### Question: Describe the physical and economic landscape of the jurisdiction as outlined in the plan. Include the name of the planning jurisdiction, its location, population, demographics, and average income. Include major geographic features such as mountains, rivers, deserts, and coastline, as well as any key infrastructure like airports or seaports. Highlight details about the local climate, including any mentions of aridity or water challenges. Additionally, summarize the city’s energy production (oil, gas, renewables) and natural resources, and provide information about industries and economic drivers that are crucial to the region.
**Answer:**
The plan does not provide a comprehensive description of the physical and economic landscape of the planning jurisdiction, including specific details about its location, population, demographics, average income, geographic features, key infrastructure, or local climate characteristics such as aridity or water challenges. Furthermore, specifics about the city's energy production, natural resources, or industries and economic drivers are not detailed in the provided content. However, some insights related to energy and economic initiatives can be inferred from the actions and objectives listed in the plan elements.

### **Energy and Economic Initiatives**

- **Energy Initiatives:**
  - The plan mentions a goal to transition 25% of municipal energy usage to renewable sources by 2020, with a pathway towards 100% renewable energy use by 2028. There is also a partnership with Indianapolis Power & Light Company (IPL) to develop a roadmap to source 100% of the community's energy with renewables by 2050. (_EN:1A, EN:1B_)
  - Efforts to make the energy grid more resilient through the use of microgrids and increased efficiency are highlighted. For example, there is a plan to pilot a microgrid or self-contained power system in an area of greatest need. (_EN:2A_)

- **Economic Initiatives:**
  - The plan emphasizes developing green job opportunities and training programs for Indianapolis youth and re-entry populations, in collaboration with workforce development partners. (_EC:1B, EC:2B_)
  - Another focus is on local hiring, contracting, and procurement policies to ensure economic opportunities are accessible to nearby communities. (_EC:2A_)

### **Natural Resources:**

- **Green Spaces and Tree Planting:**
  - The plan includes actions to increase green spaces to improve stormwater infiltration and to plant 30,000 additional native trees by 2025 to increase canopy and mitigate against the urban heat island effect. (_NR:1B, NR:1D_)

Overall, while the plan outlines several energy and economic initiatives, it does not provide detailed demographic, geographic, or economic landscape data for Indianapolis.

### Question: To what extent does the plan address resilience, mitigation, and adaptation? After providing a brief summary of how it addresses each component, classify the plan as a whole as one of the following: mitigation dedicated, adaptation/resilience dedicated, mitigation only climate action plan, mitigation primary climate action plan, equal mitigation and adaptation climate action plan, or sustainable/green plan.
**Answer:**
**Resilience**

The plan addresses resilience by focusing on building community resilience through public health and safety measures, infrastructure improvements, and equitable policy implementation. The goal is to increase community resilience by prioritizing equity in policy, planning, and project implementation. Specific actions include:

- **"Increase the number of residents with emergency preparedness resources and training in our most vulnerable neighborhoods based on the 2018 Vulnerability Assessment before 2022."** (Public Health & Safety Objective 2)
- **"Pilot the city’s first energy resource center with physical, web, and mobile resources, acting as a resilience hub for the neighborhood before 2021."** (Public Health & Safety Objective 2)
- **"All new infrastructure is designed, built, and maintained to be resilient to the anticipated impacts of climate change."** (Built Environment Objective 2)

**Mitigation**

The plan has a strong mitigation component, aiming to achieve net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2050. It includes various actions to reduce emissions and improve energy efficiency. Key initiatives include:

- **"Develop an energy benchmarking and disclosure policy for municipal and commercial buildings with the first-year disclosure completed by the end of 2020."** (Built Environment Objective 1)
- **"Require all new commercial construction to meet electric vehicle (EV) readiness requirements for 20% of parking spaces by 2020."** (Built Environment Objective 1)
- **"Increase transit-oriented development through high-density housing, access to employment opportunities, and economic growth with measurably less consumption of energy."** (Transportation & Land Use)

**Adaptation**

Adaptation is addressed by integrating climate change projections into capital projects and improving stormwater management. Specific actions include:

- **"Systematically integrate climate change projections into all future capital projects by 2020, ensuring new infrastructure can withstand current and projected impacts."** (Built Environment Objective 2)
- **"Improve onsite stormwater retention programs by incentivizing rain barrels, rain gardens, and green roofs."** (Built Environment Objective 2)

**Classification**

Given the comprehensive approach that incorporates resilience, mitigation, and adaptation measures, the plan can be classified as an **equal mitigation and adaptation climate action plan**. It addresses both reducing greenhouse gas emissions and preparing for climate impacts with a balanced focus on both fronts.

### Question: Does the plan describe a scenario of climate change the planning jurisdiction will face and for which it is planning climate policies for resilience, mitigation, and adaptation? If so, please summarize any such scenario.
**Answer:**
Yes, the plan describes a scenario of climate change that the planning jurisdiction, Indianapolis, will face and for which it is planning climate policies for resilience, mitigation, and adaptation.

**Scenario Description:**

- The plan acknowledges that "as GHGs rise so do the number and the intensity of extreme weather events, such as torrential rains that contribute to flooding and destroy homes and infrastructure." 
- There is a recognition of "temperature increases" which "can contribute to poor air quality and negatively impact the health of the people of Indianapolis, specifically the young, older adults and those with existing asthma or other respiratory issues."
- It is stated that "even if everyone on Earth stopped emitting all greenhouse gases today, there would still be some change that we have already set in motion, due to the lifespan of these gases in the atmosphere." This highlights the inevitability of certain climate impacts and the need for preparedness.

**Planning for Resilience, Mitigation, and Adaptation:**

- The plan emphasizes the importance of taking actions to "reduce greenhouse gas emissions while also preparing for the impacts."
- It aims to ensure that the city is "prepared for and resilient to the changes we are experiencing."
- The plan includes objectives such as achieving "net zero GHG emissions by 2050" and increasing "community resilience by prioritizing equity in policy, planning and project implementation."

The plan outlines specific actions, such as developing infrastructure resilient to climate impacts, enhancing public health and safety, and integrating climate change projections into capital projects, to address these scenarios.

### Question: What climate hazards does the plan identify as presenting climate risks for the planning jurisdiction? For each identified climate hazard, summarize the plan’s description of: 1. The climate hazard. 2. The climate risks it poses to the planning jurisdiction. 3. Areas or populations with the most climate vulnerability to the identified climate hazard.Generate a numbered list of every hazard identified in the plan. Make the list as long as necessary to accomodate every single hazard.
**Answer:**
1. **Extreme Heat**
   - **The climate hazard:** "Heat is the number one weather-related killer." 
   - **The climate risks it poses:** "Temperature increases can contribute to poor air quality and negatively impact the health of the people of Indianapolis, specifically the young, older adults and those with existing asthma or other respiratory issues."
   - **Areas or populations with the most climate vulnerability:** "Those areas outlined in purple with the reddish orange background are priority areas for enhancing community resilience," indicating areas with high temperatures and social vulnerability. Vulnerable populations include "the young, older adults and those with existing asthma or other respiratory issues." (Thrive Indianapolis)

2. **Flooding**
   - **The climate hazard:** "Torrential rains that contribute to flooding."
   - **The climate risks it poses:** These rains "destroy homes and infrastructure."
   - **Areas or populations with the most climate vulnerability:** Vulnerable populations will have a reduced ability to respond to these projected impacts, as identified by the "Social Vulnerability Index developed for the Climate & Hazard Vulnerability Assessment." (Thrive Indianapolis)

These hazards highlight the severe weather-related challenges faced by the planning jurisdiction, with particular emphasis on the impacts of extreme heat and flooding.

### Question: What resilience options are identified in the plan? For each option, summarize: 1. The specific climate threat it addresses; 2. Details on cost, timeframe, and location, including any references found in tables, charts, or images that might contain this data; 3. Other important attributes, such as economic, environmental, or infrastructural considerations.
**Answer:**
**Resilience Options Identified in the Plan**

1. **Integration of Climate Change Projections into Capital Projects**

   - **Climate Threat Addressed:** This option addresses the threat of infrastructure being unable to withstand current and projected climate impacts.
   - **Details on Cost, Timeframe, and Location:**
     - **Cost:** Not explicitly stated in the provided text.
     - **Timeframe:** To be systematically integrated by 2020.
     - **Location:** Applies to all future capital projects.
   - **Other Attributes:** This option is intended to ensure that new infrastructure is resilient to anticipated climate impacts, enhancing the resilience of the built environment. (*Built Environment Objective 2, BE:2A*)

2. **Stormwater Retention Programs**

   - **Climate Threat Addressed:** Improves resilience against flooding and stormwater runoff issues.
   - **Details on Cost, Timeframe, and Location:**
     - **Cost:** Not explicitly stated in the provided text.
     - **Timeframe:** To register 500 properties by 2022.
     - **Location:** Applies to residential and nonresidential properties.
   - **Other Attributes:** Encourages the use of rain barrels, rain gardens, and green roofs to manage stormwater. This program is also part of a stormwater credit initiative. (*Built Environment Objective 2, BE:2B*)

3. **Increased Street Sweeping Operations**

   - **Climate Threat Addressed:** Addresses stormwater drainage issues.
   - **Details on Cost, Timeframe, and Location:**
     - **Cost:** Not explicitly stated in the provided text.
     - **Timeframe:** Not explicitly stated in the provided text.
     - **Location:** Throughout the county.
   - **Other Attributes:** This action helps improve stormwater drainage, enhancing resilience to flooding. (*Built Environment Objective 2, BE:2D*)

4. **Emergency Preparedness Resources and Training**

   - **Climate Threat Addressed:** Enhances preparedness for crises, such as extreme weather events.
   - **Details on Cost, Timeframe, and Location:**
     - **Cost:** Not explicitly stated in the provided text.
     - **Timeframe:** To be deployed in vulnerable neighborhoods by 2022.
     - **Location:** Targeted at the most vulnerable neighborhoods based on the 2018 Vulnerability Assessment.
   - **Other Attributes:** Focuses on increasing the number of residents with emergency preparedness resources and training. (*Public Health & Safety Objective 2, PH:2A*)

5. **Coordinated Preparedness Campaign**

   - **Climate Threat Addressed:** Increases community resilience against crises, including natural disasters.
   - **Details on Cost, Timeframe, and Location:**
     - **Cost:** Not explicitly stated in the provided text.
     - **Timeframe:** To be launched by 2022.
     - **Location:** City-wide campaign.
   - **Other Attributes:** Encourages residents to take actions to better protect themselves, based on the 2018 Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan recommendations. (*Public Health & Safety Objective 2, PH:2B*)

6. **Energy Resource Center as a Resilience Hub**

   - **Climate Threat Addressed:** Provides resources and information to enhance resilience against natural disasters and other hazards.
   - **Details on Cost, Timeframe, and Location:**
     - **Cost:** Not explicitly stated in the provided text.
     - **Timeframe:** To be piloted before 2021.
     - **Location:** Targeted neighborhood.
   - **Other Attributes:** Offers physical, web, and mobile resources for residents. (*Public Health & Safety Objective 2, PH:2C*)

7. **Workforce Preparedness Training Programs**

   - **Climate Threat Addressed:** Facilitates rapid restoration of city services post-crisis.
   - **Details on Cost, Timeframe, and Location:**
     - **Cost:** Not explicitly stated in the provided text.
     - **Timeframe:** Expand opportunities before 2022.
     - **Location:** City-wide.
   - **Other Attributes:** Includes climate change information for physicians and public health providers. (*Public Health & Safety Objective 2, PH:2D*)

Each of these resilience options is designed to address specific climate threats, with a focus on infrastructure, public health, and environmental considerations. The plan emphasizes equitable implementation, considering socially vulnerable populations and existing local stressors.

### Question: What mitigation options does the plan identify? For each identified mitigation option, summarize the information provided in the plan regarding cost, timing, location, and other important attributes.
**Answer:**
The plan identifies several mitigation options. Here is a summary of each, including cost, timing, location, and other important attributes:

1. **Energy Benchmarking and Disclosure Policy**
   - **Cost**: Not explicitly mentioned, but associated with program implementation costs.
   - **Timing**: First-year disclosure to be completed by the end of 2020.
   - **Location**: Applies to municipal and commercial buildings.
   - **Attributes**: Develops a policy for energy benchmarking and disclosure to improve energy efficiency. (*Built Environment Objective 1, BE:1A*)

2. **Electric Vehicle (EV) Readiness Requirements**
   - **Cost**: Not explicitly mentioned, but associated with program implementation costs.
   - **Timing**: By 2020.
   - **Location**: All new commercial construction.
   - **Attributes**: Requires 20% of parking spaces to meet EV readiness requirements, aiming to increase charging infrastructure at businesses and workplaces. (*Built Environment Objective 1, BE:1B*)

3. **Low-Interest Loans for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Improvements**
   - **Cost**: Associated with capital cost and program implementation.
   - **Timing**: Ongoing.
   - **Location**: New and existing buildings.
   - **Attributes**: Establishes a revolving loan fund from various financing sources to support energy efficiency and renewable energy improvements. (*Built Environment Objective 1, BE:1C*)

4. **Increase Electric Vehicle (EV) Ownership**
   - **Cost**: Not explicitly mentioned, but associated with implementation and educational costs.
   - **Timing**: By 2025, from a 2017 baseline.
   - **Location**: Community-wide.
   - **Attributes**: Aims to increase EV ownership by 300%, create educational resources, identify charging locations, and launch corporate challenges. (*Transportation & Land Use Objective 2, TL:2A*)

5. **Reduce Burning of Gasoline and Diesel**
   - **Cost**: Not explicitly mentioned, but associated with program implementation costs.
   - **Timing**: By 2022.
   - **Location**: Community-wide.
   - **Attributes**: Increases use of transportation alternatives and promotes idling reduction programs through the Indy Moves Plan. (*Natural Resources Objective 2, NR:2C*)

6. **Energy Efficiency Programs for Low-Income Households**
   - **Cost**: Not explicitly mentioned.
   - **Timing**: Ongoing.
   - **Location**: Focus on low-income households.
   - **Attributes**: Identifies and eliminates barriers to participation in energy efficiency programs. (*Energy Objective 2, EN:2C*)

Each mitigation option is designed to contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving energy efficiency within the planning jurisdiction.

### Question: What mitigation options does the plan identify? For each identified mitigation option, summarize the information provided in the plan regarding cost, timeframe, location, and other important attributes.
**Answer:**
The plan identifies several **mitigation options** aimed at reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and improving energy efficiency. Below is a summary of the information provided regarding each option, including cost, timeframe, and other important attributes:

### Built Environment

- **Energy Benchmarking and Disclosure Policy**
  - **Cost:** Not explicitly mentioned
  - **Timeframe:** First-year disclosure completed by the end of 2020
  - **Important Attributes:** Aims to increase energy and water efficiency in municipal and commercial buildings.
  - **Citation:** *BE:1A*

- **Electric Vehicle (EV) Readiness Requirements**
  - **Cost:** Not explicitly mentioned
  - **Timeframe:** Requirements for 20% of parking spaces by 2020
  - **Important Attributes:** Aims to significantly increase EV charging infrastructure at businesses and workplaces.
  - **Citation:** *BE:1B*

- **Low-Interest Loans for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Improvements**
  - **Cost:** Not explicitly mentioned
  - **Timeframe:** Ongoing
  - **Important Attributes:** Sustained by a revolving loan fund from a combination of financing sources.
  - **Citation:** *BE:1C*

### Transportation & Land Use

- **Increase Electric Vehicle (EV) Ownership**
  - **Cost:** Not explicitly mentioned
  - **Timeframe:** By 2025, with a 300% increase from the 2017 baseline
  - **Important Attributes:** Includes creating local EV educational resources, piloting low-cost EV parking, and launching an EV corporate fleet challenge.
  - **Citation:** *TL:2A*

### Energy

- **Pilot a Microgrid or Self-Contained Power System**
  - **Cost:** Not explicitly mentioned
  - **Timeframe:** In partnership with IPL, no specific end date
  - **Important Attributes:** Targeted for areas of greatest need to enhance energy resilience.
  - **Citation:** *EN:2A*

- **Pilot the City’s First Energy Resource Center**
  - **Cost:** Not explicitly mentioned
  - **Timeframe:** By 2020
  - **Important Attributes:** Acts as a resilience hub providing information on energy efficiency incentives and rebates.
  - **Citation:** *EN:2B*

### Natural Resources

- **Promote Initiatives for Water Conservation**
  - **Cost:** Not explicitly mentioned
  - **Timeframe:** 1,000 participating businesses by 2022
  - **Important Attributes:** Part of the Energy Benchmarking program to improve water conservation.
  - **Citation:** *NR:2D*

These mitigation options are part of broader efforts to achieve the overarching goal of net zero GHG emissions by 2050, as stated in the plan.

### Question: What adaptation options does the plan identify? For each identified adaptation option, summarize: 1. The climate threat it is addressing. 2. Information provided in the plan regarding cost, timeframe, location, and other important attributes.
**Answer:**
**Adaptation Options Identified in the Plan:**

1. **Systematically integrate climate change projections into all future capital projects by 2020.**
   - **Climate Threat Addressed:** This option addresses the threat of infrastructure vulnerability due to climate change impacts.
   - **Plan Information:** 
     - **Cost:** Not explicitly stated, but categorized under capital costs and program implementation ($$).
     - **Timeframe:** By 2020.
     - **Location:** All future capital projects.
     - **Other Attributes:** Ensures new infrastructure can withstand current and projected impacts. (*Built Environment Objective 2, BE:2A*)

2. **Improve onsite stormwater retention programs by incentivizing rain barrels, rain gardens, and green roofs.**
   - **Climate Threat Addressed:** This option addresses the threat of stormwater management challenges due to increased rainfall and flooding.
   - **Plan Information:**
     - **Cost:** Not explicitly stated, but categorized under capital costs and program implementation ($$).
     - **Timeframe:** Register 500 properties by 2022.
     - **Location:** Residential and nonresidential properties.
     - **Other Attributes:** Part of the stormwater credit program. (*Built Environment Objective 2, BE:2B*)

3. **Increase street sweeping operations throughout the county to improve stormwater drainage.**
   - **Climate Threat Addressed:** This option addresses the threat of flooding due to inadequate stormwater drainage.
   - **Plan Information:**
     - **Cost:** Not explicitly stated, but categorized under capital costs and program implementation ($$).
     - **Timeframe:** Not explicitly stated.
     - **Location:** Throughout the county.
     - **Other Attributes:** Aims to enhance stormwater management. (*Built Environment Objective 2, BE:2D*)

4. **Expand workforce preparedness training opportunities and programs including climate change information for physicians and other public health providers.**
   - **Climate Threat Addressed:** This option addresses the threat of public health impacts from climate change.
   - **Plan Information:**
     - **Cost:** Not explicitly stated, but categorized under capital costs and program implementation ($$).
     - **Timeframe:** Before 2022.
     - **Location:** Citywide.
     - **Other Attributes:** Aims to quickly restore essential city services after a crisis. (*Public Health & Safety Objective 2, PH:2D*)

5. **Pilot the city’s first energy resource center with physical, web, and mobile resources, acting as a resilience hub for the neighborhood before 2021.**
   - **Climate Threat Addressed:** This option addresses the threat of energy insecurity during climate-related events.
   - **Plan Information:**
     - **Cost:** Not explicitly stated, but categorized under capital costs and program implementation ($).
     - **Timeframe:** Before 2021.
     - **Location:** Neighborhood level.
     - **Other Attributes:** Provides information to better prepare residents for natural disasters and other hazards. (*Public Health & Safety Objective 2, PH:2C*)

6. **Develop a more robust stormwater and water quality education program by 2022.**
   - **Climate Threat Addressed:** This option addresses the threat of water quality degradation due to stormwater runoff.
   - **Plan Information:**
     - **Cost:** Not explicitly stated, but categorized under capital costs and program implementation ($).
     - **Timeframe:** By 2022.
     - **Location:** Citywide.
     - **Other Attributes:** Addresses chemicals in landscaping. (*Natural Resources, NR:2C*)

7. **Pilot a microgrid or self-contained power system in an area of greatest need.**
   - **Climate Threat Addressed:** This option addresses the threat of power outages during climate-related events.
   - **Plan Information:**
     - **Cost:** Not explicitly stated, but categorized under capital costs and program implementation ($$).
     - **Timeframe:** Not explicitly stated.
     - **Location:** Area of greatest need.
     - **Other Attributes:** Enhances energy grid resilience. (*Energy, EN:2A*)

### Question: What climate policies does the plan identify to advance climate justice? For each climate policy, summarize: 1. The climate threat it is addressing. 2. Areas or populations with the most climate vulnerability to the identified climate hazard.
**Answer:**
**Climate Policy 1: Equitable Engagement Process**

1. **Climate Threat Addressed:** The plan addresses the need to enhance personal resilience against climate change impacts, particularly for those facing chronic stressors such as poverty, homelessness, and poor air quality.
   
2. **Areas or Populations with Vulnerability:** The plan focuses on communities historically underrepresented and affected by inequities, disparities, and environmental injustices, including those living below the federal poverty level, experiencing homelessness, and residing in high-crime neighborhoods. (*Thrive Indianapolis*)

**Climate Policy 2: Social Vulnerability Index**

1. **Climate Threat Addressed:** The plan addresses vulnerability to climate impacts, including high temperatures and flooding, by using a Social Vulnerability Index to identify neighborhoods with the greatest need for improvements.
   
2. **Areas or Populations with Vulnerability:** The Index highlights areas with high densities of people living below the poverty level, older adults, youth, households without vehicles, people with disabilities, limited English proficiency, renters, and other socio-economic factors. (*SOCIAL VULNERABILITY18*)

**Climate Policy 3: Resilience through Public Health & Safety Measures**

1. **Climate Threat Addressed:** The plan addresses public health and safety threats exacerbated by climate change, such as extreme weather events and heat-related illnesses.
   
2. **Areas or Populations with Vulnerability:** It prioritizes increasing resilience in communities identified as most vulnerable, based on assessments like the 2018 Vulnerability Assessment. (*PUBLIC HEALTH & SAFETY*)

**Climate Policy 4: Green Spaces and Tree Planting**

1. **Climate Threat Addressed:** The plan addresses the urban heat island effect and stormwater runoff by expanding green spaces and tree canopy.
   
2. **Areas or Populations with Vulnerability:** The focus is on neighborhoods most in need of increased green cover to mitigate heat and flooding impacts. (*NATURAL RESOURCES*)

These policies collectively aim to address climate justice by prioritizing equitable measures and support for vulnerable populations affected by climate threats.

### Question: Identify any potential unforeseen maladaptive climate policies. For each identified climate policy, summarize: 1. The climate threat it is addressing. 2. The resilience, mitigation, or adaptation option that the climate policy proposes. 3. Why it may cause inadvertent maladaption.
**Answer:**
Based on the provided document, here are potential unforeseen maladaptive climate policies:

1. **Policy: Improve onsite stormwater retention programs by incentivizing rain barrels, rain gardens, and green roofs.**

   - **Climate Threat Addressed:** This policy addresses the threat of increased stormwater runoff due to extreme weather events and flooding, which can be exacerbated by climate change.
   
   - **Resilience, Mitigation, or Adaptation Option:** This is an adaptation option aimed at enhancing resilience by improving stormwater management and retention at the site level (BUILT ENVIRONMENT BE:2B).
   
   - **Potential Maladaptation Reason:** While the policy seeks to improve stormwater management, it may inadvertently lead to maladaptation if these systems are not properly maintained or designed for the specific local climate conditions. Improperly maintained green infrastructure could fail during extreme events, leading to increased flooding risk rather than mitigating it.

2. **Policy: Require all new commercial construction to meet electric vehicle (EV) readiness requirements for 20% of parking spaces by 2020.**

   - **Climate Threat Addressed:** This policy addresses the threat of greenhouse gas emissions from transportation, aiming to reduce emissions by promoting electric vehicle use.
   
   - **Resilience, Mitigation, or Adaptation Option:** This is a mitigation option focused on reducing GHG emissions by supporting the transition to electric vehicles (BUILT ENVIRONMENT BE:1B).
   
   - **Potential Maladaptation Reason:** If the transition to electric vehicles outpaces the development of renewable energy sources, the increased demand for electricity could lead to greater reliance on fossil fuels, thereby offsetting the intended reduction in GHG emissions. Additionally, if not equitably implemented, it may disproportionately benefit higher-income groups who can afford EVs, exacerbating social inequities.

3. **Policy: Increase street sweeping operations throughout the county to improve stormwater drainage.**

   - **Climate Threat Addressed:** This policy targets the threat of clogged drainage systems leading to urban flooding, which is anticipated to increase with climate change.
   
   - **Resilience, Mitigation, or Adaptation Option:** This is a resilience option intended to enhance the effectiveness of stormwater drainage systems (BUILT ENVIRONMENT BE:2D).
   
   - **Potential Maladaptation Reason:** Increased street sweeping may lead to maladaptation if it primarily focuses on central areas while neglecting peripheral neighborhoods, potentially increasing the vulnerability of those areas to flooding. Additionally, if not managed sustainably, it could lead to higher operational costs and resource use, impacting long-term sustainability.

These policies, while well-intentioned, highlight the complex nature of climate adaptation and mitigation efforts and the need for careful planning and implementation to avoid unintended negative consequences.

### Question: In what ways does the plan measure the success or failure of each adaptation, resilience, and mitigation option? List any specific metrics used, such as reductions in CO2 emissions, improvements in air quality, or other quantifiable impacts. Identify the exact units (e.g., tons, percentages, index values) mentioned in the plan for tracking these outcomes. Additionally, outline any concrete goals or targets set for each option, including deadlines or specific numerical objectives.
**Answer:**
### Built Environment

**Metrics and Targets:**

- **GHG emissions from buildings:** 
  - **Baseline:** 9,638,165 mtCO2e (2016)
  - **Target:** 7,710,532 mtCO2e (2025)
  - *"Indianapolis was able to make a 17% reduction in its GHG emissions from buildings from 2010 to 2016, primarily due to the conversion of two coal plants and a coal-powered steam plant to natural gas and implementation of energy efficiency measures."*

- **Total building energy use:**
  - **Baseline:** 88,509,707 MMBTU (2016)
  - **Target:** 70,807,766 MMBTU (2025)

- **% Impervious Area:**
  - **Baseline:** 20.3% (2013)
  - **Target:** 22.6% (2018)

### Waste & Recycling

**Metrics and Targets:**

- **Total GHG emissions from the waste sector:**
  - **Baseline:** 44,794 MTCO2e (2016)
  - **Target:** 35,835 MTCO2e (2025)

- **Total tons of material recycled:**
  - **Baseline:** 16,696 (2016)
  - **Target:** 13,336 (2025)

### Natural Resources

**Metrics and Targets:**

- **# of days not meeting National Air Quality Standards:**
  - **Baseline:** 7 days (2017)
  - **Target:** 5 days (2025)

- **% of samples exceeding Indiana Water Quality Standards for E.coli:**
  - **Baseline:** 86% (2018)
  - **Target:** 40% (2025)

### Energy

**Metrics and Targets:**

- **% of municipal energy use from renewable energy sources:**
  - **Baseline:** 8% (2016)
  - **Target:** 75% (2025)

- **% renewable energy generation:**
  - **Baseline:** 7% (2016)
  - **Target:** 25% (2025)

- **GHG emissions from energy generation within Indianapolis:**
  - **Baseline:** 1,291,888 mtCO2e (2016)
  - **Target:** 26% reduction

### Transportation & Land Use

**Metrics and Targets:**

- **% of commuters who drive alone:**
  - **Baseline:** 85% (2013)
  - **Target:** 75%

- **Miles of bike lanes:**
  - **Baseline:** 760 miles
  - **Target:** Increase by 2025

- **# of EVs registered in Indianapolis:**
  - **Baseline:** 3,040 (2017)
  - **Target:** 10,473

- **Total GHG emissions from the transportation sector:**
  - **Baseline:** 4,947,294 MTCO2e (2016)
  - **Target:** 3,957,835 MTCO2e (2025)

### Public Health & Safety

**Metrics and Targets:**

- **# of annual days air quality impacts vulnerable populations:**
  - **Baseline:** 12 days (2016)
  - **Target:** 6 days (2025)

- **% of adults who are overweight or obese:**
  - **Baseline:** 67% (2012)
  - **Target:** 62% (2025)

- **% of children who are active at least 60 minutes per day:**
  - **Baseline:** 78.3% (2016)
  - **Target:** 86.1% (2025)

- **% of residents with health insurance:**
  - **Baseline:** 86.1% (2016)
  - **Target:** 100% (2025)

These metrics and targets provide a structured way to measure the success or failure of adaptation, resilience, and mitigation options outlined in the plan.

### Question: Generate a table that summarizes the following features from the document: Location/City Name, Population, Threats Identified, Measures Identified
**Answer:**
```markdown
| Feature            | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
|--------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| **Location/City Name** | Indianapolis                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
| **Population**        | The plan mentions "despite the total population growing approximately 4% from 2010 to 2016" but does not specify the exact current population figure.                                                                                 |
| **Threats Identified** | - "As GHGs rise so do the number and the intensity of extreme weather events, such as torrential rains that contribute to flooding and destroy homes and infrastructure." <br> - "Temperature increases can contribute to poor air quality and negatively impact the health of the people of Indianapolis, specifically the young, older adults and those with existing asthma or other respiratory issues." |
| **Measures Identified**| - "Achieve net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2050." <br> - "Increase community resilience by prioritizing equity in policy, planning and project implementation." <br> - "Pilot the city’s first energy resource center with physical, web and mobile resources, acting as a resilience hub for the neighborhood before 2021." <br> - "Expand workforce preparedness training opportunities and programs including climate change information for physicians and other public health providers, to quickly restore essential city services after a crisis before 2022." |
```