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license: mit
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license: mit
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## Introduction
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We propose mmMamba, the first decoder-only multimodal state space model achieved through quadratic to linear distillation using moderate academic computing resources. Unlike existing linear-complexity encoder-based multimodal large language models (MLLMs), mmMamba eliminates the need for separate vision encoders and underperforming pre-trained RNN-based LLMs. Through our seeding strategy and three-stage progressive distillation recipe, mmMamba effectively transfers knowledge from quadratic-complexity decoder-only pre-trained MLLMs while preserving multimodal capabilities. Additionally, mmMamba introduces flexible hybrid architectures that strategically combine Transformer and Mamba layers, enabling customizable trade-offs between computational efficiency and model performance.
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Distilled from the decoder-only HoVLE-2.6B, our pure Mamba-2-based mmMamba-linear achieves performance competitive with existing linear and quadratic-complexity VLMs, including those with 2x larger parameter size like EVE-7B. The hybrid variant, mmMamba-hybrid, further enhances performance across all benchmarks, approaching the capabilities of the teacher model HoVLE. In long-context scenarios with 103K tokens, mmMamba-linear demonstrates remarkable efficiency gains with a 20.6× speedup and 75.8% GPU memory reduction compared to HoVLE, while mmMamba-hybrid achieves a 13.5× speedup and 60.2% memory savings.
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<div align="center">
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<img src="assets/teaser.png" />
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<b>Seeding strategy and three-stage distillation pipeline of mmMamba.</b>
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<img src="assets/pipeline.png" />
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</div>
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