README.md

metadata

language: []
library_name: sentence-transformers
tags:
  - sentence-transformers
  - sentence-similarity
  - feature-extraction
  - generated_from_trainer
  - dataset_size:77376
  - loss:CosineSimilarityLoss
base_model: sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2
datasets: []
widget:
  - source_sentence: >-
      He has published several books on nutrition, trace metals but not
      biochemistry imbalances.
    sentences:
      - >-
        This in turn can help in effective communication between healthcare
        providers and their patients.
      - >-
        He has written several books on nutrition, trace metals, and
        biochemistry imbalances.
      - One of the most boring movies I have ever seen.
  - source_sentence: She was denied the 2011 NSK Neustadt Prize for Children's Literature.
    sentences:
      - >-
        She was the recipient of the 2011 NSK Neustadt Prize for Children's
        Literature.
      - The ancient woodland at Dickshills is also located here.
      - >-
        An element (such as a tree) that contributes to evapotranspiration can
        be called an evapotranspirator.
  - source_sentence: >-
      Viking, after the resemblance the pitchers bear to the prow of a Viking
      ship.
    sentences:
      - >-
        Viking, after the striking difference the pitchers bear to the prow of a
        Viking ship.
      - Honshu is formed from the island arcs.
      - >-
        For instance, even alcohol consumption by a pregnant woman is unable to
        lead to fetal alcohol syndrome.
  - source_sentence: Logging has not been undertake near the headwaters of the creek.
    sentences:
      - >-
        Then I had to continue pairing it periodically since it somehow kept
        dropping.
      - That's fair, Nance.
      - Logging has been done near the headwaters of the creek.
  - source_sentence: He published a history of Cornwall, New York in 1873.
    sentences:
      - He failed to publish a history of Cornwall, New York in 1873.
      - Salafis assert that reliance on taqlid has led to Islam 's decline.
      - >-
        Lot of holes in the plot: there's nothing about how he became the
        emperor; nothing about where he spend 20 years between his childhood and
        mature age.
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity

SentenceTransformer based on sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2

This is a sentence-transformers model finetuned from sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 384-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

Model Details

Model Description

• Model Type: Sentence Transformer
• Base model: sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2
• Maximum Sequence Length: 256 tokens
• Output Dimensionality: 384 tokens
• Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity

Model Sources

• Documentation: Sentence Transformers Documentation
• Repository: Sentence Transformers on GitHub
• Hugging Face: Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face

Full Model Architecture

SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 256, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: BertModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 384, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
  (2): Normalize()
)

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

pip install -U sentence-transformers

Then you can load this model and run inference.

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("LeoChiuu/all-MiniLM-L6-v2-negations")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'He published a history of Cornwall, New York in 1873.',
    'He failed to publish a history of Cornwall, New York in 1873.',
    "Salafis assert that reliance on taqlid has led to Islam 's decline.",
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 384]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]

Training Details

Training Dataset

Unnamed Dataset

• Size: 77,376 training samples
• Columns: sentence_0, sentence_1, and label
• Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:

  	sentence_0	sentence_1	label
  type	string	string	int
  details	min: 6 tokens mean: 16.2 tokens max: 57 tokens	min: 5 tokens mean: 16.32 tokens max: 56 tokens	0: ~53.20% 1: ~46.80%

• Samples:

  sentence_0	sentence_1	label
  The situation in Yemen was already much better than it was in Bahrain.	The situation in Yemen was not much better than Bahrain.	0
  She was a member of the Gamma Theta Upsilon honour society of geography.	She was denied membership of the Gamma Theta Upsilon honour society of mathematics.	0
  Which aren't small and not worth the price.	Which are small and not worth the price.	0

• Loss: CosineSimilarityLoss with these parameters:

  {
      "loss_fct": "torch.nn.modules.loss.MSELoss"
  }
  

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

• per_device_train_batch_size: 16
• per_device_eval_batch_size: 16
• num_train_epochs: 10
• multi_dataset_batch_sampler: round_robin

All Hyperparameters

Click to expand

• overwrite_output_dir: False
• do_predict: False
• prediction_loss_only: True
• per_device_train_batch_size: 16
• per_device_eval_batch_size: 16
• per_gpu_train_batch_size: None
• per_gpu_eval_batch_size: None
• gradient_accumulation_steps: 1
• eval_accumulation_steps: None
• learning_rate: 5e-05
• weight_decay: 0.0
• adam_beta1: 0.9
• adam_beta2: 0.999
• adam_epsilon: 1e-08
• max_grad_norm: 1
• num_train_epochs: 10
• max_steps: -1
• lr_scheduler_type: linear
• lr_scheduler_kwargs: {}
• warmup_ratio: 0.0
• warmup_steps: 0
• log_level: passive
• log_level_replica: warning
• log_on_each_node: True
• logging_nan_inf_filter: True
• save_safetensors: True
• save_on_each_node: False
• save_only_model: False
• no_cuda: False
• use_cpu: False
• use_mps_device: False
• seed: 42
• data_seed: None
• jit_mode_eval: False
• use_ipex: False
• bf16: False
• fp16: False
• fp16_opt_level: O1
• half_precision_backend: auto
• bf16_full_eval: False
• fp16_full_eval: False
• tf32: None
• local_rank: 0
• ddp_backend: None
• tpu_num_cores: None
• tpu_metrics_debug: False
• debug: []
• dataloader_drop_last: False
• dataloader_num_workers: 0
• dataloader_prefetch_factor: None
• past_index: -1
• disable_tqdm: False
• remove_unused_columns: True
• label_names: None
• load_best_model_at_end: False
• ignore_data_skip: False
• fsdp: []
• fsdp_min_num_params: 0
• fsdp_config: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
• fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap: None
• accelerator_config: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
• deepspeed: None
• label_smoothing_factor: 0.0
• optim: adamw_torch
• optim_args: None
• adafactor: False
• group_by_length: False
• length_column_name: length
• ddp_find_unused_parameters: None
• ddp_bucket_cap_mb: None
• ddp_broadcast_buffers: False
• dataloader_pin_memory: True
• dataloader_persistent_workers: False
• skip_memory_metrics: True
• use_legacy_prediction_loop: False
• push_to_hub: False
• resume_from_checkpoint: None
• hub_model_id: None
• hub_strategy: every_save
• hub_private_repo: False
• hub_always_push: False
• gradient_checkpointing: False
• gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: None
• include_inputs_for_metrics: False
• eval_do_concat_batches: True
• fp16_backend: auto
• push_to_hub_model_id: None
• push_to_hub_organization: None
• mp_parameters:
• auto_find_batch_size: False
• full_determinism: False
• torchdynamo: None
• ray_scope: last
• ddp_timeout: 1800
• torch_compile: False
• torch_compile_backend: None
• torch_compile_mode: None
• dispatch_batches: None
• split_batches: None
• include_tokens_per_second: False
• include_num_input_tokens_seen: False
• neftune_noise_alpha: None
• optim_target_modules: None
• batch_sampler: batch_sampler
• multi_dataset_batch_sampler: round_robin

Training Logs

Epoch	Step	Training Loss
0.1034	500	0.3382
0.2068	1000	0.2112
0.3102	1500	0.1649
0.4136	2000	0.1454
0.5170	2500	0.1244
0.6203	3000	0.1081
0.7237	3500	0.0962
0.8271	4000	0.0924
0.9305	4500	0.0852
1.0339	5000	0.0812
1.1373	5500	0.0833
1.2407	6000	0.0736
1.3441	6500	0.0756
1.4475	7000	0.0665
1.5509	7500	0.0661
1.6543	8000	0.0625
1.7577	8500	0.0621
1.8610	9000	0.0593
1.9644	9500	0.054
2.0678	10000	0.0569
2.1712	10500	0.0566
2.2746	11000	0.0502
2.3780	11500	0.0516
2.4814	12000	0.0455
2.5848	12500	0.0454
2.6882	13000	0.0424
2.7916	13500	0.044
2.8950	14000	0.0376
2.9983	14500	0.0386
3.1017	15000	0.0392
3.2051	15500	0.0344
3.3085	16000	0.0348
3.4119	16500	0.0343
3.5153	17000	0.0322
3.6187	17500	0.0324
3.7221	18000	0.0278
3.8255	18500	0.0294
3.9289	19000	0.0292
4.0323	19500	0.0276
4.1356	20000	0.0285
4.2390	20500	0.026
4.3424	21000	0.0271
4.4458	21500	0.0248
4.5492	22000	0.0245
4.6526	22500	0.0253
4.7560	23000	0.022
4.8594	23500	0.0219
4.9628	24000	0.0207
5.0662	24500	0.0212
5.1696	25000	0.0218
5.2730	25500	0.0192
5.3763	26000	0.0198
5.4797	26500	0.0183
5.5831	27000	0.02
5.6865	27500	0.0176
5.7899	28000	0.0184
5.8933	28500	0.0157
5.9967	29000	0.0175
6.1001	29500	0.0175
6.2035	30000	0.0163
6.3069	30500	0.0173
6.4103	31000	0.0165
6.5136	31500	0.0152
6.6170	32000	0.0155
6.7204	32500	0.0132
6.8238	33000	0.0147
6.9272	33500	0.0145
7.0306	34000	0.014
7.1340	34500	0.0147
7.2374	35000	0.0126
7.3408	35500	0.0141
7.4442	36000	0.0127
7.5476	36500	0.0132
7.6510	37000	0.0125
7.7543	37500	0.0111
7.8577	38000	0.011
7.9611	38500	0.0125
8.0645	39000	0.0128
8.1679	39500	0.013
8.2713	40000	0.0115
8.3747	40500	0.0111
8.4781	41000	0.0108
8.5815	41500	0.012
8.6849	42000	0.0108
8.7883	42500	0.0105
8.8916	43000	0.0092
8.9950	43500	0.0115
9.0984	44000	0.0112
9.2018	44500	0.0096
9.3052	45000	0.0106
9.4086	45500	0.011
9.5120	46000	0.01
9.6154	46500	0.011
9.7188	47000	0.0097
9.8222	47500	0.0096
9.9256	48000	0.0102

Framework Versions

• Python: 3.11.9
• Sentence Transformers: 3.0.1
• Transformers: 4.40.2
• PyTorch: 2.3.0+cpu
• Accelerate: 0.32.1
• Datasets: 2.19.1
• Tokenizers: 0.19.1

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers

@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}