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--- |
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language: |
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- en |
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tags: |
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- sentence-transformers |
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- sentence-similarity |
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- feature-extraction |
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- generated_from_trainer |
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- dataset_size:557850 |
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- loss:MultipleNegativesRankingLoss |
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base_model: Snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-l-v2.0 |
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widget: |
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- source_sentence: A construction worker is standing on a crane placing a large arm |
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on top of a stature in progress. |
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sentences: |
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- A man is playing with his camera. |
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- A person standing |
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- Nobody is standing |
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- source_sentence: A boy in red slides down an inflatable ride. |
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sentences: |
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- a baby smiling |
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- A boy is playing on an inflatable ride. |
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- A boy pierces a knife through an inflatable ride. |
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- source_sentence: A man in a black shirt is playing a guitar. |
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sentences: |
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- A group of women are selling their wares |
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- The man is wearing black. |
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- The man is wearing a blue shirt. |
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- source_sentence: A man with a large power drill standing next to his daughter with |
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a vacuum cleaner hose. |
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sentences: |
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- A man holding a drill stands next to a girl holding a vacuum hose. |
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- Kids ride an amusement ride. |
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- The man and girl are painting the walls. |
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- source_sentence: A middle-aged man works under the engine of a train on rail tracks. |
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sentences: |
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- A guy is working on a train. |
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- Two young asian men are squatting. |
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- A guy is driving to work. |
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datasets: |
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- sentence-transformers/all-nli |
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pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity |
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library_name: sentence-transformers |
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metrics: |
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- cosine_accuracy |
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model-index: |
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- name: SentenceTransformer based on Snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-l-v2.0 |
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results: |
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- task: |
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type: triplet |
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name: Triplet |
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dataset: |
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name: all nli test |
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type: all-nli-test |
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metrics: |
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- type: cosine_accuracy |
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value: 0.9558178241791496 |
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name: Cosine Accuracy |
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--- |
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|
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# SentenceTransformer based on Snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-l-v2.0 |
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This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model finetuned from [Snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-l-v2.0](https://huggingface.co./Snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-l-v2.0) on the [all-nli](https://huggingface.co./datasets/sentence-transformers/all-nli) dataset. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 1024-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more. |
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|
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## Model Details |
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### Model Description |
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- **Model Type:** Sentence Transformer |
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- **Base model:** [Snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-l-v2.0](https://huggingface.co./Snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-l-v2.0) <!-- at revision 7f311bb640ad3babc0a4e3a8873240dcba44c9d2 --> |
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- **Maximum Sequence Length:** 8192 tokens |
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- **Output Dimensionality:** 1024 dimensions |
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- **Similarity Function:** Cosine Similarity |
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- **Training Dataset:** |
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- [all-nli](https://huggingface.co./datasets/sentence-transformers/all-nli) |
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- **Language:** en |
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<!-- - **License:** Unknown --> |
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### Model Sources |
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- **Documentation:** [Sentence Transformers Documentation](https://sbert.net) |
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- **Repository:** [Sentence Transformers on GitHub](https://github.com/UKPLab/sentence-transformers) |
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- **Hugging Face:** [Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co./models?library=sentence-transformers) |
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|
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### Full Model Architecture |
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|
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``` |
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SentenceTransformer( |
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(0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 8192, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: XLMRobertaModel |
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(1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 1024, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': True, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True}) |
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(2): Normalize() |
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) |
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``` |
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|
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## Usage |
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### Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers) |
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First install the Sentence Transformers library: |
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```bash |
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pip install -U sentence-transformers |
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``` |
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Then you can load this model and run inference. |
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```python |
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from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer |
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# Download from the 🤗 Hub |
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model = SentenceTransformer("JatinkInnovision/snowflake-arctic-embed-l-v2.0_all-nli") |
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# Run inference |
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sentences = [ |
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'A middle-aged man works under the engine of a train on rail tracks.', |
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'A guy is working on a train.', |
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'A guy is driving to work.', |
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] |
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embeddings = model.encode(sentences) |
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print(embeddings.shape) |
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# [3, 1024] |
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# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings |
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similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings) |
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print(similarities.shape) |
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# [3, 3] |
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``` |
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<!-- |
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### Direct Usage (Transformers) |
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<details><summary>Click to see the direct usage in Transformers</summary> |
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</details> |
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--> |
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<!-- |
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### Downstream Usage (Sentence Transformers) |
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You can finetune this model on your own dataset. |
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<details><summary>Click to expand</summary> |
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</details> |
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--> |
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<!-- |
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### Out-of-Scope Use |
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*List how the model may foreseeably be misused and address what users ought not to do with the model.* |
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--> |
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## Evaluation |
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### Metrics |
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#### Triplet |
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* Dataset: `all-nli-test` |
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* Evaluated with [<code>TripletEvaluator</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.evaluation.TripletEvaluator) |
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| Metric | Value | |
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|:--------------------|:-----------| |
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| **cosine_accuracy** | **0.9558** | |
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<!-- |
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## Bias, Risks and Limitations |
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*What are the known or foreseeable issues stemming from this model? You could also flag here known failure cases or weaknesses of the model.* |
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--> |
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<!-- |
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### Recommendations |
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*What are recommendations with respect to the foreseeable issues? For example, filtering explicit content.* |
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--> |
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## Training Details |
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### Training Dataset |
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#### all-nli |
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* Dataset: [all-nli](https://huggingface.co./datasets/sentence-transformers/all-nli) at [d482672](https://huggingface.co./datasets/sentence-transformers/all-nli/tree/d482672c8e74ce18da116f430137434ba2e52fab) |
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* Size: 557,850 training samples |
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* Columns: <code>anchor</code>, <code>positive</code>, and <code>negative</code> |
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* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples: |
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| | anchor | positive | negative | |
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|:--------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |
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| type | string | string | string | |
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| details | <ul><li>min: 7 tokens</li><li>mean: 10.9 tokens</li><li>max: 52 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 6 tokens</li><li>mean: 13.62 tokens</li><li>max: 42 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 5 tokens</li><li>mean: 14.76 tokens</li><li>max: 55 tokens</li></ul> | |
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* Samples: |
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| anchor | positive | negative | |
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|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-------------------------------------------------|:-----------------------------------------------------------| |
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| <code>A person on a horse jumps over a broken down airplane.</code> | <code>A person is outdoors, on a horse.</code> | <code>A person is at a diner, ordering an omelette.</code> | |
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| <code>Children smiling and waving at camera</code> | <code>There are children present</code> | <code>The kids are frowning</code> | |
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| <code>A boy is jumping on skateboard in the middle of a red bridge.</code> | <code>The boy does a skateboarding trick.</code> | <code>The boy skates down the sidewalk.</code> | |
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* Loss: [<code>MultipleNegativesRankingLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#multiplenegativesrankingloss) with these parameters: |
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```json |
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{ |
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"scale": 20.0, |
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"similarity_fct": "cos_sim" |
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} |
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``` |
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|
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### Evaluation Dataset |
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#### all-nli |
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* Dataset: [all-nli](https://huggingface.co./datasets/sentence-transformers/all-nli) at [d482672](https://huggingface.co./datasets/sentence-transformers/all-nli/tree/d482672c8e74ce18da116f430137434ba2e52fab) |
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* Size: 6,584 evaluation samples |
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* Columns: <code>anchor</code>, <code>positive</code>, and <code>negative</code> |
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* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples: |
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| | anchor | positive | negative | |
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|:--------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |
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| type | string | string | string | |
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| details | <ul><li>min: 6 tokens</li><li>mean: 20.31 tokens</li><li>max: 83 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 5 tokens</li><li>mean: 10.71 tokens</li><li>max: 35 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 5 tokens</li><li>mean: 11.39 tokens</li><li>max: 32 tokens</li></ul> | |
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* Samples: |
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| anchor | positive | negative | |
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|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:------------------------------------------------------------|:--------------------------------------------------------| |
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| <code>Two women are embracing while holding to go packages.</code> | <code>Two woman are holding packages.</code> | <code>The men are fighting outside a deli.</code> | |
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| <code>Two young children in blue jerseys, one with the number 9 and one with the number 2 are standing on wooden steps in a bathroom and washing their hands in a sink.</code> | <code>Two kids in numbered jerseys wash their hands.</code> | <code>Two kids in jackets walk to school.</code> | |
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| <code>A man selling donuts to a customer during a world exhibition event held in the city of Angeles</code> | <code>A man selling donuts to a customer.</code> | <code>A woman drinks her coffee in a small cafe.</code> | |
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* Loss: [<code>MultipleNegativesRankingLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#multiplenegativesrankingloss) with these parameters: |
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```json |
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{ |
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"scale": 20.0, |
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"similarity_fct": "cos_sim" |
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} |
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``` |
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### Training Hyperparameters |
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#### Non-Default Hyperparameters |
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- `eval_strategy`: steps |
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- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 50 |
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- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 50 |
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- `num_train_epochs`: 1 |
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- `warmup_ratio`: 0.1 |
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- `fp16`: True |
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- `batch_sampler`: no_duplicates |
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#### All Hyperparameters |
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<details><summary>Click to expand</summary> |
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- `overwrite_output_dir`: False |
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- `do_predict`: False |
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- `eval_strategy`: steps |
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- `prediction_loss_only`: True |
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- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 50 |
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- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 50 |
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- `per_gpu_train_batch_size`: None |
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- `per_gpu_eval_batch_size`: None |
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- `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 1 |
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- `eval_accumulation_steps`: None |
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- `torch_empty_cache_steps`: None |
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- `learning_rate`: 5e-05 |
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- `weight_decay`: 0.0 |
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- `adam_beta1`: 0.9 |
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- `adam_beta2`: 0.999 |
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- `adam_epsilon`: 1e-08 |
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- `max_grad_norm`: 1.0 |
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- `num_train_epochs`: 1 |
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- `max_steps`: -1 |
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- `lr_scheduler_type`: linear |
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- `lr_scheduler_kwargs`: {} |
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- `warmup_ratio`: 0.1 |
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- `warmup_steps`: 0 |
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- `log_level`: passive |
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- `log_level_replica`: warning |
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- `log_on_each_node`: True |
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- `logging_nan_inf_filter`: True |
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- `save_safetensors`: True |
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- `save_on_each_node`: False |
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- `save_only_model`: False |
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- `restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint`: False |
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- `no_cuda`: False |
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- `use_cpu`: False |
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- `use_mps_device`: False |
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- `seed`: 42 |
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- `data_seed`: None |
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- `jit_mode_eval`: False |
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- `use_ipex`: False |
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- `bf16`: False |
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- `fp16`: True |
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- `fp16_opt_level`: O1 |
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- `half_precision_backend`: auto |
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- `bf16_full_eval`: False |
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- `fp16_full_eval`: False |
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- `tf32`: None |
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- `local_rank`: 0 |
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- `ddp_backend`: None |
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- `tpu_num_cores`: None |
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- `tpu_metrics_debug`: False |
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- `debug`: [] |
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- `dataloader_drop_last`: False |
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- `dataloader_num_workers`: 0 |
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- `dataloader_prefetch_factor`: None |
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- `past_index`: -1 |
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- `disable_tqdm`: False |
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- `remove_unused_columns`: True |
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- `label_names`: None |
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- `load_best_model_at_end`: False |
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- `ignore_data_skip`: False |
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- `fsdp`: [] |
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- `fsdp_min_num_params`: 0 |
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- `fsdp_config`: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False} |
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- `fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap`: None |
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- `accelerator_config`: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None} |
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- `deepspeed`: None |
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- `label_smoothing_factor`: 0.0 |
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- `optim`: adamw_torch |
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- `optim_args`: None |
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- `adafactor`: False |
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- `group_by_length`: False |
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- `length_column_name`: length |
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- `ddp_find_unused_parameters`: None |
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- `ddp_bucket_cap_mb`: None |
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- `ddp_broadcast_buffers`: False |
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- `dataloader_pin_memory`: True |
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- `dataloader_persistent_workers`: False |
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- `skip_memory_metrics`: True |
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- `use_legacy_prediction_loop`: False |
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- `push_to_hub`: False |
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- `resume_from_checkpoint`: None |
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- `hub_model_id`: None |
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- `hub_strategy`: every_save |
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- `hub_private_repo`: None |
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- `hub_always_push`: False |
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- `gradient_checkpointing`: False |
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- `gradient_checkpointing_kwargs`: None |
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- `include_inputs_for_metrics`: False |
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- `include_for_metrics`: [] |
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- `eval_do_concat_batches`: True |
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- `fp16_backend`: auto |
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- `push_to_hub_model_id`: None |
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- `push_to_hub_organization`: None |
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- `mp_parameters`: |
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- `auto_find_batch_size`: False |
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- `full_determinism`: False |
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- `torchdynamo`: None |
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- `ray_scope`: last |
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- `ddp_timeout`: 1800 |
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- `torch_compile`: False |
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- `torch_compile_backend`: None |
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- `torch_compile_mode`: None |
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- `dispatch_batches`: None |
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- `split_batches`: None |
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- `include_tokens_per_second`: False |
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- `include_num_input_tokens_seen`: False |
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- `neftune_noise_alpha`: None |
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- `optim_target_modules`: None |
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- `batch_eval_metrics`: False |
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- `eval_on_start`: False |
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- `use_liger_kernel`: False |
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- `eval_use_gather_object`: False |
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- `average_tokens_across_devices`: False |
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- `prompts`: None |
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- `batch_sampler`: no_duplicates |
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- `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: proportional |
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|
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</details> |
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### Training Logs |
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<details><summary>Click to expand</summary> |
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| Epoch | Step | Training Loss | Validation Loss | all-nli-test_cosine_accuracy | |
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|:------:|:-----:|:-------------:|:---------------:|:----------------------------:| |
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| 0.0090 | 100 | 1.8838 | 0.6502 | - | |
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| 0.0179 | 200 | 1.2991 | 0.6177 | - | |
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| 0.0269 | 300 | 1.2721 | 0.6417 | - | |
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| 0.0359 | 400 | 1.2265 | 0.7053 | - | |
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| 0.0448 | 500 | 1.0111 | 0.7147 | - | |
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| 0.0538 | 600 | 1.0491 | 0.7457 | - | |
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| 0.0627 | 700 | 1.0186 | 0.7922 | - | |
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| 0.0717 | 800 | 1.135 | 0.8940 | - | |
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| 0.0807 | 900 | 1.0747 | 0.7007 | - | |
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| 0.0896 | 1000 | 0.9373 | 0.7298 | - | |
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| 0.0986 | 1100 | 0.9572 | 0.6809 | - | |
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| 0.1076 | 1200 | 1.1316 | 0.7260 | - | |
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| 0.1165 | 1300 | 0.9188 | 0.7085 | - | |
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| 0.1255 | 1400 | 0.9554 | 0.6876 | - | |
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| 0.1344 | 1500 | 0.9494 | 0.7492 | - | |
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| 0.1434 | 1600 | 0.811 | 0.7234 | - | |
|
| 0.1524 | 1700 | 0.7766 | 0.6744 | - | |
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| 0.1613 | 1800 | 0.9317 | 0.7178 | - | |
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| 0.1703 | 1900 | 0.9148 | 0.6960 | - | |
|
| 0.1793 | 2000 | 0.8643 | 0.6642 | - | |
|
| 0.1882 | 2100 | 0.7604 | 0.6425 | - | |
|
| 0.1972 | 2200 | 0.776 | 0.6347 | - | |
|
| 0.2061 | 2300 | 0.8286 | 0.6581 | - | |
|
| 0.2151 | 2400 | 0.8946 | 0.5866 | - | |
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| 0.2241 | 2500 | 0.8507 | 0.6845 | - | |
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| 0.2330 | 2600 | 0.7917 | 0.6091 | - | |
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| 0.2420 | 2700 | 0.8192 | 0.7073 | - | |
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| 0.2510 | 2800 | 0.8818 | 0.6584 | - | |
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| 0.2599 | 2900 | 0.8261 | 0.6112 | - | |
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| 0.2689 | 3000 | 0.8017 | 0.6883 | - | |
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| 0.2779 | 3100 | 0.8147 | 0.6450 | - | |
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| 0.2868 | 3200 | 0.8297 | 0.6086 | - | |
|
| 0.2958 | 3300 | 0.7516 | 0.5857 | - | |
|
| 0.3047 | 3400 | 0.8628 | 0.6061 | - | |
|
| 0.3137 | 3500 | 0.7758 | 0.5751 | - | |
|
| 0.3227 | 3600 | 0.7773 | 0.6022 | - | |
|
| 0.3316 | 3700 | 0.7559 | 0.5446 | - | |
|
| 0.3406 | 3800 | 0.796 | 0.5842 | - | |
|
| 0.3496 | 3900 | 0.8295 | 0.5822 | - | |
|
| 0.3585 | 4000 | 0.7292 | 0.5821 | - | |
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| 0.3675 | 4100 | 0.7475 | 0.6358 | - | |
|
| 0.3764 | 4200 | 0.7916 | 0.5688 | - | |
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| 0.3854 | 4300 | 0.7214 | 0.5653 | - | |
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| 0.3944 | 4400 | 0.704 | 0.5564 | - | |
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| 0.4033 | 4500 | 0.7817 | 0.5876 | - | |
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| 0.4123 | 4600 | 0.7549 | 0.5358 | - | |
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| 0.4213 | 4700 | 0.7206 | 0.5785 | - | |
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| 0.4302 | 4800 | 0.7462 | 0.5568 | - | |
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| 0.4392 | 4900 | 0.665 | 0.5765 | - | |
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| 0.4481 | 5000 | 0.7743 | 0.5303 | - | |
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| 0.4571 | 5100 | 0.7055 | 0.5733 | - | |
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| 0.4661 | 5200 | 0.7004 | 0.6280 | - | |
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| 0.4750 | 5300 | 0.7021 | 0.5444 | - | |
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| 0.4840 | 5400 | 0.6858 | 0.5787 | - | |
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| 0.4930 | 5500 | 0.7007 | 0.6124 | - | |
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| 0.5019 | 5600 | 0.6722 | 0.5705 | - | |
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| 0.5109 | 5700 | 0.7124 | 0.5440 | - | |
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| 0.5199 | 5800 | 0.6657 | 0.5262 | - | |
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| 0.5288 | 5900 | 0.6784 | 0.5400 | - | |
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| 0.5378 | 6000 | 0.6644 | 0.5093 | - | |
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| 0.5467 | 6100 | 0.7195 | 0.5453 | - | |
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| 0.5557 | 6200 | 0.6958 | 0.5216 | - | |
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| 0.5647 | 6300 | 0.7202 | 0.5250 | - | |
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| 0.5736 | 6400 | 0.6921 | 0.5089 | - | |
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| 0.5826 | 6500 | 0.6926 | 0.5207 | - | |
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| 0.5916 | 6600 | 0.714 | 0.5084 | - | |
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| 0.6005 | 6700 | 0.6605 | 0.4943 | - | |
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| 0.6095 | 6800 | 0.7222 | 0.5058 | - | |
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| 0.6184 | 6900 | 0.7171 | 0.4950 | - | |
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| 0.6274 | 7000 | 0.6344 | 0.5110 | - | |
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| 0.6364 | 7100 | 0.7057 | 0.5197 | - | |
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| 0.6453 | 7200 | 0.6895 | 0.5096 | - | |
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| 0.6543 | 7300 | 0.7226 | 0.4819 | - | |
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| 0.6633 | 7400 | 0.6725 | 0.4780 | - | |
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| 0.6722 | 7500 | 0.7469 | 0.5145 | - | |
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| 0.6812 | 7600 | 0.7016 | 0.4969 | - | |
|
| 0.6901 | 7700 | 0.6655 | 0.4965 | - | |
|
| 0.6991 | 7800 | 0.7281 | 0.4913 | - | |
|
| 0.7081 | 7900 | 0.6748 | 0.5121 | - | |
|
| 0.7170 | 8000 | 0.6505 | 0.5207 | - | |
|
| 0.7260 | 8100 | 0.6594 | 0.4823 | - | |
|
| 0.7350 | 8200 | 0.7042 | 0.4903 | - | |
|
| 0.7439 | 8300 | 0.6995 | 0.4630 | - | |
|
| 0.7529 | 8400 | 0.634 | 0.4217 | - | |
|
| 0.7619 | 8500 | 0.3772 | 0.3684 | - | |
|
| 0.7708 | 8600 | 0.3416 | 0.3585 | - | |
|
| 0.7798 | 8700 | 0.3113 | 0.3471 | - | |
|
| 0.7887 | 8800 | 0.2793 | 0.3379 | - | |
|
| 0.7977 | 8900 | 0.2577 | 0.3349 | - | |
|
| 0.8067 | 9000 | 0.249 | 0.3320 | - | |
|
| 0.8156 | 9100 | 0.2191 | 0.3290 | - | |
|
| 0.8246 | 9200 | 0.2492 | 0.3255 | - | |
|
| 0.8336 | 9300 | 0.2464 | 0.3258 | - | |
|
| 0.8425 | 9400 | 0.2288 | 0.3247 | - | |
|
| 0.8515 | 9500 | 0.2132 | 0.3248 | - | |
|
| 0.8604 | 9600 | 0.2173 | 0.3259 | - | |
|
| 0.8694 | 9700 | 0.2008 | 0.3223 | - | |
|
| 0.8784 | 9800 | 0.2016 | 0.3219 | - | |
|
| 0.8873 | 9900 | 0.1962 | 0.3195 | - | |
|
| 0.8963 | 10000 | 0.1952 | 0.3185 | - | |
|
| 0.9053 | 10100 | 0.1959 | 0.3158 | - | |
|
| 0.9142 | 10200 | 0.2002 | 0.3138 | - | |
|
| 0.9232 | 10300 | 0.1882 | 0.3150 | - | |
|
| 0.9322 | 10400 | 0.1856 | 0.3124 | - | |
|
| 0.9411 | 10500 | 0.1971 | 0.3143 | - | |
|
| 0.9501 | 10600 | 0.1918 | 0.3137 | - | |
|
| 0.9590 | 10700 | 0.1825 | 0.3147 | - | |
|
| 0.9680 | 10800 | 0.1762 | 0.3155 | - | |
|
| 0.9770 | 10900 | 0.1778 | 0.3139 | - | |
|
| 0.9859 | 11000 | 0.1659 | 0.3138 | - | |
|
| 0.9949 | 11100 | 0.1848 | 0.3131 | - | |
|
| 1.0 | 11157 | - | - | 0.9558 | |
|
|
|
</details> |
|
|
|
### Framework Versions |
|
- Python: 3.10.12 |
|
- Sentence Transformers: 3.3.1 |
|
- Transformers: 4.47.1 |
|
- PyTorch: 2.5.1+cu121 |
|
- Accelerate: 1.2.1 |
|
- Datasets: 3.2.0 |
|
- Tokenizers: 0.21.0 |
|
|
|
## Citation |
|
|
|
### BibTeX |
|
|
|
#### Sentence Transformers |
|
```bibtex |
|
@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert, |
|
title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks", |
|
author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna", |
|
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing", |
|
month = "11", |
|
year = "2019", |
|
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics", |
|
url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084", |
|
} |
|
``` |
|
|
|
#### MultipleNegativesRankingLoss |
|
```bibtex |
|
@misc{henderson2017efficient, |
|
title={Efficient Natural Language Response Suggestion for Smart Reply}, |
|
author={Matthew Henderson and Rami Al-Rfou and Brian Strope and Yun-hsuan Sung and Laszlo Lukacs and Ruiqi Guo and Sanjiv Kumar and Balint Miklos and Ray Kurzweil}, |
|
year={2017}, |
|
eprint={1705.00652}, |
|
archivePrefix={arXiv}, |
|
primaryClass={cs.CL} |
|
} |
|
``` |
|
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