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All the rumors have finally died down and many skeptics have tightened their lips, the iPod does support video format now on its fifth generation. While the iPod is not the first to come up with this, it has certainly made its stature as the greatest in the market and can be dubbed as the best multimedia portable player available. With its popularity and iconesque standing, the iPod has made sharing videos easier. You don’t need to be lugging around different equipments for your music, your notes, your photos and your videos. You can have the standard where every other portable multimedia players are gauged to and not need anything else. Video playback capabilities have made it a complete multi media equipment, but not all formats are supported just yet. So if you want to put your videos in your iPod you have to make sure that they are in a supported format. But don’t worry, you can convert your videos into the supported format so you can still upload and watch it in your iPod video. All it takes is a special software that is programmed to do the conversion act. This is a program generally dubbed as a video converter for the iPod. The Converter iPod Video is a very good video converter suitable for your iPod and its needs. It offers a simple and comprehensive way on how to convert all of the popular video formats to iPod video, like transforming AVI to iPod, Mpeg to iPod and WMV to iPod. Not only that, this also features the ability to transfer audio files with WAV, MP2 etc. to iPod supported with mp3 configurations. All the conversions procedures are very speedy and simple to do. And the product of this video conversion is supported by the iPod system requirements and configurations so you can enjoy watching your favorite movies, home movies, music videos and whatever it is you desire on your iPod player. There are numerous converters for the iPod video available in the internet. Each of them offers their own special features for a minimal price. The following are some of the general features of a converter video iPod which all of the iPod enthusiasts and fanatics should know: 1. This software has the capacity to transfer AVI in to the iPod file. You are able to convert AVI to iPod format that is supported by the video file. There are many set ups which you can use to attain an excellent video and audio quality. 2. The software is also capable of WMV conversion The converter iPod video is a WMV converter too that makes it possible to transfer WMV to iPod. 3. It can transfer mpeg, mov, mp4 and asf file The converter ipod video is also mpeg and mp4 converter. It has the ability to transfer mpeg file, mp4 and asf into the iPod. This software supports all famous formats to iPod and removing audio from video and transfer it to iPod supported mp3 file format. There are also many settings that can be used to attain an excellent quality of conversion. 4. This software also supports batch conversion By simply choosing the files that you want to transfer, the converter iPod video will automatically program those, regardless even if the files have a different format. 5. It is also is preview-supported The user has the option to preview the input files before converting. 6. It can also convert clips and segments The software allows the user to choose the start point and intervals from a whole file. 7. It has a first class quality result You can get high quality videos and not lose any of the quality in the process of conversion. Many of these softwares are available for a free trial period. You can check out which one would be best suitable for you and your video conversion needs. As soon as you have tried them out, you can finally choose which one to buy and get full access to the other features.

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Adviser links: serving Boomers 1 week ago 1 MIN READ Terms and Conditions This content, which contains security-related opinions and/or information, is provided for informational purposes only and should not be relied upon in any manner as professional advice, or an endorsement of any practices, products or services. There can be no guarantees or assurances that the views expressed here will be applicable for any particular facts or circumstances, and should not be relied upon in any manner. You should consult your own advisers as to legal, business, tax, and other related matters concerning any investment. The commentary in this “post” (including any related blog, podcasts, videos, and social media) reflects the personal opinions, viewpoints, and analyses of the Ritholtz Wealth Management employees providing such comments, and should not be regarded the views of Ritholtz Wealth Management LLC. or its respective affiliates or as a description of advisory services provided by Ritholtz Wealth Management or performance returns of any Ritholtz Wealth Management Investments client. References to any securities or digital assets, or performance data, are for illustrative purposes only and do not constitute an investment recommendation or offer to provide investment advisory services. Charts and graphs provided within are for informational purposes solely and should not be relied upon when making any investment decision. Past performance is not indicative of future results. The content speaks only as of the date indicated. Any projections, estimates, forecasts, targets, prospects, and/or opinions expressed in these materials are subject to change without notice and may differ or be contrary to opinions expressed by others. Please see disclosures here.

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“Alku”, the opening track from Tuuletar’s debut album “tules maas vedes taivaal” has been sold for the use of one of the most popular tv-series in the whole world, HBO’s Game of Thrones. The song will be heard in the season 7 DVD and Blue-Ray commercial, which will be broadcasted worldwide. The deal was made together with Finnish record label Bafe’s Factory and ThinkSync Music from London. Tuuletar has been nominated in the category of “Folk Music Songwriter of the Year” (awarded by Elvis – The Finnish Society of Composers and Lyricists) in the Finnish Ethnogala! Other nominated artists on the same category are amazing Anne-Mari Hakamäki and Pekko Käppi K:H:H:L. Ethnogala is taking place at Tavastia Club, Helsinki on the 7th November 2017. (read more: https://kansanmusiikki.fi/ethnogala) Great news! Acknowledged RARB (The Recorded A Cappella Review Board) reviewed the new single “Uho” and gave it 4/5! Read the review here: REVIEWS Tuuletar is currently touring in Germany. The tour is organized by Deutsche-Finnische Gesellschaft and it contains 11 concerts and one full day workshop, all in different cities and venues. The tour also includes three major festival concerts in Bremen Jazzahead!, Hannover A Cappella Woche and Greifswald Nordischer Klang. The tour is part of Finland 100 -project year that refers to Finland celebrating 100 years of independence. Tuuletar has won a prestigious Emma Award at the Finnish Music Awards for their debut album “Tules Maas Vedes Taivaal” (Bafe’s Factory). The album won in the “Ethno”-category, that celebrates best folk and world music releases. Emma-gala is the biggest annual award show in the Finnish music business. Tuuletar, SAURA Booking Agency and Bafe’s Factory. Read more here (in Finnish)! Read more here. Tuuletar will be doing a special Christmas tour in collaboration with a well-known Finnish pop singer Pete Parkkonen. The tour is organised by Warner Music and will be featuring 4 concerts in total. The concerts will be in Ylivieska, Pyhäjärvi, Sievi and Pihtipudas in between the 14th and 19th of December. The tickets for the concerts can be purchased via lippu.fi Pete Parkkonen & Tuuletar – Kaunis joulu (Beautiful Christmas) Tuuletar and their debut album “Tules Maas Vedes Taivaal” (Bafe’s Factory) receives great reviews from The Recorded A Cappella Review Board (RARB) from USA. Reviewers Jonathan Minkoff, Catherine Lewis and Justus Schmidt all gave their roses for the album and the band for the originality, creativity, sound and energy. “Tules Maas Vedes Taivaal is a golden opportunity for the world to finally enjoy Tuuletar’s rare and very original gifts.” – Jonathan Minkoff Read the whole review here Tuuletar has been invited to perform in Japan in December. The prestigious Plankton -organization has set 6 concerts for Tuuletar during Christmas 2016. Tuuletar will be traveling to Tokyo the 20th of December for a press conference and will perform in Roppongi Hills -venue the 23th, 24th and 25th of December.

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Fits well, lightweight but warm, great colour and good zips. The jacket is beautiful. Really well finished. Colours are what I expected. It's thin but keeps body warm. The only disadvantage is that the sleeves are too long for me. But everything else is perfect. This is my first lightweight down jacket. I was more than surprised/happy with how it was the on my first bikepacking trip. Would definitely recommend.

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Connect with millions of users from all over the world. Take a playful break from the real world and join the fun in creating your avatar, chatting with friends, and sharing photos of all your IMVU moments. Get IMVU Credits to customize your avatar with new clothes, hair, accessories - over 60 million choices in the IMVU catalog! Dress to impress, a great outfit gets the conversation going. IMVU prepaid card is redeemable at www.imvu.com/prepaidcard This card is valid for the purchase of IMVU Credits or VIP membership only. To redeem this card, you must have a valid IMVU avatar account and be 13 years of age or older. No refunds or exchanges allowed. Risk of loss and title for card passes to purchaser on transfer. IMVU is not responsible for any loss or damage resulting from lost or stolen cards or use without permission. Use of this card constitutes acceptance of full terms and conditions found at www.imvu.com/next/store/ppc_tac/ Login to your existing account or create a new account. Go to www.imvu.com/prepaidcard Enter code below exactly as shown. Click on "Redeem Now".

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With Star Wars: The Force Awakens coming to theaters soon we wanted to take a moment here at Vidar to address one of the oft-contested issues with Star Wars. Yes, we’re setting aside discussions of business formation and commercial litigation issues in the law and other concepts we regularly address to talk about Han Solo shooting first. Or more accurately, the legal and by association moral implications of that action. In a recent article on Entertainment Weekly’s website, Star Wars creator George Lucas defends his changing of the scene where Han and green-skinned Rodian bounty hunter Greedo shoot it out in the cantina in Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope. Particularly he says he changed it because Han shouldn’t be a “cold-blooded murderer” and should be more like John Wayne in various Westerns, giving people a chance to shoot him first before he shot back. George Lucas seems to believe that John Wayne, Han Solo, or any other movie hero must wait to take a shot until the bullets or blaster bolts are already flying. To do otherwise, according to Mr. Lucus, would be “cold-blooded“ murder. Setting aside the questionable cinematic scholarship of Mr. Lucas’ accounting of the actions of John Wayne’s movie cowboys[i], this belief really doesn’t match up to what people consider “self-defense” and justifiable homicide. The US Model Penal Code, used as a model for criminal statutes in many states has this to say about self-defense: “Use of Force Justifiable for Protection of the Person. Subject to the provisions of this Section and of Section 3.09, the use of force upon or toward another person is justifiable when the actor believes that such force is immediately necessary for the purpose of protecting himself against the use of unlawful force by such other person on the present occasion.”[ii] In other words you don’t need to wait until someone tries to shoot you. It’s not heroic or “good”, it’s just really risky. Instead you’re allowed to use force to defend yourself if it’s reasonable to believe that such force is necessary to save yourself. But that’s just regular force, what about killing? Well…the Code goes on to say: “b) The use of deadly force is not justifiable under this Section unless the actor believes that such force is necessary to protect himself against death, serious bodily harm, kidnapping or sexual intercourse compelled by force or threat; nor is it justifiable if: (i) the actor, with the purpose of causing death or serious bodily harm, provoked the use of force against himself in the same encounter; or (ii) the actor knows that he can avoid the necessity of using such force with complete safety by retreating or by surrendering possession of a thing to a person asserting a claim of right thereto or by complying with a demand that he abstain from any action which he has no duty to take…”[iii] In other words, you can’t provoke someone into an action just so you can kill them first and claim self-defense. Also, if there was something you could give up that the other person wanted that you knew would end the conflict without violence? You shouldn’t kill them over it and expect to claim self-defense. Similar definitions exist in various states and in nations worldwide. People may define things differently, but generally if you think someone is going to kill you, you didn’t start it, and you took reasonable steps to avoid not getting killed? You’re considered to be acting in self-defense.[iv] Now, let’s look at the scenario. Greedo has a gun on Han, Han has his pistol out under the table but hasn’t shot yet. After saying if he’s lucky Jabba[v] will only take his ship, Han quips “Over my dead body.” Greedo says “That’s the idea. I’ve been looking forward to this for a long time.” Han then replies “Yes, I bet you have.” Now at this point two things happen depending on which version of the film you’ve seen. In the original, Han shoots Greedo. In the special editions this scene is changed so that Greedo fires wildly (despite being two feet away) and Han shoots him after. This distinction is important to Lucas, who maintains the former scenario makes one a murderer, while the latter is self-defense. In his view, you need to give someone a chance to shoot a hypersonic or near-light projectile at you before you can return fire with moral and legal authority. Yeah, that difference? Not so much for most people. Greedo has a gun on Han and is waxing poetic[vi] about killing him and making it clear he’s going to do just that. If Han shoots him instead of getting shot? That’s justifiable. If he for some strange reason decides to let Greedo shoot at him first and then shoots him? Still justifiable, but not very sensible as that extra step of getting shot at is wholly unnecessary. In other words, when a green alien shoves a blaster in your face and says how much he’s looking forward to killing you? It’s okay to shoot him before he pulls the trigger. There are a lot of gray area cases with self-defense in real life and the movies—this really isn’t one of them. So with all respect to Mr. Lucas, his view just doesn’t hold up, legally speaking. He might not have liked that Han shot first, he might have wanted to change it, but the justification for why it had to be done? Doesn’t really fly, even in a galaxy far, far away.

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Chris Werner is a Chicago attorney who represents businesses in commercial litigation matters and business transactions for more than a dozen years. Chris is based in Chicago, and has advised businesses all over the country and represented clients in courts from New York to Florida to California. Chris represents a wide range of business clients; from Fortune 100 Companies to entrepreneurs founding their first business. Chris founded Vidar because he wanted to combine the best of traditional legal training with a practice approach optimized for modern business needs. Prior to founding Vidar, Chris spent many years as a commercial litigation attorney with a highly regarded national law firm. After leaving that firm, Chris worked with several litigation boutique law firms on numerous high-stakes litigation matters. His practice combines the highest level of training and experience with cutting edge technology and business practices providing clients with the best possible representation. Chris knows that his clients demand nothing less than the highest quality legal advice and representation for their business, and that is what they have come to expect from Chris and the Vidar team. Chris has extensive experience in complex commercial litigation. He also advises client on business and technology issues. Some examples of his work include: For additional examples of Chris’ experience please explore our case studies. Chris attended The George Washington University Law School where he was Managing Editor of The George Washington University Law School International Law Review. Chris received his J.D. in 2002. 53 West Jackson Boulevard Chicago, Illinois 60604

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Cheap Locksmith Near Me Villa Park, CA – Villa Park CA Locksmith Store Who doesn’t like to save a few extra bucks? So, when you look for a locksmith online for your day to day requirements the first thing that you type in the search bar is “Cheap locksmith near me”. While affordability is paramount, you should be careful who you end up hiring. In the name of affordability, many locksmith services end up providing sub-standard services. If you are getting a deal from a locksmith firm that is too good to true, then it probably is. Villa Park CA Locksmith Store is one of those firms that maintain affordability with service quality. While we never claim that our services are the cheapest but we are sure that we will not burn a hole in your pocket with our prices. We maintain a balance between prices and quality to ensure that customers in Villa Park, CA get the best every time.

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You do not have enough in your acarray_not_empty to make this purchase. Please choose how much you wish to deposit. Country boy Buck truly rocked the industry last year when he came back on the scene after a long absence. This time more intense and bent on smashing phat creamy booties. He does not disappoint. He likes to talk shit and he commands obedience from his bottoms. Now! Run tell that!

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Palm Angels: From streetwear to Parisian chic This season Demna designed long dresses with heightened shoulders for BalenciagaJunya Watanabe This Sunday, for Palm Angels It seems the stricter Palm Angels girl expresses her sensuality through leather looks. First of all in black, with coats and jackets finished with a clean edge and enhanced with buttons, zips and gold string. Leather was also present in tight trousers, long skirts or even in leggings paired with a velvet mini-skirt and a deep purple leather and faux fur jacket. Palm Angels also presented full leather looks in red and white. A deliberate change of silhouette by the designer of the brand which is part of the New Guards Group: “Coming to Paris this season, it’s an important moment for us,” explained the designer. “It’s important for a global brand to be able to evolve. We wanted to push our women’s offer much further, but also the way we make the products. It was clearly a challenge for the whole company, but I think we succeeded.” However, Francesco Ragazzi has not completely forgotten his codes. His men’s looks, whether leather, long coats or (especially) intricately detailed silk tracksuits, offered a more streetwear vibe, mostly paired with white sneakers with the palm tree logo. And for the women’s looks most of the models wore a hood as part of their outfit, like a neckband, which broke up the formal silhouettes. The hoods read a Parisian address: 127 rue Saint-Honoré. The future location of the brand’s flagship in Paris. The address was displayed on a number of pieces from the collection: a multicoloured down jacket with a large palm tree logo on the back and finished like daisy petals, a thick velvet men’s tracksuit decorated with shiny studs, or on the back of a leather jacket as well as on a unique hoodie… Given the number of pieces dedicated to the flagship store, its opening is clearly a major event. The Italian label will most certainly offer its clothes and shoes in the new store. But the brand has also launched a multitude of sunglasses and gold jewellery in the shape of a small palm tree, which will surely grab consumers attention.

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Celebs by countryUSAUK Canada French Polynesia New Zealand Brazil Japan Belgium Germany Portugal Italy Netherlands USSR Puerto Rico Most rated | Sam WoodSam Wood Sam Wood mini bio: sponsored: Sam Wood images: Other related Actor: Ac2 Ac3 Ac4 Ac5 Ac6 Ac7 Ac8 Ac9 Ac10 Ac11 Ac12 Ac13 Ac14 Ac15 Ac16 Ac17 Ac18 Ac19 Ac20 Ac21 Ac22 Ac23 Ac24 Ac25 Ac26 Ac27 Ac28 Ac29 Ac30 Ac31 Ac32 Ac33 Ac34 Ac35 Ac36 Ac37 Ac38 Ac39 | Date / 2015-01-22 11:12:23 JoAnna Garcia Swisher is getting a plunge back into the “Once Upon A Time.” JoAnna Garcia Swisher will reprise their role in the next half of fourth season, Adam Horowitz series exec/creators producers and Eddy Kitsis declared to the TV Line... Date / 2015-01-21 06:27:51 Lisa Kudrow is only how you would expect there to be. They are meeting at the upper market hotel in the Beverly Hills, on different sides of the wide table of boardroom, but it is not a creepy experience in style of Apprentice... Date / 2015-01-21 06:19:33 Swoosie Kurtz has sufficient credits as the performer from a "wink-or-you will-miss it" scene on The Donna Reed Show in year 1962 to their newest role as mother of Melissa McCarthy on the Mike & Molly CBS comedy, to fill up four pages...

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The product job makes you delve into all the aspects of your product. Your day involves talking to teams, identifying pain points and helping the teams solve those pain points to reach your product goals. In the midst of all those experts, you are the person who should know something of everything, enough to help your people sail through everyday. Your app has a very public facing bug, user complaints have increased to the point where it has now started to affect your average session lengths. The team is desperately trying to fix it. But it has been a week now and there is no solution in sight. To have some semblance of control, you work towards understanding what the root cause of this issue is, but the only ones that understand it are the developers who built the system, two of the original developers have already left the organization 1 year ago. The new developers worked hard to understand the spaghetti code that every new incoming developer created and some modules of your entire platform upon which your revenue depends upon is only understood vaguely by the experienced developers in the team while the junior ones are heavily dependent on their seniors for just understanding the system. Does this situation sound familiar? In most organisations, this is the practical reality for which one should design proper risk management processes. The solution for the above, very risky and precarious, but avoidable situation? Documentation. To be specific, activity diagrams. Activity Diagrams? Huh? What are those? In UML (Unified Modelling Langauge), Activity diagrams are graphical representations of all your workflows including all activities, actions and choices. All entities (app, backend, payment gateways, end users, databases etc) are accounted for using swimlanes (columns) and their interactions with each other are thoroughly documented as a graphical representation rather than a writeup which makes understanding the workflows easy even for a non-technical person while ensuring that your system knowledge is passed on thoroughly even if a developer is no longer available. What tools can you use Lucidchart: This is one of the premium tools that you can use. It also has a collaboration mode where your entire team can work together to create these diagrams and save / export these to the cloud or local storage. Draw.io: This is a free and simple tool that can be used. Although it cannot be used collaboratively, it has a local as well as cloud storage and export options better than most paid tools. Now that you have learnt how to document all the flows of your product, read IMPACT ANALYSIS to learn how to monitor the impact of your feature rollouts, while you can improve communication gaps between Development and Product teams by reading HOW DO I TALK TO DEVELOPERS. You can further read How do I talk to developers to understand how product teams can communicate with the development team and start getting results. Quick tips to handle marketing budgets was advice given to me by a marketing expert with 20+ years of solid work experience when I asked about his ability to manage his budget and achieve marketing goals. Featured Image by snowing on Freepik

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This article explains the combat system in Crossfire. Combat is the interaction of two controlled objects (players and/or monsters), that exchange blows using diverse systems of attack. Combat can result in the death of any participant including yourself and is therefore a critical aspect of success in Crossfire. Upon Death a controlled object ceases to be controlled resulting in two outcomes, access to equipment held if a monster (or a gravestone if a player) and a flux of experience. Attacks can be made using a variety of attack types however these can be protected against from resistances . Some attack types do not simply do damage but also do indirect damage & effects, either temporarily or permanently. This could be to limit movement or modify a controlled objects vital statistics. This method of attack relies on directly striking an opponent. All player characters, NPCs and monsters have the ability to attack however some choose a more passive approach. weapons are required to use skills such as Single-Handed Weapons, Two-Handed Weapons and Missile Weapons however there are hand-to-hand skills that require no weapons. Some combat skills can be learnt however some require specific types of bodies. When attacking physically, for each strike, each attack type is tested and the attack type that deals the most significant damage is selected. These spell casting skills rely on the access and control of magical abilities of the controlled objected When attacking using spells, for each tick of damage, each attack type is tested and the attack type that deals the least damage is selected. Combat can be thought of as a sequence of attacks. Each attack can be described as: If the defenders hp drops below 0, the defender dies, and the attacker adds the experience of the defender to their total exp for the skill which made the killing blow. The defender also drops any items from their inventory (if a player, this is a gravestone) onto the floor. If a player dies, the character loses 20% of their experience (in all categories) and a random primary stat decreases by 1. At low levels, the stat loss is bad news, while it is the experience loss that really hurts at those high levels. You may still regain lost stats (up to your natural limit) by drinking potions of life. Certain gods restore lost stats if you meet certain conditions while praying on their alter. For information on development and technical aspects of spells: dev:combat

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The Art And Science Of Danville Breast Reduction: Insights From Leading Surgeons Breast reduction surgery, often referred to as reduction mammoplasty, is a highly specialized field in plastic surgery that blends artistry and scientific precision. For women experiencing physical discomfort, emotional strain, or a diminished quality of life due to excessively large breasts, this procedure can be a life-changing solution. In the picturesque town of Danville, California, a group of leading surgeons has perfected the art and science of breast reduction, offering patients both relief and aesthetic enhancement. In this article, we will delve into the world of Danville breast reduction and gain insights from these skilled practitioners. Understanding Breast Anatomy And Physiology Breast reduction surgery, also known as reduction mammoplasty, is a surgical procedure aimed at reducing the size of the breasts. It is often sought by women with overly large breasts that can cause physical discomfort, such as back pain or neck strain. Additionally, breast size reduction can improve self-esteem and body image. Breast anatomy plays a significant role in understanding how to perform successful breast reduction surgeries. The breasts consist of glandular tissue, fatty tissue, and connective tissue. Surgeons must have a comprehensive understanding of these structures to ensure optimal results while preserving function and aesthetics. During the procedure, excess glandular and fatty tissues are removed to achieve the desired breast size reduction. This involves making incisions on the breasts and repositioning the nipple-areola complex to create a more proportional appearance. Surgeons must also consider factors such as skin elasticity, nipple position, and overall breast shape when planning and executing Danville breast reduction surgeries. By taking these factors into account, they can achieve natural-looking results while minimizing scarring. Understanding breast anatomy and physiology is essential for surgeons specializing in Danville breast reduction procedures. By combining their knowledge of these structures with advanced surgical techniques, they can help women achieve their desired breast size while improving their overall well-being. Surgical Techniques For Breast Reduction There are several surgical techniques for breast reduction, and the choice of technique depends on the patient's individual needs and the surgeon's recommendations. Here are some common surgical techniques for breast reduction: - Anchor (Inverted-T) Incision Technique: This is the most common breast reduction technique. It involves creating incisions in the shape of an anchor or inverted "T." The incision goes around the areola, vertically down the breast, and horizontally along the breast crease. This technique allows for significant tissue removal and reshaping, making it suitable for larger breast reductions. - Vertical (Lollipop) Incision Technique: In this approach, incisions are made around the areola and vertically down the breast. This technique is suitable for moderate breast reduction and typically results in fewer visible scars than the anchor technique. - Periareolar (Donut) Incision Technique: This technique involves making a circular incision around the areola. It is suitable for patients who require a smaller reduction and minimal scarring. It's not ideal for large reductions or addressing sagging breasts. - Liposuction Technique: Liposuction can be used alone or in combination with other techniques to remove excess fat from the breasts. This approach is suitable for patients with good skin elasticity and minimal sagging. It's less invasive and leaves smaller scars compared to other methods. - Free Nipple Graft Technique: In cases where a significant reduction is required, the nipple and areola may need to be completely removed and repositioned as a graft. This technique is typically reserved for extreme cases and may result in reduced nipple sensitivity. - Short Scar Techniques: Some surgeons use short scar techniques, like the vertical incision, to minimize scarring. These techniques aim to reduce the horizontal scar along the breast crease, resulting in less scarring than the traditional anchor incision. It's essential to consult with a board-certified plastic surgeon to determine the most suitable technique for your specific needs and goals. They will evaluate your breast size, shape, skin elasticity, and overall health to develop a personalized surgical plan. Additionally, discuss the potential risks, benefits, and recovery expectations with your surgeon before proceeding with breast reduction surgery. Preoperative Considerations And Patient Evaluation Before undergoing breast reduction surgery, it is important for patients to undergo a preoperative evaluation and consider various factors. The psychological impact of having overly large breasts can be significant, leading to low self-esteem, body image issues, and even mental health problems. Therefore, during the preoperative evaluation, our team of leading surgeons at Danville Breast Reduction carefully assesses the patient's emotional well-being and discusses their expectations from the surgery. In addition to addressing the psychological impact, evaluating potential risks is crucial in ensuring a successful outcome. Our surgeons conduct a thorough medical examination to identify any underlying health conditions that may increase surgical risks. They also discuss with the patient any potential complications associated with breast reduction surgery, such as scarring, loss of nipple sensation, or difficulties with breastfeeding in the future. Furthermore, during the preoperative evaluation process, our surgeons emphasize open communication with patients. This allows us to understand their concerns and goals better while providing realistic expectations regarding outcomes and recovery time. We believe that an informed patient is more likely to have a positive experience before and after surgery. Overall, considering these preoperative considerations and conducting a comprehensive patient evaluation helps ensure that breast reduction surgery meets both physical and emotional needs while minimizing potential risks. Postoperative Care And Recovery To ensure a smooth recovery after breast reduction surgery, you will be provided with detailed postoperative care instructions and guidance. Our team of leading surgeons in Danville understands the importance of proper postoperative care and aims to provide you with the best support during your recovery process. One crucial aspect of postoperative care is pain management. We utilize a variety of pain management techniques to help alleviate any discomfort or pain you may experience. These may include prescription medications, such as analgesics or anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as non-pharmacological methods like ice packs or gentle massage. Our goal is to minimize your discomfort and promote a more comfortable healing process. In addition to pain management, we also prioritize scar prevention methods. While some scarring is inevitable after breast reduction surgery, there are steps we can take to minimize its appearance. We may recommend using silicone sheets or gels, which have been shown to reduce scar visibility effectively. Additionally, keeping the incision sites clean and protected from excessive sun exposure can aid in scar prevention. By providing comprehensive postoperative care instructions and utilizing effective pain management techniques and scar prevention methods, our team strives to ensure your comfort and satisfaction throughout the recovery period following your breast reduction surgery in Danville. Contact A Qualified Breast Reduction Surgeon In Danville If you're looking for a qualified surgeon for your breast reduction, look no further than Danville breast reduction surgeons. The team of experienced surgeons at Blackhawk Plastic Surgery & MedSpa specializes in breast reduction surgery and can provide you with the care and expertise you need. At Blackhawk Plastic Surgery & MedSpa, they prioritize patient satisfaction and safety above all else. They understand the importance of individualized care and will work closely with you to create a personalized treatment plan that addresses your specific goals. Don't let excessively large breasts hold you back any longer. Contact them today to schedule a consultation with one of their highly skilled surgeons for your Danville breast reduction surgery.

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Tento článok je reakciou na film Klimatická zmena. Pozrite aj súvisiace blogy na tejto stránke 350.sk a aj tu Chyby v Klimatickej chybe Tu je preklad oficiálneho postoja NASA ku globálnemu otepľovaniu. Originálna anglická verzia je tu: https://climate.nasa.gov/causes Vedci pripisujú trend globálneho otepľovania, ktorý pozorujeme od polovice 20. storočia, ľudskému zvyšovaniu skleníkového efektu – otepľovaniu, ku ktorému dochádza, keď atmosféra uväzní teplo vyžarujúce zo Zeme smerom do vesmíru. Niektoré plyny v atmosfére zabraňujú úniku tepla. Dlho žijúce plyny, ktoré zostanú polotrvalo v atmosfére a nereagujú fyzicky alebo chemicky na zmeny v teplote sú označujú ako činitele klimatickej zmeny. Plyny, ako napríklad vodná para, ktoré reagujú fyzikálne alebo chemicky na zmeny v teplote, označujeme ako spätná väzba. Medzi plyny, ktoré prispievajú k zmene podnebia, zahŕňame: - vodná para: najhojnejší skleníkový plyn, ale čo je najdôležitejšie, správa sa ako spätná väzba k podnebiu. Vyparovanie vody sa zvyšuje, keď sa zemské ovzdušie zohrieva, ale tiež sa zvyšuje tvorba mrakov a zrážok, čím sa toto stáva najdôležitejšou spätnou väzbou v skleníkovom efekte.. - oxid uhličitý (CO2): malá ale veľmi dôležitá súčasť ovzdušia, oxid uhličitý je uvoľňovaný prirodzeným procesmi ako je dýchanie a výbuchy sopiek a ľudskou činnosťou ako je odlesňovanie, zmena využívania pôdy a spaľovanie fosílnych palív. Ľudstvo zvýšilo koncentráciu CO2 o viac ako tretinu od začiatku priemyselnej revolúcie. Toto je najdôležitejší dlho žijúci činiteľ zmeny podnebia. - metán: Uhľovodíkový plyn vytváraný jednak prostredníctvom prírodných zdrojov ako aj ľudskej činnosti, včítane rozkladu odpadov v skládkach, poľnohospodárstva, a najmä pestovania ryže, taktiež ako trávenie prežúvavcov a spracovanie hnoja spojené s chovom dobytka. Na molekulárnej úrovni je metán je oveľa aktívnejší skleníkový plyn ako oxid uhličitý, ale tiež je to plyn, ktorého je v ovzduší oveľa menej. - oxid dusný: Silný skleníkový plyn vytváraný pri obrábaní pôdy, predovšetkým pri použití komerčných a organických hnojív, spaľovaní fosílnych palív, výrobe kyseliny dusičnej a spaľovaní biomasy. - Chlórfluórované uhľovodíky (CFC). Syntetické zlúčeniny, úplne priemyselného pôvodu, ktoré sa používajú v rade aplikácií, ale teraz do značnej miery regulované vo výrobe a uvoľňovaní do atmosféry medzinárodnou dohodou pre ich schopnosť prispievať k ničeniu ozónovej vrstvy. Sú tiež skleníkové plyny . Ľudská činnosť na Zemi mení prirodzený skleník. Počas minulého storočia spaľovanie fosílnych palív, ako je uhlie a ropa, zvýšilo koncentráciu atmosférického oxidu uhličitého (CO2 ). Toto sa deje, pretože proces spaľovania uhlia alebo ropy spája uhlík s kyslíkom vo vzduchu a vytvára CO2. Do menšej miery zvýšilo koncentráciu skleníkových plynov uvoľňovanie zeme pre poľnohospodárstvo, priemysel a iné ľudské činnosti. Dôsledky meniaceho sa prirodzeného atmosférického skleníka je ťažké predvídať, ale niektoré účinky vyzerajú pravdepodobne: - V priemere, Zem bude teplejšia. Pre niektoré oblasti môžu byť vyššie teploty vítané, ale pre iné nie. - Teplejšie podmienky pravdepodobne povedú celkovo k väčšiemu vyparovaniu a väčším zrážkam, ale jednotlivé oblasti sa bude odlišovať, niektoré budú vlhkejšie a iné suchšie. - Silnejší skleníkový efekt bude zohrievať oceány a čiastočne roztaví ľadovce a ďalší ľad, čím sa zvýši morská hladina. Voda v oceánoch sa bude rozťahovať, ak sa zohreje, čím prispeje k ďalšiemu vzostupu morskej hladiny. - Súčasne môžu niektoré plodiny a iné rastliny reagovať priaznivo na zvýšenie atmosférického CO2, budú bujnejšie rásť a využívať vodu účinnejšie. Zároveň môžu vyššie teploty a posúvanie podnebných pásiem meniť oblasti, kde plodiny rastú najlepšie a ovplyvniť zloženie prírodných rastlinných spoločenstiev . Medzivládny panel pre klimatickú zmenu (IPCC), skupina 1,300 nezávislých vedeckých odborníkov z krajín celého sveta pod hlavičkou Spojených národov, vo svojej piatej Hodnotiacej správe došiel k záveru, že je viac než 95 percentná pravdepodobnosť, že ľudská činnosť počas posledných 50 rokov zohriala našu planétu. Tieto priemyselné činnosti, na ktorých naša moderná civilizácia závisí, zvýšili v priebehu posledných 150 rokov úroveň oxidu uhličitého v atmosfére z 280 dielov na milión až na 400 dielov na milión. Panel preto vyvodil, že existuje viac než 95 percentná pravdepodobnosť, že ľuďmi vytvárané skleníkové plyny, ako oxid uhličitý, metán a oxid dusný, spôsobili väčšinu z pozorovaného zvýšenia teploty Zeme za posledných 50 rokov. Vyššie uvedený graf porovnáva zmeny globálnej povrchovej teploty (červená čiara) a slnečnej energie, ktorú Zem prijíma (žltá čiara) vo wattoch (jednotkách energie) na meter štvorcový od roku 1880. Tenšie čiary ukazujú ročné úrovne, zatiaľ čo tučnejšie riadky ukazujú priemerné trendy za 11 rokov. Jedenásťročné priemery sa používajú na zníženie medziročného prirodzeného šumu v údajoch, čím sa zreteľnejšie zvýrazňujú základné trendy. Množstvo slnečnej energie, ktorú Zem prijíma, sledovalo 11-ročný cyklus malých vzostupov a pádov Slnka bez čistého nárastu od 50. rokov 20. storočia. Za rovnaké obdobie výrazne vzrástla globálna teplota. Je preto veľmi nepravdepodobné, že by Slnko spôsobilo za posledné polstoročie pozorovaný trend globálneho otepľovania. Je rozumné predpokladať, že zmeny v energetickom výstupe Slnka spôsobia zmenu podnebia, pretože Slnko je základným zdrojom energie, ktorý poháňa náš klimatický systém. Štúdie skutočne ukazujú, že variabilita slnečného žiarenia zohrala v minulých klimatických zmenách úlohu. Napríklad sa predpokladá, že pokles slnečnej aktivity spojený so zvýšením sopečnej aktivity pomohol spustiť malú dobu ľadovú medzi približne 1650 a 1850, keď sa Grónsko ochladilo od roku 1410 do roku 1720 a ľadovce postupovali v Alpách. Niekoľko dôkazov však ukazuje, že súčasné globálne otepľovanie nemožno vysvetliť zmenami energie zo Slnka: - Od roku 1750 zostalo priemerné množstvo energie prichádzajúce zo Slnka konštantné alebo sa mierne zvyšovalo. - Keby otepľovanie bolo spôsobené aktívnejším Slnkom, vedci by očakávali, že vo všetkých vrstvách atmosféry budú pozorované vyššie teploty. Namiesto toho pozorovali ochladenie v hornej atmosfére a otepľovanie na povrchu a v spodných častiach atmosféry. Je to preto, že skleníkové plyny zachytávajú teplo v nižšej atmosfére. - Klimatické modely, ktoré zahŕňajú zmeny slnečného žiarenia, nemôžu reprodukovať pozorovaný teplotný trend za posledné storočie alebo viac bez zahrnutia zvýšenia skleníkových plynov.

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I'm so glad Brent tinted the primer one of the colors we were considering, because it became very clear that was NOT our color. It read very purple in the space, and we had an inkier color in mind. Enter the sample cans. As much as I dislike spending money, when you're going to commit to a color that is literally going EVERYWHERE in the room (trim, walls, bookshelves), this was a wise investment. Tessa even got in on the action! Colors we actually tested from top to bottom, L to R, (all Benjamin Moore): - Gentelman's Gray (this is our powder room color) - Washington Blue - Newburyport Blue - Van Deusen Blue - Summer Nights - Blue Danube It became clear pretty quickly that CW-630 was winning us over. I also really liked the slightly more green Summer Nights, but ultimately, Washington Blue (CW-630) prevailed! Next came the first coat of trim: And then the walls! Brent was on a mission, and finished it up late last night after our neighbor's BBQ. The early morning light (this room faces west) revealed the inky, mercurial, stately blue I was hoping for. It kind of draws you in and you peek in from the Living Room or Dining Room. Brent also braved late-August-weekend Ikea (he went straight to the warehouse armed with the exact spots he was heading and brought home the bones for our will-be bookshelves on the mantle wall. We are excited to get them assembled so we can start problem-solving a couple of issues and finalize some details on the design. More to come this weekend!

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This was the last of the splendid booklets researched and written by George Dow, the LNER “Press Agent” (a job title which seems to have covered much wider responsibilities than press relations) to mark the centenary of different sections of the line, each of which had begun life as a separate company. Already the style and thoroughness of his historical work, destined to reach its full flower couple of decades later in his monumental “Great Central Railway”, is becoming apparent in his careful mix of text and illustrations. The North British was not always a very happy railway. It suffered the Tay Bridge disaster, was not always wise in its choice of Locomotive Supt., often felt like the tail of a much larger dog to the south, which wanted it to “wag” with more vigour than it could manage. It went through a dreadful period in the 1890’s, when near criminal directors intrigued to secure the dismissal of the General Manage, who was seeking to curb their activities. However, all that lies in the future. Here we see the NBR cheerfully flattening the historic remains of Berwick castle as a site for the station, and with the opening of Robert Stephenson’s magnificent Royal Border Bridge in 1850 by its partner to the south, the York, Newcastle and Berwick Railway being the last link in the chain of East Coast Railways linking the two capitals. PREVIEW BELOW – MAY TAKE A WHILE TO LOAD.

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Study 6 - Millennium & End of Sin: The End of the Dragon's Tale Scholars have said there is nothing in Revelation that is not also in the Old Testament. Many of the references are direct and obvious quotes or rewordings. Other phrases and ideas are vague enough that they require detailed knowledge and careful study of the Old Testament. The study of the Dragon in Revelation is one of the primary themes in Revelation. Let’s explore this ancient story carefully! Read Revelation 12:1-2 How is the woman dressed? Does this remind you of any story in the Old Testament? (Genesis 37:9) What is the woman doing? Why? (Genesis 3:15-16) In the second study – about Creation – we saw this ‘first prophecy’ of mankind. How does this story retell the prophecy? How does the Dragon story combine the Genesis curse and the promise? What twist exists in the story of Jesus’ birth that adds something unique to the curse/promise? (Isaiah 7:14) Read Revelation 12:3-4 Who does the Dragon represent? (Rev 12:9) Why is there conflict between the Woman and the Dragon (Genesis 3:15) Who do you think the Woman represents? (Isaiah 54:5-6) How did the second half of Rev 12:4 play out in reality (Matthew 2:7-8,16) Read Revelation 12:5-6 Who was the Son of the Woman? Read Psalm 2 and reflect – what might this section of the Dragon story have brought to mind for ancient hearers? Read Revelation 12:7-9 What result did ‘setting his sights too high’ have for Satan? How does this remind you of our first study? (Review Isaiah 14:12-19) What is the Dragon’s goal? (Rev 12:9) Who is Michael? How is Michael vs Satan going to play out? (Daniel 12:1) There’s a lot that can be said (and has been in these studies) about the time between the Fall in the Garden and the Return of Earth to the perfect pre-fall state. As we live through the final hours of this Earth’s suffering, we are experiencing the death throes of the Dragon as he thrashes about – knowing that his time is short (Revelation 12:12). We explored the Victory March last week – as Jesus returns in the clouds of Glory to claim those who have claimed His gift on the Cross – and this week we explore what happens after the Second Coming. In our third study, we saw that the Day of Atonement was key to understanding the meaning and purpose of the Death of Jesus on the Cross. In the middle of that day, there were two goats. The first was sacrificed for the cleansing of the Sanctuary – This first goat represented Jesus who took the weight of the confessed sins of the entire world for all time and died as a sacrifice for us all. The second goat received both hands of the High Priest as all the gathered sin from the cleansing of the Sanctuary was transferred to its head. This act – only on the Day of Atonement – was the final act of removing sin from the Sanctuary – sin which had already been forgiven during the past year of Israel’s confession was now removed entirely from God’s presence. In the Old Testament Sanctuary, the sacrifice of the second goat was the only time both hands were placed on the head of a sacrifice. It was also the only time the sacrifice did not die immediately after receiving the weight of sin upon it. At this point on the Day of Atonement, the High Priest had already purified the people and the Sanctuary. This Goat - representing Satan after the Second Coming – was sent walking with the blood of all the deaths from all offerings of the year upon its head. While the first goat took the punishment, the second goat took the blame. The entire metaphor holds together here only if that goat, guilty as charged, never returns and ultimately dies. This goat is not purifying anything. He’s not playing any role in forgiveness for sins. He is merely taking what doesn’t belong to God or His people – Sin – away from them both. While the second goat was merely a metaphor, Satan deserves his time in the desert. He is the guilty party for all of sin. He is the tempter, the dragon, that old snake the Devil. He deserves – and will receive – the blame for all sin. Read Revelation 20:1-3 As we saw in last week’s study, there are no humans alive on the Earth after Jesus’ Second Coming. Those who believe in Jesus have gone to the place he prepared for them. Those who do not believe are destroyed by the brightness of His coming. How is this humanless state of planet earth like a bottomless pit for Satan? How long will Satan be in this ‘locked up’ state? (Rev 20:2) Without anyone to deceive – what will Satan do for so long? (go even more mad!) Read Revelation 20:11-15 What happens after the 1000 years are finished? What process occurs for every person who has not accepted Salvation? (Rev 20:12) Then what happens to them? (Rev 20:13-14) How do we know that this judgment and death do not happen to the Saved? (Rev 20:6, 15) What is the difference between the First and Second Death? (John 11:25-26) Conclusion and Call Read Revelation 21:1-4 What is your favourite part of this passage? Do you think this time of eternal peace will mean more to us or God? Why? What do you think this will be like? What excites you most about the new Earth? From the moment sin entered our planet, God had a plan to solve it. We are now living just moments from that plan reaching the second of three major waypoints. The first, and most important, was the Death of Jesus in our place. The second, drawing ever closer, is the promised return of Jesus to claim those who have accepted the gift of eternal life. The third and final waypoint is the one we studied tonight – the end of sin, Satan, death and pain. Forever! A day is coming when God will cleanse and perfectly recreate planet Earth. He promises that He will make His home here with us! Do you want to see this amazing day?

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HERBS and spices have been associated with the Christmas holidays for many centuries, as well as forming the basis of many pagan midwinter ceremonies. Although many of these herbs are used year round their traditional use in Christmas food and the legends attached to them, make them especially significant. Frankincense, from the Boswellia tree, is perhaps best known as one of the gifts brought by the Three Kings to baby Jesus. However, the aroma of frankincense is said to represent life, with the Judaic, Christian and Islamic faiths all using Frankincense mixed with oils to anoint new born infants. The other herb brought by the Three Kings was myrrh, an aromatic gum from the Commiphora tree often combined with frankincense in many religious and Pagan ceremonies. At one time myrrh was considered so valuable it had equal weight value to gold. Today frankincense and myrrh tend to be used in aromatherapy. Cinnamon was a prized spice given to visiting dignitaries for many centuries. Native to south-east Asia, from the bark of the Cinnamomum verum tree, cinnamon is used as a dried stick or in powder form. An essential ingredient in mulled wine, and spiced apple cider infusing a warming aromatic flavour. Ground cinnamon is perhaps best known when added to apple pies and sticky buns, but is also used in teas, chocolate and savoury dishes. Legend has it that Mary hid the baby Jesus under a sage bush to avoid detection by King Herod’s soldiers. Since then the sage bush has been credited with many healing powers, earning it the name ‘herb of immortality’. Its association with Christmas cooking is of course as sage and onion stuffing for the turkey. Mulled Wine Spice Recipe Combine: 2 tbsp of whole allspice, 1/4 tbsp of whole cloves, 1x10cm stick of cinnamon and 1x10cm strip of orange peel. Place on a square of double muslin and tie securely. Place the muslin bag in a pan with red wine or apple cider and warm through. The spice mix can also be added to infuse a wonderfully aromatic flavour to rice pudding!

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Review by Camden Ferrell Chess of the Wind is an Iranian movie from director Mohammad Reza Aslani. It was screened a limited number of times in 1976 before being banned and presumably lost for decades, only existing in low quality VHS tapes. However, in 2014 Aslani’s son discovered the film negatives in an antique shop in Tehran, paving the way for a restoration and release of Aslani’s movie. While its visual aesthetic is something to be celebrated, the pacing and convoluted story ultimately muddle what could have been an unearthed jewel of Iranian cinema. Set in early 20th century Iran, this movie follows a family after the death of the matriarch. There is a large inheritance and conflict ensues in regard to whom it will be bequeathed. While the widowed Hadji believes himself to be the rightful inheritor of the money, the matriarch’s daughter, Lady Aghdas believes it is rightfully hers. She then proceeds to scheme with her handmaiden to ensure she gets what she believes is rightfully hers. This is an interesting premise for a movie, that works well on a surface level and a more deep and thematic level as well. Aslani’s script isn’t anything impressive, but it does a decent enough job of telling its central story. The dialogue sufficiently reveals information about its character’s and their motivations, but it’s never quite compelling. It doesn’t do enough to retain attention or interest, and it simply satisfies the most basic requirements of what a screenplay needs to be. The acting is one of the film’s strong suits. Fakhri Khorvash plays Lady Aghdas and is probably the most impressive performance of the film. She is strong, steadfast, and entertaining as we see her plot to secure her inheritance. It’s nothing Earth-shattering, but it’s an enjoyable performance that is an insight into the middle of her career. The other actors support her well but aren’t quite as memorable as she is. The movie also excels with its cinematography. It’s a well shot movie that uses camera movement sparingly, and it works in giving the film a visually pleasant aesthetic. The restoration is fantastic and elevate the experience even when other areas of the film are lacking. The film falters significantly in the film’s pacing. While its slow and steady pace is deliberate and should work for the story in theory, it meanders far too much. In addition to its wandering and sluggish pace, the movie also takes its relatively simple premise and executes it in a way that is convoluted. It doesn’t foster audience engagement, and it is ultimately what hinders the movie’s quality the most. Chess of the Wind may not be the beautiful hidden gem of Iranian cinema that one would hope, but it’s a great restoration of a movie that could have potentially been lost forever. The execution and slow pace may be off-putting to some, but fans of Iranian cinema might find something to enjoy in this film. Chess of the Wind will be in theaters October 29. Rating: 3/5 |

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Day 56 - Saturday, August 3, 2002 Total to date: 3729.43 miles (6001.9 km) Moving time: 5 hr 5 min. Average Speed: 10.2 mph (16.4 km/hr) Total ascent: 3063 ft. (933.6 m) Minimum elevation: 3376 ft. (1029.0 m) Maximum elevation: 5105 Ending elevation: 4309 ft. (1313.4 m) Wind: Calm all day for a change. Climb, climb, climb. Today was a smooth, strong day of riding in the eastern Oregon mountains. Joe and I rolled out of Baker City about 8:00am and started our gradual ascent to Sumpter where the hill got really steep all of a sudden. The route climbs to 5082 feet on Sumpter Pass where it makes an 800 foot descent into Whitney, Oregon. The road then makes a 900 foot climb to the top of Tipton Pass. Most passes here in the Rockies sport a sign at the top. There are only four more significant climbs left for the entire trip. I am a much stronger and more consistent hill climber than I was two months ago but still dread long, steep climbs. The descents are fun but climbing is very tiring. The last of the four climbs is McKenzie Pass just west of McKenzie Bridge. The pass lies at 5324 feet above sea level. In just 135 miles I'll loose that entire elevation as I ride down the Cascades to the coast. My ride up the coast to Seattle and Vancouver, British Columbia will be hilly but not mountainous. Huckleberry Mountain, home to Sumpter Pass, rises out of the Sumpter Valley. In the first half of last century the valley was flooded and dredged for gold with huge dredging rigs. Over $10 Million worth of gold was extracted in a 40 year period from just 2500 acres of land. Huge tailing piles fill the valley floor as a reminder of the successful mining in the area. A short line, narrowgauge railroad operates as a tourist attraction in the valley today. It usually runs from Phillips Lake to Sumpter but has to stop three miles short of town today because of the high fire risk from the steam engine. Traffic was very light today with the exception of dozens of motorcyclists. This is a popular riding area for sport bike riders but not so much for touring motorcycles. The scenery is very nice and is much of what I expected for Oregon. It was far more hazy today than in the past few weeks. I suppose it is a combination of the smoke from Oregon wildfires and the heat and humidity of a warm summer day. We are camping out back of the store/gas station/bar/restaurant in Austin Junction. This isn't really a town but just the place where routes 7 and 26 meet in eastern Oregon. Tomorrow should be a great day of riding. There's a steep 1000 foot climb first thing in the morning followed by a 53 mile steady descent into Dayville where we plan to stay at a hostel.

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Many transgender people choose to pursue hormone replacement therapy, which can cause significant changes in the voice. While these changes impact all people who undergo HRT, they have special significance for singers. Female to Male (testosterone) Singer/Composer CN Lester has been doing research on the effects of HRT. They write about this in their blog, A Gentleman and a Scholar. Here is one post about this: https://cnlester.wordpress.com/2013/01/15/singing-and-t-some-tentative-thoughts/. Singer Joshua Riverdale wrote a great article called Testosterone and the Trans Male Singing Voice. Though dated 2009, it contains great illustrations, links to videos of trans male singers and recommendations for trans male singers that are still relevant. Male to Female (estrogen) The impacts of HRT on a male transitioning to female through HRT is less dramatic than for a female transitioning to male. In general, the voice itself does not change range. We have not yet found resources for the pedagogy of working with singers undergoing this treatment. This page will be updated as we gather information.

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Passing the exam is your best way to be one of the most sought after professional in your field of specialization. There’s no better way to effectively prepare other than using actual questions provided by us. 76 Questions | 76 Questions | We ensure that you will find our Exam dumps helpful and easy to use. We tapped the services of esteemed Certification experts to help us formulate, evaluate, and improve our dumps to ensure they suit you best. Our practice tests offer customizable learning and self-assessment features that truly benefits thousands of takers. The practice test software simulates real exam scenarios for you to get used to the pressure of the certification exam. By far, our exam braindumps are the industries finest. You can download these practice exams instantly after purchase or buy a simple PDF file for questions and answers. We know how expensive it is to take Cloud (exam code: ) exam. It costs both time and money. However, with the most reliable exam dumps material from Elevage, we guarantee that you will pass the exam on your first try! You’ve heard it right. We are so confident about our exam dumps for exam that we are offering a money back guarantee, if you fail. Yes you read it right, If our exam dumps didn’t help you pass, we will issue a refund - no other questions asked. There are several reasons why you should only trust our braindumps for exam. Our exam braindumps are regularly updated with the help of experienced, certified and dedicated professionals. Our expert regularly update dumps of Exam so that you cannot miss any question in your real exam. We see to it that our assessments are always at par with what is likely to be asked in the actual examination. Free demo facility is also available that will give you a real touch about the quality of our dumps exam. If you’re skeptical about our exam dumps, you are more than welcome to try our demo for free and see what rest of the Cloud exam applicants experience by availing our products. Our methods are tested and proven by more than 90,000 successful that trusted Elevage. They are our satisfied customers and our real strength. Want to know what they said about us, visit our testimonial section and read first-hand experiences from verified users. Our commitment to our users does not end at the point of sale. In fact, we offer a comprehensive customer service should you experience any problem with our exam braindumps. We assure you that Elevage will never leave you behind until you pass your exam. Our test preparation materials are not just your regular PDF with questions with boring reading routines. We have also designed a simulator that shows you what happens during an actual examination. According to our clients, this feature had a tremendous impact on their confidence while taking the real Cloud exams. The Cloud practice exam software for exam is based on the same exam dumps that we offer via PDF. Thus you can interactively prepare for real exam with actual Cloud exam question. It is indeed a huge opportunity, don't miss it out! To secure your investment and to ensure it risk free deal we offer 100% money back guarantee for exam. In this offer you will get 100% money back if you fail in exam. We will not deduct and charges from your paid amount. You rest assured. To facilitate the customer with the best possible technical support and services, we have a competent and dedicated customer support staff. They work 24 hours a day and 7 days a week. You can contact us for all queries and questions of exam questions. Joining this Elevage felt like going on venture of my life. I was thrilled as I knew that at the present I would be capable to pass my test and make a name in the world. Thanks a lot to Elevage since it helped me in clearing my test with satisfactory results. I’m so gratifying. I have cleared my certification exam with flying colors when I got my study material from Elevage which gave me the hope in my eyes that I can get success in all exams. In order to clear my certification exam I wanted help from someone and Elevage was willing to provide it to me. I studied here and used Elevage guides to prepare. After that, I got 89% score in the exam.

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Nearly all people face the possibility of moving throughout our lives, times move. If not managed properly, this may result in elevated levels of stress and anxiety. When there is a move coming many people get a sinking feeling as the movement date draws nearer. The home selling process itself generates amounts of stress, together with planning a move a vast array of complications can happen that you are really lucky if you manage a house sale without any flaws.What should be remembered is that most people know these factors and each and every one of us ought to take whatever measures we can to minimise any stress we can during that time. This leaves us with the strain of factors we can’t control but it is a massive improvement, also actively attempting to do as much as possible gives you an element of control and stops you sitting around twiddling your fingers or biting your nails just endlessly awaiting. Life appears to come to a standstill a move to happen and when waiting to finish. On the children in the household it is necessary to reduce particularly as a family unit. With loads of time preparing and planning for the transfer it need not result from the move day or weekend from hell nightmare.Obviously when buying a property everyone wants to keep costs to a minimum. This statement applies to houses, cars, vacations and removal companies although you do get what you pay for. The fee of A removal company will vary depending on the services and area the client is currently wanting to acquire. Finding can be a reassurance that is real, it shouldn’t be a concern whether the removals firm will show at the date and time.If you have got the budget available it might be worth considering hiring a Man with Van Peterborough of your preferred removal company. A man and van service are a chance regardless of what size the property is as a van and men may be used. Removal vans are clothes rails in addition to trucks. This can the packing time make certain to consult the firm the way they prefer items packaged and what they provide. A company will wrap furniture items the home contents will be packaged and moved efficiently and with care, and as of the workers are drivers and movers. If moving into a property, even if only moving clothing and personal belongings the amount is surprising with a man and van service is a way. If one person tries to carry the move out personally the trips in their own vehicle and time spent lugging around their possessions can work out to be a cost.

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Choco Embroidery Font Digitized Lower and Upper Case 1 2 3 inch Instant Download ** IMPORTNAT NOTICE ** 1) In order to have best embroidery quality we DO NOT recommend resizing fonts. 2) This is a digital file that you will need to download to your computer or tables 3) Your file will be Instantly available for download 4) In order to use these files you need to have an embroidery software or embroidery machine that reads these files ** LEGAL NOTICE ** You are prohibited from selling & reselling these fonts as is. You may use these fonts on the products that you embroider for personal and commercial use. Many fonts are protected by copyright laws and must be used with either permission or special license. Please contact us if you have any question

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Xiao Zhan was so spicy by Xi'an food that he pulled banners to promote X... In the anxious "spring birth" waiting outside the maternity ward at the same time, see the stitching to look at the V list ranking Xiao war, unsurprisingly again saw the role played by Xiao war. It's been more than a year since the start of the broadcast, and it's still managed to stay on the list for more than 2 consecutive months almost uninterrupted. The actor Xiao war this influence is really durable enough! V list is Xiao war on duty? The first thing you need to do is to say that Xiao is carrying the drama student, no one will refute it, right? Not at all afraid to compare! The new media index of the role of the drama, or the ratings, Xiao Zhan is not afraid of. Take the premiere of "The rest of my life, please teach me more" for example, the curve on the opening day, from the second episode onwards are going up. This is the reason why it can bring up the ratings later. It is said that those who will watch it will see it on the same day, and Xiao Xin's deduction can be verified. The first thing you need to do is to get a new one. And the ratings ranking of "More guidance for the rest of your life" and "Ace Force" happen to be both in the top three of the satellite TV. As long as you watch the drama of Xiao Zhan, do not want to climb out of the pit. Character charm and personal charm double buff is more than a simple one plus one effect oh! The atmosphere, Xiao war fans have not been afraid of who! Some people say: this is Gu Yiyano to Xiao Chunsheng hot field it! Many viewers of the period drama entered the scene, they are examining the work of Xiao war it. Maybe in the near future, maybe tomorrow. Xiao Chunsheng once the official announcement, will produce a stone-cold effect, right? After all, Xiao war fans have started to live the whole. It can be said that "the past has, only lack of spring birth". The face up, eat and drink can not be left behind. The Yancheng Xiao war fans have already started to group the bureau to get high. The first thing you need to do is to get a good idea of what you're getting into. But Xiao Xin still wants to ask, you are learning from the Xiao war studio? Oh, yes, the studio has been updated. The "city food record" of Xiao Zhaogang in Xi'an was sent out. The carbohydrate capital is not called for nothing, a whole table of staple food laid out in a frenzy. The most unexpected thing is that, as an authentic Chongqing child, Xiao Zhan was spicy confused in Xi'an. Looking at the face were spicy red Xiao war, many people will have questions: Xi'an staple food is really that spicy? The explanation given by Xiao is that he can't eat spicy now. Also, for years of fitness, keep a light diet, extreme self-discipline Xiao war, chili pepper this food has long been in the daily recipes, eat spicy ability degraded is also normal ~ Xi'an food will be spicy to Chongqing rabbits? Chongqing's mom fans said to cry for a while. Xi'an fans feel they have to clarify. All right! If you want to cry, cry for a while, to clarify the grasp to do: Xi'an food is how spicy? Yancheng Xiaofeiwan has hitched a ride to play up, just waiting for "That Sea of Dreams" to start. We are saying that Xiao Chunsheng is not polite if he is not on again oh!

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Re: Liberals of today Flower power people Date: June 26, 2019 10:25AM > Ah, to be a liberal, back in the 60's it meant > protesting the war, growing long hair, the Beatles > and the Stones, smoking pot and free love. > Now liberals are Trans gendered, tattooed, obese > and unemployed, who cry when they don't get their > way , and hate anyone successful. > The old time liberals wouldn't recognize their > modern day counterparts. The entire meaning of the > word "liberal" has been corrupted. I feel your pain. I told this story here about a year ago...I was stopped at a traffic light with my son in car, some dirt back antifa homeless lookin fuck was walking across street in front of my car, I wasn’t sure if my light was going to change, so I alerted the guy to cross, as he got in front of my car he tried to spit on my car and I called him a scumbag, he then said, “yeah and I’m going home to tuck my son in the ass”, and I said, “that makes sense, I can believe it”...I then recognized him as a liberal retard, which he didn’t deny, and he recognized me as a trump supporter, which I didn’t deny. I remember the good ole days when liberals wanted peace and love, weed, naked and flower power, where are the real liberals to remind these insane kids of a time of peace and harmoneyy

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This is the same dress that Janet Jackson wore for her Harper’s Bazaar Arabia shoot and although I love the emerald I find this just as mesmerizing. It’s the perfect violet! Check out a behind-the-scenes video of Jessica at the cover shoot wearing this and the Violet Floral Hand Painted Satin Stitch Embroidery Evening Dress below! FLARE Magazine, January 2012 Photographer: Max Abadian Image via FLARE

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Rerurn to Romy the Cat's Site In the Forum: Playback Listening In the Thread: VoES Post Subject: The *serious* audiophiles bow their heads forward.Posted by AOK_Farmer on: 12/2/2010 Have you seen it? As if the methodology of discriminating listening required this *Rodin's the Thinker* posture. If the deep intellectual thinking naturally leads to the forward head tilt perhaps we shouldn't think too hard when we listen :-) SteveRerurn to Romy the Cat's Site

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Chances are that if you've been out to one of my shows here recently in 2018, you have heard me say, "This is Florida Country music," once or twice. That may or may not have caused you to ask, "What the hell is Florida Country music?" I've been asked this a few times directly and so I'd like to go ahead and just lay this answer out there for all you fine folks. Be careful when you stand up and walk around 'cuz I'm about to drop some knowledge! Florida Country Music is country music crafted for the Floridian and the Florida-country-music-lover's lifestyle. I like to say that my newest album concept, "Four Wheel Dr.", will define Florida Country by setting a solid example of the Florida Country sound. So what is Florida Country music? Glad you asked! From the beaches to the woods, from Key West to the Florida-Bama line, and from the marinas to the honky-tonks, there are so many country music fans in Florida! And we're all proud as hell, are we not? Even those that are not native Floridian love to come to Florida and enjoy this amazing piece of paradise. And we all love to have music right along side whatever activity we are engaging in. It's a staple! There are island sounds, rock and roll riffs, and country rhythms filling our ears with every wave that crashes, fish that's pulled out of the deep blue, cold one that's cracked, boot that's stomped on the hardwood, and with every shotgun blast that rings out the nature of Florida Country. Florida Country is true to it's roots. What are those roots? Southern Rock, Rock, Reggae and what is now considered traditional country music. Where it gets fun is that we're gonna stick all that in a blender, put it on frappe, pour some rum in that shit, and then pour that in our cup. Boom! Florida Country music is here! Most of ya'll reading this might be saying, "Like Kenny Chesney?" Yes, but Kenny Chesney is such a megastar that he is pretty much a sub-genre of country all on his own. I love that guy. Some of ya'll might be asking, "Oh, like Zac Brown Band?!" Yes, but Zac Brown Band does such an eclectic mix of music that some of their tunes fit the Florida Country sound while others do not. I love those guys too. Point is, these amazing artists are the closest thing to Florida Country out there in my opinion. Or rather, they are the most popular. If you love rock, country, island music, and love when it's mixed together, you are a Florida Country fan! If you fit any of these following descriptions, you are a Florida Country fan! I think that about covers the basics of what makes the Florida Country Music fan. Feel free to add one I missed to the comments below! Thank you guys for reading! Please give us a like and share on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter! Make sure the hashtag #FeelTheLove! I want to know where ya'll want me to come play! Please let me know in the comments or hit me up if you want to hire me for an event! [email protected] Check out the latest single on iTunes and Spotify! "Tonight I'm Drinking Alone" Disclaimer: If you find a typo, feel free to raz me relentlessly in the comments. Don't actually poor rum into your country music, radios, and iPods don't like that kinda thing. Drink responsibly. No party fouls. Share, share, share the news! Florida Country Music is here and we're damn proud of our state!! ...just tell your story.I guess it's just that simple! 2018 has a been a record breaking year thus far. How about for you? I played zero shows before March last year and so far this year, we've booked 18 dates. What a blessing! Here are a couple highlights so far: It really doesn't take much to make a country boy happy! Give him a cold beer, pat him on the butt and tell him his songs are good and you'll see him smile. Shifting in 4 wheel low.... There's been something I've been wanting to write about and I hope this doesn't come off preachy. I took a solid vacation to the Caribbean on board the amazing Caribbean Princess for just about 2 weeks. I know! It was so amazing! However, I really got a perspective on just how spoiled some people can be. Here we are on a luxury cruise liner, being waited on hand and foot, and all I hear is complaining coming from so many different directions. Some folks were just down right miserable enough to tell my 1 year old to keep it down when he was running in the hallway at 11am. Well I ain't keeping it down. It's plain and simple. I felt amazingly blessed to even have the opportunity to be on that ship and I couldn't believe that some could do nothing but focus on the negativity. Really? Two words come to mind; be grateful! In the words of Larry The Cable Guy, "You oughta be grateful for what the good Lord give ya!" Here's the challenge... before you go complaining the next time you feel like it, stop, look around, and count your blessings. Then go ahead and complain if you still feel like it. Shifting back to 4 Wheel High... In 2015 I made a decision to pursue music full-time. Then, I was still in the Navy so full-time was gonna wait until May 8th, 2016, but my babe and I decided that was the move I was gonna make with my future. I'm happy to report that in 2015, my music biz made a very small amount. It's about 4 figures. Now, I'm happy to report that because in 2016, I more than doubled that number. It's just about 5 figures. In 2017? Yep! I doubled that number again!! It's still 5 figures, but it's much better! In 2018, if everything continues on the track its going, I could triple that number. Wow! God is good. So it hard work and a vision. I'm here to tell you that dreams come true with those three things; God, hard work, vision. You can do whatever you want. Don't settle for less than you deserve. You deserve to be happy. I made the decision to be happy rather than comfortable. Now, I'm building to the point where I can be happy and comfortable. YOU CAN DO IT TOO! All you gotta do is believe in yourself and your dream. Go get it! Ya'll #FeelTheLove, go download all my music, come to a show and bring a friend with ya! www. Facebook.com/gregwhitejrmusic www.Instagram.com/gregwhitejrmusic | To assist my brothers and sisters through their spiritual awakening. To teach by my personal experience so that others can make informed choices on their unique journey. To be called advisor and friend to those who may feel alone and unable to speak to others for fear of being alienated or labeled "weird" by society. We are all facing challenges through this time. Now is the time to be alive and awake! You are not alone! Greg White Jr.I am a "Florida Country" music Artist- songwriter, family man, Navy Veteran, and a lover of all things creative. ArchivesCategories |

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Il nostro gruppo di Softair prende il nome da una compagnia di ventura composta da soggetti tanto bizzarri quanto spietati, guitti da locanda,e pendagli da forca. "Who are they?" she asked,"They're the Bloody Mummers sellswords. call themselves the Brave Companions. Don't use them other names where they can hear, or they'll hurt you bad. “A Song of Ice and Fire “di George R.R.Martin (Mondadori) Filosofia di gioco I Guitti amano il divertimento e lo spirito di gruppo. Benchè piaccia essere efficienti e competitivi, le nostre sessioni di gioco non sono caratterizzate da una "rigida professionalità" ma, piuttosto da un'atmosfera in cui sia possibile giocare in serenità: sbagliando , imparando e spesso… ridendo insieme. Ciò non toglie che riteniamo la serietà di un comportamento responsabile, della sicurezza e dell'onestà di gioco verso il gruppo e gli ospiti ,un requisito fondamentale e indiscutibile! Non siamo un gruppo chiuso né elitario, anzi, alla base c’è proprio l’esperienza di gioco con altri gruppi e con persone che non si sono mai avvicinate a questo hobby e vogliono provarlo. Con i Guitti, si finisce a“ pane , salame, vino e tante risate”

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From Fantasy to Reality: Online Gaming Experiences The flickering screen whispers promises of fantastical worlds, epic journeys, and the thrill of the unknown. Online gaming, once relegated to dimly lit basements and pixelated screens, has blossomed into a vibrant tapestry of experiences, blurring the lines between fantasy and reality. It’s a gateway to boundless possibilities, where dragons soar overhead and communities pulsate with the energy of shared adventures. But the impact of online qqmobil gaming goes beyond mere escapism; it shapes narratives, fosters connections, and even teaches valuable life lessons. Evolving Worlds and Immersive Stories: Gone are the days of blocky landscapes and clunky mechanics. Today’s online games are vibrant universes, meticulously crafted with stunning visuals and captivating narratives. Open-world adventures like Elden Ring throw players into sprawling realms rife with secrets and danger, while story-driven experiences like The Last of Us Part II deliver cinematic narratives that resonate on an emotional level. These advancements blur the line between player and participant, drawing us deeper into the fictional universes we explore. Building Communities and Forging Bonds: The essence of online gaming lies not just in the digital landscapes, but in the people we share them with. Guilds in MMORPGs like World of Warcraft weave intricate tapestries of cooperation and strategy, forging friendships that transcend geographical boundaries. Competitive games like Rocket League ignite the fire of friendly rivalry, pushing players to hone their skills and celebrate each other’s victories. These online communities offer a sense of belonging, a camaraderie forged in shared triumphs and collective tears, reminding us that even in virtual worlds, human connection thrives. Learning Through Play: Beyond the fun and fantasy, online gaming offers unexpected lessons for navigating the real world. Strategy games like Civilization hone critical thinking and resource management skills, while puzzle games like Portal train problem-solving and lateral thinking. Even seemingly frivolous games like Animal Crossing cultivate a sense of responsibility and routine. These lessons, instilled through play, offer valuable tools for navigating real-life challenges, proving that learning can be as engaging as it is effective. The Impact Beyond the Screen: The influence of online gaming extends far beyond the glow of the monitor. Esports, once a niche phenomenon, has exploded into a billion-dollar industry, attracting massive audiences and spawning professional careers. Games like Minecraft have found their way into classrooms, fostering creativity and collaboration. Virtual reality experiences are redefining entertainment and even training, offering unparalleled immersion and real-world applications. It’s a testament to the transformative power of online gaming, its ability to shape culture, education, and even the future of work. But is it all sunshine and rainbows? It’s important to acknowledge the potential downsides of online gaming. Addiction, toxicity, and cyberbullying can cast a shadow on the immersive experience. Balance and moderation are crucial, ensuring that virtual pursuits don’t eclipse real-life responsibilities. Moreover, fostering safe and inclusive online communities is paramount, where respect and empathy reign supreme. In conclusion, online gaming is more than just a pastime; it’s a cultural phenomenon that shapes our interactions, narratives, and even ourselves. From the breathtaking landscapes we explore to the communities we forge, online games offer a kaleidoscope of experiences that blur the lines between fantasy and reality. As technology continues to evolve, so too will the possibilities of online gaming, inviting us to step into ever-more immersive worlds and forge connections that transcend the limitations of the physical world. So, pick up your controller, strap on your VR headset, and dive into the adventure – the virtual realm awaits, brimming with lessons, connections, and untold stories just waiting to be discovered.

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The Book Of Me: Prompt 59 --Task Reflections If you are not familiar with this wonderful project that was created by Julie Goucher of the Angler's Rest blog, please refer to this link: This week's prompt is - Task Reflections Write a list of each task you undertake for any given day. Include the fine details of the tasks taking milk out of the fridge to add to a drink - what was the milk in? a jug, quart container? Compare those tasks to an ancestor - someone born in the late 19th Century or early 20th Century and preferably someone that you knew or remember. Record and discuss the differences What of those discoveries has impacted on you? I am going to compare my mother's list of daytime "To Dos" to mine. I'll be looking at daybreak through dinnertime. Once I'm done writing for this prompt, I am going to share this information with my kids. I can't wait to see their reaction to some of these things. Mom (timeframe late 1970's) This isn't my father's alarm clock but it was in the style of the one that I remembered. She woke up when my father's alarm clock went off. She would already have her clothes laid out and ready. The night before, I know she would have paid special attention to the weather report which she would have seen on our Zenith color console TV in the living room. You know the type of television that was more like a piece of furniture than just a TV. Obviously not a picture of the one we had but it gives you an idea of what I'm talking about :) She would go down to the kitchen and make coffee. Coffee was brewed in an old percolating coffee pot. I remember that I thought it was extremely cool to see the coffee bubble up on the inside of the clear knob on the lid. She would set up breakfast for my brother and I. For me, usually some sort of cereal. If it was hot cereal, it would be instant Cream of Wheat. Cold cereal choices were usually Raisin Bran, Cookie Crisps, or Captain Crunch. Milk for the cereal came in a carton. After setting up breakfast, she would wake my brother. I believe he would use the bathroom and get cleaned up while I ate breakfast and then we would switch. Lunches were already made from the night before. Sandwiches were kept in the refrigerator. All she had to do in the morning was assemble everything. Mine went in my metal lunch box. I think my brother was at the age where he had outgrown the concept of the lunch box and he would brown paper bag it. Lunch for me was a sandwich, a thermos of juice usually Hi-C, and then something else on the side, maybe a couple of Hydrox or Vienna Fingers cookies. Everything was wrapped in plastic wrap, unless I was having tuna fish and then mom would wrap it in aluminum foil so the sandwich would stay colder longer. Image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons, Coffee Percolator. Image uploaded by Andreaze. My mother's coffee pot was similar to this. The knob on the lid of hers was clear so you could see the coffee bubble up as it was percolating. Picture of a Pete's Dragon Lunch Box. I had one of these. (smile) My parents leaning against the green Plymouth. Me (time frame --2014) I wake up at 6:55 am by my son's alarm clock. It's loud enough that I can hear it in my bedroom. I get up and go to the kitchen to make coffee. We have a Faberware drip coffee pot that I use that sits on the counter next to the Frigidaire glass top electric stove. The kids and I all get up at the same time. They usually will watch a video on the ipad until breakfast is ready. My son usually eats pancakes or cereal. The pancakes are frozen Eggos that can be nuked in the microwave. If he chooses cereal, then it's Cinnamon Toast Crunch. My daughter usually chooses cereal. Her tastes in cereal are a bit more varied. She chooses from Cornflakes, Cheerios, Cracklin' Oat Bran or Weetabix. If those cereals don't sound appealing then you guessed it, it's Cinnamon Toast Crunch. I set up breakfast for them. The one that finishes first hits the shower while the other finishes their food. Then then it's the other one's turn. I make lunches. Instead of lunch boxes, the kids have insulated lunch bags. My son's is easy. He eats the same sandwich every day, Sunbutter and jelly. I pack two drinks, a water and a Capri Sun lemonade. Then I will cut up an apple into slices. Half of the slices go to each child. Along with that I include a snack size bag of chips and cookies. Both come prepackaged so there's no need for plastic wrap. I pack his sandwich in a Tupperware. My daughter doesn't care for sandwiches so I make her a salad and pack that in Tupperware as well. Then I add a bag of chips or pretzels, the apple slices and again some cookies. Before the kids get dressed, I check Accuweather on the computer to see what the weather is going to be like for the day to ensure they are dressed appropriately. Once they are dressed and backpacks are packed they head outside to catch the school bus. I have to admit that the sight of that yellow bus coming up the hill on some mornings is such a relief. Once there off, I pack lunch for the hubby and then work on some household chores like doing dishes, laundry, and vacuuming. When I get tired of chores, I take a break to drink more coffee and check emails, Facebook etc. If the whim hits me and time permits, I'll work on a blog post. My afternoons, I usually spend running errands like going to the post office or grocery store. On other days it is Target to pick up something the kids may need. I return home in time to see my children off the bus. Then I make a snack for them of some cut up fruit or they can pick something from the snack bin in the cupboard. I cook dinner on that Frigidaire stove I mentioned earlier. After dinner, I help the kids with their homework and that's usually when my husband comes home. I greet him and ask him about his day and then go about heating up dinner for him. If the food has already been cooked, I'll reheat it in the microwave oven. My mother and I are just one generation apart. She was born closer to the middle of the 20th century rather than the beginning of it. Even though the span of time may not be so great, I am still amazed at all the technological changes that have taken place from the 1970's until now. I must finish these prompts! 2015 is almost here. Aacckk!

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The Obama years sprang some unwanted surprises on Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu -- like secret nuclear talks with Iran. This week, in his first White House visit with President Donald Trump, Netanyahu’s priority will be to make sure Israel is kept in the loop and that the two countries’ positions are generally aligned, according to Michael Oren, Israel’s ambassador to the U.S. for much of Barack Obama’s term. “The overriding goal will be to restore the relationship so that there are no surprises and no daylight,” said Oren, now a deputy minister in the prime minister’s office. “He’ll want to restore the alliance and make sure the U.S. is, above all, standing by Israel and working together with Israel to fight common threats.” Netanyahu is trying to recalibrate ties with Israel’s top ally after eight years of high-profile clashes with Obama. He sees a chance for a warmer relationship with Trump, who shares his alarm over the Iran nuclear deal and Islamist extremists. Sunday evening, after a Cabinet discussion about the trip, the prime minister’s office said by text that the two leaders would discuss Iran, Syria and the Palestinians, and relations with the new administration. “All the ministers agreed on the great importance of tightening the relations with the United States,” Netanyahu’s office said in the statement, “both on the governmental level and the personal level.” Trump, in an interview published Sunday in the Israel Hayom newspaper, called the prime minister “a good man” and said the two have “always had good chemistry.” But there could be some hiccups. The White House has sent mixed messages on Israeli settlements -- saying existing ones are not an obstacle to peace but new ones are unhelpful -- and seems in no hurry to fulfill a campaign pledge to move the U.S. embassy to Jerusalem from Tel Aviv, a measure likely to anger Palestinians and Muslims elsewhere. Trump himself sharpened that theme with Israel Hayom, telling the paper -- bankrolled by Netanyahu’s billionaire supporter Sheldon Adelson -- he’s “not somebody that believes that going forward with these settlements is a good thing for peace.” He said he was “studying” the proposed embassy move, and “we will see what happens.” Netanyahu is facing pressure from the settlement movement and his chief political rival, Education Minister Naftali Bennett of the Jewish Home party, to push for more construction, annex parts of the West Bank and disavow his commitment to Palestinian statehood. On Sunday the prime minister acknowledged the “great excitement” the visit had caused among settlement supporters, but also said it wasn’t realistic to think Israel would be able to build without limits and that it was important not to provoke the new administration, Channel 2 television reported. More likely, according to a senior official close to the prime minister, is that Netanyahu will outline for Trump his vision of a demilitarized Palestinian state with land swaps, and give the new president time to form a coherent policy on the issue. The official spoke on condition of anonymity to discuss confidential conversations. Netanyahu “will probably try to tell Trump that Israel won’t surprise him,” said Joshua Teitelbaum of the Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies outside Tel Aviv. “It’s all about coordinating and reducing unnecessary surprises.” Even if Trump and Netanyahu don’t agree on everything, the simple optics of improved relations can be important. By showing Israel is a valued ally, the U.S. gives the Jewish state leverage with its neighbors, said Israel Katz, who serves as intelligence minister in Netanyahu’s cabinet. “Countries in the region understand we are an agent that they need to be close to the U.S.” Katz said in an interview in Tel Aviv. “We are seeing several examples of this already happening, with Israel acting as a go-between with countries in the region and the U.S.” In December, Israel enlisted Trump to try to quash a United Nations Security Council resolution condemning Israeli settlements. While Egypt pulled the initial draft, other countries sponsored it and it passed after the Obama administration rejected Trump’s call to veto the measure. Keep up with the best of Bloomberg Politics. Get our newsletter daily. Enter your email Last week’s trip to London offered a snapshot of Netanyahu’s priorities. After meeting with U.K. Prime Minister Theresa May, whose support he sought for new sanctions against Iran, Netanyahu was asked by reporters whether the settlement construction Israel has announced since Trump’s Jan. 20 inauguration -- more than 6,000 units in the West Bank and East Jerusalem -- had been coordinated with Trump. The prime minister said the White House had been briefed. “We do not surprise our friends,” he said. “We keep them updated.” Contact: Manager Gao Add: Wire Mesh Zone,Anping County,Hebei Province,China.

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I will be on the road again. I will be attending and presenting at the National Association of School Psychologists (NASP) conference in Chicago. I will be gone Monday thru Saturday of this coming week. I don't expect much time to blog...except for possible "push" type FYI posts re: content posted at other blogs.....or...mobile blogging (check out the link.....it is very cool...but, of course, I tend to be a tech nerd)...... Also, I may do some Tweeting from the conference via Twitter. My Twitter ID is @iqmobile. The hash tag for all people who may tweet from NASP is #nasp2010. I shall return. Technorati Tags: psychology, IQs Corner, Intelligence, travel

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Caryn Foster Durham Senior Director, Corporate Communications Caryn Foster Durham Senior Director, Corporate Communications First and only naloxone product specifically intended for emergency administration by family members or caregivers in settings where opioids may be present Richmond, Va. (April 3, 2014) – Kaléo (formerly Intelliject) today announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved EVZIO™(naloxone hydrochloride injection) for the emergency treatment of known or suspected opioid overdose, as manifested by respiratory and/or central nervous system depression. EVZIO is the first and only naloxone auto-injector intended to be available for immediate administration by family members or caregivers for suspected opioid overdose in settings where opioids may be present.1 Opioids are part of a class of pain medications that work by binding to receptors in the brain that affect the body’s perception of pain, and can cause fatal overdose when the amount of drug in the body is too high.2 Opioids are used to treat pain associated with a variety of acute and chronic medical conditions. According to the Institute of Medicine, chronic pain affects about 100 million American adults – more than the total affected by heart disease, cancer and diabetes combined.3 More than 16,000 Americans die each year from prescription opioid overdose, and accidental drug poisoning has surpassed automobile collisions as the leading cause of accidental death in the U.S., driven largely by prescription opioids.4,5 Naloxone, the active ingredient in EVZIO, has been used for more than 40 years for reversal of respiratory depression due to opioid overdose, but has been primarily used by emergency medical services, other medical professionals and in limited naloxone distribution programs.6 EVZIO will be available to patients and their family members or caregivers via a healthcare professional’s prescription. EVZIO should be administered as quickly as possible when an opioid overdose is suspected because prolonged respiratory depression may result in damage to the central nervous system or death. Because people experiencing an opioid overdose generally lose consciousness, in most cases, family members or caregivers will likely be the ones who administer EVZIO. EVZIO uses voice and visual cues to assist in guiding a user through the injection process.1 “Kaléo was founded on the idea that patients are true experts on how their conditions impact their lives, and EVZIO was developed with patient and caregiver input throughout to make sure it would be easy to use in stressful opioid emergencies with limited training,” said Eric Edwards, MD, PhD, Chief Medical Officer of Kaléo. “Immediate availability of EVZIO for family members and caregivers to administer during a suspected opioid overdose has the potential to save many lives.” “All patients taking an opioid pain medication accept some risk of potential overdose. No medication is side effect free, and potent pain relieving opioids have a narrow window of effectiveness, with some very serious possible side effects including potentially life-threatening respiratory depression,” said Allen Burton, MD,7 anesthesiologist and pain specialist at Houston Pain Centers and former chairman of the department of pain medicine at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. “Until now, most people had to rely on emergency medical care to get access to an opioid reversal agent. Having naloxone available for use by caregivers as soon as signs of overdose are observed means an earlier intervention and better chance of survival.” The new drug application (NDA) for EVZIO was granted Fast Track status and received a priority review by the FDA, which are regulatory pathways to accelerate the review and approval of products that fill an unmet medical need. EVZIO is expected to be available this summer through all major pharmacies and via mail order with a healthcare professional’s prescription. An assistance program will be available to help patients gain access to EVZIO. “The FDA approval of EVZIO furthers our mission to make lifesaving products that put patients first,” said Spencer Williamson, CEO of Kaléo. “We are thankful to the patients and caregivers whose input guided the development process and resulted in an intuitive and important product we’re proud to bring to market.” For more information on EVZIO, visit www.EVZIO.com. Conference Call for Media Kaléo will host a briefing for members of the media on Thursday, April 3, 2014, at 12 p.m. ET. Media can call 1-888-771-4371, confirmation number 37036155. The panel of speakers will include: About Opioid Overdose Opioid overdose can cause a person’s breathing to severely slow down and even stop. Opioid medications have a relatively narrow therapeutic window, meaning that even small changes – such as a single extra dose or the addition of a small amount of alcohol – can cause a potentially fatal overdose.8 Some risk factors for overdose include: history of substance abuse or dependence, taking high doses of opioids,6 no previous history of taking opioids,9 a recent dosage increase, extended-release or long-acting opioids,10 taking certain antidepressants like monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) or certain drugs for anxiety, and a history of respiratory conditions such as asthma, COPD and sleep apnea.6 In addition, children living with someone consuming prescription opioids have been shown to be at increased risk.11 Signs and symptoms of opioid overdose include very slow or absent breathing, loss of consciousness, extremely small pupils, and slow heartbeat.2 EVZIO is a pre-filled, single-use auto-injector that works by temporarily blocking the effect of an opioid, potentially reversing the life-threatening respiratory depression and allowing the recipient to breathe more regularly. Once the effects of EVZIO wear off, the overdose symptoms may reappear and additional naloxone may be required. There is no potential for abuse or dependence with naloxone.1 Each EVZIO delivers 0.4 mg naloxone hydrochloride injection (0.4 mL). EVZIO is an opioid antagonist indicated for the emergency treatment of known or suspected opioid overdose, as manifested by respiratory and/or central nervous system depression. EVZIO is intended for immediate administration as emergency therapy in settings where opioids may be present. EVZIO is not a substitute for emergency medical care. Important Safety Information The following is important safety information associated with dosing and administration of EVZIO: The following precautions should be taken when administering EVZIO: Consider other supportive and/or resuscitative measures while awaiting emergency medical assistance. Abrupt reversal of opioid effects in persons who were physically dependent on opioids has precipitated signs and symptoms of opioid withdrawal including: body aches, fever, sweating, runny nose, sneezing, piloerection, yawning, weakness, shivering or trembling, nervousness, restlessness or irritability, diarrhea, nausea or vomiting, abdominal cramps, increased blood pressure, tachycardia. In the neonate, opioid withdrawal signs and symptoms also included: convulsions, excessive crying, hyperactive reflexes. Use in Post-Operative Settings: The following adverse reactions have been identified during use of naloxone hydrochloride in the post-operative setting: hypotension, hypertension, ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation, dyspnea, pulmonary edema, and cardiac arrest. Death, coma, and encephalopathy have been reported as sequelae of these events. Excessive doses of naloxone hydrochloride in post-operative patients have resulted in significant reversal of analgesia and has caused agitation. You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit www.fda.gov/medwatch or call 1-800-FDA-1088. Please click here for full Prescribing Information. Kaléo (formerly Intelliject) is a pharmaceutical company dedicated to putting a new generation of life-saving personal medical products in patients’ hands. The company’s first product, Auvi-Q™ (www.Auvi-Q.com) (Allerject™ in Canada), was licensed to Sanofi US which launched the product in early 2013. Our mission is to provide demonstrably superior medical products that empower patients and caregivers to confidently take control in potentially life-threatening situations. We believe patients and caregivers are the experts on how their medical condition impacts their lives, and are an integral part of our product development process. Each Kaléo product combines an established drug with an innovative delivery platform with the goal of achieving superiority and cost effectiveness. Kaléo is a privately held company headquartered in Richmond, Virginia. For more information, visit kaleo.com. © 2014 kaleo, Inc. All rights reserved. PP-EVZ-US-0016 April 2014 1 EVZIO Prescribing Information. 2014. 2 SAMHSA Opioid Overdose Prevention Toolkit Safety Advice for Patients. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 13-4742. 3 Institute of Medicine. Relieving Pain in America A Blueprint for Transforming Prevention, Care, Education, and Research. June 2011. 4 National Center for Health Statistics. NCHS data on drug poisoning deaths. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/factsheets/factsheet_drug_poisoning.pdf. Updated December 2012 5 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Opioid-related deaths continue to increase. http://media.jsonline.com/images/OPIOIDS20GFIX.jpg. 6 Leavitt, S. Intranasal Naloxone for At-Home Opioid Rescue. Practical Pain Management. Oct 2013. 7 Editor’s Note: Dr. Burton has a consulting agreement with Kaléo, Inc. 8 Boyer, E. Management of Opioid Analgesic Overdose. N Engl J Med 2012; 367 9 Manchikanti, L. Opioid Epidemic in the United States. Pain Physician. 2012;15;ES9-ES38. 10 Food and Drug Administration. FDA blueprint for prescriber education for extended-release and long-acting opioid analgesics. http://www.fda.gov/ucm/groups/fdagov-public/@fdagov-drugs-gen/documents/document/ucm277916.pdf. Published 2013 11 Burghardt, L. et al. Pediatrics. Adult Prescription Drug Use and Ped. Medication Exposure 2013

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February 14, 2006 Before Scary Movie, there was Student Bodies. I certainly don’t mean to imply that Student Bodies invented the horror spoof – or even perfected it…both honors that belong to Mel Brooks. But it definitely holds a special place in my heart – because it’s just SO FUCKING GOOFY. The rubber chicken? The horsehead bookends? The body count? Malvert? The key to the movie is Malvert. Without Malvert, the movie is nothing. Or to be more precise, without Malvert’s bizarre double joints and red pee – the movie is nothing. That dude is barely human. Using an actor solely for his or her disgusting and abhorrent physical appearance is wrong – but effective. How else can you explain Pamela Anderson’s career longevity? Another thing that stands out about Student Bodies is the ridiculous amount of product placement throughout the film. Dr. Pepper and Kentucky Fried Chicken figure largely in almost every scene. These days, product placement of that magnitude would cost millions – back in the 80s, it probably cost free soda and chicken for the duration of the shoot. Around the same time that Student Bodies was released, a similarly themed spoof called Pandemonium was also released. Having remembered watching Pandemonium repeatedly as kid, but not remembering the name, I was under the impression that I had seen Student Bodies as a kid instead, until I saw a bit of Pandemonium on cable a few years ago. I then realized that I *did* see Student Bodies for the first time in college. The total lack of memory was NOT because I was stoned – I really had never seen the movie at all. I’m hoping to catch Pandemonium again in full, as to do a full comparison. The obvious difference is that Student Bodies has a cast of unknowns and Pandemonium was full of B-List Celebrities like as Tom Smothers and Eileen Brennan. I’m not quite sure how that translates to quality – in all likelihood, it doesn’t. Rating – R Runtime – 86 minutes Genre – Horror Spoof Director(s) – Mickey Rose Writer(s) – Mickey Rose Actor(s) – Kristen Riter, Matthew Goldsby, Richard Brando, Joe Flood, The Stick BOB Rating – Four BOBs Favorite Quote – "I'm talking to you through a rubber chicken" - The Breather (Richard Brando)

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Zajímavý článek o tradici okrašlovacích spolků Rádi bychom vám zprostředkovali velmi zajímavý článek o tradici a významu okrašlovacích spolků, který napsala Dana Zajoncová pro server Kulturně historické dědictví kolem nás. Dana Zajoncová: Kulturně historické dědictví v péči místních komunit Pojem kulturně historické dědictví je v českém prostředí nejčastěji spojován se zápisem našich nejvýznamnějších národních památek na seznam UNESCO. Anglosaské pojetí termínu dědictví ve smyslu „heritage“ zahrnuje kulturu i přírodu. Památky vnímá komplexně v kontextu krajiny, v níž se utvářely. Krajina je přitom místem společné paměti. Kromě světově uznávaných kulturně, historicky a přírodně významných míst, existují významná místa i v rámci menších územních celků – na úrovni regionu, města, vesnice. Nejsou tak atraktivní jako místa uvedená na světově známém seznamu, ale jsou důležitá proto, že si jich cení obyvatelé žijící v jejich okolí./1 Místo lze charakterizovat jako konkrétně vymezený prostor v krajině, který svou velikostí odpovídá lidským rozměrům. Je lehce dostupné pěší chůzí, případně veřejným dopravním prostředkem. Leží „od nás“ na dohled, známe ho. Existují naše tajná oblíbená místa, ale také veřejná místa. Jestliže chybějí ta první, neexistuje pocit sounáležitosti s krajinou, pokud ta druhá, vytrácí se pocit sounáležitosti mezi lidmi./2 Pocit sounáležitosti k něčemu vytváří vztah, který se prohlubuje naší starostlivostí, péčí a aktivitou ve vztahu k místu. Konkrétní místa jsou cílem našich pozitivních i negativních zásahů. Někdy se staráme a přejeme si mít to kolem sebe co nejpěknější. Těší nás truhlíky v oknech a rozčiluje hluk od silnice. V létě chválíme rozkvetlé zahrádky, v zimě sypeme ptáčkům, kteří se ozývají z křoví při okraji chodníku. Dotýká se nás, že v ulici ořezali kaštany, kaplička že je oprýskaná, autobusová zastávka rozbitá, v parku někdo poházel odpadky. Zraňují nás nápadné změny. Nový hypermarket místo pole obilí, lán kukuřice namísto malých políček dělených trnkovou mezí. Místa vtiskují identitu větším celkům vesnice, města, krajiny. Místní dědictví jako veřejné téma není ničím novým. Objevuje se po celou dobu existence občanské společnosti, ať už v ryze praktických souvislostech jeho každodenního užívání a udržování, v diskusích nad jeho minulostí a budoucností či v teoretičtějších úvahách nad jeho smyslem. V tomto článku bych se chtěla zabývat historickými podobami lidského vztahu k místu tak, jak jej pro české země můžeme sledovat na základě analýzy novodobých historických pramenů. Konkrétně představím dobrovolné organizace, jimž byla péče o blízká místa obsahovou náplní. Kulturně historické dědictví v péči místních komunit V české historii figurují pod označením okrašlovací spolky. Na základě dokumentů z jejich vlastní rodukce přiblížím charakter činnosti a způsob práce, jakými se k místům tato dobrovolná uskupení vztahovala, a odvodím i teoretické zázemí, na kterém stavěla. Naznačím dějinné pozadí vzniku okrašlovacích spolků dané politickou a hospodářskou situací, postupně se budu věnovat jednotlivým pojmům z jejich klasického slovníku. Spojení ochrana domoviny, péče o památky a krajinný ráz označují nástroje, které se konstituovaly během rozvíjení uvědomělého vztahu k místu. Termíny jako místní dědictví, komunita a její udržitelný rozvoj či veřejná prostranství znovu ožila s obnovením české občanské společnosti po roce 1989. Tradice desetiletími přerušená a zapomenutá způsobila, že nebylo téměř na co navazovat. Bylo jednodušší využít žité inspirace zahraniční než polomrtvé zkušenosti domácí. Ve třetí části se tedy budu snažit naznačit paralely péče o místní dědictví v podobě, v jaké probíhají v současné době. Neopomenu zmínit ani netradiční přístup k místům, který okrašlování ze své podstaty odmítá. Na závěr si dovolím upozornit alespoň na některé environmentální aspekty, které vztah k místu má. Závažnost ekologických problémů je dnes sice již víceméně veřejně přijímaná, ovšem spíše na úrovni teoretické shody než vnímání environmentální zátěže dané běžným lidským provozem. Vztah k místu je přitom velice konkrétní cestou, jak environmentální problémy promýšlet jak na osobní, tak na místní společenské úrovni. Dějiny okrašlovacích spolků Vztah lokální komunity k místnímu kulturně historickému dědictví se jako veřejný zájem formuje od druhé poloviny 19. století v podobě okrašlovacích spolků. Historickou éru okrašlovacích spolků ohraničuje rok 1861, kdy byl založen první spolek v Kutné Hoře, a rok 1951, kdy byly spolky donuceny k zániku. Dalším určujícím mezníkem je založení Svazu českých spolků okrašlovacích v království českém roku 1904. V roce 1880 existovalo 28 českých okrašlovacích spolků, v době založení svazu jich bylo 237. Maximálního počtu 402 spolků bylo v českých městech dosaženo k roku 1913./3 Důvody vzniku okrašlovacích spolků odpovídají obecným okolnostem formování spolkové činnosti. Prakticky vychází ze sociálních norem a legislativních možností daného historického období. Vznikají mimo státní nařízení a úřední direkci tzv. zezdola z lidské potřeby „sdružovat se a sbližovat se s lidmi v různých ohledech blízkých k aktivnímu prožití volného času, zaměřenému na společností pozitivně hodnocené cíle“. /4 Vytvářejí prostor pro zájmovou činnost a volnočasové aktivity. Uvolnění společenského života odráželo závažné politické změny rakouské monarchie 50. a 60. let 19. století. Oproti upjatým 50. létům, jež charakterizovalo nucené přerušení politického života a pozastavení vydávání tiskovin, se 60. léta začala rozvíjet v návaznosti na vydání Říjnového diplomu./5 Následná legislativní opatření již vznikala v součinnosti se zákonně shromážděnými zemskými sněmy nebo říšskou radou. Obnovení veřejného politického života se nejvýrazněji projevilo vydáváním tisku a obnovením přerušeného spolkového života./6 Další razantní změna vnitropolitické situace je vázána na jednání o rakousko-uherském vyrovnání. Kostrou reformní činnosti se staly ústavní zákony, jež se mimo jiné vyjadřovaly k právu spolkovému. Zákon z roku 1852 spolkový život paralyzoval nemožností zahájit činnost bez zvláštního povolení. Zákon č. 134 z 15. listopadu 1867 na rozdíl od dosavadní praxe automaticky připouštěl každý spolek, který nebyl úředně zakázán do čtyř dnů od jeho ohlášení. Zákon č. 135 povoloval veřejné průvody pod širým nebem, souhlasil i se shromažďováním občanů v uzavřených místnostech. Výčet občanských práv shromažďovacího, spolkového, petičního a svobody projevu shrnoval zákon č. 142/1867 ř. z. ze dne 21. prosince 1867. Pro další působení spolků mělo nemalý význam také přiznání rovnoprávnosti všech národů monarchie s právem každého národa na ochranu a pěstování vlastního jazyka a národnosti. Citované zákony náležely k významné řadě zákonů tvořících komplex tzv. prosincové ústavy z roku 1867, na níž se zakládal nový politický systém konstituční monarchie. Z uvolněného prostoru spolkového života později vzešly politické strany./7 Politický vývoj po roce 1867 vyvolal skutečný hospodářský rozmach. Stabilizace střední Evropy po prusko-francouzské válce se projevila doslova „zakladatelskou horečkou“./8 Lidská práce a přírodní síla vody a větru dosud využívané pro veškerou zemědělskou a hospodářskou činnost, byly postupně nahrazovány energií fosilních paliv uvolňovanou ze zemských hlubin. Kvalitativně to převrátilo ekonomickou základnu, jejímž symbolem se stal vysoce výkonný mobilní parní stroj nezávislý na klimatických podmínkách. Rychlé a impozantní výsledky průmyslové revoluce zásadně změnily dosavadní sociální strukturu společnosti, včetně jejího přírodního a krajinného zázemí./9 Krajina byla ve stále masovější míře zaplavována projevy průmyslového rozvoje, zejména těžbou uhlí a hutnictvím železa, které se začalo využívat pro základy stavebních konstrukcí. Továrny a železniční doprava byly v krajině zřejmě těmi nejvýraznějšími zásahy. Stoletími ustálená krajina si dosud udržovala podobu „malých parcel, kolem nichž byl na mezích a remízkách prostor pro keře a byliny. V polích stály vysoké stromové solitéry, vytvářející krajinné dominanty. Rozptýlená zeleň skýtala útočiště velkému množství zvířat. … zjev české krajiny … byl dán hustým osídlením, propojeným četnými komunikacemi – polními a lesními cestami. Podle nich byly vysázeny aleje a stromořadí.“/10 Tento popis se stal typickým obrazem české krajiny, přes jehož prizma hodnotíme reálnou krajinu dodnes. Skutečná podoba krajiny se prolíná s představou ztvárněnou do výtvarných děl krajinářů od baroka až po 19. století. Nejoblíbenějším krajinným motivem je rozvolněná parková krajina se solitérními dřevinami. Krajina těchto proporcí je vnímána jako harmonická. V reálném prostředí svým uspořádáním i měřítkem odpovídá biotopu pastvin./11 Není to příroda bez vlivu člověka. Je založena na energetickém vkladu člověka, který vlastní fyzickou práci investoval do přeměny nehostinné přírody na obyvatelnou krajinu. Vyvážený vztah člověka a přírody byl dosažen jejich neustálým přetlačováním. Přeměna se však děla dlouhodobě a nezamýšleně. Doprovázela hospodářskou činnost nezbytnou pro existenci člověka, vznikla jako nezáměrný vedlejší produkt jeho zemědělské činnosti. V krajinné ekologii bývá označována jako sekundární homeostáza. Ačkoliv dnes běžně užívaná spojení národní památka, národní kulturní památka či ochrana národního dědictví už nejsou chápána nacionálně, snaha vymezovat domácí vůči cizímu je z jejich podtextu stále citelná. Podobně označení domovina je konotováno s tendencemi upřednostňování vlastního národa. Spojení ochrana domoviny, v německém originále „Landschafts- und Heimatschutz“, poprvé užil Ernst Rudorff/12 v roce 1880. V článku „Über das Verhältnis des moderen legend zur Natur“ vybírá z děl německých básníků a hudebníků, kteří v přírodě hledali uměleckou inspiraci. Po vzoru romantiků Rudorff vyzdvihuje spojení přírody a národa a považuje ho za posvátné. V duchu obrozeneckých národnostních úvah zdůrazňuje výlučný německý národní cit pro přírodu./13 Název jeho přednášky „Ochrana krajinné přírody a historických památek Německa“, kterou pronesl v roce 1892 k všeněmeckému spolku, přibližuje význam jeho myšlenek pro rozvoj hnutí ochrany domoviny. Ochrana domoviny jako společenský cíl je produktem období formování moderních evropských států. Časově se shoduje s obdobím doznívajícího národního obrození. Literární teoretik Vladimír Macura téma národního obrození představuje v rovině představy, dokonce snu. Tato symbolická rovina má váhu zvláště v počátečním období národního uvědomování. Zachycuje české země v období touhy a „vzepětí po něčem, co není samozřejmé, bezprostředně dané, co je sice krásné ‚na pohled‘, ale přitom nemůže být spatřeno, co je krajinou touhy a stesku, krajinou nedosažitelného ideálu“./14 V první třetině 19. století byly Čechy v literárních textech přirovnávány ke „ztracenému ráji“, „vzdálené a nedosažitelné otčině“, „nadpozemskému ráji všech krás“./15 Česká společnost poslední třetiny 19. století svou identitu nevymezuje již tak ostře. Prosincová ústava z roku 1867 v jednom výčtu shrnuje národnostní a občanské svobody, které určují podmínky dalšího společenského rozvoje. Spolková činnost, jako jeden z nejvýraznějších projevů vznikající občanské angažovanosti, se formuje na pozadí těchto uznaných svobod. Praktická činnost okrašlovacích spolků i myšlenkové úvahy s tím spojené jsou přitom ovlivňovány faktory dvojího druhu. Především krajinou v jejích reálných proporcích daných mírou lidských zásahů do přírody. Ochrana domoviny se již nevztahuje ke krajině vlasteneckým sentimentem posunuté „do polohy ideologického projektu, posvátné vize, cíle, kterého má být teprve dosaženo, ale který je současně od počátku vnímán jako nedosažitelný“./16 Zaměřuje se značně prakticky na udržování, péči a starostlivost o českou krajinu, domácí prostředí. Pro tyto účely vznikají nejprve návodné příručky, posléze i teoretická pojednání. Některé z nich naznačují, jak byl pojem domoviny chápán v národnostním smyslu. Dobová sdělení spíše než rivalitou zavání překvapivou ochotou přijmout německé příklady za vzor. Expanzní snaha proniknout s českou kulturou a jazykem do oblastí s převážně německým vlivem se zdá být minulostí. Např. z pramene z roku 1911 je patrná snaha o nápodobu či vyrovnání se německému ideálu pečlivosti, čistoty a ohledu k okolnímu prostředí. Starosta Svazu českých spolků pro okrašlování a ochranu domoviny v Čechách, na Moravě a ve Slezsku Jan Urban Jarník se neostýchá vyzdvihnout přístup německých obyvatel českých zemí jako vzor hodný následování: „V krajinách Němci obydlených jest jinak. A jest smutno viděti, že tato neláska a nepochopení pro význam stromů se jeví u nás často právě v krajích obývaných Čechy, kdežto naši krajané druhé národnosti si vedou ve věci té jinak a správněji. Což není to krvavá satira, musí-li přítel stromoví, Čech, chtěje přiměti starostu českého místa na rozhraní národnostním k tomu, by se přičinil o vysázení stromoví na pustých a holých pozemcích obecních, užiti tohoto drastického výroku: ‚Hleďte, pane starosto, zde není třeba označení, kde končí katastr obce vaší a kde začíná katastr sousední obce německé. Stačí všimnouti si, kde jsou místa pečlivě osázena stromovím ať v podobě stromořadí, ať v podobě souvislých sadů: tj. katastr osady německé, kdežto ta poušť, ta nedbalost, ta neláska ku stromoví jest karakteristickou známkou obce vaší.‘“/17 V úryvku zaznívají slova obdivu k ohleduplnosti německých sousedů. Vlastenectví se projevuje spíše soutěživě ve snaze kulturně se německé oblasti vyrovnat, Němci jsou zváni „krajany druhé národnosti“. Z prostudovaných pramenů nevyplývá oproti očekáváním žádný náznak ostychu ze skutečnosti, že inspirace byla převzata z německé strany. Také v článcích, recenzních zprávách a příkladech dobré praxe pravidelně publikovaných ve svazovém periodiku Krása našeho domova lze najít množství odkazů na německy psanou literaturu i zkušenosti německých spolků. Naznačený paradox nejvýrazněji vystupuje v samotném faktu, že celý koncept byl převzat z Pruska, tj. etnicky německé oblasti./18 Jedno z možných vysvětlení lze hledat v základním motivu vedoucím k ochranné, resp. okrašlovací aktivitě. Hlavní spouštěcí mechanismus se odvíjel mimo národnostní rovinu, vězel v pocitu neladu vnímaném v krajině. První propagátor ochrany domoviny Ernst Rudorff působil v Berlíně, centru Pruska. Myšlenky, z nichž postupně uzrávala spolková činnost pro ochranu domoviny, vycházely z jeho zkušenosti pobytu v krajině, k níž měl citovou vazbu. Nevzpomínal na okolí Berlína, nýbrž na oblast Weserberglande a Lauenstein ležící jihovýchodně od Hannoveru mezi řekami Leine a Weserou. Na místa, kde opakovaně prožíval letní prázdniny. Pozoroval, jak scelování zemědělské půdy ničí přirozenou lákavost krajiny. Nepříjemný rozpor mezi svými vzpomínkami a reálnou situací řešil vlastní aktivitou. Začal plánovat vysazování nových keřů a stromů. Praktickou ochranu domoviny posléze financoval z vlastních prostředků. Desetiletí ještě trvalo, než začal být jeho příklad napodobován v podobě spolkové činnosti./19 V roce 1904 se Rudorffova snaha projevila založením německého svazu pro ochranu domoviny „Deutscher Bund Heimatschutz“./20 V témže roce je v Praze založena česká obdoba, Svaz českých spolků okrašlovacích v království českém. V roce 1909 byla hlavní náplň Svazu posílena o tzv. ochranu domoviny, což se formálně projevilo změnou názvu na Svaz českých spolků pro okrašlování a ochranu domoviny v Čechách, na Moravě a ve Slezsku./21 Svaz měl mít podobně jako v Prusku i v Čechách celozemskou působnost./22 Péče o památky Koncept ochrany domoviny v praxi i teorii blízce souvisel s ochranou památek. Památkami byly myšleny movité i nemovité předměty či jejich soubory disponující historickou, uměleckou nebo přírodní hodnotou. Až do poloviny 20. století se památkou označují nejen umělecké artefakty a historické objekty, nýbrž i přírodní výtvory. Přírodní památkou byly myšleny „zvláště charakteristické útvary domácí přírody, v prvé řadě ty, které nacházejí se dosud na původním místě, ať již jde o části krajiny či zbytky světa živočišného neb rostlinného.“/23 Sousloví přírodní památka je překladem německého „Naturdenkmal“, jež v doslovném, poněkud archaickém znění „přírodní památník“ výrazně upomíná na minulost. Jak vysvětluje germanista Gerhard Schulz, důraz na dějinný charakter přírody byl odvozen z historického myšlení osvícenství. Přírodními památkami byly podle dobové definice prvky v přírodě, které zejména svou velikostí a stářím upomínaly na přírodní děje proběhlé v dávné minulosti. Typickými příklady byly mohutné skály, staré stromy, případně jejich kombinace./24 Termínem „monuments de la nature“ svůj obdiv k obrovským stromům poprvé vyjádřil Alexander von Humboldt při své badatelské cestě do Jižní Ameriky na samém počátku 19. století. Cestovatel Schweinfurt označil přírodní památkou obrovský balvan, který objevil při cestách Afrikou. Samotná definice pochází ze spisu „Die Gefährdung der Naturdenkmäler und Vorschläge zu ihrer Erhaltung,“ který v roce 1904 vydal Hugo Conwentz./25 Historická hodnota památek byla doceněna v souvislosti s odmítnutím slohového purismu. V polovině 19. století se památková péče profilovala v boji proti dogmatu o čistotě památek. Evropské památky byly zbavovány důkazů svého vývoje ve snaze rekonstruovat památku do původní slohové čistoty. Dosavadní uvažování i praktickou péči o památky shrnuje v roce 1903 Alois Riegl. V publikaci Moderní kult památek – jeho podstata a vývoj (Der moderne Denkmalkultus. Sein Wesen und Entstehung) odmítl normativní hodnocení a puristické restaurování památek. Předložil výklad historického vývoje památkové péče, na jehož základě zformuloval soubor hodnot moderní památkové péče./26 V souvislosti s minulostí rozlišuje v památkové péči hodnotu historickou a hodnotu stáří. Na rozdíl od hodnoty historické, která se váže pouze ke stavu památky v momentě jejího vzniku, vyzdvihuje hodnotu stáří. Hodnota stáří neboli dějinnosti vzniká uvědoměním minulosti a pomíjivosti. O dva roky později se Riegl v díle Nové směry v památkové péči (Neue Strömungen in der Denkmalpflege) vypořádává také s národnostní hodnotovou argumentací pro ochranu památek. Ostře kritizuje myšlenky německého historika umění Georga Dehia, který památky chápe výrazně nacionálně v identifikaci s němectvím: „Památku chráníme jako část národního bytí.“/27 Pro osvětlení hlubších motivů „kultu památek“ Riegl vybírá kauzu bourání měšťanských domů v rakouském městečku Weißenkirchen. K odstranění domů zde došlo kvůli plánu výstavby železnice, která podle Rieglova líčení „vyvolala upřímný zármutek některých příznivců památek“./28 Zkoumá, proč takové ztráty litujeme. V souladu s tezemi Moderního kultu památek jako rozhodující označuje hodnotu stáří. Stavba se stává opečovávanou památkou proto, že s sebou nese informaci o vlastní historii. Upamatovává na vývoj, kterým člověk a jeho výtvory prošli v čase, na „to, co je ‚staré‘ samo o sobě, co je nesoučasné, co je svědectví tvorby dřívějších lidských generací, jejichž potomky jsme my sami“./29 Jako korunního argumentu využívá příkladu památek přírodních, na nichž zakládá i kritiku Dehia. Uvědomuje si, že také v jádru ochrany přírodních prvků by mohl stát národnostní motiv. Uvádí případ vesnické lípy chráněné proto, že ji vysadili naši předkové. Takové zdůvodnění podle něj ovšem neplatí při ochraně stromu nebo skály v lese: „Proč ale potom cítíme jako zločin vztáhnout na ně ruku, pokácet strom, odstřelit skálu, a tak je jakoby připravit o život? Proč se domáháme také pro tyto přírodní výtvory práva, podle kterého by směly dožít jakoby nerušeně? Také v nich cítíme svědectví minulého bytí, života a tvoření, ale pochopitelně nikoli bytí národa a také ne bytí lidstva, jak tomu obecně bylo na dříve popsaném stupni vývoje, nýbrž bytí přírody.“/30 Tento bod lidského ohledu k přírodě nazývá Riegl vrcholným stupněm altruismu, k jakému může společnost dospět. Úsilí chránit památky je podle Riegla stejného druhu jako ochrana zvířat: „Pro obojí je rozhodující přání vyhnout se něčemu, co zraňuje naše subjektivní cítění, tedy nejen náš kolektivní cit pro lidskou důstojnost a již vůbec ne jen cit pro národní důstojnost. Pociťujeme čistě osobní zármutek, že staré domy ve Weißenkirchenu mají padnout./31 Riegl tento jev vysvětluje poukazem na individuálnost vývoje. Na člověka působí jedinečnost dochovaných historických staveb, uměleckých památek nebo přírodních prvků jako neopakovatelný příběh blíže neurčené osobní historie. Individuální životní příběh je chápán jako projev na člověku nezávislého dění. Zavazuje k ochraně, byť člověk disponuje sílou památky tohoto vývoje, nikoliv však vývoj samotný, zničit./32 Jako spojující článek přírody a člověka, doslova jejich přemostění, se profilovala ochrana rázu krajiny. Kategorie krajinného rázu byla u nás legislativně zakotvena až po roce 1989. Podle zákona č. 114/1992 Sb. o ochraně přírody a krajiny je krajinný ráz dán zejména přírodní, kulturní a historickou charakteristikou určitého místa či krajinné oblasti. Tyto charakteristiky společně vytvářejí určitou soustavou znaků, díky které je možno tu kterou krajinu identifikovat. V první čtvrtině 20. století, kdy se této kategorie začalo používat, se vycházelo z prostého pozorování. Rychlejší doprava, která se současně stala dostupnou široké populaci, umožnila projíždět krajinou i na dlouhé vzdálenosti a pozorovat její proměny. Jak ubíhala cesta, proměňoval se přirozený charakter krajiny a stávalo se zřejmé poznání, že každá krajina má svůj specifický ráz. Krajinnému charakteru podle dobových představ „ode dávna přizpůsobila se i duše obyvatel toho či onoho kraje, což vyjádřeno je v jeho díle, obytných staveních, užitkových stavbách, kostelech, hradech, božích mukách, ano i krajů, zvycích atd. Člověk a kraj splynuly spolu v jeden harmonický celek“./33 Pojem krajinného rázu odráží zkušenost, že různé typy krajin se pro člověka vyznačují různým působením. Jednotlivé krajové oblasti ani zcela konkrétně vymezená místa přitom nejsou charakterizována pouze přírodními podmínkami. Reflektují lokální kultury a jejich tradiční způsob života, hospodářství a zábavy. Krajová specifičnost propojuje přírodní krajinu s životním způsobem jejích obyvatel, který se staletími vylaďoval do víceméně rovnovážného stavu. Navenek je vyjádřena v krajových stavbách, nářečích a širokém spektru s tím souvisejících zvyků, které se při vzájemném srovnávání jednotlivých oblastí liší. Nešlo ovšem přehlédnout, že pozorovaná krajina se proměnila také s časem, a to nevratně. Pod vlivem ekonomického rozvoje se pojem krajinného rázu ustavil jako problém. Reagoval na snižování krajinné (a krajové) diverzity, tedy bohatosti a různorodosti krajinných forem a životních způsobů na ni vázaných: „Tu přichází XIX. století se svou všesvětovou civilisací, se svými budovami určenými pro celou Evropu, se svými technickými stavbami určenými čistě hmotařským účelům a je mu na příklad zcela lhostejno, postaví-li třebas nádraží jedné a téže šablony po celé železniční trati, ať probíhá nížinou, pahorkatinou či vysočinou, ať vede krajem lesnatým či bezlesým. Jedna taková stavba jako nádraží, elektrárna, továrna atd. zničí úplně harmonický celek krajiny a je s to úplně ho roztříštiti.“/34 Od druhé poloviny 19. století se profilovaly dva obory vycházející ze starostlivosti o lidské životní prostředí. Na proměny tradičně malebné krajiny reagovala jak ochrana přírody, tak památková péče. Max Dvořák v roce 1916 v úvodu ke Katechismu památkové péče (Katechismus der Denkmalpflege) líčí narušení rázu malého města. Výstižně popisuje změny, které se na dosud harmonickém propojení kulturních a přírodních prvků projevily nepříznivě: „… Kdo navštívil městečko N. před třiceti lety, mohl se nemálo potěšit půvabným obrazem starého krásného místa. … Od kostela se šlo spletí starých, malých domků, které nechávaly vysoký kostel čnít o to impozantněji, na přívětivé náměstí, kde bylo možno obdivovat důstojnou radnici ze 17. století s milou cibulovou bání. Doširoka rozkročené solidní měšťanské domy bez falešného a nadbytečného dekoru, a přece půvabné, všechny s podloubím a nepřevýšené, působily tak, že – skromně se podřídivše celkovému obrazu náměstí – ve své uzavřené jednotě musely vyvolat přes různou dobu v každém citlivém člověku vůbec podobné pocity pochopení, jako útulné prostory starého rodinného domu. Městečko bylo obehnáno polorozpadlými a popínavými rostlinami porostlými hradbami, na nichž obíhala pohodlná, pohledově tak pestrá promenáda; hradby byly prolomeny čtyřmi městskými branami a skýtaly svrchovaně malebné pohledy. … Dnes by návštěvník, který zde byl před třiceti lety, městečko sotva poznal. Starý farní kostel byl „restaurován“. Barokní věž byla snesena a nahrazena novou pseudogotickou, která se hodí do obrazu města jako strašák do růžové zahrady. … Ještě mnohem horší však byly škody natropené v sousedství kostela. Staré domy byly srovnány se zemí a nahrazeny takzvaným parkem, v němž pozvolna vadlo několik zakrslých keřů. V tomto prostředí vypadal dříve tak impozantní chrám nudně a zakrněle. … Znamenitá stará radnice byla demolována, udělala místo novostavbě, která vypadá jako něco mezi kasárnami a výstavním pavilonem. Útulné měšťanské domy musely ustoupit ohavným domům nájemním a obchodním, provedeným nepoctivě z laciného materiálu a podle vzorníků bez nejmenší stopy uměleckého citu. Městské brány byly odstraněny pod záminkou, že překáží zatím neexistující dopravě, městské hradby byly strženy, aby se město mohlo jednou – snad za sto let – rozrůstat. Zůstalo jen málo z někdejší krásy městečka, aniž by byla vytvořena nějaká umělecká náhrada. …“/35 Ač se úryvek týká pouze městského prostředí, dobře ilustruje aspekt společný jak pro památkovou péči, tak pro ochranu domoviny. Obě se nesouhlasně, ba aktivně stavěly proti změnám vnímaným nepříznivě. Degradovaly krajinné linky nezáměrně sladěné předchozím společným vývojem přírody a člověka. Svou roli přitom hrálo také lidské vnímání a způsob, jakým krajinu čteme. Při cestách nebo pobytu v krajině většinou vnímáme krajinu jako obraz nebo scénu, která na nás vizuálně působí. Tomu odpovídají i cizojazyčné ekvivalenty pro krajinný ráz, německý termín „Landschaftsbild“ a anglické spojení „Landscape Scene“. Pojem krajinného rázu v prvé řadě reflektuje fakt, že krajina na pozorovatele vizuálně působí, a vzbuzuje tak v něm určitý dojem. A vyvolaný pocit se mění s krajinou. „Ne pouze hodnota stáří, ale také požitek, který získáváme při vnímání památek v krajině, místním obraze a ve vzpomínkách, bez ohledu, zda jde o vesnickou kapli, ruinu, staré městečko či katedrálu, knížecí palác nebo muzeum s bohatými sbírkami…“/36 řadí krajinný ráz mezi estetické kategorie. S pomocí nástroje krajinného rázu nejenže dokážeme vnímat lokální odlišnosti a zvláštnosti, kterými se ta která krajina vyznačuje./37 Krajinný ráz je kategorií intuitivně rozpoznatelnou na základě osobního kontaktu a vlastního pozorování, bez znalosti vědecké definice. Krajina podobně jako obraz působí emocionálně souladem prostorových forem, tvarů a barev jednotlivých prvků, ale i zvuků a vůní./38 Obraz – krajina působí libost, jaká překračuje běžné zážitky lidského života a člověka odpoutává od materiálních starostí všedního dne. Tento postřeh vedl Maxe Dvořáka k docenění estetického působení památek a projevil se u něj také odmítnutím moderních technických staveb./39 Jmenovitě továrny, železnice a říční regulace považoval za ničitele „krásy starých sídel“./40 Také odborníci na ochranu domoviny např. právě Jan Svatopluk Procházka chápali nelad pozorovaný v krajině jako „esthetické pochybení“. Věřili, a v tom byl také smysl snahy veřejně působit prostřednictvím okrašlovacích spolků, že nastalou disharmonii je možné napravit. „Co značí okrašlovati?“ Okrašlovací spolky vznikaly převážně na malých městech. V druhé polovině 19. století jim šlo zejména o udržování čistého prostředí malých měst a jejich vylepšení ozeleněním./41 Sílící nespokojenost s „obrazem kraje“/42 dostala své vyjádření krajinného rázu, důležité kategorii ochrany domoviny. Ačkoliv ne vždy se názory a praxe ochrany domoviny a památkové péče shodovaly, přinejmenším motiv k činnosti měly shodný. Programovým úkolem ochrany domoviny podobně jako památkové péče bylo působit preventivně a již nastalou disharmonii napravit. Okrašlovací spolky se v tomto směru staly prostředníkem mezi odborníky a veřejností s ambicí zvyšovat „estetický smysl obyvatel“. Úsilí „okrašlovati“ čili „činiti něco krásným, vkusným“/43 se odvíjelo ve dvou rovinách. V širším smyslu na úrovni krajiny jako lokálně pojatého životního prostředí, v němž se vývoj přírody snoubí s historií člověka. Též ale v prostředí obklopujícím člověka bezprostředně při jeho práci, společenském i soukromém životě. Tedy v úzce vymezeném domově. Inspirací se stali dva autoři, kteří ve snaze po zušlechtění individuálního života hledali cesty, jak široké veřejnosti zpřístupňovat umění a jak v ní rozvíjet vlastní tvořivost. Spisovatel a kritik John Ruskin /44 se přes své vysoké akademické vzdělání snažil šířit umělecké cítění i v nižších společenských vrstvách. Inicioval založení dílen v chudých čtvrtích Manchesteru, v nichž se staré použité věci určené k vyhození znovu zpracovávaly na vkusné umělecké předměty, finančně dostupné pro nejširší obyvatelstvo. Německý pedagog a estetik Alfred Lichtwark se snažil zprostředkovat umění laické veřejnosti bez hlubšího vzdělání. Pořádal výklady uměleckých děl, a to i pro mládež od 12 let./45 Poskytl odbornou i organizační záštitu lokálním „diletantským“ výstavám pořádaným od roku 1893 Společností přátel umění v Hamburku. Byl na nich vystavován široký sortiment domácích výrobků hamburských samouků jako kresby a keramická dílka, výšivky, rukodělné výrobky z kůže, bytové doplňky ze dřeva nebo květinové dekorace. Šíření návodů a praktických ukázek pro vytvoření krásnějšího prostředí se stalo obsahovou náplní okrašlovacích spolků. Okrašlovat znamenalo uspořádat něco tak, aby to vzbuzovalo pocit libosti. Dobové okrašlovací heslo doporučovalo, aby se začínalo v prostředí vlastního domova: „Květina na stole a za oknem dodá bytu hned veselosti a přívětivost“./46 Rostliny vůbec byly oblíbeným tématem. Péče o stromy a květiny, „nejkrásnější ozdoby přírody“, byla chápána jako bezprostřední cesta, jak vést především děti ke vztahu k přírodě. Pěstování květin v truhlíku, práce na zahradě a vysazování stromů sloužily jako názorné příklady. U každé školy byly zřizovány školní zahrady. S návrhem zahrnout dětské zahradničení mezi pedagogické metody se svaz opakovaně obracel na c. k. okresní školní radu pražskou. Myšlenku dětského zahradničení v rámci svazu prosazovaly manželky významných svazových činovníků a učitelky, které v roce 1909 společně založily odbor Čechova květnice. Svaz pořádal kurzy pěstování květin, květinové slavnosti. V roce 1906 ve svazové knihovně vyšla návodná publikace z pera jednatele Svazu Břetislava Jedličky Brodského Stromové a květinové slavnosti./47 Příručku Pěstování květin v domácnosti určenou pro dospělé sepsal ředitel pražských vinohradských sadů Leopold Batěk./48 Evropská zahrada byla výpravnou publikací s fotografiemi zahrad od konzervátora vídeňské Ústřední komise památkové péče Zdeňka Wirtha. Autorem publikace určené pro mládež Sázejme, pěstujme, chraňme stromy vydané v roce 1906 byl c. k. okresní školní inspektor a v letech 1907–1909 místostarosta svazu Vincenc Podhajský./49 S cílem prosazovat květinovou výzdobu doma i na veřejných prostranstvích uspořádal svaz několik drobných výstav. Při první výroční valné hromadě v Potštýně v roce 1905 uspořádal výstavku návrhů ptačích budek žáků profesora Kotěry. Na několika drobných výstavách byla prezentována zábradlí do zahrad a na balkóny./50 Při příležitosti výstavy pražské obchodní a živnostenské komory a s podporou městských rad Prahy a okolních měst nechal svaz v nákladu 100 tisíc výtisků připravit dvoustránkový leták s heslem „Zde by měly kvést růže“./51 Obvyklé byly agitační přednášky podněcující k péči o nejbližší okolí domů, čistotu ulic apod. Společenskými událostmi za účasti žáků a rodičů i vedoucích představitelů místní školy a obce se zvláště na malých městech stávaly stromové slavnosti. Pořadatelem byla škola, připravené stromky děti zdobily stuhami a potom samy sázely. Při slavnostních výsadbách nechyběla hudba, řečník, zpěvy a deklamace, děti recitovaly básně. Svaz k těmto slavnostním příležitostem vydal výbor nejúspěšnějších řečnických projevů doplněných básněmi českých klasiků./52 V roce 1906 se stromové slavnosti konaly ve více než 500 českých obcích./53 Na rozdíl od slavnostního sázení stromů na počest významných rodinných událostí v panovnické rodině, měly stromové slavnosti zároveň apelovat na ochranu stromů./54 Svaz spolků okrašlovacích Za účelem vytvořit společný prostor všem českým okrašlovacím spolkům v Českém království byl založen v roce 1904 jejich svaz. Podařilo se mu podnítit vznik 167 nových spolků. Po deseti letech existence svazu, k roku 1914, svaz sdružoval 373 okrašlovací spolky z celkového počtu 400 českých okrašlovacích spolků./55 Začaly vznikat první publikace přibližující základní myšlenky a poskytující náměty, rady a návody pro „přátele krásy a památek“./56 Poznatky získané odborným studiem i vlastní činností v nich prezentovali nejen zakladatelé a starostové svazu, ale i širší okruh odborníků. /57 Sympatie, příp. členství těchto osobností dovolovalo svazu fungovat jako metodické ústředí pro české spolky na celém českém území. Svaz na ně mohl delegovat došlé prosby a žádosti o pomoc, využíval je jako přednášející nebo průvodce při komentovaných vycházkách. Např. v roce 1900 vycházku do botanické zahrady c. k. české university v Praze na Slupi odborně vedli profesor Josef Velenovský a docent Karel Domin. Na valných hromadách svazu byly organizovány výlety do okolí./58 Svaz od počátku navázal spolupráci s podobně zaměřenými spolky. Spolky si vyměňovaly delegáty na schůzích a i navenek se vzájemně podporovaly. Nebylo ani výjimkou, že jednotliví odborníci byli členy hned několika organizací. Mezi organizace, s kterými probíhala nejživější spolupráce, patřili např. Český zemský svaz pro povznesení návštěvy cizinců v Čechách, Klub přírodovědecký v Praze, Klub českých turistů, Zalesňovací a okrašlovací spolek pro král. hlav. město Prahu a okolí, Česká botanická společnost, Svaz Osvětový, zahradnické spolky, Klub Za Starou Prahu, Spolek přátel starožitností, Svaz českých měst a další zájmová a odborná sdružení. Užší pracovní vztahy svaz navázal také s mnohými úřady, které do svých kompetencí zahrnovaly ochranu památek a přírody. Čilá korespondence probíhala zejména se zemským konservátorským úřadem v Praze v čele s vládním radou Lubošem Jeřábkem. Břetislav Jedlička Brodský v rámci shrnutí prvních deseti let (1904–1914) působení svazu uvádí přehled jednání svazu zaměřených na ochranu kulturně historického dědictví./59 Od 13 zpráv vznesených na adresu svazu v roce 1909, vzrostla roční statistika k číslu 23 v roce 1914. Jedná se o svazové intervence u nejrůznějších úřadů. Také jednotlivé okrašlovací spolky z různých koutů Čech informují svazové ústředí o úředních jednáních. Jindy svaz žádají o radu nebo přímý zásah, případně informují o uskutečněných akcích. Impulsy přicházejí také od spřátelených spolků nebo hospodářských korporací, konkrétních odborníků (zvláště architektů) i dalších občanů („rolník J. K. Konopas ze Sudoměře žádá o radu, jak zabránit poškozování stromů při zavážení kalů na návsi“). Svaz i jednotlivé okrašlovací spolky se snaží problémy řešit u městských rad, obracejí se na okresní hejtmanství, intervenují u policejního ředitelství nebo přímo u soukromých majitelů (v případech ohrožených stromů). Často jde o protesty proti kácení a vandalství, zjm. ničení volně rostoucích rostlin,/60 anebo proti odchytu zpěvného ptactva („dotázán Okrašlovací spolek v Příbrami, zdali zpráva, že tamní hlídač sadový jest vycpavačem ptactva, zakládá se na pravdě“). Jsou organizovány i petice obyvatel („petice obyvatelů údolí Šáreckého o záchraně Šárky, úpravě cest apod.“) Tematicky převažuje ochrana stromů, alejí, sadů nebo lesů proti kácení. Poměrně často se projevuje snaha o záchranu zřícenin („Okrašlovací spolek žádá pokyny k akci o zachování hradu Helfenburka“) a dalších historických památek (mlýnský náhon), proti bourání (vykácení lip a zboření staré kapličky ve Zbečně) nebo necitlivému stavebnímu zásahu. Několik případů lze charakterizovat jako snahu o druhovou ochranu rostlin (dva topoly na Žofínském ostrově). Zřetelně lze sledovat také estetické důvody ochranářských protestů a v té souvislosti jasnou identifikaci nebezpečí narušení krajinného rázu (protest proti postavení hamru v krajině kolem Nové Huti či proti „lámání kamene v okolí „Džbánu“, čímž jest romantický ráz Divoké Šárky nemálo ohrožen“ anebo „zřícenině hradu Tetína, které lámáním kamene hrozí zkáza“) nebo dalším zásahům z různých důvodů považovaných za nevkusné (vedení elektrické dráhy na Pražský hrad anebo „C. k. zem. konservátor žádá, aby Svaz zakročil proti stavbě záchodku v blízkosti Chodského hradu“). Okrašlovací praxe jako inspirace pro Výchovu ke vztahu ke kulturně historickému dědictví Ochrana přírody, památek a okrašlování domoviny se v období první republiky dostala až do školních osnov obecných a měšťanských škol. V oddílu mravní výchova ve školním řádu z července 1937 lze např. najít paragraf věnující se výchově dětí k ochraně přírody a pěstování „krasocitu“. Ustanovení vycházejí z uznání krajinné hodnoty, „zvláště pak veřejných sadů a kultur, užitečných zvířat a rostlin“ i kulturně historického dědictví („vzácné dědictví, ať jde o památky archeologické, stavitelské, staré knihy a listiny, památky lidových ručních prací a národních krojů, nábytek, nářadí, umělecké předměty atp., ať o památné stromy atd.“)/61. Škola má podporovat snahy o zkrášlení domova, včetně podpory samotných okrašlovacích spolků a vkusnější úpravy domácností i veřejných míst. Mezi konkrétní pomůcky, které se doporučují k dosažení uvedených výchovných aspektů využívat, jsou zahrnuty zejména odborně zpracovaný obrazový doprovod a vysvětlující diagramy a mapy. Jako příklad lze uvést srovnávací obrazy a dokumentaci jednoho místa ve stavu před a po lidském zásahu. Jde o obrazy postihující přírodní procesy, poskytující praktické ukázky ničení i ochrany přírody v terénu./62 Za vhodné obrazové dokumenty se považují i výtvarná díla zachycující podobu krajiny na historických obrazech. Je přitom důležité, aby obraz vyzníval krásou a „ušlechtilou myšlenkou“, nikoliv pouze užitkem pro člověka./63 O výtvarné ztvárnění i exaktně pojatý záznam zpracovaný matematicky (jednoduché grafy, tabulky) nebo kartograficky (jednoduché mapy) se mohou pokusit přímo děti. Zpracované materiály by měly vypovídat o pozorováních, která děti podnikly společně v místě svého bydliště, okolí školy nebo širším regionu. Zmapování vybraného území může vyústit až v nápravný zásah nebo i trvalou péči o kulturně či přírodně zajímavé místo, které dosud stálo mimo obecný zájem. Školní třídy nebo celé školy mohou podnítit např. konzervaci starého stromu, jehož se mohou stát patrony./64 Současné možnosti péče o místní dědictví v environmentální perspektivě Kulturní služby ekosystémů Poslední vědecky podloženou zprávou shrnující současnou environmentální situaci je hodnocení ekosystémů k miléniu. Velký mezinárodní projekt Millennium Ecosystem Assessment byl realizován v letech 2001–2005 za účelem zhodnocení důsledků změn ekosystémů na lidský blahobyt./65 Zapojení nejrůznějších zájmových skupin z celého světa (vlády, vědecké instituce, firmy, nevládní organizace, domorodí obyvatelé) umožnilo sesbírat široké spektrum informací, které tak vypovídají o stavu Země na globální i lokální úrovni. Pro uvažování o kulturně historickém dědictví je významné, že hodnocení obsáhlo „úplnou škálu ekosystémů – od těch relativně nenarušených, jako jsou přirozené lesy, přes krajiny se smíšeným využitím, až k ekosystémům intenzivně spravovaným a pozměněným lidmi, jako je zemědělská půda a městské oblasti“./66 Základ kulturní krajiny, včetně nejsilněji urbanizovaných oblastí, vidí v přírodních ekosystémech. Navíc uznává, že kromě základních funkcí zásobovacích, regulačních a podpůrných /67 ekosystémy lidem poskytují také služby kulturní. Kulturními službami jsou myšleny nehmotné užitky, jakých se lidem dostává z ekosystémů formou duchovního obohacení, kognitivního rozvoje, reflexe, rekreace a estetických prožitků. Hodnocení ekosystémů k miléniu upozorňuje zejména na to, že rozmanitost ekosystémů předurčuje rozmanitost kultur a typy jimi vytvořených znalostních systémů i mezilidských vztahů, které se v různých kulturách uplatňují./68 Ekosystémy chápe jako obsáhlý zdroj inspirací pro umění a architekturu, folklor i místní a národní symboliku. Pozornost, jakou věnujeme výběru míst pro bydlení nebo trávení volného času, a starostlivost o zajímavá místa, parky nebo turistické stezky vychází podle zprávy ze zkušenosti, že ekosystémy nám pomáhají regenerovat naše síly, poskytují místo k odpočinku i estetickému vyladění./69 Přímo o hodnotách kulturního dědictví se ve zprávě k miléniu hovoří v souvislosti se snahou o zachování kulturní krajiny (historicky významných částí krajiny) nebo kulturně významných druhů živočichů a rostlin. Zpráva přiznává povaze a stavu ekosystémů značný vliv na kulturní identity a společenské stability. Konstatuje výrazný nepoměr mezi stále rostoucím využíváním kulturních služeb a zhoršováním schopnosti ekosystémů přinášet kulturní užitek během posledního století./70 Podle zprávy tento stav těsně souvisí s naší zhoršující se schopností kulturní užitky plynoucí z ekosystémů uznávat a vážit si jich. V tomto smyslu zpráva vyznívá závažně a varuje před sociálním rozkladem a marginalizací společenství jako možnými důsledky rychle mizejících „kulturně ceněných ekosystémů a krajin“./71 V uvedené perspektivě není žádné místo na Zemi, které si dosud uchovalo jistý podíl přírody a kulturní tradice, nevýznamné, bezcenné nebo dokonce zbytečné. I kousky přírody uvnitř urbanizovaných celků, jako městská zeleň a parky, zahrádky a zelené dvorky, odlehčují jinak kompaktně zastavěnému celku lidských sídel. Většinou nesou stopu člověka, ať už v podobě historicky, umělecky nebo etnograficky významných prvků, nebo jen jako známku spontánní tvořivosti a vynalézavosti místních obyvatel. Taková místa svou atmosférou vytvářejí prostor pro prožitky, které se vymykají obvyklému běhu všedních dnů, přinášejí uvolnění a umožňují načerpání sil, kterých se v běžných starostech nedostává. Samozřejmě také naplňují ryze pragmatické ekosystémové regulační a podpůrné služby (zejména zachycování vody, čištění ovzduší, místo pro fotosyntézu). Svůj význam mají i mimo potřeby člověka. Jsou domovem synantropních rostlin a živočichů, kteří doprovázejí lidská sídla. Zejména v okrajových částech měst se mohou stát útočišti i pro volně žijící druhy. Každé jednotlivé místo lze chápat jako součást širšího celku, ohleduplnost k němu se tedy projeví na úrovni ekosystému. Základní přístup může spočívat v tom, že pokud si vytvoříme vztah k místu, může nás to vést k zaujetí pro hlubší poznávání místa a starost o něj. Kromě výběru environmentálně příznivějších variant spotřebních prostředků je to zásadně také naše občanská angažovanost, kterou můžeme zmírňovat či usměrňovat dopady společenského tlaku na Zemi. Využití metod komunitního rozvoje v péči o místní dědictví Bohatá tradice okrašlovacích spolků dokazuje, že občanská společnost disponuje vědomostním a zkušenostním potenciálem, jak se o místní kulturně historické dědictví starat a jak k němu formovat vztah. Snažení okrašlovacích spolků může snad dnes působit naivně, nicméně se ukázalo jako úspěšný způsob spolupráce místní komunity při péči o místní dědictví. V současnosti se pro podnícení aktivit ve veřejném prostoru využívá propracovaná metodika zahrnující komunikační techniky a návody pro motivaci, kumulaci nápadů a rozvoj aktivní spolupráce, což ve svém důsledku podněcuje spoluodpovědnost za místo./72 Tradice dobrovolné komunitní péče o místo byla na desetiletí přerušena a téměř zapomenuta. Česká společnost neměla po roce 1989 téměř na co navazovat, naopak v zahraničí existovala ochota inspirovat a přímo pomoci zkušenostmi i finančními prostředky. Podrobný přehled jednotlivých metod komunitního rozvoje nabízí Nadace Partnerství./73 V letech 2003 a 2004 vydala ediční řadu publikací /74 ke společnému plánování a zkvalitňování veřejných prostranství, interpretaci místního dědictví a péči o krajinu prostřednictvím pozemkových spolků./75 Jednotlivé příručky vznikaly jako překlady původních zkušeností z anglosaského prostředí, byly ovšem doplněny o příklady realizované v českém prostředí od 90. let 20. století./76 V tématech, cílech, ale i realizačních nástrojích se zkušenostem převzatým ze západních demokracií blíží praxe historických okrašlovacích spolků. Shodují se v typech míst, jsou vedeny toutéž motivací i nadšením pro věc, projevují citlivost pro podobné místní detaily. Lze tedy konstatovat, že na příbuzných principech, z jakých vycházela okrašlovací praxe, staví i současná komunitní péče o místo. Metodou, která veřejnosti pomáhá k oceňování něčeho, „o čem jste přesvědčeni, že si zaslouží […] pozornost“, je interpretace místního dědictví./77 Interpretace se může týkat budovy, sbírky předmětů, části krajiny, městského prostranství, průmyslových objektů nebo řemeslných technik, ale i abstraktnějších témat jako historického období nebo události, tradičních místních aktivit, zvyklostí a slavností. Jelikož cílem interpretace není sestavit dokonalé odborné zpracování, ale v první řadě „provokovat, vytvářet vztah a odkrývat“/78, lze ji přizpůsobit věku a schopnostem dětí, případně se jí pro práci s dětmi nechat inspirovat. Odkrýváním nových a nečekaných pohledů interpretační metoda usiluje o zdůraznění přitažlivosti místa. Je připravována pro posluchače nebo diváky (byť náhodné), je tedy zároveň formou komunikace. Poznání, které má interpretace přinést, není založeno pouze na informacích či jejich aktualizaci, ale především na citovém zaujmutí. Obojí společně je cestou k vytvoření vztahu, který ve svých důsledcích může odvrátit nepříznivou přeměnu či zničení interpretovaného místa./79 V pozadí interpretačních technik tkví potřeba sdílet nadšení pro místo s druhými. To vše předpokládá znalost a přímý osobní zážitek místa, které má být interpretováno./80 Interpretace je součástí chápání kulturně historického dědictví a péče o místo. Realizaci ochrany dědictví umožňuje skupina lidí, která určitá místa považuje za důležitá a prostřednictvím interpretace nabízí cestu k poznání a docenění jeho hodnoty i dalším lidem. Interpretace zahrnuje ukazování místních zajímavostí a promýšlení toho, čím je místo jedinečné, vyprávění jeho příběhu. Často se neobejde bez účasti dalších místních lidí, zejména starousedlíků, pamětníků a různorodých sociálních skupin, které se k místu vztahují v souvislosti se svou profesí nebo zájmovou činností. Přesvědčování o hodnotě místa je způsobem, jak potřebu ochrany a péče rozšířit do obecného povědomí. Respekt k divokosti míst Mezi základní zásady interpretace místního dědictví patří pravidlo zachování citlivosti k místnímu prostředí, což se může paradoxně projevit odmítnutím této metody. Uchování atmosféry místa je důležitější než poskytnutí vyčerpávajících informací. Hodnota místa může být odvozována ze zcela odlišných důvodů, než je příjemné estetické působení, historická tradice či kulturní přínos. Respektuje místo jako takové, jeho existenci samu o sobě. Odmítá okrašlovací ambici, naopak si dovede vážit neučesanosti a neuspořádanosti způsobené tím, že je místo ponecháno tzv. svému osudu./81 Místa pozbývají lidského pořádku, působí divoce a neutěšeně. Divokost jako vlastnost, síla nebo kvalita mimo působení člověka je právě ceněným aspektem takových míst./82 Ponechat věcem nebo místu možnost vlastního vývoje je kulturním rozhodnutím založeným na etickém přístupu k mimolidským entitám, jako jsou rostliny, živočichové, neživá příroda, přírodní procesy, Země jako celek i jako jednotlivá místa. Nové a neobvyklé přístupy k vnímání místa, které překonávají převažující pojímání přírody a krajiny jako zdroje k uspokojování našich potřeb a realizaci našich tužeb, představ a osobních plánů, přetíženým místům odlehčují. V tomto smyslu jsou alternativou pro řešení současné ekologické krize na lokální či regionální úrovni./83 Americký esejista Gary Snyder dospěl vlastními pozorováními k závěru, že každý region má své jádro, kde jsme doma, ale má také své okraje a periferie, kde se lze setkat s projevy života v jeho divokosti. Jde o divoká a nekultivovaná místa, která běžně nenavštěvujeme, kde se život odvíjí v jistém smyslu nezávisle na lidských vlivech. Snyder vyjadřuje pochopení pro věčné proměnlivosti místa, což předešlé úvahy doplňuje o významný protiklad. Směřuje proti přemrštěné lidské aktivitě mít vše pod kontrolou, vyrovnává ji a přitom si zachovává celkový nadhled. Místa podle Snydera tvoří svět: „Naše místo je součástí toho, co jsme. ‚Místo‘ má navíc jakousi nestálost: prochází prostorem i časem – […] ‚časem obřadu‘. Místo bude dočasně loukou, pak místem jehličnanů, pak buků a jilmů. Bude napůl říčním korytem, bude místem rozdrásaným a zbrázděným ledem. A pak bude zcivilizováno, vydlážděno, pomalováno, ohrazeno, ohodnoceno, zastavěno. Ale vždy jenom na okamžik, vždy to bude jenom dalších pár řádek na palimpsestu. Celá země je jednou velkou hliněnou destičkou, která uchovává už mnohokrát překryté nové i pradávné stopy po víření sil. Každé místo je samo sebou a je (vposledku) věčně divokým. Místo na zemi je mozaikou zakomponovanou do větší mozaiky – země je souhrnem malých míst, všech dokonalých drobných říší kopírujících větší i menší předlohy. Děti začínají poznávat místo poznáváním těch malých říší kolem domu, obce a okolí.“/84 Nejlepšími pozorovateli a nejpřirozenějšími uživateli místa jsou patrně děti. Dovedou zažívat místo v obou jeho aspektech, vystačí si přitom s uklizeným pláckem i zanedbaným zákoutím v blízkosti svého domu. Anglický historik Simon Schama v pojednání o paměti krajiny popisuje vlastní objevy idylických i divokých míst dvě míle od svého domu, když mu bylo deset let: „Jako desetiletý hoch jsem začal ve svém novém bydlišti zkoumat svůj revír. V mém eldorádu, místním příměstském parku, se nacházely dvě podivně vyhlížející travnaté mohyly…, jež přímo vybízely, abych je s kamarády obsadil, opevnil a bránil proti všem příchozím. … A cestou domů jste již snadno zabloudili i … do temného háje touhy, zároveň však labyrintu šílenství a smrti. Na North Endu se nacházela divoká zahrada, záměrně ponechaná na pospas svlačci, nad nímž prokukovaly kropenaté tvářičky divokých náprstníků. … Divoká pláň, na níž se v 50. letech nacházel můj revír, byla tehdy již hustě znovu osázena stromy, a tak jsem se na její severozápadní straně mohl potulovat hustým lesem a orientovat se podle přírodních směrovek, které tvořily tu velký, vykotlaný dub, tam strouha či násep porostlý liliemi. Po většinu své historie to však byl divoký kus otevřené krajiny, v jejíž větrem ošlehané, písčité půdě se uchytily pouze ty nejhouževnatější keře a křoviska. John Gepard, alžbětinský botanik, zde při jednom ze svých výletů za město nalezl v porostu nejen janovec či hlodaš, ale také borůvky a jalovec a ‚divoký černýš rolní‘“./85 Děti dovedou místo obývat přirozeně hrou. Jinými vhodnými formami, jak děti seznamovat s místem a přitom jej nenarušovat, mohou být představení ztvárňující příběh daného místa nebo prosté pozorování. Kulturně Environmentální souvislosti vztahu k místu Velikost místa, které bychom v širším smyslu pojmenovali domovinou, zhruba respektuje pojem bioregion./86 Bioregion je menší území, jehož velikost či dosah lze lépe než měrnými jednotkami vyjádřit obsažností a intimitou sdělení, kterou jsme schopni o něm podat. K jeho atributům patří přirozený způsob vzniku a organičnost jeho vývoje. Bioregion je vymezen přírodními hranicemi, které udávají klimatické podmínky, pohoří či povodí. Ty předurčují, které rostlinné a živočišné druhy zde žijí. A předjímají také charakter lidské společnosti, která ho obývá. Jde o přirozené místo života konkrétní lidské komunity, tedy zcela jiný typ území, než jaké vzniklo lidským rozhodnutím nebo umělým zásahem (válečnými výboji, sňatkovou politikou). Je to území, které máme vlastníma nohama prochozeno, které dlouhodobě sledujeme vlastním životem. Znalost bioregionu není znalostí přečtenou a nastudovanou z knih, nýbrž poznávanou skrze prožitek. Není pouze teorií, ale zkušeností a zásadně i aktivitou. Pokud jsme schopni vnímat a rozumět proměnám bioregionu, jsme schopni sledovat změny počasí či rozeznat zde kvetoucí rostliny, znamená to, že jsme do místního dění vtaženi. Stáváme se účastníky na domácím dění, zažíváme, že jsme součástí místa. Snyder popsanou poučenou vnímavost nazývá obnovením „starého smyslu pro účastenství“ a považuje ji za způsob, jak se cítit domáčtěji./87 Znalost místa, ať už v podobě ryzího kulturně historického dědictví nebo místa divoce se projevující přírody, konotuje environmentálně příznivý princip znovuobjevení blízkého./88 Zvídavě přezkoumat blízké okolí, objevit domácí přírodu a místní pamětihodnosti, povšimnout si nesamozřejmosti obvykle míjených míst, může přinést nejen nečekaný údiv, ale i „chytrou radost, radost z objevování blízkého“./89 Librová geografické sebeomezení počítá mezi pravé ekologické ctnosti, neboť může vést k odmítnutí tvrdé turistiky, která nese značnou ekologickou stopu./90 Věrnost místu považuje za environmentálně etický přístup, jenž i přesto, že se neúčastní přírodu zatěžujících exotických dovolených a outdoorových sportů, přináší srovnatelné prožitky i odpočinek./91 Zvláště v případě programů pro děti a alternativ ke klasickému školnímu vyučování se nabízí myšlenka, zda i ve známém prostředí nelze prožít několik dnů nevšedně. Autoři zabývající se environmentálními souvislostmi životního způsobu poukazují na šanci, jakou zájem o „svoje“ místo a „svůj“ region dává environmentálně příznivým formám chování. Spoléhají na jemné působení, které na nás místo vytváří, pokud k němu máme vztah. Přínos, jakým se spojení lokálních environmentálních znalostí a sociálních vazeb spolu s citem pro místní přírodu a aktivní péčí o místo mohou zhodnotit, lze nazvat ekologickým luxusem./92 Dvě cesty hledání vztahu k místu Od počátků existence občanské společnosti tvoří péče o místo jeden z trvalých společenských zájmů. Překračuje hranice soukromého prostoru jednotlivců a anonymní lhostejnost k okolnímu prostředí proměňuje ve společnou starost o jeho stav. Na zcela dobrovolné a rovné bázi podněcuje, šíří a udržuje obecné povědomí o lokálním veřejném dění. Je projevem sociálně formulované potřeby ochrany člověku blízké krajiny, zahrnující jak přírodu, tak urbanizovaný prostor. Je zřetelným projevem občanské angažovanosti a indikátorem funkčnosti občanských svobod. Okrašlovací spolky vznikaly původně na malých městech. V druhé polovině 19. století jim šlo především o udržování čistého prostředí měst a jejich vylepšení ozeleněním. Svět 19. století sice nabyl obecného rozměru „milované vlasti“, zároveň ovšem zůstal i krajinou zcela adresnou. Krajinou, v níž se odehrává život konkrétní místní komunity. Zdá se, že krajina, jíž se dostávalo péče od okrašlovacích spolků, nebyla pouze nacionálně vymezenou vlastí. Dávno již také nešlo o krajinu individuálních romantických toulek člověka s jeho osobními trýzněmi. Bylo by však mylné domnívat se, že šlo o neurčitou, objektivně danou krajinu, kterou lze jednoduše vědecky popsat. Místní komunita, zde prezentovaná historickými okrašlovacími spolky i současnými komunitními projekty, má ke „svému“ prostředí vlastní osobitý vztah. Od roku 1909 svaz spolků okrašlovacích s celozemskou působností v Čechách, na Moravě a ve Slezsku prosazoval ochranu domoviny. Ochranu domoviny lze interpretovat jako záchranný koncept pro harmonii krajiny střední Evropy vycházející ze silné kulturní tradice. Obsahuje vědomí kontinuity se staršími kultivovanými způsoby zacházení s předmoderní krajinou vrcholící v období baroka. Je kulturní reakcí na civilizační tlak, jaký vytváří industrializovaná společnost, dokonce snad její zpětnou vazbou. Průmyslovému boomu druhé poloviny 19. století ochrana domoviny nastavila odvrácenou tvář. Téma pokroku doplňovala o ochranu proti jeho výdobytkům. Tematizovala důsledky průmyslového rozvoje nejen na krajinu, ale nepřímo také na sociální vztahy. K převažujícímu diskurzu, který lze zkratkou označit jako pokrokářský, přidávala diskurz opačný, obvykle označovaný jako „naivně staromilský“./93 Obě označení jsou však zjednodušením ukazujícím na dvě krajní polohy, jakými česká společnost vstřebávala důsledky průmyslových možností člověka. Literární teoretik Vladimír Macura to naznačuje v metafoře o vlaku, resp. o zranitelném světě tradičních hodnot vlakem ohrožených: „Vlak je poslem nových ‚mravů‘, nového chování, nelítostné agresivity trhu – a svým smírným začleněním do české krajinné scenerie jen oznamuje, že se už dávno Čechy staly jejich obětí.“/94 Snad působí překvapivě, že v textech autorů počínající průmyslové éry v Čechách nacházíme stejný citový sentiment, jaký sami cítíme, totéž „přání vyhnout se něčemu, co zraňuje naše subjektivní cítění“./95 Již na počátku století 20. vzdychají autoři po venkovské idyle, stejně jako tak dodnes činíme my, když si harmonii člověka v krajině už jen domýšlíme, přikrášlujeme, ba i mytizujeme vzpomínkami našich rodičů a prarodičů./96 Tradiční kulturní podoba krajiny je pro nás již ztracena, objevně upozorňují současní sociologové venkova./97 Ztracena je ovšem svým způsobem již dlouhou. Macura ve „Snu o vlaku“ cituje ze Selských písní Josefa Václava Sládka z roku 1890: „Teprve ‚sníh když zavál vprostřed zimy / od města tu železnici‘, se může venkov na okamžik vrátit ke své původní tváři: k idyle, k podvečerním hovorům, – ale již jen jako k nenaplnitelé iluzi.“/98 Příklad historických okrašlovacích spolků i dnešních rozvojových komunitních projektů však naznačuje, že strnulou sentimentální polohu vztahu k místu, lze poměrně uspokojivě překonávat společnou aktivitou. Typický okrašlovací přístup se snaží uchovat místo ve stávající podobě, resp. navrátit mu harmonickou podobu spojenou s minulostí. Během století, které nás dělí od prvních okrašlovacích spolků, vliv na přírodu a krajinu dále zesílil. V souladu s tím došlo současné ochranářské myšlení na opačný konec možných způsobů péče o místní dědictví. Dávní okrašlovači by zřejmě zůstali stát v rozpacích. Vedle okrašlování dnes stojí respekt k divokosti, který překračuje klasické konzervační snahy památkové péče a ochrany přírody tím, že respektuje proměny místa. Nesnaží se vztahovat k nějakému ideálnímu stavu, ale spíše si všímá a ctí spontánní proměny probíhající nezávisle na člověku. Vymyká se tak tomu, co pod péčí o kulturně historické dědictví obvykle rozumíme. Ovšem s ohledem na tlak, jaký v současnosti na místa vytváříme, je podle mého názoru stejně relevantním přístupem. „Péče“ pak spočívá v rozhodnutí ponechat místo zcela svému samovolnému vývoji anebo po počátečních vstupech přejít na pozorování bez dalších zásahů. Obojí perspektiva, ta, jež zdůrazňuje útulnost, estetiku a idyličnost, i druhá, upřednostňující divokost, představuje dvě podoby krajiny, ale současně i dvě polohy našeho vztahování se k místům v krajině. Historická kapitola potvrzuje postřeh Hany Librové, že to, co bylo ještě donedávna označováno měšťáctvím či maloměšťáctvím, se v environmentální perspektivě oprošťuje od patosu a důraz naopak klade na aspekt útulnosti /99 a na dobrý pocit, jaký plyne z aktivního utváření místa, které nenarušuje souznění s krajinným i lidským okolím. Historik Simon Schama, který zkoumá vzájemné závislosti obou jmenovaných aspektů se dokonce domnívá, že i důraz, jaký v současnosti začínáme klást na aspekt divokosti v krajině, je podnícen městskou představivostí /100 a nedostatkem, jaký plyne z života v silně urbanizovaných krajinách. Oba přístupy k výchově ke vztahu ke kulturně historickému dědictví jistě otevírají a nabízejí spoustu možností pro zapojení dětí, které se tak mohou přirozeně a mimochodem učit sociálním kompetencím i ohleduplným způsobům chování k přírodě a krajině. Mimoto dávají veliký prostor zážitkové pedagogice a v neposlední řadě dětem názorně představují tradici péče a vztahu k místu jejich předků. 1 / Robert SEDLÁK (Ed.), Utváření místa. Příručka k vytváření kvalitních veřejných prostranství. Brno 2003, s. 10. 2 / R. SEDLÁK (Ed.), Utváření místa, s. 10. 3 / První moravský okrašlovací spolek byl založen v roce 1873 v Prostějově, první slezský okrašlovací spolek vznikl v Polské Ostravě v roce 1893. Z 237 českých okrašlovacích spolků v roce 1904 působilo 189 spolků v Čechách, 46 na Moravě a 2 ve Slezsku. Moravské a slezské spolky byly do působnosti Svazu zahrnuty v roce 1905 a Svaz byl přejmenován na Svaz českých okrašlovacích spolků v Čechách, na Moravě a ve Slezsku. Ladislav PTÁČEK, Okrašlovací hnutí a Svaz okrašlovací a ochranný, in: 25 let ČSOP. Sborník materiálů konference Dobrovolná ochrana přírody v ČR Průhonice 10. a 11. prosince 2004. Ed. L. Ptáček. Brno 2004, s. 10–11. 4 / Karel ALTMAN, Úloha spolků v sociálním, národnostním a kulturním vývoji Brna, in: Národopisné studie o Brně, Brno 1990, s. 94. 5 / Osobnosti veřejného života jako Karel Havlíček Borovský či František Palacký museli pozastavit svoji politickou aktivitu. V roce 1850 bylo zakázáno vydávání Národních novin, v roce 1851 časopisu Slovan. Absolutní moc panovníka charakteristickou pro 50. léta 19. století zmírnil Říjnový diplom vydaný 20. října 1860. 6 / Již od podzimu 1860 začal Alois Krása vydávat radikální Čas. 1. ledna 1861 vyšly první Národní listy Julia Grégra. V letech 1863–1866 vycházel deník Národ redigovaný Františkem Palackým a Františkem Ladislavem Riegerem. S počátkem 60. let je spojeno založení známých spolků Hlahol (1861), Sokol (1862) a Umělecká beseda (1863). Viz Robert, KVAČEK (Ed.), Dějiny Československa 2. 1648–1918, Praha 1990. 7 / Otto URBAN, Česká společnost 1848–1918, Praha 1982, s. 221–225. 8 / O. URBAN, Česká společnost, s. 274. 9 / Otto URBAN, Kapitalismus a česká společnost. K otázkám formování české společnosti v 19. století, Praha 2003, s. 74–75. 10 / Hana LIBROVÁ, Láska ke krajině? Brno 1988, s. 112. 11 / Jiří LÖW – Igor MÍCHAL, Krajinný ráz, Kostelec nad Černými lesy 2003, s. 395. 12 / Ernst Rudorff (1840–1916) povoláním profesor hudební školy v Berlíně, hudební interpret a komponista. 13 / Jmenuje Walthera von der Vogelweide, Goetha a Eichendorfa. Günther LEPS – Herbert SUKOPP, Ernst Rudorff (1840–1916) zum 150. Geburstag, in: Arch. Nat.schutz Landech.forsch. 30, 1990, s. 151–159, zde s. 155. 14 / Macura zde naráží na slova písně Kde domov můj, úryvku z Tylovy frašky Fidlovačka poprvé uvedené roce 1834. Parafrázuje také básnickou skladbu Slávy dcera Jana Kolára, která vyšla v roce 1824. Vladimír MACURA, Český sen, Praha 1999, s. 49. 15 / V. MACURA, Český sen, s. 48–49. 16 / V. MACURA, Český sen, s. 49–50. 17 / Jan Urban JARNÍK, Podstata, cíl a organisace okrašlování, hlavně po stránce národohospodářské a esteticko-výchovné, Praha 1911, s. 13–14. 18 / To snad zároveň poskytuje i vysvětlení. Vůči Němcům v rámci Rakouska-Uherska se Češi složitě vymezovali, kdežto pruští Němci nebyli vnímáni jako rivalové. Pro vyjasnění vztahu češství a němectví v okrašlovacích spolcích v rámci jednoho státu by bylo zapotřebí pokračovat výzkumem sudetských okrašlovacích spolků. 19 / Walther SCHOENICHEN, Naturschutz, Heimatschutz. Ihre Begründung durch Ernst Rudorff, Hugo Conwentz und ihre Vorläufer, Stuttgart 1954, s. 138. 20 / Postupně byly zakládány také zemské spolky této centrální organizace. V roce 1906, tedy paralelně, byla na úrovni státní správy zřízena pruská státní rada pro ochranu přírodních památek (Staatliche Stelle für Naturdenkmalpflege), jíž zase odpovídaly střediska v jednotlivých okresech a krajích nejen Pruska, ale i dalších německých států. Rudolf MAXIMOVIČ, Ochrana přírody v Německu, Zprávy památkové péče III, 1939, s. 22. 21 / Rozšíření o moravské a slezské spolky proběhlo již v roce 1905. Svaz byl tehdy přejmenován na Svaz českých okrašlovacích spolků v Čechách, na Moravě a ve Slezsku, s. 10–11. 22 / Centrem pruského svazu se stal Berlín, pro český svaz to byla Praha. Od roku 1923 pracoval svaz okrašlovacích spolků moravských a slezských s centrem v Brně. 23 / Jan Svatopluk PROCHÁZKA, Ochrana přírody a přírodních památek, díl I. Praha 1926, s. 34–36. 24 / V umělecké interpretaci se již v druhém desetiletí 19. století stal upomínkou na nevratnou lidskou minulost zasazenou do přírodní scenerie motiv rozvalin v lese v obrazech Caspara Davida Friedricha. Gerhard SCHULZ, Romantika. Dějiny a pojem, Praha-Litomyšl 1999, s. 84–88. 25 / Profesor Hugo Conwentz jako ředitel muzea v Gdaňsku evidoval od roku 1887 místní přírodní památky. R. MAXIMOVIČ, Ochrana přírody v Německu, s. 22. 26 / Ivo HLOBIL, Alois Riegl a teorie moderní památkové péče, in: Alois Riegl (1858–1905) Moderní památková péče. Ed. I. Hlobil – T. Hlobil, Praha 2003, s. 101–138, zde s. 105. 27 / Alois RIEGL, Nové směry v památkové péči, in: Alois Riegl (1858–1905) Moderní památková péče. Ed. I. Hlobil – T. Hlobil, Praha 2003, s. 77–99, zde s. 79. 28 / A. RIEGL, Nové směry, s. 81. 29 / A. RIEGL, Nové směry, s. 81. 30 / A. RIEGL, Nové směry, s. 83. 31 / A. RIEGL, Nové směry, s. 83. Tento poznatek se shoduje s jedním z názorů z dnešní environmentální debaty, podle něhož k chování, které nestojí proti přírodě, vede emocionální prožitek přírody. Např. Stanislav Komárek si na otázku „Ochrana přírody – proč?“ odpovídá: „Protože nás emocionálně oslovuje.“ Viz. přednáška S. Komárka pronesená na Katedře environmentálních studií FSS MU v Brně, 10. dubna 2002. 32 / Rieglovými vlastními slovy: „Není tomu tak proto, že byly postaveny a obývány našimi národními předky, ani ne příliš proto, že jsou to také svědci naší vlastní lidské minulosti, nýbrž proto, že jsou vůbec něčím, co vzniklo v dřívějších dobách a co má určitý individuální charakter. Tím si získaly právo pokud možno dožít podle vlastních podmínek jejich zachování.“ A. RIEGL, Nové směry, s. 83–85. Další komentář srov. Karel STIBRAL, Příroda jako památka, Ekolist. Měsíčník o životním prostředí XI, 2006, s. 14–17. 33 / Jan Svatopluk PROCHÁZKA, Moderní člověk a příroda. Praha 1926, s. 48. 34 / Tamtéž. Jistě to souviselo i s rozvojem turismu, který paradoxně prohluboval jak nevhodné zásahy do krajiny, Kulturně historické dědictví v péči místních komunit tak i vnímavost k jejím krásám. V protestech lze číst ohrazení proti unifikaci krajiny, která byla o tři čtvrtě století později nazvána globalizací. 35 / Max DVOŘÁK, Katechismus památkové péče, Praha 2004, s. 13–14. 36 / I. HLOBIL, Alois Riegl a teorie moderní památkové péče, s. 111. 37 / Ivan Vorel v tomto smyslu připomíná příbuzná slova rázovitý, svérázný. Ivan VOREL, Krajinný ráz a jeho ochrana, 1. díl Charakter, ráz a identita krajiny, Ochrana přírody 61, 2006, č. 9, s. 262–265, zde s. 263. 38 / Tamtéž. Emocionální působení krajinného rázu tento pojem zároveň problematizuje. Naše pocity vylučují možnost krajinu uchopit objektivně. Krajinný ráz je pojmem neměřitelných kriterií, nejednotné definice, což komplikuje zvláště jeho legislativní využití. I. VOREL, Krajinný ráz a jeho ochrana, s. 262–263. 39 / I. HLOBIL, Alois Riegl a teorie moderní památkové péče, s. 111–112. 40 / I. HLOBIL, Alois Riegl a teorie moderní památkové péče, s. 112. 41 / Starosta Svazu profesor Jarník u příležitosti svazové schůze konané v roce 1909 v Uhříněvsi vyzval místní obyvatelstvo, „…aby šetřilo náležité čistoty a zachovávalo pořádek jak ve svých domácnostech, tak i v obci samé, na dvorech, zahradách, ulicích, místech veřejných… pro spolky okrašlovací v mnohých obcích venkovských stačilo [by] alespoň pro počátek důsledné a pečlivé provádění těchto dvou zásad.“ Břetislav Jedlička BRODSKÝ, 1904–1914 Deset roků Svazu českých spolků pro okrašlování a ochranu domoviny v Čechách, na Moravě a ve Slezsku v Praze, Praha 1916, s. 18. 42 / J. S. PROCHÁZKA, Ochrana přírody a přírodních památek, díl I., s. 24. 43 / „Co značí okrašlovati? Činiti něco krásným, vkusným. A co je krásné? To, co vzbuzuje pocit libosti. Tedy vkusným něco učiniti značí uspořádati něco tak, aby pohled na to vzbuzoval pocit libosti.“ Jan Svatopluk PROCHÁZKA, Okrašlování a ochrana domoviny. Vzorcová přednáška o úkolech a cílech spolků okrašlovacích a ochranných, Praha 1922, s. 3. 44 / Angličan John Ruskin (1819–1900), od roku 1870 profesor krásných umění v Oxfordu, už před polovinou 19. století odmítal purismus. Restaurování památek označoval jako ničení a upřednostňoval raději jejich zánik. Je považován za předchůdce Riegla v oceňování hodnoty stáři. Sociální nerovnosti zdůvodňoval nedostatečnou kultivací uměním. Jan Svatopluk PROCHÁZKA, Okrašlování a ochrana domoviny, s. 5. Ivo HLOBIL, Alois Riegl a teorie moderní památkové péče, in: Alois Riegl (1858–1905) Moderní památková péče. Ed. I. Hlobil – T. Hlobil, Praha 2003, s. 101–138, zde s. 106. 45 / Alfred Lichtwark (1852–1914) byl ředitelem hamburské Kunsthalle, který se ovšem nespokojoval s klasickou galerijní činností akvizice a výstavnictví. Výklady umění pro laické diváky a posluchače vyvolal polemiku mezi estetiky a pedagogy pochybujícími, zda děti cítí skutečně esteticky. Debata podnítila výzkumy schopností dětského vnímání. Příklad Lichtwarka však ovlivnil zejména učitele. K výkladům uměleckých děl začaly být zakládány školní galerie (v Čechách vznikly v Kyšperku, Vamberku, Pardubicích, Nové Pace). Alfred LICHTWARK, Vzkříšení uměleckého diletantismu, Praha 1908, 25 s. 46 / J. S. PROCHÁZKA, Okrašlování a ochrana domoviny, s. 5. 47 / Publikace vyšla v letech 1908–1916 ve třech vydáních. Cena výtisku činila 1 K 20 hal. Břetislav Jedlička BRODSKÝ, 1904–1914 Deset roků Svazu českých spolků pro okrašlování a ochranu domoviny v Čechách, na Moravě a ve Slezsku v Praze, Praha 1916, s. 20. 48 / Vyšla v nákladu 10 tisíc výtisků, jeden kus po 30 haléřích. V roce 1916 hlásí jednatel Svazu B. J. Brodský její rozebrání. B. J. BRODSKÝ, 1904–1914 Deset roků Svazu, s. 20. 49 / Do roku 1914 vyšlo ve čtyřech vydáních. Čtvrté vydání vyšlo ještě před rokem 1914 doplněné obrázky a barevnou obálkou v nákladu 40 tisíc kusů. Jednotlivé okrašlovací spolky, které byly členy svazu, dostávaly publikace zdarma. C. k. zemské školní rady v Praze a Brně vydaly výnos, kterým publikaci doporučovaly do školních knihoven. Místní školní rady je kupovaly od svazu a rozdávaly je svým žákům i návštěvníkům stromových slavností. Cena jednoho výtisku byla 20 haléřů, 100 kusů 8 K. B. J. BRODSKÝ, 1904–1914 Deset roků Svazu, s. 20. 50 / B. J. BRODSKÝ, 1904–1914 Deset roků Svazu, s. 13. 51 / Cílem bylo „šířiti myšlenku, aby majitelé domů a stavitelé se postarali pokud možná o stejné, jednoduché, ale vkusné zahrádky před okny ve všech poschodích: jednak by se tím značně usnadňovalo nájemníkům pěstovati květiny, jednak by vzhled domů v době, kdy květiny s oken zmizí, nebyl tak nepěkný, jako jest nyní, kdy před některými okny zahrádky jsou, jinde však ne, aneb naprosto od sebe se lišící.“ B. J. BRODSKÝ, 1904–1914 Deset roků Svazu, s. 16. Využívání hospodářských a průmyslových výstav organizovaných nejrůznějšími hospodářskými korporacemi patřilo mezi časté propagační činnosti svazu. 52 / Jde o třetí publikaci ze svazové knihovny. Břetislav Jedlička BRODSKÝ, Stromové a květinové slavnosti. Návod k jejich pořádání, Praha 1908, 112 s. Svaz dokonce inzeroval ochotu vysílat z Prahy ke stromovým slavnostem do nejrůznějších koutů českých zemí vlastního zkušeného řečníka. Jan Urban JARNÍK, Podstata, cíl a organisace okrašlování, hlavně po stránce národohospodářské a esteticko-výchovné, Praha 1911, s. 8. 53 / L. PTÁČEK, Okrašlovací hnutí a Svaz okrašlovací a ochranný, s. 11. 54 / Svým demokratickým duchem se odvolávaly na americké slavnosti konané pravidelně od roku 1872. V roce 1882 se stromové slavnosti začaly pořádat přednostně jako slavnosti pro „pro dítky“. V USA se jako celostátní slavnostní den stromů (Arbor day) ustálil 22. duben, který se později stal mezinárodním Dnem Země. U počátků slavnosti stály ekologické důvody, zejména snaha napravit mýcení lesů americkými osadníky, které mělo špatné důsledky na stav přírody, jak se již tehdy vědělo: „Ubývalo srážek, voda v řečištích a studních se ztrácela, úrodnost z počátku báječná klesala, zdravotní stav se zhoršil.“ J. U. JARNÍK, Podstata, cíl a organisace okrašlování, s. 13–14. 55 / Břetislav Jedlička BRODSKÝ, Stromové a květinové slavnosti. Návod k jejich pořádání, Praha 1908, s. 10. 56 / B. J. BRODSKÝ, 1904–1914 Deset roků Svazu, s. 10. 57 / Spolupráce s odborníky probíhala i na úrovni svazového periodika Krása našeho domova. V prvních deseti letech existence svazu se mezi jeho přispěvateli objevili např. archeolog dr. Karel Absolon, architekt Ant. Balšánek, archeolog a muzejník Kliment Čermák, knihovník a konzervátor Jan Emler, dr. Jiří Guth Jarkovský, arch. Bohumil Hübschmann, vládní rada a přednosta Státního památkového úřadu JUDr. Luboš Jeřábek, botanik prof. Karel Kavina, lesmistr a spisovatel Julius Komárek, rostlinný fyziolog prof. Bohumil Němec, literární teoretik prof. Arne Novák, arch. Stanislav Sochor, historik prof. J. V. Šimák, botanik prof. Josef Velenovský, Kulturně historické dědictví v péči místních komunit asistent Uměleckoprůmyslového muzea v Praze dr. Zdeněk Wirth, rostlinný fyziolog dr. Vladimír Úlehla, spisovatel Jaroslav Vrchlický, etnograf dr. Čeněk Zíbrt a další. B. J. BRODSKÝ, 1904–1914 Deset roků Svazu, s. 17–20. 58 / Např. na valné hromadě konané v Potštýně byl organizován výlet do údolí Divoké Orlice a do Jeskyně, valnou hromadu v Plzni obohatila výprava na Lochotín, účastníci valné hromady v Králově Poli (dnes brněnská čtvrť) byli pozváni do nově otevřených jeskyní Moravského krasu. B. J. BRODSKÝ, 1904–1914 Deset roků Svazu, s. 13–14. 59 / Následující informace převzaty ze zprávy B. J. BRODSKÝ, 1904–1914 Deset roků Svazu, s. 24–28. 60 / Např. v roce 1907 svaz upozornil místodržitele a policejního ředitele na „vandalismus vůči přírodě a zvláště jejím jarním květům, kterýžto páchán jest městskými výletníky do blízkého okolí a zvláště pak v okolí král. hlav. města Prahy. Téhož roku na populární den sv. Jana svolána byla do spolkových místností „U Halánků“ protestní schůze proti ničení jarních krás přírodních, hlavně květin lučních a lesních a proti lámání kvetoucích ratolestí stromových. S povděkem pak uvítal Svaz úspěšné rozhodnutí, že vymáháním na trhovcích, kteří v Praze luční květiny a kvetoucí větve obecenstvu prodávali, zvláštní průkaz o tom, jak dotyčné osoby květin a ratolestí těch nabyly.“ B. J. BRODSKÝ, 1904–1914 Deset roků Svazu, s. 16. 61 / František HROBAŘ, Vývoj ochrany přírody, památek a okrašlování domoviny v nových výnosech min. školství a nár. osvěty v Praze, Krása našeho domova XXX, 1938, s. 29. 62 / Např. jeden obraz v podobě přirozených přírodních prvků, druhý zachycující tradičně obhospodařovanou krajinu, třetí krajinu zasaženou průmyslovou činností a výstavbou. Může jít také o místo dříve kulturně obhospodařované, dnes zarůstající zpět k přírodnímu stavu. Učitel zprostředkovávající svoje zkušenosti v časopise Krása našeho domova v roce 1935 jako vhodný příklad uvádí také obrazy míst poznamenaných válkou. Miloš ZÁLESKÝ, Ochrana přírody ve škole, Krása našeho domova XXVII, 1935, s. 144–145, zde s. 145. 63 / Na typickém příkladu motivu používaného k propagování ochrany ptactva autor vysvětluje, co však na mysli nemá: „Strom jabloňový v květu, vše se růžoví kolem a uprostřed jest ptačí hnízdo s mladými natahujícími se dychtivě pro podávanou potravu. Kolem obrazu více méně theoretické výpočty.“ M. ZÁLESKÝ, Ochrana přírody ve škole, Krása našeho domova XXVII, 1935, s. 144–145, zde s. 145. 64 / M. ZÁLESKÝ, Ochrana přírody ve škole, Krása našeho domova XXVII, 1935, s. 144–145, zde s. 145. 65 / Termín ekosystém se pro účely hodnocení používá v běžném významu jako dynamický komplex rostlinných, živočišných a mikroorganických společenstev a neživého prostředí, jež na sebe vzájemně působí jako funkční celek. Služby ekosystémů zpráva chápe jako přínosy plynoucí z ekosystémů lidem. O lidském blahobytu zpráva předpokládá, že je složen z řady prvků, jako jsou základní materiál pro dobrý život (zajištěné a přiměřené živobytí), dobré mezilidské vztahy (sociální soudržnost, vzájemná úcta, schopnost pomáhat druhým a pečovat o děti), jistoty (jistý přístup k přírodním a jiným zdrojům, bezpečnost před živelnými pohromami/katastrofami), svoboda volby a činu (možnost dosahovat toho, co jedinec považuje za hodnotné). Ekosystémy a lidský blahobyt. Syntéza. Zpráva Hodnocení ekosystému k miléniu, Praha 2005, s. V. 66 / Pojetí hodnocení ekosystémů k miléniu staví na konceptu, který považuje lidi za nedílnou součást ekosystémů, přičemž reflektuje, že „měnící se podmínky na straně lidí přímo i nepřímo vedou ke změnám v ekosystémech, a tím způsobují změny lidského blahobytu“. Narozdíl od dosud převažujícího pojetí, zpráva připouští, že ekosystémy jsou zpětně ovlivňovány i lidskými činy odvozenými z uznání vnitřní hodnoty ekosystému jako takového, tj. nezávisle na užitečnosti pro člověka. Ekosystémy a lidský blahobyt, s. V. 67 / Zásobovací služby poskytují člověku nezbytné produkty z ekosystémů jako potraviny, sladkou vodu, paliva, vlákna, genetické zdroje, biochemikálie, přírodní léky a ozdoby. Regulační služby jsou služby, kterými je udržována rovnováha i přesto, že člověk působí proti ekosystémům. Patří sem především regulace kvality ovzduší, vody, podnebí a eroze, chorob a škůdců, čištění vody a likvidace odpadů, opylení. Podpůrné služby jsou služby potřebné pro fungování všech ostatních služeb, ačkoliv jejich dopad na člověka je nepřímý nebo dlouhodobý. Jde o tvorbu půdy, fotosyntézu, koloběh vody a živin. Ekosystémy a lidský blahobyt, s. 40. 68 / (rozdíl mezi kočovněpasteveckým, usedlým zemědělským a rybářským společenstvím). 69 / Kombinace přírodních ekosystémů a lidských vlivů, která společně udává smysly vnímatelné neopakovatelné kouzlo místa, nazýváme geniem loci, na úrovni krajiny mluvíme o krajinném rázu. 70 / Zpráva říká doslova, že „kvantita i kvalita esteticky atraktivních přírodních krajin přitom klesá“. Ekosystémy a lidský blahobyt, s. 46. 71 / Ekosystémy a lidský blahobyt, s. 46. 72 / R. SEDLÁK (Ed.), Utváření místa, s. 4. 73 / Nadace Partnerství byla založena v roce 1991 jako součást středoevropského konsorcia Environmental Partnership for Central Europe. Vypracovala se v největší soukromý zdroj finanční podpory ekologických projektů obcí a nevládních neziskových organizací v ČR. Posláním Nadace Partnerství je pomáhat nevládním organizacím, obcím a dalším parterům v péči o životní prostředí, stimulovat trvale udržitelný rozvoj, mezisektorovou spolupráci a účast občanů na věcech veřejných. Těchto cílů dosahuje udělováním grantů, organizováním stáží, školení, seminářů a jiných vzdělávacích modulů, vydáváním publikací, aktivním propojováním obdobných projektů doma i v zahraničí, zprostředkováním informací a kontaktů z oblasti životního prostředí a trvale udržitelného rozvoje i vlastními programy. Martin NAWRATH (Ed.), Tvorba vize komunity. Příručka pro společné plánování udržitelného rozvoje komunit, Brno 2004, s. 119. 74 / Ediční řada „Metody komunitního rozvoje“ zahrnuje celkem pět publikací: Martin NAWRATH (Ed.), Plánovací víkend. Příručka pro společné plánování veřejných prostranství, Brno 2003, 75 s.; Robert SEDLÁK (Ed.), Utváření místa. Příručka k vytváření kvalitních veřejných prostranství, Brno 2003, 99 s.; Martin NAWRATH (ed.), Tvorba vize komunity. Příručka pro společné plánování udržitelného rozvoje komunit, Brno 2004, 119 s.; Ladislav PTÁČEK (Ed.), Interpretace místního dědictví. Příručka pro plánování a tvorbu prezentací místních zajímavostí, Brno 2004, 88 s.; Ladislav PTÁČEK (Ed.), Péče o krajinu. Příručka pro výměnné pobyty k péči o krajinu a pozemkové spolky, Brno 2004, 80 s. 75 / Pozemkové spolky jsou organizace založené na participativní spolupráci místních skupin k zajištění dlouhodobé péče o konkrétní pozemky cenné pro svoji přírodní nebo kulturně historickou hodnotou. Pozemkový spolek se stává majitelem nebo pronajimatelem takových území. Fungují na principu sdílené péče o krajinu označované jako správcovství krajiny a pozemků v soukromém vlastnictví (stewardschip). Základním principem pozemkových spolků není formovat nová chráněná území, ale ovlivňovat vlastníky a uživatele krajiny k moudřejšímu krajinnému managementu. L. PTÁČEK (Ed.), Péče o krajinu, s. 8–10. Kulturně historické dědictví v péči místních komunit 76 / Publikace jsou výstupem z projektů, v nichž Nadace Partnerství spolupracovala s mnoha zahraničními partnery z USA, Dánska a Skotska. Také finančně byly podpořeny americkými a západoevropskými institucemi. Při této spolupráci byli zároveň vyškoleni i čeští konzultanti s cílem pomoci českým obcím a komunitám rozvíjet a realizovat svoje vize týkající se místního dědictví. 77 / Ladislav PTÁČEK (Ed.), Interpretace místního dědictví, s. 10. 78 / L. PTÁČEK (Ed.), Interpretace místního dědictví, s. 13. 79 / Za otce interpretační metody je považován Američan Freeman Tilden, který působil na správě amerických národních parků (Yosemitského a Grand Canon) v době jejich vzniku v druhé polovině 19. století. Cílem interpretace bylo získat podporu širokého okruhu lidí pro ochranu parků. L. PTÁČEK (Ed.), Interpretace místního dědictví, s. 10–11. 80 / L. PTÁČEK (Ed.), Interpretace místního dědictví, s. 10–13. 81 / Spontánní proměny místa často plynou ze skutečnosti, že člověk dané místo opustil. Ukončil zemědělskou nebo průmyslovou činnost, odstěhoval se nebo stáhl z krajiny, takže příroda se zde začala projevovat opět bez lidského zatlačování. 82 / Naznačený způsob péče o místo nevychází z domácí středoevropské tradice, nýbrž ze severoamerického, příp. severoevropského prostoru. V posledních několika letech prosakuje i do českého prostředí, i když zde byl zatím komentován minimálně. Srov. Igor MÍCHAL, Kulturně historická východiska postojů ke krajině: divočina – obdělaná zem – město (proměny vztahů), in: Jiří LÖW – Igor MÍCHAL, Krajinný ráz, Kostelec nad Černými lesy 2003, s. 41–61. 83 / Jednoduše řečeno, závažnost ekologické krize spočívá ve skutečnosti, že je nás moc a že náš tlak na Zemi převyšuje její kapacitu. Slovy Erazima Koháka: „Nekonečný nárok v konečném světě je kořenem ekologické krize“. Erazim KOHÁK, Zelená svatozář. Kapitoly z ekologické etiky, Praha 2002, s. 24. 84 / Gary SNYDER, Praxe divočiny, Praha 1999, s. 35–36. 85 / Simon SHAMA, Krajina a paměť, Praha 2007, s. 561–570. 86 / V českém prostředí pojem popularizovala Hana Librová. Hana LIBROVÁ, Vlažní a váhaví. Kapitoly o ekologickém luxusu, Brno 2003, s. 174. 87 / „Žijete-li v moderních městech, […] pak vás takové drobnosti nemusejí zajímat. Ale pokud přesto víte, o čem rostliny a počasí vypovídají, pak už jste do místního dění vtažení a můžete se tam cítit domáčtěji.“ G. SNYDER, Praxe divočiny, s. 48. 88 / Hana LIBROVÁ, Pestří a zelení. Kapitoly o dobrovolné skromnosti, Brno 1994, s. 75. 89 / H. LIBROVÁ, Vlažní a váhaví, s. 174. 90 / V uvažování o environmentálních souvislostech našeho života v jeho každodennosti i svátcích se pojem ekologická stopa používá jako nástroj pro vyjádření míry zátěže, jakou člověk působí na ekosystémy. Konkrétní číslo lze získat podílem konzumace (jídlo, bydlení, doprava, spotřební zboží a služby) na plochu Země, která poskytuje ekosystémové služby. H. LIBROVÁ, Vlažní a váhaví, s. 20–21. 91 / S oceněním místního kulturně historického dědictví souvisí způsob turistiky snažící se o eliminování negativních dopadů, které rekreace v místě běžně zanechává. V tomto smyslu je upřednostňována tzv. měkká turistika. Jde o environmentálně šetrnější způsob, jak trávit dovolenou a prázdniny, poznávat a prožívat místa. Librová klade přímou otázku, zda je nutné při dovolené opustit svůj domov, když se nám během všednodenního života většinou nedostává času poznávat a pozorovat „známá“ zákoutí ve všech denních proměnách. H. LIBROVÁ, Vlažní a váhaví, s. 173–177. 92 / Opět termín Hany Librové pro environmentálně příznivé chování, které se na základě uvědomění vnitřní hodnoty přírody snaží zmenšovat ekologickou stopu. Pojem ekologického luxusu vychází z procesu demokratizace spotřeby, kdy věci dříve luxusní (čokoláda, kožich, auto) jsou časem dostupné stále větší části společnosti. Zvýšená spotřeba environmentálně náročných věcí a služeb má tíživé dopady na ekosystémy. Tím pádem se dříve obvyklé a jednoduché „banality“ (mezi nimi pitná voda, čistý vzduch nebo tichá místa), stávají hůře dostupná či přímo nedostatková. Pravým ekologickým luxusem je např. poklidný pobyt v nenarušené krajině. Ekologickým luxusem je zároveň rozhodnutí dopřát si užívání prostředků, které usilují o co možná nejmenší ekosystémovou zátěž (minerální voda ve skle místo v plastu, cestování společně vlakem oproti jízdě jednotlivce autem po dálnici apod.). 93 / V. MACURA, Český sen, s. 167. 94 / V. MACURA, Český sen, s. 167. 95 / A. RIEGL, Nové směry, s. 83. 96 / Případně doplňujeme obrázky z vlastního či zprostředkovaného putování po dosud agrárních koutech Evropy, např. formou cestovatelských vyprávění donedávna spojených s promítáním diapozitivů, dnes již prostřednictvím elektronicky zpracovaných fotografií. 97 / Srov. téma „Život ve venkovských kulisách“ prezentované v 2. č. Literárních novin v roce 2007. 98 / V. MACURA, Český sen, s. 167. 99 / H. LIBROVÁ, Vlažní a váhaví, s. 176. 100 / S. SHAMA, Krajina a paměť, s. 570. Výběr doporučené literatury Karel ALTMAN, Úloha spolků v sociálním, národnostním a kulturním vývoji Brna, in: Národopisné studie o Brně, Brno 1990, s. 94–107. Bohuslav BLAŽEK, Venkovy. Anamnéza, diagnóza, terapie, Brno 2002 Břetislav Jedlička BRODSKÝ, Stromové a květinové slavnosti. Návod k jejich pořádání, Praha 1908 Břetislav Jedlička BRODSKÝ, 1904–1914 Deset roků Svazu českých spolků pro okrašlování a ochranu domoviny v Čechách, na Moravě a ve Slezsku v Praze, Praha 1916 Václav CÍLEK, Krajiny vnitřní a vnější. Texty o paměti krajiny, smysluplném bobrovi, areálu jablečného štrůdlu a také o tom, proč lezeme na rozhlednu, Praha 2002 Max DVOŘÁK, Katechismus památkové péče, Praha 2004 Ekosystémy a lidský blahobyt. Syntéza. Zpráva Hodnocení ekosystému k miléniu, Praha 2005 Pavel HÁJEK (Ed.), Krajina zevnitř, Praha 2002 Tomáš HÁJEK – Karel JECH, Téma pro 21. století. Kulturní krajina (aneb proč ji chránit?), Praha 2000 Ivo HLOBIL, Alois Riegl a teorie moderní památkové péče, in: Alois Riegl (1858–1905) Moderní památková péče. Ed. I. Hlobil – T. Hlobil, Praha 2003, s. 101–138 František HROBAŘ, Vývoj ochrany přírody, památek a okrašlování domoviny v nových výnosech ministerstva školství a národní osvěty v Praze, Krása našeho domova XXX, 1938, s. 29 Jan Urban JARNÍK, Podstata, cíl a organisace okrašlování, hlavně po stránce národohospodářské a estetickovýchovné, Praha 1911 Pavel KLVAČ (Ed.), Kulisy venkovského života, Drnovice 2006 Erazim KOHÁK, Zelená svatozář. Kapitoly z ekologické etiky, Praha 2002 Stanislav KOMÁREK, Příroda a kultura. Svět jevů a svět interpretací, Praha 2000 Robert, KVAČEK (Ed.), Dějiny Československa, 2. díl, 1648–1918, Praha 1990 Günther LEPS – Herbert SUKOPP, Ernst Rudorff (1840–1916) zum 150. Geburstag, in: Arch. Nat.schutz Landech.forsch. 30, 1990, s. 151–159 Hana LIBROVÁ, Láska ke krajině? Brno 1988 Hana LIBROVÁ, Pestří a zelení. Kapitoly o dobrovolné skromnosti, Brno 1994 Hana LIBROVÁ, Vlažní a váhaví. Kapitoly o ekologickém luxusu, Brno 2003 Alfred LICHTWARK, Vzkříšení uměleckého diletantismu, Praha 1908 Vojen LOŽEK – Václav CÍLEK – Jarmila KUBÍKOVÁ a kolektiv, Střední Čechy. Příroda, člověk, krajina, Praha 2003. Jiří LÖW – Igor MÍCHAL, Krajinný ráz, Kostelec nad Černými lesy 2003 Vladimír MACURA, Český sen, Praha 1999 Aleš MÁCHAL, Průvodce ekologickou výchovou, Brno 2002 Rudolf MAXIMOVIČ, Ochrana přírody v Německu, Zprávy památkové péče III, 1939, s. 21–25 Igor MÍCHAL, Divočina jako kulturní objekt. in: Tvář naší země – krajina domova. Sborník příspěvku ke konferenci konané ve dnech 8.–11. října 2002 v Praze a Průhonicích. Ed. I. Míchal, Praha–Průhonice 2002, s. 25–30 Igor MÍCHAL, Kulturně historická východiska postojů ke krajině: divočina – obdělaná zem – město (proměny vztahů), in: J. Löw – I. Míchal, Krajinný ráz, Kostelec nad Černými lesy 2003, s. 41–61 Moravské krajiny Miloše Spurného, Brno 1994 Martin NAWRATH (Ed.), Plánovací víkend. Příručka pro společné plánování veřejných prostranství, Brno 2003 Martin NAWRATH (Ed.), Tvorba vize komunity. Příručka pro společné plánování udržitelného rozvoje komunit, Brno 2004 Jan Svatopluk PROCHÁZKA, Moderní člověk a příroda, Praha 1926 Jan Svatopluk PROCHÁZKA, Ochrana přírody a přírodních památek, díl I, Praha 1926 Jan Svatopluk PROCHÁZKA, Okrašlování a ochrana domoviny. Vzorcová přednáška o úkolech a cílech spolků okrašlovacích a ochranných, Praha 1922 Ladislav PTÁČEK (Ed.), Interpretace místního dědictví. Příručka pro plánování a tvorbu prezentací místních zajímavostí, Brno 2004 Ladislav PTÁČEK, Okrašlovací hnutí a Svaz okrašlovací a ochranný, in: 25 let ČSOP. Sborník materiálů konference Dobrovolná ochrana přírody v ČR. Průhonice 10. a 11. prosince 2004. Ed. L. Ptáček. Brno 2004, s. 10–11 Ladislav PTÁČEK (Ed.), Péče o krajinu. Příručka pro výměnné pobyty k péči o krajinu a pozemkové spolky, Brno 2004 Alois RIEGL, Moderní kult památek, in: Alois Riegl (1858–1905). Moderní památková péče, Ed. I. Hlobil – T. Hlobil, Praha 2003, s. 9–75 Jiří SÁDLO – David STORCH, Biologie krajiny. Biotopy České republiky, Praha 2000 Robert SEDLÁK (Ed.), Utváření místa. Příručka k vytváření kvalitních veřejných prostranství, Brno 2003 Simon SHAMA, Krajina a paměť, Praha 2007 Walther SCHOENICHEN, Naturschutz, Heimatschutz. Ihre Begründung durch Ernst Rudorff, Hugo Conwentz und ihre Vorläufer, Stuttgart 1954 Gerhard SCHULZ, Romantika. Dějiny a pojem, Praha – Litomyšl 1999 Gary SNYDER, Praxe divočiny, Praha 1999 Karel STIBRAL, Příroda jako památka, Ekolist. Měsíčník o životním prostředí XI, 2006, s. 14–17 Otto URBAN, Česká společnost 1848–1918, Praha 1982 Otto URBAN, Kapitalismus a česká společnost. K otázkám formování české společnosti v 19. století, Praha 2003 Ivan VOREL, Krajinný ráz a jeho ochrana, 1. díl Charakter, ráz a identita krajiny, Ochrana přírody 61, 2006, č. 9, s. 262–265 Miloš ZÁLESKÝ, Ochrana přírody ve škole, Krása našeho domova XXVII, 1935, s. 144–145 Jiří ZEMÁNEK (Ed.), Divočina – příroda, duše, jazyk, Praha 2003 Jiří ZEMÁNEK (Ed.), Od země přes kopec do nebe… O chůzi, poutnictví a posvátné krajině, Praha 2005

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Things have been a little hectic in the city lately, so a little roadgolf is in order. Spook Rock is another teetime-website find. It's located in sleepy Rockland County near the New Jersey border and within the one-hour zone of golfability. At a shade under forty miles away, we're in low population density territory which means I’m not expecting crowds on this cold windy Saturday. Crossing the Tappan Zee Bridge to New Jersey | I don’t know what to expect having heard zilch about Spook Rock nor done any research. Didn’t even find out the slope or rating until after teeing off. I thought the name sounded cool. This is my golf game now. In a past life I would’ve looked up all such data and perused the scorecard, course photos and whatever other 411 I could find. But now that decrepitude has caught up, I'm picking out tee-times based mostly on price and likelihood of nobody being around. So far so good. While this no-dog policy is one I can certainly understand, I have a hard time imagining how such an official looking sign would be necessary. I mean how many people are trying to sneak dogs out onto the course? Not many, I am guessing. Anyways I should find out when this so-called "golf season" ends-- I'll bring Ringo and we can play an extremely long-range game of fetch. Very nice facilities here. The range and the practice green sit right next to the first tee. The first hole was kept relatively tidy but from the second hole on, nature’s bounty of autumn trash snarled our forward progress, gobbling up balls both errant and on-target. A few times we were robbed in plain sight, balls disappearing into piles right before our eyes as we watched helpless. But I am in a different category of golf participant these days, and whereas previously those leaves might’ve soured a whole round, now I just consider them a convenient scapegoat for my high scores. That's right, I’m just here to enjoy some low-stakes casual golf-oriented activity. I’m not even too bothered that there’s not enough time to finish eighteen holes before dark. I can hardly recognize my golf-self anymore. Such a casual attitude. Maybe I should look into buying “casualgolf.com”.

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Indie Guide to Toronto: Restaurants For me, the best part of Toronto is its food selection. I have visited the home countries of a lot of the types of food I love (Thai, Chinese, Greek, Italian, JAPANESE), yet the Toronto version of it offers something different and lovable and most importantly, affordable. We have FASTFOOD Greek restaurants here (that aren't just Gyros stands), and $5.99 sushi lunch specials that are awe-some (in France the "lunch special" is 9.99 EUROS, and that's supposed to get you excited). As I said in my last post about Toronto, it is like having a Food court of the World at your fingertips. As I also said, there are a million restaurants offering the same ethnic food with similar price ranges, that it makes choosing a good restaurant hardcore overwhelming. Sure, you can just waltz into any old sushi place and get mediocre service and 'meh' food for a cheap price, or you can check out the selections below, that have been tried, tested and true. They are where I've brought a wide array of hungry hip, students throughout our years at university and they have never been let down. If there is one thing my bouche is good for it's identifying stellar food. 1. Coffee Places/Brunch 2. Thai Food 5. Fun Illegal Fact 8. Korean BBQ 10. Grown Up Stuff 10. Grown Up Stuff 11. Some Canadian Music 1. Coffee Places/Brunch Tequila Bookworm, (Queen Street West): Think of Shakespeare and Co in Paris if it was turned into a coffee house. This cozy café has books lined against the wall, funky paintings everywhere and the best part: comfortable couches and chairs. The free wifi makes this a place where you can spend hours just browsing interesting blogs (like this one for instance) or getting lost in the economics of crack cocaine (Freakonomics) while listening to Hot Chip and Interpol in the background. If you're one of those ‘appreciating the small things in life’ people, this is definitely a place that will fill your heart with warm feelings. And if you are here for extended periods it may easily become your fav place to chillizzle. Also puts on parties and events in the evening. Aunties and Uncle's Breakfast (College and Lippencott): Futures Bakery (Annex) : After an insane night of party, this is where you go for the morning-after-debrief slash hangover brunch with friends before starting off your day in the city. It is more a student life feeling than Tequila Bookworm. The epitome of university hangout, the place is filled with excited and hung over students reminiscing heartily about the night before with large groups of friends. The eats are cheap and large and the bakery part is amazing. This place is filled at night on the patio as people go there for drinks in the summer. Sweet ambiance, good prices, and yummy deserts makes this a staple in U of T student and Annex life. Tea Time (Annex): Come here for a more trendy and sophisticated ambiance. Free wifi, lots of food to nibble and a wide variety of tea selections, make it perfect for studying or having intimate conversations. Feels like somewhere the girls in Sex and the City would hang but since its in the Annex, shave 10 years off the women and that's the feeling you get while there. Moonbeam Cafe (Kensington): Just off Kensington Street where all the vintage shops are. It's always full rain or shine, summer or winter. They have awesome vegan delights and shelves of different flavored coffee beans that you can get grounded and packed or served in a french press and enjoy it while taking in the music picks of the day. The backroom is usually filled with busy students or the casual reader because the music only plays in the front room. The back patio is great for reading or occasionally breaking out a board game with your friends. (Thanks to our reader below for the contribution. I've been and agree completely!) Supermarket (Kensington): This is a hip little restaurant with asian inspired meals and every sunday they have Free Fall Sundays where musicians can sign up for open mic and share their songs. You don't even need to play an instrument or bring one because the house band can back you up if requested or you can even appeal to waiting performers sitting in the audience. Regardless of the music you bring, the crowd is always supportive. (Thanks again reader!) HELP! Looking for new Thai places for 2nd Edition of this guide! The Pad Thai that will Make you Crai Bangkok Paradise (Queen Street West and Dennison): Everything about this place on the outside seems mediocre (let's be honest though. What sketchy ethnic restaurant doesn't?). The difference with this place though is that it actually is mediocre. No hidden gem here. Once you try the food you'll wish you could pay your bill in vomit.The Pad Thai, the most basic and difficult to screw up, not only tasted dull but also unbearable to finish between two people. The service was not even passable. The server seemed to think that he was doing us a favour by taking our food orders and answering questions about the menu. After working as a waitress throughout uni to finance school (and travels), there is one thing I cannot stand and it's bad service. In short, bad food + bad service = unforgivable. Khao San Road Toronto: This is a fairly new Thai place that is getting a lot of hype. It was opened by the same folks who own Sukhothai, a restaurant that has some serious street cred, but when I went to Khao San road it was at best disappointing. The food was a giant 'meh', the ambiance the same. Read the full review here. Closed down :( Simon Sushi (Chinatown): This is my second favourite place. Everything is amazing about it, but the Dynamite rolls at J-Time just give it the extra edge in my love. What I must say about this place is that it has incredible service. The chef, Simon, has consistently delivered great food and great service, that I've seen his business grow steadily throughout the years since I first stumbled upon it in my first year. While waiting for your food, Simon will offer you tea and yummy string beans to munch on. Most impressive and surprising thing about this affordable place is that he'll often he'll offer you complimentary rolls to taste (amuse bouche) which you only see at fancier restaurants. At the end of your meal you'll get an orange that is expertly diced up to help your digestion. You're mouth is never left bored and you are happy from the moment you walk in to the moment you leave (that's what he said?). Metro: Spadina Subway Stop, streetcar and stop one stop south of College. Lunch special: $5.99 Tax included Soup+ Salad+ 6 california rolls + 6 cool rolls * LFRW pick: California Rolls + Spicy Salmon Skin Roll (especially good how Simon makes them) Supreme Sushi (Yonge and Wellesly): This is serving as my replacement J-time. The lunch special is 5.99 and if you want to substitute stuff it's a bit more expensive. I went on recommendation of my lil' bro who worked across the street and even claims it's better than J-Time. Yea right, but I must admit it's pretty good and cheap. Win. I recommend the skydome rolls!! Sushi Island (College and Bathurst): All-you-can-eat Sushi for a cheap price is always a gamble, but here at Sushi Island you're in good hands. There is a just maki option which is about 14 dollars and a maki, sushi, terryiaki and dessert option for about $19. It's definitely not as good or tasty as a normal sushi restaurant but for an all-you-can-eat place you will definitely get your money's worth. There are insane and creative rolls, great variety, and decent service. For the price you will not find anything comparable! Be careful though, if you don't finish your maki you will have to pay for each unfinished piece. Some ghetto tactics I've seen over the years to avoid paying more: a) hide it in your soup under the noodles; b) put it in a napkin; c) bring Tupperware and take some roadies; d) go to the bathroom with your pockets full and flush it; e)hide it in the green tea pot.. hahaha I swear I've never seen that, but it sounds hilarious; f) find some plants. g) make a bet with a friend and the loser is forced to eat everyone's leftovers. I've never done any of these of course, just trying to help out! Guu Izayaka (Church and Gerrard): Not specifically sushi, this place has all my friends going insane about it. It's cool because it's set up as a Japanese Izayaka and has amazing food to go along with it. It's not the cheapest, but more than one trusted friend has said that it's well worth the experience. Excited to try it out myself! 398 Church St Lobster King, (Chinatown): Formerly called Happy 7, rumour has it that it is run by the Toronto Triad. I have no idea if that is true, but what I do know is that its chicken balls and fried rice are to die for (like $8). Opened at all hours of the night, you can come here and order “cold tea*.” This resto, probably best appreciated when inebriated (as with most late night Chinese food,)will give you great service and good prices, and will definitely beat out Kum Jug across the street! Kum Jug (Chinatown) :To be fair, Kum Jug does have a sweet deal with duck and white rice or pork with rice for for under 5 dollars and has worked its way into U of T'ers hearts, even if not my own. 5. *Fun Illegal Fact: If you want to continue drinking after official alcohol selling hours have stopped, which in Toronto is super lame- 2 am, go to Chinatown and order Cold Tea. Cold Tea is code for beer that they disguise in cute, innocent tea pots to evade detection! For this reason I love China town and Toronto. Pho Hung (Annex/Chinatown): Look for the bright yellow sign with a cheerful bovine as the mascot. I'm not usually down for chain restaurants, but this place has successfully brought Vietnamese food to pop culture here in Toronto. When you go you have to get Pho, which is Vietnamese soup filled with different sorts of noodles and accompanied by a meat of your choice and crazy spices. This soup will bring a Ho Chi Minh party to your mouth. Although soup does not sound filling, you can choose to get a small or large portion and it will undoubtedly satisfy you. Trust me, Pho is not normal soup and it crucial that if you're in town you try it here for its cheap and good quality. Metro: Get out at Bay Station and walk west on Bloor. It is upstairs, over some Chinese food and burrito place. 7. Pizza/ Italian Vecchio Frak (Little Italy, College Street): This is a very nice place for a romantic date while remaining in a hip and young ambiance. The food is delicious, the decor and dimly lit room and decently priced menu is perfect for a couple on a budget, as my boyfriend at the time were on in first year. We had come before a Trinity charity ball and were not out of place. Little Italy is filled with affordable restaurants, but finding a classy and cheap one is not the easiest. Meals go for around $12-20. Metro: College Subway Station, take College streetcar westbound to Little Italy. Veni Vidi Vici (Little Italy, College Street): Also very cute, classy and affordable. Same idea as Vecchio Frak. Where NOT to Go: 8. Korean BBQ Greek Town on the Danforth: I can’t point out a specific restaurant in this area (your suggestions would be great!) but I cannot stress how important it is for a foreigner (even one who is familiar with real Greek food) to dine here. Having visited my lovely friend Josephine on Patmos (Greek Island) I had the opportunity to try to real deal. Although it was amazing, rich food, it didn't quite have the same pazzazz as the food in Greek Town of Toronto. *LFRW pick (I know it's pretty standard, but I swear I could not find the same combination in Greece!): Chicken Souvlaki Dinner - shish kebab chicken + Greek salad + lemon potatoes+ rice + Tzatziki (awesome yogurt garlic sauce). All this for under $15!!! 10. Grown Up Stuff Union (Ossington): This list is small and humble as I grow up slowly but nonetheless here goes! Union is super trendy, fresh food with a French bistro ambiance. Not the cheapest ($20 a plate), but worth it for a date or stylish dinner with friends. The art is nice, service good, and the owner, Teo, brings all the good things he picked up from working in Paris to the hot emerging adult zone of Toronto. Delux (Ossington): Same ambiance as Union and just a block away. The decor is a bit more modern and funky and the food is damn good too. Went there for an end-of-school ladies dinner and dressed up a bit for the occasion. Highly recommended by these cool adult types and it does not disappoint! 11. Canadian Music It's Canadian Music Week in Toronto. Get excited kids and check out some awesomeness, Canadiana styles. Woodhands (album cover above) After going through a lull in awesome electro music since checking out 80 Kidz, I have come across Woodhands. It's no surprise that T Dizzle pumps out good electro artists (MSTRCRFT, Crystal Castles), but holy Mohammed do I feel lucky to have this melodic, glam rock electro group that spins a hard catchy beat come from my city. I had a hard time picking just one song so I recommend buying the newest album, Remorsescapades- it's all good. Hopefully will be seeing them this weekend for CMW, maybe LFRW will get an interview. Wish us luck! Be Back Soon-Woodhands.mp3 Cymbals Eat Guitars Not Canadian, but equally as awesome. Feels like the Pixies and Modest Mouse, this young band from New York will no doubt explode (probably while playing in Toronto at El Mocambo next month April 6th!!). And the Hazy Sea- Cymbals Eat Guitars.mp3 Montrealaise Band. Check em out at El Mocambo March 12th for CMW! Radio Kaliningrad-Handsome Furs.mp3 Want to know where to get drinks and party in Toronto? See Also.. Electro and Indie Clubs Bars and Music Venues Canadian Identity and Why Toronto is the Yummiest Place in the World.

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1、New-type flexible epoxy curing agent. Bonding, encapsulation and packaging of heterogeneous and soft materials with obvious different thermal expansion coefficients. Encapsulation of electronic and electric components that need light permeability; large surface area decorative, and protective layers. The outstanding feature is it cures at room temperature and, after curing, has desirable flexibility; a 5mm cured test piece did not break when folded. Low viscosity, good performance, convenient to use, no toxicity, low irritation, safe and harmless to workers. Low exothermic curing temperature, long service life, and produces transparent cured substance with light color and glossy surface. 2、Crystal epoxy hard adhesive Crystal 3D decorations of Dacron and paper trademarks and nameplates, unstressed encapsulation of electronic or electric devices. Can be cured at room temperature and is light in color and looks like crystal; high gloss and no whitening; highly adhesive and cured film is soft and as elastic as rubber; environmentally friendly with little odor and low toxicity; safe and user friendly; small viscosity and bubbles can be easily discharged. 3、Epoxy grinding wheel adhesive Applicable for self-bonding, mutual bonding, and sealing of metal, glass, ceramic, stone, bamboos, fabric, cement, hard plastics and other materials; typically used for assembling polishing impellers. A dual-component epoxy adhesive that cures at room temperature and has desirable performance; safe, convenient and extremely adhesive. 4、Flexible epoxy adhesive cured at room temperature Bonding of heterogeneous materials with obviously different thermal expansion coefficients, especially soft materials, such as metal and plastic, metal and foam plastic, and metal and glass or ceramic. Repairing or joint filling in buildings and concrete components. Bonding and assembly of electronic components and sensing elements that take little stress. Low viscosity and good performance and suitable for gluing a large area. Low toxicity and irritation and safe and harmless to workers. After curing, adhesive layer is transparent and light in color and has a glossy surface. Adhesive layer has good flexibility and stress response of bonded parts and desirable impact resistance. Bonding strength is good and suitable for bonding under various conditions. 5、New-type elastic epoxy adhesive Bonding of heterogeneous and soft materials with obvious different thermal expansion coefficients, such as metal and plastic, and metal and. glass or ceramic. Filling expansion joints of bridge decks. Bonding of plastics (PVC, PMMA). Repairing and joint filling of concrete components. Bonding and assembly of electronic components and sensing elements that cannot take stress. Low viscosity, good performance, simple formulating of adhesive, convenient to use. Low heat release and long service life. After curing, the adhesive layer is extremely soft with large expansion--contraction ratio and desirable impact resistance; stress on bonded parts is small. Not water- or carbon dioxide-sensitive and has no amine turbidity; surface of the cured substance is glossy. Mixing proportion of curing agent is large, so error in weighing has little impact. Low toxicity and irritation and safe or harmless to workers Removable (at 80 C if needed); by adjusting formula, can meet the special requirements of optical instruments.

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1 พฤศจิกายน 2024 2 Chairman Barack Obama revealed a different property foreclosure-release effort now he states may help to 9 billion troubled homeowners. Earlier in the day applications have the ability to essentially failed. But the plan launched today is both greater plus aggressive than just earlier in the day operate. The program commits around $275 billion into the government funds to store members of their homes. NPR’s John Ydstie now has regarding how the bundle work. JOHN YDSTIE: There are around three main suggests homeowners would be assisted from this package. Immediately, the issue is that due to large refuses in home beliefs across the country, people home owners are obligated to pay regarding the mortgage loans than its home can be worth. Chairman Obama said now he’d flake out limitations to your Fannie and you may Freddie making it easy for these people so you’re able to re-finance. BARACK OBAMA: As well as the estimated costs to help you taxpayers could well be more or less zero. If you find yourself Fannie and Freddie do discover less overall inside costs, this would be balanced out-by a reduction in non-payments and you will foreclosures. YDSTIE: Nevertheless the regulators increases the newest backstop it’s getting to have Fannie and you may Freddie by $200 million. New chairman states which part of the plan may help cuatro to 5 million residents get rid of its monthly mortgage repayments. ZANDI: The actual problem with foreclosures is based on money you to Fannie and you can Freddie do not have too much to would with – the brand new nonconforming markets, subprime funds, enough solution-A debt, specific https://paydayloanalabama.com/talladega/ jumbo fund – which will be in which all of the foreclosures is going on and can are present. And they never make the most of one area of the package. YDSTIE: However the next part of the property cut bundle is actually designed to assist residents having those individuals exotic mortgages. Once the President Obama informed me today, it requires the government and lenders partnering to minimize monthly obligations of these people. OBAMA: Here is what this means. If loan providers and you can homebuyers work together, additionally the financial believes giving prices your debtor normally afford, upcoming we’re going to make up area of the pit anywhere between just what old costs was and you may just what the latest payments might be. The application form would be volunteer, although any standard bank is always to need save your self money from the government down the road could be necessary to participate. Brand new chairman estimated 3 to 4 billion people would-be helped by this an element of the plan. Mark Zandi believes this section of the container would depend too-much towards the attract-rate decreases. He argues one to provided exactly how much home prices provides dropped, cutting dominating for the financing is needed to stop foreclosures rapidly. SUSAN WACHTER: Evidence online would be the fact if you find yourself prominent protection is very important, what exactly is most key ‘s the homeloan payment. That is what should be quicker. If in case you to reduction arrives using interest decrease or prominent decreases – realization, it is what folks spend that must definitely be affordable. YDSTIE: Wachter says full, she thinks this is an excellent plan and will provides an enthusiastic impact. The final biggest factor in Chairman Obama’s housing conserve package depends into passing of personal bankruptcy regulations swinging from Congress. It will succeed case of bankruptcy judges to jot down the worth of the loan owed of the a citizen to the current worth of the house. And create plans to possess residents to keep and work out payments. John Ydstie, NPR Information, Washington. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright laws NPR.

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It’s only appropriate that South Dakota be home to the largest underground goldmine. After all, the state itself is a veritable goldmine - not only in terms of majestic scenery like the Black Hills but also in terms of the educational opportunities offered within its borders. More specifically, you’ll find some great reputable medical assisting schools in South Dakota, a few of which are listed below. Browse through the list and find the school and program that works best for you. You’ll find campuses near Sioux Falls, Pierre, and Sturgis as well as several fantastic online schools allowing you to become a certified medical assistant at your own pace. As a South Dakota medical assistant, you will: - Ensure the smooth operation of a medical office - Take care of patients’ needs - Perform minor medical tasks - Perform administrative duties as needed Some career figures for medical assisting graduates in South Dakota: - Average annual salary: $25,130 - Currently employed: 1,060 - Employment outlook: 34% growth - Most popular degrees: Associate’s, Certificate Figures courtesy of the U.S. Department of Labor’s Occupational Employment & Wages database. South Dakota Medical Assistant Schools Enrolling Now National American University National American University is about personal development and community. When you choose to attend NAU, you don’t just join a group of diverse students and faculty; you join a group of people from all walks of life sharing a unique experience. Our staff is devoted to helping you balance your education with your personal and professional obligations - it’s our commitment. Through flexible class scheduling, dedicated career advisors and quality programs, NAU strives to provide a caring and supportive learning environment to ensure your success as a student. - Sioux Falls, SD - Medical Assisting A.A.S. Keiser University eCampus Online For over 35 years, Keiser University has provided student-centered, quality career education. Keiser University Online offers degree programs online to prepare students for in-demand professions. Degrees are offered with a curriculum that is in pace with technology and workforce demand trends in business, criminal justice, healthcare and computer technology. Our “one-class-at-a-time” approach allows busy students to focus on their education and balance the demands of work and family. - Keiser University eCampus Online - Associate of Science in Medical Assisting

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Midwest Food Bank Ranks as One of the Best Volunteer Organizations Midwest Food Bank, the largest faith-based food bank in the US, is a non-denominational, non-profit 501(c)(3) charitable organization. An Organization with Integrity With the help of volunteers, dedication of strategic leaders, and generosity of donors, Midwest Food Bank has flourished into something greater than the founding family could have ever imagined. Now, Midwest Food Bank has a presence across the globe and is widely recognized not only for its service to those in need, but also because of its organizational transparency. 99% of every donation goes directly toward providing food to people in need. The remaining 1% of income is used for fundraising, costs of leadership, oversight, and other administrative expenses. Third-Parties Give Midwest Food Bank Their Highest Honors Charity Navigator is America's premier independent charity evaluator. They help charitable givers make intelligent decisions by providing in-depth, objective ratings and analysis of the financial health, accountability, and transparency of America's largest charities. Charity Navigator has awarded four out of four possible stars to Midwest Food Bank (MFB) since 2011. Receiving four stars indicates that our organization adheres to good governance and other best practices that minimize the chance of unethical activities and consistently executes its mission in a fiscally responsible way. Please click on the logo or links to review our four-star rating. Charity Navigator holds information on every nonprofit registered in the United States. Ratings are determined based upon aspects of IRS tax status, revenue, length of operations, location, public support, fundraising expenses, and administrative expenses. Ranking as one of the top non-profit organizations in the nation is a great honor and further exemplifies our mission. By ensuring that the dollars donated to our organization go directly toward feeding people suffering from food insecurity across the world, we have solidified our four out of four-star rating for the past ten consecutive years. Midwest Food Bank has received the Guidestar Gold Seal of Transparency. This prestigious recognition underscores its commitment to accountability and excellence in nonprofit management. Guidestar is the world’s largest source of information on nonprofit organizations. By earning this seal, Midwest Food Bank demonstrates its dedication to transparency, showcasing detailed information about its finances, impact, and leadership to the public. Guidestar, a service of Candid, plays a vital role in the nonprofit sector by providing comprehensive, up-to-date data on over 2.7 million nonprofits. It helps donors make informed decisions by assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of organizations. The Gold Seal is one of Guidestar's highest levels of recognition, signifying that Midwest Food Bank has made key information easily accessible and is deeply committed to honesty and transparency in its operations. This achievement reflects the Food Bank’s dedication to its mission of alleviating hunger and malnutrition.

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Nico gives a seminar at Building The Cell. He will talk about cell shape microtubule asters and pattern of cell division in early embryos. - The lab is recruiting: We have several opened positions for post-docs and engIneers - Maribel is awarded a MARIE CURIE Post-DOC fellowship - The lab is recruiting: ERC-funded post-doc position to work on cytoplasm mechanics and cell division - Welcome to Camilla and Fatima our new Master students! - The lab was awarded another ERC grant ! Bravo everyone..

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR REQUEST We will be in touch soon. In the city of lights, we discover this week the Covet Paris Showroom. It’s a place where luxury lighting products are exposed. This showroom is the best place to find some inspiration for your lighting decoration. Located in front of the Marché aux Puces des Antiquités de Saint-Ouen, the Covet Paris Showroom exposed different brands of lighting like Brabbu, Delightfull or Luxxu. In this place, you can find some lighting design to decorate your home. It’s the best way for you to see the lighting pieces in a real situation and why not be inspired with what you see. The first lighting brand that you can discover in this space is Delightfull, which propose different style of lighting pieces. All the pieces convey a strong image and identity. Brabbu is the other brand that they expose. Fierceness, strength and power define the brand. Always inspired by nature, all the lighting pieces will suit perfectly in your home decoration. The products have a real story, it’s the reason why their storytelling is great. You will be submerged in Brabbu’s World. The last lighting brand is Luxxu which mix traditional shapes with design. They can give you some lighting ideas for your decoration. Why do we love Covet Paris Showroom ? It’s an inspiring place. We’re sure that you will find lighting inspiration for you home. All the lighting pieces tell a story and this exposure it’s a good way to imagine them in a real space. Welcoming and cozy, we see the identity of each brand. We recommend. You will leave a real experience. If you want to visit and discover this Covet Paris Showroom, you have to know that they organize a cocktail party 19th and 20th of this month. All this brand will also expose during Maison et Objet 2018 in Paris this week-end, 19th to 23rd January. Brabbu’s Stand : Hall 5B, Stand M29-N30 Delightfull’s Stand : Hall 7, Stand E46-F45 Luxxu’s Stand : Hall 8, Stand B103 These events are perfect if you want to discover more about these brands but also if you want to see the quality of the products. SEE ALSO : 5 Modern Light Tables You Will Want To Steal We hope you liked our article ! Feel free to pin all the images to your favorite Pinterest board or to print it and use them in your mood board. Find us on Pinterest for more Modern Lighting Ideas. You can also subscribe our newsletter and receive the best tips !

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Professional Singles’ participants try experienced, effective individuals who grab its jobs absolutely. It well worth their private lifestyle to its professional lives, so they really want an equally big fits. With Elite group Single people, you’ll find people who share your own welfare and you may appeal, you don’t have to love effect such as for instance you are going for the times having strangers non-stop. It’s an online community where you can satisfy and you can talk with almost every other physicians, or simply nearest and dearest. The brand new software have a giant representative base and you can makes it simple to search for some body near you. Match is created only for physicians while offering profiles a safer answer to apply at most other medical professionals, people and scientific students. The fresh software in addition to allows users to produce profiles which might be searchable from the expertise, area and you will gender. If you are looking for someone that have the person you share similar passions, Suits is a fantastic option whilst enables you to indicate your particular top-notch interests (eg cardiac operations otherwise oncology). This will help narrow down the outcomes and work out they much easier about how to get a hold of a person who offers comparable welfare also since a familiar records (since the majority medical professionals are employed in medical facilities). Fits offers members use of countless singles throughout the newest world. You might subscribe to lookup pictures out of regional matches, get a hold of a night out together this evening and you can apply at likeminded single men and women! The fresh new Group This new Category, an application to have physicians, the most exclusive relationship applications in the market. New app’s fundamental market is young, unmarried masters in their 20s and you will 30s who happen to live from inside the big urban centers. But it also provides a following certainly one of older people trying to find a life threatening relationship. The app demands most of the users to own LinkedIn profiles, but it addittionally goes beyond only linking with others whom display similar perform otherwise appeal. It’s made to help somebody meet some one it won’t if not see because of people they know, meaning that there’s more strain on the app to be certain that you get top quality fits rather than just anyone who goes to get nearby. It is going to be simple to find someone toward Category! Christian Mingle are a matchmaking software to own doctors. It is meant to connect those in medical industry, but it also links individuals who are just shopping for love. The new software possess more 2 million members, it is therefore definitely worth checking out when you’re seeking meeting special someone. Part of the reason for Christian Mingle is always to let somebody come across schedules one express the trust and you may beliefs. Although not, it is far from restricted to just Christians. There are various non-Christians whom make use of this relationship software also as they require to meet up other people who has actually equivalent values and welfare. Religious Socialize is fantastic for single men and women who want a serious matchmaking having somebody who shares the values and you live escort reviews Durham can opinions. The fresh new relationships software may be used around the globe, so there are enough alternatives for your for many who travelling frequently or alive overseas. You are able to like how long away from your venue you can ensure it is suits can be found you don’t get weighed down from the someone in your area are listed on the webpages within just after! That’s it for now in the “6 Better Matchmaking Apps to have D) – Like Lives Checkup” stuff made by Victoria Milan for you! If you are looking for more blogs like this, you can visit our blog site and be updated. In addition to, Victoria Milan is the greatest informal dating site you could discover anyone. With 10 million users, progressive framework, and novel features, Victoria Milan offers an informed user experience. %100 anonymous and you can look for online users with the website and start an instant talk. You can also easily find the best partner which have filtering solutions. Additionally, registration on Victoria Milan is free of charge. Look for somebody quickly and easily which have Victoria Milan. Follow on to join up to Victoria Milan.

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Il Rapido Versione: Chapel Hill case l ‘Università di North Carolina a Chapel Hill, e circa il 32 percento dei residenti tendono ad essere tra i 20 e i 34 anni. vecchio. Durante class session, oltre 18.800 undergrads e 11.000 grad pupils vagare il campus e the downtown area location. Naturalmente, questo università area ha effettivamente un relativamente efficace dating world. You can always get a hold of a farm-to-table restaurant, a free galleria d’arte, un pittoresco parco o un occasione economico a Chapel Hill. The roads e nature conserves tend to be pieno di uscire opzioni, e ora noi abbiamo scelto alcuni ben noto grande data luoghi semplicemente aiutare coppie connect tramite fornito interessi e attività. Se ami rilassante in riva al lago o muoversi tutta la notte in un club, hai una possibilità ottenere- away e goditi te stesso in una fiorente south community. Un amico di mio incontrato suo duraturo fidanzata anche se erano partecipando alla University di North Carolina a Chapel Hill. Era stato un giovane, e lei era stata una matricola, nondimeno finirono su nello stesso economia corso. The guy si è azzerato sul subito, ma lei non sembra interessato a lui. Non è il tipo di ragazzo diventare scoraggiato, tuttavia, quindi the guy ha iniziato discovering suggerimenti per vincere la donna finita. Through the “Twilight” mezzanotte premier alla mongolfiera voli, lui considerato ogni basic day activity under the sun prima finalmente scegliere di lasciarlo riposare fare la ragazza. “Ti eleva ovunque dovresti vai,” the guy ha detto. “Lo chiami.” Aveva anticipato la ragazza per bisogno una carrozza trainata da cavalli per una steakhouse, ma tutto ciò che voleva era in realtà una fetta di pizza. Così, dopo class, hanno passeggiato fino a IP3 su occidentale Franklin. Avevano un grande momento collettivamente, plus it non era molto tempo prima il mio buon amico si è sciolto il suo time ‘s heart. Chapel Hill in realtà un college città con un accogliente, moderno e energico feeling. I datari possono invariabilmente scoprire qualcosa piacevole realizzare qui perché il città è circondato da verde e pieno di abbordabile attività. A lot of local aziende servire civettuole giovani cercare un divertimento data particolare, quindi preparare un appuntamento romantico sera è diretto dentro questo radiante città. Abbiamo selezionato alcuni di il più popolare appuntamento importante luoghi aiutare molto coppie piano il giusto big date a Chapel Hill. “vermont, in genere, in realtà un sorprendente stato, e Chapel Hill ha ragione nel mezzo di|al centro di|in|esattamente al centro} “, ha detto|ha dichiarato|menzionato} Patty Griffin, Direttore delle comunicazioni per il Chapel Hill / Orange County Visitors Bureau. “non lo è only an excellent destination to go to, but there is a lot to-do besides.” World-Class Museums & Gardens Cultivate romantic Conversations When inquired about classic neighborhood big date areas, the North Carolina Botanical landscaping had been one of the primary circumstances Patty mentioned. These stunning landscapes showcase plant home gardens, nature trails, and various other scenic places high in greenery. “It really is like strolling over the state,” she stated. “you are able to roam around and find out a lot about vegetation.” This type of a peaceful environment are a romantic setting for partners on a primary date or celebrating a proposal or an anniversary. A lot of parks and character preserves dot Chapel Hill besides. The Brumley household character keep is actually a 613-acre community room positioned minutes from downtown place. The wooded places, groves, and ponds are linked by 15 miles of winding nature trails excellent for partners biking or climbing collectively. Riverwalk in Hillsborough is actually a flat greenway stretching 1.8 miles across the Eno River, having folks from the mountains on the sea. Lots of beautiful areas provide partners with a romantic place to get a picture, have a conversation, and appreciate the pure beauty of North Carolina. Chapel Hill features backyard tasks going on year round. “A lot of Orange County is actually rural,” Patty said, “generally there’s many open space to understand more about.” However, you don’t need to end up being outdoorsy getting a lot of fun inside social spot. The college university has a free art gallery with 18,000 pieces of art within the permanent collection. Since 1958, the Ackland Art Museum provides knowledgeable and entertained website visitors of any age. On Mondays, the art gallery also has pilates classes. You are able to take a romantic date to an art gallery, organic garden, or planetarium in Chapel Hill to leave of your own shells in order to find something you should speak about in a laid-back environment. Locally Owned Restaurants Give lovers a Taste of Romance The Chapel Hill region boasts over 300 restaurants featuring all types of cuisine. You can find top-quality steakhouses and come-as-you-are burger bones inside university town. A lot of award-winning chefs offer trademark dishes known for the place. Folks come from everywhere that state to sample the farm-fresh ice-cream at Maple see Farm, and Crook’s area is actually famed for the shrimp and grits and honeysuckle sorbet. I encourage couples on a budget take to Al’s Burger Shack, which serves hamburgers, hot dogs, shakes, and sweet potato fries. You can purchase a bite-sized hamburger for under $5. All hamburgers are built with pasture-raised beef and in your area sourced cheddar and greens. The everyday atmosphere and top-notch food are certain to please any carnivorous daters. If you’re looking to get more of a trendy date experience, you could make reservations at Bin 54, a steakhouse placed as one of the best in the nation by OpenTable. The substantial drink number and trademark cocktails add class to your go out. You can easily treat the date to an artisan mozzarella cheese plate, a wood-fire grilled steak, and a luscious dessert beverage as of this high-end cafe. James-Beard award-winning cook Andrea Reusing started Lantern in Chapel Hill to celebrate Pan Asian types with a Southern perspective. The present day environment and mouth-watering food provide daters plenty to generally share while they dig in. Plus, the Lantern Table supper show features cooking classes and personal dining experiences for 45 friends in cooking area living area. These activities can make for joyful and engaging time evenings. Patty also recommended ordering a beer and seated outside regarding pavement at Carolina Brewery or catching a late-night bite with a romantic date at periods, a downtown eatery that never shuts. Numerous in your area owned organizations in Chapel Hill tempt daters with an original knowledge, and, throughout yearly TerraVita Festival, the spot’s top cooks and meals artisans showcase farm-to-table meals and other trademark meals in four-day meals event. “to achieve the foodstuff world even more, you are able to simply take a meals or distillery concert tour, or decide to try a preparing class at a world class cooking school,” Patty stated. “whatever you want, you can find right here.” Alive music activities at regional Clubs & Bars If you find attractive moving the night time out with special someone, you can check out the pubs and clubs in Chapel Hill. Neighborhood 506 is a favorite place known for featuring up-and-coming rock bands and musicians on tour. You truly must be an associate to go to these shows, but membership merely costs $2 and lasts for existence. Local 506 does not offer food, but it is within walking range of Al’s Burger Shack, Carrburritos, Northside District, also food bones that remain open up late to nourish eager concert goers. The Cave is another iconic music venue with an entire bar and late curfew. Open up until 2 a.m. 7 days per week, this candlight hangout produces a romantic setting for partners. From the moment you descend into this belowground plunge, you will end up in the middle of great songs and great business. “This place made me feel younger once more,” stated Michael N. in a Yelp analysis. “Like a college pupil in a cool-ass diving club.” Cat’s-cradle in Carrboro is actually less than a kilometer from UNC’s university and creates a rocking night out. The nightclub creates rock concerts for up to 750 folks. Over the last forty years, this music venue has organized big-name performers and bands, including Nirvana, Public opposing forces, John Mayer, and Iggy Pop. The shows frequently highlight regional ability also. Some common bands, such as Smashing Pumpkins and Widespread Panic, came out during the cat’s-cradle as unknowns and soon after turned into well-known. “the songs world has experienced rather a history right here,” Patty informed united states, “and it’s however preferred and going strong.” Each night, the the downtown area place arrives live with pupils, graduates, as well as other singles, therefore and your big date can proceed with the noise of live music to find a romantic location to share a drink. Or, if you’re into leveling enhance date-night experience, you can enjoy a game of Galaga and a rounded of drinks at Baxter, an arcade bar on Graham Street. This nerdy-chic club is available until 2 a.m. all week-long, so you’re able to additionally stop by and test your own big date to an antique arcade online game. You never know? You will visit your title right up in chalk about high-score board. Chapel Hill is a reasonable & gorgeous Holiday in South You don’t need to look really far discover outstanding time activity in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Whether the big date prefers chowing upon pizza pie or rocking out to stay songs, the city has its own budget-friendly alternatives for any individual searching for a very good time. Possible build a particular day by checking out the home gardens, festivals, restaurants, and bars in your neighborhood. During the summer, partners can cuddle collectively and revel in films underneath the movie stars regarding Wallace Parking Deck or sit on a blanket soothing to call home music on the Village Green lawn at Southern Village. Inside winter season, they are able to tour the decorated urban area streets and beautify cookies while sipping hot chocolate. Plus, regarding the next monday of each and every month, Chapel Hill and Carrboro host a prominent ArtWalk where local galleries start their own doors during the night and provide small plates and drinks for a discounted rate. “what is actually great about a college town could it possibly be provides built-in activities which are relatively inexpensive or free of charge,” Patty informed us. “there is truly a great deal to carry out in Chapel Hill.”

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Coronavirus COVID-19 (2019-nCoV) Data sources: WHO, CDC, ECDC, NHC and DXY and local media reports. Read more in this blog. Contact US. FAQ. What the coronavirus lockdown looks like from space More than a third of the world's population is now under lockdown as an increasing number of countries implement sweeping measures to fight the coronavirus pandemic. The drastic measures have emptied streets, disrupted travel and slowed economic activity - all while slashing air pollution. More: Coronavirus: Which countries have confirmed cases?Why is Italy's coronavirus fatality rate so high? Event Horizon - COVID-19 => numbers last updated: Sat, 28 Mar 2020 21:11:04 CET <= As of March 28, 2020 , 593291 total cases of COVID-19 have been confirmed worldwide. Background SCIENCEMAG 19/05/20 Why do some COVID-19 patients infect many others, whereas most don’t spread the virus at all? Science’s COVID-19 reporting is supported by the Pulitzer Center. When 61 people met for a choir practice in a church in Mount Vernon, Washington, on 10 March, everything seemed normal. For 2.5 hours the chorists sang, snacked on cookies and oranges, and sang some more. COVID-19 #CoronaVirus Infographic Datapack COVID-19 #Coronavirus latest data visualized IMPORTANT READS » Flattening the Curve (NY Times) » Detailed #coronavirus pandemic overview + modelling (Medium) » How does Corona virus compare with flu? (NY Times) » Coronavirus is very different to Spanish flu (NY Times) Change log UPDATE 12th Mar – added Flattening the Curve UPDATE 11th Mar – revised Case Fatality Rates by Country. Italy up to 6.2%. Pandemic, Epidemic & a Glossary of Other Coronavirus Terms A disease cluster or infection cluster is a group of similar health events that have occurred in the same area around the same time. You may have heard some new cases of the current coronavirus described as "outbreak clusters." Community spread is spread of a disease among a certain area, in which there is no direct knowledge of how or when someone contracted the disease. While some cases of coronavirus can be pinpointed to certain trips, associations between people or other events, instances of "community spread" are less specific and harder to trace. The coronavirus is actually not one type of virus; it is a large family of viruses that also includes SARS and other minor to major respiratory illnesses. Covid-19 Cases of Covid-19 first emerged in late 2019, when a mysterious illness was reported in Wuhan, China. The cause of the disease was soon confirmed as a new kind of coronavirus, and the infection has since spread to many countries around the world and become a pandemic. On 11 February the World Health Organization announced that the official name would be covid-19, a shortened version of coronavirus disease 2019. COVID-19: This tool tracks coronavirus's path in Europe While some European countries are easing restrictions, others remain under lockdown. The World Economic Forum created a tool tracking the distinct path of COVID-19 within European countries. Europe is starting down an uneven road to recovery. Denmark is reopening society more quickly than anticipated, and Switzerland is eyeing the easing of emergency measures. Coronavirus Update (Live) How dangerous is the virus? There are three parameters to understand in order to assess the magnitude of the risk posed by this novel coronavirus: Transmission Rate (Ro) - number of newly infected people from a single caseCase Fatality Rate (CFR) - percent of cases that result in death Determine whether asymptomatic transmission is possible Understanding COVID-19: A Primer As a psychologist, I am not well-versed in the technical language of viruses. As such, I took some time to ask my friend, Dr. Waldemar Schmidt, who is an MD/Ph.D. pathologist some questions about the virus. Coronavirus: April 15 day 2271 Americans will die from infection There are dire warnings the United States will face its worst death toll in the second week of April. New modelling predicts 2271 people will die from coronavirus on April 15 alone. The analysis was done by the University of Washington School of Medicine and predicted deaths per day will only drop to under 100 after June 9. “Our estimated trajectory of COVID-19 deaths assumes continued and uninterrupted vigilance by the general public, hospital and health workers, and government agencies,” Dr Christopher Murray said. “The trajectory of the pandemic will change – and dramatically for the worse – if people ease up on social distancing or relax with other precautions. We encourage everyone to adhere to those precautions to help save lives. The Path to Zero: Key Metrics For COVID Suppression – Pandemics Explained Harvard Global Health Institute, Harvard's Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics, Rockefeller Foundation, CovidActNow, Covid-Local, CIDRAP and many others join forces, launch new COVID Risk Level map and COVID suppression guidance for policy makers and the public Cambridge, July 1, 2020 -- Uncertainty is the currency of pandemics. As evidence on the new coronavirus, how it spreads and who falls ill from it emerges slowly, policy makers and the public have to base their decisions on the best information available. Experts help interpret the evidence, but they may differ on details that can be confusing for non-experts -- and filtering out what matters from a rising sea of misinformation has become a daunting task. Take Sambucol-Coronovirus Self-Assistance – Part 1 Published on March 21, 2020 Written by Geraint Hughes As a good starting point, I would suggest Sambucol. This alternative health food product has been around for decades and is available in extract, liquid, tab and pill forms and has been used as an old folk remedy in Europe and Africa going back centuries. It is an extract of Elderberry and its quite drinkable. Many studies have been conducted on it and found it to be beneficial against many different types of flu viruses, none have been conducted on Coronavirus of course, but seeing as Coronavirus is a flu type virus, it seems perfectly reasonable that a cheap, easily available product which assists against one type may also be of benefit against another type. EURO_COVID19_Dashboard - PUBLIC Figures, colors and icons in country and territory lists Case totals include both probable and confirmed cases reported to WHO. 14-day incidence values represent incidence (# new cases reported) per 100 000 population over the past 14 days. Percentages indicate change in 14-day cumulative incidence as compared to 14 days ago: Reported Transmission Status

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- Patrik Gajdošík: Learning Video Representations for Generating Description - Adam Kňaze: Text Generation with Neural Networks - Michal Maňak: Application of Neural Networks for Data Generation - Samuel Pecár: Automatic Text Summarization of Customer Reviews - Matúš Pikuliak: Cross-Lingual Learning - Adam Rafajdus: Generative Adversarial Networks - Andrej Švec: Modelling the appropriateness of text posts Learning Video Representations for Generating Descriptions Abstract: Eye-tracking is a great way to enhance the user experience. That can be either in the direct way, when using it as a new way for users to control applications, or in an indirect way, when eye-tracking is used by interface designers and application creators that use it for usability testing to increase the usability and efficiency of their applications. The problem with eye-tracking is that it requires specialized devices that capture the gaze but these devices are not easily accessible to ordinary users but are used in only specialized environments. However, web cameras are present in almost every mobile device. In our work, we propose a solution that utilizes the ordinary web-cams for eye-tracking. In order to achieve that we are using neural networks that are good with data containing noise or lacking quality. The architecture of the neural network that we designed is based on existing techniques and models used in the field of AI, namely the Inception modules used in convolutional neural networks. We train and evaluate our solution on one of the UX datasets created as a part of the projects done at ÚISI. Text Generation with Neural Networks bachelor study, supervised by Matúš Pikuliak Abstract: In my bachelor thesis I’m looking into ways to generate text with deep neural networks. To be more specific, I’m trying to create non-goal-driven conversational agent trained on corpus of data from microblogging service like Twitter. There are several reasons for development of such agent (apart from having to cope with very interesting and challenging problem). It may be used for tasks without directly measurable goal (such as language learning), for fun (as a character in computer game) or more meta stuff (like human simulator that trains other goal-driven system). The fastest-developing field in domain of natural language processing (with neural nets) is right now machine translation. I’m going to try utilize some of the current state-of-the-art approaches from machine translation in the task of response generation by conversational agent. Application of Neural Networks for Data Generation bachelor study, supervised by Jakub Ševcech Abstract: In this work, we address neural networks as a generative model. We analyze neural networks in general and focus on the use of neural networks to generate data similar to already existing data. Based on the analysis, we decided to generate handwritten digits using an autoencoder and a generative-adversarial network. The basis is to teach the autoencoder to display data from the MNIST dataset. Subsequently, we generate data that should represent data similar to those from the MNIST dataset, but in a reduced dimensionality. This data should be similar to data we get from the encoder part, which is the essence of this work. The decoder part will then be used to visually display digits from generated data. Automatic Text Summarization of Customer Reviews Abstract: In recent years there were a lot of advances in natural language processing. Some of them, especially base techniques of processing text are mostly solved like part-of-speech tagging or named entity recognition. On the other hand, there is also many tasks, that has a lot work to do like creating open dialog systems, paraphrase generation or text summarization. In last few years a new problems, connected to era of internet, were introduced like mining social media. With exponential growth of data and texts on internet tasks like text summarization become significantly more important. Task of text summarization is know for a very long period. In late 50s Luhn tried to automatically create abstract of documents. Over decades there have been many summarization systems dealing both with extractive and abstractive summarization. In recent years there have been significant progress in abstractive summarization of news articles. Interesting part of text summarization is summarization of opinion in comments or customer reviews. With increasing number of comments on social networks and reviews on services and product is still more difficult to get right opinion or choose product wisely. Summarization of customer reviews can help either customers to decide, which product buy, but also can help producers and owners of services to improve their services or product in future. Abstract: Deep learning is revolutionizing natural language processing for English or Chinese, but other less developed languages (such as Slovak) simply can not use these new exciting technologies simply because of the lack of data. Most of the world languages lack the necessary amount of supervised (and unsupervised) data to successfully train more advanced and complex neural network architectures. Cross-lingual learning is one solution for this problem, as it tries to transfer the knowledge learned from rich languages to others. This knowledge can be transferred on various levels (label-level, model-level, parameter-level) that differ in how hard the transfer is and what resources we need to do it. In my work I focus on creating a multilingual language independent representations for sentences or higher lexical units. Such representations encode the semantic information present in the text into short vector. This vector is in fact a projection of sentences into feature space shared across languages. Such representations can then be used to transfer knowledge that models in one language learned about this space to other languages. Generative Adversarial Networks master study, supervised by Mária Bieliková Abstract: Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are the new architecture of neural networks, in which two models are trained simultaneously and their adversarial relationship (playing min-max game against each other) helps producing better results on set tasks. Although this framework is still pretty new, it showed its potential on tasks like generating quality image or understanding features from images. Time series represents a series of data points in time order, which contains multi-level information about the domain. Weather data is perfect example of such data, containing multiple levels of data information. In this work, we will be utilizing GANs architecture to implement a method whose main purpose is to forecast weather. We will try to fully take advantage of all variations of this architecture, which could help the neural network to understand the problems of weather domain and thanks to that, generate forecasting from the past data. Modelling the appropriateness of text posts master study, supervised by Mária Bieliková Abstract: The volume of user generated content on the web grows every year. Web discussions are also affected by this trend, called the rise of Web 2.0. It is impossible to keep the discussions clean by using only human resources. That is why we want to create an automated solution to help the moderators. The goal of this thesis is to create a model that can detect potentially inappropriate text posts. The thesis mainly focuses on insulting and offensive posts. This is the reason for working primarily with artificial neural network models, because these models have proved the best performance in tasks similar to modelling the appropriateness of text posts, such as sentiment analysis. Detecting potentially inappropriate posts is still not enough sometimes. To help the moderators even more, we also want to generate a rationale for which the model thinks that a post is inappropriate. This way the moderator does not have to read the whole post when deciding whether it is really inappropriate. He just needs to read the provided rationale.

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The Posebni Junaki online store (hereinafter referred to as the Merchant) undertakes to protect the confidentiality of personal data and the privacy of users of the online store. He will use the collected personal data exclusively for the provision of the services he offers. The merchant respects the confidentiality of personal data and the privacy of users of the online store, and will do everything necessary to protect them from infringements and abuses. The personal data of users is one of the areas to which the Merchant pays extreme care and attention, as he is aware of the sensitive nature of this area. 2. 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All personal and other data that the user will provide when logging in to the online store, as well as when ordering the purchase of products, including the content of orders, will be protected in accordance with the regulations governing the protection of personal data. The merchant will not use this information for any purpose that would harm the user or any other person involved. The trader will not use user data to send promotional e-mail or other unsolicited promotional material, except for sending those promotional notices to which the user will subscribe or. with which he will agree. The trader may use the data in anonymous summary form for statistical analysis purposes. The confidentiality of personal and other user data will not be violated in any form. The Merchant will entrust the delivery service (eg Pošta Slovenije) with only the necessary data for the delivery of products purchased in the online store (data on the recipient and delivery address). The Merchant will contact the user via e-mail if this is necessary to make a purchase in the online store, and via the contact telephone number only if it is in the process of registration or. there were problems with the purchase in the online store. All full-time or part-time employees of the Merchant who have access to personal and other user data are aware of the duty to protect personal and other data and are obliged to comply with these provisions on protecting the confidentiality of personal data and privacy of online store users. The duty to protect personal and other data is valid indefinitely, even after the termination of the relationship with the Merchant. Registered users can stop using the online store at any time and can cancel their registration. They do this by notifying the Merchant in writing of the cancellation of the registration. Before submitting a statement on the cancellation of registration, the user must settle with the Merchant all outstanding liabilities arising from purchases made in the online store. The merchant will keep the confidentiality of personal information and privacy of online store users under this policy

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[Reseña de: Carl Schmitt, Teología Política, trad. de Francisco Javier Conde y Jorge Navarro Pérez, Madrid, Trotta, (1922) 2009.] Modernidad, secularización y el problema de la soberanía Miranda Martínez Bonfil Carl Schmitt, probablemente el más controversial de los juristas de la República de Weimar, publicó en 1922 Teología política. Cuatro capítulos sobre la teoría de la soberanía como un ataque frontal contra el normativismo liberal y la concepción parlamentarista de la política. Este breve texto se ha convertido en un referente para la filosofía política porque, por un lado, cuestiona la esencia misma de la soberanía, al interpretarla como un problema ligado a la decisión, mientras, por otro, muestra, mediante una sociología de los conceptos jurídicos, una relación de dependencia estructural entre las formas de concebir el poder político en occidente y los cimientos conceptuales establecidos por la teología. Si bien su crítica está dirigida específicamente al positivismo y normativismo de la doctrina alemana del Estado de derecho, su reflexión ha encontrado eco en la filosofía contemporánea –tanto de derecha como de izquierda– porque ha permitido explorar las fuentes y la naturaleza de la vida política y poner de manifiesto las contradicciones inherentes a la democracia liberal. Su apuesta está dirigida a crear una filosofía que se haga cargo de la vida concreta, es decir, a desarrollar un pensamiento que se enfrente a la realidad política en su complejidad y no se refugie en la normalidad para soslayar la necesidad de decidir sobre el estado de excepción. La primera versión del texto tiene como telón de fondo una Alemania amenazada por fuertes conflictos políticos y el resquebrajamiento de la constitución de Weimar. En este marco debe entenderse la crítica de Schmitt a la teoría jurídica liberal y a juristas como Krabbe y Kelsen que, en su empeño por ocultar bajo la fachada de la objetividad legal la arbitrariedad de la decisión soberana, crean un fundamento débil para el Estado1. El normativismo liberal, al afirmar que todo orden está fundamentado en la ley y en las garantías constitucionales, relega el papel del Estado a un segundo plano al considerarlo solamente como el guardián del orden jurídico. En consecuencia, este planteamiento elimina la posibilidad de pensar el problema de la soberanía y la experiencia política, a la que le son inherentes momentos de normalidad y momentos de excepción. Mientras que el constitucionalismo sostiene que el orden depende de autoridades impersonales que vigilan la aplicación pura de la ley –intentando con ello evitar que el pueblo esté sujeto a la autoridad arbitraria de un individuo–, la propuesta schmittiana muestra que todo orden legal está basado en la decisión soberana de una entidad concreta y no puede entenderse simplemente como producto de una norma. Esta postura responde a la idea de que el derecho no puede realizarse a sí mismo, sino que requiere de un elemento subjetivo que permita a la ley adaptarse a cada circunstancia. Más aún, la aplicación de la norma presupone la existencia de un estado de normalidad homogénea y el soberano es el único con la capacidad de determinar si una circunstancia particular es de normalidad o si debe declararse un estado de emergencia que suspenda las garantías constitucionales para salvaguardar el orden político. De esta manera, Schmitt hace un llamado a ocuparse del derecho en su aplicación concreta, ya no como como formulación abstracta sino en su aparición específica en la vida política. Con la máxima “Souverän ist, wer über den Ausnahmezustand entscheidet” (“Soberano es el que decide sobre el estado de excepción”)2, Schmitt plantea que la soberanía no debe entenderse como monopolio del mando, como tradicionalmente se ha hecho, sino como monopolio de la decisión, en tanto sólo muestra su verdadero carácter cuando se le observa desde la perspectiva de la situación límite. Lo anterior implica que el derecho se funda en una decisión arbitraria que descansa únicamente en la autoridad del soberano y no responde a ningún criterio constitucional: “normativamente considerada la decisión surge de la nada”3. Así, Schmitt se posiciona como un seguidor radical de Hobbes, pues reconoce que es la autoridad y no la verdad la que hace la ley (Auctoritas non veritas facit legem). Mientras el marco conceptual del racionalismo considera que sólo la normalidad es de interés científico, la propuesta schmittiana recupera al pensamiento católico decimonónico conservador de autores como De Maistre, Bonald y Donoso Cortés para sostener que el estado de emergencia (Ausnahenzustand, Ausnahmefall, Notstand, Notfall)4 que suprime los arreglos constitucionales es el único principio de interés para entender la formación del orden político. Una versión ligeramente revisada del texto se publicó en 1934, una vez que la desintegración de la República de Weimar había concluido y Hitler había logrado eliminar a todos sus oponentes5. Para este momento, Schmitt había pasado de ser únicamente un jurista católico conservador para volverse –el mismo mes que Heidegger– miembro del partido nacionalsocialista, con el que sostuvo una relación que sigue siendo objeto de debate y que lo volvería una figura polémica durante la posguerra y a lo largo de la Guerra Fría6. Esta decisión tuvo enormes consecuencias para la recepción del texto que aquí nos interesa, pues fue leído por sus contemporáneos como una legitimación teórica de las acciones del Führer. El segundo problema tratado en este texto, a saber, el de la correspondencia entre los conceptos centrales de la moderna teoría del estado y los conceptos teológicos, se desarrolla en el tercer apartado, del cual toma título el texto en su conjunto. Aquí, Schmitt pretende mostrar que lo político está estructurado análogamente a lo teológico y, de esta manera, derribar la idea tradicional del proceso de secularización como un abandono de la determinación religiosa de la vida pública. Lo que quiere señalar es que el mundo político, incluso habiendo sido despojado de lo divino, mantuvo el marco conceptual derivado de la estructura teológica. Así, en la moderna teoría del Estado, el lugar del Dios omnipotente habría sido ocupado por el legislador todopoderoso, y la doble estructura de la teología (escritura revelada-teología natural) sería reproducida por el binomio secular Constitución-jurisprudencia. Su propuesta tiene una cierta carga de ambigüedad, pues la explicación de esta analogía se juega en dos sentidos: por un lado, como el resultado de un proceso de derivación histórico y, por otro –y esta interpretación es mucho más radical–, como una necesidad estructural irrenunciable7. Este apartado está dedicado a rastrear la fundación de la teoría legal moderna y su desarrollo entre los siglos XVII y XIX, enfrentándose con ello a la interpretación de la teoría moderna del Estado como un proceso de exclusión de la religión, y mostrando las líneas de continuidad entre el pasado cristiano y el presente secular. Schmitt afirma que las formas de concebir la política son en realidad derivaciones de un núcleo metafísico, es decir, que la teología católica está a la base de la argumentación jurídico-política contemporánea. Por ello, el reino de lo teológico y el de lo político se estructuran de manera análoga y el problema de la decisión soberana es equiparable al del milagro en la teología. El estado de derecho, al identificar Estado y orden jurídico, sería entonces análogo al deísmo que concibió a Dios como una entidad puramente normativa y eliminó su capacidad de intervención en el mundo. El liberalismo alienta una metafísica de la inmanencia que, al igual que el pensamiento científico naturalista, quiere eliminar lo excepcional del dominio del espíritu humano, produciendo un Estado débil que es incapaz de establecer la distinción amigo-enemigo8. Con este procedimiento comparativo, Schmitt quiere mostrar que la política y la religión comparten un mismo ritmo, un movimiento entre lo ordinario y lo extraordinario (entre norma y excepción), y que la negación burguesa de la decisión lleva a un estado de indeterminación que se niega a mirar el caso excepcional y se refugia en la comodidad de la regularidad normativa. Gracias a lo anterior es que se consolida en el siglo XX el término teología política como forma de reflexión que cuestiona la idea de la separación radical entre lo secular y lo teológico. Schmitt reintrodujo la sospecha de que ciertos aspectos centrales del mundo moderno guardan en realidad una relación de inesperada cercanía con lo teológico y denunció que el proceso tradicionalmente entendido como salida de la religión no hacía sino ocultar una afinidad profunda entre los dos reinos. Este trabajo abrió un campo de investigación que sirvió como punto de partida para reflexiones muy diversas. Llevó a la teología protestante a buscar la dimensión política de la fe, a la sociología americana a investigar las religiones civiles y a la historiografía a realizar una revisión sobre las diferentes dinámicas de alianza entre poder político y religioso9. Lo que su lectura revela, aún el día de hoy, es que para entender el complejo proceso de secularización que asociamos a la modernidad es fundamental prestar atención a las intrincadas líneas de comunicación entre la tradición teológica y la secular. Balakrishnan, Gopal, The Enemy. An Intellectual Portrait of Carl Schmitt, Londres, Verso, 2000. Bendersky, Joseph W., Carl Schmitt. Theorist for the Reich, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1983. Brunner, Otto, Werner Conze, et. al., Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe: Historisches Lexicon zur politisch-sozialen Sprache in Deutschland, Stuttgart, Klett-Cotta Verlag, 1997. Carl Schmitt, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2014. En https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/schmitt/. Consultado el 10/03/19. Kelsen, Hans Das Problem der Souveränität und die Theorie des Völkerrechts. Beitrag zu einer Reinen Rechtslehre, Tubinga, J. C. B. Mohr, 1920. Mehring, Reinhard, Carl Schmitt: Aufstieg und Fall. Eine Biographie, München, C.H. Beck, 2009. Schmitt, Carl, Politische Theologie. Vier Kapitel zur Lehre von der Souveränität, Berlin, Duncker & Humblot, 2015. Schmitt, Carl, Political Theology. Four Chapters on the Concept of Sovereignty, trad. De George Schwab, Chicago, The University of Chicago Press, 2005. Schmitt, Carl, Teología Política, trad. de Francisco Javier Conde y Jorge Navarro Pérez, Madrid, Trotta, 2009. ↑1 | Kelsen, una de las figuras más importantes en la jurisprudencia europea y miembro de la Corte Constitucional Austriaca, había publicado el año anterior Das Problem der Souveränität und die Theorie des Völkerrechts, en donde defendía la posibilidad de una ley pura que, depurada de todo elemento subjetivo, fuese susceptible de aplicación universal. La crítica de Schmitt surge en debate explícito con este texto. Vid., Carl Schmitt, Teología Política, Madrid, Trotta, 2009, p. 23. | ↑2 | La frase en el idioma original implica una cierta ambigüedad, pues la preposición über ofrece un doble sentido a la oración. Por un lado, da a entender que el soberano es aquel que decide si el estado es de excepción o no y, por otro, que el soberano es el que decide en el caso de excepción, es decir, es quien que toma las decisiones una vez que éste se ha decretado. George Schwab analiza este problema en la traducción del texto al inglés de 1985. Cfr., George Schwab, “Introduction”, en Carl Schmitt, Political Theology. Four Chapters on the Concept of Sovereignty, Chicago, The University of Chicago Press, 2005. | ↑3 | Schmitt, op. cit., p.32. | ↑4 | Para un análisis de los significados específicos de cada una de estas nociones utilizadas por Schmitt, véase: Hans Boldt, “Ausnahmezustand, necessitas publica, Belagerungszustand, Kriegszustand, Staatsnotstand, Staatsnotrecht,” en Otto Brunner, Werner Conze, et. al., Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe: Historisches Lexicon zur politisch-sozialen Sprache in Deutschland, t.1, Stuttgart, Klett-Cotta Verlag, 1997, pp. 343-376. | ↑5 | Esto produjo cambios menores en el texto, por ejemplo, la omisión de algunos pasajes donde se hablaba favorablemente del legislador judío Erich Kaufmann. | ↑6 | La entrada de Schmitt al nacionalsocialismo es un tema que permanece problemático hasta la actualidad. Las razones de su alianza continúan siendo un tema muy discutido y, mientras algunos consideran que el régimen nazi era la encarnación de sus planteamientos teóricos antiliberales y antisemitas (Dyzenhaus, Scheuerman), otros creen que su ambición personal fue lo que lo empujó a adaptarse al nuevo status quo, a pesar de que no hubiera afinidad ideológica (Bendersky, Schwab). Vid., Carl Schmitt, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2014. En https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/schmitt/. Consultado 10/03/19. Para una aproximación a la biografía y pensamiento del jurista, véase:J. W. Bendersky, Carl Schmitt. Theorist for the Reich, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1983; R. Mehring, Carl Schmitt: Aufstieg und Fall. Eine Biographie, München, C. H. Beck, 2009; G. Balakrishnan, The Enemy. An Intellectual Portrait of Carl Schmitt, Londres, Verso, 2000. | ↑7 | Aunque en el momento de su primera publicación se ahondó poco en este problema, fue precisamente esta doble lectura la que se volvería central para la recepción del texto de Schmitt y generaría un enorme debate en el pensamiento filosófico alemán. Para la publicación de Politische Theologie II, muchos años después, esta ambigüedad sería eliminada y Schmitt optaría por la tesis en sentido débil, dejando fuera el componente estructural de la argumentación. | ↑8 | Schmitt, op. cit., p. 41. | ↑9 | Vid., Jan-Werner Müller, A Dangerous Mind. Carl Schmitt in Post-War European Thought, New Haven- Londres, Yale University Press, 2003. |

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A favorite haunt of students during off hours is the spacious and well-designed canteen with a suitable aesthetic touch. The canteen has a modern kitchen with the latest appliances to provide for Indian and Chinese cuisine. The interior is tastefully crafted to provide the much needed relief and soothing environment. Features of Canteen Adequate & Well-furnished Canteen with proper Ventilation 25 Nos. Square Table with 100 seating capacity Chillers& Freezer Facilities RO, UV Water Purifier with Water Cooler Fully Wi-Fi Connected Laptop & Mobile Charging Point Types of Food All types of Snacks (Maharashtrian, South Indian, Panjabi, and Chinese) Timing of Canteen 07:00 AM to 08:00 PM.

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Krishen Sud is the Managing Member of Sivik and the Portfolio Manager of the Sivik Global Healthcare Funds and its predecessor funds Argus Healthcare Funds since their inception in 2001. Prior to forming Sivik, Krishen was the Portfolio Manager of the Galleon Healthcare Funds where he built and managed the firm’s healthcare funds to $1.5 billion in assets from the firm’s inception in 1997 to his departure in 2001. From 1990 to 1996, Krishen worked at Needham & Company, an investment bank focused on the technology and healthcare industries. At Needham & Company, he was a Managing Director and Head of Healthcare Research. Krishen managed a 10-person research and banking team, provided equity research for healthcare service companies, and managed the healthcare investments of the Needham Emerging Growth Fund which had total assets of approximately $250 million. Prior to joining Needham, Krishen was a Vice President in Investment Banking at Smith Barney. Krishen is a graduate of Sydenham College, University of Bombay, and received an M.B.A. in finance from The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania in May 1983 where he was on the Director’s Honor List (top 3% of all students).

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Стратегии открытых инвестиционных фондов Прежде чем выбрать подходящий для ваших инвестиций фонд, необходимо хорошо ознакомиться как с инвестиционными целями, изложенными в его проспекте, так и с видом ценных бумаг, входящих в состав его портфеля. Рекомендуется вкладывать средства в фонд, цели которого совпадают с вашими воззрениями. Классификация открытых инвестиционных фондов осуществляется по двум основным признакам: TESTINGTESTING инвестиционные цели фонда; тип ценных бумаг, входящих в его портфель. В зависимости от инвестиционных целей различают четыре основных вида инвестиционных фондов: фонды с целью увеличения капитала (Growth Funds); фонды с целью роста дохода (Income Funds); фонды с целью роста капитала и дохода (Growth and Income Funds); фонды с целью балансирования инвестиций (3alanced Funds). Фонды с целью увеличения капитала (Growth Funds. Фонды этой группы сосредоточены на ценных бумагах, от которых ожидается увеличение стоимости в долгосрочной перспективе. Подходящими для этой цели инструментами считаются обыкновенные акции компаний, которые воздерживаются от выплаты дивидендов, поскольку реинвестируют прибыль в расширение бизнеса. Стабилизация производства компании и улучшение ее финансовых результатов делает ее акции привлекательными для инвесторов, а рост спроса приводит к увеличению стоимости акций. Это, со своей стороны, благоприятно отражается на чистой стоимости фонда, держащего в своем портфеле такие акции. Выбор акций этого типа, однако, несет и большой риск, который будет оправдан, только если компания достигнет обещанных финансовых результатов. (Income Funds) Фонды с целью роста дохода. Они преследуют периодическое получение дохода в виде дивидендов по акциям и процентам по облигациям, составляющим портфель фонда. Подбираются ценные бумаги компаний, которые выплачивают высокие дивиденды и проценты. Инвестор пользуется, прежде всего, доходом, полученным в результате распределения дивидендов и процентов, и в значительно меньшей степени - от роста стоимости акций из портфеля фонда. Фонды с целью роста капитала и дохода (Growth and Income Funds). Стратегия фонда направлена на одновременный рост стоимости акций и регулярное получение дивидендов. В портфеле фондов этой группы преобладают обыкновенные акции. Инвестор имеет возможность пользоваться как ростом стоимости акций, так и распределением дивидендов. Сбалансированные фонды (фонды с целью балансирования инвестиций Balanced Funds). У них целью является предохранение инвестированного капитала компромиссной ценой - умеренным доходом от дивидендов и небольшим ростом стоимости акций портфеля. Выбор ценных бумаг сообразен циклическим особенностям экономического развития. В периоды подъема предпочтительнее акции с высокими дивидендами, а во время спада покупаются облигации в качестве средства защиты от снижения курса акций. Фонды этой категории подходят инвесторам, которые ориентируются на безопасность инвестиций в ущерб размеру возвращаемости. Они предпочитают маленький риск возможности большего дохода при повышенном уровне риска. Виды открытых фондов в зависимости от типа ценных бумаг, включенных в их портфель. Ранее были рассмотрены открытые фонды, дифференцированные в зависимости от поставленных перед ними целей. После определения цели, фонды осуществляют подбор и покупку ценных бумаг для своего портфеля. В зависимости от типа и соотношения ценных бумаг, включенных в портфель, открытые фонды делятся на: фонды обыкновенных акций (Common Stock Funds); фонды привилегированных акций и облигаций (Preferred Stocks Bonds Funds); балансированные фонды (Balanced Funds); доходные (доходоносные) фонды (Income Funds); фонды ценных бумаг денежного рынка (Money Market Funds); фонды муниципальных облигаций (Municipal Bond Funds).

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Last week was too good to be true. These next few days(my "weekend") will be the warmest of the year. High temps will be in the lower 90's and factor in the humidity, it will feel more like 100 in the afternoon. I guess I will be trying to come up with good ideas on how to beat the heat.... mopeding in heat like that may still be fun, but also uncomfortable. Then again, anything outside without water involved will be uncomfortable. Stay cool, drink plenty of water, and make some sun tea. Have a good one! Andrew Buck Michael

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“Who would like to share a word of testimony this evening?” Testimony time in a fundamentalist church is an experience unlike anything one could hope to find in the outside world. It’s equal parts performance art, spiritual posturing, and the kind of long winded delivery that you might expect after mistakenly asking your hypochondriac great-aunt how she’s feeling today. It is, in short, a wonderful and awful spectacle to behold. Testimony time has many functions. For example, it’s one of a few times when women and divorced folks get to be heard in the church without being accused of preaching. “I’d just like to thank God for the lesson he taught me this week which I’d like to share with all of you. Let me read you a few verses and then after I tell my story I’ll share a poem that I wrote…” The Biographical testimony is also a popular one usually involving a description of the horrific sin that the teller was involved in “years ago.” The main point to note here is that while some sins are acceptable to talk about in fundy churches (“I used to be such a drunk…”) some are simply not (“I used to be so gay..”). Another variation of the testimony is the “Bragamony” which is used for establishing the church pecking order by allowing contenders to matching stories of spiritual prowess. In this struggle for dominance, the timing of the testimony is vital. It’s important not to go first lest your story be outmatched by those following and quickly forgotten. Fall into that trap and you may have to postpone until mid-week service with a considerably smaller audience and must less impact. “If no one else has a testimony to share let’s turn in our hymnbooks…” Thanks to Mel, Jennifer, and many others who suggested this topic.

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Welkom bij weer een nieuwe, spannende en vrolijke Confetti Soap vol katjes en plezier. Vorige week ging het even helemaal niet zo goed, maar gelukkig knapte ik weer op van gouden printers, yoga lesjes en Lush pakketjes… Maandag was niet zo heel spannend. Een nieuwe weekplanning, spelen met puntenslijpers en pins op mijn bureau (ik ben snel afgeleid) en heerlijke verse kopjes munt thee. Een hele bos koste maar vijftig cent bij Lidl. Perfecto. En Tom serveerde het op een schoteltje met een koekje zodat het net leek alsof ik in een cafeetje zat. Merci bien mon amour. Dinsdag, oei, dinsdag. Dinsdag gierden de ongelukkige hormonen door mijn lichaam (een meisje zijn is leuk, maar soms ook helemaal NIET) en was álles een enorme opgave. Alles was ook heel erg stom (de gillende buurkinderen waren extra stom) en ik heb me echt door de dag moeten slepen. Mijn dru yoga les ’s avonds was het enige wat me weer ietsje beter liet voelen. Echt, praise the Dalai Lama voor yoga. Woensdag ging het alweer een stukje beter en was alles weer wat minder stom. Vooral mijn net bezorgde goudkleurige printer (hell to the yes) was niet stom. Geweldig is ie zelfs. Hij is dus goudkleurig, print scherp en in mooie kleurtjes én hij kan het aan als ik er papiertjes met post-its doorheen haal. Ik hou van hem. ’s Avonds kookte ik met alles wat er nog in de koelkast lag en deed ik een poging om feta/spinazie kroketjes te maken. De vulling was prima, maar het ‘deeg’ van platgerolde boterhammen was een minder succes. Eh, nailed it? Uiteindelijk besloot ik met de vulling een tosti te maken en die was verbazend lekker. Komt door alle Masterchef Australia die ik kijk, ga ik van improviseren. Donderdag begon (net als de meeste dagen) met yoga with Adrienne. Tom doet gezellig mee en samen rekken en strekken we wat af. Ik kan niet meer zonder. Doei stress. ’s Middags wandelde ik in de zon met een nieuw luisterboek op mijn hoofd (The Happiness Project) en die inspireerde me om eens te beginnen met stappen tellen. Ik ben geen groot fan van sporten, maar een beetje lopen vind ik best ok. Zolang je er maar niet te hard van gaat zweten en je niet hoeft om te kleden, vind ik het prima. Blijkbaar is 10.000 stappen op één dag the magic number en met een app op mijn telefoon heb ik dat proberen bij te houden. Ik liep rondjes om onze salontafel tijdens het tv kijken, liep naar de stad in plaats van fietsen (hallo unicorn pinata bij Sostrene Grene) en sleepte Tom mee naar Ikea voor een frozen yoghurt (en heel veel stapjes). Dag 1 heb ik dik gehaald, nou de rest van het jaar nog… Op vrijdag werkte ik heel relaxt en ronde veel onafgemaakte dingen af (altijd fijn). Mijn zonnige humeur was weer helemaal terug (doei dinsdag dip) en aan het einde van de dag vierde ik het weekend met twee vrienden en Tom bij de Groene Weyde. Biertje, lekker eten, zonder jas buiten lopen, zo fijn. ’s Avonds keken we met ons kijkgroepje weer twee afleveringen van Game of Thrones (we lopen een beetje achter dus geen spoilers please) en liepen we naar huis (met als eindresultaat: dik 14000 stappen, oeps). Ik had de hele week al zin in zaterdag. Computer uit en opruimen! Mijn feestkantoor is al een tijdje een dikke bende met dozen en kasten die nog in elkaar moesten worden gezet. De foto hierboven is vóór, binnenkort misschien wel de ná foto’s… Moet nog wel wat gebeuren hoor. Tussendoor bracht de postbode mijn Lush bestelling langs! Ik gebruik de Rub Rub Rub scrub als shampoo (staat erop dat je het als shampoo kan gebruiken, voor als je dacht dat ik gek geworden was) en ik bestelde een MEGA pot. Verder een nieuwe douchegel, een butterball bath bomb, een robot bath bomb die naar lavendel ruikt en een homp Honey I washed the kids zeep. Die stond al zolang op mijn verlanglijst. Ik kreeg er ook nog een heel schattig sample zeepje bij. Zondag begon lekker vroeg mét yoga. We hadden een ‘block’ nodig om op te zitten, maar die hebben we niet, dus dan maar een pan? Werkte net zo goed, hihi. Daarna wandelde ik naar Pernikkel (om stapjes te scoren en om van de mooie straten van Groningen te genieten) voor een ontbijtje met vrienden en Tom (hij kwam op de fiets). Ik liep ’t hele eind weer terug en lag de rest van de middag helaas met kramp in mijn buik op de bank. Niet van de pancakes hoor, maar door lady problems, if you know what I mean. Dat was wel een tegenvaller, want ik had nog twee kasten om in elkaar te zetten in mijn kantoor en ik was van plan nog veel meer op te ruimen. Maar als het niet gaat, dan gaat het niet. Respect yo body! Vind je het leuk om te zien wat ik de hele week uitspook? Volg Team Confetti dan op instagram.

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Do you want to get a wife for yourself? Would you like brazilian women to find the ideal one for everyone? Are you having problems finding the right girl? If your response to all these concerns is certainly, then follow this advice that might help you in your quest: – For some guys, a foreign star of the wedding is perceived as exotic and interesting. Various other men merely find overseas women more charming and enticing than domestic kinds from their have country. At any rate, the common answer is that international brides are very expensive. Now, the other question you need to ask yourself is why do you need to pay attention to the cost? In actual fact, it’s information about the money. But , that doesn’t suggest that there are no other things to become considered when you need to find the best country to marry. For example , if you want to marry a girl who is actually from the finest country on the globe, but if you can’t afford to relocate to that country, then simply the smartest thing to do is always to date a woman who is already there. As well as the best region in the world is definitely Singapore. Essential you should search for your partner online and not really in some different country wherever she will not be as economically strong because you. — You may also consider looking for a wife who has the same hobbies as you may. For example , if you are a passionate one who loves history, you may want to find a better half with a track record in the same field. This is actually a warning sign, though, since it will inform the other person that an individual necessarily benefit the additional person’s hobbies, but just yours. – Some other warning sign is if your partner is a hot-tempered person. You will find countries wherever women are hot-tempered and considered to be more independent than their husbands. When they get married, they quickly set out to rule the house and ensure that their husband practices their lead. This can result in some critical problems down the road, so you need to take note on this. If your wife is a domineering personality who also thinks she’s better than you in all sorts of things, then the woman may not be the suitable person for everyone. – Another important thing to consider is marriage culture. What is the actual traditions of the individuals that you are considering getting married to? The reason why you need to understand this is because marital relationship culture is important when it comes to locating a wife. To tell the truth that marriage customs is usually proven among the folks that were inside your position in every area of your life when you get married to. Therefore , if you realise a better half who hails from a different country and has never experienced marital life tradition, then that is certainly definitely not a fantastic sign. – A single last thing that you ought to be aware of is actually or not there is a special someone that lives near you. Regardless of whether or not the both of you live close together. You should still consider the location of the those who you are planning on getting married to. If there is a lady who lives too far away from you that you just would be not able to satisfy her frequently, then it could be a good idea to prevent taking her on like a spouse. It usually is a huge risk having a better half who is far away from you, however, you do not need to place your life in danger to find a wife. Total, if you want to work with an online online dating service to find a wife, you should always remember that it can be not the end of the world. It is still an extremely valid consumption of the assistance and you should certainly not be humiliated for utilizing it. There are many good marriages that contain happened through online dating services. In the event you know what you are carrying out, then it can be more than likely that you will be capable of finding the right partner for yourself. Make absolutely certain that you take a moment out to make certain that the relationship with this woman is a good a person before you get wedded.

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Sharp Shooter is an online shooting game that we hand picked for ThkGames.com. This is one of our favorite mobile shooting games that we have to play. Simply click the big play button to start having fun. Yes, of course. All our games can be played on your computer and mobile devices like phones and tablets. Yes, you can play all games on ThkGames.Com online for free! Just open the page in a Web browser (desktop, mobile or pad) and enjoy yourself.Game to your heart's content on Any Browser, Anytime, Anywhere. No Download or Installation Required. Are you missing your favorite game on ThkGames.com? Contact us and we will do our best to bring it to you! We're also open to any feedback or suggestions you may have for us. Are you a passionate gamer? Or in search of a fun and exciting way to kill the boredom? Or maybe you need to take a break from the heaviness of the world? Nevertheless, at Play Games, we are 100% sure we have what you need. Browse through our huge collection of free online games and we promise you will find the right one for you. Welcome to our infinite digital playground! ThkGames is a plug-and-play gaming platform that any app or website can integrate to bring casual gaming for its users.

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On Sunday morning the team arrived at Lochcarron for the months team training to be lead by team member Martin Moran. Martin took us to a local crag that he uses to teach various techniques in climbing to his clients as a Mountain Guide. On the day he was teaching us to aid climb using an etrier (French word for a climbing sling tied in loops to create steps). Martin also taught us to do some dry tool climbing. This is a method of climbing using a pair of ice axes to climb a rock face instead of using your hands and fingers. We also had 6 new people come along and join the team for training and they were introduced to climbing/abseiling and lowering. It was a fantastic days training and a fabulous place to practice these skills. On behalf of the Team, Thank you Martin for you time and patience.

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By John McClaughry If there’s anything that is dear to the modern liberal, it’s the principle of progressive taxation – increasingly high tax rates on people as they rise up the income scale. We’ve always done that with the income tax. In Vermont, we do it with the income sensitivity option to pay school property taxes and the circuit breaker for town property taxes. Bernie Sanders has always wanted to levy the Medicare payroll tax on all income, instead of cutting the tax base off around the $128,000 level. So, one would expect liberals to say, why don’t we require health insurance companies to charge premiums based on family income? People making $250,000 a year would pay maybe three times as much as a twenty something making $40,000 a year, for the same health care coverage? But they don’t, and I figured out why. The first reason is that liberals haven’t really thought of it. But more importantly, some perceptive liberals must have figured out that since income rises with age, and older people have more need for health insurance, they would face very high premiums based on their incomes. And they vote, so progressively higher premiums will be politically unpopular. The far better liberal idea is to throw old and young voters into the same rating pool, where the wealth transfer from low to high income doesn’t require any declaration of income. That’s called community rating, or Robin Hood in Reverse. John McClaughry is vice president of the Ethan Allen Institute.

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All winter long, in the most horrendous of cold and windy and damp weather, I could count on one thing. I knew that the older guy in the black running suit with the white baseball cap would always be out battling the elements too. We always waved and smiled, going in opposite directions. I felt a silent camaraderie with him - knowing that he was so passionate about his running that it didn't keep him from looping the park in a pleasant jog when the wind chill was in the teens. And then, a couple of weeks ago, it seemed we were going the same direction. I saw him up ahead, and thought that perhaps rather than passing I'd slow to his pace and introduce myself. I'm not one to do this - it takes me a long while to warm up to someone - but it seemed almost as though we knew each other, as we had both been in the trenches of some nasty weather running over the previous months. He appeared well into his retirement years, and I admired his fortitude. And so, instead of passing, I jogged alongside and we started talking. He was really quite friendly. He, too, had been happy to see I was the other runner out, the one pushing through the bad conditions. A misery loves company sort of ideal. And, on this day, it was a beautiful and sunny 60* and we had the most fun chatting. It turned out that we had a lot in common. Before his retirement years, he was a social worker, and had his masters in the subject and spent his career at the V.A. hospital helping others. We talked about the rewards and frustrations of such a job. We talked about how the zen of running over the years helps you learn to cope with the stresses. I learned that he qualified for Boston in his youth and ran it successfully. He's been running such a long time that he is now in a place where he's happy to just run for enjoyment, and doesn't worry so much about speed or racing anymore. And then somehow our topic turned to fossils and arrowheads and he began talking about finding fossils in a creek bed in Texas, when he was stationed in Ft. Hood during a stint with the military. And I mentioned in passing that I had gone to college in Texas. He asked where and I told him Baylor. And do you know what? He went to Baylor too! In all my years in Roanoke, I have not met another Baylor alum. I've seen his car a couple of times (he has a Baylor sticker) - and always wondered. We were delighted - I think both of us had to restrain from yelling Sic 'Em Bears right there. We talked about some of the sociology classes there (I took a few, mixed in with my psychology background). He attended before my time, but was part of the yell leaders for the football team, and played some basketball too. We talked about how bad their football team used to be. And - just like that - I knew I had a new running friend, when I least expected it. Serendipity.

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Dr. Viswanathan is a Scientist at the Osteoarthritis Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute and the Krembil Research Institute (University Health Network) and an Associate Professor at the Institute of Biomedical Engineering and at the Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine (University of Toronto). Dr. Viswanathan’s research is focused on using anti-inflammatory approaches to target osteoarthritis (OA), including i) using proprietary enhanced mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to modulate inflammatory responses and ii) reprograming monocytes/macrophages to more inflammation resolving subtypes using small molecules and gene edited iPSCs. Dr. Viswanathan’s lab is translation of cellular and immunotherapies into clinical investigations. Dr. Viswanathan is a co-Principal Investigator of a recently completed trial using autologous MSCs to treat OA patients, a North American first. Dr. Viswanathan’s publication was cited as the most downloaded paper in Stem Cells Translational Medicine in 2019, and also garnered The Arthritis Society’s Top 10 Research Advances in 2019. Dr. Viswanathan is also investigating the role of synovium and monocytes/macropahges in osteoarthritis pathogenesis, with the intention of developing a macrophage-based adoptive transfer immunotherapy. Dr. Viswanathan is the recipient of the Biologics Association’s Summit Research Award (2021) for research in this area. An in vitro model developed in the lab demonstrates the role of synovium on cartilage degradation and was cited as one of the Top 10 Research Advances of The Arthritis Society in 2021. Dr. Viswanathan is leading international efforts to standardize MSC nomenclature and create reference materials for MSC research. Dr. Viswanathan sits on the Standard Council of Canada’s Mirror Committee for International Organization for Standardization (ISO TC276) on Analytical Methods and Bioprocessing, and is on the steering and working committee of an international Standards Coordinating Body (SCB). Dr. Viswanathan is a formal liaison between ISO TC276 and the International Society of Cell and Gene Therapy (ISCT). Dr. Viswanathan is Associate Editor of Cytotherapy, the official journal for ISCT. As a translational scientist, Dr. Viswanathan serves as a national regulatory and cell manufacturing consultant for projects across Canada. At the Cell Therapy Program at the University Health Network, Dr. Viswanathan has overseen clinical translation of over 13 cell-based therapies into Health Canada approved clinical investigations; these include immunotherapies, therapies for lysosomal storage disorders and acute kidney failure. Dr. Viswanathan chaired the Cell Therapy Stakeholder Group, a bilateral group that engages Health Canada on cell therapy related policy issues from 2015-2021.

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It's Susan's 100th Tablescape Thursday at Between Naps on the Porch! So, I created a French Provençal table in honor of Susan. Thank you Susan for hosting Tablescape Thursday every week. I look forward to participating and also it's fun seeing what others are creating. We visited France for the first time back in 1993. Ever since, I've been in love with anything French! Especially anything Provençal like this tablecloth I found in France on my last trip. I'm afraid to use it, but brought it out today for Tablescape Thursday! The dishes were purchased in France on our first trip. Made by Genevieve Lethu, the plates are the "Manon" pattern. Unfortunately, they are no longer being made. The bowls are also made by Genevieve Lethu in the "Grain de Riz" pattern. I also have the teapot, creamer and sugar in this pattern. I brought the tray back in my suitcase! I hope you have enjoyed my French inspired tablescape honoring Susan at Between Naps on the Porch. Now head on over there and help her celebrate her 100th Tablescape Thursday. Be sure to check out all the other participant's tables too. Plates: Genevieve Lethu, "Manon" Bowls: Genevieve Lethu, "Grain de Riz" Flatware: vintage silverplate Tablecloth and tray: purchased in Provence Confit pot: reproduction, Pottery Barn Wooden candlesticks: Candelier Flowers: from my garden! On Friday, I'll be joining Cindy at A Romantic Home for Show and Tell Friday. Then on Saturday, I'll join Laurie at Bargain Hunting With Laurie for Favorite Things Saturday. Thanks Cindy and Laurie for hosting. I'm joining The Tablescaper on Sunday for Summer Sundays. It's all about what summer means to us. Be sure to check it out!

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Welcome To Vis Mundi Vis Mundi is an investment company, focusing on Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) and Consumer Healthcare in high growth geographies, with presence in Cairo, Lagos, Istanbul, Moscow and Dubai via its wholly owned subsidiary Vis Mundi Advisors DMCC, a company regulated by the Dubai Multi Commodities Centre Authority and licensed to provide management consultancies and management services. Deliver superior risk-adjusted returns by building a portfolio of unique investment opportunities in privately-held companies focusing on the FMCG & Consumer Healthcare sectors in high growth geographies (predominantly Africa and other selected emerging markets). Combining a complimentary mix of commercial, operational and financial expertise with paramount ethical standards, high resilience and unquestionable commitment to deliver. True and dedicated partnership model with the management teams of our portfolio companies, providing substantial added value in:

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Now that the content marketing movement is in full force, many companies still aren’t quite sure what to write about or how to spark new ideas. There are a lot of great sources, but let’s start with the most obvious: your customers. What questions are being asked when they send an email, talk to a sales/customer service rep or interact with your social accounts? Make a list. If your target audience has shown interest in a topic, chances are, a fuller piece like a blog post, article or FAQ will be a welcome addition. Plus, this customer feedback is often a catalyst for content that can address other business challenges and successes. Here’s the thing: a main goal of content is to educate and inform. What better way to hit the mark than to cover the things your customers are already asking about?

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If you like being in the great outdoors and enjoy hunting, camping or exploring like the rest of us then check out our large selection of Hunting gear and storage equipment. UTV Direct has Gun Holders, Racks, Bow Cases, Cargo Boxes, Door Bags and more from Great Day Inc, Classic Accessories, Seizmik, Super ATV & more. Get your Polaris Ranger, RZR, Honda Pioneer, John Deere Gator, Can-Am Defender or Maverick, Yamaha Wolverine, Yamaha Viking, Kawasaki Teryx or Mule Pro ready for your next big trip at utvdirect.com All the hunting accessories you could want or need are on our website. Be it mounts, gun racks, winches, gun boots or even a bow case, you will be more than happy with the quality and savings at UTV Direct.

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Searching far and wide for stand-out bridesmaid dresses? Your search ends here. No matter what wedding theme you're going for, we've got the ultimate collection of trend-worthy bridal party dresses. Your bride squad will look and feel amazing (and so they should!). Spring or summer wedding on the cards? Floral and pastel bridesmaid dresses always look chic in the warmer seasons. Planning on a bright aesthetic? We're loving hot pink hues for ultra fun and romantic weddings. Choose from a range of trending shades from moss green to pretty pale yellow. Check out your favourite dresses in handy group photos so you can picture what they'll look like on your big day.

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We've gone paperless, you can return via our returns portal here. You have 28 days, from the day you receive it, to send something back. Refunds will take up to 21 days from posting. For hygiene reasons, we cannot offer refunds on sex toys, fashion face masks, cosmetics, pierced jewellery, swimwear or lingerie, if the seal has been broken or is no longer in place. Using your own method of return may cause delays in your refund and you may be liable for import VAT and a custom duty charge, if returning internationally. If your items don’t make it back to us, you’ll need to open a dispute with the carrier.

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Learn how to Edit, Create and Apply a Skin to your site. You’ll also learn how to apply different Skins to individual pages. To Customize a Skin, you’ll need to access the Customizer via WP Admin > Appearance > Customize > Customize Skins. You can identify the Skin settings by the small “Paintbrush” icon next to each section. To Edit, Create or apply a Skin to your site, click the Select Skin section. You’ll also notice in the above diagram that the Customizer will tell you what Skin you’re currently editing. This isn’t the necessarily the Skin that’s applied to your site. Once you’ve clicked on Select Skin you’ll see the options in the above diagram. If you wish to apply a different Skins to individual pages or posts, follow these steps: Edit the Post or Page: Once you’ve selected the Skin, save the Post or Page and the Skin you’ve selected will now be applied to that page.

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Beyonce’s ‘Renaissance’ Is Finally Out and Fans Are Absolutely Shook: ‘A No Skips Album’ After much anticipation, it is finally here. For, Beyonce has unleashed her long-awaited seventh studio album, Renaissance. The new album sees Beyonce head to the dance floor with its anthemic songs. However, across the album, Queen Bey also shows love for the LGBTQ+ community. In fact, she goes on to credit her late Uncle Johnny - who was a queer man - in the Renaissance booklet. In her tribute to him, she says: "[He was] the first person to expose me to a lot of the music and the culture that serve as inspiration for this album." Now that the album has made its way into the world, fans have flocked to social media to express their love for it and to share what songs they deem to be the highlights from it. Peep all of the reactions below: While fans may be loving the project now, Beyonce was not loving the fact that Renaissance leaked prior to its release. Nevertheless, she did thank the fans that called out anyone that was listening to it early. In a statement to Twitter, she said: "So, the album leaked, and you all actually waited until the proper release time so you all can enjoy it together. I've never seen anything like it. I can't thank ya'll enough for your love and protection." She continued: "I appreciate you for calling out anyone that was trying to sneak into the club early. It means the world to me. Thank you for your unwavering support. Thank you for being patient. We are going to take our time and enjoy the music. I will continue to give my all and do my best to bring you joy. I love you deep." Renaissance is Beyonce's first solo music since she shared her Lemonade album back in 2016. Upon its debut the album received massive amounts of acclaim, similar to that Renaissance is receiving upon its debut as well. Barrier-Breaking Women in Music

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Best Western Slope Burgers According to Google Reviews There are very few foods that are as quintessentially American as a good old hamburger or cheeseburger. Unless, of course, you don't eat meat, in which case I'd assume you're not a fan. For the rest of us, however, having a good burger to look forward to could be what gets you through a tough day at the office. Beloved as they are, burgers are also not that hard to find. There are so many options, in fact, that you can easily wind up forced to choke down a sub-par burger if you aren't careful. Luckily, we live in the age of the internet, and it has never been easier to get an on-the-ground accounting of which burger joints to find, and which to avoid. In an effort to save you some time, we've scoured the Google user reviews of some of the more notable Western Slope burger shops. Below are the top five with the best reviews. #5: Randy's Southside Diner (Grand Junction) - 4.5 Stars Rounding out the bottom of the list, we have Randy's Southside Diner in Grand Junction with 4.5 stars. While I have had many a breakfast at Randy's when I'm in town, I can say that I've never had one of their burgers, so I can't vouch for this one personally. #4: Munchies Pizza and Deli (Fruita) - 4.5 Stars At number four we have a pizza place, believe it or not. Munchies Pizza and Deli in Fruita currently has 4.5 stars on Google, and before you complain, they actually do sell burgers and sandwiches. They also deliver, just in case you were wondering. #3: The Goat and Clover Tavern (Grand Junction) - 4.5 Stars Another entry from Grand Junction, The Goat and Clover Tavern also sits at 4.5 stars on Google. Yes, they do get the nod for third place because they serve beer. Why do you ask? #2: Bin 707 Foodbar (Grand Junction) - 4.6 Stars One more for Grand Junction, and this one is fancy. Bin 707 Foodbar has an overall rating of 4.6 stars, and gives you the unique opportunity to enjoy a glass of wine or two with your burger; a concept that I had literally never thought of before. #1: Crash Burger (Montrose) - 4.6 Stars Wouldn't you know who won the pony? Montrose's favorite burger joint also happens to be the best-reviewed burger joint on the Western Slope. Crash Burger currently holds an overall Google star rating of 4.6, and if you're local to Montrose, you already know why. Bonus: JD's Dog Depot (Grand Junction) - 5 Stars According to Google, the best burger restaurant on the Western Slope is JD's Dog Depot... which is a hotdog cart and has precisely no burgers on its menu. Now, I love a good hotdog, don't get me wrong, but I think the Google machine might've missed the assignment on this one. I don't know about you, but I think this lends support to my theory that AI isn't quite ready to take over the world just yet.

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Billy Currington Stays Up ‘Til The Sun in Sayreville [Pictures] Billy Currington is certainly doing something right as he hits the road to start spreading summertime vibes on his Stay Up ’Til the Sun Tour. Bringing the tour through Sayreville, N.J., the country star showed the crowd just how country boys roll Currington played through his 17-song setlist with his customary good humor. To start the spread of summer, he began with the No. 1 single "Don't It" from his latest album, Summer Forever, followed by “That's How Country Boys Roll,” "Love Done Gone” and “I Got a Feeling.’” After delivering "Pretty Good at Drinkin’ Beer” and a soulful "Let Me Down Easy," Currington dedicated his latest radio hit, "It Don't Hurt Like It Used To," to "all the homeboys to take care of their heartaches." When he played fan favorite "People Are Crazy," the crowd erupted as he belted out the chorus, “God is great, beer is good, and people are crazy”. “This one song I want to play I’ve been playing with the full band for all these years, but when I first started playing it, it just had me and my guitar going from radio to radio station through the U.S. and I kind of miss playing it,” Currington said before playing “Must Be Doing Something Right.” Currington set up an acoustic version of “Don’t” by explaining, "There’s a song that we stopped playing for a few years. It was a No. 1 record for me and I really loved singing it, but this one got kicked out of the setlist five years ago, but we are bringing it back tonight.“ Closing out the show, Currington paid tribute to Garth Brooks with a cover of “Friends in Low Places” before ending with “We Are Tonight” and “Good Directions.” Currington will continue his “Stay Up ’Till The Sun Tour” throughout the rest of the spring before a summer schedule of festival appearances.

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There’s a reason why the job outlook for photographers is expected to increase by 9% over the next decade. We rely on these professionals to capture important moments in our lives. And, few moments are more important than celebrating a newborn baby. Sadly, getting your little one to behave for the camera can be no easy task. Whether you’re taking the pictures yourself or working with a professional, it’s essential to know the basics of shooting photographs of babies. That’s why we made this guide. In it, we’ll walk you through twelve vital tips in newborn photography. 1. Make Sure the Baby Is Warm Babies aren’t very good at regulating their body temperatures. So, if the photo studio, or wherever you take the photos, is cold, your baby will be uncomfortable. And that’s going to lead to some poor pictures. Consider making the studio extra toasty (around 75 to 85 degrees Fahrenheit). It might make you sweat, but the baby will be cozy and sleepy. 2. Get the Camera On Eye-Level Baby pictures are intimate. But taking them from high up can make the baby feel isolated in the shot. Be sure to get down on the baby’s eye level. That way, you can capture the baby’s eye contact, which will make for a great shot. 3. Set Up Everything Before You Begin Shooting You don’t want to wait for the baby to arrive at the photo shoot to begin setting things up. Sadly, the good moods that come with babies often have a time limit. That’s why it’s crucial to get the most out of every minute the baby is there. So take care of everything beforehand. 4. Choose the Right Time of Day A baby’s sleep schedule during their first year is incredibly erratic. That being said, they do tend to sleep more during certain parts of the day than others. Most of the time, that’s in the morning. The earlier you can take your newborn’s picture, the better. However, if your baby has a different time of day when they’re generally sleepy, then you can go with that! 5. Utilize Natural Lighting Natural light is preferable for newborn photography for a lot of reasons. First, it’s not as bright and abrasive. So it’s easier for babies to be around it for longer periods of time. Second, there’s just something magical about natural lighting. When the sun comes through the window a certain way, it can truly make your baby look angelic. 6. Switch to Silent Shooting Mode Cameras with loud beeps and shutter clicks might not seem scary to us, but that’s because we’re used to them. For toddlers, these noises can be startling, which often causes crying in the middle of the photo session. You can avoid this by making sure that your camera is fully in silent mode before proceeding with the shots. 7. Don’t Rush Things Newborn photography is not a quick process. You need to leave a lot of adjusting time before you get the perfect shot. Often babies are anxious, nervous, or uncomfortable during the first hour or two. Try some of these activities for 6-month-olds to get some of that energy out of them. Remember, don’t get frustrated, and don’t try to speed things up. Is your baby crying too much during the photoshoot? Learn about the cry-it-out method that allows your baby to self-soothe. 8. Use the Continuous Shooting Setting Babies move quickly. Often their expression can change on a second-by-second basis. That’s why we recommend switching your camera to a continuous shooting setting. This mode, also known as burst mode, allows you to capture moments that would otherwise be lost when shooting a single shot. 9. Take the Pictures While They’re Young It might feel early, but the best time for a baby picture is actually during the first two weeks of their life. Why? Because they’re the most sleepy during this time period. As such, it’s far easier to get a great shot. Plus, sleeping babies are adorable. 10. Get Up Close This tip is similar to getting on eye level. But it’s also a good idea to get your lens nice and close to the baby. This can provide an artistic profile shot of just their face. It’s much more intimate than other types of newborn photography. Related: Fun Baby Toys Collection 11. Consider a Tripod Certain types of babies are more active than others. If your baby falls in the overactive category, there’s a good chance they’ll be moving too much to get a good picture. In this case, we recommend using a tripod. This can help steady your shot and capture more movement from your newborn. 12. Hire a Professional There are a lot of advantages to hiring a professional newborn photographer. For starters, they know all the technical skills to capture the perfect shot. However, there’s more to it than that. When you work with a photographer, it allows you to pay more attention to your baby. This is important because babies often experience separation anxiety when getting their pictures taken. So by being close on the sidelines, you can comfort your baby whenever they need it. Like professional baby photographers, 123 Baby Box makes your life as a parent easier. Learn more about our company to find out how we can help you today. The Importance of Newborn Photography We hope this informative guide helped you learn more about newborn photography. Remember that your child will never be a newborn again. And while it’s great to have some nice cellphone pictures of your baby, nothing can beat the real thing. That’s why we’d recommend investing in a quality newborn photographer. They can ensure that your child looks excellent during this adorable phase of their life. That way, you can remember them as a newborn forever.

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Until two weeks ago, I didn’t know what a charm clip was, but now I have a lovely one from 12th House. It’s delicate and sturdy! A friend recommended 12th House and now I know why. Beautiful jewelry and the personal and gracious customer service is a swell thing, as well! Beautiful special magical pieces! Love my talisman and have been wearing it constantly The engraving is incredible - clear and delicate. The weight of the ring is surprisingly heavy (in the best way). The fit is snug and secure. I’m obsessed, I love it!! I received my ring today, it is absolutely stunning. The attention to detail and craftsmanship is exceptional. I am so pleased to add this stunning piece to my growing 12th house collection! This is an elegant, beautiful, well made piece that will leave you feeling your inner mysticism. Kelly was extremely responsive via messaging and very kind. I can't wait to add to my stack :)

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Hey, now we can really dream… Yep, as everyone and their favorite mutant knows, the Avengers, the X-Men and the Fantastic Four will finally be under the same movie-making umbrella thanks to the Disney/Fox deal. This is, shall we say, huge. So let’s celebrate with 13 COVERS! That’s right: 13 COVERS of the Avengers, the X-Men and the Fantastic Four fighting with and against each other. Of course, with a shared universe such as this, it’s a fool’s errand to try to pick just 13 — but I’m that fool! So here you are. Feel free to add any of your faves that I’ve inevitably missed in the comments below or in whichever social-media thread you found this: Cover images and credits from the kitchen-sink Grand Comics Database.

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January 6, 2022 by Sarra Cannon I’m so excited for the gift of a fresh start every quarter, and I don’t think I’ve ever been as ready for new energy and a clean slate than I am right now in Q1 of 2022. How about you? Have you chosen your goals for the quarter or year? I’m currently in a 3-month lease in a furnished apartment, and I am so very grateful to have a space to spend most of the quarter, instead of moving around too much. Watch the video, though, for some big news about our housing situation! If you enjoyed this video and think you might want to try this system or read more about it, you can buy the HB90 Method printable planner on Etsy now. There is a dated quarterly version, an undated quarterly version, and a yearly workbook that has all the same goal-setting pages without the daily and weekly spreads. The HB90 Bootcamp course runs 4 times a year and will be offered again in March for anyone who is interested. My Thriving Author Course Bundle that includes the Publish and Thrive Course along with the March round of HB90 Bootcamp will open for enrollment on January 23rd! Publish and Thrive begins February 7th, and I honestly cannot wait! Add it to your plan now if you want to join us! I have spent a lot of time thinking about how to create even better content for you in 2022. I have a lot of great ideas, like a series on how to follow through with your plans, how to finish a book, how to write a sequel, and showing you a full week-in-the-life with my planner to walk you through my process. As always, though, I LOVE to get your feedback on ideas you’d like to see covered, topics, and series that you think would be helpful. Feel free to comment below, on YouTube, or reach out via email anytime. Thank you for sharing your thoughts! For the past few years, I’ve had a writing sprints Facebook group called the Heart Breathings Word Sprints Challenge. This group was only meant to be a temporary group for a sprint challenge I was running at the time, but as the months went on, the group continued to grow and shift. We started livestreaming writing sprints and even doing monthly virtual events like Double Down Day and a virtual Writing Retreat. This nearly 4,000 member group has become an amazing community online! So much encouragement and uplifting happening in there! The name of the group didn’t quite fit us anymore, though, so I have renamed the group to the “Heart Breathings Writing Community.” More than just a sprinting group, this group has become a place for writers to share ideas, ask questions, and post encouragement. If you’re on Facebook, I’d love for you to join us there. However, I do know that for many people, Facebook is not for you. For this reason, I’ve created a page here on my website that displays a public Google Calendar and links to everyone’s YouTube channels and times for livestreams. That way, you can all join in on the sprints on YouTube if you’re not on Facebook! Yay! This weekend, we have our first event of the year – January’s Double Down Day. Livestream sprints all day and you’re challenged to write double your “normal” word count, whatever that may be for you. Click over to the page or join the group to find out the times and Youtube links! I have been self-publishing my books since 2010, and in that time, I've sold well over half a million copies of my books. I'm not a superstar or a huge bestseller, but I have built an amazing career that brings me great joy. Here at Heart Breathings, I hope to help you find that same level of success. Let's do this.

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Count Ivan A. Kuskov | On March 15 1812, Ivan A. Kuskov aboard the brig Chirikov sailed into a bay he had named Rumiantsev, after the Russian Minister of Commerce, and is now known as Bodega Bay in California. Kuskov brought with him 20 Russians and 80 Aleutian natives from Alaska. They journeyed some 24 kilometres north to set up a settlement that was named Fort Ross after the Russian word rus or ros. The settlement extended the reach of Russia into the North American continent continuing an expansion that had begun in 1741 with the settlement of Alaska. Fort Ross was one of a number of posts that represented the southernmost reach of this expansion. Fort Ross was supposed to provide food for the Alaskan colonists and also a new area for otter hunting. The settlement was not a success. The sea otters were hunted near extinction. Farming proved difficult. There were tensions between the Russian settlers and American and Spanish settlers. Finally, in 1841 the fort was sold to John Sutter, a German-Swiss immigrant. Sutter bought Fort Ross with an unsecured note for the sum of $30,000, which according to some was never paid. Sutter took supplies from Fort Ross to his own colony in the Sacramento Valley. It was in this other settlement, seven years later, that on the morning of January 24, 1848, a carpenter named James Marshall, building a sawmill on the American River for Sutter, examined the channel below the mill and noticed some shiny flecks that turned out to be gold. Sutter tried to keep the discovery quiet but the word got out and the California Gold Rush had begun. Sutter's employees left him and, what had been a thriving settlement, deteriorated so that when John Sutter died in 1880 he was bankrupt.

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Renee Eco Raglan Turtleneck - Heather Grey The Renee Raglan Turtleneck adds a cozy & sophisticated feel to every outfit. Designed with an easy turtleneck for a relaxed-yet-elevated look. Made with our new, sustainable yarn that is lightweight enough to wear year-round. In other words, this is your light layer for when you need a little extra cozy. Plus, who doesn't love styling a turtleneck? Fabric: 20% recycled cotton, 35% cotton, 45% recycled polyester Care: Hand wash cold, lay flat to dry OR dry clean - What is my size? We offer sizes 00-40 in every item. To find your perfect fit in the item you’ve got your eyes on, click the dropdown SIZE GUIDE included on every product page. For an overall guide to how to find your size with US, please reference our General Size Chart found here. Still not sure? Our fit specialists are here for you. Contact US at [email protected] or find your fit in person when you book a complimentary styling appointment here. - What is the return policy? We accept returns and exchanges for unworn, unwashed items within 30 days of receipt. Returns are easy and free in the United States. Have a return, exchange, or Fit Liberty? Find the return portal at the bottom of our site or click here. A return shipping label will automatically be generated for you after completing your return preference in our Return Portal. - Is shipping free? All domestic orders are free when you select standard shipping (5-7 day delivery)! Need your order faster? Select expedited shipping at checkout for 3 day delivery for a flat fee of $15.

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- What is my size? We offer sizes 00-40 in every item. To find your perfect fit in the item you’ve got your eyes on, click the dropdown SIZE GUIDE included on every product page. For an overall guide to how to find your size with US, please reference our General Size Chart found here. Still not sure? Our fit specialists are here for you. Contact US at [email protected] or find your fit in person when you book a complimentary styling appointment here. - What is the return policy? We accept returns and exchanges for unworn, unwashed items within 30 days of receipt. Returns are easy and free in the United States. Have a return, exchange, or Fit Liberty? Find the return portal at the bottom of our site or click here. A return shipping label will automatically be generated for you after completing your return preference in our Return Portal. - Is shipping free? All domestic orders are free when you select standard shipping (5-7 day delivery)! Need your order faster? Select expedited shipping at checkout for 3 day delivery for a flat fee of $15.

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About this item Enhance your cooking experience with our top-of-the-line propane accessories. Our 48-inch Stainless Steel propane Hose provides durability and flexibility, while the 10-psi Preset Propane gas Regulator and Brass Control Valve offer precise control over your cooking flame. The included 3/8-inch Flare Swivel Fitting ensures easy installation and compatibility with Bayou Classic Cookers & Jet Cookers. Trust 274 Propane, conveniently located in Florida Miami, for all your propane needs and enjoy elevated culinary adventures with our high-quality products.

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STARBILD Faux Leather Leggings for Women High Waisted Pants Black Compression Tights (as of [price_update_date] – Details) From the brand STARBILD Workout Sportswear STARBILD Workout Activewear Beatiful and High Quality Sportswear for women Outfit ideas for any gym style! Provide better choices for indoor leisure, outdoor sports and daily wear Workout Bodysuit for Women Women Short Bodysuit Scrunch Butt Striped Leggings Seamless Leggings for Women Striped Womens Gym Leggings Faux Leather Leggings Leather Leggings for Women Package Dimensions : 11.5 x 9.06 x 1.46 inches; 6.74 Ounces Department : Womens Date First Available : July 19, 2022 ASIN : B0B6ZCC474 Dry Clean Only FAUX LEATHER LEGGINGS FOR WOMEN: Black leather pants, slim fit, 4-way stretch, non-see through, soft and comfy. HIGH WAIST LEATHER LEGGINGS: With a wide high-rise waistband,these womens leather leggings will contour your curves and control your tummy, pull in your tum and bum, and these yoga leggings are super comfortable to wear. BUTT LIFTING LEATHER LEGGINGS: Not only does this sensual push-up legging style have targeted compression for your abs and legs, but the Bum lifting bands are designed to tighten your hips,Works like a push up bra for your booty, providing a little lift.Faux leather leggings for women butt lift, fashion round booty pattern make your booty look like a sexy juicy peach.

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Transport infrastructure consists of the fastened installations, together with roads , railways , airways , waterways , canals and pipelines and terminals reminiscent of airports , railway stations , bus stations , warehouses , trucking terminals, refueling depots (including fueling docks and fuel stations ) and seaports Terminals may be used both for interchange of passengers and cargo and for maintenance. Styling grew to become increasingly necessary in automotive design as a advertising and marketing gadget. The overall development in styling grew to become established late in the Twenties when automobiles began to lose their square, boxlike strains and to develop flowing curves. In time the brand new design encompassed both physique and chassis, integrating such formerly separate features as mudguards, operating boards, and bumpers. A combination of pressures made American cars of the Fifties high-powered and ornate, with extravagant use of chrome and exaggerated tail fins; these options had been abandoned when the general public found the less complicated strains of imported vehicles extra attractive. In 2014, the three prime motorcycle producers globally by quantity had been Honda (28%), Yamaha (17%) (both from Japan), and Hero MotoCorp (India). 6 In growing countries, motorcycles are thought-about utilitarian as a consequence of decrease costs and larger gas economic system Of all of the motorcycles on the planet, fifty eight% are within the Asia-Pacific and Southern and Eastern Asia regions, excluding car-centric Japan. Discussion board. If for any motive a Dispute proceeds in courtroom relatively than via arbitration, all such Disputes (regardless of theory) arising out of or relating to those Phrases, or the relationship between you and us, will be introduced solely within the courts positioned within the county of New York, New York or the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. In such instances, you and we agree to submit to the non-public jurisdiction of the courts positioned inside the county of New York, New York or the Southern District of New York, and comply with waive any and all objections to the train of jurisdiction over the parties by such courts and to venue in such courts. I wouldn’t advocate a V6 engine for these vehicles as a result of you’ll get a slower automotive with more issues; indeed, the 1.8t and the 1.9 TDI are faster than the V6 with no turbo engine. The letter from the European Vehicle Producers’ Affiliation (ACEA) — a group that represents corporations together with BMW, Toyota and Fiat — urges Brussels to rethink its position†on guidelines for figuring out whether goods will qualify for tariff-free commerce. Around the world there are a couple of billion automobiles on the street; ninety three they burn over a trillion liters of gasoline and diesel fuel yearly, consuming about 50 EJ (almost 300 terawatt-hours ) of power. ninety four The numbers of cars are increasing quickly in China and India. 11 In the opinion of some, urban transport methods based across the automobile have proved unsustainable, consuming extreme vitality, affecting the health of populations, and delivering a declining degree of service despite growing investment. Many of those damaging impacts fall disproportionately on those social teams who’re additionally least prone to personal and drive cars. 95 ninety six The sustainable transport movement focuses on options to these problems. The automotive trade is also going through rising competition from the public transport sector, as some individuals re-consider their non-public car utilization. U.S. USERS: THESE TERMS COMPRISE A BINDING ARBITRATION AGREEMENT AND SOPHISTICATION MOTION AND JURY TRIAL WAIVER CLAUSES IN SECTION 14.2 UNDER, THAT ARE APPLICABLE TO ALL U.S. USERS. Prolonged warranties offer peace of mind, however aside from the coverage included with factory-licensed pre-owned cars, extra plans come with a worth that studies have shown to be greater than the benefits you’ll be able to declare in repairs. You agree that any advice, thought, proposal, suggestion, feedback or different enter (Feedbackâ€) you submit to us associated to our products, providers, websites, apps, or technology may be used by us with none discover, obligation, restriction, reimbursement or compensation to you and you waive (or agree to not implement) any and all rights which will now or in future exist (including moral and equivalent rights) in any Feedback.

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There's no better way to immerse yourself in local culture than to experience it directly. It is warmly welcomed by a three-generation Hanoian family residing in the city's southwest. Savoring a meal with traditional dishes and discovering Vietnam culture through conversation with the hosts in the warm atmosphere of this hospitable family promises an enriching experience. This is an excellent opportunity for those who love Vietnam, its vibrant culture and delicious cuisine. Discover the enchanting textiles of Vietnam's ethnic minorities with a full-day workshop in Lao Chai Village. Join Black H'Mong artisans to explore hemp production, batik design, and indigo dyeing. Uncover the meanings behind H'Mong folk art symbols and enjoy a traditional H'Mong lunch. This experience includes a hike of about 1.5 hours in Muong Hoa valley, through beautiful rice terraced fields. This workshop is suitable for all ages and skill levels and offers a unique cultural immersion. Bach Ma National Park is a nature lover's paradise, offering breathtaking views, bird-watching opportunities, and a hike through tropical forests to its peak for panoramic views. Departing from Danang or Hoi An, the journey includes the memorable Hai Van Pass and explores historical relics from the Vietnam War. Exploring Angkor Wat is a must for anyone visiting Cambodia. Its architectural brilliance, with expansive galleries, intricate bas-reliefs, and towering spires, reflects the artistic and engineering prowess of the Khmer Empire. Angkor Wat is officially symbolizing the nation's identity and pride. We highly recommend dedicating an entire day to this magnificent temple complex, its grandeur, intricate carvings, and ionic temples. Exploring the local life through Cambodia's famous floating villages offers a fascinating insight into rural Cambodian life on water. Tonle Sap Lake, the largest freshwater lake in the region, plays a crucial role in the lives of many Cambodians, providing a livelihood and sustenance for countless communities. It is home to several floating villages, with Chong Kneas Floating Village and Kampong Phluk Floating Village standing out. Experience the magic of the sun's first golden rays as they cast a warm glow over the ancient temples, creating an enchanting moment. Get up early in the morning and embark on a journey through the vast Angkor temple complex in a traditional tuk-tuk to witness this beautiful sunrise. It's an experience not to be missed by early risers. What could be more magnificent than witnessing the sun cast its final golden-orange rays over Cambodia's largest freshwater lake from a boat? Afterwards, enjoy a traditional Apsara show, where women in tight-fitting traditional dresses perform intricate, graceful dances that narrate classical myths and religious stories through their codified, sinuous movements. This experience will surely finish the day with lasting memories. The Opulence Cruise, symbolizing wealth and elegance, is ready to provide an unmatched experience on the waters of the Chao Phraya River. Satiate with an international gourmet buffet and live music by professional singers. Admire the architecture and landmarks like Wat Kanlaya, Wat Arun, Wat Phra Kaew, Asiatique, and other stunning sights. This tour visits the famous River Kwai bridge built during World War II by POWs near Kanchanaburi, 130 km west of Bangkok. Explore the Wat Cemetery, where around 9,000 allied soldiers who died building the bridge and the "Death Railway" are buried. Discover the past at the JEATH Museum, showcasing wartime photos and artifacts. The tour includes a train ride over the original Death Railway track and a delicious lunch at the disembarkation station. Experience a traditional northern Thai dinner served on a Khantoke tray, accompanied by performances of traditional Lanna dances and music. Suan Dok Temple, built in 1370 and the royal cemetery of the Chiang Mai Royal Family, features a gilded Chedi with Buddha relics and a renowned 16th-century Golden Buddha. Engage in interactive discussions with Thai monks to explore Buddhism and the Buddhist way of life. Experience the Meditation Retreat, which promotes peace and deep insight into life's truths. Located in Northern Laos, this small town is known for its ancient temples, French colonial architecture, and slow-paced lifestyle. This UNESCO World Heritage site offers a blend of cultural heritage and stunning landscapes, perfect for exploring local traditions and serene river cruises. Nestled amidst stunning limestone mountains and lush greenery, Vang Vieng is famous for its outdoor adventures. From tubing and kayaking on the Nam Song River to exploring caves and hiking, Vang Vieng is an adventurer’s paradise. One of Southeast Asia's most enigmatic archaeological sites. Shrouded in mystery, this prehistoric site has puzzled historians and archaeologists for decades, offering a glimpse into a lost civilization's secrets and inviting visitors to explore its intriguing past. Located in the southern tip of Laos, Si Phan Don is a serene riverine archipelago on the Mekong River. It's known for its waterfalls, and the rare Irrawaddy dolphins. Visit the craft villages in the surroundings of Hue and discover the unique traditional crafts that have existed for hundreds of years in the former capital of Vietnam. Meet talented artisans to understand their work, then cycling through rural villages to get a real insight into Vietnamese local life. Situated 70 km from Ho Chi Minh City, Cu Chi is a legendary historical site, not only for those intrigued by Vietnam's wartime history but everyone. The tour offers a thrilling military jeep ride through the picturesque Vietnamese countryside, promising an unforgettable adventure. Explore the lesser-known Mekong Delta of Ben Tre, known as Coconut Island. Cruise the scenic Delta, discover traditional crafts, cycle through village roads to visit local homes, savor tropical fruits, and meet a former Vietcong soldier turned rice paper artisan. Enjoy a delicious 5-course lunch, beautifully blending culture, history, and the riverine charm of the Mekong Delta. See an authentic Hoi An like no others. Ride through rice paddies fields, get to know locals who make a living from traditional crafts and taste Vietnamese coffee. Son My Memorial, the site of the My Lai Massacre, offers scenic views and profound insights into the Vietnam War's tragedies. The experience also includes meeting and talking with survivors from 1968, adding a powerful reflection on the war and a valuable educational experience, especially for history students. Experience a profound journey through Phnom Penh with this tour. Visiting the Killing Fields of Choeung Ek and the Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum offers a real insight into Cambodia's history and the impact of the Khmer Rouge regime. Conclude with a visit to a lively outdoor market to explore local goods and souvenirs. This tour provides a meaningful blend of historical reflection and cultural discovery. Cuc Phuong National Park, Vietnam's first, offers an enriching and meaningful experience for students. Explore the wildlife rescue center that protects endangered species like critically endangered pangolins. Get hands-on with keepers, preparing food, cleaning enclosures, and creating enrichment tools. Cambodia was once one of the most mine-affected countries in the world. This tour offers a unique opportunity to learn about humanitarian demining, including training rats to detect mines and the process of clearing them, and to witness a live demonstration of HeroRATs at work on a simulated minefield. It's a truly one-of-a-kind experience. Visiting Chiang Mai's elephant sanctuary offers a chance to connect with rescued elephants in an ethical setting. Observe these gentle giants, participate in feeding, and learn about the sanctuary's conservation efforts. The experience promotes respect for these animals and supports their protection and rehabilitation. Phnom Kulen, 50 kilometers from Siem Reap, is a sacred mountain revered by Hindus and Buddhists. It’s widely regarded as the birthplace of the ancient Khmer Empire. The visit offers a scenic drive, exploration of intricate carvings, and a traditional Cambodian blessing. Key sites include the Thousand Lingas and the giant reclining Buddha at Preah Ang Thom pagoda. A unique experience and a different way to see Hanoi. Explore hidden backstreets, local homes, markets, and how locals live, work, and play. Unlike other tours, we show the city's beautiful and raw sides. Highlights include must-see landmarks. Discover the serene outskirts around West Lake and Truc Bach Lake, showcasing the harmony between city life and its peaceful surroundings. Enjoy stops at authentic eateries to savor Hanoi's best dishes, including family recipes and local specialties.

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This is a service not a product, you have to provide a motor for this service , motors or single cores can also be sold, but for that is better to email us for further details. This service includes: - motor hand rewinding for best performance and durability - motor coils encapsulation for better reliability - new commutator - new brushes This service increases the snappyness of your ptw, response, torque and speed for less heat and less battery consumption. All the motors are professionally assembled by hand and tested.

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Oliver Burkeman in The Guardian: By the end of last year, anyone who had been paying even passing attention to the news headlines was highly likely to conclude that everything was terrible, and that the only attitude that made sense was one of profound pessimism – tempered, perhaps, by cynical humour, on the principle that if the world is going to hell in a handbasket, one may as well try to enjoy the ride. Naturally, Brexit and the election of Donald Trump loomed largest for many. But you didn’t need to be a remainer or a critic of Trump’s to feel depressed by the carnage in Syria; by the deaths of thousands of migrants in the Mediterranean; by North Korean missile tests, the spread of the zika virus, or terror attacks in Nice, Belgium, Florida, Pakistan and elsewhere – nor by the spectre of catastrophic climate change, lurking behind everything else. (And all that’s before even considering the string of deaths of beloved celebrities that seemed like a calculated attempt, on 2016’s part, to rub salt in the wound: in the space of a few months, David Bowie, Leonard Cohen, Prince, Muhammad Ali, Carrie Fisher and George Michael, to name only a handful, were all gone.) And few of the headlines so far in 2017 – Grenfell tower, the Manchester and London attacks, Brexit chaos, and 24/7 Trump – provide any reason to take a sunnier view. Yet one group of increasingly prominent commentators has seemed uniquely immune to the gloom. In December, in an article headlined “Never forget that we live in the best of times”, the Times columnist Philip Collins provided an end-of-year summary of reasons to be cheerful: during 2016, he noted, the proportion of the world’s population living in extreme poverty had fallen below 10% for the first time; global carbon emissions from fossil fuels had failed to rise for the third year running; the death penalty had been ruled illegal in more than half of all countries – and giant pandas had been removed from the endangered species list.

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Live pengeluaran sgp games are an exciting way to enjoy your favorite table game in real-time, with the advantage of interacting with real live dealers. This is a perfect choice for social gamblers who enjoy the interaction and competition that a casino offers. But there are a few things you should know before you start playing. The first thing to do is to sign up for an online casino account. After doing that, you will be able to access the gaming lobby where you can begin to play. You will need to register an email address and personal details. Once you have your account, you can log in and start chatting with your dealer. If you aren’t ready to play, you can choose to watch a live session in progress or simply sit back and relax. Depending on the type of game you want to play, you may be able to place a bet or make a request to the dealer. Live casinos can also allow you to chat with other players at the table. Another difference between live and regular casinos is that regular games are played on software against a computer algorithm. While it is true that some casino sites offer live versions of popular game shows, such as roulette, poker, blackjack, and Sic Bo, most do not. Instead, you’ll find a number of different slots and table games. Many of these include a random number generator for the payouts. To play a live casino, you’ll need to find a reputable site. These sites often go to great lengths to protect you from fraud and to ensure that your information is secure. Several different encryption technologies are used, and the payment platform is typically secured. When you are playing for money, it is important to be careful with your bankroll, especially if you are betting large amounts. Online casinos have been experimenting with virtual reality technology. With the rise of smartphones and tablets, consumers are increasingly getting the ability to enjoy a more realistic and immersive casino experience. In addition, there are new advancements in consumer graphics technology, so your phone can produce sharper images than it did years ago. If you are looking for a good place to start, the Ignition Casino is the place to go. It’s the king of online poker and offers over 300+ games with real money payouts. Additionally, it hosts big money poker tournaments, weekly promotions, and Hot Drop jackpots. They’re the go-to casino for Americans who want to win big while staying safe. The second most common casino card game is baccarat. During the poker boom of the 2000s, baccarat became a favorite among the masses. Since then, casinos have adapted the game to fit the needs of the casino crowd. However, with the emergence of online casinos, baccarat is now available for all. Some casinos even have variations of baccarat, such as Punto Banco baccarat. Although live casino games are a bit different than regular casino games, they’re still very similar. For example, many of them feature random number generators, live chat features, and a range of bonuses. Plus, the most reputable casinos will provide a broad variety of games.

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- Gentle orange fragrance - Highly concentrated - Removes oil, grease and all kinds of stubborn stains - Powerful enough to clean commercial exhaust filters - Effectively get rids of odor - Dilute with the appropriate amount of water depending on the application. - The solution may be applied to surface with a rag or sponge or sprayed onto the surface. - For stubborn stains and grease, let the cleaning solution sit on the surface for several minutes. - After cleaning, rinse surface with cold water.

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Catherine Saillant - LA tIMES la nOW BLOG|http://lat.ms/gfCQIK January 21, 2011 | 6:26 pm - About 200 students, teachers and administrators at South Gate High School were on a "precautionary" lockdown Friday night after someone reported seeing a male brandishing a gun outside the school, officials said. South Gate police and school officers have done a preliminary search of the campus and haven't found anything suspicious, said Susan Cox, a spokeswoman for the Los Angeles Unified School District. Students will be held a little longer as officers make sure it is safe to leave, she said. Most students had already left for the day when the gunman reportedly was seen off-campus at 3:30 p.m., Cox said. Those students remaining are involved in athletics and after-school activities, she said. No shots were fired and no injuries have been reported, Cox said. [Updated, 6:30 p.m.: The lockdown has been lifted and students are being allowed to go home. Three suspects have taken into custody, Cox said. No weapon has been found.]

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Every few weeks an artist of some repute puts out a press release, announcing the cancellation of a tour ‘due to exhaustion’, and message boards light up with scorn and mocking. “Tell you what mate; you take my job in an office and I’ll take yours. I’ll play music every night to adoring fans, get put up in hotels and plied with free alcohol and food. How about that?” Last night in Evreux we headlined the third stage of Rock Dans tous ses États. Hot and cold food, beer and wine. The hotel – though sandwiched between an industrial estate and a motorway – was clean and contemporary with modern bathrooms and huge beds. It’s not always like this. Three of us shared a bed in Paris last night and in Limoges we’re sleeping at the promoter’s house. We might have beds, we might not. Breakfast? Dunno. If not, we’ll not have time to stop in a cafe; we need to get on the road to Bordeaux. Might be we stop at a service station for a can of Coke and a bar of chocolate and hope that they’ve got green vegetables when we get to the venue Touring is fuelled by wheat. Breadstuffs are ubiquitous, broccoli is scarce and if you’re on a tight budget (we’re on a tight budget) you can’t just stop off at a restaurant for a hearty meal because that’ll set you back €15-€20. The days are long. The show will take place late in the evening, you’ll meet people and feel obliged to hang out, sell some merch, chat to the punters, you’ll not get to bed before 03.00 – assuming you get a bed – and who’s to say it’ll be comfortable? You’re up early because the promoter / whoever you’re staying with has to go to work / you need to go back to the venue to collect your equipment and get on the road. After a while, it takes its toll. It’s not so much a lack of routine; it’s a lack of a routine you’ve any control over. Of course, the artists who’re putting out press releases to say they’ve canceled a tour are sometimes at a level where they’re getting hotels. That doesn’t mean they’re not sometimes flea-pits and it doesn’t suddenly mean you can take time to stop at restaurants for hearty meals. But last night, in a field in northern France, with 1,000 people going nuts to Civil Civic and a spectacular light show such as we could never afford, thoughts of where we’ll sleep are banished, and we stand happily by the merch, watching Aaron and Ben sign t-shirts for excited kids who’ve been waiting to see them play for months. There are worse jobs in the world. We just have to work out a way to make money at it.

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I hopped over to France and Belgium with Civil Civic last week as tour manager / roadie / merch-seller / butler, having recently delivered a lecture on the differences between touring in the UK and mainland Europe. The idea was that we’d try and pick holes in the shows and the hospitality we met with. France isn’t some gigging promised land, right? It gets a great reputation, and the UK gets a bad one, but it’s not black and white, surely. We played in three provincial French towns; Roubaix, Chalon sur Saône and Reims, then into Kortrijk in Belgium. We really did try to find fault, but this was all we could come up with: Roubaix: very low stage (but nobody cared) Chalon: there was a problem with the monitors (fixed in 15 minutes) Reims: the PA couldn’t handle what we pushed through it (the only problem that couldn’t be surmounted) Kortrijk: there was absolutely nothing wrong In each venue we met with professionalism and courtesy from every member of staff we encountered. The food was hot and freshly made, we never had to ask for beers or anything else, the accommodation was clean and quiet, whether private or in a hotel. With the exception of Reims, the venue specs far exceeded those of comparative UK venues (200-700 cap.) In fact, the overall experience in Kortrijk (De Kreun) was maybe the best of my twenty-two-year-long career. And even in Reims, where the PA creaked under our sonic barrage, it ultimately didn’t matter; the audience was super-enthusiastic and raided the merch stand, the staff couldn’t have done enough for us, and we left very happy. Independent French venues get a lot of funding. The UK’s get none. It’s understandable that the level of production will therefore be higher in France – it’s not likely to change; it’s just the way it is and we’re all used to it – but there’s no reason why the level of customer service should be higher there. Being courteous doesn’t cost anything, and right now, with two more weeks ahead of us in France, Italy and Switzerland, the idea of driving around Britain’s motorways for £50 and 12 bottles of Becks seems like the kind of thing we’d dream up as a cruel and unusual punishment

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AC Milan - Một lịch sử sáng chói của Rossoneri Thể thao | by Câu lạc bộ bóng đá Associazione Calcio Milan, thường được biết đến với tên gọi AC Milan, là một trong những đội bóng giàu truyền thống và thành công nhất trong lịch sử bóng đá thế giới. Thành lập vào ngày 16 tháng 12 năm 1899, đội bóng đã trở thành biểu tượng của bóng đá Ý và châu Âu với một lịch sử lẫy lừng và bộ sưu tập danh hiệu đồ sộ. Hãy cùng 6686 tìm hiểu về câu lạc bộ giàu truyền thống nhất nước Ý này nhé! Tiểu sử về câu lạc bộ AC Milan Associazione Calcio Milan là một trong những câu lạc bộ bóng đá lâu đời và thành công nhất nước Ý và châu Âu AC Milan được thành lập bởi hai người Anh là Alfred Edwards và Herbert Kilpin. Ban đầu, đội bóng được biết đến với tên gọi Milan Foot-Ball and Cricket Club. Ngay từ những ngày đầu thành lập, đội đã chọn màu áo đỏ-đen để biểu trưng cho sự nhiệt huyết và quyết tâm, mà sau này đã trở thành biểu tượng đặc trưng của câu lạc bộ. Tóm tắt thành tích của đội bóng Trong suốt hơn một thế kỷ tồn tại, CLB đã gặt hái được vô số thành công vang dội. Đội bóng đã giành được 19 chức vô địch Serie A, 5 Coppa Italia và 7 Siêu cúp Ý. Đặc biệt, trên đấu trường châu Âu, đội bóng nổi bật với 7 danh hiệu UEFA Champions League, chỉ xếp sau Real Madrid về số lần vô địch. Những danh hiệu quốc tế khác bao gồm 5 Siêu cúp châu Âu và 3 Cúp Liên lục địa, thể hiện tầm ảnh hưởng của đội bóng trên toàn cầu. Thế hệ vàng của AC Milan Các giai đoạn thành công của đội bóng thường gắn liền với những thế hệ cầu thủ và huấn luyện viên xuất sắc. Những cái tên như Franco Baresi, Paolo Maldini, Marco van Basten, Ruud Gullit và Kaka đã góp phần làm nên những kỳ tích huy hoàng cho câu lạc bộ. Dưới sự dẫn dắt của các huấn luyện viên tài ba như Arrigo Sacchi và Carlo Ancelotti, đội bóng nửa đỏ thành Milan đã trình diễn một lối chơi bóng đẹp mắt và hiệu quả, ghi dấu ấn đậm nét trong lòng người hâm mộ cá cược bóng đá. Sân vận động của đội bóng Sân San Siro gắn liền với những dấu mốc quan trọng của CLB Theo trang tin thể thao, sân vận động San Siro, nơi AC Milan chia sẻ với đối thủ cùng thành phố Inter Milan, là một biểu tượng của bóng đá thế giới. Với sức chứa hơn 75,000 chỗ ngồi, San Siro đã chứng kiến nhiều trận đấu lịch sử và trở thành nơi thăng hoa của nhiều ngôi sao bóng đá. Không chỉ là một sân vận động, San Siro còn là ngôi nhà tinh thần của hàng triệu người hâm mộ đội bóng trên khắp thế giới, nơi cảm xúc và niềm đam mê bóng đá được hòa quyện và lan tỏa. >> Xem thêm: Lionel messi Những thành tích câu lạc bộ đã đạt được Nửa đỏ Milan là một trong những đội bóng giành nhiều chức vô địch Serie A nhất Ở đấu trường quốc nội, AC Milan đã giành được 19 danh hiệu Serie A, đứng thứ hai về số lần vô địch trong lịch sử giải đấu. Những giai đoạn thành công nhất của họ bao gồm thập kỷ 1950, 1990 và đầu những năm 2000, với những cái tên huyền thoại như Gianni Rivera, Franco Baresi, và Paolo Maldini đã đóng góp to lớn vào thành công này. Bên cạnh đó, CLB cũng đã giành được 5 Coppa Italia và 7 Supercoppa Italiana. Tại đấu trường châu Âu, Milan nổi bật với 7 danh hiệu UEFA Champions League, chỉ đứng sau Real Madrid về số lần vô địch. Lần đầu tiên họ nâng cao chiếc cúp danh giá này vào năm 1963, và lần gần nhất là vào năm 2007. Những trận đấu lịch sử và những chiến thắng ấn tượng trước các đối thủ lớn như Barcelona, Liverpool và Juventus đã khẳng định vị thế của Milan trên đấu trường quốc tế. Ngoài ra, đội bóng còn giành được nhiều danh hiệu khác như Cúp Liên lục địa (Intercontinental Cup) và FIFA Club World Cup, minh chứng cho sự xuất sắc và ổn định của họ ở mức độ toàn cầu. Những thành tích này không chỉ thể hiện sự thống trị của nửa đỏ Milan trong suốt nhiều thập kỷ mà còn khẳng định tầm ảnh hưởng và uy tín của câu lạc bộ này trong làng bóng đá thế giới. Những huyền thoại làm nên tên tuổi AC Milan AC Milan đã sản sinh ra nhiều huyền thoại không chỉ với những danh hiệu họ mang về mà còn với tài năng và sự đóng góp không thể nào quên được trong lịch sử bóng đá. Những huyền thoại này không chỉ đại diện cho sự thành công trên sân cỏ mà còn là người hùng với hàng triệu người hâm mộ đội bóng trên khắp thế giới, là tấm gương cho tinh thần chiến đấu và tài năng phi thường trong bóng đá. Franco Baresi, huyền thoại sân San Siro Theo đánh giá từ chuyên gia soi kèo, Franco Baresi là biểu tượng của sự trung thành và sự nghiêm túc trong nghề nghiệp, là một trong những hậu vệ trung lộ nổi tiếng nhất mọi thời đại. Anh đã đóng góp rất nhiều cho đội bóng với khả năng đọc trận đấu tuyệt vời, khả năng xử lý bóng điêu luyện và kỹ năng phòng ngự xuất sắc, giúp Milan giành được nhiều danh hiệu quan trọng. Với Baresi, sân San Siro không chỉ là nơi thi đấu mà còn là một phần không thể thiếu của cuộc sống. Anh đã cống hiến hết mình cho câu lạc bộ, từng đưa Milan đến đỉnh cao của bóng đá châu Âu với 6 chức vô địch Serie A và 3 danh hiệu UEFA Champions League. Với vai trò đội trưởng, Baresi trở thành nguồn cảm hứng vô tận cho thế hệ cầu thủ trẻ, thể hiện một tinh thần đồng đội và tinh thần chiến đấu không ngừng nghỉ. Paolo Maldini đã trở thành cái tên không thể quên với người hâm mộ Milan Paolo Maldini, con trai của huyền thoại Cesare Maldini, đã trở thành biểu tượng của AC Milan trong hơn ba thập kỷ thi đấu. Với sự linh hoạt và khả năng đánh đầu vượt trội, Maldini đã giành được 7 lần vô địch Serie A và 5 danh hiệu Champions League, đồng thời là đội trưởng đẳng cấp của Milan trong suốt sự nghiệp của mình. Marco van Basten Marco van Basten là một trong những tiền đạo vĩ đại nhất lịch sử bóng đá, và sự nghiệp của anh tại AC Milan đã để lại dấu ấn không thể nào quên trong lòng người hâm mộ và giới chuyên môn. Van Basten gia nhập CLB vào năm 1987 và nhanh chóng trở thành một biểu tượng của câu lạc bộ. Với khả năng ghi bàn tuyệt vời và kỹ thuật điêu luyện, anh đã góp phần quan trọng vào sự thống trị của Milan tại cả Serie A và châu Âu. Van Basten đã giành ba lần Quả bóng vàng (1988, 1989, 1992), chỉ ra sự thăng hoa của anh trên cả mặt trận cá nhân lẫn tập thể. Ở đấu trường châu Âu, Van Basten là chìa khóa chủ chốt giúp đội bóng giành ba danh hiệu UEFA Champions League trong các năm 1989, 1990 và 1994. Qua các thập kỷ, đội bóngs đã chứng tỏ mình là một trong những đội bóng vĩ đại nhất thế giới, với danh hiệu vàng và những huyền thoại đã góp phần tạo nên hào quang của câu lạc bộ này. AC Milan luôn hướng đến những thành công lớn lao và tiếp tục viết nên những trang sử mới trong lịch sử bóng đá.

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