# Copyright (c) OpenMMLab. All rights reserved. from copy import deepcopy from typing import Sequence import numpy as np import torch import torch.nn as nn from mmcv.cnn import build_norm_layer from mmcv.cnn.bricks.transformer import FFN from mmengine.model import BaseModule, ModuleList from mmengine.model.weight_init import trunc_normal_ from mmcls.registry import MODELS from ..utils import MultiheadAttention, resize_pos_embed, to_2tuple from .base_backbone import BaseBackbone class T2TTransformerLayer(BaseModule): """Transformer Layer for T2T_ViT. Comparing with :obj:`TransformerEncoderLayer` in ViT, it supports different ``input_dims`` and ``embed_dims``. Args: embed_dims (int): The feature dimension. num_heads (int): Parallel attention heads. feedforward_channels (int): The hidden dimension for FFNs input_dims (int, optional): The input token dimension. Defaults to None. drop_rate (float): Probability of an element to be zeroed after the feed forward layer. Defaults to 0. attn_drop_rate (float): The drop out rate for attention output weights. Defaults to 0. drop_path_rate (float): Stochastic depth rate. Defaults to 0. num_fcs (int): The number of fully-connected layers for FFNs. Defaults to 2. qkv_bias (bool): enable bias for qkv if True. Defaults to True. qk_scale (float, optional): Override default qk scale of ``(input_dims // num_heads) ** -0.5`` if set. Defaults to None. act_cfg (dict): The activation config for FFNs. Defaluts to ``dict(type='GELU')``. norm_cfg (dict): Config dict for normalization layer. Defaults to ``dict(type='LN')``. init_cfg (dict, optional): Initialization config dict. Defaults to None. Notes: In general, ``qk_scale`` should be ``head_dims ** -0.5``, i.e. ``(embed_dims // num_heads) ** -0.5``. However, in the official code, it uses ``(input_dims // num_heads) ** -0.5``, so here we keep the same with the official implementation. """ def __init__(self, embed_dims, num_heads, feedforward_channels, input_dims=None, drop_rate=0., attn_drop_rate=0., drop_path_rate=0., num_fcs=2, qkv_bias=False, qk_scale=None, act_cfg=dict(type='GELU'), norm_cfg=dict(type='LN'), init_cfg=None): super(T2TTransformerLayer, self).__init__(init_cfg=init_cfg) self.v_shortcut = True if input_dims is not None else False input_dims = input_dims or embed_dims self.norm1_name, norm1 = build_norm_layer( norm_cfg, input_dims, postfix=1) self.add_module(self.norm1_name, norm1) self.attn = MultiheadAttention( input_dims=input_dims, embed_dims=embed_dims, num_heads=num_heads, attn_drop=attn_drop_rate, proj_drop=drop_rate, dropout_layer=dict(type='DropPath', drop_prob=drop_path_rate), qkv_bias=qkv_bias, qk_scale=qk_scale or (input_dims // num_heads)**-0.5, v_shortcut=self.v_shortcut) self.norm2_name, norm2 = build_norm_layer( norm_cfg, embed_dims, postfix=2) self.add_module(self.norm2_name, norm2) self.ffn = FFN( embed_dims=embed_dims, feedforward_channels=feedforward_channels, num_fcs=num_fcs, ffn_drop=drop_rate, dropout_layer=dict(type='DropPath', drop_prob=drop_path_rate), act_cfg=act_cfg) @property def norm1(self): return getattr(self, self.norm1_name) @property def norm2(self): return getattr(self, self.norm2_name) def forward(self, x): if self.v_shortcut: x = self.attn(self.norm1(x)) else: x = x + self.attn(self.norm1(x)) x = self.ffn(self.norm2(x), identity=x) return x class T2TModule(BaseModule): """Tokens-to-Token module. "Tokens-to-Token module" (T2T Module) can model the local structure information of images and reduce the length of tokens progressively. Args: img_size (int): Input image size in_channels (int): Number of input channels embed_dims (int): Embedding dimension token_dims (int): Tokens dimension in T2TModuleAttention. use_performer (bool): If True, use Performer version self-attention to adopt regular self-attention. Defaults to False. init_cfg (dict, optional): The extra config for initialization. Default: None. Notes: Usually, ``token_dim`` is set as a small value (32 or 64) to reduce MACs """ def __init__( self, img_size=224, in_channels=3, embed_dims=384, token_dims=64, use_performer=False, init_cfg=None, ): super(T2TModule, self).__init__(init_cfg) self.embed_dims = embed_dims self.soft_split0 = nn.Unfold( kernel_size=(7, 7), stride=(4, 4), padding=(2, 2)) self.soft_split1 = nn.Unfold( kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(2, 2), padding=(1, 1)) self.soft_split2 = nn.Unfold( kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(2, 2), padding=(1, 1)) if not use_performer: self.attention1 = T2TTransformerLayer( input_dims=in_channels * 7 * 7, embed_dims=token_dims, num_heads=1, feedforward_channels=token_dims) self.attention2 = T2TTransformerLayer( input_dims=token_dims * 3 * 3, embed_dims=token_dims, num_heads=1, feedforward_channels=token_dims) self.project = nn.Linear(token_dims * 3 * 3, embed_dims) else: raise NotImplementedError("Performer hasn't been implemented.") # there are 3 soft split, stride are 4,2,2 separately out_side = img_size // (4 * 2 * 2) self.init_out_size = [out_side, out_side] self.num_patches = out_side**2 @staticmethod def _get_unfold_size(unfold: nn.Unfold, input_size): h, w = input_size kernel_size = to_2tuple(unfold.kernel_size) stride = to_2tuple(unfold.stride) padding = to_2tuple(unfold.padding) dilation = to_2tuple(unfold.dilation) h_out = (h + 2 * padding[0] - dilation[0] * (kernel_size[0] - 1) - 1) // stride[0] + 1 w_out = (w + 2 * padding[1] - dilation[1] * (kernel_size[1] - 1) - 1) // stride[1] + 1 return (h_out, w_out) def forward(self, x): # step0: soft split hw_shape = self._get_unfold_size(self.soft_split0, x.shape[2:]) x = self.soft_split0(x).transpose(1, 2) for step in [1, 2]: # re-structurization/reconstruction attn = getattr(self, f'attention{step}') x = attn(x).transpose(1, 2) B, C, _ = x.shape x = x.reshape(B, C, hw_shape[0], hw_shape[1]) # soft split soft_split = getattr(self, f'soft_split{step}') hw_shape = self._get_unfold_size(soft_split, hw_shape) x = soft_split(x).transpose(1, 2) # final tokens x = self.project(x) return x, hw_shape def get_sinusoid_encoding(n_position, embed_dims): """Generate sinusoid encoding table. Sinusoid encoding is a kind of relative position encoding method came from `Attention Is All You Need`_. Args: n_position (int): The length of the input token. embed_dims (int): The position embedding dimension. Returns: :obj:`torch.FloatTensor`: The sinusoid encoding table. """ def get_position_angle_vec(position): return [ position / np.power(10000, 2 * (i // 2) / embed_dims) for i in range(embed_dims) ] sinusoid_table = np.array( [get_position_angle_vec(pos) for pos in range(n_position)]) sinusoid_table[:, 0::2] = np.sin(sinusoid_table[:, 0::2]) # dim 2i sinusoid_table[:, 1::2] = np.cos(sinusoid_table[:, 1::2]) # dim 2i+1 return torch.FloatTensor(sinusoid_table).unsqueeze(0) @MODELS.register_module() class T2T_ViT(BaseBackbone): """Tokens-to-Token Vision Transformer (T2T-ViT) A PyTorch implementation of `Tokens-to-Token ViT: Training Vision Transformers from Scratch on ImageNet `_ Args: img_size (int | tuple): The expected input image shape. Because we support dynamic input shape, just set the argument to the most common input image shape. Defaults to 224. in_channels (int): Number of input channels. embed_dims (int): Embedding dimension. num_layers (int): Num of transformer layers in encoder. Defaults to 14. out_indices (Sequence | int): Output from which stages. Defaults to -1, means the last stage. drop_rate (float): Dropout rate after position embedding. Defaults to 0. drop_path_rate (float): stochastic depth rate. Defaults to 0. norm_cfg (dict): Config dict for normalization layer. Defaults to ``dict(type='LN')``. final_norm (bool): Whether to add a additional layer to normalize final feature map. Defaults to True. with_cls_token (bool): Whether concatenating class token into image tokens as transformer input. Defaults to True. output_cls_token (bool): Whether output the cls_token. If set True, ``with_cls_token`` must be True. Defaults to True. interpolate_mode (str): Select the interpolate mode for position embeding vector resize. Defaults to "bicubic". t2t_cfg (dict): Extra config of Tokens-to-Token module. Defaults to an empty dict. layer_cfgs (Sequence | dict): Configs of each transformer layer in encoder. Defaults to an empty dict. init_cfg (dict, optional): The Config for initialization. Defaults to None. """ num_extra_tokens = 1 # cls_token def __init__(self, img_size=224, in_channels=3, embed_dims=384, num_layers=14, out_indices=-1, drop_rate=0., drop_path_rate=0., norm_cfg=dict(type='LN'), final_norm=True, with_cls_token=True, output_cls_token=True, interpolate_mode='bicubic', t2t_cfg=dict(), layer_cfgs=dict(), init_cfg=None): super(T2T_ViT, self).__init__(init_cfg) # Token-to-Token Module self.tokens_to_token = T2TModule( img_size=img_size, in_channels=in_channels, embed_dims=embed_dims, **t2t_cfg) self.patch_resolution = self.tokens_to_token.init_out_size num_patches = self.patch_resolution[0] * self.patch_resolution[1] # Set cls token if output_cls_token: assert with_cls_token is True, f'with_cls_token must be True if' \ f'set output_cls_token to True, but got {with_cls_token}' self.with_cls_token = with_cls_token self.output_cls_token = output_cls_token self.cls_token = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(1, 1, embed_dims)) # Set position embedding self.interpolate_mode = interpolate_mode sinusoid_table = get_sinusoid_encoding( num_patches + self.num_extra_tokens, embed_dims) self.register_buffer('pos_embed', sinusoid_table) self._register_load_state_dict_pre_hook(self._prepare_pos_embed) self.drop_after_pos = nn.Dropout(p=drop_rate) if isinstance(out_indices, int): out_indices = [out_indices] assert isinstance(out_indices, Sequence), \ f'"out_indices" must be a sequence or int, ' \ f'get {type(out_indices)} instead.' for i, index in enumerate(out_indices): if index < 0: out_indices[i] = num_layers + index assert 0 <= out_indices[i] <= num_layers, \ f'Invalid out_indices {index}' self.out_indices = out_indices # stochastic depth decay rule dpr = [x for x in np.linspace(0, drop_path_rate, num_layers)] self.encoder = ModuleList() for i in range(num_layers): if isinstance(layer_cfgs, Sequence): layer_cfg = layer_cfgs[i] else: layer_cfg = deepcopy(layer_cfgs) layer_cfg = { 'embed_dims': embed_dims, 'num_heads': 6, 'feedforward_channels': 3 * embed_dims, 'drop_path_rate': dpr[i], 'qkv_bias': False, 'norm_cfg': norm_cfg, **layer_cfg } layer = T2TTransformerLayer(**layer_cfg) self.encoder.append(layer) self.final_norm = final_norm if final_norm: self.norm = build_norm_layer(norm_cfg, embed_dims)[1] else: self.norm = nn.Identity() def init_weights(self): super().init_weights() if (isinstance(self.init_cfg, dict) and self.init_cfg['type'] == 'Pretrained'): # Suppress custom init if use pretrained model. return trunc_normal_(self.cls_token, std=.02) def _prepare_pos_embed(self, state_dict, prefix, *args, **kwargs): name = prefix + 'pos_embed' if name not in state_dict.keys(): return ckpt_pos_embed_shape = state_dict[name].shape if self.pos_embed.shape != ckpt_pos_embed_shape: from mmengine.logging import MMLogger logger = MMLogger.get_current_instance() logger.info( f'Resize the pos_embed shape from {ckpt_pos_embed_shape} ' f'to {self.pos_embed.shape}.') ckpt_pos_embed_shape = to_2tuple( int(np.sqrt(ckpt_pos_embed_shape[1] - self.num_extra_tokens))) pos_embed_shape = self.tokens_to_token.init_out_size state_dict[name] = resize_pos_embed(state_dict[name], ckpt_pos_embed_shape, pos_embed_shape, self.interpolate_mode, self.num_extra_tokens) def forward(self, x): B = x.shape[0] x, patch_resolution = self.tokens_to_token(x) # stole cls_tokens impl from Phil Wang, thanks cls_tokens = self.cls_token.expand(B, -1, -1) x = torch.cat((cls_tokens, x), dim=1) x = x + resize_pos_embed( self.pos_embed, self.patch_resolution, patch_resolution, mode=self.interpolate_mode, num_extra_tokens=self.num_extra_tokens) x = self.drop_after_pos(x) if not self.with_cls_token: # Remove class token for transformer encoder input x = x[:, 1:] outs = [] for i, layer in enumerate(self.encoder): x = layer(x) if i == len(self.encoder) - 1 and self.final_norm: x = self.norm(x) if i in self.out_indices: B, _, C = x.shape if self.with_cls_token: patch_token = x[:, 1:].reshape(B, *patch_resolution, C) patch_token = patch_token.permute(0, 3, 1, 2) cls_token = x[:, 0] else: patch_token = x.reshape(B, *patch_resolution, C) patch_token = patch_token.permute(0, 3, 1, 2) cls_token = None if self.output_cls_token: out = [patch_token, cls_token] else: out = patch_token outs.append(out) return tuple(outs)