which the air from the supply duct 490 does not need mechanical heating.
In state 502, dampers 460, 462, and 464 alone are used to control the supply air temperature in supply duct 490 (i.e. no mechanical heating or cooling). In this state the amount of outdoor air that is mixed with the return air from return duct 492 is regulated to heat or cool the air being supplied via supply duct 490. Because there is no heating or mechanical cooling, the inability to achieve the setpoint temperature results in a transition to either state 501 or 503. A transition occurs to state 501 for mechanical heating when either for a defined period of time the flow of outdoor air is less than that required for proper ventilation or outdoor air inlet damper 464 remains in the minimum open position for a given period of time. The finite state machine makes a transition from state 502 to state 503 for mechanical cooling upon the damper control remaining in the maximum outdoor air position (e.g. 100% of the air supplied by the AHU is outdoor air) for a period of time. In state 503, chilled water valve 446 for cooling coil 444 is controlled to modulate the flow of chilled water and control the amount of energy removed from the air. At this time, extremum seeking control is used to modulate dampers 460, 462, and 464 to introduce an optimal amount of outdoor air into AHU 430. In an exemplary embodiment, a transition occurs to state 502 when the mechanical cooling does not occur for the given period of time (i.e. the cooling control is saturated in the no-cooling mode).
Referring further to FIG. 3, in state 501, heating with minimum outdoor air required for ventilation is initiated. In cold climates, the initial state of control is a heating with minimum outdoor air state 501. The system initiates in state 501 to minimize the potential that cooling coil 444 and heating coil 440 could freeze. State 501 controls the supply air temperature by modulating the amount of heat supplied from heating coil 440. Dampers 460, 462, and 464 are controlled for minimum ventilation. In an exemplary embodiment, a transition to state 502 occurs after the heating control signal has been at its minimum value (no-heat position) for a fixed period of time.
In state 502, the system is utilizing outdoor air to provide free cooling to the system. State 502 controls the supply air temperature by modulating dampers 460, 462, and 464 to adjust the mixing of outdoor air with return air. In an exemplary embodiment, a transition to state 501 occurs after dampers 460, 462, and 464 have been at a minimum ventilation requirement for a fixed period of time or the damper control signal is at a minimum value for a fixed period of time. In an exemplary embodiment, a transition to state 503 occurs after dampers 460, 462, and 464 have been controlled to supply 100% outdoor air for a fixed period of time.
In state 503, the system utilizes mechanical cooling with an extremum seeking control strategy to control dampers 460, 462, and 464. State 503 controls the supply air temperature by modulating the flow rate of chilled water or refrigerant through cooling coil 444. An extremum seeking control strategy is used to determine the positions of dampers 460, 462, and 464 to minimize the amount of mechanical cooling required. An actuator saturation condition may occur using a standard extremum seeking control strategy if the optimum damper opening for a damper corresponds to a physical boundary on the operation of the damper. Controller 410 has been adapted to limit the detrimental effects of an actuator saturation condition. Ventilation requirements are set at a lower limit for the amount of outside air in supply duct 490. In an exemplary embodiment, a transition to state 502 occurs after the control signal for cooling has been in the no-cooling command mode for a fixed period of time.
Referring to FIG. 4A, a block diagram of an ESC loop 600 that compensates for an actuator saturation condition is shown, according to an exemplary embodiment. A controller 602 having extremum seeking control logic continually modifies its output in response to changing measurement 621 received from plant 624 via input interface 604. A plant in control theory is the combination of a process and one or more mechanically controlled outputs. Measurements from the plant may include, but are not limited to, information received from sensors about the state of the system or control signals sent to other devices in the system. Input interface 604 provides measurement 621 to performance gradient probe 612 to detect the performance gradient. Actuator saturation compensator 614 then adjusts ESC loop 600 to compensate if an actuator saturation condition is present in plant 624. Manipulated variable updater 616 produces an updated manipulated variable 620 based upon the performance gradient and any compensation provided by actuator saturation compensator 614. In an exemplary embodiment, manipulated variable updater 616 includes an integrator to drive the performance gradient to zero. Manipulated variable updater 616 then provides an updated manipulated variable 620 to plant 624 via output interface 606.
Referring to FIG. 4B, a block diagram of an extremum seeking control loop with a plurality of measurements and configured to limit the effects of actuator saturation is shown, according to an exemplary embodiment. ESC loop 601 contains many of the functions and structures of ESC loop 600 (FIG. 4A), but utilizes a plurality of measurements 622 to determine a performance index. Controller 603 receives measurements 622 from plant 600 via input interface 604. A performance index is calculated by performance index calculator 610 using measurements 622. The performance index is a mathematical representation of the system performance of ESC loop 601 using measurements 622. Performance gradient probe 612 receives the performance index from performance index calculator 610 to detect the performance gradient. Actuator saturation compensator 614 then adjusts ESC loop 601 if an actuator saturation condition is present in plant 624. Manipulated variable updater 616 produces an updated manipulated variable 620 based upon the performance gradient and any compensation provided by actuator saturation compensator 614. In an exemplary embodiment, manipulated variable updater 616 includes an integrator to drive the performance gradient to zero. Manipulated variable updater 616 then provides an updated manipulated variable 620 to plant 624 via output interface 606. Referring to FIG. 5A, a flow diagram is shown of a process 719 for limiting the effects of an actuator saturation condition in an ESC loop, according to an exemplary embodiment. In this embodiment, extremum seeking control is provided to a plant in step 720. During extremum seeking control, the ESC controller distinguishes between a state in which the actuator is saturated and a state in which the actuator is not saturated (step 722). In an exemplary embodiment, step 722 can be achieved by comparing the manipulated variable designated by the extremum seeking control strategy to a range of control signals that correspond to the physical range of actuator positions. For example, the extremum seeking controller may contain a memory module that stores information on the physical limits of the actuator. In another exemplary embodiment, the controller can be configured to receive input data from a position sensor that provides data on the position of the actuator to detect an actuator saturation condition. If an actuator saturation condition is detected, the saturation condition is removed and the control loop is updated (step 724). The saturation condition can be removed by reducing the control parameters sent to the actuator to those within the range corresponding to the physical limits of operation for the actuator. Alternatively, the control system can be turned off for a period of time if an actuator saturation condition is detected. Turning the control system off and on again can have the effect of reinitializing the ESC loop, thereby preventing the integrator from continuing to wind up.
FIG. 5B is a flow diagram of a process 700 for preventing and/or limiting the effects of an actuator saturation condition of an ESC loop. Process 700 is shown to include receiving a measurement from the plant (step 702). A plant in control theory is the combination of a process and an actuator. In an exemplary embodiment, the algorithm for the extremum seeking system utilizes a single input measurement from the plant. The algorithm may also have a plurality of input measurements. In an exemplary embodiment for an HVAC system, measurements may include inputs from temperature sensors, humidity sensors, air flow sensors, damper positioning sensors or may reflect power consumption. Process 700 is further shown to include probing for a performance gradient (step 706). In an exemplary embodiment, probing for a performance gradient may entail using a dither signal and demodulation signal in the closed-loop system to determine the performance gradient. Process 700 further includes utilizing an integrator to drive the performance gradient to zero (step 708). An actuator saturation condition is then detected and the condition is removed (step 710), altering the manipulated variable that is passed to the plant (step 712).
In FIG. 5C, a flow diagram of a process 800 for limiting the effects of an actuator saturation condition of an ESC loop using feedback from the actuator is shown, according to an exemplary embodiment. In this embodiment, no logical determination is necessary to detect the presence of an actuator saturation condition because a feedback loop automatically corrects for this condition. Process 800 includes the steps characteristic of an extremum seeking controller including: receiving a measurement from the plant (step 702), probing for a performance gradient (step 706), using an integrator to drive the gradient to zero (step 708) and updating the manipulated variable to the plant (step 712). Steps 702, 706, 708 and 712 can be performed in the same manner as outlined for process 700 in FIG. 5B. Process 800 further includes calculating the difference between the input and output signals to the actuator (step 812). The difference between the input and output signals to the actuator remains zero unless the actuator is saturated. Process 800 is further shown to pass the resulting difference signal from step 812 into an amplifier (step 814). The amplified difference signal from step 812 is then passed back to step 708 and combined with the output of step 706 to form a new input to the integrator of step 708 (step 816). This prevents the integrator in step 708 from winding up and the extremum system from becoming unable to adapt to changes in the optimum operating condition. In FIG. 6, a filtering ESC loop 970 configured to limit the effects of an actuator saturation condition is shown, according to an exemplary embodiment. Filtering extremum seeking controls determine a performance gradient through the use of a high-pass filter, a demodulation signal, a low-pass filter, and a dither signal. An integrator is used to drive the performance gradient to zero in order to optimize the closed-loop system. In an exemplary embodiment, filtering ESC loop 970 utilizes a feedback loop in order to limit the effects of an actuator saturation condition. Plant 951 can be represented mathematically as a combination of linear input dynamics 950, nonlinear performance map 952, and linear output dynamics 954. The actual mathematical model for plant 951 does not need to be known in order to apply ESC and is illustrative only. Input dynamics 950 produce a function signal 'x' which is passed to nonlinear performance map 952. The output of the performance map 952 is then passed to output dynamics 954 to provide an output signal 'z'. ESC loop 970 seeks to find a value for 'x' that minimizes the output of the performance map 952, thereby also minimizing output signal 'z'. As an illustrative example only, output signal 'z' may be represented as the expression: z = f(x) = (x - xopt)2 + 2 where f(x) represents the performance map and xopt represents the value at which f(x) is minimized. The actual representative formula of a performance map in an ESC loop is system and application specific. Output signal 'z' is passed through linear output dynamics 954 to produce signal "z"', which is received by the extremum seeking controller. A performance gradient signal is produced by first perturbing the system by adding dither signal 966 to ESC loop 970 at processing element 959. The return signal "z"' is then used to detect the performance gradient through the use of high-pass filter 956, a demodulation signal 958 combined with (e.g., multiplied by) the output of high-pass filter 956 at processing element 957, and low-pass filter 960. The performance gradient is a function of the difference between 'x' and 'xopt'- The gradient signal is provided as an input to integrator 964 to drive the gradient to zero, thereby optimizing ESC loop 970. Feedback from actuator block 968 has been added to ESC loop 970 to limit the effects of an actuator saturation condition. The difference between the input and output signals for the actuator controlled by ESC loop 970 is calculated at processing element 971. Actuator block 968 is representative of the input and output signals for the actuator. In an exemplary embodiment, processing element 971 computes the difference between the signal sent to the actuator and a measurement taken at the actuator that is indicative of the physical output of the actuator. The difference signal produced by processing element 971 is then amplified by a gain 972 and added to the input of integrator 964 at processing element 962, thereby limiting the input to integrator 964 and preventing the integrator from winding up. In another exemplary embodiment, processing element 971 is implemented as software and compares the signal outputted to the actuator to a stored range of values corresponding to the physical limits of the actuator.
In FIG. 7, an ESC loop 76 to control an AHU is shown, in an exemplary embodiment. ESC loop 76 has been adapted to compensate for an actuator saturation condition using feedback from actuator 850. The AHU includes a temperature regulator 80, a temperature regulator system controller 90, a damper actuator 850 and damper 852. Temperature regulator 80 may be any mechanism used to alter air temperature. This may include, but is not limited to, cooling coils, heating coils, steam regulators, chilled water regulators or air compressors. In an exemplary embodiment, temperature regulator 80 lowers the temperature of the air. Temperature regulator system controller 90 maintains a supply air temperature at a setpoint 92 by adjusting the position of chilled water valve 446 of cooling coil 444 (FIG. 2). Actuator 850 maintains the damper 852 to provide between 0% and 100% outside air.
A control loop consisting of temperature regulator system controller 90, temperature regulator 80, and temperature sensor 480 controls the amount of mechanical cooling in the AHU, according to an exemplary embodiment. Temperature regulator system controller 90 receives a setpoint supply air temperature 92 from a supervisory controller 404 (FIG. 2), according to an exemplary embodiment. Temperature regulator system controller 90 also receives measurements from temperature sensor 480, which measures the temperature of the air supplied by the AHU to the building. Temperature regulator system controller 90 compares the setpoint temperature to the measured temperature and adjusts the amount of mechanical cooling provided by temperature regulator 80 to achieve the setpoint supply air temperature 92.
ESC loop 76 is connected to the temperature regulator control loop in order to control damper 852, which regulates the amount of outdoor air into the AHU. In an exemplary embodiment, ESC loop 76 determines an optimum setting for actuator 850 in order to maximize the use of outdoor air for cooling, thereby minimizing the power consumption of the temperature regulator 80. The performance gradient for ESC loop 76 is detected through the combination of a dither signal 62 added to ESC loop 76 at processing element 67, high pass filter 86, a demodulator 69 that uses demodulation signal 60, and low pass filter 64. Integrator 98 serves to drive the detected gradient to zero. Control parameters from integrator 98 are passed on to actuator 850 to regulate damper 852, thereby controlling the amount of outside air utilized by the AHU. The outside air and/or air from other sources (e.g. return air) is combined with the air treated by temperature regulator 80 and provided to the zone serviced by the AHU. Temperature sensor 480 measures the air supplied by the AHU and provides temperature information to temperature regulator system controller 90.
The effects of an actuator saturation condition in ESC loop 76 are limited using feedback from the input and output signals to actuator 850. The difference between the input and output signals to actuator 850 is calculated by processing element 68. The difference signal that results from the operation at processing element 68 remains zero unless the damper actuator 850 becomes saturated. The difference signal is then amplified by amplifier 66 and fed back into the input of integrator 98 at processing element 96, thereby limiting the input to integrator 98 and preventing integrator 98 from winding up. Preventing integrator windup also prevents ESC loop 76 from becoming unable to adapt to changes in the optimal setting for actuator 850. It should be appreciated that the functions of ESC loop 76 can be implemented as an electronic circuit or as software stored within a digital processing circuit.
Referring now to FIG. 8, a diagram of a control system for an AHU configured to limit the effects of an actuator saturation condition is shown, according to an exemplary embodiment. AHU controller 410 receives a temperature setpoint from supervisory controller 404. The temperature setpoint is used to drive a control loop including a temperature regulator system controller 90, a temperature regulator system 952 and a temperature sensor 480. Temperature regulator system controller 90 compares the temperature measured by temperature sensor 480 to that of the setpoint temperature provided by supervisory controller 404. A temperature regulator command signal is then sent from control 90 to temperature regulator system 952 to provide mechanical heating or cooling to drive the temperature of the air supplied by the AHU to that of the setpoint. AHU controller 410 also contains an ESC loop 860 to control the position of outdoor air damper 852 via actuator 850. ESC loop 860 is coupled to the temperature regulator control loop in order to minimize the power consumption of the temperature regulator system 952. In an exemplary embodiment, ESC loop 860 searches for a setting for the damper opening that minimizes the power consumed by temperature regulator system 952 by making use of outdoor air. A performance gradient probe 862 detects a difference between the optimal settings for damper 852 and the current settings for damper 852. In an exemplary embodiment, performance gradient probe 862 utilizes a high pass filter, a demodulation signal, a low pass filter and a dither signal to detect the performance gradient. Integration of the gradient produces an actuator command signal to drive the actuator 850 to its optimal setting. Actuator 850 receives the actuator command signal and regulates damper 852, controlling the flow of outside air into the AHU. The effects of an actuator saturation condition are limited in AHU controller 410 by computing the difference between the actuator command signal sent from integrator 98 and the output of actuator 850. The output of actuator 850 is fed back to ESC loop 860 and combined with the actuator command signal at element 68. Element 68 performs the mathematical operation of subtracting the actuator command signal from the actuator feedback signal. The difference signal produced by element 68 is then amplified by a gain at amplifier 66 and added to the input to integrator 98 at processing element 96. If the damper actuator 850 is saturated, the difference signal is nonzero, limiting the input to integrator 98 to prevent integrator windup. Referring to FIG. 9, a block diagram of the controller 410 in FIG. 8 is shown, according to an exemplary embodiment. Controller 410 is shown to include a processing circuit 418. Processing circuit 418 is shown to include processor 414 and memory 416. Processing circuit 418 may be communicably coupled with fan control output 456, chilled water valve output 454, heating valve output 452, actuator command 458, temperature input 450 and communications port 412. According to various exemplary embodiments, processing circuit 418 may be a general purpose processor, an application specific processor, a circuit containing one or more processing components, a group of distributed processing components, a group of distributed computers configured for processing, etc. Processor 414 may be or include any number of components for conducting data processing and/or signal processing.
Memory 416 (e.g., memory unit, memory device, storage device, etc.) may be one or more devices for storing data and/or computer code for completing and/or facilitating the various processes described in the present disclosure, including that of using extremum seeking logic to control an AHU. Memory 416 may include a volatile memory and/or a non-volatile memory. Memory 416 may include database components, object code components, script components, and/or any other type of information structure for supporting the various activities described in the present disclosure. According to an exemplary embodiment, any distributed and/or local memory device of the past, present, or future may be utilized with the systems and methods of this disclosure. According to an exemplary embodiment, memory 416 is communicably connected to processor 414 (e.g., via a circuit or other connection) and includes computer code for executing one or more processes described herein. Memory 416 may include various data regarding the operation of a control loop (e.g., previous setpoints, previous behavior patterns regarding energy used to adjust a current value to a setpoint, etc.).
In an exemplary embodiment, the functions of controller 410, as depicted in FIG. 8, may be implemented as software stored within memory 416 of processing circuit 418. Supervisory controller 404 provides a setpoint to controller 410 through communication port 412. Temperature sensor 480 (FIG. 8) provides temperature input 450 to controller 410, which compares the measured temperature to the setpoint temperature. In an exemplary embodiment, a temperature regulator command is sent to chilled water valve output 454 to cool the air within the AHU. Extremum seeking control strategy 860 can be used to control actuator 850 for damper 852 via actuator command 458. In an exemplary embodiment, feedback from the actuator can be achieved through the use of a physical signal received from a damper position sensor. In another exemplary embodiment, memory 416 can store information on the physical limits for actuator 850 to detect an actuator saturation condition. In yet another exemplary embodiment, detection of an actuator saturation condition may cause the input to the integrator 98 to be limited (FIG. 8). In FIG. 10, a flow diagram of a process 1000 for limiting the effects of an actuator saturation condition in an extremum seeking control loop for an AHU is shown, according to an exemplary embodiment. In an exemplary embodiment, process 1000 can be implemented as software stored within the memory of AHU controller 410. In another exemplary embodiment, process 1000 can be implemented as an analog circuit. Process 1000 includes the steps characteristic of an extremum seeking control strategy including: receiving a measurement from the temperature regulator control loop (step 1002), probing for a performance gradient (step 1006), using an integrator to drive the gradient to zero (step 1008) and updating the manipulated variable sent to the damper actuator (step 1010). Process 1000 further includes calculating the difference between the input and output signals to the actuator (step 1012). The difference between the input and output signals to the actuator remains zero unless the actuator is saturated. Process 1000 is further shown to pass the resulting difference signal from step 1012 into an amplifier (step 1014). The amplified difference signal from step 1014 is then passed back to step 1008 and combined with the output of step 1006 to form a new input to step 1008. This prevents the integrator in step 1008 from winding up and the extremum system from becoming unable to adapt to changes in the optimum operating condition.
Z = f(x) = (x - Xopt) + 2 where f(x) represents the performance map and xopt represents the value at which f(x) is minimized. The derivative of 'z' is then taken with respect to time at differentiator 908 and used as an input to a flip-flop based control 910 with some hysteresis. The flip-flop of circuit 910 is configured such that the change over associated with a negative value of the output derivative causes the flip-flop to change states. In one embodiment, a J-K flip-flop can be used with the hysteresis output driving the clock of the flip-flop. The output of circuit 910 is then integrated by integrator 912 and fed to the actuator of plant 903. Saturation block 914 mathematically represents the actuator of plant 903 with an input corresponding to the manipulated variable produced by ESC loop 922 and an output corresponding to the output of the actuator.
The effects of an actuator saturation condition at saturation block 914 are limited through the use of a feedback loop. The difference between the input and output signals for saturation block 914 is calculated at processing element 916. The difference signal is then amplified by a gain 918 and combined with the input to integrator 912 at processing element 920 to prevent wind-up in integrator 912.
In this example, the relationship between the damper openings is such that ESC can be used to optimize the control of any damper, because optimization of one damper opening leads to the optimization of all damper openings.
In yet another exemplary embodiment, one or more dampers may have fixed positions while other damper openings are variable and interrelated. In this embodiment, the damper positions for dampers 460, 462, and 464 may be as follows: θout = 1, θex = manipulated variable from the ESC, and θre = 1 - θex In this example, the ESC is used to optimize the control of damper 460 to minimize the power consumption of the AHU, while outdoor air inlet damper 464 remains fully open and damper 462 varies based on damper 460. ESC can therefore be used to optimize any combination of fixed position dampers and interrelated variable position dampers in an AHU, where ESC is used to control one or more of the variable position dampers. ESC can also directly control more than one damper at a time. For example, multiple ESC controllers may be used to control a plurality of independent dampers. Alternatively, a single ESC controller with multiple inputs can be used to regulate a plurality of independent dampers. The dampers in an AHU controlled by the extremum seeking control strategy may include, but are not limited to, outside air inlet dampers, recirculation air dampers, exhaust dampers, or a combination thereof. Embodiments within the scope of the present disclosure include program products comprising machine-readable media for carrying or having machine-executable instructions or data structures stored thereon. Such machine-readable media can be any available media that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer or other machine with a processor. By way of example, such machine-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of machine-executable instructions or data structures and which can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer or other machine with a processor. When information is transferred or provided over a network or another communications connection (either hardwired, wireless, or a combination of hardwired or wireless) to a machine, the machine properly views the connection as a machine-readable medium. Thus, any such connection is properly termed a machine-readable medium. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of machine-readable media. Machine-executable instructions comprise, for example, instructions and data which cause a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or special purpose processing machines to perform a certain function or group of functions.
It should be noted that although the figures may show a specific order of method steps, the order of the steps may differ from what is depicted. Also two or more steps may be performed concurrently or with partial concurrence. Such variations will depend on the software and hardware systems chosen and on designer choice. All such variations are within the scope of the disclosure. Likewise, software implementations could be accomplished with standard programming techniques with rule based logic and other logic to accomplish the various connection steps, processing steps, comparison steps and decision steps.
1. A method for optimizing a control process for an actuator, the method comprising: operating the control process using an extremum seeking control strategy; and using an electronics circuit to compensate for an actuator saturation condition of the extremum seeking control strategy.
2. The method as recited in Claim 1, further comprising: receiving a feedback signal from the actuator; comparing the feedback signal to a control signal sent to the actuator; subtracting the control signal from the feedback signal to obtain a difference signal; amplifying the difference signal to exaggerate the difference signal; and providing the amplified difference signal to an input of the extremum seeking control strategy to override previously determined optimum control parameters.
3. The method as recited in Claim 2, further comprising: receiving the amplified difference signal at the input of the extremum seeking control strategy; and providing the amplified difference signal to an integrator configured to reduce a performance gradient.
4. The method as recited in Claim 1, further comprising: actively distinguishing the actuator saturation condition from a state in which the actuator is not saturated.
5. The method as recited in Claim 4, further comprising: resetting the extremum seeking control strategy when the actuator saturation condition is actively distinguished.
6. The method as recited in Claim 1, further comprising: retrieving physical boundaries for the actuator from memory; and detecting the actuator saturation condition using the physical boundaries.
7. A controller for controlling an actuator, the controller comprising: a processing circuit configured to operate the plant using an extremum seeking control strategy and to compensate for an actuator saturation condition of the extremum seeking control strategy.
8. The controller of Claim 7, further comprising: an input configured to receive a feedback signal from the actuator; and an output configured to send a control signal to the actuator; wherein the processing circuit is further configured to subtract the control signal from the feedback signal to obtain a difference signal and wherein the processing circuit is further configured to provide the difference signal to logic of the processing circuit for providing the extremum seeking control strategy, the difference signal to override previously determined optimal control parameters.
9. The controller of Claim 8, further comprising: amplifying the difference signal prior to providing the difference signal to the logic of the processing circuit for providing the extremum seeking control strategy.
10. The controller of Claim 8, wherein the logic of the processing circuit for providing the extremum seeking control strategy comprises an integrator configured to reduce a performance gradient, and wherein the integrator is configured to receive the difference signal as an input.
11. The controller of Claim 8, wherein the processing circuit is further configured to actively distinguish the actuator saturation condition from a state in which the actuator is not saturated.
12. The controller of Claim 11, wherein the processing circuit is further configured to reset the extremum seeking control strategy when the actuator saturation condition is actively distinguished.
13. The controller of Claim 8, wherein the processing circuit further comprises: memory storing physical boundary information for the actuator; wherein the processing circuit is configured to retrieve the physical boundary information from memory and to detect the actuator saturation condition using the retrieved physical boundary information.
14. The controller of Claim 8, wherein the processing circuit comprises a processor and a memory device communicably coupled to the processor, the memory device storing computer code for operating the plant using the extremum seeking control strategy and computer code for compensating for the actuator saturation condition of the extremum seeking control strategy.
15. A controller configured for use with an air handling unit having a temperature regulator and a damper effected by an actuator, the controller comprising: a processing circuit configured to: provide a first control signal to the temperature regulator, the first control signal based upon a setpoint; provide a second control signal to the actuator, the second control signal determined by an extremum seeking control loop; and adjust the extremum seeking control loop to compensate for an actuator saturation condition. | 2019-04-20T09:40:51Z | https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2009012269A2/en | Porn | Science | 0.210824 |
wordpress | Container City™ is an innovative and highly versatile system that provides stylish and affordable accommodation for a range of uses.
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This modular technology enables construction times and cost to be reduced by up to half that of traditional building techniques while remaining significantly more environmentally friendly.
To date Urban Space Management Ltd has successfully used the Container City™ system to create office space, retail space, artist studios, a nursery, youth centres and live / work space.
This low cost approach to housing needs has been commended by both government and private sectors alike, and in 2005 the Fawood Children’s Centre was shortlisted for the RIBA Stirling Prize.
via Container Cityâ„¢ | Introduction.
8 eye-catching shipping container homes: A new kind of living | MNN – Mother Nature Network. | 2019-04-19T03:23:34Z | https://ekovillage.wordpress.com/tag/homes/ | Porn | Business | 0.548184 |
wordpress | You are currently browsing the daily archive for May 26, 2010.
It’s won a ton of awards, including Tribeca’s New York Award which seems odd since it paints the city in a not so great light, (besides it’s beacon of freedom for an immigrant Serbian couple), and after watching Tamo i ovde [Here and There] for myself, I can see why. It is a sweet story about one man’s washed up and defeated life, finding purpose where he’d least expect it. Down-on-his-luck, bitter, depressed, and all around cantankerous in his antisocial indifference, David Thornton’s Robert looks like he is one hour away from jumping off the Brooklyn Bridge, ending his misery once and for all. Evicted, unable to play the saxophone that’s been his meal ticket all his adulthood, and tossed to the curb by his one and only friend, (a quick cameo from his real life wife Cyndi Lauper), not even running into an old acquaintance can shake him from his daze. It’s the city that never sleeps and has obviously finished its need for Robert, relegating him to the streets in search of money and a place to stay. Who knew a Serbian furniture mover working alone out of his van could supply both?
The proposition is as follows: Robert goes to Serbia, acquires five thousand dollars for his troubles, and marries Branko’s (Branislav Trifunovic) girlfriend, allowing her to enter the American embassy for a spousal visa to come to NYC for a reunion with her love. Robert has nothing better to do and one short hour helping his new friend move couches proves the manual labor route isn’t in the cards, so a handshake later sees him getting off a plane in Belgrade—a city in turmoil and obviously behind the times in many ways, but also appearing to have some of the kindest citizens around, each in awe of and in need to befriend the new American in town. Cranky and impolite, he stays with Branko’s mother Olga (Mirjana Karanovic), scolding her for taking his clothes rather than thanking her for cleaning them, and goes about town with Ivana (Jelena Mrdja) as she readies for the marriage that will set her free. While this is all happening, however, Branko is still in New York looking to work as many jobs as possible to pay the fee before the wedding date. His van gets stolen and he unfortunately puts trust into a Spanish mechanic looking to make some quick cash. Misery sure likes company and the Robert/Branko duo has it in spades.
Here and There soon becomes writer/director Darko Lungulov’s Hallmark card to both NYC and Serbia, allowing two young lovers the dream of American living and one man stuck in a perpetual mid-life crisis the opportunity to get away and start fresh. Both stories become interweaved as we see Robert opening up and discovering the beauty and compassion in Olga as well as the exuberant neighborhood locals while Branko begins to fall into a dark hole, desperate to do whatever it takes to ensure Ivana safe passage to him. The mover starts to look for a new van so business can get back on track, his fiancé hoping to appeal to Robert’s humanity to fulfill his side of the agreement—a trait I don’t think anyone could see inhabiting his dejected visage of self-pity. Somehow, though, Olga breaks through with her unabashed kindness, generously giving to this stranger based on the simple fact he is a friend of her son’s, a boy she hopes is finding the joy he seeks. New York is filled to the brim with selfish parasites, including Robert after we watch him blowing off an old friend genuinely happy to see him; despite the suffering around them, Belgrade is conversely occupied by an optimistic and charitable public.
These Serbians are the highlight of the film, though. Trifunovic’s escapades in New York are fun and heartbreaking at the same time, but used somewhat as an after-thought to mirror Robert’s own trials in the Balkans. Branko meets a man he assumes to be kind and trustworthy, only to find that stereotypical American looking to play any angle he can. Juxtaposing that with the flirtatious corner store employee hitting on Robert to take her away with him back to New York and the jolly Tosha Rajkovic shows how much both sides take for granted. Tosha is played by Fedja Stojanovic with an over-abundant fervor for life, befriending this stranger, one who initially wanted to get away before soon finding someone willing to take him in without question. Sure Tosha uses his proximity for introductions as ‘my American friend’, but there is more to the relationship than solely an ego trip. Robert is involved in the lives of his neighbors and therefore worthy of Tosha’s time and interest. His is the role epitomizing the film’s quest to show what a full life actually holds—love and optimism.
But the film is ultimately a portrait of one man’s redemption against all odds, including his own self-destructive nature. In that regard, Thornton is pretty great as the lead character, always sour in his disposition, but constantly surprising us at the same time once he discovers good times may still be ahead. His muse for that revelation is Karanovic’s Olga, a teacher willing to do anything for her son. The performance singles itself out with its full spectrum of emotion from unsure kindness to a willing partner in love to the one person in position to give all parties what they need for happiness, at the sacrifice of her own of course. Thornton may make his mark with the gradual evolution of character, but Karanovic shines bright as the constant maternal voice, strong and confident, knowing when all was said and done, she’d still have her flowers on the terrace begging for her voice in song to make them vibrant. Olga not only waters those plants, but also each and every person her life touches. | 2019-04-25T23:58:19Z | https://jaredmobarakreviews.wordpress.com/2010/05/26/ | Porn | Recreation | 0.420365 |
wikipedia | John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, OM (12 November 1842 – 30 June 1919) was an English Physicist. He won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1904. He discovered argon and Rayleigh scattering.
This page was last changed on 3 September 2018, at 08:17. | 2019-04-24T18:06:38Z | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Strutt,_3rd_Baron_Rayleigh | Porn | Science | 0.981534 |