# Copyright (c) OpenMMLab. All rights reserved. from typing import List, Optional, Sequence, Tuple, Union import numpy as np import torch import torch.nn as nn from mmcv.cnn import build_norm_layer from mmcv.cnn.bricks.drop import build_dropout from mmcv.cnn.bricks.transformer import FFN, PatchEmbed from mmengine.model import BaseModule, ModuleList from mmcls.registry import MODELS from ..utils import (BEiTAttention, resize_pos_embed, resize_relative_position_bias_table, to_2tuple) from .vision_transformer import TransformerEncoderLayer, VisionTransformer class RelativePositionBias(BaseModule): """Relative Position Bias. This module is copied from https://github.com/microsoft/unilm/blob/master/beit/modeling_finetune.py#L209. Args: window_size (Sequence[int]): The window size of the relative position bias. num_heads (int): The number of head in multi-head attention. with_cls_token (bool): To indicate the backbone has cls_token or not. Defaults to True. """ def __init__( self, window_size: Sequence[int], num_heads: int, with_cls_token: bool = True, ) -> None: super().__init__() self.window_size = window_size if with_cls_token: num_extra_tokens = 3 else: num_extra_tokens = 0 # cls to token & token to cls & cls to cls self.num_relative_distance = (2 * window_size[0] - 1) * ( 2 * window_size[1] - 1) + num_extra_tokens self.relative_position_bias_table = nn.Parameter( torch.zeros(self.num_relative_distance, num_heads)) # 2*Wh-1 * 2*Ww-1, nH # get pair-wise relative position index for each # token inside the window coords_h = torch.arange(window_size[0]) coords_w = torch.arange(window_size[1]) coords = torch.stack(torch.meshgrid([coords_h, coords_w])) # 2, Wh, Ww coords_flatten = torch.flatten(coords, 1) # 2, Wh*Ww relative_coords = coords_flatten[:, :, None] -\ coords_flatten[:, None, :] # 2, Wh*Ww, Wh*Ww relative_coords = relative_coords.permute( 1, 2, 0).contiguous() # Wh*Ww, Wh*Ww, 2 relative_coords[:, :, 0] += window_size[0] - 1 # shift to start from 0 relative_coords[:, :, 1] += window_size[1] - 1 relative_coords[:, :, 0] *= 2 * window_size[1] - 1 if with_cls_token: relative_position_index = torch.zeros( size=(window_size[0] * window_size[1] + 1, ) * 2, dtype=relative_coords.dtype) relative_position_index[1:, 1:] = relative_coords.sum( -1) # Wh*Ww, Wh*Ww relative_position_index[0, 0:] = self.num_relative_distance - 3 relative_position_index[0:, 0] = self.num_relative_distance - 2 relative_position_index[0, 0] = self.num_relative_distance - 1 else: relative_position_index = torch.zeros( size=(window_size[0] * window_size[1], ) * 2, dtype=relative_coords.dtype) relative_position_index = relative_coords.sum(-1) # Wh*Ww, Wh*Ww self.register_buffer('relative_position_index', relative_position_index) def forward(self) -> torch.Tensor: # Wh*Ww,Wh*Ww,nH relative_position_bias = self.relative_position_bias_table[ self.relative_position_index.view(-1)].view( self.window_size[0] * self.window_size[1] + 1, self.window_size[0] * self.window_size[1] + 1, -1) return relative_position_bias.permute( 2, 0, 1).contiguous() # nH, Wh*Ww, Wh*Ww class BEiTTransformerEncoderLayer(TransformerEncoderLayer): """Implements one encoder layer in BEiT. Comparing with conventional ``TransformerEncoderLayer``, this module adds weights to the shortcut connection. In addition, ``BEiTAttention`` is used to replace the original ``MultiheadAttention`` in ``TransformerEncoderLayer``. Args: embed_dims (int): The feature dimension. num_heads (int): Parallel attention heads. feedforward_channels (int): The hidden dimension for FFNs. layer_scale_init_value (float): The initialization value for the learnable scaling of attention and FFN. 1 means no scaling. drop_rate (float): Probability of an element to be zeroed after the feed forward layer. Defaults to 0. window_size (tuple[int]): The height and width of the window. Defaults to None. use_rel_pos_bias (bool): Whether to use unique relative position bias, if False, use shared relative position bias defined in backbone. attn_drop_rate (float): The drop out rate for attention layer. Defaults to 0.0. drop_path_rate (float): Stochastic depth rate. Default 0.0. num_fcs (int): The number of fully-connected layers for FFNs. Defaults to 2. bias (bool | str): The option to add leanable bias for q, k, v. If bias is True, it will add leanable bias. If bias is 'qv_bias', it will only add leanable bias for q, v. If bias is False, it will not add bias for q, k, v. Default to 'qv_bias'. act_cfg (dict): The activation config for FFNs. Defaults to ``dict(type='GELU')``. norm_cfg (dict): Config dict for normalization layer. Defaults to dict(type='LN'). attn_cfg (dict): The configuration for the attention layer. Defaults to an empty dict. ffn_cfg (dict): The configuration for the ffn layer. Defaults to ``dict(add_identity=False)``. init_cfg (dict or List[dict], optional): Initialization config dict. Defaults to None. """ def __init__(self, embed_dims: int, num_heads: int, feedforward_channels: int, layer_scale_init_value: float, window_size: Tuple[int, int], use_rel_pos_bias: bool, drop_rate: float = 0., attn_drop_rate: float = 0., drop_path_rate: float = 0., num_fcs: int = 2, bias: Union[str, bool] = 'qv_bias', act_cfg: dict = dict(type='GELU'), norm_cfg: dict = dict(type='LN'), attn_cfg: dict = dict(), ffn_cfg: dict = dict(add_identity=False), init_cfg: Optional[Union[dict, List[dict]]] = None) -> None: super().__init__( embed_dims=embed_dims, num_heads=num_heads, feedforward_channels=feedforward_channels, attn_drop_rate=attn_drop_rate, drop_path_rate=0., drop_rate=0., num_fcs=num_fcs, qkv_bias=bias, act_cfg=act_cfg, norm_cfg=norm_cfg, init_cfg=init_cfg) attn_cfg = { 'window_size': window_size, 'use_rel_pos_bias': use_rel_pos_bias, 'qk_scale': None, 'embed_dims': embed_dims, 'num_heads': num_heads, 'attn_drop': attn_drop_rate, 'proj_drop': drop_rate, 'bias': bias, **attn_cfg, } self.attn = BEiTAttention(**attn_cfg) ffn_cfg = { 'embed_dims': embed_dims, 'feedforward_channels': feedforward_channels, 'num_fcs': num_fcs, 'ffn_drop': drop_rate, 'dropout_layer': dict(type='DropPath', drop_prob=drop_path_rate), 'act_cfg': act_cfg, **ffn_cfg, } self.ffn = FFN(**ffn_cfg) # NOTE: drop path for stochastic depth, we shall see if # this is better than dropout here dropout_layer = dict(type='DropPath', drop_prob=drop_path_rate) self.drop_path = build_dropout( dropout_layer) if dropout_layer else nn.Identity() if layer_scale_init_value > 0: self.gamma_1 = nn.Parameter( layer_scale_init_value * torch.ones((embed_dims)), requires_grad=True) self.gamma_2 = nn.Parameter( layer_scale_init_value * torch.ones((embed_dims)), requires_grad=True) else: self.gamma_1, self.gamma_2 = None, None def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor, rel_pos_bias: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor: if self.gamma_1 is None: x = x + self.drop_path( self.attn(self.norm1(x), rel_pos_bias=rel_pos_bias)) x = x + self.drop_path(self.ffn(self.norm2(x))) else: x = x + self.drop_path(self.gamma_1 * self.attn( self.norm1(x), rel_pos_bias=rel_pos_bias)) x = x + self.drop_path(self.gamma_2 * self.ffn(self.norm2(x))) return x @MODELS.register_module() class BEiT(VisionTransformer): """Backbone for BEiT. A PyTorch implement of : `BEiT: BERT Pre-Training of Image Transformers `_ A PyTorch implement of : `BEiT v2: Masked Image Modeling with Vector-Quantized Visual Tokenizers `_ Args: arch (str | dict): BEiT architecture. If use string, choose from 'base', 'large'. If use dict, it should have below keys: - **embed_dims** (int): The dimensions of embedding. - **num_layers** (int): The number of transformer encoder layers. - **num_heads** (int): The number of heads in attention modules. - **feedforward_channels** (int): The hidden dimensions in feedforward modules. Defaults to 'base'. img_size (int | tuple): The expected input image shape. Because we support dynamic input shape, just set the argument to the most common input image shape. Defaults to 224. patch_size (int | tuple): The patch size in patch embedding. Defaults to 16. in_channels (int): The num of input channels. Defaults to 3. out_indices (Sequence | int): Output from which stages. Defaults to -1, means the last stage. drop_rate (float): Probability of an element to be zeroed. Defaults to 0. drop_path_rate (float): stochastic depth rate. Defaults to 0. qkv_bias (bool): Whether to add bias for qkv in attention modules. Defaults to True. norm_cfg (dict): Config dict for normalization layer. Defaults to ``dict(type='LN')``. final_norm (bool): Whether to add a additional layer to normalize final feature map. Defaults to True. with_cls_token (bool): Whether concatenating class token into image tokens as transformer input. Defaults to True. avg_token (bool): Whether or not to use the mean patch token for classification. If True, the model will only take the average of all patch tokens. Defaults to False. frozen_stages (int): Stages to be frozen (stop grad and set eval mode). -1 means not freezing any parameters. Defaults to -1. output_cls_token (bool): Whether output the cls_token. If set True, ``with_cls_token`` must be True. Defaults to True. use_abs_pos_emb (bool): Use position embedding like vanilla ViT. Defaults to False. use_rel_pos_bias (bool): Use relative position embedding in each transformer encoder layer. Defaults to True. use_shared_rel_pos_bias (bool): Use shared relative position embedding, all transformer encoder layers share the same relative position embedding. Defaults to False. layer_scale_init_value (float): The initialization value for the learnable scaling of attention and FFN. Defaults to 0.1. interpolate_mode (str): Select the interpolate mode for position embeding vector resize. Defaults to "bicubic". patch_cfg (dict): Configs of patch embeding. Defaults to an empty dict. layer_cfgs (Sequence | dict): Configs of each transformer layer in encoder. Defaults to an empty dict. init_cfg (dict, optional): Initialization config dict. Defaults to None. """ def __init__(self, arch='base', img_size=224, patch_size=16, in_channels=3, out_indices=-1, drop_rate=0, drop_path_rate=0, norm_cfg=dict(type='LN', eps=1e-6), final_norm=False, with_cls_token=True, avg_token=True, frozen_stages=-1, output_cls_token=False, use_abs_pos_emb=False, use_rel_pos_bias=True, use_shared_rel_pos_bias=False, layer_scale_init_value=0.1, interpolate_mode='bicubic', patch_cfg=dict(), layer_cfgs=dict(), init_cfg=None): super(VisionTransformer, self).__init__(init_cfg) if isinstance(arch, str): arch = arch.lower() assert arch in set(self.arch_zoo), \ f'Arch {arch} is not in default archs {set(self.arch_zoo)}' self.arch_settings = self.arch_zoo[arch] else: essential_keys = { 'embed_dims', 'num_layers', 'num_heads', 'feedforward_channels' } assert isinstance(arch, dict) and essential_keys <= set(arch), \ f'Custom arch needs a dict with keys {essential_keys}' self.arch_settings = arch self.embed_dims = self.arch_settings['embed_dims'] self.num_layers = self.arch_settings['num_layers'] self.img_size = to_2tuple(img_size) # Set patch embedding _patch_cfg = dict( in_channels=in_channels, input_size=img_size, embed_dims=self.embed_dims, conv_type='Conv2d', kernel_size=patch_size, stride=patch_size, ) _patch_cfg.update(patch_cfg) self.patch_embed = PatchEmbed(**_patch_cfg) self.patch_resolution = self.patch_embed.init_out_size num_patches = self.patch_resolution[0] * self.patch_resolution[1] # Set cls token if output_cls_token: assert with_cls_token is True, f'with_cls_token must be True if' \ f'set output_cls_token to True, but got {with_cls_token}' self.with_cls_token = with_cls_token self.output_cls_token = output_cls_token self.cls_token = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(1, 1, self.embed_dims)) self.interpolate_mode = interpolate_mode # Set position embedding if use_abs_pos_emb: self.pos_embed = nn.Parameter( torch.zeros(1, num_patches + self.num_extra_tokens, self.embed_dims)) self._register_load_state_dict_pre_hook(self._prepare_pos_embed) else: self.pos_embed = None self.drop_after_pos = nn.Dropout(p=drop_rate) assert not (use_rel_pos_bias and use_shared_rel_pos_bias), ( '`use_rel_pos_bias` and `use_shared_rel_pos_bias` cannot be set ' 'to True at the same time') self.use_rel_pos_bias = use_rel_pos_bias if use_shared_rel_pos_bias: self.rel_pos_bias = RelativePositionBias( window_size=self.patch_resolution, num_heads=self.arch_settings['num_heads']) else: self.rel_pos_bias = None self._register_load_state_dict_pre_hook( self._prepare_relative_position_bias_table) if isinstance(out_indices, int): out_indices = [out_indices] assert isinstance(out_indices, Sequence), \ f'"out_indices" must by a sequence or int, ' \ f'get {type(out_indices)} instead.' for i, index in enumerate(out_indices): if index < 0: out_indices[i] = self.num_layers + index assert 0 <= out_indices[i] <= self.num_layers, \ f'Invalid out_indices {index}' self.out_indices = out_indices # stochastic depth decay rule dpr = np.linspace(0, drop_path_rate, self.num_layers) self.layers = ModuleList() if isinstance(layer_cfgs, dict): layer_cfgs = [layer_cfgs] * self.num_layers for i in range(self.num_layers): _layer_cfg = dict( embed_dims=self.embed_dims, num_heads=self.arch_settings['num_heads'], feedforward_channels=self. arch_settings['feedforward_channels'], layer_scale_init_value=layer_scale_init_value, window_size=self.patch_resolution, use_rel_pos_bias=use_rel_pos_bias, drop_rate=drop_rate, drop_path_rate=dpr[i], norm_cfg=norm_cfg) _layer_cfg.update(layer_cfgs[i]) self.layers.append(BEiTTransformerEncoderLayer(**_layer_cfg)) self.frozen_stages = frozen_stages self.final_norm = final_norm if final_norm: self.norm1_name, norm1 = build_norm_layer( norm_cfg, self.embed_dims, postfix=1) self.add_module(self.norm1_name, norm1) self.avg_token = avg_token if avg_token: self.norm2_name, norm2 = build_norm_layer( norm_cfg, self.embed_dims, postfix=2) self.add_module(self.norm2_name, norm2) # freeze stages only when self.frozen_stages > 0 if self.frozen_stages > 0: self._freeze_stages() def forward(self, x): B = x.shape[0] x, patch_resolution = self.patch_embed(x) # stole cls_tokens impl from Phil Wang, thanks cls_tokens = self.cls_token.expand(B, -1, -1) x = torch.cat((cls_tokens, x), dim=1) if self.pos_embed is not None: x = x + resize_pos_embed( self.pos_embed, self.patch_resolution, patch_resolution, mode=self.interpolate_mode, num_extra_tokens=self.num_extra_tokens) x = self.drop_after_pos(x) rel_pos_bias = self.rel_pos_bias() \ if self.rel_pos_bias is not None else None if not self.with_cls_token: # Remove class token for transformer encoder input x = x[:, 1:] outs = [] for i, layer in enumerate(self.layers): x = layer(x, rel_pos_bias) if i == len(self.layers) - 1 and self.final_norm: x = self.norm1(x) if i in self.out_indices: B, _, C = x.shape if self.with_cls_token: patch_token = x[:, 1:].reshape(B, *patch_resolution, C) patch_token = patch_token.permute(0, 3, 1, 2) cls_token = x[:, 0] else: patch_token = x.reshape(B, *patch_resolution, C) patch_token = patch_token.permute(0, 3, 1, 2) cls_token = None if self.avg_token: patch_token = patch_token.permute(0, 2, 3, 1) patch_token = patch_token.reshape( B, patch_resolution[0] * patch_resolution[1], C).mean(dim=1) patch_token = self.norm2(patch_token) if self.output_cls_token: out = [patch_token, cls_token] else: out = patch_token outs.append(out) return tuple(outs) def _prepare_relative_position_bias_table(self, state_dict, prefix, *args, **kwargs): from mmengine.logging import MMLogger logger = MMLogger.get_current_instance() if self.use_rel_pos_bias and 'rel_pos_bias.relative_position_bias_table' in state_dict: # noqa:E501 logger.info('Expand the shared relative position embedding to ' 'each transformer block.') rel_pos_bias = state_dict[ 'rel_pos_bias.relative_position_bias_table'] for i in range(self.num_layers): state_dict[ f'layers.{i}.attn.relative_position_bias_table'] = \ rel_pos_bias.clone() state_dict.pop('rel_pos_bias.relative_position_bias_table') state_dict.pop('rel_pos_bias.relative_position_index') state_dict_model = self.state_dict() all_keys = list(state_dict_model.keys()) for key in all_keys: if 'relative_position_bias_table' in key: ckpt_key = prefix + key if ckpt_key not in state_dict: continue rel_pos_bias_pretrained = state_dict[ckpt_key] rel_pos_bias_current = state_dict_model[key] L1, nH1 = rel_pos_bias_pretrained.size() L2, nH2 = rel_pos_bias_current.size() src_size = int((L1 - 3)**0.5) dst_size = int((L2 - 3)**0.5) if L1 != L2: extra_tokens = rel_pos_bias_pretrained[-3:, :] rel_pos_bias = rel_pos_bias_pretrained[:-3, :] new_rel_pos_bias = resize_relative_position_bias_table( src_size, dst_size, rel_pos_bias, nH1) new_rel_pos_bias = torch.cat( (new_rel_pos_bias, extra_tokens), dim=0) logger.info('Resize the relative_position_bias_table from ' f'{state_dict[ckpt_key].shape} to ' f'{new_rel_pos_bias.shape}') state_dict[ckpt_key] = new_rel_pos_bias # The index buffer need to be re-generated. index_buffer = ckpt_key.replace('bias_table', 'index') if index_buffer in state_dict: del state_dict[index_buffer]