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//! The `bing` module handles the scraping of results from the bing search engine
//! by querying the upstream bing search engine with user provided query and with a page
//! number if provided.
use std::collections::HashMap;
use regex::Regex;
use reqwest::header::HeaderMap;
use reqwest::Client;
use scraper::Html;
use crate::models::aggregation_models::SearchResult;
use crate::models::engine_models::{EngineError, SearchEngine};
use error_stack::{Report, Result, ResultExt};
use super::search_result_parser::SearchResultParser;
/// A new Bing engine type defined in-order to implement the `SearchEngine` trait which allows to
/// reduce code duplication as well as allows to create vector of different search engines easily.
pub struct Bing {
/// The parser, used to interpret the search result.
parser: SearchResultParser,
}
impl Bing {
/// Creates the Bing parser.
pub fn new() -> Result<Self, EngineError> {
Ok(Self {
parser: SearchResultParser::new(
".b_results",
".b_algo",
"h2 a",
".tpcn a.tilk",
".b_caption p",
)?,
})
}
}
#[async_trait::async_trait]
impl SearchEngine for Bing {
async fn results(
&self,
query: &str,
page: u32,
user_agent: &str,
client: &Client,
_safe_search: u8,
) -> Result<HashMap<String, SearchResult>, EngineError> {
// Bing uses `start results from this number` convention
// So, for 10 results per page, page 0 starts at 1, page 1
// starts at 11, and so on.
let results_per_page = 10;
let start_result = results_per_page * page + 1;
let url: String = match page {
0 => {
format!("https://www.bing.com/search?q={query}")
}
_ => {
format!("https://www.bing.com/search?q={query}&first={start_result}")
}
};
let query_params: Vec<(&str, &str)> = vec![
("_EDGE_V", "1"),
("SRCHD=AF", "NOFORM"),
("_Rwho=u", "d"),
("bngps=s", "0"),
("_UR=QS=0&TQS", "0"),
("_UR=QS=0&TQS", "0"),
];
let mut cookie_string = String::new();
for (k, v) in &query_params {
cookie_string.push_str(&format!("{k}={v}; "));
}
let header_map = HeaderMap::try_from(&HashMap::from([
("USER_AGENT".to_string(), user_agent.to_string()),
("REFERER".to_string(), "https://google.com/".to_string()),
(
"CONTENT_TYPE".to_string(),
"application/x-www-form-urlencoded".to_string(),
),
("COOKIE".to_string(), cookie_string),
]))
.change_context(EngineError::UnexpectedError)?;
let document: Html = Html::parse_document(
&Bing::fetch_html_from_upstream(self, &url, header_map, client).await?,
);
// Bing is very aggressive in finding matches
// even with the most absurd of queries. ".b_algo" is the
// class for the list item of results
if let Some(no_result_msg) = self.parser.parse_for_no_results(&document).nth(0) {
if no_result_msg
.value()
.attr("class")
.map(|classes| classes.contains("b_algo"))
.unwrap_or(false)
{
return Err(Report::new(EngineError::EmptyResultSet));
}
}
let re_span = Regex::new(r#"<span.*?>.*?(?:</span> ·|</span>)"#).unwrap();
let re_strong = Regex::new(r#"(<strong>|</strong>)"#).unwrap();
// scrape all the results from the html
self.parser
.parse_for_results(&document, |title, url, desc| {
Some(SearchResult::new(
&re_strong.replace_all(title.inner_html().trim(), ""),
url.value().attr("href").unwrap(),
&re_span.replace_all(desc.inner_html().trim(), ""),
&["bing"],
))
})
}
}
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