diff --git "a/eval_predictions.json" "b/eval_predictions.json" --- "a/eval_predictions.json" +++ "b/eval_predictions.json" @@ -1,305 +1,305 @@ { - "56be4db0acb8001400a502ec": "American Football Conference", - "56be4db0acb8001400a502ed": "American Football Conference", - "56be4db0acb8001400a502ee": "San Francisco Bay Area at Santa Clara, California", - "56be4db0acb8001400a502ef": "American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos", - "56be4db0acb8001400a502f0": "golden anniversary\" with various gold-themed initiatives, as well as temporarily suspending the tradition of naming each Super Bowl game with Roman numerals", - "56be8e613aeaaa14008c90d1": "Arabic numerals", + "56be4db0acb8001400a502ec": "Denver Broncos", + "56be4db0acb8001400a502ed": "Denver Broncos", + "56be4db0acb8001400a502ee": "Santa Clara, California", + "56be4db0acb8001400a502ef": "Denver Broncos", + "56be4db0acb8001400a502f0": "gold", + "56be8e613aeaaa14008c90d1": "champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2015 season", "56be8e613aeaaa14008c90d2": "February 7, 2016", - "56be8e613aeaaa14008c90d3": "American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos", - "56bea9923aeaaa14008c91b9": "Arabic numerals", + "56be8e613aeaaa14008c90d3": "champion Denver Broncos defeated the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Carolina Panthers 24\u201310 to earn their third Super Bowl title", + "56bea9923aeaaa14008c91b9": "champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2015 season", "56bea9923aeaaa14008c91ba": "American Football Conference", "56bea9923aeaaa14008c91bb": "February 7, 2016", - "56beace93aeaaa14008c91df": "American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos", - "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e0": "San Francisco Bay Area at Santa Clara, California", - "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e1": "San Francisco Bay Area at Santa Clara, California", - "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e2": "Super Bowl L\"", - "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e3": "2015 season", - "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c94fd": "2015", - "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c94fe": "San Francisco Bay Area at Santa Clara, California", - "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c94ff": "San Francisco Bay Area at Santa Clara, California", - "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c9500": "Arabic numerals 50", + "56beace93aeaaa14008c91df": "Denver Broncos", + "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e0": "Levi's Stadium", + "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e1": "Santa Clara, California", + "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e2": "Super Bowl L", + "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e3": "2015", + "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c94fd": "2016", + "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c94fe": "Santa Clara, California", + "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c94ff": "Levi's Stadium", + "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c9500": "24\u201310", "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c9501": "February 7, 2016", - "56d20362e7d4791d009025e8": "2016", - "56d20362e7d4791d009025e9": "American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos", - "56d20362e7d4791d009025ea": "American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos", - "56d20362e7d4791d009025eb": "American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos", - "56d600e31c85041400946eae": "2015 season", - "56d600e31c85041400946eb0": "American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos", - "56d600e31c85041400946eb1": "California", - "56d9895ddc89441400fdb50e": "American Football Conference", - "56d9895ddc89441400fdb510": "American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos", + "56d20362e7d4791d009025e8": "2015 season", + "56d20362e7d4791d009025e9": "Denver Broncos", + "56d20362e7d4791d009025ea": "Carolina Panthers", + "56d20362e7d4791d009025eb": "Denver Broncos", + "56d600e31c85041400946eae": "2015", + "56d600e31c85041400946eb0": "Denver Broncos", + "56d600e31c85041400946eb1": "San Francisco Bay Area at Santa Clara, California", + "56d9895ddc89441400fdb50e": "Super Bowl 50", + "56d9895ddc89441400fdb510": "Denver Broncos", "56be4e1facb8001400a502f6": "Cam Newton", "56be4e1facb8001400a502f9": "eight", "56be4e1facb8001400a502fa": "1995", "56beaa4a3aeaaa14008c91c2": "Arizona Cardinals", "56beaa4a3aeaaa14008c91c3": "the New England Patriots", - "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91e9": "Arizona Cardinals 49\u201315", - "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91ea": "Arizona Cardinals 49\u201315", - "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91eb": "Arizona Cardinals 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995. The Broncos", + "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91e9": "Arizona Cardinals", + "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91ea": "20\u201318", + "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91eb": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91ec": "four", "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91ed": "Cam Newton", - "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c9507": "Arizona Cardinals 49\u201315", - "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c9508": "quarterback Cam Newton", + "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c9507": "15\u20131", + "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c9508": "Cam Newton", "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c9509": "15\u20131 record, and quarterback Cam Newton was named the NFL Most Valuable Player (MVP). They defeated the Arizona Cardinals 49\u201315", "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c950a": "four", - "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c950b": "Dallas Cowboys", + "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c950b": "New England Patriots", "56d2045de7d4791d009025f3": "Cam Newton", "56d2045de7d4791d009025f4": "Arizona Cardinals", "56d2045de7d4791d009025f5": "eight", "56d2045de7d4791d009025f6": "Arizona Cardinals", - "56d6017d1c85041400946ebe": "quarterback Cam Newton", + "56d6017d1c85041400946ebe": "Cam Newton", "56d6017d1c85041400946ec1": "Arizona Cardinals", - "56d6017d1c85041400946ec2": "Arizona Cardinals 49\u201315", - "56d98a59dc89441400fdb52a": "Newton", + "56d6017d1c85041400946ec2": "Arizona Cardinals", + "56d98a59dc89441400fdb52a": "Cam Newton", "56d98a59dc89441400fdb52b": "Arizona Cardinals", "56d98a59dc89441400fdb52e": "1995", "56be4eafacb8001400a50302": "Denver linebacker Von Miller", "56be4eafacb8001400a50303": "two", - "56be4eafacb8001400a50304": "Denver linebacker Von Miller", - "56beab833aeaaa14008c91d2": "Denver linebacker Von Miller", + "56be4eafacb8001400a50304": "Broncos", + "56beab833aeaaa14008c91d2": "Von Miller", "56beab833aeaaa14008c91d3": "five", "56beab833aeaaa14008c91d4": "Newton", "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f4": "seven", "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f5": "Denver linebacker Von Miller", "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f6": "three", - "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f7": "2\u00bd sacks, and two", + "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f7": "two", "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9511": "Denver linebacker Von Miller", "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9513": "Super Bowl MVP", - "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9514": "2\u00bd sacks", + "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9514": "five", "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9515": "two", "56d204ade7d4791d00902603": "Denver linebacker Von Miller", "56d204ade7d4791d00902604": "five", "56d601e41c85041400946ece": "seven", "56d601e41c85041400946ecf": "seven", - "56d601e41c85041400946ed0": "linebacker Von Miller", - "56d601e41c85041400946ed1": "Denver linebacker Von Miller", - "56d601e41c85041400946ed2": "Super Bowl MVP", + "56d601e41c85041400946ed0": "Von Miller", + "56d601e41c85041400946ed1": "Broncos", + "56d601e41c85041400946ed2": "linebacker", "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53b": "seven", - "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53c": "seven", + "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53c": "three", "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53d": "linebacker Von Miller", "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53e": "five", "56be5333acb8001400a5030a": "CBS", "56be5333acb8001400a5030b": "$5 million", - "56be5333acb8001400a5030c": "British rock group Coldplay", + "56be5333acb8001400a5030c": "Coldplay", "56be5333acb8001400a5030d": "Bruno Mars", - "56be5333acb8001400a5030e": "British rock group Coldplay with special guest performers Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", - "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c91fd": "Bruno Mars", + "56be5333acb8001400a5030e": "Super Bowl XLVII", + "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c91fd": "CBS", "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c91fe": "$5 million", "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c91ff": "Bruno Mars", "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c9200": "Bruno Mars", "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c9201": "Bruno Mars", "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951b": "CBS", "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951c": "$5 million", - "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951e": "Bruno Mars", - "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951f": "$5 million", - "56d2051ce7d4791d00902608": "British rock group Coldplay with special guest performers Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", + "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951e": "Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", + "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951f": "third", + "56d2051ce7d4791d00902608": "CBS", "56d2051ce7d4791d00902609": "$5 million", "56d2051ce7d4791d0090260a": "Coldplay", "56d2051ce7d4791d0090260b": "Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", - "56d602631c85041400946ed8": "Bruno Mars", + "56d602631c85041400946ed8": "CBS", "56d602631c85041400946eda": "Bruno Mars", - "56d602631c85041400946edb": "Bruno Mars", - "56d602631c85041400946edc": "British rock group Coldplay", + "56d602631c85041400946edb": "Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", + "56d602631c85041400946edc": "Super Bowl XLVII", "56d98c53dc89441400fdb544": "$5 million", "56d98c53dc89441400fdb545": "Bruno Mars", - "56d98c53dc89441400fdb546": "Bruno Mars", + "56d98c53dc89441400fdb546": "Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", "56d98c53dc89441400fdb548": "Bruno Mars", "56be53b8acb8001400a50314": "Roger Goodell", - "56be53b8acb8001400a50315": "spectacular", + "56be53b8acb8001400a50315": "50th Super Bowl", "56be53b8acb8001400a50316": "2012", "56beafca3aeaaa14008c9207": "Roger Goodell", - "56beafca3aeaaa14008c9208": "2012", + "56beafca3aeaaa14008c9208": "early 2012", "56bf42f53aeaaa14008c95a3": "Roger Goodell", "56d2053ae7d4791d00902610": "Roger Goodell", "56d6edd00d65d21400198250": "Roger Goodell", "56d6edd00d65d21400198251": "an important game for us as a league", - "56d98d0adc89441400fdb54e": "50th Super Bowl \"spectacular", + "56d98d0adc89441400fdb54e": "the 50th Super Bowl", "56d98d0adc89441400fdb54f": "2012", - "56be5438acb8001400a5031a": "New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", - "56be5438acb8001400a5031b": "New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", - "56be5438acb8001400a5031c": "New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", - "56beb03c3aeaaa14008c920b": "New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", + "56be5438acb8001400a5031a": "Mercedes-Benz Superdome", + "56be5438acb8001400a5031b": "Mercedes-Benz Superdome", + "56be5438acb8001400a5031c": "Mercedes-Benz Superdome", + "56beb03c3aeaaa14008c920b": "Sun Life Stadium", "56beb03c3aeaaa14008c920d": "Levi's Stadium", - "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9580": "Miami's Sun Life Stadium", - "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9581": "Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", - "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9582": "Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", - "56d20564e7d4791d00902612": "San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium", + "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9580": "Levi's Stadium", + "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9581": "Mercedes-Benz", + "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9582": "Sun Life Stadium", + "56d20564e7d4791d00902612": "Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium, and the San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium", "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198254": "three", "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198255": "Miami's Sun Life Stadium", "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198256": "Sun Life Stadium", - "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198257": "San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium", - "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198258": "New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", - "56d98db6dc89441400fdb552": "San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium", - "56d98db6dc89441400fdb553": "Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", - "56d98db6dc89441400fdb554": "Miami's Sun Life Stadium", + "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198257": "New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome", + "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198258": "Levi's Stadium", + "56d98db6dc89441400fdb552": "Sun Life Stadium", + "56d98db6dc89441400fdb553": "Mercedes-Benz", + "56d98db6dc89441400fdb554": "Levi's Stadium", "56be54bdacb8001400a50322": "October 16, 2012", "56be54bdacb8001400a50323": "10", - "56be54bdacb8001400a50324": "10 times", + "56be54bdacb8001400a50324": "Super Bowl XLIV", "56be54bdacb8001400a50325": "2010", "56be54bdacb8001400a50326": "1985", "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921b": "Sun Life Stadium", "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921c": "October 16, 2012", - "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921d": "Stanford Stadium", + "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921d": "San Francisco Bay Area last hosted in 1985 (Super Bowl XIX), held at Stanford Stadium", "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921e": "May 3, 2013", - "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921f": "2010. The San Francisco Bay Area last hosted in 1985", + "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921f": "1985", "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9525": "two", - "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9526": "Levi's Stadium. The South Florida/Miami area has previously hosted the event 10 times", + "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9526": "Super Bowl XIX", "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9528": "two", - "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9529": "San Francisco Bay Area last hosted in 1985 (Super Bowl XIX), held at Stanford Stadium in Stanford, California, won by the home team 49ers", + "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9529": "49ers. The Miami bid depended on whether the stadium underwent renovations. However, on May 3, 2013, the Florida legislature", "56d6ef6a0d65d21400198260": "1985", - "56d6ef6a0d65d21400198262": "South Florida/Miami area", + "56d6ef6a0d65d21400198262": "South Florida/Miami", "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb558": "October 16, 2012", "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb559": "two", - "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb55a": "South Florida/Miami area has previously hosted the event 10 times (tied for most with New Orleans", + "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb55a": "New Orleans", "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb55b": "1985", - "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb55c": "the Florida legislature", - "56be5523acb8001400a5032c": "2014", + "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb55c": "Florida legislature", + "56be5523acb8001400a5032c": "May 21, 2013", "56be5523acb8001400a5032d": "NFL owners", "56be5523acb8001400a5032e": "2014", "56be5523acb8001400a5032f": "$1.2 billion", - "56be5523acb8001400a50330": "San Francisco", + "56be5523acb8001400a50330": "San Francisco Bay", "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9225": "Boston", - "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9226": "2014. It is the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area since Super Bowl XIX in 1985", + "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9226": "May 21, 2013", "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9227": "$1.2 billion", - "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9228": "XXXVII", - "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9229": "San Francisco", - "56bf23363aeaaa14008c952f": "2014. It is the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area since Super Bowl XIX in 1985", - "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9530": "2014", + "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9228": "Super Bowl XXXVII", + "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9229": "San Francisco Bay Area since Super Bowl XIX in 1985, and the first in California since Super Bowl XXXVII took place in San Diego", + "56bf23363aeaaa14008c952f": "2013", + "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9530": "May 21, 2013", "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9531": "$1.2 billion", "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9532": "1985", - "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9533": "XXXVII", + "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9533": "Super Bowl XXXVII", "56d6f0770d65d21400198268": "1985", "56d6f0770d65d21400198269": "2014", - "56d6f0770d65d2140019826a": "1985", + "56d6f0770d65d2140019826a": "2003", "56d6f0770d65d2140019826c": "Boston", - "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb562": "2014. It is the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area since Super Bowl XIX in 1985", + "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb562": "May 21, 2013", "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb563": "2014", "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb564": "$1.2 billion", "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb565": "1985", "56be572b3aeaaa14008c9052": "John Fox", - "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c922f": "15\u20131 record, while the Denver Broncos became one of four", - "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9230": "15\u20131 record, while the Denver Broncos became one of four", + "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c922f": "ten", + "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9230": "six", "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9231": "Denver Broncos", - "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9232": "John Fox in their last Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50", + "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9232": "Super Bowl 50", "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9233": "John Fox", - "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c9539": "15\u20131", - "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c953a": "ten", + "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c9539": "eight", + "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c953a": "ten teams to have completed a regular season with only one loss, and one of only six", "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c953c": "Super Bowl XLVIII", - "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c953d": "15\u20131", - "56d6f1190d65d21400198272": "Super Bowl", - "56d6f1190d65d21400198273": "Super Bowl XLVIII", - "56d6f1190d65d21400198274": "John Fox in their last Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50", - "56d6f1190d65d21400198275": "John Fox in their last Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50", - "56d6f1190d65d21400198276": "15\u20131 record, while the Denver Broncos became one of four", - "56d99179dc89441400fdb56c": "15", - "56d99179dc89441400fdb56d": "15\u20131 record, while the Denver Broncos became one of four", + "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c953d": "six", + "56d6f1190d65d21400198272": "one", + "56d6f1190d65d21400198273": "one seeds from both conferences met in the Super Bowl. The Carolina Panthers", + "56d6f1190d65d21400198274": "John Fox", + "56d6f1190d65d21400198275": "second Super Bowl appearance in franchise history, their other appearance being Super Bowl XXXVIII. Coincidentally, both teams were coached by John Fox", + "56d6f1190d65d21400198276": "six", + "56d99179dc89441400fdb56c": "ten", + "56d99179dc89441400fdb56d": "four", "56d99179dc89441400fdb570": "John Fox", - "56be59683aeaaa14008c9058": "seventh", + "56be59683aeaaa14008c9058": "DeAngelo Williams", "56be59683aeaaa14008c9059": "Kelvin Benjamin", - "56be59683aeaaa14008c905a": "least 15", + "56be59683aeaaa14008c905a": "at least 15", "56beb3083aeaaa14008c923d": "1978", - "56beb3083aeaaa14008c923e": "DeAngelo Williams and losing top wide receiver Kelvin Benjamin to a torn ACL in the preseason, the Carolina Panthers", + "56beb3083aeaaa14008c923e": "New Orleans Saints and the 2011 Green Bay Packers. With their NFC-best 15\u20131", "56beb3083aeaaa14008c923f": "eight", "56beb3083aeaaa14008c9240": "eight", "56beb3083aeaaa14008c9241": "Kelvin Benjamin", "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9543": "1978", - "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9544": "1978", - "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9545": "1978", + "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9544": "2009", + "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9545": "2011", "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9547": "torn ACL", "56d6f2000d65d2140019827c": "Kelvin Benjamin", "56d6f2000d65d2140019827d": "DeAngelo Williams", "56d6f2000d65d2140019827e": "1978", - "56d6f2000d65d2140019827f": "eight", + "56d6f2000d65d2140019827f": "Ten", "56d9943fdc89441400fdb576": "Carolina Panthers", "56d9943fdc89441400fdb577": "1978", - "56d9943fdc89441400fdb578": "Carolina Panthers", - "56d9943fdc89441400fdb57a": "eight", + "56d9943fdc89441400fdb578": "NFC", + "56d9943fdc89441400fdb57a": "Ten", "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c9247": "six", - "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c9248": "636", - "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c9249": "3,837 yards and rushing for 636", - "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c924a": "60 yards and returned 27", - "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c924b": "Jonathan Stewart", - "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960b": "3,837 yards and rushing for 636", + "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c9248": "45", + "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c9249": "3,837", + "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c924a": "27", + "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c924b": "Greg Olsen", + "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960b": "837", "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960c": "99.4", - "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960d": "3,837 yards and rushing for 636", - "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960e": "veteran Jerricho Cotchery (39 receptions", - "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960f": "Pro Bowl quarterback Cam Newton", - "56d6f2960d65d21400198286": "500 points), was loaded with talent, boasting six", + "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960d": "77", + "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960e": "39", + "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960f": "Cam Newton", + "56d6f2960d65d21400198286": "six", "56d6f2960d65d21400198287": "Cam Newton", - "56d6f2960d65d21400198288": "636", - "56d6f2960d65d21400198289": "636", - "56d6f2960d65d2140019828a": "636", + "56d6f2960d65d21400198288": "837", + "56d6f2960d65d21400198289": "45", + "56d6f2960d65d2140019828a": "six", "56d997cddc89441400fdb586": "500", - "56d997cddc89441400fdb587": "636", - "56d997cddc89441400fdb588": "636", + "56d997cddc89441400fdb587": "104", + "56d997cddc89441400fdb588": "45", "56d997cddc89441400fdb589": "99.4", - "56d997cddc89441400fdb58a": "636", + "56d997cddc89441400fdb58a": "39", "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925b": "308", "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925c": "5", - "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925d": "four", - "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925e": "four", - "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925f": "Mario Addison", - "56d6f3500d65d21400198290": "24 and boasting four", - "56d6f3500d65d21400198291": "Mario Addison added 6\u00bd sacks. The Panthers line also featured veteran defensive end Jared Allen", - "56d6f3500d65d21400198292": "24 and boasting four", + "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925d": "118", + "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925e": "88", + "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925f": "Kawann Short", + "56d6f3500d65d21400198290": "24", + "56d6f3500d65d21400198291": "Kawann Short", + "56d6f3500d65d21400198292": "two", "56d6f3500d65d21400198293": "5\u00bd sacks, four", - "56d6f3500d65d21400198294": "Kurt Coleman, who led the team with a career high seven interceptions, while also racking up 88 tackles and Pro Bowl cornerback Josh Norman", - "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59c": "four", - "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59e": "Kurt Coleman, who led the team with a career high seven interceptions, while also racking up 88 tackles and Pro Bowl cornerback Josh Norman", - "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59f": "Jared Allen", - "56d9992fdc89441400fdb5a0": "four", - "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9265": "John Fox", - "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9266": "John Fox", - "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9267": "Gary Kubiak", - "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9268": "Manning's return during the Week 17 regular season finale, where the Broncos were losing 13\u20137 against the 4\u201311 San Diego Chargers", + "56d6f3500d65d21400198294": "24", + "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59c": "24", + "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59e": "Kawann Short", + "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59f": "Kawann Short", + "56d9992fdc89441400fdb5a0": "24", + "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9265": "Gary Kubiak", + "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9266": "Brock Osweiler", + "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9267": "quarterback", + "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9268": "Osweiler", "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9269": "Wade Phillips", "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c954d": "four", "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c954e": "Gary Kubiak", - "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c954f": "4\u201311 San Diego Chargers", + "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c954f": "the playoffs", "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c9550": "39", - "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c9551": "4\u201311 San Diego Chargers", + "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c9551": "re-claiming the starting quarterback position", "56d6f4030d65d2140019829a": "Gary Kubiak", - "56d6f4030d65d2140019829b": "John Fox", - "56d6f4030d65d2140019829c": "13\u20137 against the 4\u201311 San Diego Chargers", - "56d6f4030d65d2140019829d": "13\u20137", - "56d6f4030d65d2140019829e": "13\u20137", + "56d6f4030d65d2140019829b": "Gary Kubiak", + "56d6f4030d65d2140019829c": "heel", + "56d6f4030d65d2140019829d": "39", + "56d6f4030d65d2140019829e": "12\u20134", "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5c8": "John Fox", - "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5c9": "Osweiler was injured, however, leading to Manning's return during the Week 17 regular season finale, where the Broncos were losing 13\u20137", - "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5ca": "John Fox", - "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5cb": "Osweiler", + "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5c9": "Indianapolis Colts", + "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5ca": "Gary Kubiak", + "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5cb": "4", "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5cc": "Wade Phillips", - "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c9279": "2,249 yards and nine touchdowns, with 17 interceptions. In contrast, Osweiler threw for 1,967 yards, 10 touchdowns", + "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c9279": "67.9", "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927a": "17", "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927b": "Demaryius Thomas", - "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927c": "Demaryius Thomas", - "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927d": "1,967 yards, 10 touchdowns", - "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956b": "17 interceptions", - "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956c": "1,967 yards, 10 touchdowns", - "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956d": "1,967", + "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927c": "Owen Daniels", + "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927d": "nine touchdowns, with 17 interceptions. In contrast, Osweiler threw for 1,967", + "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956b": "67.9", + "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956c": "2,249 yards and nine touchdowns, with 17", + "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956d": "17", "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956e": "Demaryius Thomas", - "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956f": "105 receptions for 1,304 yards and six touchdowns", - "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a4": "2,249 yards and nine touchdowns", + "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956f": "Veteran receiver", + "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a4": "67.9", "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a5": "17", "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a6": "Demaryius Thomas", - "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a7": "4.7", - "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d6": "2,249 yards and nine touchdowns", + "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a7": "720", + "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d6": "67.9", "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d7": "17", - "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d8": "Demaryius Thomas", - "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d9": "Demaryius Thomas", - "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5da": "4.7 yards per carry average. Overall, the offense ranked 19th in scoring with 355 points", - "56beb6533aeaaa14008c928d": "4,530) for the first time in franchise history, and fourth", - "56beb6533aeaaa14008c928e": "5\u00bd sacks. Pro Bowl linebacker Von Miller led the team with 11 sacks, forced four", + "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d8": "Emmanuel Sanders", + "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d9": "C. J. Anderson", + "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5da": "4.7", + "56beb6533aeaaa14008c928d": "4,530", + "56beb6533aeaaa14008c928e": "5\u00bd sacks. Pro Bowl linebacker Von Miller led the team with 11", "56beb6533aeaaa14008c9290": "Brandon Marshall", "56beb6533aeaaa14008c9291": "three", - "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c9588": "Linebacker DeMarcus Ware was selected to play in the Pro Bowl", - "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c9589": "Linebacker DeMarcus Ware was selected to play in the Pro Bowl for the ninth time in his career, ranking second on the team with 7\u00bd sacks", - "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c958b": "fourth", - "56d6fea90d65d214001982ae": "4,530) for the first time in franchise history, and fourth", - "56d6fea90d65d214001982af": "Pro Bowl linebacker Von Miller", - "56d6fea90d65d214001982b0": "DeMarcus Ware", + "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c9588": "Pro Bowl", + "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c9589": "Linebacker", + "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c958b": "Defensive ends", + "56d6fea90d65d214001982ae": "296", + "56d6fea90d65d214001982af": "DeMarcus Ware", + "56d6fea90d65d214001982b0": "Brandon Marshall", "56d6fea90d65d214001982b2": "three", - "56d99da8dc89441400fdb5fd": "linebacker Von Miller", + "56d99da8dc89441400fdb5fd": "Pro Bowl linebacker Von Miller", "56d99da8dc89441400fdb5ff": "Linebacker Brandon Marshall", "56d99da8dc89441400fdb600": "Derek Wolfe and Malik Jackson", "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a1": "Seattle Seahawks", @@ -310,15 +310,15 @@ "56bf34293aeaaa14008c9559": "Arizona Cardinals", "56bf34293aeaaa14008c955a": "49\u201315", "56bf34293aeaaa14008c955b": "49\u201315", - "56d701280d65d214001982b8": "the Seattle Seahawks", + "56d701280d65d214001982b8": "Seattle Seahawks", "56d701280d65d214001982ba": "Arizona Cardinals", "56d701280d65d214001982bc": "seven", - "56d99e78dc89441400fdb616": "the Seattle Seahawks", + "56d99e78dc89441400fdb616": "Seattle Seahawks", "56d99e78dc89441400fdb618": "49\u201315", "56d99e78dc89441400fdb619": "Arizona Cardinals", "56d99e78dc89441400fdb61a": "487", "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ab": "Pittsburgh Steelers", - "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ac": "11 points", + "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ac": "11", "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ad": "New England Patriots", "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ae": "20\u201318", "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92af": "17 seconds", @@ -326,479 +326,479 @@ "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9562": "11 points", "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9563": "New England Patriots", "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9564": "17", - "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9565": "interceptions", + "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9565": "Manning", "56d7018a0d65d214001982c2": "Pittsburgh Steelers", - "56d7018a0d65d214001982c3": "11 points", + "56d7018a0d65d214001982c3": "11", "56d7018a0d65d214001982c5": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "56d99f99dc89441400fdb628": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "56d99f99dc89441400fdb629": "New England Patriots", "56d99f99dc89441400fdb62c": "17", "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b5": "Thomas Davis", "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b6": "three ACL tears", - "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b7": "11-year veteran who had already overcome three", + "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b7": "11", "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b8": "11", - "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9575": "11-year veteran who had already overcome three ACL tears", - "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9576": "11-year veteran who had already overcome three ACL tears in his career, went down with a broken arm", + "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9575": "three ACL tears", + "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9576": "arm", "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9577": "11", - "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9579": "NFC Championship", - "56d703d10d65d214001982d6": "11-year veteran who had already overcome three", + "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9579": "the Super Bowl", + "56d703d10d65d214001982d6": "three", "56d703d10d65d214001982d7": "three ACL tears", "56d703d10d65d214001982d8": "11", "56d9a026dc89441400fdb632": "Thomas Davis", - "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92bd": "age 39", + "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92bd": "39", "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92be": "John Elway", - "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92bf": "39", - "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92c0": "Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38 and is currently Denver's Executive Vice President of Football Operations and General Manager", - "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92c1": "John Elway, who led the Broncos", - "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9591": "John Elway, who led the Broncos", + "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92bf": "38", + "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92c0": "Executive Vice President of Football Operations", + "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92c1": "Broncos", + "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9591": "Broncos", "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9592": "John Elway", - "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9593": "39", + "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9593": "38", "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9594": "John Elway", - "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9595": "two different teams to multiple Super Bowls. He is also the oldest quarterback ever to play in a Super Bowl at age 39", + "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9595": "39", "56d704430d65d214001982de": "two", "56d704430d65d214001982e0": "Peyton Manning", "56d704430d65d214001982e1": "John Elway", - "56d704430d65d214001982e2": "John Elway, who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII", + "56d704430d65d214001982e2": "Super Bowl XXXIII", "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb63e": "Peyton Manning", "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb63f": "39", "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb640": "John Elway", - "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c7": "2011", + "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c7": "1998", "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c8": "2011", - "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c9": "13 years", - "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92ca": "48 days", + "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c9": "26", + "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92ca": "26", "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92cb": "Newton", - "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959b": "Newton", + "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959b": "Manning", "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959c": "Newton", - "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959d": "13 years", - "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959e": "#1", - "56d7096b0d65d214001982fc": "1998 NFL draft", - "56d7096b0d65d214001982fd": "1998 NFL draft", + "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959d": "26", + "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959e": "quarterback on both teams who was the #1", + "56d7096b0d65d214001982fc": "1998", + "56d7096b0d65d214001982fd": "2011", "56d7096b0d65d214001982fe": "Newton", "56d9a199dc89441400fdb647": "2011", - "56d9a199dc89441400fdb648": "13 years", - "56d9a199dc89441400fdb649": "largest age difference between opposing Super Bowl quarterbacks at 13 years and 48 days", - "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92db": "Super Bowls XXI and XXIV", + "56d9a199dc89441400fdb648": "26", + "56d9a199dc89441400fdb649": "26", + "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92db": "Super Bowl XX", "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92dc": "Chicago Bears", - "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92dd": "first Super Bowl in which both head coaches", - "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92de": "Elway at the end of the Broncos", - "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92df": "Chicago Bears", - "56bf6c3e3aeaaa14008c9615": "first Super Bowl in which both head coaches", - "56bf6c3e3aeaaa14008c9617": "head coaches", - "56d709ef0d65d21400198306": "Kubiak replacing Elway at the end of the Broncos' defeats in Super Bowls XXI and XXIV", - "56d709ef0d65d21400198307": "Super Bowls XXI and XXIV", + "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92dd": "linebacker", + "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92de": "Elway", + "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92df": "Elway", + "56bf6c3e3aeaaa14008c9615": "linebacker", + "56bf6c3e3aeaaa14008c9617": "Elway", + "56d709ef0d65d21400198306": "Kubiak", + "56d709ef0d65d21400198307": "Super Bowl XX", "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e5": "Justin Tucker", - "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e6": "419", + "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e6": "Bermuda 419", "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e7": "Ed Mangan", "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e8": "Baltimore Ravens", - "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e9": "Baltimore Ravens", + "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e9": "Baltimore Ravens kicker", "56bf467d3aeaaa14008c95a5": "Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker", - "56bf467d3aeaaa14008c95a6": "kicker Justin Tucker, causing him to slip and miss a field goal", - "56bf467d3aeaaa14008c95a7": "host a Super Bowl; during the inaugural season, the field had to be re-sodded multiple times due to various issues", - "56d70adc0d65d21400198311": "Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker", - "56d70adc0d65d21400198312": "re-sodded multiple times due to various issues", - "56d70adc0d65d21400198313": "Super Bowl", - "56d70adc0d65d21400198314": "cleats during the game and player slipping", - "56d9a419dc89441400fdb678": "Super Bowl", - "56d9a419dc89441400fdb679": "grass stadiums", - "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92f9": "AFC and NFC teams, the Broncos", - "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fa": "34\u201319", + "56bf467d3aeaaa14008c95a6": "kicker", + "56bf467d3aeaaa14008c95a7": "hybrid Bermuda 419 turf.", + "56d70adc0d65d21400198311": "Justin Tucker", + "56d70adc0d65d21400198312": "re-sodded the field with a new playing surface", + "56d70adc0d65d21400198313": "hybrid Bermuda 419 turf.", + "56d70adc0d65d21400198314": "cleats", + "56d9a419dc89441400fdb678": "the turf showed problem throughout the game", + "56d9a419dc89441400fdb679": "hybrid", + "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92f9": "Pittsburgh Steelers", + "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fa": "0-4", "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fb": "Pittsburgh Steelers", - "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fc": "white jerseys", - "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fd": "Denver QB", - "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ab": "blue jerseys", - "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ac": "34\u201319", - "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ae": "the Atlanta Falcons", - "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95af": "white pants", - "56d70ccc0d65d2140019831d": "white jerseys with matching white pants", - "56d70ccc0d65d2140019831f": "Broncos", - "56d9a637dc89441400fdb697": "silver pants", - "56d9a637dc89441400fdb698": "silver pants", - "56d9a637dc89441400fdb699": "blue jerseys", - "56d9a637dc89441400fdb69a": "silver pants", - "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9303": "San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott. The Broncos practiced at Stanford University and stayed at the Santa Clara Marriott", - "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9304": "San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott. The Broncos practiced at Stanford University and stayed at the Santa Clara Marriott", + "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fc": "white", + "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fd": "Super Bowl", + "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ab": "Super Bowl", + "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ac": "0-4", + "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ae": "Atlanta Falcons", + "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95af": "white", + "56d70ccc0d65d2140019831d": "white", + "56d70ccc0d65d2140019831f": "Pittsburgh Steelers", + "56d9a637dc89441400fdb697": "Super Bowl XXXIII", + "56d9a637dc89441400fdb698": "white", + "56d9a637dc89441400fdb699": "blue", + "56d9a637dc89441400fdb69a": "blue jerseys", + "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9303": "San Jose State", + "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9304": "Stanford", "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9305": "Santa Clara", "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9306": "Santa Clara", "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b5": "Santa Clara Marriott", "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b6": "San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott", - "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b7": "Santa Clara Marriott", - "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b8": "Santa Clara Marriott", - "56d70d240d65d21400198326": "Santa Clara Marriott", + "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b7": "San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott. The Broncos practiced at Stanford University", + "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b8": "Stanford University", + "56d70d240d65d21400198326": "San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott. The Broncos practiced at Stanford University", "56d70d240d65d21400198327": "Santa Clara Marriott", - "56d70d240d65d21400198328": "Santa Clara Marriott", + "56d70d240d65d21400198328": "Stanford University", "56d70d240d65d21400198329": "Santa Clara Marriott", - "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a0": "San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott. The Broncos practiced at Stanford University and stayed at the Santa Clara Marriott", - "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a1": "Santa Clara Marriott", - "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a2": "Santa Clara Marriott", + "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a0": "San Jose State", + "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a1": "San Jose Marriott", + "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a2": "Stanford University", "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a3": "Santa Clara Marriott", "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9315": "June 4, 2014", - "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9316": "Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50", + "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9316": "Super Bowl V, would be temporarily suspended, and that the game would be named using Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50", "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9317": "Jaime Weston", - "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9318": "Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50", - "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9319": "Jaime Weston", + "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9318": "Super Bowl XLV", + "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9319": "Vince Lombardi Trophy", "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95bd": "2014", - "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95be": "Super Bowl V, would be temporarily suspended, and that the game would be named using Arabic numerals", - "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95c0": "Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50", + "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95be": "Super Bowl L. The use of Roman numerals will be reinstated for Super Bowl LI", + "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95c0": "Super Bowl 50", "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95c1": "Arabic numerals", "56d70daa0d65d21400198332": "June 4, 2014", - "56d70daa0d65d21400198333": "Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50", - "56d70daa0d65d21400198334": "Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50 as opposed to Super Bowl L", + "56d70daa0d65d21400198333": "Super Bowl 50", + "56d70daa0d65d21400198334": "Super Bowl", "56d70daa0d65d21400198335": "Arabic numerals", - "56d70daa0d65d21400198336": "Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50", - "56d9a7addc89441400fdb6a8": "Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50", - "56d9a7addc89441400fdb6ab": "Arabic numerals", - "56bebc383aeaaa14008c931f": "gold-tinted logos were implemented across the NFL's properties and painted on fields, the numbering of the 50-yard line on fields was colored gold", + "56d70daa0d65d21400198336": "June 4, 2014", + "56d9a7addc89441400fdb6a8": "Arabic numerals", + "56d9a7addc89441400fdb6ab": "Super Bowl 50", + "56bebc383aeaaa14008c931f": "gold", "56bebc383aeaaa14008c9320": "week 7", - "56bebc383aeaaa14008c9321": "50-yard line on fields", - "56bf52483aeaaa14008c95c7": "gold-tinted logos were implemented across the NFL's properties and painted on fields, the numbering of the 50-yard line on fields was colored gold", - "56bf52483aeaaa14008c95c8": "colored gold", - "56d70e570d65d2140019833c": "colored gold, and beginning on week 7, all sideline jackets and hats featured gold-trimmed logos", - "56d70e570d65d2140019833e": "\"homecoming", - "56d70e570d65d2140019833f": "50-yard line on fields", - "56d9b01fdc89441400fdb6d4": "gold-tinted logos were implemented across the NFL's properties and painted on fields, the numbering of the 50-yard line on fields was colored gold", - "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9325": "San Francisco", + "56bebc383aeaaa14008c9321": "50", + "56bf52483aeaaa14008c95c7": "gold", + "56bf52483aeaaa14008c95c8": "gold", + "56d70e570d65d2140019833c": "homecoming", + "56d70e570d65d2140019833e": "Gold footballs", + "56d70e570d65d2140019833f": "50", + "56d9b01fdc89441400fdb6d4": "gold", + "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9325": "Moscone Center in San Francisco. In addition, \"Super Bowl City\" opened on January 30 at Justin Herman Plaza on The Embarcadero", "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9326": "San Francisco", "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9327": "Ed Lee", - "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9328": "Ed Lee", + "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9328": "Jane Kim", "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9329": "January 30", "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95cb": "1 million", "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95cc": "Ed Lee", "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95cd": "Moscone Center", - "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95ce": "Super Bowl City\"", - "56d7145c0d65d2140019834c": "San Francisco", - "56d7145c0d65d2140019834d": "Super Bowl City\"", + "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95ce": "Super Bowl City", + "56d7145c0d65d2140019834c": "Moscone Center", + "56d7145c0d65d2140019834d": "Super Bowl City", "56d7145c0d65d2140019834f": "Ed Lee", - "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ec": "Super Bowl City\" opened on January 30 at Justin Herman Plaza on The Embarcadero", - "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ed": "1 million", + "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ec": "Super Bowl City", + "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ed": "More than 1 million", "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ee": "San Francisco mayor Ed Lee", "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ef": "$5 million", - "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6f0": "games and activities that will highlight the Bay Area's technology, culinary creations, and cultural diversity", + "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6f0": "games", "56bebd713aeaaa14008c932f": "Santa Clara University", "56bebd713aeaaa14008c9330": "$2 million", - "56bebd713aeaaa14008c9331": "week", + "56bebd713aeaaa14008c9331": "week-long", "56bf555e3aeaaa14008c95d3": "$2 million", - "56bf555e3aeaaa14008c95d4": "pep rally", + "56bf555e3aeaaa14008c95d4": "pep", "56bf555e3aeaaa14008c95d5": "the city council", "56d714cd0d65d21400198356": "Bellomy Field at Santa Clara University", - "56d714cd0d65d21400198358": "A professional fundraiser will aid in finding business sponsors and individual donors, but still may need the city council", + "56d714cd0d65d21400198358": "city council", "56d714cd0d65d21400198359": "city council", "56d9b43edc89441400fdb700": "$2 million", - "56d9b43edc89441400fdb701": "the city council", - "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9335": "February 1", - "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9336": "Tuesday afternoon prior to the game, was moved to the Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night", - "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9337": "San Jose", + "56d9b43edc89441400fdb701": "city council", + "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9335": "Monday", + "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9336": "Monday", + "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9337": "SAP Center", "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9338": "San Jose", "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9339": "Golden Gate Bridge", - "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95d9": "Tuesday afternoon", - "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95da": "February 1, 2016", - "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95db": "Super Bowl Opening Night", - "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95dc": "Super Bowl Opening Night", + "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95d9": "Tuesday", + "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95da": "Monday", + "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95db": "game's media day", + "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95dc": "SAP Center in San Jose. Alongside the traditional media availabilities", "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95dd": "San Jose", - "56d71bd80d65d2140019835e": "Tuesday afternoon", + "56d71bd80d65d2140019835e": "Tuesday afternoon prior", "56d71bd80d65d21400198360": "Super Bowl Opening Night", - "56d71bd80d65d21400198361": "San Jose", - "56d71bd80d65d21400198362": "Golden Gate Bridge", + "56d71bd80d65d21400198361": "SAP Center in San Jose", + "56d71bd80d65d21400198362": "the Golden Gate Bridge", "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb708": "Monday evening", - "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb709": "Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night", - "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb70a": "San Jose", - "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb70b": "San Jose. Alongside the traditional media availabilities, the event featured an opening ceremony with player introductions on a replica of the Golden Gate Bridge", + "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb709": "game's media day", + "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb70a": "SAP Center in San Jose", + "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb70b": "Golden Gate Bridge", "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb70c": "February 1, 2016", - "56bebe873aeaaa14008c933f": "Super Bowl", - "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9340": "$40 million", - "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9341": "Apple, Google, Yahoo!", + "56bebe873aeaaa14008c933f": "the Super Bowl program", + "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9340": "over $40 million", + "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9341": "Dignity Health", "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9342": "Apple, Google, Yahoo!", - "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9343": "Apple, Google, Yahoo!", + "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9343": "Apple", "56bf59523aeaaa14008c95e3": "the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee", "56bf59523aeaaa14008c95e4": "$40 million", - "56bf59523aeaaa14008c95e5": "$40 million", - "56d71cb60d65d21400198368": "Connect", - "56d9b5ffdc89441400fdb720": "Connect", - "56d9b5ffdc89441400fdb721": "$40 million", + "56bf59523aeaaa14008c95e5": "The host committee has already raised over $40 million through sponsors", + "56d71cb60d65d21400198368": "the Super Bowl program", + "56d9b5ffdc89441400fdb720": "the Super Bowl program", + "56d9b5ffdc89441400fdb721": "over $40 million", "56bebec43aeaaa14008c9349": "25 percent", "56bebec43aeaaa14008c934a": "the 50 fund", "56bf5abc3aeaaa14008c95e9": "25 percent", - "56bf5abc3aeaaa14008c95ea": "the 50 fund as its philanthropic initiative", - "56d71d150d65d2140019836e": "\"the most giving Super Bowl ever", + "56bf5abc3aeaaa14008c95ea": "the 50 fund", + "56d71d150d65d2140019836e": "the most giving Super Bowl ever", "56d71d150d65d2140019836f": "25 percent", - "56d71d150d65d21400198370": "the 50 fund as its philanthropic initiative", - "56d9b6a3dc89441400fdb72f": "25 percent", - "56d9b6a3dc89441400fdb730": "the 50 fund as its philanthropic initiative and focuses on providing grants to aid with youth development, community investment and sustainable environments", - "56bec0353aeaaa14008c934d": "Vince Lombardi", - "56bec0353aeaaa14008c934e": "18-karat gold-plated \"50", - "56bec0353aeaaa14008c934f": "15 kg)", + "56d71d150d65d21400198370": "the 50 fund", + "56d9b6a3dc89441400fdb72f": "25", + "56d9b6a3dc89441400fdb730": "the 50 fund", + "56bec0353aeaaa14008c934d": "Vince Lombardi Trophy", + "56bec0353aeaaa14008c934e": "18", + "56bec0353aeaaa14008c934f": "33 lb (15 kg)", "56bec0353aeaaa14008c9350": "Tiffany & Co.", - "56bec0353aeaaa14008c9351": "Tiffany & Co", - "56bf5b933aeaaa14008c95ed": "Vince Lombardi Trophy that all Super Bowl champions receive, the winner of Super Bowl 50", - "56bf5b933aeaaa14008c95ef": "18-karat gold-plated \"50\". Each digit will weigh 33 lb", + "56bec0353aeaaa14008c9351": "Tiffany & Co.", + "56bf5b933aeaaa14008c95ed": "Vince Lombardi Trophy", + "56bf5b933aeaaa14008c95ef": "18-karat gold", "56bf5b933aeaaa14008c95f1": "Tiffany & Co.", "56d71d9d0d65d21400198374": "Vince Lombardi Trophy that all Super Bowl champions receive, the winner of Super Bowl 50", - "56d71d9d0d65d21400198377": "Tiffany & Co", - "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c9357": "CBS", + "56d71d9d0d65d21400198377": "Tiffany & Co.", + "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c9357": "EyeVision 360", "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c9358": "Tracy Wolfson and Evan Washburn", "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c9359": "Tracy Wolfson", "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c935a": "36", "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c935b": "5K resolution", "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95f7": "three", - "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95f8": "5K resolution", - "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95f9": "360-degree view of plays and \"bullet time\" effects", + "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95f8": "on the sidelines", + "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95f9": "360-degree", "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95fa": "5K resolution", - "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95fb": "Tracy Wolfson and Evan Washburn on the sidelines", - "56d71ed50d65d2140019837c": "CBS", + "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95fb": "on the sidelines", + "56d71ed50d65d2140019837c": "EyeVision was last used in Super Bowl XXXV", "56d71ed50d65d2140019837d": "three", "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb740": "Super Bowl XXXV", - "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb741": "cameras", - "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb742": "cameras", + "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb741": "CBS", + "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb742": "Tracy Wolfson and Evan Washburn", "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb743": "5K resolution", "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb744": "5K resolution", - "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9361": "NBC and Fox", + "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9361": "ESPN", "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9362": "John Sutcliffe", - "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9363": "NBC and Fox", + "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9363": "Alvaro Martin and Raul Allegre, and sideline reporter John Sutcliffe", "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9364": "December 28, 2015", "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9365": "Spanish", - "56bf6d343aeaaa14008c961b": "NBC and Fox", + "56bf6d343aeaaa14008c961b": "ESPN", "56d71fc00d65d21400198386": "ESPN Deportes", "56d71fc00d65d21400198389": "John Sutcliffe", - "56d9ba95dc89441400fdb754": "NBC and Fox", - "56d9ba95dc89441400fdb757": "Mike & Mike", - "56d9ba95dc89441400fdb758": "John Sutcliffe. ESPN Deportes broadcast pre-game and post-game coverage, while Martin, Allegre, and Sutcliffe", - "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9371": "NFL Mobile service", - "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9372": "NFL Mobile service. The ESPN Deportes Spanish broadcast was made available through WatchESPN", + "56d9ba95dc89441400fdb754": "ESPN Deportes", + "56d9ba95dc89441400fdb757": "Alvaro Martin and Raul Allegre, and sideline reporter John Sutcliffe.", + "56d9ba95dc89441400fdb758": "John Sutcliffe", + "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9371": "NFL Mobile", + "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9372": "NFL Mobile", "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9373": "CBSSports.com", "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9374": "tablets", - "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9375": "Chromecast and Roku). Due to Verizon Communications exclusivity", + "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9375": "tablets", "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c961f": "CBSSports.com", "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c9620": "CBSSports.com", - "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c9621": "Chromecast and Roku). Due to Verizon Communications exclusivity, streaming on smartphones was only provided to Verizon", - "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c9622": "Verizon Communications exclusivity, streaming", - "56d7205e0d65d21400198391": "Verizon Communications exclusivity, streaming on smartphones was only provided to Verizon", + "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c9621": "Verizon", + "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c9622": "Verizon Communications exclusivity", + "56d7205e0d65d21400198391": "Verizon", "56d7205e0d65d21400198392": "NFL Mobile", - "56d9bc13dc89441400fdb75e": "Chromecast and Roku). Due to Verizon Communications exclusivity", - "56d9bc13dc89441400fdb75f": "Verizon Communications exclusivity, streaming", + "56d9bc13dc89441400fdb75e": "digital streams", + "56d9bc13dc89441400fdb75f": "Verizon Communications", "56d9bc13dc89441400fdb760": "WatchESPN", - "56bec2573aeaaa14008c937b": "Stephen Colbert", - "56bec2573aeaaa14008c937c": "Stephen Colbert", + "56bec2573aeaaa14008c937b": "late night", + "56bec2573aeaaa14008c937c": "Super Bowl 50", "56bf6f743aeaaa14008c9631": "Stephen Colbert", "56bf6f743aeaaa14008c9632": "Stephen Colbert", - "56d720c70d65d21400198396": "Stephen Colbert", - "56d720c70d65d21400198397": "Super Bowl 50", - "56d720c70d65d21400198398": "Stephen Colbert", + "56d720c70d65d21400198396": "Super Bowl 50", + "56d720c70d65d21400198397": "the game", + "56d720c70d65d21400198398": "late night talk shows", "56bec3153aeaaa14008c9389": "$5,000,000", - "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938a": "CBS", - "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938b": "CBS", - "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938c": "20th anniversary", + "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938a": "Anheuser-Busch InBev", + "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938b": "Doritos", + "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938c": "20th", "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9635": "$5,000,000", - "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9637": "CBS", - "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9638": "CBS", - "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9639": "CBS", - "56d721af0d65d2140019839e": "CBS", - "56d721af0d65d2140019839f": "CBS", - "56d721af0d65d214001983a0": "CBS", - "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb768": "CBS", - "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb769": "CBS", - "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb76a": "Nintendo and The Pok\u00e9mon Company also made their Super Bowl debut, promoting the 20th anniversary of the Pok\u00e9mon video game and media franchise", - "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c9397": "Small Business Big Game\" contest", + "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9637": "Anheuser-Busch InBev", + "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9638": "Doritos", + "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9639": "Pok\u00e9mon", + "56d721af0d65d2140019839e": "Pok\u00e9mon Company", + "56d721af0d65d2140019839f": "Anheuser-Busch InBev", + "56d721af0d65d214001983a0": "Doritos", + "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb768": "Anheuser-Busch InBev", + "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb769": "Doritos", + "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb76a": "Crash the Super Bowl", + "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c9397": "\"Small Business Big Game\" contest, in which Death Wish Coffee", "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c9398": "Death Wish Coffee", - "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c9399": "30-second commercial aired free of charge courtesy of QuickBooks. Death Wish Coffee beat out nine", - "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c939a": "30-second commercial aired free of charge courtesy of QuickBooks. Death Wish Coffee beat out nine", + "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c9399": "30-second", + "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c939a": "nine", "56bf71e73aeaaa14008c963f": "Death Wish Coffee", - "56bf71e73aeaaa14008c9640": "30-second commercial aired free of charge courtesy of QuickBooks. Death Wish Coffee beat out nine", + "56bf71e73aeaaa14008c9640": "nine", "56d722330d65d214001983a6": "QuickBooks", "56d722330d65d214001983a7": "Death Wish Coffee", - "56d722330d65d214001983a8": "30-second commercial aired free of charge courtesy of QuickBooks. Death Wish Coffee beat out nine", - "56d9be16dc89441400fdb770": "Death Wish Coffee", + "56d722330d65d214001983a8": "nine", + "56d9be16dc89441400fdb770": "QuickBooks", "56d9be16dc89441400fdb771": "Death Wish Coffee", - "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93a9": "the Super Bowl", - "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93aa": "Deadpool, X-Men: Apocalypse, Independence Day: Resurgence and Eddie the Eagle", - "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93ab": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles", - "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93ac": "Resurgence and Eddie the Eagle", - "56d723560d65d214001983ac": "Super Bowl", - "56d723560d65d214001983ad": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles", - "56d723560d65d214001983ae": "Jason Bourne and Disney paid for Captain America: Civil War, The Jungle Book and Alice Through the Looking Glass", - "56d723560d65d214001983af": "Civil War", - "56d9bf70dc89441400fdb77b": "Deadpool, X-Men: Apocalypse", - "56d9bf70dc89441400fdb77c": "Universal Studios and Walt Disney Studios", + "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93a9": "movie", + "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93aa": "movie", + "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93ab": "Out of the Shadows", + "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93ac": "Independence Day: Resurgence", + "56d723560d65d214001983ac": "Independence Day: Resurgence and Eddie the Eagle, Lionsgate paid for Gods of Egypt", + "56d723560d65d214001983ad": "Out of the Shadows", + "56d723560d65d214001983ae": "Jason Bourne", + "56d723560d65d214001983af": "Captain America: Civil War", + "56d9bf70dc89441400fdb77b": "Deadpool", + "56d9bf70dc89441400fdb77c": "Walt Disney Studios", "56d9bf70dc89441400fdb77d": "Universal Studios and Walt Disney Studios", - "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b1": "North America", + "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b1": "Westwood One", "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b2": "Kevin Harlan", "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b3": "Jim Gray", - "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b4": "James Lofton and Mark Malone", + "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b4": "Boomer Esiason", "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b5": "James Lofton", - "56bf738b3aeaaa14008c9655": "James Lofton and Mark Malone", + "56bf738b3aeaaa14008c9655": "Dan Fouts", "56bf738b3aeaaa14008c9656": "Kevin Harlan", - "56d723ad0d65d214001983b4": "Westwood", + "56d723ad0d65d214001983b4": "Westwood One", "56d723ad0d65d214001983b5": "Kevin Harlan", "56d723ad0d65d214001983b8": "Jim Gray", "56d9c049dc89441400fdb78e": "Jim Gray", - "56d9c049dc89441400fdb78f": "James Lofton and Mark Malone", + "56d9c049dc89441400fdb78f": "Dan Fouts", "56d9c049dc89441400fdb790": "James Lofton and Mark Malone", - "56d9c049dc89441400fdb791": "pre-game and halftime coverage", + "56d9c049dc89441400fdb791": "halftime coverage", "56d9c049dc89441400fdb792": "North America", - "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93cf": "KOA (850 AM) and KRFX", - "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d0": "Dave Logan", + "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93cf": "KRFX", + "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d0": "Mick Mixon", "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d1": "1110 AM", - "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d2": "Chester, South Carolina", + "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d2": "Chester", "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d3": "Mick Mixon", "56d724620d65d214001983be": "Mick Mixon", - "56d724620d65d214001983bf": "Eugene Robinson and Jim Szoke on color commentary. WBT", + "56d724620d65d214001983bf": "Ed McCaffrey", "56d724620d65d214001983c0": "WBT", "56d724620d65d214001983c1": "Mick Mixon", - "56d9c203dc89441400fdb7a0": "850 AM) and KRFX", - "56d9c203dc89441400fdb7a3": "103.5 FM", - "56bec5ff3aeaaa14008c93e3": "Radio 5 Live and 5 Live Sports Extra", - "56bec5ff3aeaaa14008c93e4": "Sports Extra", + "56d9c203dc89441400fdb7a0": "KOA (850 AM) and KRFX", + "56d9c203dc89441400fdb7a3": "KRFX", + "56bec5ff3aeaaa14008c93e3": "BBC Radio 5 Live", + "56bec5ff3aeaaa14008c93e4": "5 Live Sports Extra", "56bec5ff3aeaaa14008c93e5": "Darren Fletcher", - "56d724ea0d65d214001983c8": "BBC Radio 5 Live and 5 Live Sports Extra will carry the contest. The BBC", + "56d724ea0d65d214001983c8": "The BBC", "56d724ea0d65d214001983c9": "Greg Brady", "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93e9": "Bart Starr", "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93ea": "Bart Starr (MVP of Super Bowls I and II) and Chuck Howley", - "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93eb": "Bart Starr", + "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93eb": "Peyton Manning", "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93ec": "2001", - "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93ed": "Bart Starr (MVP of Super Bowls I and II) and Chuck Howley (MVP of Super Bowl V) appeared via video, while Peyton Manning", - "56d7251d0d65d214001983cc": "39 of the 43", + "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93ed": "Peyton Manning", + "56d7251d0d65d214001983cc": "39", "56d7251d0d65d214001983cd": "Peyton Manning", - "56d7251d0d65d214001983cf": "Harvey Martin, co-MVP of Super Bowl XII", + "56d7251d0d65d214001983cf": "Harvey Martin", "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b4": "43", - "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b5": "39 of the 43", + "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b5": "39", "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b6": "Bart Starr", - "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b7": "Bart Starr (MVP of Super Bowls I and II) and Chuck Howley (MVP of Super Bowl V) appeared via video, while Peyton Manning", - "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b8": "Harvey Martin, co-MVP of Super Bowl XII", + "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b7": "Peyton Manning", + "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b8": "Harvey Martin", "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93fd": "Six", "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93fe": "the national anthem", "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93ff": "Academy Award", - "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c9400": "Sign Language", - "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c9401": "American Sign Language", + "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c9400": "American Sign Language", + "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c9401": "American Sign", "56d20650e7d4791d00902614": "Lady Gaga", "56d20650e7d4791d00902615": "Marlee Matlin", "56d7253b0d65d214001983d4": "Lady Gaga", "56d7253b0d65d214001983d5": "Marlee Matlin", "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c4": "Lady Gaga", "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c5": "Six", - "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c6": "Lady Gaga performed the national anthem, while Academy Award winner Marlee Matlin", - "56bec7353aeaaa14008c940d": "December 3, the league confirmed that the show would be headlined by the British rock group Coldplay. On January 7, 2016", + "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c6": "Marlee Matlin", + "56bec7353aeaaa14008c940d": "December 3", "56bec7353aeaaa14008c940e": "British", - "56bec7353aeaaa14008c940f": "Coldplay", - "56bec7353aeaaa14008c9410": "\"Hymn for the Weekend", - "56bec7353aeaaa14008c9411": "Mark Ronson", - "56d725790d65d214001983d8": "Bruno Mars, who headlined the Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show, and Mark Ronson", - "56d725790d65d214001983da": "British rock group Coldplay. On January 7, 2016, Pepsi confirmed to the Associated Press", - "56d725790d65d214001983db": "\"Hymn for the Weekend", + "56bec7353aeaaa14008c940f": "Super Bowl XLVII", + "56bec7353aeaaa14008c9410": "Hymn for the Weekend", + "56bec7353aeaaa14008c9411": "Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show", + "56d725790d65d214001983d8": "Bruno Mars", + "56d725790d65d214001983da": "Associated Press", + "56d725790d65d214001983db": "Hymn for the Weekend", "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d0": "Bruno Mars", - "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d1": "Pepsi confirmed to the Associated Press", - "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d2": "the single \"Hymn for the Weekend", - "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d3": "Bruno Mars, who headlined the Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show, and Mark Ronson", + "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d1": "Hymn for the Weekend", + "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d2": "Hymn for the Weekend", + "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d3": "Mark Ronson", "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c9417": "Denver", "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c9418": "Andre Caldwell", "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c9419": "Ronnie Hillman", - "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c941a": "C. J. Anderson", - "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c941b": "C. J. Anderson", - "56d728a10d65d21400198413": "14", + "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c941a": "Peyton Manning", + "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c941b": "Andre Caldwell. A pair of carries by C. J. Anderson", + "56d728a10d65d21400198413": "18", "56d728a10d65d21400198414": "linebacker Shaq Thompson", - "56d728a10d65d21400198415": "linebacker Shaq Thompson", - "56d728a10d65d21400198416": "deficit", - "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7d8": "Carolina", - "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7d9": "Andre Caldwell", + "56d728a10d65d21400198415": "Peyton Manning", + "56d728a10d65d21400198416": "a deficit", + "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7d8": "Denver", + "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7d9": "tight end Owen Daniels", "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7da": "C. J. Anderson", - "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7db": "Ronnie Hillman", - "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7dc": "a deficit", + "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7db": "Peyton Manning", + "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7dc": "score", "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942b": "Mike Carey", - "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942c": "an incompletion", + "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942c": "Newton", "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942d": "linebacker Von Miller", "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942e": "Malik Jackson", "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942f": "Super Bowl XXVIII", - "56d728e00d65d2140019841c": "CBS analyst and retired referee Mike Carey", - "56d728e00d65d2140019841d": "CBS analyst and retired referee Mike Carey", - "56d728e00d65d2140019841e": "Mike Carey", - "56d728e00d65d2140019841f": "linebacker Von Miller", + "56d728e00d65d2140019841c": "Jerricho Cotchery", + "56d728e00d65d2140019841d": "Mike Carey", + "56d728e00d65d2140019841e": "linebacker Von Miller", + "56d728e00d65d2140019841f": "Malik Jackson", "56d728e00d65d21400198420": "1993", "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7e7": "Mike Carey", - "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7e8": "Mike Carey", + "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7e8": "linebacker Von Miller", "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7e9": "Malik Jackson", - "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7ea": "1993 season", + "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7ea": "end of the 1993 season", "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9435": "Jonathan Stewart", - "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9436": "Jonathan Stewart", + "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9436": "both teams", "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9437": "28", - "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9438": "25", - "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9439": "25", - "56d729180d65d21400198426": "51 yards and rushed twice for 25 yards", + "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9438": "61", + "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9439": "33", + "56d729180d65d21400198426": "51", "56d729180d65d21400198427": "Jonathan Stewart", "56d729180d65d21400198428": "11:28", - "56d729180d65d21400198429": "Jonathan Stewart", - "56d729180d65d2140019842a": "4 of 4 passes for 51 yards and rushed twice for 25 yards", - "56d9c6e0dc89441400fdb7f0": "Jonathan Stewart", - "56d9c6e0dc89441400fdb7f4": "1-yard touchdown run", - "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9445": "safety Darian Stewart", - "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9446": "40-yard line", - "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9447": "defensive end Kony", - "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9448": "Newton", - "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9449": "Mike Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", + "56d729180d65d21400198429": "Mario Addison", + "56d729180d65d2140019842a": "33", + "56d9c6e0dc89441400fdb7f0": "Mario Addison", + "56d9c6e0dc89441400fdb7f4": "10\u20137", + "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9445": "Darian Stewart", + "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9446": "linebacker", + "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9447": "Kony", + "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9448": "DeMarcus Ware", + "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9449": "DeMarcus Ware", "56d729ec0d65d21400198430": "Danny Trevathan", - "56d729ec0d65d21400198431": "Ealy tipped a Manning", - "56d729ec0d65d21400198432": "1:55", - "56d729ec0d65d21400198434": "safety Darian Stewart", - "56d9c79edc89441400fdb804": "Mike Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart, which linebacker Danny Trevathan", - "56d9c79edc89441400fdb805": "Mike Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", + "56d729ec0d65d21400198431": "Kony", + "56d729ec0d65d21400198432": "19", + "56d729ec0d65d21400198434": "Mike Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", + "56d9c79edc89441400fdb804": "Mike Tolbert", + "56d9c79edc89441400fdb805": "Mike", "56d9c79edc89441400fdb806": "Kony", - "56d9c79edc89441400fdb807": "intercepted it, returning the ball 19 yards to the Panthers 39-yard line with 1:55 left on the clock", + "56d9c79edc89441400fdb807": "punt", "56d9c79edc89441400fdb808": "DeMarcus Ware", - "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9455": "Graham Gano", - "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9456": "Emmanuel Sanders", - "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9457": "44-yard field goal attempt. After the miss, Manning completed a pair of passes to Emmanuel Sanders for gains of 25 and 22 yards", + "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9455": "Corey Brown", + "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9456": "Graham Gano", + "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9457": "25", "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9458": "McManus", - "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9459": "J. Ward", - "56d7282f0d65d21400198408": "Ted Ginn", - "56d7282f0d65d21400198409": "44-yard field goal attempt", - "56d7282f0d65d2140019840a": "J. Ward", - "56d7282f0d65d2140019840c": "J. Ward. Ward fumbled the ball during the return, but Trevathan", - "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb80e": "Ted Ginn", - "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb80f": "26-yard line", + "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9459": "T. J. Ward", + "56d7282f0d65d21400198408": "Ted Ginn Jr.", + "56d7282f0d65d21400198409": "the uprights", + "56d7282f0d65d2140019840a": "T. J. Ward", + "56d7282f0d65d2140019840c": "Trevathan", + "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb80e": "Corey Brown", + "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb80f": "26", "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb810": "Graham Gano", - "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb811": "Emmanuel Sanders", + "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb811": "T. J. Ward", "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c945f": "Carolina", - "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c9460": "39-yard field goal, cutting the Panthers deficit to one score at 16\u201310", - "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c9461": "Stewart", - "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c9462": "Stewart", - "56d7261e0d65d214001983e0": "41-yard line", + "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c9460": "39", + "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c9461": "Devin Funchess", + "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c9462": "Devin Funchess", + "56d7261e0d65d214001983e0": "41", "56d7261e0d65d214001983e1": "Ealy", "56d7261e0d65d214001983e2": "Carolina on the 50-yard line", - "56d7261e0d65d214001983e4": "16\u201310. The next three drives of the game would end in punts", - "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb820": "Ealy", + "56d7261e0d65d214001983e4": "punts", + "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb820": "Devin Funchess", "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb821": "41-yard line", - "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb822": "39-yard field goal, cutting the Panthers deficit to one score at 16\u201310", - "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb823": "16\u201310", - "56beca913aeaaa14008c946d": "regulation", - "56beca913aeaaa14008c946e": "Miller", - "56beca913aeaaa14008c946f": "cornerback Josh Norman", + "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb822": "39", + "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb823": "one score at 16", + "56beca913aeaaa14008c946d": "24", + "56beca913aeaaa14008c946e": "Newton", + "56beca913aeaaa14008c946f": "Newton", "56beca913aeaaa14008c9470": "Newton", - "56beca913aeaaa14008c9471": "Norman", + "56beca913aeaaa14008c9471": "Bennie Fowler", "56d726b60d65d214001983ea": "Miller", "56d726b60d65d214001983eb": "Ward", "56d726b60d65d214001983ec": "Newton", "56d726b60d65d214001983ed": "Josh Norman", "56d726b60d65d214001983ee": "3:08", - "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb832": "3rd-and-9", - "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb833": "Miller stripped the ball away from Newton, and after several players dove for it, it took a long bounce backwards and was recovered by Ward", + "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb832": "4:51", + "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb833": "Ward", "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb834": "Ward", "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb835": "three", - "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb836": "Carolina", + "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb836": "Anderson", "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9481": "five", - "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9482": "83 yards", + "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9482": "13 of 23", "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9483": "four", "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9484": "Thomas Davis", - "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9485": "83", - "56d7270c0d65d214001983f4": "83 yards. Anderson was the game's leading rusher with 90 yards and a touchdown, along with four", - "56d7270c0d65d214001983f5": "83 yards. Anderson was the game's leading rusher with 90 yards and a touchdown, along with four", + "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9485": "23", + "56d7270c0d65d214001983f4": "23", + "56d7270c0d65d214001983f5": "23", "56d7270c0d65d214001983f6": "Anderson", "56d7270c0d65d214001983f7": "Sanders", - "56d7270c0d65d214001983f8": "Linebacker Luke Kuechly had 11 total tackles, while Thomas Davis", + "56d7270c0d65d214001983f8": "Thomas Davis", "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb842": "Anderson", "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb843": "Anderson", - "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb844": "four", - "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb845": "83", - "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb846": "2\u00bd sacks, and two forced fumbles. Ware had five", - "56becb823aeaaa14008c948b": "315", + "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb844": "11", + "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb845": "18", + "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb846": "11", + "56becb823aeaaa14008c948b": "194", "56becb823aeaaa14008c948c": "11", "56becb823aeaaa14008c948d": "Baltimore Ravens", - "56becb823aeaaa14008c948e": "John Taylor", + "56becb823aeaaa14008c948e": "Jordan Norwood", "56becb823aeaaa14008c948f": "Gary Kubiak", "56d7277c0d65d214001983fe": "315", "56d7277c0d65d214001983ff": "11", @@ -808,370 +808,370 @@ "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84d": "11", "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84e": "Baltimore Ravens", "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84f": "Chicago Bears", - "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb850": "two", + "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb850": "seven", "5733a5f54776f41900660f45": "Nobel Prize", "5733a5f54776f41900660f48": "1745", "5733a5f54776f41900660f44": "Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie", - "5733a5f54776f41900660f46": "W\u0142adys\u0142aw Szpilman and Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Chopin. Though Chopin was born in the village of \u017belazowa Wola", + "5733a5f54776f41900660f46": "W\u0142adys\u0142aw Szpilman", "5733a5f54776f41900660f47": "seven months old", "57336755d058e614000b5a3d": "100", "57336755d058e614000b5a3f": "the Krasi\u0144ski Palace Garden", - "57336755d058e614000b5a3c": "15.5 ha", - "57336755d058e614000b5a3e": "east end of the park", - "57336755d058e614000b5a40": "The Saxon Garden", - "57337ddc4776f41900660bbb": "15 kilometres (9 miles", - "57337ddc4776f41900660bbc": "the otter, beaver and hundreds of bird species", + "57336755d058e614000b5a3c": "Saxon Garden", + "57336755d058e614000b5a3e": "the east end of the park", + "57336755d058e614000b5a40": "The \u0141azienki Park", + "57337ddc4776f41900660bbb": "15 kilometres (9 miles)", + "57337ddc4776f41900660bbc": "otter, beaver and hundreds of bird species", "57337ddc4776f41900660bba": "13", - "57337ddc4776f41900660bbd": "several", + "57337ddc4776f41900660bbd": "13", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbe": "to clean them of plants and sediments", - "57337ea24776f41900660bd0": "foreign-born inhabitants. In addition to the Polish majority, there was a significant Jewish minority", + "57337ea24776f41900660bd0": "foreign-born inhabitants", "57337ea24776f41900660bd3": "833,500", - "57337ea24776f41900660bd2": "34%", - "57337ea24776f41900660bd1": "Jewish minority", - "57337ea24776f41900660bd4": "internal migration and urbanisation", + "57337ea24776f41900660bd2": "34", + "57337ea24776f41900660bd1": "Polish majority", + "57337ea24776f41900660bd4": "internal migration", "57339555d058e614000b5df4": "Warsaw University of Technology", "57339555d058e614000b5df5": "2,000", - "57339555d058e614000b5df6": "the Medical University of Warsaw", + "57339555d058e614000b5df6": "Medical University of Warsaw", "57339555d058e614000b5df3": "1816", "57339555d058e614000b5df7": "Warsaw School of Economics", "57339902d058e614000b5e70": "1816", "57339902d058e614000b5e71": "over two million", - "57339902d058e614000b5e72": "architects Marek Budzy\u0144ski and Zbigniew Badowski and opened on 15 December 1999. It is surrounded by green", + "57339902d058e614000b5e72": "architects", "57339902d058e614000b5e73": "Irena Bajerska", - "57339902d058e614000b5e74": "5,111 m2", + "57339902d058e614000b5e74": "5,111 m2 (55,014.35 sq ft)", "573399b54776f41900660e64": "infrastructure", - "573399b54776f41900660e65": "Poland", + "573399b54776f41900660e65": "infrastructure", "573399b54776f41900660e66": "solid economic growth", - "573399b54776f41900660e67": "health care facilities and sanitation facilities", + "573399b54776f41900660e67": "health care", "57339a554776f41900660e74": "Warsaw", "57339a554776f41900660e75": "Children's Memorial Health Institute", - "57339a554776f41900660e76": "the Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Institute", + "57339a554776f41900660e76": "the Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Institute of Oncology", "57339a554776f41900660e77": "700", - "57339a554776f41900660e78": "outpatient clinic", - "57339ad74776f41900660e86": "musical venues, including the Teatr Wielki, the Polish National Opera, the Chamber Opera, the National Philharmonic Hall and the National Theatre", + "57339a554776f41900660e78": "developed", + "57339ad74776f41900660e86": "musical venues", "57339ad74776f41900660e87": "events and festivals", "57339ad74776f41900660e88": "Palace of Culture and Science", - "57339ad74776f41900660e89": "Warsaw Autumn", - "57339ad74776f41900660e8a": "the International Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Chopin Piano Competition", - "57339c16d058e614000b5ec5": "r\u00f3d Saski", - "57339c16d058e614000b5ec6": "Saxon Garden", - "57339c16d058e614000b5ec7": "1870 to 1939", - "57339c16d058e614000b5ec8": "Momus, Warsaw's first literary cabaret, and Leon Schiller's musical theatre Melodram", - "57339c16d058e614000b5ec9": "The Wojciech Bogus\u0142awski Theatre", + "57339ad74776f41900660e89": "Warsaw Summer Jazz Days", + "57339ad74776f41900660e8a": "the Jazz Jamboree", + "57339c16d058e614000b5ec5": "Ogr\u00f3d Saski", + "57339c16d058e614000b5ec6": "Ogr\u00f3d Saski", + "57339c16d058e614000b5ec7": "from 1870 to 1939", + "57339c16d058e614000b5ec8": "Momus", + "57339c16d058e614000b5ec9": "Wojciech Bogus\u0142awski Theatre", "57339dd94776f41900660ecc": "Wianki", - "57339dd94776f41900660ecd": "Wreaths", - "57339dd94776f41900660ece": "Warsaw", - "57339dd94776f41900660ecf": "a peaceful pagan ritual where maidens would float their wreaths of herbs", + "57339dd94776f41900660ecd": "thousands", + "57339dd94776f41900660ece": "Midsummer\u2019s Night", + "57339dd94776f41900660ecf": "herbs", "57339dd94776f41900660ed0": "fern", - "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef6": "art posters in the world, Museum of Hunting and Riding and the Railway Museum", + "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef6": "art posters", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef7": "60", - "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef8": "Hunting and Riding and the Railway Museum", - "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef9": "paintings from Adolf Hitler's private collection, and Museum of the Polish Army whose set portrays the history of arms", + "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef8": "a collection of works whose origin ranges in time from antiquity till the present epoch as well as one of the best collections of paintings in the country", + "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef9": "paintings in the country including some paintings", "57339eb9d058e614000b5efa": "the history of arms", - "5733a1854776f41900660f0a": "the Warsaw Uprising Museum", + "5733a1854776f41900660f0a": "Warsaw Uprising Museum", "5733a1854776f41900660f0b": "Katy\u0144 Museum", - "5733a1854776f41900660f0c": "historic stereoscopic theatre", - "5733a1854776f41900660f0d": "the Katy\u0144 Museum", + "5733a1854776f41900660f0c": "stereoscopic", + "5733a1854776f41900660f0d": "The Museum of Independence", "5733a1854776f41900660f0e": "60 rooms", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f28": "The 17th century Royal Ujazd\u00f3w Castle", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f29": "500", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2a": "Zach\u0119ta National Gallery of Art", - "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2b": "Warsaw", - "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2c": "September", - "5733a32bd058e614000b5f32": "Polonia Warsaw", + "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2b": "Polish and international artists", + "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2c": "last weekend of September", + "5733a32bd058e614000b5f32": "Their local rivals, Polonia Warsaw", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f33": "1946", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f34": "twice", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f35": "Konwiktorska Street", - "5733a32bd058e614000b5f36": "because of their disastrous financial situation", + "5733a32bd058e614000b5f36": "disastrous financial situation", "5733a45d4776f41900660f23": "syrenka", "5733a45d4776f41900660f24": "The mermaid", - "5733a45d4776f41900660f25": "mid-14th century", + "5733a45d4776f41900660f25": "since at least the mid-14th century", "5733a45d4776f41900660f26": "1390", - "5733a45d4776f41900660f27": "sword", - "5733a560d058e614000b5f77": "Triton's daughters", - "5733a560d058e614000b5f78": "Artur Oppman, is that long ago two of Triton's daughters set out on a journey through the depths of the oceans and seas", + "5733a45d4776f41900660f27": "mermaid", + "5733a560d058e614000b5f77": "two of Triton's daughters", + "5733a560d058e614000b5f78": "oceans and seas", "5733a560d058e614000b5f79": "Denmark", "5733a560d058e614000b5f7a": "Warszowa", - "5733a560d058e614000b5f7b": "songs", + "5733a560d058e614000b5f7b": "heard her songs", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f58": "Warsaw", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f59": "1916", - "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5a": "Art Deco style in painting and art", - "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5b": "Israeli poet", + "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5a": "Art Deco style", + "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5b": "pianist", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5c": "Isaac Bashevis Singer", - "573312fcd058e614000b56e6": "Economist Intelligence", + "573312fcd058e614000b56e6": "Economist Intelligence Unit", "573312fcd058e614000b56e7": "2012", - "573312fcd058e614000b56e8": "a wide variety of industries", - "573312fcd058e614000b56e9": "Paris and Barcelona", + "573312fcd058e614000b56e8": "FMCG manufacturing, metal processing, steel and electronic manufacturing and food processing", + "573312fcd058e614000b56e9": "The Warsaw Stock Exchange", "573312fcd058e614000b56ea": "Frontex", "5733140a4776f419006606e0": "1313", "5733140a4776f419006606e1": "Krak\u00f3w", "5733140a4776f419006606e2": "1596", "5733140a4776f419006606e3": "King Sigismund III Vasa", - "5733140a4776f419006606e4": "because it has survived many wars", - "573314e3d058e614000b56f0": "Roman Catholic archdiocese", - "573314e3d058e614000b56f1": "Polish Academy of Sciences", + "5733140a4776f419006606e4": "because it has survived many wars, conflicts and invasions throughout its long history", + "573314e3d058e614000b56f0": "Roman Catholic", + "573314e3d058e614000b56f1": "the University of Warsaw", "573314e3d058e614000b56f2": "UNESCO World Heritage Site", - "573314e3d058e614000b56f3": "UNESCO World Heritage", - "573314e3d058e614000b56f4": "luxurious parks and royal gardens", + "573314e3d058e614000b56f3": "European", + "573314e3d058e614000b56f4": "parks and royal gardens", "57332442d058e614000b5720": "Warszawa", - "57332442d058e614000b5721": "belonging to Warsz", - "57332442d058e614000b5722": "fisherman, Wars, and his wife, Sawa", - "57332442d058e614000b5723": "Slavic origin Warcis\u0142aw; see also etymology of Wroc\u0142aw. Folk etymology attributes the city name to a fisherman", - "57332442d058e614000b5724": "miasto sto\u0142eczne Warszawa (English: \"The Capital City of Warsaw\")", + "57332442d058e614000b5721": "belonging to Warsz\"", + "57332442d058e614000b5722": "a 12th/13th-century nobleman", + "57332442d058e614000b5723": "owned a village located at the modern-day site of Mariensztat neighbourhood", + "57332442d058e614000b5724": "miasto sto\u0142eczne Warszawa", "57332562d058e614000b5730": "Jazd\u00f3w", "57332562d058e614000b5731": "The Prince of P\u0142ock", - "57332562d058e614000b5732": "1300", + "57332562d058e614000b5732": "about 1300", "57332562d058e614000b5733": "1413", "57332562d058e614000b5734": "1526", "5733266d4776f41900660712": "General Sejm", "5733266d4776f41900660713": "1569", - "5733266d4776f41900660714": "religious freedom", - "5733266d4776f41900660715": "Due to its central location between the Commonwealth's capitals of Krak\u00f3w and Vilnius", + "5733266d4776f41900660714": "religious freedom in the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth", + "5733266d4776f41900660715": "Due to its central location", "5733266d4776f41900660716": "1596", "57332a734776f41900660726": "1796", - "57332a734776f41900660727": "South Prussia", - "57332a734776f41900660728": "Napoleon's army", + "57332a734776f41900660727": "Kingdom of Prussia", + "57332a734776f41900660728": "Napoleon's", "57332a734776f41900660729": "1815", "57332a734776f4190066072a": "1816", "57332b66d058e614000b5758": "4 August 1915", "57332b66d058e614000b5759": "areas controlled by Russia in 1914", "57332b66d058e614000b575a": "Pi\u0142sudski", "57332b66d058e614000b575b": "1920", - "57332b66d058e614000b575c": "Red Army", + "57332b66d058e614000b575c": "the Red Army", "57332c1e4776f4190066073a": "1 September 1939", - "57332c1e4776f4190066073b": "a German", - "57332c1e4776f4190066073c": "several hundred thousand", + "57332c1e4776f4190066073b": "German Nazi colonial administration", + "57332c1e4776f4190066073c": "several hundred thousand, some 30%", "57332c1e4776f4190066073d": "19 April 1943", - "57332c1e4776f4190066073e": "several hundred thousand, some 30%", + "57332c1e4776f4190066073e": "almost a month", "57332e48d058e614000b5762": "the Red Army", - "57332e48d058e614000b5763": "Knowing that Stalin was hostile to the idea of an independent Poland", + "57332e48d058e614000b5763": "to try to seize control of Warsaw from the Germans", "57332e48d058e614000b5764": "1 August 1944", - "57332e48d058e614000b5765": "63 days", + "57332e48d058e614000b5765": "63", "57332e48d058e614000b5766": "between 150,000 and 200,000", - "57332f81d058e614000b5776": "Bricks for Warsaw\" campaign", - "57332f81d058e614000b5777": "large prefabricated housing projects", + "57332f81d058e614000b5776": "Bricks for Warsaw\"", + "57332f81d058e614000b5777": "prefabricated housing projects", "57332f81d058e614000b5778": "Palace of Culture and Science", - "57332f81d058e614000b5779": "Palace of Culture and Science", + "57332f81d058e614000b5779": "the Palace of Culture and Science", "57332f81d058e614000b577a": "UNESCO's World Heritage list", "573330444776f41900660758": "John Paul II", - "573330444776f41900660759": "the growing anti-communist fervor there", + "573330444776f41900660759": "the budding solidarity movement", "573330444776f4190066075a": "less than a year", "573330444776f4190066075b": "Victory Square", - "573330444776f4190066075c": "the incentive for the democratic changes", - "5733314e4776f4190066076a": "300 km (190 mi) from the Carpathian Mountains and about 260 km (160 mi) from the Baltic Sea, 523", - "5733314e4776f4190066076b": "523 km (325", + "573330444776f4190066075c": "incentive for the democratic changes", + "5733314e4776f4190066076a": "300", + "5733314e4776f4190066076b": "325", "5733314e4776f4190066076c": "Vistula River", - "5733314e4776f4190066076d": "115.7 metres", - "5733314e4776f4190066076e": "Masovian Plain", + "5733314e4776f4190066076d": "115.7 metres (379.6 ft)", + "5733314e4776f4190066076e": "75.6 metres (248.0 ft) (at the right bank of the Vistula", "57335c20d058e614000b58f9": "two", - "57335c20d058e614000b58fa": "plain moraine plateau and the Vistula Valley with its asymmetrical pattern of different terraces. The Vistula River", + "57335c20d058e614000b58fa": "plain moraine plateau and the Vistula Valley", "57335c20d058e614000b58fc": "moraine plateau", "57335c20d058e614000b58fb": "The Vistula River", "57335c20d058e614000b58fd": "Warsaw Escarpment", "57335ddbd058e614000b592f": "plain moraine plateau", - "57335ddbd058e614000b5930": "flooded terraces", - "57335ddbd058e614000b5931": "ground depressions", - "57335ddbd058e614000b5932": "pine forest", + "57335ddbd058e614000b5930": "former flooded terraces", + "57335ddbd058e614000b5931": "valleys and ground depressions", + "57335ddbd058e614000b5932": "peat swamps or small ponds cover the highest terrace", "57335ddbd058e614000b5933": "pine forest", - "57335fcad058e614000b5970": "turbulent history of the city and country", + "57335fcad058e614000b5970": "history of the city and country", "57335fcad058e614000b5971": "During the Second World War", "57335fcad058e614000b5972": "After liberation", "57335fcad058e614000b5973": "Leopold Kronenberg Palace", "57335fcad058e614000b5974": "Eastern bloc countries", - "573361404776f4190066093c": "Gothic", + "573361404776f4190066093c": "Gothic architecture", "573361404776f4190066093d": "14th century", - "573361404776f4190066093e": "Masovian gothic style, St. Mary's Church", - "573361404776f4190066093f": "Gothic", - "573361404776f41900660940": "the Royal Castle (1596\u20131619) and the Jesuit Church", - "573362b94776f41900660974": "17th century", - "573362b94776f41900660975": "17th century", - "573362b94776f41900660976": "rococo", - "573362b94776f41900660977": "a great inspiration", + "573361404776f4190066093e": "Masovian gothic style", + "573361404776f4190066093f": "Renaissance", + "573361404776f41900660940": "mannerist architecture", + "573362b94776f41900660974": "the 17th century", + "573362b94776f41900660975": "1688\u20131692", + "573362b94776f41900660976": "rococo architecture", + "573362b94776f41900660977": "The neoclassical architecture in Warsaw", "573362b94776f41900660978": "1775\u20131795", "5733638fd058e614000b59e8": "bourgeois", - "5733638fd058e614000b59e9": "poorly maintained", + "5733638fd058e614000b59e9": "not restored by the communist authorities", "5733638fd058e614000b59ea": "socialist realism", - "5733638fd058e614000b59eb": "Warsaw University of Technology building", - "5733638fd058e614000b59ec": "prewar Warsaw", + "5733638fd058e614000b59eb": "the Warsaw University of Technology building", + "5733638fd058e614000b59ec": "most distinctive buildings", "5733647e4776f419006609ae": "Pawiak", "5733647e4776f419006609af": "Pawiak", - "5733647e4776f419006609b0": "Warsaw Citadel", + "5733647e4776f419006609b0": "The Warsaw Citadel", "5733647e4776f419006609b1": "the children who served as messengers and frontline troops in the Warsaw Uprising", - "5733647e4776f419006609b2": "Pawiak", - "573368044776f41900660a29": "rare domestic and foreign plants", - "573368044776f41900660a2a": "Orangery", - "573368044776f41900660a2b": "Pole Mokotowskie (a big park in the northern Mokot\u00f3w", - "573368044776f41900660a2c": "Park Ujazdowski (close to the Sejm and John Lennon street), Park of Culture and Rest in Powsin", - "573368044776f41900660a2d": "1865\u20131871", - "573368e54776f41900660a53": "very rich in species", - "573368e54776f41900660a54": "Warsaw", + "5733647e4776f419006609b2": "Wincenty Ku\u0107ma", + "573368044776f41900660a29": "green", + "573368044776f41900660a2a": "New Orangery", + "573368044776f41900660a2b": "Pole Mokotowskie", + "573368044776f41900660a2c": "Park Ujazdowski", + "573368044776f41900660a2d": "1865\u20131871 and designed by Jan Dobrowolski. In 1927", + "573368e54776f41900660a53": "the location of Warsaw within the border region", + "573368e54776f41900660a54": "within the borders of Warsaw", "573368e54776f41900660a55": "Masovian Primeval Forest", - "573368e54776f41900660a56": "Bielany Forest", + "573368e54776f41900660a56": "Kabaty Forest", "573368e54776f41900660a57": "two", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcb": "c. 1,300,000", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcc": "420,000", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcd": "1951", - "57337f6ad058e614000b5bce": "bolstered some kind of conviction among Poles that Varsovians thought of themselves as better", - "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcf": "residency registration", + "57337f6ad058e614000b5bce": "better only because they lived in the capital", + "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcf": "residency", "57338007d058e614000b5bda": "multi-cultural", - "57338007d058e614000b5bdb": "988 inhabitants 56.2%", - "57338007d058e614000b5bdc": "2%", - "57338007d058e614000b5bdd": "2.8%", - "57338007d058e614000b5bde": "aftermath of the Warsaw Uprising of 1944", + "57338007d058e614000b5bdb": "711,988", + "57338007d058e614000b5bdc": "56.2%", + "57338007d058e614000b5bdd": "2.4%", + "57338007d058e614000b5bde": "1944", "573380e0d058e614000b5be9": "commune", - "573380e0d058e614000b5bea": "commune", - "573380e0d058e614000b5beb": "entitlements of powiat", - "57338160d058e614000b5bf9": "a unicameral Warsaw City Council", - "57338160d058e614000b5bfa": "60 members", - "57338160d058e614000b5bfb": "four years", + "573380e0d058e614000b5bea": "tasks and privileges", + "573380e0d058e614000b5beb": "districts in Krak\u00f3w do not have entitlements of powiat", + "57338160d058e614000b5bf9": "Warsaw City Council", + "57338160d058e614000b5bfa": "60", + "57338160d058e614000b5bfb": "every four years", "57338160d058e614000b5bfc": "committees", - "57338160d058e614000b5bfd": "30 days", + "57338160d058e614000b5bfd": "30", "57338255d058e614000b5c0d": "President", "57338255d058e614000b5c0e": "Jan Andrzej Menich", - "57338255d058e614000b5c0f": "1695\u20131696). Between 1975 and 1990", - "57338255d058e614000b5c10": "Jan Andrzej Menich", - "57338255d058e614000b5c11": "the City council", + "57338255d058e614000b5c0f": "1695\u20131696", + "57338255d058e614000b5c10": "the City council", + "57338255d058e614000b5c11": "district Centrum", "573382d24776f41900660c37": "\u015ar\u00f3dmie\u015bcie", "573382d24776f41900660c38": "304,016", - "573382d24776f41900660c39": "Foreign investors' financial participation in the city's development was estimated in 2002 at over 650 million euro", + "573382d24776f41900660c39": "emerging market", "573382d24776f41900660c3a": "12%", - "573382d24776f41900660c3b": "191.766 billion PLN, 111696 PLN per capita, which was 301,1 % of Polish average", - "5733834ed058e614000b5c26": "1817 and continued trading until World War II. It was re-established in April 1991", - "5733834ed058e614000b5c27": "WSE) is, according to many indicators", - "5733834ed058e614000b5c28": "1817", + "573382d24776f41900660c3b": "191.766 billion PLN", + "5733834ed058e614000b5c26": "1817", + "5733834ed058e614000b5c27": "World War II", + "5733834ed058e614000b5c28": "April 1991", "5733834ed058e614000b5c29": "374", - "5733834ed058e614000b5c2a": "Polish United Workers' Party", + "5733834ed058e614000b5c2a": "Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR)", "573383d0d058e614000b5c35": "1951", - "573383d0d058e614000b5c36": "Fiat 125p", + "573383d0d058e614000b5c36": "Daewoo", "573383d0d058e614000b5c37": "Daewoo", - "573383d0d058e614000b5c38": "South Korean car manufacturer Daewoo", - "573383d0d058e614000b5c39": "Chevrolet Aveo", - "573166ede6313a140071cef2": "Warszawa [var\u02c8\u0282ava", - "573166ede6313a140071cef3": "Vistula River", + "573383d0d058e614000b5c38": "AvtoZAZ", + "573383d0d058e614000b5c39": "Aveo", + "573166ede6313a140071cef2": "Warszawa", + "573166ede6313a140071cef3": "Warsaw", "573166ede6313a140071cef4": "Vistula River", - "573166ede6313a140071cef5": "2.666 million", - "573166ede6313a140071cef6": "east-central Poland", - "5732b6b5328d981900602021": "Vistula River", + "573166ede6313a140071cef5": "1.740 million", + "573166ede6313a140071cef6": "9th", + "5732b6b5328d981900602021": "Warsaw", "5732b6b5328d981900602022": "Vistula River", - "5732b6b5328d981900602023": "190 mi", - "5732b6b5328d981900602024": "2.666 million", + "5732b6b5328d981900602023": "260 kilometres", + "5732b6b5328d981900602024": "1.740 million", "5732b6b5328d981900602025": "9th", "56ddde6b9a695914005b9628": "France", "56ddde6b9a695914005b9629": "10th and 11th centuries", - "56ddde6b9a695914005b962a": "France. They were descended from Norse (\"Norman\" comes from \"Norseman\") raiders and pirates from Denmark, Iceland and Norway", + "56ddde6b9a695914005b962a": "Denmark, Iceland and Norway", "56ddde6b9a695914005b962b": "Rollo", - "56ddde6b9a695914005b962c": "10th century", + "56ddde6b9a695914005b962c": "10th", "56dddf4066d3e219004dad5f": "William the Conqueror", - "56dddf4066d3e219004dad60": "French crown", - "56dddf4066d3e219004dad61": "Catholic orthodoxy", - "56dde0379a695914005b9636": "Northman\" or directly from Old Norse Nor\u00f0ma\u00f0r, Latinized variously as Nortmannus, Normannus, or Nordmannus", + "56dddf4066d3e219004dad60": "William the Conqueror", + "56dddf4066d3e219004dad61": "Christian piety, becoming exponents of the Catholic orthodoxy", + "56dde0379a695914005b9636": "Normans/Normanz", "56dde0379a695914005b9637": "9th century", "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad75": "911", - "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad76": "Charles III of West Francia and the famed Viking ruler Rollo, and was situated in the former Frankish kingdom of Neustria", - "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad77": "Gallia Lugdunensis II", - "56dde1d966d3e219004dad8d": "Earlier Viking settlers had begun arriving in the 880s", - "56dde27d9a695914005b9651": "Old Norse language with Catholicism", + "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad76": "King Charles III", + "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad77": "river Seine", + "56dde1d966d3e219004dad8d": "Rollo", + "56dde27d9a695914005b9651": "Norse", "56dde27d9a695914005b9652": "north", "56dde2fa66d3e219004dad9b": "fighting horsemen", - "56dde3aa9a695914005b9660": "1017", - "56dde3aa9a695914005b9661": "Michael at Monte Gargano", + "56dde3aa9a695914005b9660": "999", + "56dde3aa9a695914005b9661": "Michael", "56dde3aa9a695914005b9662": "Monte Gargano", - "56de0daecffd8e1900b4b595": "William Iron Arm", + "56de0daecffd8e1900b4b595": "emperor Henry III", "56de0daecffd8e1900b4b596": "William Iron Arm", - "56de0e25cffd8e1900b4b59a": "Robert Guiscard", + "56de0e25cffd8e1900b4b59a": "the Saracens", "56de0e25cffd8e1900b4b59b": "1130", - "56de0e25cffd8e1900b4b59c": "Squillace, and cathedrals, such as Roger II's Cappella Palatina chapel at Palermo", - "56de0ed14396321400ee2579": "Rudjdjar", + "56de0e25cffd8e1900b4b59c": "Squillace", + "56de0ed14396321400ee2579": "Kitab Rudjdjar", "56de0ed14396321400ee257a": "The Book of Roger", - "56de0ed14396321400ee257b": "meritocratic bureaucracy of Jews", - "56de0f6a4396321400ee257f": "Seljuk Turks", + "56de0ed14396321400ee257b": "meritocratic", + "56de0f6a4396321400ee257f": "the Seljuk Turks", "56de0ffd4396321400ee258d": "1050s", "56de0ffd4396321400ee258e": "1060s", "56de0ffd4396321400ee258f": "Alexius Komnenos", - "56de10b44396321400ee2593": "Afranji, meaning \"Franks", - "56de10b44396321400ee2594": "A Norman", - "56de10b44396321400ee2595": "the Armenian state further south in Cilicia and the Taurus Mountains. A Norman named Oursel led a force of \"Franks", - "56de11154396321400ee25aa": "an Italo-Norman", - "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bc": "Comiscortes", - "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bd": "February 1082", + "56de10b44396321400ee2593": "Afranji", + "56de10b44396321400ee2594": "Oursel", + "56de10b44396321400ee2595": "Sassoun and Taron", + "56de11154396321400ee25aa": "Norman mercenary", + "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bc": "Robert Guiscard", + "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bd": "1085", "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5be": "30,000", "56de15104396321400ee25b7": "Deabolis", "56de15104396321400ee25b8": "Bohemond", - "56de15104396321400ee25b9": "Deabolis", + "56de15104396321400ee25b9": "river Deabolis", "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c2": "1185", - "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c3": "the Adriatic", + "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c3": "Dyrrachium", "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c4": "Adriatic", - "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c8": "Duke Richard II of Normandy", + "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c8": "Richard II of Normandy", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c9": "Richard II of Normandy", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5ca": "Normandy", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5cb": "Sweyn Forkbeard", "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d0": "Harthacnut", "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d1": "1041", - "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d2": "Timid earl of Hereford", + "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d2": "Ralph the Timid earl of Hereford", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c5": "Battle of Hastings", - "56de16ca4396321400ee25c6": "Battle of Hastings", + "56de16ca4396321400ee25c6": "Duke William II of Normandy", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c7": "1066", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c8": "Anglo-Saxons", - "56de1728cffd8e1900b4b5d7": "distinct from the Latin language", + "56de1728cffd8e1900b4b5d7": "Anglo-Saxon", "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5da": "1169", - "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5db": "east of Ireland", - "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5dc": "Irish culture and history after their invasion at Bannow Bay in 1169. Initially the Normans maintained a distinct culture and ethnicity", - "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e0": "King Malcolm III", + "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5db": "Bannow Bay", + "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5dc": "Irish", + "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e0": "Edgar", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e1": "King Malcolm III", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e2": "1072", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e3": "Duncan", - "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6be": "Henry I of England", - "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6bf": "Norman culture to Scotland, part of the process some scholars call the \"Davidian Revolution\". Having spent time at the court of Henry I of England", + "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6be": "Sybilla of Normandy", + "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6bf": "Norman", "56de3d594396321400ee26ca": "Hereford", - "56de3d594396321400ee26cb": "earl of Hereford and charged him with defending the Marches and warring with the Welsh", + "56de3d594396321400ee26cb": "earl of Hereford", "56de3d594396321400ee26cc": "Edward the Confessor", - "56de3dbacffd8e1900b4b6d2": "Cheshire. These Normans began a long period of slow conquest during which almost all of Wales", - "56de3e414396321400ee26d8": "1018", + "56de3dbacffd8e1900b4b6d2": "Wales", + "56de3e414396321400ee26d8": "himself from Moorish lands", "56de3e414396321400ee26d9": "William of Montreuil", "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e6": "1097", - "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e7": "Tancred with an army of Italo-Normans. Bohemond was the de facto leader of the Crusade during its passage through Asia Minor", - "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e8": "the conquest of Jerusalem", + "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e7": "Tancred", + "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e8": "Jerusalem", "56de3efccffd8e1900b4b6fe": "380 years", - "56de3f784396321400ee26fa": "storm", + "56de3f784396321400ee26fa": "left Messina", "56de3f784396321400ee26fb": "Berengaria", - "56de3f784396321400ee26fc": "April 1191", - "56de3f784396321400ee26fd": "Isaac Komnenos", - "56de40da4396321400ee2708": "Montferrat", + "56de3f784396321400ee26fc": "1191", + "56de3f784396321400ee26fd": "Richard the Lion-hearted", + "56de40da4396321400ee2708": "Conrad of Montferrat", "56de40da4396321400ee2709": "silver", "56de40da4396321400ee270a": "Guy de Lusignan", - "56de41504396321400ee2714": "Richard the Lion-Heart married Berengaria of Navarre", + "56de41504396321400ee2714": "Richard the Lion-Heart", "56de41504396321400ee2715": "12 May 1191", - "56de41504396321400ee2716": "double", - "56de48f34396321400ee2770": "1489 that the Venetians acquired full control of the island, which remained a Christian stronghold until the fall of Famagusta in 1571", + "56de41504396321400ee2716": "double coronation", + "56de48f34396321400ee2770": "1489", "56de48f34396321400ee2771": "Knights Templar", - "56de49564396321400ee277a": "Lanzarote, Fuerteventura and El Hierro off the Atlantic coast of Africa", - "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a7": "Henry III of Castile. In 1418, Jean's nephew Maciot de Bethencourt sold the rights to the islands to Enrique P\u00e9rez de Guzm\u00e1n", - "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a8": "Enrique P\u00e9rez de Guzm\u00e1n", - "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a9": "Enrique P\u00e9rez de Guzm\u00e1n", - "56de4a474396321400ee2786": "the Channel Islands", + "56de49564396321400ee277a": "Atlantic coast of Africa", + "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a7": "Bethencourt", + "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a8": "to Enrique P\u00e9rez de Guzm\u00e1n", + "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a9": "Maciot de Bethencourt sold the rights to the islands to Enrique P\u00e9rez de Guzm\u00e1n, 2nd Count de Niebla", + "56de4a474396321400ee2786": "Channel Islands", "56de4a474396321400ee2787": "two", - "56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7bd": "a new stage in the architectural history of the regions they subdued. They spread a unique Romanesque idiom to England and Italy", - "56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7be": "rounded arches, particularly over windows", + "56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7bd": "Romanesque", + "56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7be": "rounded arches", "56de4b074396321400ee2793": "Norman-Arab architecture", - "56de4b074396321400ee2794": "Norman-Arab architecture", - "56de4b074396321400ee2795": "Sicily", - "56de4b5c4396321400ee2799": "11th century", - "56de4b5c4396321400ee279a": "dukes", + "56de4b074396321400ee2794": "Anglo-Saxon and precedes the Early Gothic", + "56de4b074396321400ee2795": "the Kingdom of Sicily", + "56de4b5c4396321400ee2799": "the early 11th century", + "56de4b5c4396321400ee279a": "their disparate duchy", "56de4bb84396321400ee27a2": "16th century", "56de4c324396321400ee27ab": "embroidery", "56de4c324396321400ee27ac": "the Bayeux Tapestry", - "56de4c324396321400ee27ad": "Odo, the Bishop of Bayeux and first Earl of Kent", - "56de51244396321400ee27ef": "Byzantine", - "56de51c64396321400ee27f7": "11th century", + "56de4c324396321400ee27ad": "Odo", + "56de51244396321400ee27ef": "stonework or metalwork", + "56de51c64396321400ee27f7": "11th", "56de51c64396321400ee27f8": "William of Volpiano and John of Ravenna", "56de52614396321400ee27fb": "southern Italy", - "56de52614396321400ee27fc": "Latin monastery at Sant'Eufemia", + "56de52614396321400ee27fc": "Sant'Eufemia", "56de52614396321400ee27fd": "Robert Guiscard", "56de52614396321400ee27fe": "singing", - "56df9e2838dc4217001520f6": "1943", - "56df9e2838dc4217001520f8": "Serbian Cyrillic: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0422\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0430", + "56df9e2838dc4217001520f6": "1856", + "56df9e2838dc4217001520f8": "Serbian American", "56df9e2838dc4217001520f9": "1943", - "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6b7": "10 July 1856 \u2013 7 January 1943", + "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6b7": "1856", "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6b8": "1943", "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6b9": "Serbian American", "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6bb": "modern alternating current", @@ -1179,478 +1179,478 @@ "56df9ee138dc421700152109": "Thomas Edison", "56df9ee138dc42170015210a": "George Westinghouse", "56df9ee138dc42170015210b": "New York City", - "56df9ee138dc42170015210c": "corporate alternating current/direct current \"War of Currents", + "56df9ee138dc42170015210c": "War of Currents", "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c1": "1884", - "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c2": "induction motor and transformer", + "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c2": "Tesla", "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c3": "New York City", "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c4": "George Westinghouse", - "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c5": "induction motor and transformer", - "56dfa01738dc42170015211d": "1893", - "56dfa01738dc42170015211e": "high-frequency power experiments in New York and Colorado Springs", - "56dfa01738dc42170015211f": "New York and Colorado Springs", + "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c5": "AC induction motor and transformer", + "56dfa01738dc42170015211d": "1893)", + "56dfa01738dc42170015211e": "high", + "56dfa01738dc42170015211f": "mechanical oscillators/generators, electrical discharge tubes, and early X-ray imaging", "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35b": "Colorado Springs", "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35c": "1893", "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35d": "intercontinental wireless transmission", - "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35e": "intercontinental wireless transmission", + "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35e": "Wardenclyffe Tower project", "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb7": "1943", - "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb8": "SI unit of magnetic flux density the tesla", + "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb8": "SI unit of magnetic flux density", "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb9": "New York hotels", "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebba": "showmanship", - "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cb": "with varying degrees of success", + "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cb": "own projects with varying degrees of success", "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cc": "1943", "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cd": "SI unit of magnetic flux density", "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6ce": "1990s", "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cf": "showmanship", - "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc1": "Austrian Empire", - "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc2": "Milutin Tesla, was a Serbian Orthodox priest", - "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc3": "memorize Serbian epic poems", - "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc4": "mother", + "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc1": "Croatia", + "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc2": "Serbian Orthodox priest", + "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc3": "eidetic memory and creative abilities to his mother's genetics and influence", + "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc4": "his mother", "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36b": "Serbian Orthodox priest. Tesla's mother, \u0110uka Tesla (n\u00e9e Mandi\u0107), whose father was also an Orthodox priest", "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36c": "Milutin Tesla", "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36d": "\u0110uka Tesla (n\u00e9e Mandi\u0107", - "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36e": "\u0110uka Tesla (n\u00e9e Mandi\u0107), whose father was also an Orthodox priest,:10 had a talent for making home craft tools, mechanical appliances", - "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36f": "western Serbia, near Montenegro", - "56dfa1d34a1a83140091ebd4": "three", - "56dfa1d44a1a83140091ebd6": "German", + "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36e": "memorize Serbian epic poems", + "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36f": "western Serbia", + "56dfa1d34a1a83140091ebd4": "five", + "56dfa1d44a1a83140091ebd6": "German, arithmetic, and religion", "56dfa1d44a1a83140091ebd7": "1862", - "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac375": "Dane and three sisters", + "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac375": "Dane", "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac376": "Milka, Angelina and Marica", "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac377": "killed in a horse-riding accident", - "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac378": "Austrian Empire", + "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac378": "Gospi\u0107, Austrian Empire", "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac379": "pastor", "56dfa24a38dc421700152142": "Martin Sekuli\u0107", "56dfa24a38dc421700152143": "German", - "56dfa24a38dc421700152144": "calculus", + "56dfa24a38dc421700152144": "integral calculus", "56dfa24a38dc421700152145": "cheating", "56dfa24a38dc421700152146": "1870", "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d5": "1870", - "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d6": "attend school at the Higher Real Gymnasium", - "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d7": "a math teacher Martin Sekuli\u0107", + "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d6": "to attend school at the Higher Real Gymnasium", + "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d7": "Martin Sekuli\u0107", "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d8": "German", "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d9": "1873", "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf2": "cholera", "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf3": "nine months", - "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf4": "despair", - "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf5": "the priesthood", + "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf4": "send him to the best engineering school", + "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf5": "enter the priesthood", "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf6": "birthtown, Smiljan", "56e0c2307aa994140058e6df": "1873", "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e0": "cholera", "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e1": "nine months", - "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e2": "bedridden for nine months and was near death multiple times. Tesla's father, in a moment of despair", - "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e3": "the illness", - "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebfc": "Austro-Hungarian Army in Smiljan", + "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e2": "enter the priesthood", + "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e3": "enter the priesthood", + "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebfc": "Tomingaj", "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebfd": "Mark Twain", - "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebfe": "the mountains", + "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebfe": "mountains", "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebff": "1874", - "56dfa3394a1a83140091ec00": "physically and mentally. He read many books", - "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac389": "running away to Tomingaj, near Gra\u010dac. There, he explored the mountains", + "56dfa3394a1a83140091ec00": "books", + "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac389": "running away to Tomingaj", "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac38a": "1874", - "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac38b": "physically and mentally. He read many books", - "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac38c": "Tomingaj, and later said that Mark Twain", - "56dfa3c338dc421700152154": "1879", + "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac38b": "helped him to miraculously recover from his earlier illness", + "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac38c": "Mark Twain", + "56dfa3c338dc421700152154": "1875", "56dfa3c338dc421700152155": "Austrian Polytechnic", "56dfa3c338dc421700152156": "1879", - "56dfa3c338dc421700152157": "Professor Poeschl over the Gramme dynamo", - "56dfa3c338dc421700152158": "Professor Poeschl over the Gramme dynamo", - "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ab": "Austria", + "56dfa3c338dc421700152157": "Poeschl over the Gramme dynamo", + "56dfa3c338dc421700152158": "never", + "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ab": "Graz, Austria", "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ac": "1875", "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ad": "1879", "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ae": "gambling", - "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3af": "Professor Poeschl over the Gramme dynamo", - "56dfa7887aa994140058dfa9": "severed all relations with his family to hide the fact that he dropped out of school. His friends thought that he had drowned", - "56dfa7887aa994140058dfaa": "hide the fact", - "56dfa7887aa994140058dfab": "draftsman for 60 florins a month. He spent his spare time playing cards", - "56dfa7887aa994140058dfac": "nervous breakdown", + "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3af": "killed through overwork", + "56dfa7887aa994140058dfa9": "left Graz and severed all relations with his family", + "56dfa7887aa994140058dfaa": "to hide the fact that he dropped out of school", + "56dfa7887aa994140058dfab": "draftsman", + "56dfa7887aa994140058dfac": "return home, but Nikola refused", "56dfa7887aa994140058dfad": "nervous breakdown", - "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e717": "March 1879", - "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e718": "fact that he dropped out of school", - "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e719": "drowned in the Mur River. Tesla went to Maribor", - "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e71a": "draftsman for 60 florins a month. He spent his spare time playing cards", + "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e717": "December 1878", + "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e718": "he dropped out of school", + "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e719": "drowned in the Mur River", + "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e71a": "draftsman", "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e71b": "nervous breakdown", - "56dfaa047aa994140058dfbd": "police guard for not having a residence permit", + "56dfaa047aa994140058dfbd": "not having a residence permit", "56dfaa047aa994140058dfbe": "24 March 1879", "56dfaa047aa994140058dfbf": "60", "56dfaa047aa994140058dfc0": "a stroke", - "56dfaa047aa994140058dfc1": "contracting an unspecified illness", - "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3bf": "having a residence permit", + "56dfaa047aa994140058dfc1": "taught a large class of students", + "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3bf": "not having a residence permit", "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3c0": "24 March 1879", "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3c1": "Higher Real Gymnasium", - "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3c2": "Milutin Tesla died at the age of 60 after contracting an unspecified illness (although some sources say that he died of a stroke", - "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5b": "Greek", - "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5c": "Charles-Ferdinand University; he never studied Greek", + "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3c2": "stroke", + "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5b": "Prague", + "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5c": "did not receive grades for the courses", "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5e": "lectures", "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5f": "Charles-Ferdinand University", "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c7": "Prague", "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c8": "January 1880", - "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c9": "Charles-Ferdinand University", - "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3ca": "uncles", + "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c9": "university", + "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3ca": "two of Tesla's uncles", "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfc7": "Budapest", - "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfc8": "Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s at a telegraph company, the Budapest Telephone Exchange", + "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfc8": "Budapest Telephone Exchange", "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfc9": "chief electrician", - "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfca": "a telephone repeater or amplifier", - "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfcb": "a draftsman in the Central Telegraph Office instead. Within a few months, the Budapest Telephone Exchange became functional and Tesla was allocated the chief electrician", + "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfca": "telephone repeater or amplifier", + "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfcb": "chief electrician", "56e0d402231d4119001ac3fc": "1881", "56e0d402231d4119001ac3fd": "Budapest Telephone Exchange", "56e0d402231d4119001ac3fe": "Budapest Telephone Exchange", - "56e0d402231d4119001ac3ff": "chief electrician position", + "56e0d402231d4119001ac3ff": "chief electrician", "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc83": "1882", "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc84": "France", "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc85": "New York City", "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc86": "Thomas Edison", - "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc87": "New York City", - "56e0d54a7aa994140058e769": "France", + "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc87": "Continental Edison Company in France", + "56e0d54a7aa994140058e769": "Continental Edison Company in France", "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76a": "France", - "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76b": "June 1884, he relocated to New York City:57\u201360", + "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76b": "June 1884", "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76c": "Thomas Edison", - "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76d": "Manhattan", - "56dfb4be7aa994140058e00d": "$10 a week raise over Tesla's US$18 per week salary", + "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76d": "Manhattan's lower east side", + "56dfb4be7aa994140058e00d": "fifty thousand dollars", "56dfb4be7aa994140058e00e": "US$10 a week raise over Tesla's US$18 per week salary", - "56dfb4be7aa994140058e010": "week", + "56dfb4be7aa994140058e010": "inefficient", "56e0d6367aa994140058e773": "fifty thousand dollars", - "56e0d6367aa994140058e774": "US$10 a week raise over Tesla's US$18 per week salary", + "56e0d6367aa994140058e774": "Tesla, you don't understand our American humor", "56e0d6367aa994140058e775": "$10 a week raise over Tesla's US$18 per week salary", "56dfb5777aa994140058e021": "Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail", - "56dfb5777aa994140058e022": "an electric lighting company in Tesla's name, Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing", - "56dfb5777aa994140058e023": "Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing", - "56dfb5777aa994140058e024": "Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing. The company installed electrical arc light based illumination systems designed by Tesla and also had designs for dynamo electric machine commutators", + "56dfb5777aa994140058e022": "electric lighting company", + "56dfb5777aa994140058e023": "finance an electric lighting company", + "56dfb5777aa994140058e024": "electric lighting", "56dfb5777aa994140058e025": "Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing", - "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac420": "Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing", + "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac420": "Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail", "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac421": "1886", - "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac422": "Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing", - "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac423": "Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing", + "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac422": "Tesla", + "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac423": "finance an electric lighting company", "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac424": "Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail", - "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb5": "forced Tesla out leaving him penniless", - "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb6": "$2 per day. Tesla considered the winter of 1886/1887 as a time of \"terrible headaches and bitter tears", - "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb8": "ditch digger", - "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb9": "1886/1887", - "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42b": "penniless", - "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42c": "$2 per day. Tesla considered the winter of 1886/1887 as a time of \"terrible headaches and bitter tears", - "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42d": "terrible headaches and bitter tears", - "56dfb666231d4119001abcc0": "Tesla met Alfred S. Brown, a Western Union superintendent, and New York attorney Charles F. Peck", + "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb5": "forced Tesla out", + "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb6": "penniless", + "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb8": "work at various electrical repair jobs and even as a ditch digger", + "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb9": "winter of 1886/1887", + "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42b": "penniless. He even lost control", + "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42c": "ditch digger", + "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42d": "electrical repair jobs", + "56dfb666231d4119001abcc0": "a Western Union superintendent, and New York attorney Charles F. Peck", "56dfb666231d4119001abcc1": "April 1887", - "56dfb666231d4119001abcc2": "Tesla, \u2153 to Peck and Brown, and \u2153 to fund development. They set up a laboratory for Tesla at 89 Liberty Street in Manhattan", - "56dfb666231d4119001abcc3": "89 Liberty Street", - "56e0d810231d4119001ac432": "April 1887", - "56e0d810231d4119001ac433": "a Western Union superintendent", + "56dfb666231d4119001abcc2": "Tesla", + "56dfb666231d4119001abcc3": "89 Liberty Street in Manhattan", + "56e0d810231d4119001ac432": "1886", + "56e0d810231d4119001ac433": "superintendent", "56e0d810231d4119001ac434": "Alfred S. Brown", "56e0d810231d4119001ac435": "89 Liberty Street in Manhattan", - "56e0d810231d4119001ac436": "the Tesla Electric Company with an agreement that profits from generated patents would go \u2153 to Tesla, \u2153 to Peck and Brown, and \u2153 to fund development", - "56dfb6d17aa994140058e053": "induction motor", + "56e0d810231d4119001ac436": "Tesla Electric Company", + "56dfb6d17aa994140058e053": "an induction motor", "56dfb6d17aa994140058e054": "May 1888", "56dfb6d17aa994140058e055": "commutator", "56dfb6d17aa994140058e056": "sparking and the high maintenance of constantly servicing and replacing mechanical brushes", - "56dfb6d17aa994140058e057": "self-starting design that did not need a commutator", + "56dfb6d17aa994140058e057": "simple self-starting design", "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43c": "1887", - "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43d": "because of its advantages in long-distance, high-voltage transmission", - "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43e": "commutator", + "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43d": "simple self-starting design that did not need a commutator,", + "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43e": "constantly servicing and replacing mechanical brushes", "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43f": "May 1888", "56e057e1231d4119001ac043": "a friend and publicist", "56e057e1231d4119001ac044": "American Institute of Electrical Engineers", "56e057e1231d4119001ac045": "1888", - "56e057e1231d4119001ac046": "patents", + "56e057e1231d4119001ac046": "that Tesla had a viable AC motor and related power system", "56e057e1231d4119001ac047": "Thomas Commerford Martin", "56e0dbb57aa994140058e779": "Thomas Commerford Martin", - "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77a": "George Westinghouse", - "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77b": "George Westinghouse that Tesla had a viable AC motor and related power system", - "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77c": "Tesla", - "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77d": "Tesla", - "56e05900231d4119001ac04d": "July 1888", + "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77a": "Westinghouse", + "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77b": "AC motor and related power system", + "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77c": "decided Tesla's patent would probably control the market", + "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77d": "Electric & Manufacturing Company", + "56e05900231d4119001ac04d": "1888", "56e05900231d4119001ac04e": "$2,000", - "56e05900231d4119001ac04f": "Westinghouse", - "56e05900231d4119001ac051": "large fee of $2,000 ($52,700 in today's dollars) per month to be a consultant", - "56e0dc667aa994140058e783": "$60,000", + "56e05900231d4119001ac04f": "George Westinghouse", + "56e05900231d4119001ac051": "consultant", + "56e0dc667aa994140058e783": "$2,000", "56e0dc667aa994140058e784": "July 1888", "56e0dc667aa994140058e785": "$2,000", - "56e0dc667aa994140058e786": "Pittsburgh labs", + "56e0dc667aa994140058e786": "Pittsburgh", "56e059c8231d4119001ac057": "Pittsburgh", "56e059c8231d4119001ac058": "street cars", - "56e059c8231d4119001ac059": "60-cycle AC current system Tesla proposed (to match the working frequency of Tesla's motor", + "56e059c8231d4119001ac059": "60-cycle", "56e059c8231d4119001ac05a": "DC traction motor", - "56e0e518231d4119001ac444": "power the city's streetcars", + "56e0e518231d4119001ac444": "streetcars", "56e0e518231d4119001ac445": "DC traction motor", "56e05a78231d4119001ac062": "Thomas Edison", - "56e05a78231d4119001ac063": "a competition between rival lighting systems", - "56e05a78231d4119001ac064": "Edison Machine Works pursuing AC development", - "56e05a78231d4119001ac065": "Thomas Edison", - "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78b": "War of Currents", + "56e05a78231d4119001ac063": "all-out warfare by 1888. This started out as a competition between rival lighting systems", + "56e05a78231d4119001ac064": "incandescent lamps", + "56e05a78231d4119001ac065": "Thomas Edison was no longer in control of his own company", + "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78b": "AC", "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78c": "Thomas Edison", "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78d": "1888", - "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78e": "Edison Machine Works pursuing AC development in 1890 and by 1892 Thomas Edison", + "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78e": "financial strain of buying up patents", "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78f": "Thomas Edison", "56e07c86231d4119001ac1cd": "George Westinghouse", "56e07c86231d4119001ac1ce": "Chicago", - "56e07c86231d4119001ac1cf": "one million dollars", + "56e07c86231d4119001ac1cf": "a General Electric bid by one million dollars", "56e07c86231d4119001ac1d0": "Tesla Polyphase System", "56e07c86231d4119001ac1d1": "Tesla Polyphase System", "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d5": "George Westinghouse", "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d6": "Chicago", "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d7": "1893", - "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d8": "AC power", + "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d8": "electrical", "56e0812c231d4119001ac213": "Richard Dean Adams", - "56e0812c231d4119001ac214": "incandescent bulbs using two-phase alternating current", - "56e0812c231d4119001ac215": "General Electric", - "56e0812c231d4119001ac216": "General Electric", - "56e0812c231d4119001ac217": "Westinghouse Electric", + "56e0812c231d4119001ac214": "Niagara Falls Cataract Construction Company", + "56e0812c231d4119001ac215": "Westinghouse Electric", + "56e0812c231d4119001ac216": "Westinghouse Electric", + "56e0812c231d4119001ac217": "two-phased", "56e0ee12231d4119001ac459": "Richard Dean Adams", "56e0ee12231d4119001ac45a": "1893", - "56e0ee12231d4119001ac45b": "AC generating system at the Niagara Falls was awarded to Westinghouse Electric", - "56e0ee12231d4119001ac45c": "Tesla advised Adams that a two-phased system would be the most reliable", + "56e0ee12231d4119001ac45b": "two-phased", + "56e0ee12231d4119001ac45c": "most reliable", "56e089ab231d4119001ac285": "1896", "56e089ab231d4119001ac287": "$216,000", - "56e089ab231d4119001ac288": "$216,000", + "56e089ab231d4119001ac288": "$2.50", "56e089ab231d4119001ac289": "$200,000", - "56e0ef0c231d4119001ac462": "J. P. Morgan", + "56e0ef0c231d4119001ac462": "financier J. P. Morgan", "56e0ef0c231d4119001ac463": "$200,000", "56e0ef0c231d4119001ac464": "$216,000", "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5da": "35", - "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5db": "South Fifth Avenue", - "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5dc": "the potential of wireless power transmission", + "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5db": "South Fifth Avenue laboratory", + "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5dc": "electric lamps", "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5dd": "Tesla coil", "56e0ef90231d4119001ac468": "30 July 1891", - "56e0ef90231d4119001ac469": "the Tesla coil", + "56e0ef90231d4119001ac469": "Tesla coil", "56e0ef90231d4119001ac46a": "35", - "56e0ef90231d4119001ac46b": "wireless power transmission", + "56e0ef90231d4119001ac46b": "wireless", "56e08aa0231d4119001ac299": "American Institute of Electrical Engineers", - "56e08aa0231d4119001ac29a": "Radio Engineers", + "56e08aa0231d4119001ac29a": "Tesla", "56e08aa0231d4119001ac29d": "1894", - "56e0f019231d4119001ac470": "vice president of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, the forerunner", - "56e0f019231d4119001ac471": "1892", - "56e0f019231d4119001ac472": "modern-day IEEE", - "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a4": "what he referred to as radiant energy of \"invisible\" kinds after he had noticed damaged film", + "56e0f019231d4119001ac470": "vice president", + "56e0f019231d4119001ac471": "vice president", + "56e0f019231d4119001ac472": "Institute of Radio Engineers", + "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a4": "noticed damaged film", "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a5": "5th Avenue laboratory fire", - "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a6": "March 1895", + "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a6": "1894", "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a7": "metal locking screw on the camera lens", - "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4c8": "March 1895", - "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4c9": "Roentgen rays\" or \"X-Rays", - "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4ca": "hundreds of invention models, plans, notes, laboratory data, tools, photographs, valued at $50,000", - "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4cb": "gas discharge tube", + "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4c8": "5th Avenue laboratory fire of March 1895", + "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4c9": "X-Rays", + "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4ca": "was lost in the 5th Avenue laboratory fire of March 1895", + "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4cb": "X-ray", "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4cc": "Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen", - "56e08d32231d4119001ac2ad": "do his own experiments in X-ray imaging, developing a high energy single terminal vacuum tube of his own design that had no target electrode", + "56e08d32231d4119001ac2ad": "several experimental setups to produce X-rays", "56e08d32231d4119001ac2ae": "March 1896", "56e08d32231d4119001ac2af": "radiography", "56e08d32231d4119001ac2b0": "X-rays", "56e08d32231d4119001ac2b1": "the Tesla Coil", "56e0f5a6231d4119001ac4d4": "March 1896", - "56e0f5a6231d4119001ac4d5": "X-ray imaging, developing a high energy single terminal vacuum tube of his own design", + "56e0f5a6231d4119001ac4d5": "his own design that had no target electrode", "56e0f5a6231d4119001ac4d6": "Tesla Coil", "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2b7": "longitudinal waves", "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2b8": "various causes", - "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2b9": "a lesser extent", + "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2b9": "various causes", "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2ba": "his circuit and single-node X-ray-producing devices", - "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2bb": "in force-free magnetic fields", - "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4ee": "various causes", + "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2bb": "force-free magnetic fields", + "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4ee": "ozone generated in contact with the skin, and to a lesser extent, by nitrous acid", "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4ef": "longitudinal waves", - "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4f0": "plasmas. These plasma waves can occur in force-free magnetic fields", - "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4f1": "various causes. He believed early on that damage to the skin was not caused by the Roentgen rays", + "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4f0": "plasmas", + "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4f1": "nitrous acid", "56e0e69b7aa994140058e795": "Benjamin Lamme", "56e0e69b7aa994140058e796": "1893", "56e0e69b7aa994140058e797": "Benjamin Lamme", "56e0ed557aa994140058e7dd": "the Egg of Columbus", "56e0ed557aa994140058e7e0": "Tesla", "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e859": "11 July 1934", - "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85a": "break off the cathode, pass out of the tube, and physically strike him. \"Tesla said he could feel a sharp stinging pain", - "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85b": "\"electric gun", - "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85c": "the bits of metal projected by his \"electric gun,\" Tesla said, \"The particles in the beam of force", + "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85a": "beam of force", + "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85b": "in the beam of force", + "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85c": "bits of metal projected by his \"electric gun", "56e0fb14231d4119001ac525": "National Electric Light Association", - "56e0fb14231d4119001ac526": "the Tesla Coil", - "56e0fb14231d4119001ac527": "the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and the National Electric Light Association", + "56e0fb14231d4119001ac526": "Tesla Coil", + "56e0fb14231d4119001ac527": "the Franklin Institute", "56e0fb887aa994140058e869": "1898", "56e0fb887aa994140058e86a": "teleautomaton", "56e0fb887aa994140058e86b": "Madison Square Garden", - "56e0fb887aa994140058e86c": "magic, telepathy", - "56e0fb887aa994140058e86d": "magic, telepathy", + "56e0fb887aa994140058e86c": "during an electrical exhibition", + "56e0fb887aa994140058e86d": "monkey", "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e877": "1900", - "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e878": "Tesla was granted patents for a \"system of transmitting electrical energy\" and \"an electrical transmitter.\" When Guglielmo Marconi", - "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e879": "1943", + "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e878": "Guglielmo Marconi", + "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e879": "1901", "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e87a": "1943", "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e87b": "Marconi", - "56e0fd167aa994140058e881": "1978 book Colorado Springs Notes, 1899\u20131900", + "56e0fd167aa994140058e881": "1899", "56e0fd167aa994140058e882": "Colorado Springs", - "56e0fd167aa994140058e883": "1978 book Colorado Springs Notes, 1899\u20131900 contains descriptions of Tesla's experiments. On 15 June 1899", + "56e0fd167aa994140058e883": "17 May 1899", "56e0fd167aa994140058e884": "five inches", "56e0fde0cd28a01900c673ea": "atmospheric electricity", "56e0fde0cd28a01900c673eb": "stationary waves", - "56e0fde0cd28a01900c673ec": "lightning storms confirmed his belief that the earth had a resonant frequency", + "56e0fde0cd28a01900c673ec": "a resonant frequency", "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6a": "lightning", "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6b": "135 feet long", - "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6c": "15 miles away", - "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6d": "100 feet of the lab", - "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6e": "blue halos of St. Elmo's fire around their wings", - "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fb": "power station generator", - "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fc": "repeatedly burned", + "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6c": "15 miles", + "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6d": "turned off", + "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6e": "artificial", + "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fb": "power station generator, causing a power outage", + "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fc": "repeatedly burned out", "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fd": "powerful high frequency currents", - "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fe": "jump through the windings", - "56e10043e3433e1400422a84": "Colorado\u2014or signals from another experimenter in wireless transmission", + "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fe": "jump through the windings and destroy", + "56e10043e3433e1400422a84": "another planet", "56e10043e3433e1400422a85": "Mars", - "56e10043e3433e1400422a86": "his receiver", - "56e10043e3433e1400422a87": "wireless transmission", + "56e10043e3433e1400422a86": "Colorado\u2014or signals from another experimenter", + "56e10043e3433e1400422a87": "experimenter in wireless transmission", "56e10043e3433e1400422a88": "July 1899", "56e100b6cd28a01900c67403": "$100,000", "56e100b6cd28a01900c67404": "Colorado Springs experiments", "56e100b6cd28a01900c67405": "Colorado Springs experiments", "56e100b6cd28a01900c67406": "1899", "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740b": "7 January 1900", - "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740c": "torn down in 1904, and its contents were sold two years later to satisfy a debt", + "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740c": "torn down", "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740d": "1904", - "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740e": "satisfy a debt", - "56e10179cd28a01900c67413": "Wardenclyffe near Shoreham, Long Island", - "56e10179cd28a01900c67414": "trans-Atlantic wireless telecommunications facility", + "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740e": "sold two years later to satisfy a debt", + "56e10179cd28a01900c67413": "trans-Atlantic wireless telecommunications facility", + "56e10179cd28a01900c67414": "trans-Atlantic wireless", "56e10179cd28a01900c67415": "Long Island", - "56e101f4e3433e1400422a8e": "Tesla's breach of contract by asking for more funds. Tesla wrote another plea to Morgan, but it was also fruitless", - "56e101f4e3433e1400422a8f": "Panic of 1901", - "56e101f4e3433e1400422a91": "shocked by the reminder of his part in the stock market crash and by Tesla's breach of contract by asking for more funds", - "56e10296cd28a01900c67423": "over 50 letters to Morgan, pleading for and demanding additional funding to complete the construction of Wardenclyffe. Tesla continued the project for another nine months", + "56e101f4e3433e1400422a8e": "Morgan", + "56e101f4e3433e1400422a8f": "foreclosure", + "56e101f4e3433e1400422a91": "shocked", + "56e10296cd28a01900c67423": "50", "56e10296cd28a01900c67424": "to complete the construction of Wardenclyffe", - "56e10296cd28a01900c67425": "Tesla wrote to Morgan that in addition to wireless communication, Wardenclyffe would be capable of wireless transmission of electric power", + "56e10296cd28a01900c67425": "The tower was erected to its full 187 feet", "56e10296cd28a01900c67426": "187 feet", "56e10325cd28a01900c67435": "16,000", "56e10325cd28a01900c67436": "100\u20135,000 hp", - "56e10325cd28a01900c67437": "1910\u20131911", - "56e10325cd28a01900c67438": "Tesla demonstrated his 200 horsepower (150 kilowatts) 16,000 rpm bladeless", - "56e10412e3433e1400422aba": "steam-powered mechanical oscillator\u2014Tesla's oscillator. While experimenting with mechanical oscillators at his Houston Street lab", + "56e10325cd28a01900c67437": "50th birthday in 1906", + "56e10325cd28a01900c67438": "16,000 rpm bladeless turbine", + "56e10412e3433e1400422aba": "steam", "56e10412e3433e1400422abb": "Houston Street lab", - "56e10412e3433e1400422abc": "a sledge hammer", - "56e10412e3433e1400422abd": "162\u2013164", - "56e10412e3433e1400422abe": "split the earth in two", + "56e10412e3433e1400422abc": "danger", + "56e10412e3433e1400422abd": "World Today", + "56e10412e3433e1400422abe": "set the earth's crust into such a state of vibration that it would rise and fall hundreds of feet and practically destroy civilization", "56e1066be3433e1400422ae4": "electricity", - "56e1066be3433e1400422ae5": "saturating them unconsciously with electricity", - "56e1066be3433e1400422ae6": "William H. Maxwell", - "56e1066be3433e1400422ae7": "a health-giving and stimulating electromagnetic field", - "56e1075ae3433e1400422afa": "overseas investors. After the war started, Tesla lost the funding he was receiving from his patents in European countries", - "56e1075ae3433e1400422afb": "lost the funding he was receiving", - "56e1075ae3433e1400422afc": "$20,000 ($472,500 in today's dollars)", + "56e1066be3433e1400422ae5": "application of electricity to the brain enhanced intelligence", + "56e1066be3433e1400422ae6": "William H. Maxwell.", + "56e1066be3433e1400422ae7": "superintendent of New York City schools", + "56e1075ae3433e1400422afa": "overseas", + "56e1075ae3433e1400422afb": "lost the funding he was receiving from his patents", + "56e1075ae3433e1400422afc": "sold", "56e1075ae3433e1400422afd": "$20,000", "56e1075ae3433e1400422afe": "Edison Medal", - "56e108abe3433e1400422b0c": "the magazine Electrical Experimenter", + "56e108abe3433e1400422b0c": "Electrical Experimenter", "56e108abe3433e1400422b0d": "fluorescent screen", - "56e108abe3433e1400422b0e": "high frequency radio waves", - "56e108abe3433e1400422b0f": "Tesla was incorrect in his assumption that high frequency radio waves would penetrate water but \u00c9mile Girardeau", + "56e108abe3433e1400422b0e": "dreaming", + "56e108abe3433e1400422b0f": "\u00c9mile Girardeau", "56e1097dcd28a01900c6748f": "Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla", "56e1097dcd28a01900c67490": "Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla", - "56e1097dcd28a01900c67491": "Sir William Henry Bragg and William Lawrence Bragg \"for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays", - "56e1097dcd28a01900c67492": "refuse the reward is ridiculous", - "56e10a28cd28a01900c674b1": "animosity toward each other", + "56e1097dcd28a01900c67491": "he has made known his intention to refuse the reward is ridiculous", + "56e1097dcd28a01900c67492": "Any rumor that a person has not been given a Nobel Prize because he has made known his intention to refuse the reward is ridiculous", + "56e10a28cd28a01900c674b1": "their animosity toward each other", "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b3": "38", - "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b4": "Tesla", + "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b4": "Edison", "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b5": "1937", "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b24": "1,655,114", - "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b25": "biplane", - "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b26": "$1,000", - "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b27": "tiltrotor/tilt-wing concept as well as the earliest proposal for the use of turbine engines", - "56e10c61e3433e1400422b36": "$125", - "56e10c61e3433e1400422b37": "$125 per month as well as paying his rent at the Hotel New Yorker, expenses the Company would pay for the rest of Tesla's life", + "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b25": "Tesla received his last", + "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b26": "less than $1,000", + "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b27": "tiltrotor/tilt-wing", + "56e10c61e3433e1400422b36": "$125 per month", + "56e10c61e3433e1400422b37": "$125 per month", "56e10c61e3433e1400422b38": "$125 per month", - "56e10c61e3433e1400422b39": "charity", + "56e10c61e3433e1400422b39": "publicity", "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674d7": "mechanical energy", - "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674d8": "over any terrestrial distance", - "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674d9": "minimal loss over any terrestrial distance", + "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674d8": "any terrestrial distance", + "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674d9": "minimal", "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674da": "mineral deposits", - "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674db": "1935", - "56e10ddce3433e1400422b48": "get up. He at once resumed the pigeon-feeding walks", - "56e10ddce3433e1400422b49": "Tesla refused to consult a doctor", - "56e10ddce3433e1400422b4a": "broken", + "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674db": "1935, in an annual birthday celebration interview", + "56e10ddce3433e1400422b48": "bedridden", + "56e10ddce3433e1400422b49": "a doctor", + "56e10ddce3433e1400422b4a": "Tesla's back was severely wrenched and three of his ribs were broken", "56e10ddce3433e1400422b4b": "1937", - "56e10ddce3433e1400422b4c": "1937", + "56e10ddce3433e1400422b4c": "fall of 1937", "56e10e73cd28a01900c674eb": "teleforce", "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ec": "the Van de Graaff generator", "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ed": "infantry", "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ee": "anti-aircraft purposes", - "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ef": "a \"peace ray\" or death ray", + "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ef": "death ray", "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5c": "1937", "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5d": "luncheon", - "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5e": "tungsten", + "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5e": "small tungsten", "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5f": "high voltage", "56e10f14e3433e1400422b60": "a little time", "56e10fbacd28a01900c67509": "charged particle beam weapons", - "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750a": "the Nikola Tesla Museum archive in Belgrade", + "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750a": "the Nikola Tesla Museum archive", "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750b": "Belgrade", - "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750c": "millions", + "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750c": "millions of volts", "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750d": "all war", - "56e11044e3433e1400422b76": "steal the invention", - "56e11044e3433e1400422b77": "thieves, or spies, left empty-handed", - "56e11044e3433e1400422b78": "His room had been entered and his papers had been scrutinized, but the thieves, or spies, left empty-handed", + "56e11044e3433e1400422b76": "steal", + "56e11044e3433e1400422b77": "room", + "56e11044e3433e1400422b78": "papers", "56e110c3cd28a01900c67531": "86", "56e110c3cd28a01900c67532": "7 January 1943", "56e110c3cd28a01900c67533": "maid Alice Monaghan", - "56e110c3cd28a01900c67534": "\"do not disturb\" sign that Tesla had placed on his door two days earlier", + "56e110c3cd28a01900c67534": "do not disturb\" sign", "56e110c3cd28a01900c67535": "coronary thrombosis", - "56e11161e3433e1400422b86": "Alien Property Custodian to seize Tesla's belongings", - "56e11161e3433e1400422b87": "FBI", - "56e11161e3433e1400422b89": "Tesla's belongings, even though Tesla", - "56e11161e3433e1400422b8a": "Manhattan Storage", - "56e111e5e3433e1400422b90": "prominent priests", + "56e11161e3433e1400422b86": "Alien Property Custodian", + "56e11161e3433e1400422b87": "Alien Property Custodian", + "56e11161e3433e1400422b89": "unfriendly hands", + "56e11161e3433e1400422b8a": "Manhattan Storage and Warehouse Company", + "56e111e5e3433e1400422b90": "mayor Fiorello La Guardia", "56e111e5e3433e1400422b91": "Louis Adamic", - "56e111e5e3433e1400422b92": "Ardsley, New York, where it was later cremated", + "56e111e5e3433e1400422b92": "12 January", "56e111e5e3433e1400422b93": "two thousand", - "56e111e5e3433e1400422b94": "Ardsley", + "56e111e5e3433e1400422b94": "Tesla", "56e1127bcd28a01900c67549": "Belgrade", "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754a": "Sava Kosanovi\u0107", "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754b": "Kosanovi\u0107's secretary Charlotte Muzar", - "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754c": "Belgrade", + "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754c": "Belgrade. The ashes are displayed in a gold-plated sphere on a marble pedestal in the Nikola Tesla Museum", "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754d": "1957", "56e11996e3433e1400422bde": "278", "56e11996e3433e1400422bdf": "26", - "56e11996e3433e1400422be0": "Britain, and Canada", - "56e11996e3433e1400422be1": "Britain, and Canada", - "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b5": "9:00 a.m. until 6:00 p.m. or later", - "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b6": "8:10 p.m., at Delmonico's restaurant and later the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel", - "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b7": "3:00", - "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b8": "Tesla would telephone his dinner order to the headwaiter", - "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf0": "10 miles per day", - "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf1": "squished his toes one hundred times for each foot every night, saying that it stimulated his brain cells", - "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf2": "brain cells", + "56e11996e3433e1400422be0": "Canada", + "56e11996e3433e1400422be1": "patent archives", + "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b5": "8:10 p.m.", + "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b6": "6:00 p.m. or later, with dinner from exactly 8:10 p.m.", + "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b7": "every day from 9:00 a.m.", + "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b8": "the headwaiter", + "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf0": "between 8 to 10 miles per day", + "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf1": "saying that it stimulated his brain cells", + "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf2": "squished his toes one hundred times for each foot every night, saying that it stimulated his brain cells", "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf3": "brain cells", - "56e11afbcd28a01900c675c7": "reduced to one", - "56e11afbcd28a01900c675c8": "newspaper editor", + "56e11afbcd28a01900c675c7": "telepathy", + "56e11afbcd28a01900c675c8": "editor", "56e11afbcd28a01900c675c9": "one", - "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d7": "a specific injured white pigeon", - "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d8": "$2,000", - "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d9": "injured ones into his hotel room to nurse back to health. He said that he had been visited by a specific injured white pigeon daily", - "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675da": "park", + "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d7": "pigeons", + "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d8": "over $2,000", + "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d9": "injured", + "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675da": "Near the end of his life, Tesla walked to the park", "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675db": "hotel room", - "56e11c24e3433e1400422c18": "6 feet 2 inches (1.88 m) tall and weighed 142 pounds", + "56e11c24e3433e1400422c18": "142 pounds", "56e11c24e3433e1400422c19": "6 feet 2 inches", - "56e11c24e3433e1400422c1a": "1926", + "56e11c24e3433e1400422c1a": "about 1926", "56e11c24e3433e1400422c1b": "New York City", "56e11cedcd28a01900c675e7": "eight", - "56e11cedcd28a01900c675e8": "repeatedly stricken with illness. He suffered a peculiar affliction", - "56e11cedcd28a01900c675e9": "extreme precision, including all dimensions, before moving to the construction stage, a technique sometimes known as picture thinking", - "56e11cedcd28a01900c675ea": "blinding flashes of light would appear before his eyes", - "56e11cedcd28a01900c675eb": "photographic memory", + "56e11cedcd28a01900c675e8": "blinding flashes of light", + "56e11cedcd28a01900c675e9": "picture thinking", + "56e11cedcd28a01900c675ea": "blinding flashes of light would appear", + "56e11cedcd28a01900c675eb": "photographic", "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f1": "48 hours", - "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f2": "48 hours", - "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f3": "chess and card-playing, sometimes spending more than 48 hours in a stretch at a gaming table", + "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f2": "84 hours", + "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f3": "Graz", "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f4": "Kenneth Swezey", - "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f5": "208 Kenneth Swezey, a journalist whom Tesla had befriended", + "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f5": "journalist", "56e11e57e3433e1400422c28": "chastity", - "56e11e57e3433e1400422c29": "Tesla", - "56e11e57e3433e1400422c2a": "33 However, toward the end of his life", + "56e11e57e3433e1400422c29": "women vying", + "56e11e57e3433e1400422c2a": "the end of his life", "56e11f05e3433e1400422c2e": "Dorothy Skerrit", "56e11f05e3433e1400422c2f": "Robert Underwood Johnson", - "56e11f05e3433e1400422c30": "seclude himself with his work. However, when he did engage in a social life", - "56e11f05e3433e1400422c31": "Robert Underwood Johnson", - "56e11f05e3433e1400422c32": "seldom did one meet a scientist or engineer who was also a poet", - "56e11f83cd28a01900c67611": "George Sylvester Viereck", - "56e11f83cd28a01900c67612": "lab and elsewhere", + "56e11f05e3433e1400422c30": "seclude", + "56e11f05e3433e1400422c31": "asocial", + "56e11f05e3433e1400422c32": "seldom did one meet a scientist or engineer", + "56e11f83cd28a01900c67611": "Francis Marion Crawford", + "56e11f83cd28a01900c67612": "middle age", "56e11f83cd28a01900c67613": "late 1920s", - "56e12005cd28a01900c67617": "secretary", - "56e12005cd28a01900c67618": "secretary", + "56e12005cd28a01900c67617": "overweight people", + "56e12005cd28a01900c67618": "a secretary", "56e12005cd28a01900c67619": "her weight", "56e12005cd28a01900c6761a": "criticize clothing; on several occasions, Tesla directed a subordinate to go home and change her dress", - "56e120a1e3433e1400422c38": "atoms", - "56e120a1e3433e1400422c39": "electrons existed at all, they were some fourth state of matter or \"sub-atom\"", + "56e120a1e3433e1400422c38": "atoms being composed of smaller subatomic particles, stating there was no such thing as an electron creating an electric charge", + "56e120a1e3433e1400422c39": "electrons", "56e120a1e3433e1400422c3a": "transmitted electrical energy", - "56e120a1e3433e1400422c3b": "19th century", - "56e12110e3433e1400422c4a": "Einstein's theory of relativity", - "56e12110e3433e1400422c4b": "antagonistic towards theories about the conversion of matter into energy", + "56e120a1e3433e1400422c3b": "19th", + "56e12110e3433e1400422c4a": "Einstein", + "56e12110e3433e1400422c4b": "antagonistic", "56e12110e3433e1400422c4c": "relativity", - "56e121b7e3433e1400422c50": "a \"dynamic theory of gravity", + "56e121b7e3433e1400422c50": "theory of gravity", "56e121b7e3433e1400422c51": "1892", - "56e121b7e3433e1400422c52": "curved space", - "56e121b7e3433e1400422c53": "1937, at age 81", - "56e122dacd28a01900c67639": "selective breeding version of eugenics", - "56e122dacd28a01900c6763a": "ruthless workings of nature", - "56e122dacd28a01900c6763b": "\"pity\"", + "56e121b7e3433e1400422c52": "curved", + "56e121b7e3433e1400422c53": "81", + "56e122dacd28a01900c67639": "an imposed selective breeding version of eugenics", + "56e122dacd28a01900c6763a": "pity", + "56e122dacd28a01900c6763b": "pity", "56e122dacd28a01900c6763c": "1937", "56e1239acd28a01900c67641": "Queen Bees", "56e1239acd28a01900c67642": "1926", @@ -1658,1135 +1658,1135 @@ "56e12477e3433e1400422c5e": "post-World War I environment", "56e12477e3433e1400422c5f": "Science and Discovery", "56e12477e3433e1400422c60": "20 December 1914", - "56e12477e3433e1400422c61": "the League of Nations", + "56e12477e3433e1400422c61": "League of Nations", "56e124f1cd28a01900c6764f": "Orthodox Christian", "56e124f1cd28a01900c67650": "fanaticism", "56e124f1cd28a01900c67651": "Buddhism and Christianity", - "56e1254ae3433e1400422c66": "A Machine to End War", + "56e1254ae3433e1400422c66": "\"A Machine to End War\"", "56e1254ae3433e1400422c67": "uncertain", "56e1254ae3433e1400422c68": "A Machine to End War", - "56e125b6e3433e1400422c6c": "The Fantastic Inventions of Nikola Tesla, compiled and edited by David Hatcher Childress; and The Tesla Papers", + "56e125b6e3433e1400422c6c": "The Tesla Papers", "56e125b6e3433e1400422c6d": "Ben Johnston", "56e125b6e3433e1400422c6e": "Ben Johnston", "56e1262fcd28a01900c67655": "the web", "56e1262fcd28a01900c67656": "1900", - "56e1262fcd28a01900c67657": "The Problem of Increasing Human Energy", + "56e1262fcd28a01900c67657": "Inventions", "56e126dae3433e1400422c7c": "science fiction", "56e126dae3433e1400422c7d": "science fiction", "56e126dae3433e1400422c7e": "several", - "56e127bccd28a01900c6765b": "Time magazine", - "56e127bccd28a01900c6765c": "All the world's his power house\" noted his contribution to electrical power generation", + "56e127bccd28a01900c6765b": "Time", + "56e127bccd28a01900c6765c": "75th birthday", "56e127bccd28a01900c6765d": "electrical power generation", "56e127bccd28a01900c6765e": "Albert Einstein", - "56e127bccd28a01900c6765f": "more than 70 pioneers", + "56e127bccd28a01900c6765f": "more than 70", "56e16182e3433e1400422e28": "Computational complexity theory", "56e16182e3433e1400422e29": "their inherent difficulty", "56e16182e3433e1400422e2a": "computational problem", - "56e16839cd28a01900c67887": "if its solution requires significant resources", - "56e16839cd28a01900c67888": "introducing mathematical models of computation to study these problems and quantifying the amount of resources needed to solve them, such as time and storage", + "56e16839cd28a01900c67887": "the algorithm used", + "56e16839cd28a01900c67888": "introducing mathematical models of computation", "56e16839cd28a01900c67889": "time and storage", - "56e16839cd28a01900c6788a": "computational complexity theory", - "56e16839cd28a01900c6788b": "to determine the practical limits", - "56e17644e3433e1400422f40": "algorithms and computability theory", - "56e17644e3433e1400422f41": "computability theory. A key distinction between analysis of algorithms and computational complexity theory", - "56e17644e3433e1400422f42": "theoretical computer science are analysis of algorithms and computability theory. A key distinction between analysis of algorithms and computational complexity theory", - "56e17644e3433e1400422f43": "theoretical computer science are analysis of algorithms and computability theory", - "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a1": "problem instance, and should not be confused with the problem itself. In computational complexity theory", - "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a2": "a problem refers to the abstract question to be solved", - "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a3": "computational complexity theory, a problem refers to the abstract question to be solved. In contrast, an instance of this problem is a rather concrete utterance", - "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a4": "computational complexity theory", - "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a5": "computational complexity theory, a problem refers to the abstract question to be solved. In contrast, an instance of this problem is a rather concrete utterance", + "56e16839cd28a01900c6788a": "gates", + "56e16839cd28a01900c6788b": "to determine the practical limits on what computers can and cannot do", + "56e17644e3433e1400422f40": "analysis of algorithms and computability theory", + "56e17644e3433e1400422f41": "computability theory", + "56e17644e3433e1400422f42": "computational complexity theory", + "56e17644e3433e1400422f43": "computational complexity theory", + "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a1": "problem instance", + "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a2": "a problem", + "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a3": "concrete utterance", + "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a4": "utterance", + "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a5": "utterance", "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f7f": "2000", - "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f80": "little use for solving other instances of the problem, such as asking for a round trip through all sites in Milan", - "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f81": "a round trip through all sites in Milan whose total length is at most 10 km", - "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa0": "a string over an alphabet", - "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa1": "a string over an alphabet. Usually, the alphabet is taken to be the binary alphabet", + "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f80": "little use", + "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f81": "a round trip", + "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa0": "the binary alphabet", + "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa1": "the binary alphabet", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa2": "over an alphabet", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa3": "bitstrings", - "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa4": "binary notation, and graphs can be encoded directly via their adjacency matrices", + "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa4": "directly via their adjacency matrices", "56e190bce3433e1400422fc8": "Decision problems", "56e190bce3433e1400422fc9": "yes or no, or alternately either 1 or 0", - "56e190bce3433e1400422fca": "1 or 0", + "56e190bce3433e1400422fca": "yes or no, or alternately either 1 or 0", "56e190bce3433e1400422fcb": "yes", - "56e190bce3433e1400422fcc": "whether a given input string is a member of the formal language under consideration. If the algorithm deciding this problem returns the answer yes", - "56e19557e3433e1400422fee": "arbitrary graph", - "56e19557e3433e1400422ff0": "deciding whether the given graph is connected, or not", - "56e19557e3433e1400422ff1": "all connected graphs", - "56e19724cd28a01900c679f6": "decision problem, that is, it isn't just yes or no. Notable examples include the traveling salesman", - "56e19724cd28a01900c679f7": "every input", + "56e190bce3433e1400422fcc": "yes", + "56e19557e3433e1400422fee": "arbitrary", + "56e19557e3433e1400422ff0": "formal language", + "56e19557e3433e1400422ff1": "the set of all connected graphs", + "56e19724cd28a01900c679f6": "computational problem", + "56e19724cd28a01900c679f7": "single output", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f8": "integer factorization problem", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f9": "integer factorization problem", - "56e19724cd28a01900c679fa": "computational problem where a single output (of a total function) is expected for every input", + "56e19724cd28a01900c679fa": "more complex", "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2e": "decision problems", - "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2f": "triples", - "56e1a38de3433e140042305c": "calculated as a function of the size of the instance. This is usually taken to be the size of the input in bits", - "56e1a38de3433e140042305d": "larger instances will require more time to solve. Thus the time required to solve a problem (or the space required, or any measure of complexity", - "56e1a38de3433e140042305e": "larger instances will require more time to solve. Thus the time required to solve a problem (or the space required", + "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2f": "the set of triples", + "56e1a38de3433e140042305c": "the size of the input in bits", + "56e1a38de3433e140042305d": "the instance", + "56e1a38de3433e140042305e": "as a function of the size of the instance", "56e1a38de3433e140042305f": "bits", - "56e1a38de3433e1400423060": "the size of the instance. This is usually taken to be the size of the input in bits", + "56e1a38de3433e1400423060": "input size", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a48": "Cobham", - "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a49": "the worst-case time complexity T(n)", - "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4a": "complexity T(n)", - "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4b": "to be the maximum time taken over all inputs of size n. If T(n)", - "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4c": "a polynomial in n", - "56e1aba0e3433e1400423094": "A Turing machine", + "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a49": "time taken", + "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4a": "time complexity T", + "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4b": "the maximum time taken over all inputs of size n", + "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4c": "polynomial time algorithm", + "56e1aba0e3433e1400423094": "Turing machine", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423095": "an algorithm", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423097": "the Turing machine", - "56e1aba0e3433e1400423098": "symbols", - "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a68": "A probabilistic Turing machine is a deterministic Turing machine with an extra supply of random bits", - "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a69": "extra supply of random bits", + "56e1aba0e3433e1400423098": "manipulates symbols", + "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a68": "A deterministic Turing machine", + "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a69": "a fixed set of rules to determine its future actions", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6a": "randomized algorithms", - "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6b": "non-deterministic Turing machine is a deterministic Turing machine with an added feature of non-determinism", + "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6b": "A deterministic", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6c": "randomized algorithms", "56e1b00ce3433e140042309e": "complexity classes", - "56e1b00ce3433e140042309f": "when resources (such as time or space) are bounded", - "56e1b00ce3433e14004230a1": "deterministic Turing machines, probabilistic Turing machines", + "56e1b00ce3433e140042309f": "when resources", + "56e1b00ce3433e14004230a1": "deterministic Turing machines", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a72": "random access machines", - "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a73": "random access machines. Perhaps surprisingly, each of these models can be converted to another without providing any extra computational power", - "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a74": "random access machines", - "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a75": "random access machines", - "56e1b355e3433e14004230b0": "non-deterministic Turing machine", + "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a73": "memory consumption", + "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a74": "time and memory consumption", + "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a75": "deterministically", + "56e1b355e3433e14004230b0": "non-deterministic", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b1": "non-deterministic time", - "56e1b355e3433e14004230b2": "non-deterministic Turing machine has very little to do with how we physically want to compute algorithms", - "56e1b355e3433e14004230b3": "a non-deterministic Turing machine", - "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa3": "yes\" or \"no\"", - "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa4": "their difficulty, one defines sets of problems based on some criteria", - "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa5": "DTIME(f(n))", - "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa6": "DTIME(f(n))", - "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abc": "complexity resources", + "56e1b355e3433e14004230b2": "how we physically want to compute algorithms", + "56e1b355e3433e14004230b3": "non-deterministic time", + "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa3": "the total number of state transitions, or steps, the machine makes before it halts and outputs the answer (\"yes\" or \"no\")", + "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa4": "their difficulty", + "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa5": "if there exists a Turing machine operating in time f(n)", + "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa6": "time f(n) if there exists a Turing machine operating in time f(n)", + "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abc": "complexity", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abd": "computational resource", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abe": "Blum complexity axioms", - "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abf": "computational resource. Complexity measures are very generally defined by the Blum complexity axioms", - "56e1b754cd28a01900c67ac0": "Blum complexity axioms", - "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e6": "different inputs of the same size. Since some inputs of size n may be faster to solve than others, we define the following complexities", + "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abf": "circuit complexity", + "56e1b754cd28a01900c67ac0": "Complexity measures", + "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e6": "best, worst and average", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e7": "time complexity", - "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e8": "different inputs of the same size. Since some inputs of size n may be faster to solve than others, we define the following complexities", - "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e9": "average case complexity refer to three different ways of measuring the time complexity", - "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae0": "reverse order", + "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e8": "time complexity", + "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e9": "time complexity", + "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae0": "algorithm quicksort", "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae1": "the input", - "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae2": "n log n)", - "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423104": "the most efficient algorithm solving a given problem", - "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423105": "Analyzing a particular algorithm falls under the field of analysis of algorithms", - "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423106": "lower bound of T(n) for a problem requires showing that no algorithm can have time complexity lower than T(n)", - "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423107": "lower", + "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae2": "time O(n2)", + "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423104": "algorithm solving a given problem", + "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423105": "algorithms", + "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423106": "proving lower bounds", + "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423107": "lower bound", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423108": "\"all possible algorithms", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afc": "big O notation", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afd": "constant factors and smaller terms", - "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afe": "if T(n) = 7n2 + 15n + 40, in big O notation", - "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67aff": "constant factors and smaller terms", - "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2c": "complexity classes", - "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2d": "this framework", - "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2e": "some complexity classes have complicated definitions that do not fit into this framework", + "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afe": "big O notation", + "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67aff": "the computational model", + "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2c": "some complexity classes", + "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2d": "framework", + "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2e": "complicated definitions", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423134": "the chosen machine model", - "56e1c2eee3433e1400423135": "quadratic time in the model of single-tape Turing machines", + "56e1c2eee3433e1400423135": "quadratic time", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423136": "single-tape Turing machines", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423137": "Cobham-Edmonds", - "56e1c2eee3433e1400423138": "a multi-tape Turing machine", - "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423148": "decision problems", - "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423149": "algorithm", - "56e1c3e1e3433e140042314a": "the algorithm", + "56e1c2eee3433e1400423138": "class P", + "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423148": "time or space", + "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423149": "complexity classes", + "56e1c3e1e3433e140042314a": "complexity classes", "56e1c4fce3433e140042314e": "BPP, ZPP and RP", - "56e1c4fce3433e140042314f": "BPP, ZPP and RP, which are defined using probabilistic Turing machines", + "56e1c4fce3433e140042314f": "Boolean circuits", "56e1c4fce3433e1400423150": "quantum Turing machines", - "56e1c4fce3433e1400423151": "#P is an important complexity class of counting problems (not decision problems). Classes like IP and AM are defined using Interactive proof systems", - "56e1c4fce3433e1400423152": "quantum Turing machines", - "56e1c720e3433e140042316a": "DTIME(n) is contained in DTIME(n2", - "56e1c720e3433e140042316b": "DTIME(n2", - "56e1c720e3433e140042316c": "hierarchy theorems because they induce a proper hierarchy on the classes defined by constraining the respective resources", - "56e1c720e3433e140042316d": "a proper hierarchy", - "56e1c720e3433e140042316e": "DTIME(n) is contained in DTIME(n2", - "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b74": "The time and space hierarchy", - "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b75": "EXPTIME", + "56e1c4fce3433e1400423151": "#P", + "56e1c4fce3433e1400423152": "Interactive", + "56e1c720e3433e140042316a": "computation time", + "56e1c720e3433e140042316b": "n2", + "56e1c720e3433e140042316c": "hierarchy theorems", + "56e1c720e3433e140042316d": "a proper hierarchy on the classes", + "56e1c720e3433e140042316e": "quantitative statements", + "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b74": "time and space hierarchy theorems", + "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b75": "P is strictly contained in EXPTIME", "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b76": "PSPACE", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423192": "a reduction", - "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423193": "a reduction", + "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423193": "another problem", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423194": "no more difficult", - "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423195": "Karp reductions and Levin reductions", + "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423195": "Cook reductions, Karp reductions and Levin reductions", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423196": "log-space reductions", - "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bac": "polynomial-time reduction", - "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bad": "squaring an integer can be reduced to the problem of multiplying two integers", - "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bae": "a polynomial-time reduction", - "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67baf": "squaring is not more difficult than multiplication", - "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bb0": "multiplying two integers", - "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a4": "the type of reduction", - "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a5": "every problem in C can be reduced to X", - "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a6": "solve any problem in C. Of course, the notion of hard problems depends on the type of reduction", + "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bac": "a polynomial-time reduction", + "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bad": "the problem of squaring an integer can be reduced to the problem of multiplying two integers", + "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bae": "polynomial-time", + "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67baf": "squaring", + "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bb0": "the problem of multiplying two integers.", + "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a4": "the type of reduction being used", + "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a5": "if every problem in C can be reduced to X", + "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a6": "solve any problem in C", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a8": "NP-hard problems", - "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cb": "NP-complete", + "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cb": "NP-complete problems contains the most difficult", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cc": "NP-complete problems contains the most difficult problems in NP", - "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cd": "polynomial time would mean that P = NP", - "56e1d9fee3433e14004231ce": "solved in polynomial time would mean that P = NP.", - "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bca": "Cobham\u2013Edmonds thesis", + "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cd": "NP is not solved", + "56e1d9fee3433e14004231ce": "NP problems can be reduced to the set", + "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bca": "P", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcb": "Cobham\u2013Edmonds thesis", - "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcc": "P is often seen as a mathematical abstraction modeling those computational tasks that admit an efficient algorithm. This hypothesis is called the Cobham\u2013Edmonds thesis", - "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcd": "Boolean satisfiability problem", + "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcc": "P", + "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcd": "the Hamiltonian path problem", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bce": "Cobham\u2013Edmonds thesis", - "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d5": "yes", - "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d6": "logistics, protein structure prediction in biology, and the ability to find formal proofs of pure mathematics theorems", - "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d8": "one of the Millennium Prize Problems proposed by the Clay Mathematics Institute", + "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d5": "many important problems can be shown to have more efficient solutions", + "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d6": "protein structure prediction", + "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d8": "US$1,000,000", "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd4": "Ladner", "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd5": "NP-intermediate problems", - "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd6": "NP-intermediate problems", - "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fc": "determining whether two finite graphs are isomorphic. An important unsolved problem in complexity theory", - "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fd": "P, NP-complete, or NP-intermediate", - "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fe": "P, NP-complete, or NP-intermediate", - "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231ff": "second level", + "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd6": "The graph isomorphism problem, the discrete logarithm problem and the integer factorization problem", + "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fc": "isomorphism problem", + "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fd": "NP-complete", + "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fe": "isomorphism problem is the computational problem of determining whether two finite graphs are isomorphic. An important unsolved problem in complexity theory", + "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231ff": "its second", "56e1e9dfe3433e1400423200": "Laszlo Babai and Eugene Luks", - "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0a": "integer factorization problem is the computational problem of determining the prime factorization of a given integer", - "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0b": "a given integer", - "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0c": "RSA algorithm", - "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0e": "RSA algorithm", - "56e1ee4de3433e1400423210": "one class", - "56e1ee4de3433e1400423211": "it is possible that all these complexity classes collapse to one class. Proving that any of these classes are unequal would be a major breakthrough in complexity theory", - "56e1ee4de3433e1400423212": "PSPACE", - "56e1ee4de3433e1400423214": "P and PSPACE", - "56e1efa0e3433e140042321a": "co-NP is the class containing the complement problems (i.e. problems with the yes/no answers reversed) of NP problems", - "56e1efa0e3433e140042321b": "reversed) of NP problems", + "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0a": "The integer factorization problem", + "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0b": "k", + "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0c": "non-quantum complexity classes", + "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0e": "the general number field sieve", + "56e1ee4de3433e1400423210": "Proving that any of these classes are unequal would be a major breakthrough in complexity theory", + "56e1ee4de3433e1400423211": "Proving that any of these classes are unequal", + "56e1ee4de3433e1400423212": "between P and PSPACE", + "56e1ee4de3433e1400423214": "all these complexity classes collapse to one class", + "56e1efa0e3433e140042321a": "co-NP", + "56e1efa0e3433e140042321b": "reversed", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321c": "NP is not equal to co-NP", - "56e1efa0e3433e140042321d": "yes/no answers reversed) of NP problems", - "56e1f10ee3433e1400423222": "P or equal to P. Again, there are many complexity classes", - "56e1f10ee3433e1400423223": "equal classes", - "56e1f10ee3433e1400423224": "many complexity classes between the two, such as NL and NC, and it is not known if they are distinct or equal classes", + "56e1efa0e3433e140042321d": "yes/no answers reversed) of NP problems. It is believed that NP is not equal to co-NP", + "56e1f10ee3433e1400423222": "L", + "56e1f10ee3433e1400423223": "many complexity classes between the two,", + "56e1f10ee3433e1400423224": "complexity classes", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423225": "NL and NC", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423226": "it is not known if they are distinct or equal classes", - "56e1fc57e3433e140042322c": "intractable problems", - "56e1fc57e3433e140042322f": "complexity theory", - "56e1fc57e3433e1400423230": "a polynomial time algorithm is not always practical. If its running time is, say, n15", + "56e1fc57e3433e140042322c": "intractable problems. In complexity theory", + "56e1fc57e3433e140042322f": "complexity", + "56e1fc57e3433e1400423230": "NP-complete problems", "56e1febfe3433e1400423236": "Presburger arithmetic", - "56e1febfe3433e1400423237": "the decision problem in Presburger arithmetic", - "56e1febfe3433e1400423238": "Presburger arithmetic", + "56e1febfe3433e1400423237": "algorithms have been written", + "56e1febfe3433e1400423238": "knapsack", "56e1febfe3433e1400423239": "over a wide range of sizes in less than quadratic time", "56e1febfe3433e140042323a": "NP-complete Boolean satisfiability problem", - "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c14": "Turing machines", + "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c14": "simplification", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c15": "Alan Turing", - "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c16": "algorithmic problems started off, numerous foundations were laid out by various researchers. Most influential among these was the definition of Turing machines", + "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c16": "a computer", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c17": "1936", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c18": "simplification", - "56e202e9e3433e1400423240": "Fortnow & Homer (2003) point out, the beginning of systematic studies in computational complexity is attributed to the seminal paper", + "56e202e9e3433e1400423240": "seminal paper \"On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms", "56e202e9e3433e1400423241": "Juris Hartmanis and Richard Stearns", "56e202e9e3433e1400423242": "1965", - "56e202e9e3433e1400423243": "Juris Hartmanis and Richard Stearns (1965), which laid out the definitions of time and space complexity and proved the hierarchy theorems", + "56e202e9e3433e1400423243": "time and space complexity", "56e202e9e3433e1400423244": "1965", "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1e": "John Myhill", "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1f": "1961", - "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c20": "Boris Trakhtenbrot", + "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c20": "Hisao Yamada's", "56e20a27cd28a01900c67c24": "input encoding", "56e20a27cd28a01900c67c25": "encoding", - "56e20a3ae3433e140042324a": "Stephen Cook", + "56e20a3ae3433e140042324a": "Manuel Blum", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324b": "speed-up theorem", - "56e20a3ae3433e140042324d": "Reducibility Among Combinatorial Problems", + "56e20a3ae3433e140042324d": "\"Reducibility Among Combinatorial Problems\"", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324e": "21", - "56e7477700c9c71400d76f23": "pedagogy", + "56e7477700c9c71400d76f23": "the curriculum", "56e7477700c9c71400d76f24": "pedagogy", - "56e7477700c9c71400d76f25": "a university or college", + "56e7477700c9c71400d76f25": "university or college", "56e7477700c9c71400d76f26": "a lesson plan", - "56e7477700c9c71400d76f27": "university or college", + "56e7477700c9c71400d76f27": "school or other place of formal education", "56e748a200c9c71400d76f37": "cultures", "56e748a200c9c71400d76f38": "numeracy", - "56e748a200c9c71400d76f39": "literacy and numeracy, craftsmanship or vocational training, the arts, religion, civics, community roles, or life skills", - "56e748a200c9c71400d76f3a": "Teachers may provide instruction in literacy and numeracy", - "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f51": "teacher occupying a transient or ongoing role, such as a family member", + "56e748a200c9c71400d76f39": "numeracy, craftsmanship", + "56e748a200c9c71400d76f3a": "literacy", + "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f51": "a teacher", "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f52": "formal education", - "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f53": "formal education can take place through home schooling", - "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f54": "a family member", - "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f55": "teacher occupying a transient", - "56e74af500c9c71400d76f65": "Quran, Torah or Bible", - "56e74af500c9c71400d76f66": "religious texts such as the Quran, Torah or Bible", - "56e74af500c9c71400d76f67": "Quran, Torah or Bible", - "56e74af500c9c71400d76f68": "gurus, mullahs, rabbis, pastors/youth pastors and lamas", + "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f53": "formal", + "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f54": "family member", + "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f55": "knowledge or skills", + "56e74af500c9c71400d76f65": "spiritual teachers", + "56e74af500c9c71400d76f66": "religious texts", + "56e74af500c9c71400d76f67": "Torah or Bible", + "56e74af500c9c71400d76f68": "spiritual teachers", "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e33": "homeschooling", "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e34": "paid professionals", - "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e35": "Chartered or CPA", - "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e36": "homeschooling", - "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e37": "paid professionals. Such professionals enjoy a status in some societies on a par with physicians, lawyers, engineers, and accountants", + "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e35": "Chartered", + "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e36": "homeschooling, or in the wider community", + "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e37": "paid professionals", "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f6e": "school functions", - "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f6f": "extracurricular activities", - "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f70": "field trips", + "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f6f": "extracurricular", + "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f70": "extracurricular", "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f71": "teachers", - "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f76": "teacher's colleges", - "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f77": "to serve and protect the public interest through certifying, governing and enforcing the standards of practice for the teaching profession", - "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f78": "certifying, governing and enforcing the standards of practice for the teaching profession", - "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f79": "governments", - "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f7a": "knowledge and professional standing of teachers. Around the world many governments operate teacher's colleges, which are generally established to serve and protect the public interest", - "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f94": "publicly funded schools must be members in good standing with the college, and private schools", + "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f76": "colleges", + "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f77": "to serve and protect the public interest", + "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f78": "the public interest", + "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f79": "professional standing of teachers", + "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f7a": "standards of practice for the teaching profession", + "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f94": "professional misconduct", "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f95": "allegations of professional misconduct and taking appropriate disciplinary action and accrediting teacher education programs", "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f96": "the college", - "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f97": "publicly funded schools must be members in good standing with the college, and private schools may also require their teachers to be college peoples", - "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f98": "the Superintendent of Public Instruction, the State Education Agency or other governmental bodies", - "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5b": "education", + "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f97": "professional misconduct", + "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f98": "State Board of Education", + "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5b": "individual basis", "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5c": "a tutor", - "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5d": "academy", + "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5d": "school or academy", "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5e": "a tutor", - "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fa8": "pedagogy", + "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fa8": "study and lesson plan", "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fa9": "pedagogy", "56e751fb00c9c71400d76faa": "pedagogy", - "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fab": "increasing use of technology, specifically the rise of the internet over the past decade, has begun to shape the way teachers approach their roles", - "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fac": "pedagogy", - "56e7535037bdd419002c3e6f": "lesson plan, or a practical skill. A teacher may follow standardized curricula as determined by the relevant authority", - "56e7535037bdd419002c3e70": "teacher may follow standardized curricula as determined by the relevant authority", - "56e7535037bdd419002c3e71": "different ages, from infants to adults, students with different abilities and students with learning disabilities", + "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fab": "the rise of the internet over the past decade", + "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fac": "the internet", + "56e7535037bdd419002c3e6f": "study, lesson plan, or a practical skill", + "56e7535037bdd419002c3e70": "the relevant authority", + "56e7535037bdd419002c3e71": "learning disabilities", "56e7535037bdd419002c3e72": "standardized curricula", - "56e7535037bdd419002c3e73": "practical skill", - "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbc": "skills", - "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbd": "self-study", - "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbe": "pressure the lazy, inspire the bored", - "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbf": "pressure the lazy, inspire the bored", + "56e7535037bdd419002c3e73": "standardized", + "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbc": "particular skills", + "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbd": "self-study and problem solving", + "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbe": "to pressure the lazy, inspire the bored, deflate the cocky", + "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbf": "inspire the bored, deflate", "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fc0": "pressure the lazy", - "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc6": "teachers and children", + "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc6": "relationship between teachers and children", "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc7": "the whole curriculum", - "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc8": "a teacher who stays with them for most of the week and will teach them the whole curriculum. In secondary schools they will be taught by different subject specialists", - "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc9": "secondary school teaching", + "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc8": "teachers and children", + "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc9": "primary school", "56e7550700c9c71400d76fca": "specialist teacher and surrogate parent", - "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8b": "alternative approaches for primary education", + "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8b": "alternative", "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8c": "platoon\" system", - "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8d": "\"platoon\" system", - "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8e": "a \"platoon\" system", - "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8f": "United States", - "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e95": "Co-teaching has also become a new trend amongst educational institutions", - "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e96": "two", - "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e97": "social networking support that allows them to reach their full cognitive potential", - "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e98": "in sync with one another to create a climate of learning", - "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e99": "social networking support that allows them to reach their full cognitive potential", + "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8d": "placing a group of students together in one class", + "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8e": "placing a group of students together in one class that moves from one specialist to another for every subject", + "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8f": "the United States", + "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e95": "to fulfill the needs of every student in the classroom", + "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e96": "two or more", + "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e97": "learning", + "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e98": "harmoniously", + "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e99": "social networking", "56e7578a37bdd419002c3ea9": "corporal punishment", - "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eaa": "corporal punishment", - "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eab": "corporal punishment", - "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eac": "corporal punishment. While a child was in school, a teacher was expected to act as a substitute parent", - "56e7578a37bdd419002c3ead": "substitute parent", - "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb3": "paddling or caning or strapping or birching the student in order to cause physical pain", - "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb4": "paddling or caning or strapping or birching the student in order to cause physical pain", + "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eaa": "a substitute parent", + "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eab": "corporal punishment. While a child was in school, a teacher was expected to act as a substitute parent, with all the normal forms of parental discipline", + "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eac": "most common", + "56e7578a37bdd419002c3ead": "Throughout the history of education the most common form of school discipline was corporal punishment. While a child was in school", + "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb3": "one of the most common", + "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb4": "much of the world", "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb5": "United States", - "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb6": "Western countries, and some others, have now banned it, but it remains lawful in the United States", + "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb6": "US Supreme Court", "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb7": "physical pain", "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fec": "30", - "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fed": "Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Tennessee and Texas", + "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fed": "mostly in the South", "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fee": "declining", - "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fef": "Corporal punishment in American schools is administered to the seat of the student's trousers", - "56e7591b00c9c71400d76ff0": "in the principal's office", - "56e759bb00c9c71400d77000": "Asian, African and Caribbean countries", - "56e759bb00c9c71400d77001": "Asian, African and Caribbean countries", - "56e759bb00c9c71400d77002": "Asian, African and Caribbean countries. For details of individual countries see School corporal punishment", - "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ec7": "one of the most common punishments in schools", + "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fef": "wooden paddle", + "56e7591b00c9c71400d76ff0": "in the classroom or hallway, but nowadays the punishment is usually given privately in the principal's office", + "56e759bb00c9c71400d77000": "caning", + "56e759bb00c9c71400d77001": "Asian, African and Caribbean", + "56e759bb00c9c71400d77002": "Asian, African and Caribbean countries", + "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ec7": "detention", "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ec8": "detention", "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ec9": "school day", - "56e75a9037bdd419002c3eca": "remain in school at a given time in the school day", - "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ecb": "a punishment essay", + "56e75a9037bdd419002c3eca": "write lines or a punishment essay, or sit quietly.", + "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ecb": "lines or a punishment essay", "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed1": "assertive", "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed2": "immediate and fair punishment", - "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed3": "Positive reinforcement is balanced with immediate and fair punishment for misbehavior and firm", - "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed4": "Positive reinforcement is balanced with immediate and fair punishment for misbehavior and firm, clear boundaries define what is appropriate and inappropriate behavior", - "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed5": "sarcasm", + "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed3": "clear", + "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed4": "sarcasm and attempts to humiliate pupils", + "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed5": "to respect", "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef5": "teachers and parents", "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef6": "East Asia", - "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef7": "weakness in school discipline and if teachers exercised firm control over the classroom they would be able to teach more efficiently", - "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef8": "confrontational style of discipline", + "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef7": "weakness in school discipline", + "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef8": "assertive and confrontational style", "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702c": "Japan", "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702d": "Japan", "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702e": "Japan", "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702f": "Japan", "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703a": "40 to 50 students", - "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703b": "leaving little opportunity", + "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703b": "instruction", "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703c": "motivated students", - "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703d": "motivated students, ignoring attention-seeking and disruptive students", - "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703e": "disproportionate resources. Given the emphasis on attainment of university places, administrators and governors", - "56e7611500c9c71400d77054": "democratic", - "56e7611500c9c71400d77055": "dictatorial authority for governments and schools alike. They also claim that in these schools the preservation of public order is easier and more efficient", - "56e7611500c9c71400d77056": "one of persuasion and negotiation", - "56e7611500c9c71400d77057": "dictatorial authority for governments and schools alike. They also claim that in these schools the preservation of public order is easier and more efficient", + "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703d": "motivated students", + "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703e": "motivated students", + "56e7611500c9c71400d77054": "dictatorial", + "56e7611500c9c71400d77055": "Sudbury model democratic schools", + "56e7611500c9c71400d77056": "persuasion and negotiation", + "56e7611500c9c71400d77057": "dictatorial authority for governments and schools alike. They also claim that in these schools the preservation of public order is easier", "56e7611500c9c71400d77058": "good, clear laws", - "56e761d037bdd419002c3f13": "positive learning experience towards the course materials", - "56e761d037bdd419002c3f14": "passion", - "56e761d037bdd419002c3f15": "rote", - "56e761d037bdd419002c3f17": "higher than teachers who didn't show much enthusiasm for the course materials", - "56e762fe00c9c71400d77072": "teacher enthusiasm and students' intrinsic motivation to learn and vitality in the classroom", - "56e762fe00c9c71400d77073": "lecture material outside of the classroom", - "56e762fe00c9c71400d77074": "demonstrative gesturing", + "56e761d037bdd419002c3f13": "enthusiasm", + "56e761d037bdd419002c3f14": "a positive disposition towards the course content", + "56e761d037bdd419002c3f15": "to find new invigoration for the course materials on a daily basis", + "56e761d037bdd419002c3f17": "higher", + "56e762fe00c9c71400d77072": "higher levels", + "56e762fe00c9c71400d77073": "lecture material", + "56e762fe00c9c71400d77074": "demonstrative", "56e762fe00c9c71400d77075": "experimental", - "56e762fe00c9c71400d77076": "demonstrative gesturing, dramatic movements which are varied, and emotional facial expressions", - "56e763e800c9c71400d77086": "Enthusiastic teachers", - "56e763e800c9c71400d77087": "enthusiasm may act as a \"motivational embellishment\"; increasing a student's interest by the variety, novelty", - "56e763e800c9c71400d77088": "mere exposure", - "56e763e800c9c71400d77089": "excitement", - "56e764e200c9c71400d7708e": "teacher relationships", + "56e762fe00c9c71400d77076": "emotional facial expressions", + "56e763e800c9c71400d77086": "self-determined", + "56e763e800c9c71400d77087": "enthusiasm may act", + "56e763e800c9c71400d77088": "emotional contagion", + "56e763e800c9c71400d77089": "variety, novelty, and surprise of the enthusiastic teacher", + "56e764e200c9c71400d7708e": "student-teacher relationships", "56e764e200c9c71400d7708f": "beneficial relations with their students", - "56e764e200c9c71400d77090": "the goals he receives from his superior", + "56e764e200c9c71400d77090": "goals he receives from his superior", "56e764e200c9c71400d77091": "aligning his personal goals with his academic goals", - "56e764e200c9c71400d77092": "Enthusiastic teachers are particularly good at creating beneficial relations with their students. Their ability to create effective learning environments", - "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a2": "courses taught by these teachers", + "56e764e200c9c71400d77092": "Research shows that student motivation and attitudes towards school are closely linked to student-teacher relationships. Enthusiastic teachers", + "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a2": "teachers", "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a4": "teachers who are friendly and supportive", - "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a5": "interacting and working directly with students are perceived as supportive and effective teachers. Effective teachers have been shown to invite student participation and decision making", - "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a6": "supportive and effective teachers. Effective teachers have been shown to invite student participation and decision making, allow humor into their classroom, and demonstrate a willingness to play", - "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f49": "teaching, enthusiasm about the students, and enthusiasm about the subject matter", - "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4a": "enthusiastic about the subject matter they are teaching", - "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4b": "excitement", - "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4c": "the subject matter they are teaching", - "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4d": "art of chemistry", + "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a5": "interacting and working directly with students", + "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a6": "teachers. Teachers that spend more time interacting and working directly with students are perceived as supportive and effective teachers. Effective teachers", + "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f49": "enthusiasm about the subject matter", + "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4a": "A teacher must enjoy teaching", + "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4b": "excitement in the student as well", + "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4c": "very influential in the young students life", + "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4d": "teaching", "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f53": "sexual misconduct", "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f54": "9.6%", - "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f55": "American Association of University Women reported that 9.6% of students in the United States", - "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f56": "9.6%", - "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f57": "American Association of University Women", - "56e7683d00c9c71400d770ca": "England", - "56e7683d00c9c71400d770cb": "teachers", - "56e7683d00c9c71400d770cd": "869 young people between the ages of 18 and 24", - "56e7683d00c9c71400d770ce": "AAUW", + "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f55": "United States", + "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f56": "sometime during their educational career", + "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f57": "teachers", + "56e7683d00c9c71400d770ca": "study in England", + "56e7683d00c9c71400d770cb": "\" not necessarily a teacher", + "56e7683d00c9c71400d770cd": "2,869", + "56e7683d00c9c71400d770ce": "a list", "56e768ce37bdd419002c3f67": "the United States", "56e768ce37bdd419002c3f69": "teacher misconduct", "56e769dc00c9c71400d770e8": "Fears of being labelled a pedophile or hebephile", "56e769dc00c9c71400d770e9": "Chris Keates", - "56e769dc00c9c71400d770ea": "child protection and parental rights groups. Fears of being labelled a pedophile", - "56e769dc00c9c71400d770eb": "outrage from child protection and parental rights groups. Fears of being labelled a pedophile or hebephile", - "56e769dc00c9c71400d770ec": "sex offenders register", - "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f75": "Stress can be caused by organizational change", - "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f76": "relationships with students, fellow teachers, and administrative personnel, working environment, expectations to substitute, long hours with a heavy workload, and inspections", + "56e769dc00c9c71400d770ea": "child protection and parental rights groups", + "56e769dc00c9c71400d770eb": "shortage of male teachers", + "56e769dc00c9c71400d770ec": "the sex offenders register", + "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f75": "occupational stress", + "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f76": "inspections", "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f77": "occupational burnout", "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f78": "Stress", - "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f79": "occupational burnout", + "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f79": "occupational stress", "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f7f": "42%", - "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f80": "42% of UK teachers experienced occupational stress, twice the figure for the average profession. A 2012", + "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f80": "2000", "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f81": "twice", - "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f82": "teachers", - "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f83": "double the rate of anxiety, depression, and stress than average workers", - "56e76c6a00c9c71400d7710e": "several ways to mitigate the occupational hazards of teaching. Organizational interventions, like changing teachers' schedules", - "56e76c6a00c9c71400d7710f": "teachers' schedules, providing support networks and mentoring, changing the work environment, and offering promotions and bonuses", - "56e76c6a00c9c71400d77110": "Individual-level interventions, including stress-management training and counseling, are also used to relieve occupational stress among teachers", + "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f82": "2012", + "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f83": "average workers", + "56e76c6a00c9c71400d7710e": "several", + "56e76c6a00c9c71400d7710f": "Organizational interventions", + "56e76c6a00c9c71400d77110": "relieve occupational stress among teachers", "56e76c6a00c9c71400d77111": "occupational stress among teachers", - "56e76c6a00c9c71400d77112": "teachers' schedules, providing support networks and mentoring", - "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f93": "a university or college", - "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f94": "a recognized body", - "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f95": "elementary school education", + "56e76c6a00c9c71400d77112": "Organizational interventions, like changing teachers' schedules, providing support networks and mentoring", + "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f93": "in a university or college", + "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f94": "certification by a recognized body", + "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f95": "elementary school education certificate", "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f96": "prospective teachers pass a background check and psychiatric evaluation", "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f97": "US", - "56e76de800c9c71400d77122": "individual states and territories", + "56e76de800c9c71400d77122": "the individual states and territories", "56e76de800c9c71400d77123": "three", - "56e76de800c9c71400d77124": "the three-tier model", - "56e76de800c9c71400d77125": "secondary schools/high schools", - "56e76de800c9c71400d77126": "three-tier model", - "56e76ea737bdd419002c3f9d": "a post-secondary degree Bachelor's Degree. In most provinces a second Bachelor's Degree such as a Bachelor of Education", - "56e76ea737bdd419002c3f9e": "$90,000/yr", - "56e76ea737bdd419002c3fa1": "the provincial government or teaching", + "56e76de800c9c71400d77124": "secondary schools/high schools", + "56e76de800c9c71400d77125": "universities and/or TAFE colleges", + "56e76de800c9c71400d77126": "the three-tier model", + "56e76ea737bdd419002c3f9d": "a post-secondary degree Bachelor's Degree", + "56e76ea737bdd419002c3f9e": "a public school", + "56e76ea737bdd419002c3fa1": "in a private school which is funded by the private sector, businesses and sponsors", "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712c": "civil servants recruited in special university classes", - "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712d": "civil servants recruited in special university classes", - "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712e": "Lehramtstudien (Teaching Education Studies). There are many differences between the teachers for elementary schools (Grundschule", + "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712d": "special university classes", + "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712e": "Grundschule", "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712f": "civil servants' salary index scale", - "56e76f7000c9c71400d77130": "Realschule) and higher level secondary schools (Gymnasium", - "56e7714a00c9c71400d77137": "Extra pay is also given for teaching through the Irish language", - "56e7714a00c9c71400d77138": "\u20ac27", - "56e7714a00c9c71400d77139": "\u20ac27,814 p.a., rising incrementally to \u20ac53,423", - "56e7714a00c9c71400d7713a": "Extra pay", + "56e76f7000c9c71400d77130": "Realschule", + "56e7714a00c9c71400d77137": "Extra pay", + "56e7714a00c9c71400d77138": "\u20ac27,814 p.a.", + "56e7714a00c9c71400d77139": "several qualifications", + "56e7714a00c9c71400d7713a": "several qualifications", "56e7721500c9c71400d77140": "the Teaching Council", "56e7721500c9c71400d77141": "Section 30 of the Teaching Council Act 2001", - "56e7721500c9c71400d77142": "30 of the Teaching Council Act 2001", + "56e7721500c9c71400d77142": "Section 30 of the Teaching Council Act 2001", "56e7721500c9c71400d77143": "Oireachtas funds", "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbb": "2006", - "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbc": "non-teaching posts", + "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbc": "Existing staff", "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbe": "on a phased basis", - "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbf": "non-teaching posts and those who refuse vetting", - "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714a": "\u00a320,133 to \u00a341,004", - "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714b": "extra responsibilities", - "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714c": "\u00a320,980 annually", + "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbf": "those who refuse vetting", + "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714a": "\u00a341,004", + "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714b": "experience and extra responsibilities", + "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714c": "\u00a320,980", "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714d": "bachelor's", "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714e": "September 2007", "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd5": "alternative licensing programs", - "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd6": "hard-to-fill positions", - "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd7": "Excellent job opportunities are expected as retirements, especially among secondary school teachers, outweigh slowing enrollment growth; opportunities will vary by geographic area", - "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd8": "Excellent job opportunities are expected as retirements", + "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd6": "hard-to-fill", + "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd7": "vary", + "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd8": "Excellent", "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd9": "secondary school teachers", "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715c": "General Teaching Council for Scotland", - "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715d": "Teaching in Scotland", + "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715d": "Teaching", "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715e": "seven", - "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715f": "a programme of Initial Teacher Education (ITE) at one of the seven Scottish Universities", + "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715f": "one of the seven Scottish Universities", "56e775ec00c9c71400d77160": "a year", - "56e7770037bdd419002c3fdf": "\u00a320,427 for a Probationer, up to \u00a332,583 after 6 years teaching", - "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe0": "\u00a339,942", - "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe1": "\u00a339,942", - "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe2": "\u00a339,942 as they complete the modules to earn Chartered Teacher Status", + "56e7770037bdd419002c3fdf": "April 2008", + "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe0": "\u00a320,427", + "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe1": "\u00a320,427", + "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe2": "Chartered Teacher Status", "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe3": "Scottish Secondary Teachers' Association", - "56e777e500c9c71400d77176": "Wales", + "56e777e500c9c71400d77176": "Education in Wales", "56e777e500c9c71400d77177": "Welsh", - "56e777e500c9c71400d77178": "22 per cent", + "56e777e500c9c71400d77178": "until the age of 16", "56e777e500c9c71400d77179": "22 per cent", - "56e777e500c9c71400d7717a": "all age groups through nurseries", + "56e777e500c9c71400d7717a": "all age groups", "56e7788200c9c71400d77180": "trade unions such as ATL, NUT or NASUWT", "56e7788200c9c71400d77181": "falling with teachers being younger than in previous years", - "56e7788200c9c71400d77182": "2005 and 2010", - "56e7788200c9c71400d77183": "ATL", - "56e7788200c9c71400d77184": "Welsh schools", - "56e7796637bdd419002c3ffd": "charter schools do not require that their teachers be certified", + "56e7788200c9c71400d77182": "between 2005 and 2010", + "56e7788200c9c71400d77183": "Teachers in Wales can be registered members of trade unions", + "56e7788200c9c71400d77184": "A growing cause of concern", + "56e7796637bdd419002c3ffd": "each state", "56e7796637bdd419002c3ffe": "ten years", "56e7796637bdd419002c3fff": "bachelor's degree", "56e7796637bdd419002c4000": "charter schools", "56e7796637bdd419002c4001": "No Child Left Behind", - "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718a": "graduated scales", - "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718b": "low salaries", - "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718c": "$41,855", - "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718d": "$39,259", + "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718a": "low salaries", + "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718b": "average teacher salaries", + "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718c": "state, relative cost of living, and grade taught", + "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718d": "elementary school teachers", "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718e": "the internet", "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77194": "three", - "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77196": "Protestant/Non-Denominational", - "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77197": "Pope of Rome", - "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77198": "Roman) Catholic", + "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77196": "Roman", + "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77197": "Roman", + "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77198": "Roman", "56e77c6737bdd419002c401d": "LDS Church", "56e77c6737bdd419002c401e": "archetype", - "56e77c6737bdd419002c401f": "spiritual mentorship", - "56e77c6737bdd419002c4020": "archetype", - "56e77c6737bdd419002c4021": "father", - "56e77cee00c9c71400d771a8": "a guru", + "56e77c6737bdd419002c401f": "spiritual", + "56e77c6737bdd419002c4020": "his wife", + "56e77c6737bdd419002c4021": "the father of the house", + "56e77cee00c9c71400d771a8": "guru", "56e77cee00c9c71400d771a9": "extremely high", - "56e77cee00c9c71400d771aa": "a great deal of control over the lives of their disciples", - "56e77cee00c9c71400d771ab": "Hinduism", + "56e77cee00c9c71400d771aa": "disciples", + "56e77cee00c9c71400d771ab": "West", "56e77da237bdd419002c403b": "a Lama", - "56e77da237bdd419002c403c": "be reborn", + "56e77da237bdd419002c403c": "reborn", "56e77da237bdd419002c403d": "Tulku", "56e77da237bdd419002c403e": "many times", - "56e77da237bdd419002c403f": "phowa and siddhi", - "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b0": "mullahs (the teachers at madrassas) to ulemas", - "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b1": "mullahs", - "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b2": "spiritual teacher and an esoteric", - "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b3": "esoteric", - "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b4": "a Qutb", + "56e77da237bdd419002c403f": "through phowa and siddhi", + "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b0": "ulemas", + "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b1": "ulemas", + "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b2": "esoteric", + "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b3": "spiritual teacher and an esoteric", + "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b4": "Qutb", "56f7c651aef2371900625bf5": "German", - "56f7c651aef2371900625bf6": "10 November 1483 \u2013 18 February 1546", + "56f7c651aef2371900625bf6": "18 February 1546", "56f7c651aef2371900625bf7": "the Late Medieval Catholic Church", "56f7c651aef2371900625bf8": "freedom from God's punishment", "56f7c651aef2371900625bf9": "excommunication", - "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727a": "teaching", - "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727b": "free gift of God's grace through faith in Jesus Christ as redeemer from sin. His theology challenged the authority and office of the Pope", - "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727c": "the authority and office of the Pope", - "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727d": "divinely revealed knowledge from God and opposed sacerdotalism by considering all baptized Christians to be a holy priesthood", + "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727a": "as a free", + "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727b": "salvation and subsequently eternal life", + "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727c": "office of the Pope", + "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727d": "the Bible", "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727e": "a holy priesthood", - "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17284": "Tyndale Bible", - "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17285": "writing of an English translation, the Tyndale Bible", + "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17284": "the Bible", + "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17285": "the development of a standard", "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17286": "Tyndale Bible", - "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17287": "Tyndale Bible", + "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17287": "singing in churches", "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17288": "marry", - "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e1728e": "1484", - "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e1728f": "Saxony", - "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e17290": "the Holy Roman Empire", + "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e1728e": "10 November 1483", + "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e1728f": "Eisleben, Saxony", + "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e17290": "Holy Roman Empire", "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e17291": "Catholic", "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e17292": "lawyer", - "56f7e9caaef2371900625c56": "Erfurt", + "56f7e9caaef2371900625c56": "University of Erfurt", "56f7e9caaef2371900625c57": "a beerhouse and whorehouse", "56f7e9caaef2371900625c58": "four", - "56f7e9caaef2371900625c59": "a day of rote learning and often wearying spiritual exercises", + "56f7e9caaef2371900625c59": "a day of rote learning and often wearying spiritual exercises.\"", "56f7e9caaef2371900625c5a": "1505", - "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172cd": "theology and philosophy", + "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172cd": "law school", "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172ce": "uncertainty", "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172cf": "theology and philosophy", - "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172d0": "suspicious of even the greatest thinkers and to test everything himself by experience", - "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172d1": "God", - "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d7": "lightning bolt struck near him. Later telling his father he was terrified of death and divine judgment", - "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d8": "17 July 1505", - "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d9": "university on horseback after a trip home", - "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172da": "deaths of two friends", - "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172db": "furious over what he saw as a waste of Luther's education", - "56f7ef96aef2371900625c74": "deep spiritual despair", + "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172d0": "everything himself by experience", + "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172d1": "men and institutions, but not God", + "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d7": "death and divine judgment", + "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d8": "2 July 1505", + "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d9": "Erfurt", + "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172da": "the deaths of two friends", + "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172db": "Luther's education", + "56f7ef96aef2371900625c74": "the Augustinian order", "56f7ef96aef2371900625c75": "one of deep spiritual despair", - "56f7ef96aef2371900625c76": "jailer and hangman of my poor soul", + "56f7ef96aef2371900625c76": "the jailer and hangman of my poor soul", "56f7ef96aef2371900625c77": "Johann von Staupitz", - "56f7ef96aef2371900625c78": "his superior, pointed Luther's mind away from continual reflection upon his sins toward the merits of Christ", + "56f7ef96aef2371900625c78": "a change of heart", "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172eb": "1507", - "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ec": "Staupitz", + "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ec": "von Staupitz", "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ed": "1508", "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ee": "9 March 1508", - "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ef": "Peter Lombard", - "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb0": "21 October 1512", + "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ef": "theology", + "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb0": "19 October 1512", "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb1": "21 October 1512", - "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb2": "the position of Doctor", + "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb2": "Doctor in Bible", "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb3": "University of Wittenberg", "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb4": "Doctor of Theology", "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17367": "1516", - "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17368": "raise money", - "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17369": "Roman Catholic", - "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e1736a": "charity and good works", + "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17368": "to sell indulgences to raise money to rebuild St. Peter's Basilica in Rome", + "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17369": "Roman Catholic theology", + "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e1736a": "is active in charity and good works", "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e1736b": "good works", "56f7ffadaef2371900625d5e": "31 October 1517", "56f7ffadaef2371900625d5f": "Albert of Mainz", - "56f7ffadaef2371900625d60": "Ninety-Five Theses", + "56f7ffadaef2371900625d60": "The Ninety-Five Theses", "56f7ffadaef2371900625d61": "Hans Hillerbrand", - "56f7ffadaef2371900625d62": "poor believers", - "56f80143aef2371900625d68": "Johann Tetzel that \"As soon as the coin in the coffer rings", - "56f80143aef2371900625d69": "heaven') springs", + "56f7ffadaef2371900625d62": "86", + "56f80143aef2371900625d68": "Johann Tetzel", + "56f80143aef2371900625d69": "springs", "56f80143aef2371900625d6a": "Luther", - "56f80143aef2371900625d6b": "Johann Tetzel", - "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e17377": "God's alone to grant, those who claimed that indulgences absolved buyers from all punishments and granted them salvation were in error. Christians", + "56f80143aef2371900625d6b": "Luther objected to a saying attributed to Johann Tetzel", + "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e17377": "God's", "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e17378": "salvation were in error", "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e17379": "all punishments", - "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e1737a": "false assurances", - "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e1737b": "Christ on account of such false assurances", + "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e1737a": "forgiveness", + "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e1737b": "Christ", "56f8046faef2371900625d71": "Tetzel", - "56f8046faef2371900625d72": "no means representative of contemporary Catholic teaching on indulgences, but rather a reflection of his capacity to exaggerate", - "56f8046faef2371900625d73": "indulgences", - "56f8046faef2371900625d74": "Catholic dogma of the time", - "56f80604a6d7ea1400e17387": "comments made by Philipp Melanchthon", - "56f80604a6d7ea1400e17388": "Philipp Melanchthon", + "56f8046faef2371900625d72": "a reflection of his capacity to exaggerate", + "56f8046faef2371900625d73": "in line with Catholic dogma of the time", + "56f8046faef2371900625d74": "indulgences", + "56f80604a6d7ea1400e17387": "the story of the posting on the door", + "56f80604a6d7ea1400e17388": "the story of the posting on the door", "56f80604a6d7ea1400e17389": "Philipp Melanchthon", "56f80604a6d7ea1400e1738a": "Wittenberg", - "56f80604a6d7ea1400e1738b": "little foundation in truth", + "56f80604a6d7ea1400e1738b": "comments made by Philipp Melanchthon", "56f8074faef2371900625d79": "January 1518", "56f8074faef2371900625d7a": "printing press", - "56f8074faef2371900625d7b": "Latin into German", - "56f8074faef2371900625d7c": "two weeks", + "56f8074faef2371900625d7b": "friends", + "56f8074faef2371900625d7c": "two weeks, copies of the theses had spread throughout Germany; within two months", "56f8074faef2371900625d7d": "two months", "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17391": "1519", - "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17392": "Students thronged to Wittenberg to hear Luther", - "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17393": "Galatians and his Work on the Psalms", + "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17392": "Students", + "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17393": "creative", "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17394": "1520", - "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17395": "1520: To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation, On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church", + "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17395": "the Freedom of a Christian", "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739b": "lectured on the Psalms", - "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739c": "penance and righteousness", - "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739d": "penance and righteousness by the Catholic Church in new ways. He became convinced that the church was corrupt", - "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739e": "corrupt in its ways and had lost sight of what he saw as several of the central truths of Christianity", - "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739f": "justification \u2013 God's act of declaring a sinner righteous \u2013 by faith alone through God's grace. He began to teach that salvation or redemption", - "56f80ccfaef2371900625d83": "Erasmus", + "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739c": "penance and righteousness by the Catholic Church", + "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739d": "the church was corrupt", + "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739e": "the church was corrupt in its ways and had lost sight of what he saw as several of the central truths of Christianity", + "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739f": "\"is the chief article of the whole Christian doctrine, which comprehends the understanding of all godliness.\"", + "56f80ccfaef2371900625d83": "God", "56f80ccfaef2371900625d84": "1525", - "56f80ccfaef2371900625d85": "a gift from God; the experience of being justified by faith was \"as though I had been born again.\" His entry into Paradise", - "56f80ccfaef2371900625d86": "no less", + "56f80ccfaef2371900625d85": "a gift from God", + "56f80ccfaef2371900625d86": "in the Smalcald Articles", "56f80ccfaef2371900625d87": "faith", - "56f80e1daef2371900625d8d": "Luther's rediscovery of \"Christ and His salvation", - "56f80e1daef2371900625d8e": "Luther's rediscovery of \"Christ and His salvation", - "56f80e1daef2371900625d8f": "rediscovery of \"Christ and His salvation\" was the first of two points that became the foundation for the Reformation", - "56f80e1daef2371900625d90": "two", + "56f80e1daef2371900625d8d": "Luther's rediscovery of \"Christ and His salvation\"", + "56f80e1daef2371900625d8e": "\"Christ and His salvation\"", + "56f80e1daef2371900625d8f": "the sale of indulgences", + "56f80e1daef2371900625d90": "two points", "56f80fdfaef2371900625d95": "Archbishop Albrecht of Mainz and Magdeburg", "56f80fdfaef2371900625d96": "Rome", - "56f80fdfaef2371900625d97": "papal dispensation", - "56f80fdfaef2371900625d98": "more than one bishopric. As Luther later noted, \"the pope had a finger in the pie as well, because one half", + "56f80fdfaef2371900625d97": "his tenure of more than one bishopric", + "56f80fdfaef2371900625d98": "revenue", "56f80fdfaef2371900625d99": "December 1517", - "56f811bdaef2371900625d9f": "Sylvester Mazzolini", - "56f811bdaef2371900625da0": "Sylvester Mazzolini drafted a heresy", + "56f811bdaef2371900625d9f": "Pope Leo X", + "56f811bdaef2371900625da0": "papal theologians and envoys", "56f811bdaef2371900625da1": "October 1518", - "56f811bdaef2371900625da2": "Sylvester Mazzolini drafted a heresy case against Luther, whom Leo then summoned to Rome. The Elector Frederick persuaded the pope to have Luther examined at Augsburg", - "56f811bdaef2371900625da3": "theologians", - "56f81393aef2371900625da9": "June and July 1519", + "56f811bdaef2371900625da2": "Antichrist. The prophecies", + "56f811bdaef2371900625da3": "unbeknownst to Cajetan", + "56f81393aef2371900625da9": "January 1519", "56f81393aef2371900625daa": "remain silent", "56f81393aef2371900625dab": "Johann Eck", - "56f81393aef2371900625dac": "popes the exclusive right to interpret scripture", - "56f81393aef2371900625dad": "theologian Johann Eck, however, was determined to expose Luther's doctrine in a public forum", + "56f81393aef2371900625dac": "Matthew 16:18", + "56f81393aef2371900625dad": "Jan Hus", "56f81537aef2371900625db3": "15 June 1520", - "56f81537aef2371900625db4": "excommunication", + "56f81537aef2371900625db4": "recanted 41 sentences drawn from his writings", "56f81537aef2371900625db5": "60 days", "56f81537aef2371900625db6": "Karl von Miltitz", "56f81537aef2371900625db7": "3 January 1521", "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f1": "secular authorities", "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f2": "18 April 1521", "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f3": "estates of the Holy Roman Empire", - "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f4": "Charles V presiding. Prince Frederick III", - "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f5": "Prince Frederick III, Elector of Saxony", + "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f4": "Emperor Charles V", + "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f5": "Prince Frederick III", "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fb": "Johann Eck", - "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fc": "Archbishop of Trier", + "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fc": "the Archbishop of Trier", "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fd": "whether he stood by their contents", "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fe": "the next day", - "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173ff": "confirmed he was their author, but requested time to think about the answer to the second question. He prayed, consulted friends", - "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17415": "raised his arm \"", - "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17416": "a knight winning a bout.\" Michael Mullett considers this speech as a \"world classic of epoch-making oratory", + "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173ff": "confirmed", + "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17415": "raised his arm", + "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17416": "a knight", "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17417": "Michael Mullett", - "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17418": "a \"world classic of epoch-making oratory", + "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17418": "\"world classic of epoch-making oratory.\"", "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e17427": "recant his writings", "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e17428": "Luther", - "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e17429": "evidence for these words to be unreliable", - "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e1742a": "dramatic form of words", - "56f827caa6d7ea1400e17439": "banning his literature, and requiring his arrest: \"We want him to be apprehended and punished as a notorious heretic", + "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e17429": "unreliable", + "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e1742a": "more dramatic form", + "56f827caa6d7ea1400e17439": "private conferences were held", "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743a": "25 May 1521", "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743b": "The Emperor", - "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743c": "Luther an outlaw, banning his literature", - "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743d": "kill Luther", - "56f82989aef2371900625e6b": "intercepted on his way home in the forest near Wittenberg by masked horsemen who were made to appear as armed highwaymen", - "56f82989aef2371900625e6c": "Eisenach. During his stay at Wartburg", + "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743c": "\"We want him to be apprehended and punished as a notorious heretic.\"", + "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743d": "kill", + "56f82989aef2371900625e6b": "disappearance", + "56f82989aef2371900625e6c": "Wittenberg", "56f82989aef2371900625e6d": "my Patmos", - "56f82989aef2371900625e6e": "Patmos", - "56f82989aef2371900625e6f": "a renewed attack on Archbishop Albrecht of Mainz", - "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e17457": "a sin. All humans are sinners by nature, he explained, and God's grace", - "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e17458": "cannot be earned) alone can make them just", + "56f82989aef2371900625e6e": "the New Testament", + "56f82989aef2371900625e6f": "attack on Archbishop Albrecht of Mainz, whom he shamed", + "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e17457": "a sin", + "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e17458": "alone can make them just", "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e17459": "1 August 1521", - "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e1745a": "your trust in Christ be stronger", - "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e1745b": "\"Be a sinner, and let your sins be strong", - "56f84485aef2371900625f71": "summer of 1521", - "56f84485aef2371900625f72": "idolatry the idea that the mass is a sacrifice, asserting instead that it is a gift", - "56f84485aef2371900625f73": "a gift", + "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e1745a": "let your trust in Christ be stronger", + "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e1745b": "Melanchthon", + "56f84485aef2371900625f71": "1521", + "56f84485aef2371900625f72": "a gift", + "56f84485aef2371900625f73": "idolatry", "56f84485aef2371900625f74": "private confession and absolution", - "56f84485aef2371900625f75": "sin", + "56f84485aef2371900625f75": "that they could break their vows without sin", "56f845dba6d7ea1400e17519": "prophetic faith", "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751a": "1521", "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751b": "the prophecy of the Little Horn", "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751c": "the Little Horn", - "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751d": "the power of the Papacy", + "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751d": "The antichrist of 2 Thessalonians 2", "56f84760aef2371900625f81": "Gabriel Zwilling", - "56f84760aef2371900625f82": "June 1521", - "56f84760aef2371900625f83": "a revolt", - "56f84760aef2371900625f84": "Augustinian friars", - "56f84760aef2371900625f85": "Andreas Karlstadt", + "56f84760aef2371900625f82": "early December 1521", + "56f84760aef2371900625f83": "revolt by the Augustinian friars against their prior, the smashing of statues and images in churches, and denunciations of the magistracy", + "56f84760aef2371900625f84": "the Augustinian friars", + "56f84760aef2371900625f85": "town council", "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e1752f": "6 March 1522", - "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17530": "change", + "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17530": "trust God's word", "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17531": "preached eight sermons", "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17532": "Invocavit", - "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17533": "trust God's word rather than violence", - "56f84a60aef2371900625f9d": "divine mercy", + "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17533": "trust God's word", + "56f84a60aef2371900625f9d": "immediate", "56f84a60aef2371900625f9e": "Jerome Schurf", - "56f84a60aef2371900625f9f": "\"Oh, what joy", - "56f84a60aef2371900625fa0": "divine mercy", - "56f84a60aef2371900625fa1": "divine mercy", - "56f84b68aef2371900625fa7": "public order", - "56f84b68aef2371900625fa8": "threatened the new order by fomenting social unrest and violence", + "56f84a60aef2371900625f9f": "sixth", + "56f84a60aef2371900625fa0": "spread among us! His words, through divine mercy, are bringing back every day misguided people", + "56f84a60aef2371900625fa1": "every day misguided people", + "56f84b68aef2371900625fa7": "new church practices. By working alongside the authorities to restore public order", + "56f84b68aef2371900625fa8": "his reinvention", "56f84b68aef2371900625fa9": "the Zwickau prophets", "56f84b68aef2371900625faa": "social unrest and violence", - "56f84b68aef2371900625fab": "the radical reformers", - "56f84d33aef2371900625fb1": "Zwickau prophet Nicholas Storch and Thomas M\u00fcntzer", - "56f84d33aef2371900625fb2": "the German Peasants' War", + "56f84b68aef2371900625fab": "reformers", + "56f84d33aef2371900625fb1": "Preachers", + "56f84d33aef2371900625fb2": "the German Peasants' War of 1524\u201325", "56f84d33aef2371900625fb3": "1524\u201325", - "56f84d33aef2371900625fb4": "attack on the upper classes", - "56f84d33aef2371900625fb5": "upper classes", + "56f84d33aef2371900625fb4": "support an attack on the upper classes in general", + "56f84d33aef2371900625fb5": "upper classes in general", "56f84e63aef2371900625fc1": "the temporal authorities", - "56f84e63aef2371900625fc2": "Thuringia", - "56f84e63aef2371900625fc3": "mad dogs", - "56f84e63aef2371900625fc4": "teaching on wealth, condemned the violence as the devil's work", - "56f84e63aef2371900625fc5": "aggrieved to obey the temporal authorities", + "56f84e63aef2371900625fc2": "Thuringia, he became enraged at the widespread burning of convents, monasteries, bishops' palaces, and libraries", + "56f84e63aef2371900625fc3": "grievances", + "56f84e63aef2371900625fc4": "burning of convents, monasteries, bishops' palaces, and libraries", + "56f84e63aef2371900625fc5": "mad dogs", "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754b": "three", "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754c": "Render unto Caesar the things", "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754d": "God", - "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754e": "Divine Right of Kings", - "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754f": "\"death in body and soul", + "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754e": "the Divine Right of Kings", + "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754f": "in body and soul", "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e1755d": "weapons", - "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e1755e": "M\u00fcntzer", + "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e1755e": "the Swabian League", "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e1755f": "15 May 1525", "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e17560": "M\u00fcntzer's execution", - "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e17561": "secular powers", + "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e17561": "the secular powers", "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756d": "Katharina von Bora", - "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756e": "Nimbschen Cistercian convent in April 1523, when he arranged for them to be smuggled out in herring barrels", - "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756f": "26 years old and Luther was 41 years old", - "56f852fba6d7ea1400e17570": "41 years old", + "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756e": "herring barrels", + "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756f": "26 years old", + "56f852fba6d7ea1400e17570": "41", "56f852fba6d7ea1400e17571": "April 1523", "56f8541da6d7ea1400e17577": "13 June 1525", "56f8541da6d7ea1400e17578": "the evening of the same day", - "56f8541da6d7ea1400e17579": "The ceremonial walk to the church and the wedding banquet", + "56f8541da6d7ea1400e17579": "wedding banquet", "56f8541da6d7ea1400e1757a": "27 June", "56f8541da6d7ea1400e1757b": "Bugenhagen", - "56f855caaef2371900625ff3": "clerical marriage", + "56f855caaef2371900625ff3": "seal of approval on clerical marriage", "56f855caaef2371900625ff4": "clerical marriage", - "56f855caaef2371900625ff5": "Biblical grounds", + "56f855caaef2371900625ff5": "his decision to marry surprised many", "56f855caaef2371900625ff6": "celibacy", "56f855caaef2371900625ff7": "it reckless", - "56f8575aaef2371900625ffd": "1525", + "56f8575aaef2371900625ffd": "1525\u201332", "56f8575aaef2371900625ffe": "a wedding present", "56f8575aaef2371900625fff": "six", - "56f8575aaef2371900626000": "poverty", + "56f8575aaef2371900626000": "my poverty", "56f8575aaef2371900626001": "farming", - "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175af": "Biblical ideal of congregations' choosing their own ministers", - "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b0": "a supervisory church body, laid down a new form of worship service", + "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175af": "choosing their own ministers", + "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b0": "a supervisory church body", "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b1": "a supervisory church body", - "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b2": "a clear summary of the new faith in the form of two catechisms", - "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b3": "Bainton: \"Luther's dilemma was that he wanted both a confessional church based on personal faith and experience", + "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b2": "two catechisms", + "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b3": "revolutionary to the extent that it is a theology of the cross", "56f85bb8aef237190062600f": "extreme change", "56f85bb8aef2371900626010": "Saxony", "56f85bb8aef2371900626011": "adviser", "56f85bb8aef2371900626012": "John the Steadfast", - "56f85bb8aef2371900626013": "the temporal sovereign", - "56f85cf0aef2371900626019": "1526", - "56f85cf0aef237190062601a": "simple people\", a \"public stimulation for people to believe and become Christians", - "56f85cf0aef237190062601b": "German liturgy", - "56f85cf0aef237190062601c": "catechism", - "56f85cf0aef237190062601d": "freedom", + "56f85bb8aef2371900626013": "temporal sovereign\". The elector authorised a visitation of the church, a power formerly exercised by bishops. At times, Luther's practical reforms", + "56f85cf0aef2371900626019": "early 1526", + "56f85cf0aef237190062601a": "Latin Mass", + "56f85cf0aef237190062601b": "people to believe", + "56f85cf0aef237190062601c": "host and chalice", + "56f85cf0aef237190062601d": "vestments, altar, and candles", "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c3": "1527", "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c4": "Electorate of Saxony", - "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c5": "pastoral care and Christian education", + "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c5": "standard of pastoral care and Christian education", "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c6": "all of Christian doctrine", - "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c7": "nigh unskilled and incapable of teaching", - "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175cd": "Catechism", + "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c7": "well-nigh unskilled and incapable of teaching", + "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175cd": "the catechism", "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175ce": "1529", - "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175cf": "pastors and teachers", - "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175d0": "pastors and teachers", - "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175d1": "easy-to-understand instructional and devotional material on the Ten Commandments", + "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175cf": "the people themselves", + "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175d0": "the people themselves", + "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175d1": "the Apostles' Creed, the Lord's Prayer, baptism, and the Lord's Supper", "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175d7": "The catechism", - "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175d8": "a Saturnian hunger", - "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175d9": "Catechism", - "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175da": "the Bondage of the Will and the Catechism", + "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175d8": "the Bondage of the Will and the Catechism", + "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175d9": "the Catechism", + "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175da": "the Bible", "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175db": "the Bible", - "56f86966aef2371900626053": "pastors", - "56f86966aef2371900626054": "Catechism", - "56f86966aef2371900626055": "Trinitarian language", - "56f86966aef2371900626056": "to enable the catechumens to see themselves as a personal object of the work of the three persons of the Trinity, each of which works", - "56f86966aef2371900626057": "Decalogue (the Ten Commandments) and the Lord's Prayer, which are also part of the Lutheran catechical teaching", - "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f5": "1534", + "56f86966aef2371900626053": "Small Catechism", + "56f86966aef2371900626054": "Larger Catechism", + "56f86966aef2371900626055": "simpler, more personal, Trinitarian language", + "56f86966aef2371900626056": "depicted the Trinity not as a doctrine to be learned, but as persons to be known", + "56f86966aef2371900626057": "the Father and draws the believer to the Father", + "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f5": "1522", "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f6": "1534", - "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f7": "the translation", - "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f8": "\"alone\" after \"faith\"", - "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f9": "his own doctrine", + "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f7": "German translation of the New Testament in 1522, and he and his collaborators completed the translation of the Old Testament in 1534, when the whole Bible", + "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f8": "alone\" after \"faith", + "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f9": "Faith", "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17605": "Saxon chancellery", - "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17606": "Luther's translation used the variant of German spoken at the Saxon chancellery, intelligible to both northern and southern Germans", - "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17607": "southern Germans", - "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17608": "everyday Germans", - "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17609": "impediments and difficulties", + "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17606": "Saxon chancellery, intelligible to both northern and southern Germans", + "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17607": "Saxon chancellery, intelligible to both northern and southern Germans. He intended his vigorous, direct language to make the Bible accessible to everyday Germans", + "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17608": "for we are removing impediments", + "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17609": "Bible", "56f86e91aef2371900626067": "rising demand for German-language publications", "56f86e91aef2371900626068": "Bible translation", "56f86e91aef2371900626069": "evolution of the German language and literature", "56f86e91aef237190062606a": "Lucas Cranach", "56f86e91aef237190062606b": "William Tyndale", - "56f87000aef2371900626071": "hymns", + "56f87000aef2371900626071": "hymn-writer", "56f87000aef2371900626072": "high art and folk music", "56f87000aef2371900626073": "German hymns", - "56f87000aef2371900626074": "singing of German hymns in connection with worship, school, home, and the public arena. He often accompanied the sung hymns", + "56f87000aef2371900626074": "lute", "56f87000aef2371900626075": "the waldzither", - "56f8720eaef237190062608f": "unfolding Reformation", - "56f8720eaef2371900626090": "martyred by the Roman Catholic Church for Lutheran views", - "56f8720eaef2371900626091": "\"Ein neues Lied wir", + "56f8720eaef237190062608f": "particular events in his life and the unfolding Reformation", + "56f8720eaef2371900626090": "the first individuals to be martyred by the Roman Catholic Church for Lutheran views", + "56f8720eaef2371900626091": "Ein neues Lied wir heben an", "56f8720eaef2371900626092": "John C. Messenger", - "56f8720eaef2371900626093": "Ein neues Lied wir heben", - "56f87392aef2371900626099": "1525", - "56f87392aef237190062609a": "Trinitarian", - "56f87392aef237190062609b": "Catechism", - "56f87392aef237190062609c": "German creedal hymn, gained widespread use in vernacular Lutheran liturgies", - "56f87392aef237190062609d": "because of the perceived difficulty of its tune", + "56f8720eaef2371900626093": "Ein neues Lied wir heben an", + "56f87392aef2371900626099": "1524", + "56f87392aef237190062609a": "We All Believe in One True God", + "56f87392aef237190062609b": "in the Small Catechism", + "56f87392aef237190062609c": "German creedal hymn", + "56f87392aef237190062609d": "the perceived difficulty of its tune", "56f87531a6d7ea1400e1766f": "1538", - "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17670": "Catechism", - "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17671": "catechism questions", + "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17670": "both", + "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17671": "specific catechism", "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17672": "multiple revisions", - "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17673": "Catechism, with one stanza for each of the seven prayer petitions, plus opening and closing stanzas", + "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17673": "opening and closing stanzas", "56f87760aef23719006260cc": "1523", - "56f87760aef23719006260cd": "a hymnic", - "56f87760aef23719006260ce": "write psalm-hymns for use in German worship", + "56f87760aef23719006260cd": "essential Reformation doctrine", + "56f87760aef23719006260ce": "use in German worship", "56f87760aef23719006260cf": "the Achtliederbuch", - "56f87760aef23719006260d0": "a regular component of several regional Lutheran liturgies", - "56f879bdaef23719006260de": "Veni redemptor gentium", + "56f87760aef23719006260d0": "several regional Lutheran liturgies", + "56f879bdaef23719006260de": "Hauptlied", "56f879bdaef23719006260df": "Veni redemptor gentium", - "56f879bdaef23719006260e0": "Veni redemptor gentium", + "56f879bdaef23719006260e0": "main hymn", "56f879bdaef23719006260e1": "two", "56f879bdaef23719006260e2": "the German Te Deum", - "56f87e95aef237190062610a": "Catechism", - "56f87e95aef237190062610b": "Johann Walter tune associated with a hymnic setting of Psalm 67's prayer for grace", + "56f87e95aef237190062610a": "reflects the structure and substance of his questions", + "56f87e95aef237190062610b": "Johann Walter tune", "56f87e95aef237190062610c": "prayer for grace", "56f87e95aef237190062610d": "J. S. Bach", - "56f87e95aef237190062610e": "Wolf Heintz", + "56f87e95aef237190062610e": "Halle", "56f88025aef237190062611e": "early Lutheran hymnals", - "56f88025aef237190062611f": "four of eight", - "56f88025aef2371900626120": "four of eight", + "56f88025aef237190062611f": "four", + "56f88025aef2371900626120": "18 of 26 songs", "56f88025aef2371900626121": "24", - "56f88025aef2371900626122": "Lutheran hymnal Achtliederbuch", - "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f3": "Luther's hymns inspired composers to write music. Johann Sebastian Bach", - "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f4": "Christ lag in Todes Banden, BWV 4, as early as possibly 1707", - "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f5": "Christ lag in Todes Banden, BWV 4, as early as possibly 1707", - "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f6": "1707", + "56f88025aef2371900626122": "Enchiridion", + "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f3": "Johann Sebastian Bach", + "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f4": "music. Johann Sebastian Bach included several verses as chorales in his cantatas and based chorale cantatas", + "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f5": "1707", + "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f6": "1735", "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f7": "1724 to 1725", - "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e176fd": "Christian's soul sleeps after it is separated from the body in death; and, accordingly, he disputed traditional interpretations of some Bible passages", + "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e176fd": "sleeps after it is separated from the body", "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e176fe": "Bible passages, such as the parable of the rich man and Lazarus", - "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e176ff": "leave their bodies to be threatened by the torments and punishments of hell", - "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e17700": "parable of the rich man and Lazarus", - "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e17701": "heaven", - "56f884cba6d7ea1400e17707": "Johann Gerhard. Lessing", + "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e176ff": "separated from the body", + "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e17700": "rejected the existence of Purgatory, which involved Christian souls undergoing penitential suffering after death.", + "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e17701": "in their graves and in heaven", + "56f884cba6d7ea1400e17707": "Franz Pieper", "56f884cba6d7ea1400e17708": "Johann Gerhard", - "56f884cba6d7ea1400e17709": "Johann Gerhard. Lessing", + "56f884cba6d7ea1400e17709": "Franz Pieper", "56f884cba6d7ea1400e1770a": "1755", - "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17723": "anima non sic dormit", + "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17723": "sed vigilat", "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17724": "Francis Blackburne", - "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17725": "1765", - "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17726": "Francis Blackburne", - "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17727": "homo enim in hac vita) tired from his daily labour", + "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17725": "1867", + "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17726": "Gottfried Fritschel", + "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17727": "daily labour", "56f88c37aef2371900626176": "October 1529", "56f88c37aef2371900626177": "Landgrave of Hesse", "56f88c37aef2371900626178": "doctrinal unity", - "56f88c37aef2371900626179": "fourteen points out of fifteen", - "56f88c37aef237190062617a": "fourteen points out of fifteen", - "56f88eafaef2371900626194": "Zwingli, Melanchthon, Martin Bucer, and Johannes Oecolampadius", - "56f88eafaef2371900626195": "Real Presence of the body and blood of Christ in the consecrated bread and wine, which he called the sacramental union", + "56f88c37aef2371900626179": "fourteen", + "56f88c37aef237190062617a": "the nature of the Eucharist \u2013 the sacrament of the Lord's Supper", + "56f88eafaef2371900626194": "significance of the words spoken by Jesus", + "56f88eafaef2371900626195": "Real Presence of the body and blood of Christ", "56f88eafaef2371900626196": "the sacramental union", - "56f88eafaef2371900626197": "sacramental union", - "56f88eafaef2371900626198": "breaks your neck\". \"Don't be too proud", + "56f88eafaef2371900626197": "God to be only spiritually or symbolically present", + "56f88eafaef2371900626198": "firm", "56f8907faef23719006261b2": "1530", "56f8907faef23719006261b3": "the Marburg Colloquy", - "56f8907faef23719006261b4": "John of Saxony", + "56f8907faef23719006261b4": "the Schmalkaldic League", "56f8907faef23719006261b5": "The Swiss cities", "56f8907faef23719006261b6": "Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach", - "56f895339e9bad19000a0177": "faith and reason were antithetical in the sense that questions of faith could not be illuminated by reason", + "56f895339e9bad19000a0177": "antithetical", "56f895339e9bad19000a0178": "reason", - "56f895339e9bad19000a0179": "deeply valued both faith and reason", - "56f895339e9bad19000a017a": "deeply valued both faith and reason", - "56f895339e9bad19000a017b": "different epistemological spheres", - "56f897059b226e1400dd0c5d": "large-scale Jewish conversion to Christianity", - "56f897059b226e1400dd0c5e": "lose hope in large-scale Jewish conversion to Christianity", + "56f895339e9bad19000a0179": "deeply valued", + "56f895339e9bad19000a017a": "reason", + "56f895339e9bad19000a017b": "their different epistemological spheres", + "56f897059b226e1400dd0c5d": "conversion", + "56f897059b226e1400dd0c5e": "Jesus Christ was born a Jew which discouraged mistreatment of the Jews", "56f897059b226e1400dd0c5f": "the Jews", - "56f897059b226e1400dd0c60": "Jesus Christ", - "56f897059b226e1400dd0c61": "1523", - "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a5": "a scourge sent to punish Christians by God", - "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a6": "defeatism", - "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a7": "defeatism. He saw the Turks as a scourge sent to punish Christians by God, as agents of the Biblical apocalypse", - "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a8": "the Turks as a scourge sent to punish Christians by God", - "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a9": "non-religious war against the Turks", + "56f897059b226e1400dd0c60": "Anabaptists", + "56f897059b226e1400dd0c61": "1543", + "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a5": "as a scourge sent to punish Christians by God", + "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a6": "fight a secular war", + "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a7": "to punish Christians", + "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a8": "papacy, and the Roman Church", + "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a9": "non-religious war", "56f89a959b226e1400dd0c9d": "the Qur'an", - "56f89a959b226e1400dd0c9e": "Latin translation of the Qur'an", - "56f89a959b226e1400dd0c9f": "the Turk\". Though Luther saw the Muslim faith as a tool of the devil", - "56f89a959b226e1400dd0ca0": "Mohammedanism\" or \"the Turk\"", - "56f89a959b226e1400dd0ca1": "scrutiny", - "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022b": "moral law", + "56f89a959b226e1400dd0c9e": "critical", + "56f89a959b226e1400dd0c9f": "Islam", + "56f89a959b226e1400dd0ca0": "he was indifferent", + "56f89a959b226e1400dd0ca1": "exposed to scrutiny", + "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022b": "God's wrath", "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022c": "Agricola", - "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022d": "God's wrath to Christians", - "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022e": "antinomian theses circulating in Wittenberg", - "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022f": "the Ten Commandments", - "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0251": "\"second use of the law", - "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0252": "sorrow over sin in man's heart", - "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0253": "\"second use of the law", - "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0254": "removing the three letters l-a-w from the church \u2013 does not eliminate the accusing law", - "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0255": "Christians anymore would be tantamount to asserting that Christians are no longer sinners in themselves and that the church consists only of essentially holy people", + "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022d": "anonymous antinomian", + "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022e": "responded to these assertions in other writings", + "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022f": "open letter to C. G\u00fcttel", + "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0251": "does not eliminate the accusing law", + "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0252": "tool to work sorrow over sin in man's heart", + "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0253": "everything that is used to work sorrow over sin is called the law", + "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0254": "eliminate the accusing law", + "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0255": "holy people", "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025b": "positively teach how the Christian ought to live", - "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025c": "eternal will", - "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025d": "positively teach how the Christian ought to live. This has traditionally been called the \"third use of the law", + "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025c": "the natural law", + "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025d": "positively", "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025e": "nothing more than an illustration of the Ten Commandments", - "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025f": "her vocations", + "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025f": "her vocations on a daily basis", "56f8aa749b226e1400dd0da7": "the sacrament of baptism", "56f8aa749b226e1400dd0da8": "angel-like life in heaven", - "56f8aa749b226e1400dd0da9": "sacrament of baptism", - "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02b9": "marry secretly", + "56f8aa749b226e1400dd0da9": "clear eschatological overtones", + "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02b9": "keep the marriage secret", "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02ba": "bigamy of Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse", "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02bb": "one of his wife's ladies-in-waiting", "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02bc": "Martin Brecht", - "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02bd": "marry secretly", - "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02eb": "murder of Christ, and he lived within a local community that had expelled Jews some ninety years earlier", + "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02bd": "lasting damage", + "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02eb": "expelled Jews", "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ec": "Jews", "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ed": "murder of Christ", - "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ee": "murder of Christ", + "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ee": "divinity of Jesus", "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ef": "convert them to Christianity", - "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e05": "treatise Von den Juden und Ihren L\u00fcgen", + "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e05": "Von den Juden und Ihren L\u00fcgen", "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e06": "1543", "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e07": "three years", - "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e08": "envenomed worms", - "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e09": "a sanction for murder. \"God's anger with them is so intense", - "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3b": "Martin Luther\u2014may his body and soul be bound up in hell!\u2014who wrote and issued many heretical books", + "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e08": "setting synagogues on fire, destroying Jewish prayerbooks", + "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e09": "\"the devil's people\", and referred to them with violent, vile language", + "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3b": "against the Jews in Saxony, Brandenburg, and Silesia", "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3c": "Martin Luther", - "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3d": "Martin Luther", + "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3d": "that priest", "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3e": "Luther's anti-Jewish works", "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3f": "1580s", "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e75": "Luther", - "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e76": "development of antisemitism in Germany, and in the 1930s and 1940s provided an \"ideal underpinning\" for the Nazis' attacks on Jews", - "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e77": "triumphantly", - "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e78": "Luther was the most widely read author of his generation", - "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e79": "editor", + "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e76": "anti-Jewish rhetoric", + "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e77": "writings and sermons", + "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e78": "Michael, just about every anti-Jewish book printed in the Third Reich contained references to and quotations", + "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e79": "anti-Semitic tract", "56f8b7189e9bad19000a0389": "17 December 1941", - "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038a": "Daniel Goldhagen, Bishop Martin Sasse", - "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038b": "Daniel Goldhagen, Bishop Martin Sasse", - "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038c": "The German people", - "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038d": "blueprint", - "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03bf": "racial antisemitism of the Nazis. Some scholars see Luther's influence as limited", - "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c0": "a world of difference between his belief in salvation and a racial ideology", + "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038a": "Luther", + "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038b": "Bishop Martin Sasse, a leading Protestant churchman, published a compendium of Luther's writings shortly after Kristallnacht", + "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038c": "seven Protestant regional church confederations", + "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038d": "the greatest antisemite of his time", + "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03bf": "opportunistic", + "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c0": "opportunistic. Biographer Martin Brecht points out that \"There is a world of difference between his belief in salvation and a racial ideology", "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c1": "modern hatred of the Jews", "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c2": "18th and 19th centuries", - "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c3": "One could wish that Luther had died before ever [On the Jews and Their Lies] was written. His position was entirely religious and in no respect racial", - "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03db": "violence lent a new element to the standard Christian suspicion of Judaism", + "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c3": "One could wish that Luther had died", + "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03db": "violence", "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03dc": "Ronald Berger", - "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03dd": "\"hysterical and demonizing mentality", - "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03de": "Ronald Berger", - "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03df": "Third Reich", - "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eed": "declining state of mind. Edwards also comments that Luther often deliberately used \"vulgarity and violence", - "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eee": "declining state of mind", - "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eef": "vulgarity", - "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0ef0": "the Jews", - "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0ef1": "Politics and Polemics 1531", - "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f35": "1980s", - "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f36": "4,745 North American Lutherans aged 15\u201365", - "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f37": "Professor Richard (Dick) Geary", + "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03dd": "\"hysterical and demonizing mentality\"", + "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03de": "Christopher J. Probst in his book Demonizing the Jews: Luther and the Protestant Church", + "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03df": "publications towards the Jews and their Jewish religion", + "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eed": "the product of a declining state of mind", + "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eee": "state of mind", + "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eef": "antisemitic", + "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0ef0": "Catholics", + "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0ef1": "Last Battles: Politics and Polemics", + "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f35": "Since the 1980s", + "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f36": "least prejudiced", + "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f37": "Strommen et al.", "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f38": "1928-1933", - "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f45": "1531 to 1546", - "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f46": "bigamy of the Philip of Hesse incident", + "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f45": "deteriorated further", + "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f46": "the antagonisms with and among his fellow reformers, and the scandal which ensued from the bigamy of the Philip of Hesse incident", "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f47": "kidney and bladder stones", - "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f48": "kidney and bladder stones", - "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f49": "kidney and bladder stones", - "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f61": "physical health", - "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f62": "rude", - "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f63": "teaching me to be rude", + "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f48": "suffering from ill health", + "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f49": "ear drum", + "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f61": "poor physical health", + "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f62": "physical", + "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f63": "harsher", "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f64": "Katharina", "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f65": "three", "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f7d": "Eisleben", "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f7e": "15 February 1546", - "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f7f": "fiery summons to drive the Jews bag and baggage from their midst", - "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f80": "calumny", - "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f81": "fiery summons to drive the Jews bag and baggage from their midst, unless they desisted from their calumny and their usury and became Christians", + "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f7f": "pray", + "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f80": "their calumny", + "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f81": "if they could kill us all", "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a0": "Mansfeld", - "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a1": "Count Albrecht of Mansfeld bringing the industry under his own control", - "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a2": "late 1545", - "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a3": "early 1546", - "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a4": "his siblings", + "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a1": "copper mining trade", + "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a2": "1545", + "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a3": "1546", + "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a4": "his siblings' families", "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c6": "17 February 1546", - "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c7": "successfully concluded on 17 February 1546. After 8 a.m., he experienced chest pains", - "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c8": "\"Into your hand I commit my spirit; you have redeemed me, O Lord, faithful God", - "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c9": "Ps. 31:5), the common prayer of the dying", - "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04ca": "17 February 1546", + "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c7": "chest pains.", + "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c8": "Reverend father", + "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c9": "the common prayer of the dying", + "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04ca": "After 8 a.m.", "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e0": "An apoplectic stroke", - "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e1": "2:45 a.m. on 18 February 1546", - "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e2": "2:45 a.m. on 18 February 1546", - "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e3": "Wittenberg", - "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e4": "Charles V", + "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e1": "2:45 a.m.", + "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e2": "18 February 1546", + "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e3": "the Castle Church in Wittenberg", + "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e4": "Johannes Bugenhagen and Philipp Melanchthon", "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1007": "A piece of paper", "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1008": "Latin", - "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1009": "\"We are beggars", - "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0514": "frail Catholic saints", - "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0515": "a stout man with a \"double chin, strong mouth, piercing deep-set eyes, fleshy face, and squat neck", - "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0516": "stout man with a \"double chin, strong mouth, piercing deep-set eyes, fleshy face, and squat neck", - "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0517": "ascetic life of the medieval religious orders", + "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1009": "We are beggars", + "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0514": "monumental size", + "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0515": "stout man with a \"double chin, strong mouth, piercing deep-set eyes, fleshy face, and squat neck.\"", + "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0516": "a stout man with a \"double chin, strong mouth, piercing deep-set eyes, fleshy face, and squat neck.\"", + "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0517": "medieval religious orders", "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0518": "1530s and 1540s", - "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103d": "31 October", - "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103e": "31 October", + "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103d": "18 February", + "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103e": "Church of England's Calendar of Saints", "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103f": "31 October", - "56f8ce779b226e1400dd1040": "31 October", - "56f8ce779b226e1400dd1041": "31 October", + "56f8ce779b226e1400dd1040": "Church of England's Calendar of Saints", + "56f8ce779b226e1400dd1041": "a commemoration in the Lutheran Calendar of Saints and in the Episcopal (United States) Calendar of Saints", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d4": "SoCal", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d5": "10", - "5705e26d75f01819005e76d6": "historical political divisions", - "5705e26d75f01819005e76d7": "Imperial, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, Santa Barbara, and Ventura", - "5705e26d75f01819005e76d8": "historical political divisions", + "5705e26d75f01819005e76d6": "economic center", + "5705e26d75f01819005e76d7": "demographics and economic", + "5705e26d75f01819005e76d8": "demographics and economic ties", "5705e33f52bb89140068964c": "greater Southern California Megaregion", "5705e33f52bb89140068964d": "11", - "5705e33f52bb89140068964e": "greater Southern California Megaregion", + "5705e33f52bb89140068964e": "Las Vegas, Nevada", "5705e33f52bb89140068964f": "Tijuana", "5705e33f52bb891400689650": "Tijuana", - "5705e3f252bb89140068966a": "Greater San Diego. Southern California's population encompasses seven metropolitan areas, or MSAs", + "5705e3f252bb89140068966a": "the Pacific coast", "5705e3f252bb89140068966b": "seven", - "5705e3f252bb89140068966c": "60 percent", - "5705e3f252bb89140068966d": "over 12 million", - "5705e3f252bb89140068966e": "over 22 million", - "5705e4fe75f01819005e7704": "Colorado Desert and the Colorado River", - "5705e4fe75f01819005e7705": "Colorado Desert and the Colorado River", - "5705e4fe75f01819005e7706": "Colorado Desert and the Colorado River", + "5705e3f252bb89140068966c": "over 12 million", + "5705e3f252bb89140068966d": "Los Angeles area", + "5705e3f252bb89140068966e": "over 17.5 million", + "5705e4fe75f01819005e7704": "Colorado Desert", + "5705e4fe75f01819005e7705": "Colorado Desert", + "5705e4fe75f01819005e7706": "Mojave Desert", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7707": "Mexico\u2013United States border", "5705e63175f01819005e7720": "southern California", - "5705e63175f01819005e7721": "1,307,402", - "5705e63175f01819005e7722": "San Diego", - "5705e63175f01819005e7723": "Los Angeles", - "5705e63175f01819005e7724": "San Diego, as well as three of the country's largest metropolitan areas. With a population of 3,792,621", - "5705e99452bb891400689688": "Los Angeles", - "5705e99452bb891400689689": "United States", - "5705e99452bb89140068968a": "five most populous", - "5705e99452bb89140068968b": "15", - "5705e99452bb89140068968c": "United States", + "5705e63175f01819005e7721": "3,792,621", + "5705e63175f01819005e7722": "Los Angeles", + "5705e63175f01819005e7723": "San Diego", + "5705e63175f01819005e7724": "south", + "5705e99452bb891400689688": "counties of Los Angeles", + "5705e99452bb891400689689": "the United States", + "5705e99452bb89140068968a": "counties", + "5705e99452bb89140068968b": "top 15", + "5705e99452bb89140068968c": "counties of Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside", "5705eb3375f01819005e7764": "Hollywood", - "5705eb3375f01819005e7765": "Hollywood, a district within Los Angeles", + "5705eb3375f01819005e7765": "Los Angeles", "5705eb3375f01819005e7766": "Walt Disney Company", - "5705eb3375f01819005e7767": "music", - "5705eb3375f01819005e7768": "Sony Pictures, Universal, MGM, Paramount Pictures, 20th Century Fox, and Warner Brothers", + "5705eb3375f01819005e7767": "music industry", + "5705eb3375f01819005e7768": "Sony", "5705ec1675f01819005e776e": "skateboard culture", - "5705ec1675f01819005e776f": "Tony Hawk", + "5705ec1675f01819005e776f": "Shaun White", "5705ec1675f01819005e7770": "Shaun White", "5705ec1675f01819005e7771": "Oahu", - "5705ec1675f01819005e7772": "Transpac, from Los Angeles to Hawaii, is one of yachting's premier events. The San Diego Yacht Club held the America's Cup", + "5705ec1675f01819005e7772": "Transpacific Yacht Race", "5705eccb52bb8914006896b8": "Palm Springs", - "5705eccb52bb8914006896b9": "Palm Springs", - "5705eccb52bb8914006896ba": "southern", - "5705eccb52bb8914006896bb": "desert city of Palm Springs is popular for its resort feel and nearby open spaces", - "5705edcd52bb8914006896ca": "11 miles (18 km) south of San Jose", - "5705edcd52bb8914006896cb": "11 miles (18 km)", + "5705eccb52bb8914006896b9": "popular beaches", + "5705eccb52bb8914006896ba": "southern California", + "5705eccb52bb8914006896bb": "open spaces", + "5705edcd52bb8914006896ca": "San Jose", + "5705edcd52bb8914006896cb": "11", "5705edcd52bb8914006896cc": "ten", "5705edcd52bb8914006896cd": "Tehachapi Mountains", "5705edcd52bb8914006896ce": "Tehachapi Mountains", "5705eee952bb8914006896de": "Mexico", "5705eee952bb8914006896df": "Alta California", "5705eee952bb8914006896e0": "Monterey", - "5705eee952bb8914006896e1": "Compromise of 1850 enabled California to be admitted to the Union", + "5705eee952bb8914006896e1": "Compromise of 1850", "5705eee952bb8914006896e2": "free state", - "5705f09e75f01819005e77a4": "inequitable taxes", - "5705f09e75f01819005e77a5": "\"Cow Counties", + "5705f09e75f01819005e77a4": "inequitable taxes and land laws", + "5705f09e75f01819005e77a5": "Californios (dissatisfied with inequitable taxes and land laws) and pro-slavery southerners in the lightly populated \"Cow Counties\"", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a6": "three", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a7": "75%", - "5705f09e75f01819005e77a8": "Washington, D.C. with a strong advocate in Senator Milton Latham", - "5705f13d52bb8914006896f0": "Los Angeles Times", + "5705f09e75f01819005e77a8": "Milton Latham", + "5705f13d52bb8914006896f0": "the Los Angeles Times", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f1": "1900", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f2": "1999", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f3": "Imperial", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f4": "seven", "5705f36452bb891400689718": "regional tourism groups", - "5705f36452bb891400689719": "California State Automobile Association and the Automobile Club of Southern California", - "5705f36452bb89140068971a": "northern, central, and southern California regions", - "5705f36452bb89140068971b": "Tehachapis", - "5705f36452bb89140068971c": "southern California region", - "5705f7c875f01819005e77dc": "third most populated megalopolis in the United States, after the Great Lakes Megalopolis and the Northeastern megalopolis", - "5705f7c875f01819005e77dd": "urban environment, home to some of the largest urban areas in the state, along with vast areas that have been left undeveloped", - "5705f7c875f01819005e77de": "automobiles and highways", - "5705f7c875f01819005e77df": "large, spread-out, suburban communities and use of automobiles and highways", - "5705f7c875f01819005e77e0": "megalopolis. Much of southern California is famous for its large, spread-out, suburban communities and use of automobiles and highways", + "5705f36452bb891400689719": "California State Automobile Association", + "5705f36452bb89140068971a": "the three-region point of view", + "5705f36452bb89140068971b": "transverse range", + "5705f36452bb89140068971c": "the southern California region", + "5705f7c875f01819005e77dc": "third", + "5705f7c875f01819005e77dd": "some of the largest urban areas in the state, along with vast areas", + "5705f7c875f01819005e77de": "suburban communities and use of automobiles and highways", + "5705f7c875f01819005e77df": "suburban communities and use of automobiles and highways", + "5705f7c875f01819005e77e0": "international metropolitan region in the form of San Diego\u2013Tijuana", "5705fb7f52bb891400689750": "Camp Pendleton", - "5705fb7f52bb891400689751": "Temecula and Murrieta have as much connection with the San Diego metropolitan area as they do with the Inland Empire", + "5705fb7f52bb891400689751": "Inland Empire", "5705fb7f52bb891400689752": "the United States Census Bureau", - "5705fb7f52bb891400689753": "Orange Counties", + "5705fb7f52bb891400689753": "Orange", "5705fb7f52bb891400689754": "1990s", - "5705fc3a52bb89140068976a": "Mediterranean climate", - "5705fc3a52bb89140068976b": "Summers are hot and dry", + "5705fc3a52bb89140068976a": "Mediterranean", + "5705fc3a52bb89140068976b": "hot and dry", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976c": "90-60's", - "5705fc3a52bb89140068976d": "90-60's while as winters are 70-50's, usually all of Southern California have Mediterranean climate. But snow is very rare", - "5705fc3a52bb89140068976e": "90-60's", - "5705fd8475f01819005e7841": "Pacific Ocean islands, shorelines, beaches, and coastal plains", - "5705fd8475f01819005e7840": "one of the more varied collections of geologic, topographic, and natural ecosystem", - "5705fd8475f01819005e7842": "natural ecosystem", - "5705fd8475f01819005e7843": "Pacific Ocean islands, shorelines, beaches, and coastal plains, through the Transverse and Peninsular Ranges with their peaks, into the large and small interior valleys", + "5705fc3a52bb89140068976d": "very rare", + "5705fc3a52bb89140068976e": "90-60's while as winters are 70-50's", + "5705fd8475f01819005e7841": "Pacific Ocean islands", + "5705fd8475f01819005e7840": "natural ecosystem", + "5705fd8475f01819005e7842": "varied collections", + "5705fd8475f01819005e7843": "Pacific Ocean islands, shorelines, beaches, and coastal plains, through the Transverse and Peninsular", "5705fd8475f01819005e7844": "large and small interior valleys", - "5705fec152bb89140068977a": "10,000", + "5705fec152bb89140068977a": "about 10,000", "5705fec152bb89140068977b": "10,000", "5705fec152bb89140068977c": "6.7", - "5705fec152bb89140068977d": "property damage of any earthquake in U.S. history, estimated at over $20 billion", + "5705fec152bb89140068977d": "property damage", "5705fec152bb89140068977e": "over $20 billion", - "5705ffde52bb891400689784": "San Andreas Fault", - "5705ffde52bb891400689785": "6.7+ earthquake, such as the San Andreas Fault, which can produce a magnitude 8.0", - "5705ffde52bb891400689786": "Puente Hills Fault, and the Elsinore Fault Zone", - "5705ffde52bb891400689787": "USGS", + "5705ffde52bb891400689784": "the San Andreas Fault", + "5705ffde52bb891400689785": "6.7+ earthquake", + "5705ffde52bb891400689786": "the Puente Hills Fault, and the Elsinore Fault Zone", + "5705ffde52bb891400689787": "The USGS", "5705ffde52bb891400689788": "San Jacinto Fault, the Puente Hills Fault, and the Elsinore Fault Zone", - "570602fa52bb89140068979e": "politically, and economically into distinctive regions, each containing its own culture and atmosphere, anchored usually by a city with both national and sometimes global recognition", - "570602fa52bb89140068979f": "global recognition", + "570602fa52bb89140068979e": "economically into distinctive regions, each containing its own culture and atmosphere", + "570602fa52bb89140068979f": "global", "570602fa52bb8914006897a0": "economic", - "570603c475f01819005e7882": "2010 United States Census, southern California has a population of 22,680,010", + "570603c475f01819005e7882": "2010", "570603c475f01819005e7883": "high growth rates", "570603c475f01819005e7884": "10.0%", "570603c475f01819005e7885": "tech-oriented", - "570603c475f01819005e7886": "California's growth became concentrated in the northern part of the state due to a stronger, tech-oriented economy in the Bay Area", - "5706074552bb8914006897d4": "Metropolitan Statistical Areas, one international metropolitan area, and multiple metropolitan divisions", + "570603c475f01819005e7886": "Greater Sacramento", + "5706074552bb8914006897d4": "Metropolitan Statistical Areas", "5706074552bb8914006897d5": "two", "5706074552bb8914006897d6": "five million", - "5706074552bb8914006897d7": "Southern Border Region", - "5706074552bb8914006897d8": "17,786,419, and San Diego\u2013Tijuana at 5,105,768", + "5706074552bb8914006897d7": "the Southern Border Region", + "5706074552bb8914006897d8": "17,786,419", "570607f575f01819005e78b4": "Los Angeles", - "570607f575f01819005e78b5": "over 100,000", + "570607f575f01819005e78b5": "100,000", "570607f575f01819005e78b6": "34", "570607f575f01819005e78b7": "100,000", "570607f575f01819005e78b8": "San Bernardino and Riverside", "5706094b52bb8914006897de": "petroleum", "5706094b52bb8914006897df": "Hollywood", - "5706094b52bb8914006897e0": "housing bubble 2001\u20132007, and has been heavily impacted by the housing crash", + "5706094b52bb8914006897e0": "the housing bubble", "5706094b52bb8914006897e1": "diverse", - "5706094b52bb8914006897e2": "heavily impacted by the housing crash", + "5706094b52bb8914006897e2": "heavily impacted", "57060a1175f01819005e78d2": "1920s", - "57060a1175f01819005e78d3": "cattle and citrus were major industries until farmlands were turned into suburbs. Although military spending cutbacks", + "57060a1175f01819005e78d3": "suburbs", "57060a1175f01819005e78d5": "cattle and citrus", "57060a1175f01819005e78d4": "cattle and citrus", "57060a1175f01819005e78d6": "aerospace", - "57060a6e52bb8914006897f8": "Central business districts", + "57060a6e52bb8914006897f8": "business districts", "57060a6e52bb8914006897f9": "Central business districts", "57060a6e52bb8914006897fa": "Central business districts", - "57060cc352bb89140068980e": "Santa Monica, Downtown Glendale and Downtown Long Beach. Los Angeles itself has many business districts including the Downtown Los Angeles central business district", - "57060cc352bb89140068980f": "Downtown Burbank, Downtown Santa Monica, Downtown Glendale and Downtown Long Beach", + "57060cc352bb89140068980e": "business", + "57060cc352bb89140068980f": "Los Angeles", "57060cc352bb891400689810": "San Fernando Valley", - "57060cc352bb891400689811": "Downtown Los Angeles central business district", - "57060df252bb891400689820": "business districts of Downtown San Bernardino, Hospitality Business/Financial Centre", - "57060df252bb891400689821": "Downtown San Bernardino, Hospitality Business/Financial Centre", - "57060df252bb891400689822": "San Bernardino and Downtown Riverside", - "57060eaf75f01819005e7910": "Irvine Spectrum, West Irvine", + "57060cc352bb891400689811": "Los Angeles", + "57060df252bb891400689820": "business", + "57060df252bb891400689821": "University Town", + "57060df252bb891400689822": "Hospitality Business/Financial Centre", + "57060eaf75f01819005e7910": "Orange County", "57060eaf75f01819005e7911": "University of California, Irvine", - "57060eaf75f01819005e7912": "Irvine Spectrum", - "57060eaf75f01819005e7913": "South Coast Metro and Newport Center districts", - "57060eaf75f01819005e7914": "Irvine business centers of The Irvine Spectrum", + "57060eaf75f01819005e7912": "Irvine Tech Center", + "57060eaf75f01819005e7913": "South Coast", + "57060eaf75f01819005e7914": "rapidly", "57060f3e75f01819005e7922": "Downtown San Diego", - "57060f3e75f01819005e7923": "Downtown San Diego is the central business district of San Diego", - "57060f3e75f01819005e7924": "North County regions", + "57060f3e75f01819005e7923": "Northern San Diego", + "57060f3e75f01819005e7924": "North County", "57060f3e75f01819005e7925": "San Diego", "570610b275f01819005e792a": "Los Angeles International Airport", - "570610b275f01819005e792b": "Van Nuys Airport", + "570610b275f01819005e792b": "international passenger volume", "570610b275f01819005e792c": "third", "570610b275f01819005e792d": "San Diego International Airport", "570610b275f01819005e792e": "Van Nuys Airport", "5706111a52bb89140068984c": "Metrolink", - "5706111a52bb89140068984d": "seven", - "5706111a52bb89140068984e": "Six of the seven", + "5706111a52bb89140068984d": "Six", + "5706111a52bb89140068984e": "Six", "5706111a52bb89140068984f": "Orange", - "570611c475f01819005e793c": "Long Beach", - "570611c475f01819005e793d": "Long Beach", - "570611c475f01819005e793e": "Los Angeles", + "570611c475f01819005e793c": "Port of Los Angeles", + "570611c475f01819005e793d": "Port of Long Beach", + "570611c475f01819005e793e": "Southern California", "5706139252bb891400689864": "The Tech Coast", - "5706139252bb891400689865": "industrial base as well as its multitude of prestigious and world-renowned research universities and other public and private institutions", - "5706139252bb891400689866": "Southern California", + "5706139252bb891400689865": "diversified technology and industrial base", + "5706139252bb891400689866": "private", "5706139252bb891400689867": "5", - "5706139252bb891400689868": "5", - "5706143575f01819005e7950": "MLB (Los Angeles Dodgers, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, San Diego Padres); NHL (Los Angeles Kings, Anaheim Ducks", - "5706143575f01819005e7951": "MLB (Los Angeles Dodgers, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, San Diego Padres); NHL (Los Angeles Kings, Anaheim Ducks", + "5706139252bb891400689868": "12", + "5706143575f01819005e7950": "San Diego Chargers", + "5706143575f01819005e7951": "NBA", "5706143575f01819005e7952": "MLB", "5706143575f01819005e7953": "Los Angeles Kings", "5706143575f01819005e7954": "LA Galaxy", @@ -2794,20 +2794,20 @@ "5706149552bb891400689881": "two", "5706149552bb891400689882": "2014", "5706149552bb891400689883": "StubHub Center", - "5706149552bb891400689884": "2014 MLS season, with a second MLS team scheduled to return in 2018", + "5706149552bb891400689884": "2018", "570614ff52bb89140068988a": "College sports", - "570614ff52bb89140068988b": "USC Trojans both field teams in NCAA Division I", - "570614ff52bb89140068988c": "UCLA Bruins", + "570614ff52bb89140068988b": "USC Trojan", + "570614ff52bb89140068988c": "USC Trojan", "570614ff52bb89140068988d": "Pac-12 Conference", - "570614ff52bb89140068988e": "Pac-12 Conference", + "570614ff52bb89140068988e": "USC Trojans both field teams in NCAA Division I", "5706155352bb891400689894": "Rugby", "5706155352bb891400689895": "high school level", - "5706155352bb891400689896": "southern California, particularly at the high school level, with increasing numbers of schools adding rugby as an official school sport", + "5706155352bb891400689896": "an official school sport.", "57092322efce8f15003a7db0": "BSkyB", "57092322efce8f15003a7db1": "BSkyB", - "57092322efce8f15003a7db2": "2014 acquisition of Sky Italia and a majority 90.04% interest in Sky Deutschland in November 2014", - "57092322efce8f15003a7db3": "British Sky Broadcasting Group plc changed its name to Sky plc", - "57092322efce8f15003a7db4": "Sky plc", + "57092322efce8f15003a7db2": "2014", + "57092322efce8f15003a7db3": "British Sky Broadcasting Group plc", + "57092322efce8f15003a7db4": "British Sky Broadcasting Limited", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc4": "2006", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc5": "two", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc6": "Sky", @@ -2815,199 +2815,199 @@ "57094b4f9928a814004714f6": "ONdigital consortium", "57094b4f9928a814004714f7": "ONdigital consortium", "57094b4f9928a814004714f8": "three", - "57094b4f9928a814004714f9": "Sky News, Sky Three, and Sky Sports News", - "57094b4f9928a814004714fa": "Pick TV", - "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd6": "Sky+ PVR", + "57094b4f9928a814004714f9": "Sky Three", + "57094b4f9928a814004714fa": "'Pick TV", + "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd6": "using a Sky+ PVR", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd7": "September 2007", - "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd8": "no extra charge", + "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd8": "can still pay a monthly fee", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd9": "January 2010", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dda": "BSkyB", - "57094d489928a8140047150a": "NDS", + "57094d489928a8140047150a": "VideoGuard pay", "57094d489928a8140047150b": "NDS", "57094d489928a8140047150c": "Cisco Systems", "57094d489928a8140047150d": "BSkyB", - "57094d489928a8140047150e": "PVR", + "57094d489928a8140047150e": "Personal video recorder (PVR) offering (branded Sky+", "570953a7efce8f15003a7dff": "NTL and Telewest resulted in Virgin Media", "570953a7efce8f15003a7dfe": "2007", - "570953a7efce8f15003a7e00": "\"substantially more value\"", - "570953a7efce8f15003a7e01": "\"substantially more value\" by including HD channels and Video On Demand content", - "570953a7efce8f15003a7e02": "substantially more value\" by including HD channels", + "570953a7efce8f15003a7e00": "\"substantially more value\" by including HD channels and Video On Demand content", + "570953a7efce8f15003a7e01": "HD channels and Video On Demand content", + "570953a7efce8f15003a7e02": "HD channels and Video On Demand content", "570960cf200fba1400367f01": "July 2013", - "570960cf200fba1400367f02": "31 July 2013", - "570960cf200fba1400367f03": "their settlement", - "570960cf200fba1400367f04": "their settlement", - "570960cf200fba1400367f05": "cloud storage", + "570960cf200fba1400367f02": "2013", + "570960cf200fba1400367f03": "its SkyDrive cloud storage service", + "570960cf200fba1400367f04": "\"OneDrive for Business\"", + "570960cf200fba1400367f05": "cloud storage service", "570961aa200fba1400367f15": "Sam Chisholm and Rupert Murdoch", - "570961aa200fba1400367f16": "Sam Chisholm and Rupert Murdoch", + "570961aa200fba1400367f16": "Astra's", "570961aa200fba1400367f17": "27 September 2001", - "570961aa200fba1400367f18": "Sky Digital platform", - "570961aa200fba1400367f19": "400,000 new subscribers, with the majority taking at least one premium channel as well, which helped BSkyB reach 3.5 million", - "570963a5200fba1400367f33": "British Sky Broadcasting or BSkyB", - "570963a5200fba1400367f34": "BSkyB", + "570961aa200fba1400367f18": "the launch and expansion of the Sky Digital platform", + "570961aa200fba1400367f19": "3.5 million", + "570963a5200fba1400367f33": "British Sky Broadcasting", + "570963a5200fba1400367f34": "British telecommunications", "570963a5200fba1400367f35": "11 million", "570963a5200fba1400367f36": "Freeview", - "57096505ed30961900e84082": "a broadband router (Sky Q Hub", - "57096505ed30961900e84083": "the Sky Q Silver set top boxes", - "57096505ed30961900e84084": "a Wi-Fi or Power-line connection rather than receive their own satellite feeds", - "57096505ed30961900e84085": "2016", - "57096505ed30961900e84086": "2016", - "570966e0200fba1400367f4f": "DVB-compliant MPEG-2", + "57096505ed30961900e84082": "Sky Q Hub", + "57096505ed30961900e84083": "the Sky Q Silver set top boxes with a Wi-Fi or Power-line connection", + "57096505ed30961900e84084": "a new user interface, Wi-Fi hotspot functionality, Power-line and Bluetooth connectivity and a new touch-sensitive remote control", + "57096505ed30961900e84085": "in 2016", + "57096505ed30961900e84086": "in 2016", + "570966e0200fba1400367f4f": "MPEG-2", "570966e0200fba1400367f50": "Dolby Digital soundtracks", "570966e0200fba1400367f51": "MPEG-4", - "570966e0200fba1400367f52": "OpenTV system, with set-top boxes including modems", - "570966e0200fba1400367f53": "MPEG-4", + "570966e0200fba1400367f52": "OpenTV system", + "570966e0200fba1400367f53": "DVB-S2", "570967c4ed30961900e840ba": "1998", "570967c4ed30961900e840bb": "Astra 2A satellite", - "570967c4ed30961900e840bc": "Eurobird 1", + "570967c4ed30961900e840bc": "Eutelsat's Eurobird 1", "570967c4ed30961900e840bd": "hundreds", - "570967c4ed30961900e840be": "28.5\u00b0E orbital position", + "570967c4ed30961900e840be": "28.5\u00b0E", "5709686c200fba1400367f77": "22 May 2006", "5709686c200fba1400367f78": "40,000", - "5709686c200fba1400367f79": "STB) from manufacturer Thomson", + "5709686c200fba1400367f79": "Thomson", "5709686c200fba1400367f7a": "17,000", "5709686c200fba1400367f7b": "4,222,000", "57096b66200fba1400367fa7": "8 February 2007", "57096b66200fba1400367fa8": "March", - "57096b66200fba1400367fa9": "digital terrestrial platform", + "57096b66200fba1400367fa9": "the digital terrestrial platform", "57096b66200fba1400367faa": "Virgin Media", "57096b66200fba1400367fab": "English Premier League Football), films, entertainment and news", - "57096c95200fba1400367fbb": "a monthly subscription (known as free-to-view", - "57096c95200fba1400367fbc": "a monthly subscription", - "57096c95200fba1400367fbd": "VideoGuard UK equipped receiver", - "57096c95200fba1400367fbe": "Ku band LNB (9.75/10.600 GHz) which is fitted at the end of the dish and pointed at the correct satellite constellation", - "57096c95200fba1400367fbf": "encrypted content a VideoGuard UK equipped receiver", - "57096e1ced30961900e84102": "1991", + "57096c95200fba1400367fbb": "free-to-view", + "57096c95200fba1400367fbc": "a monthly subscription, and some are pay-per-view services", + "57096c95200fba1400367fbd": "pay-per-view services. To view the encrypted content a VideoGuard UK equipped receiver", + "57096c95200fba1400367fbe": "Ku band LNB", + "57096c95200fba1400367fbf": "encrypted content a VideoGuard UK equipped receiver (all of which are dedicated to the Sky service", + "57096e1ced30961900e84102": "autumn of 1991", "57096e1ced30961900e84103": "ITV", - "57096e1ced30961900e84104": "\u00a318m", + "57096e1ced30961900e84104": "\u00a318m to \u00a334m per year", "57096e1ced30961900e84105": "The BBC", "57096e1ced30961900e84106": "\u00a3304m", "57096f37200fba1400367fe5": "Ofcom", "57096f37200fba1400367fe6": "\u00a315\u2013100,000", - "57096f37200fba1400367fe7": "open access being an enforced part of their operating licence from Ofcom", - "57096f37200fba1400367fe8": "28\u00b0 East is entitled to access to BSkyB's EPG for a fee, ranging from \u00a315\u2013100,000", - "57096f37200fba1400367fe9": "28\u00b0 East is entitled to access to BSkyB's EPG for a fee, ranging from \u00a315\u2013100,000", + "57096f37200fba1400367fe7": "BSkyB has no veto", + "57096f37200fba1400367fe8": "does not carry any control", + "57096f37200fba1400367fe9": "does not carry any control", "57097051ed30961900e84132": "1 October 1998", "57097051ed30961900e84133": "Sky Digital", - "57097051ed30961900e84134": "ONdigital", - "57097051ed30961900e84135": "ONdigital", + "57097051ed30961900e84134": "Sky Active", + "57097051ed30961900e84135": "the ONdigital", "57097051ed30961900e84136": "over 100,000", "57097141200fba1400367ff9": "2007", - "57097141200fba1400367ffa": "a high-definition television (HDTV) capable set top box", - "57097141200fba1400367ffb": "Video On Demand service to carry a modest selection of HD content", + "57097141200fba1400367ffa": "Virgin Media", + "57097141200fba1400367ffb": "its Video", "57097141200fba1400367ffc": "BBC HD", - "57097141200fba1400367ffd": "\"locked up\" or otherwise withheld from their platform, although Virgin Media did in fact have an option to carry Channel 4 HD", + "57097141200fba1400367ffd": "Channel 4 HD", "57097b50200fba140036804d": "10 million", "57097b50200fba140036804e": "36%", "57097b50200fba140036804f": "August 2004", "57097b50200fba1400368050": "36%", "57097b50200fba1400368051": "flattened", - "57097c8fed30961900e841f2": "alcohol, tobacco and gambling", - "57097c8fed30961900e841f3": "\"essentials", - "57097c8fed30961900e841f4": "alcohol, tobacco and gambling", - "57097c8fed30961900e841f5": "alcohol, tobacco and gambling", - "57097c8fed30961900e841f6": "betray a man's presence", + "57097c8fed30961900e841f2": "Welfare Cash Card", + "57097c8fed30961900e841f3": "essentials", + "57097c8fed30961900e841f4": "was \u2018often damaging\u2019", + "57097c8fed30961900e841f5": "Sky TV bills", + "57097c8fed30961900e841f6": "betray a man's presence in the household", "57097d63ed30961900e841fc": "\u00a330m", - "57097d63ed30961900e841fd": "BSkyB", - "57097d63ed30961900e841fe": "Virgin Media", + "57097d63ed30961900e841fd": "there is no indication as to whether the new deal includes the additional Video On Demand and High Definition content which had previously been offered by BSkyB", + "57097d63ed30961900e841fe": "BSkyB and Virgin Media", "57097d63ed30961900e841ff": "BSkyB", - "57097d63ed30961900e84200": "each other relating to the carriage of their respective basic channels", - "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3d": "highly diversified: service sectors including financial and property services, health, education, wholesale, retail, hospitality and manufacturing", + "57097d63ed30961900e84200": "against each other relating to the carriage of their respective basic channels", + "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3d": "highly diversified", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3e": "second", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3f": "fourth", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c40": "Melbourne", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c41": "Melbourne Cricket Ground", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c47": "Bendigo", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c48": "New South Wales", - "570d2556fed7b91900d45c49": "Buckland Valley near Bright", + "570d2556fed7b91900d45c49": "Buckland Valley", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c4a": "1,000", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c4b": "cramped and unsanitary", - "570d26efb3d812140066d48f": "multi-member proportional", + "570d26efb3d812140066d48f": "new multi-member proportional representation system", "570d26efb3d812140066d490": "eight", - "570d26efb3d812140066d491": "eight", + "570d26efb3d812140066d491": "five", "570d26efb3d812140066d492": "lower house members", - "570d26efb3d812140066d493": "fixed and occur in November every four years", + "570d26efb3d812140066d493": "Elections for the Victorian Parliament are now fixed and occur in November every four years", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a3": "Labor", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a4": "The Greens", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a5": "The Greens", - "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a6": "The Liberals", - "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a7": "The Liberals", - "570d29c2b3d812140066d4bd": "26.7%", + "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a6": "The Greens", + "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a7": "Liberals", + "570d29c2b3d812140066d4bd": "About 61.1%", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4be": "26.7%", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4bf": "Buddhism", - "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c0": "26.7%", - "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c1": "26.7%", - "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c93": "south-east", - "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c94": "second-most populous state overall", - "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c95": "second-most populous", + "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c0": "168,637", + "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c1": "168,637", + "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c93": "south-east of Australia", + "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c94": "Vic", + "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c95": "second", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c96": "Melbourne", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c97": "second-largest", - "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca7": "Koori", - "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca8": "1803", + "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca7": "the Koori", + "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca8": "1788", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca9": "Sullivan Bay", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45caa": "Sullivan Bay", - "570d2c20fed7b91900d45cab": "1803 at Sullivan Bay, and much of what is now Victoria was included in the Port Phillip District in 1836", - "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbb": "3 million tonnes of wheat and 2 million tonnes of barley. Victorian farms produce nearly 90%", - "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbc": "33%", - "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbd": "10,000 sq mi) of Victorian farmland are sown for grain, mostly in the state's west. More than 50%", + "570d2c20fed7b91900d45cab": "1803", + "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbb": "More than 26,000 square kilometres (10,000 sq mi)", + "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbc": "More than 50%", + "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbd": "6,000 square kilometres", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbe": "90%", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbf": "270,000", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45ccf": "1975", - "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd0": "the 1855 colonial constitution", - "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd1": "United Kingdom Parliament", - "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd2": "an absolute majority", - "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd3": "the Victoria Constitution Act 1855", - "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce3": "hot winds blowing from nearby semi-deserts", - "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce4": "32 \u00b0C", - "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce5": "semi-deserts", + "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd0": "1855 colonial constitution", + "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd1": "Parliament of Victoria", + "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd2": "either an absolute majority in both houses, a three-fifths majority in both houses, or the approval of the Victorian people in a referendum", + "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd3": "Victoria Constitution Act 1855", + "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce3": "hot winds", + "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce4": "32 \u00b0C (90 \u00b0F)", + "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce5": "2\u20137 \u00b0C (4\u201313 \u00b0F)", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce6": "2\u20137 \u00b0C", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce7": "7 February 2009", - "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d01": "the Roman Catholic Church and independent schools similar to British public schools. Independent schools are usually affiliated with Protestant churches", - "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d02": "the Victoria Department of Education", - "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d03": "tuition fees", - "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d04": "the Roman Catholic Church", - "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d05": "government-set curriculum standards", - "570d3468b3d812140066d543": "Toyota and Holden", + "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d01": "Victorian schools are either publicly or privately funded", + "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d02": "Victoria Department of Education", + "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d03": "extra costs are levied", + "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d04": "Roman Catholic Church", + "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d05": "government-set curriculum", + "570d3468b3d812140066d543": "Victorian plants", "570d3468b3d812140066d544": "October 2016", - "570d3468b3d812140066d545": "February 2014 outlining a closure year of 2017. Holden's announcement occurred in May 2013", + "570d3468b3d812140066d545": "February 2014", "570d3468b3d812140066d546": "October 2016", - "570d3468b3d812140066d547": "Toyota and Holden", - "570d35b7b3d812140066d54d": "1,986 m (6,516 ft). There are extensive semi-arid plains to the west and northwest", - "570d35b7b3d812140066d54e": "1,986 m", + "570d3468b3d812140066d547": "Ford's Victorian plants", + "570d35b7b3d812140066d54d": "almost 2,000 m (6,600 ft)", + "570d35b7b3d812140066d54e": "Mount Bogong", "570d35b7b3d812140066d54f": "1,986 m", "570d35b7b3d812140066d550": "river systems", - "570d35b7b3d812140066d551": "helmeted honeyeater", - "570d391fb3d812140066d575": "northeast", - "570d391fb3d812140066d576": "Great Dividing Range mountain system", + "570d35b7b3d812140066d551": "honeyeater", + "570d391fb3d812140066d575": "The Victorian Alps in the northeast", + "570d391fb3d812140066d576": "the Great Dividing Range mountain system", "570d391fb3d812140066d577": "east-west", - "570d391fb3d812140066d578": "9 \u00b0C", + "570d391fb3d812140066d578": "9 \u00b0C (48 \u00b0F)", "570d391fb3d812140066d579": "\u221211.7 \u00b0C", - "570d4030fed7b91900d45d9f": "Victorian Government", - "570d4030fed7b91900d45da0": "Great Southern Rail which operates The Overland Melbourne\u2014Adelaide; and NSW TrainLink", - "570d4030fed7b91900d45da1": "Victorian Government", - "570d4030fed7b91900d45da2": "Metro Trains Melbourne which runs an extensive, electrified, passenger system throughout Melbourne and suburbs; V/Line", - "570d4030fed7b91900d45da3": "electrified, passenger system", - "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbd": "37 seats in the Australian House of Representatives and 12", + "570d4030fed7b91900d45d9f": "government", + "570d4030fed7b91900d45da0": "Metro Trains Melbourne which runs an extensive, electrified, passenger system throughout Melbourne and suburbs; V/Line", + "570d4030fed7b91900d45da1": "the Victorian Government", + "570d4030fed7b91900d45da2": "Great Southern Rail", + "570d4030fed7b91900d45da3": "passenger system", + "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbd": "37", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbe": "12", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbf": "the Legislative Council", - "570d418dfed7b91900d45dc0": "Legislative Council", + "570d418dfed7b91900d45dc0": "the Legislative Council", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dc1": "Linda Dessau", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd7": "1 July 1851", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd8": "1851", - "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd9": "richest shallow alluvial goldfield in the world\" and the largest gold nugget", - "570d4329fed7b91900d45dda": "76,000 to 540,000", - "570d4329fed7b91900d45ddb": "20 million ounces", + "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd9": "one of the largest gold rushes", + "570d4329fed7b91900d45dda": "sevenfold", + "570d4329fed7b91900d45ddb": "20 million ounces of gold", "570d44abb3d812140066d5fd": "1,548", - "570d44abb3d812140066d5fe": "489 Catholic schools and 214 independent schools. Just under 540,800 students were enrolled in public schools, and just over 311,800", - "570d44abb3d812140066d5ff": "800 students were enrolled in public schools, and just over 311,800", + "570d44abb3d812140066d5fe": "489", + "570d44abb3d812140066d5ff": "Just under 540,800", "570d44abb3d812140066d600": "63,519", - "570d44abb3d812140066d601": "Over 61 per cent", + "570d44abb3d812140066d601": "Over 61", "570d4606b3d812140066d619": "Victoria", - "570d4606b3d812140066d61a": "3 million", + "570d4606b3d812140066d61a": "2.2 million", "570d4606b3d812140066d61b": "60%", "570d4606b3d812140066d61c": "nearly two-thirds", "570d4606b3d812140066d61d": "Asia", "570d47b8b3d812140066d62d": "1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) broad gauge", - "570d47b8b3d812140066d62e": "1,435 mm", + "570d47b8b3d812140066d62e": "1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1\u20442 in) standard gauge", "570d47b8b3d812140066d62f": "1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) broad gauge", "570d47b8b3d812140066d630": "mountainous areas", "570d47b8b3d812140066d631": "five", @@ -3016,36 +3016,36 @@ "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e15": "New Holland", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e16": "Sydney", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e31": "1854", - "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e33": "miners protesting against mining taxes", + "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e33": "miners", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e32": "Eureka Stockade", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e34": "mining licence fees", - "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e35": "the Colony of Victoria Act 1855", - "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66d": "political party or coalition", - "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66e": "Daniel Andrews", + "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e35": "Colony of Victoria Act", + "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66d": "leader of the political party or coalition", + "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66e": "The Premier is the public face of government and, with cabinet,", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66f": "Daniel Andrews", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d670": "Daniel Andrews", - "570d4e6cb3d812140066d671": "house of parliament", - "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7d": "17% to $8.7 billion", + "570d4e6cb3d812140066d671": "either house of parliament", + "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7d": "by 17% to $8.7 billion", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7e": "17% to $8.7 billion", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7f": "32,463", - "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e80": "60%", - "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e81": "60%", - "570d529fb3d812140066d6bb": "tourism in Victoria, particularly cultural tourism and sports tourism", + "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e80": "A quarter", + "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e81": "more than 60%", + "570d529fb3d812140066d6bb": "tourism", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bc": "sports tourism", - "570d529fb3d812140066d6bd": "Melbourne, but others occur in regional cities", + "570d529fb3d812140066d6bd": "Melbourne", "570d529fb3d812140066d6be": "regional cities", - "570d529fb3d812140066d6bf": "Queenscliff Music Festival, Bells Beach SurfClassic and the Bright Autumn Festival", + "570d529fb3d812140066d6bf": "Bright Autumn Festival", "57105da9a58dae1900cd699e": "southern", "57105da9a58dae1900cd699f": "one-eighth", "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a0": "1562 to 1598", - "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a1": "the Wars of Religion, fought intermittently from 1562 to 1598. The wars finally ended with the granting of the Edict of Nantes", - "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a2": "granting of the Edict of Nantes, which granted the Huguenots substantial religious, political and military autonomy", - "57106185b654c5140001f8db": "derision", + "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a1": "Edict of Nantes", + "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a2": "Edict of Nantes", + "57106185b654c5140001f8db": "Hugues plus Eidgenosse by way of Huisgenoten", "57106185b654c5140001f8dd": "Geneva", - "57106185b654c5140001f8dc": "Hugues", + "57106185b654c5140001f8dc": "Besan\u00e7on Hugues", "57106185b654c5140001f8de": "Huguenot", - "57106185b654c5140001f8df": "1560", - "57106644b654c5140001f8e5": "the Reformed church", + "57106185b654c5140001f8df": "Amboise plot of 1560", + "57106644b654c5140001f8e5": "The availability of the Bible in vernacular languages", "57106644b654c5140001f8e6": "1294", "57106644b654c5140001f8e7": "Guyard de Moulin", "57106644b654c5140001f8e8": "1487", @@ -3054,183 +3054,183 @@ "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f0": "Montpellier", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f2": "Edict of 1598", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f1": "1622", - "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f3": "1622", - "571077ecb654c5140001f909": "the Cape of Good Hope", + "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f3": "1598", + "571077ecb654c5140001f909": "Cape of Good Hope", "571077ecb654c5140001f90a": "Cape Town", "571077ecb654c5140001f90b": "Maria de la Queillerie", - "571077ecb654c5140001f90c": "Fran\u00e7ois Villion", + "571077ecb654c5140001f90c": "Dutch East India Company", "571077ecb654c5140001f90d": "1700", "57107932a58dae1900cd69ca": "1624", "57107932a58dae1900cd69cb": "Jess\u00e9 de Forest", - "57107932a58dae1900cd69cc": "Bushwick", - "57107932a58dae1900cd69cd": "Bushwick", + "57107932a58dae1900cd69cc": "Boschwick", + "57107932a58dae1900cd69cd": "L'Eglise du Saint-Esprit", "57107932a58dae1900cd69ce": "Bushwick", - "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69df": "France", + "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69df": "Charleston", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e1": "British Landgrave Edmund Bellinger", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e2": "Pons", - "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e0": "1685", - "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69de": "France, was among the first to settle there. He became pastor of the first Huguenot church in North America", - "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e8": "king Louis XIV after the French attacked the Dutch Republic in 1672. William formed the League of Augsburg as a coalition to oppose Louis and the French state", - "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e9": "William III of Orange", - "57107c24a58dae1900cd69ea": "William formed the League of Augsburg", + "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e0": "1697", + "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69de": "Charleston", + "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e8": "William III of Orange", + "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e9": "King of England", + "57107c24a58dae1900cd69ea": "the League of Augsburg", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69eb": "Calvinist Dutch Republic", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69ec": "1672", "57107d73b654c5140001f91d": "Edict of Fontainebleau", "57107d73b654c5140001f91e": "1685", "57107d73b654c5140001f91f": "Fontainebleau", "57107d73b654c5140001f920": "500,000", - "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f2": "The Catholic Church", + "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f2": "Catholic Church", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f3": "St. Bartholomew's Day massacre", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f4": "5,000 to 30,000", - "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f5": "Retaliating against the French Catholics, the Huguenots had their own militia", + "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f5": "had their own militia", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f6": "political reasons", - "57108073b654c5140001f927": "1621 and 1629", + "57108073b654c5140001f927": "between 1621 and 1629", "57108073b654c5140001f926": "southwestern France", "57108073b654c5140001f928": "Henry IV", "57108073b654c5140001f929": "Louis XIII", "57108073b654c5140001f925": "the Huguenot rebellions", - "57108198b654c5140001f937": "one million", + "57108198b654c5140001f937": "Approximately one million", "57108198b654c5140001f938": "2%", - "57108198b654c5140001f939": "Alsace", - "57108198b654c5140001f93a": "Alsace in northeast France", + "57108198b654c5140001f939": "Alsace in northeast France", + "57108198b654c5140001f93a": "C\u00e9vennes mountain region", "57108198b654c5140001f93b": "French Australians", "57108c95b654c5140001f979": "Staten Island", "57108c95b654c5140001f97a": "Staten Island", "57108c95b654c5140001f97b": "New Paltz", - "57108c95b654c5140001f97c": "The \"Huguenot Street Historic District\" in New Paltz", - "57108c95b654c5140001f97d": "Staten Island", + "57108c95b654c5140001f97c": "New York Harbor", + "57108c95b654c5140001f97d": "New York", "57108d69b654c5140001f983": "Dutch Republic", - "57108d69b654c5140001f984": "75,000", + "57108d69b654c5140001f984": "75,000 to 100,000", "57108d69b654c5140001f985": "ca. 2 million", - "57108d69b654c5140001f986": "Frisia", + "57108d69b654c5140001f986": "West Frisia", "57108d69b654c5140001f987": "Edict of Nantes", - "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1a": "Huguon", - "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1b": "King Hugo", - "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1c": "King Hugo", + "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1a": "in Tours", + "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1b": "the gate of King Hugo", + "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1c": "le roi Huguet", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1d": "pr\u00e9tendus r\u00e9form\u00e9s", - "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1e": "at night", - "571090abb654c5140001f995": "Canterbury includes a block of houses in Turnagain Lane, where weavers' windows survive on the top floor", - "571090abb654c5140001f996": "The Weavers, a half-timbered house by the river", + "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1e": "night", + "571090abb654c5140001f995": "Turnagain Lane", + "571090abb654c5140001f996": "The Weavers", "571090abb654c5140001f997": "weavers", "571090abb654c5140001f998": "Kent, particularly Sandwich, Faversham and Maidstone", "571090abb654c5140001f999": "a weaving school", - "57109180a58dae1900cd6a41": "Cork City; and D'Olier Street in Dublin", - "57109180a58dae1900cd6a40": "the Huguenot District and French Church Street", - "57109180a58dae1900cd6a42": "Cork City; and D'Olier Street in Dublin", + "57109180a58dae1900cd6a41": "Portarlington", + "57109180a58dae1900cd6a40": "Dublin, Cork, Youghal and Waterford", + "57109180a58dae1900cd6a42": "Dublin", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a43": "a High Sheriff", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a44": "1696", - "57109275b654c5140001f99f": "exodus of Huguenots from France created a brain drain", - "57109275b654c5140001f9a0": "religious dissenters. By the time of the French and Indian War", - "57109275b654c5140001f9a1": "non-Catholics", + "57109275b654c5140001f99f": "a brain drain", + "57109275b654c5140001f9a0": "British colonies", + "57109275b654c5140001f9a1": "French crown's refusal to allow non-Catholics", "57109275b654c5140001f9a2": "Seven Years' War", "57109275b654c5140001f9a3": "1759-60", - "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5c": "Henry IV, and having recanted Protestantism in favour of Roman Catholicism, issued the Edict of Nantes", + "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5c": "the French throne", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5d": "1598", - "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5e": "granted the Protestants equality with Catholics under the throne and a degree of religious and political freedom within their domains", - "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5f": "the founding of new Protestant churches in Catholic-controlled regions", - "571093aba58dae1900cd6a60": "French throne as Henry IV, and having recanted Protestantism in favour of Roman Catholicism", - "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a66": "education of children as Catholics, and prohibited emigration", - "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a67": "education of children as Catholics, and prohibited emigration", + "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5e": "protected Catholic interests", + "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5f": "new Protestant churches", + "571093aba58dae1900cd6a60": "Roman Catholicism", + "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a66": "education", + "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a67": "emigration", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a68": "Four thousand", - "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a69": "new converts", + "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a69": "new converts\"", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a6a": "New York and Virginia", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a76": "Switzerland and the Netherlands", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a77": "1555", - "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a78": "Fort Coligny", + "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a78": "France Antarctique", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a79": "1560", - "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a7a": "death sentence", - "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a86": "bear French names. Many families, today mostly Afrikaans-speaking, have surnames", - "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a87": "The wine industry in South Africa owes a significant debt to the Huguenots", - "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a88": "Western Cape province", - "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a89": "Huguenot ancestry", - "571097baa58dae1900cd6a98": "Francis Marion", + "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a7a": "Guanabara Confession of Faith", + "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a86": "Afrikaans", + "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a87": "wine industry", + "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a88": "The wine industry", + "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a89": "Afrikaans-speaking, have surnames indicating their French Huguenot ancestry", + "571097baa58dae1900cd6a98": "Paul Revere", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a99": "Paul Revere", - "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9a": "North America worships in Charleston, South Carolina", + "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9a": "Charleston", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9b": "Manakin Episcopal Church", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9c": "Texas", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab2": "British lace", - "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab3": "Bucks Point' demonstrates a Huguenot", - "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab4": "The only reference to immigrant lacemakers in this period is of twenty-five widows who settled in Dover", - "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab5": "18th century", + "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab3": "Bucks Point", + "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab4": "'Bucks Point' demonstrates a Huguenot influence, being a \"combination of Mechlin patterns on Lille ground\"", + "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab5": "first half of the eighteenth century", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b3": "Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichstadt", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b4": "one-fifth", - "571099b2b654c5140001f9b5": "protest against the occupation of Prussia by Napoleon in 1806-07", + "571099b2b654c5140001f9b5": "protest", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b6": "1806-07", - "571099b2b654c5140001f9b7": "Hamburg, Frankfurt, Helsinki", + "571099b2b654c5140001f9b7": "Fredericia (Denmark), Berlin, Stockholm, Hamburg, Frankfurt, Helsinki, and Emden", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b26": "Prussia", - "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b27": "Protestant countries", - "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b28": "the Camisards", - "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b29": "French troops years to hunt down and destroy all the bands of Camisards", + "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b27": "C\u00e9vennes region", + "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b28": "Camisards", + "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b29": "the Catholic Church", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b2a": "1702 and 1709", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b30": "Jacksonville", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b31": "Jean Ribault", - "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b32": "Fort Caroline on the banks of the St. Johns River", - "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b33": "Spanish colony", + "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b32": "Fort Caroline", + "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b33": "Menendez", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b34": "September 1565", - "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa17": "Charlesfort on Parris Island", - "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa18": "Southeastern U.S., and founded the outpost of Charlesfort on Parris Island, South Carolina", - "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa19": "Jean Ribault", + "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa17": "Charlesfort", + "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa18": "Parris Island, South Carolina", + "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa19": "Pedro Men\u00e9ndez de Avil\u00e9s", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1a": "1562", - "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1b": "Wars of Religion precluded a return voyage", + "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1b": "The Wars of Religion", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3a": "Virginia", - "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3b": "Lower Norfolk County", - "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3c": "Manakin Town", - "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3d": "148 Huguenots still resident at Manakintown. Of the original 390", + "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3b": "Manakintown", + "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3c": "Manakintown", + "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3d": "148", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3e": "12 May 1705", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2b": "1568\u20131609", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2c": "Huguenots", - "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2d": "William the Silent", - "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2e": "Louise de Coligny, daughter of the murdered Huguenot leader Gaspard de Coligny", - "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2f": "William the Silent", - "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b60": "Ireland", + "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2d": "\"Apologie\" of William the Silent", + "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2e": "William the Silent", + "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2f": "Calvinist", + "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b60": "Naturalization Act", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b61": "1708", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b62": "50,000", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b63": "Andrew Lortie", - "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b64": "Britain", + "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b64": "the Pope", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b72": "Williamite war", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b73": "William of Orange", - "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b74": "William of Orange", - "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b75": "flax cultivation and the growth of the Irish linen industry", - "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b76": "William of Orange", + "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b74": "Dublin, Cork, Portarlington, Lisburn, Waterford and Youghal", + "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b75": "Irish linen", + "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b76": "Irish linen", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa45": "Count Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbr\u00fccken", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa46": "Count Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbr\u00fccken", - "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa47": "glass-making works", - "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa48": "the 1890s", + "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa47": "glass-making", + "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa48": "1890s", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa49": "1604", - "5711119cb654c5140001fae3": "the Duchy of Prussia, the Channel Islands, and Ireland", - "5711119cb654c5140001fae4": "Protestant European nations such as England, Wales, Scotland, Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland, the Dutch Republic, the Electorate of Brandenburg and Electorate of the Palatinate", - "5711119cb654c5140001fae6": "South Africa", - "5711119cb654c5140001fae5": "the Dutch East Indies", - "5711119cb654c5140001fae7": "worship freely", - "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcc": "Capet", - "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcd": "association with Hugues Capet", - "571112ada58dae1900cd6bce": "Hugues Capet", - "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcf": "association with Hugues Capet", - "571112ada58dae1900cd6bd0": "French language. The \"Hugues hypothesis\" argues that the name was derived by association with Hugues Capet", + "5711119cb654c5140001fae3": "England, Wales, Scotland, Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland, the Dutch Republic", + "5711119cb654c5140001fae4": "Protestant", + "5711119cb654c5140001fae6": "the Dutch Republic,", + "5711119cb654c5140001fae5": "Dutch Cape Colony", + "5711119cb654c5140001fae7": "English colonies of North America, and Quebec, where they were accepted and allowed to worship freely", + "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcc": "Hugues Capet", + "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcd": "The \"Hugues hypothesis", + "571112ada58dae1900cd6bce": "Janet Gray", + "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcf": "those who want Hugo", + "571112ada58dae1900cd6bd0": "double or triple non-French", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd6": "Jacques Lefevre", - "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd7": "Geneva", + "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd7": "Gallican Roman Catholics", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd8": "1523", - "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd9": "Lefevre who went on to become a leader of the Swiss Reformation, establishing a Protestant government in Geneva. Jean Cauvin", + "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd9": "William Farel", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bda": "Jean Cauvin", "57111428b654c5140001faff": "24 August \u2013 3 October 1572", "57111428b654c5140001fb00": "Catholics", "57111428b654c5140001fb01": "thousands", "57111428b654c5140001fb02": "1573", - "57111429b654c5140001fb03": "3,000", + "57111429b654c5140001fb03": "between about 2,000 and 3,000", "571114cfb654c5140001fb09": "Louis XIV", - "571114cfb654c5140001fb0a": "closed Huguenot schools", - "571114cfb654c5140001fb0b": "missionaries, backed by a fund to financially reward converts to Catholicism. Then he imposed penalties", - "571114cfb654c5140001fb0c": "imposed penalties", + "571114cfb654c5140001fb0a": "closed", + "571114cfb654c5140001fb0b": "to convert", + "571114cfb654c5140001fb0c": "closed Huguenot schools and excluded them from favored professions. Escalating, he instituted dragonnades, which included the occupation and looting", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0d": "dragonnades", "5711163bb654c5140001fb13": "Westchester", - "5711163bb654c5140001fb14": "north shore of Long Island Sound", - "5711163bb654c5140001fb15": "John Pell, Lord of Pelham Manor", - "5711163bb654c5140001fb16": "Bauffet", + "5711163bb654c5140001fb14": "Pine Street in New York City", + "5711163bb654c5140001fb15": "John Pell", + "5711163bb654c5140001fb16": "La Rochelle", "5711163bb654c5140001fb17": "Trinity-St. Paul's Episcopal Church", - "57111713a58dae1900cd6c00": "quickly", - "57111713a58dae1900cd6c01": "quickly", - "57111713a58dae1900cd6c02": "French communities", - "57111713a58dae1900cd6c03": "many families continued to use French first names and surnames for their children well into the nineteenth century", + "57111713a58dae1900cd6c00": "quickly and often married outside their immediate French communities", + "57111713a58dae1900cd6c01": "married outside their immediate French communities", + "57111713a58dae1900cd6c02": "E.I. du Pont", + "57111713a58dae1900cd6c03": "well into the nineteenth century", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c04": "Eleutherian gunpowder mills", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0a": "Pierre Bayle", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0b": "Rotterdam", @@ -3240,534 +3240,534 @@ "57111992b654c5140001fb43": "The French Protestant Church of London", "57111992b654c5140001fb44": "1550", "57111992b654c5140001fb45": "Soho Square", - "57111992b654c5140001fb46": "Soho Square. Huguenot refugees flocked to Shoreditch", + "57111992b654c5140001fb46": "Shoreditch, London", "57111992b654c5140001fb47": "1724", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3c": "Lutheran and Reformed states", - "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3d": "Brandenburg-Prussia", + "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3d": "Baden, Franconia", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3e": "Edict of Potsdam", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3f": "Angerm\u00fcnde) by Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia", - "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c40": "The Huguenots furnished two new regiments of his army", + "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c40": "furnished two new regiments of his army", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c50": "Frederick William", - "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c51": "Theodor Fontane, General Hermann von Fran\u00e7ois", - "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c52": "poet Theodor Fontane, General Hermann von Fran\u00e7ois", + "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c51": "Theodor Fontane", + "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c52": "Lothar de Maizi\u00e8re", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c53": "Lothar de Maizi\u00e8re", - "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c54": "Federal Minister of the Interior", - "57112686b654c5140001fbd3": "solar power", - "57112686b654c5140001fbd4": "Rankine cycle", - "57112686b654c5140001fbd5": "steam within a boiler operating at a high pressure", + "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c54": "Minister of the Interior", + "57112686b654c5140001fbd3": "solar power, nuclear power", + "57112686b654c5140001fbd4": "the Rankine cycle", + "57112686b654c5140001fbd5": "steam", "57112686b654c5140001fbd6": "high pressure", - "57112686b654c5140001fbd7": "Steam engines are external combustion engines", + "57112686b654c5140001fbd7": "external combustion", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb2": "the atmospheric engine", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb3": "Thomas Newcomen", - "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb4": "Thomas Newcomen around 1712", - "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb5": "atmospheric engine", - "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb6": "Thomas Newcomen around 1712. It was an improvement over Savery's steam pump, using a piston as proposed by Papin", - "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc4": "United Kingdom", + "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb4": "1712", + "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb5": "steam pump", + "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb6": "Papin", + "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc4": "the United Kingdom", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc5": "21 February 1804", - "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc6": "Trevithick's unnamed steam locomotive hauled a train along the tramway from the Pen-y-darren ironworks", + "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc6": "the Pen-y-darren ironworks", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc7": "south Wales", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc8": "south Wales", - "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0e": "Rankine cycle and most practical steam engines have a water pump to recycle or top up the boiler water", + "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0e": "water pump", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0f": "multi-stage centrifugal pumps", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d10": "1850s", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d11": "steam locomotives", - "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d12": "a steam jet", - "57113639a58dae1900cd6d18": "three or four", - "57113639a58dae1900cd6d19": "triple and quadruple expansion engines", + "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d12": "lower-pressure boiler feed water is an injector, which uses a steam jet", + "57113639a58dae1900cd6d18": "three or four expansion stages", + "57113639a58dae1900cd6d19": "triple and quadruple", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1a": "late 19th century", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1b": "triple expansion engines", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1c": "Olympic class", - "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d22": "Joy and Walschaerts motions. Corliss, and later, poppet valve gears had separate admission and exhaust valves driven by trip mechanisms", + "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d22": "trip mechanisms", "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d23": "Joy", - "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d24": "lengthening rubbing surfaces of the valve", + "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d24": "lengthening rubbing surfaces", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc1f": "Lead fusible plugs", - "57113ba6b654c5140001fc20": "manually suppress the fire", - "57113ba6b654c5140001fc21": "manually suppress the fire", + "57113ba6b654c5140001fc20": "the lead melts and the steam escapes", + "57113ba6b654c5140001fc21": "warning the operators, who may then manually suppress the fire", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc22": "manually suppress the fire", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc23": "little effect on dampening the fire", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d28": "James Watt", - "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d29": "rotary motion", - "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2a": "10,000", + "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d29": "rotary", + "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2a": "ten", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2b": "1883", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2c": "Industrial Revolution", - "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d32": "AD", - "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d33": "Greek mathematician Hero of Alexandria", - "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d34": "Greek mathematician Hero of Alexandria", + "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d32": "first century AD", + "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d33": "Hero of Alexandria", + "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d34": "Greek", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d35": "Giovanni Branca", - "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d36": "1629. Jer\u00f3nimo de Ayanz y Beaumont received patents in 1606", + "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d36": "1606", "57113f83b654c5140001fc29": "compound engines", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2a": "expansions", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2b": "expansions", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2d": "internal combustion engines", - "57113f83b654c5140001fc2c": "expansions", + "57113f83b654c5140001fc2c": "efficiency was important to reduce the weight of coal carried", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5a": "steam turbines", - "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5b": "late part of the 19th century", - "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5c": "several hundred horsepower", + "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5b": "late part", + "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5c": "several hundred", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5d": "90%", - "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5e": "steam turbines", + "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5e": "electric power", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6e": "burning combustible materials", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6f": "combustion chamber", - "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d70": "solar energy", + "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d70": "solar", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d71": "heat source", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d80": "steam engine indicator", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d81": "1851", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d82": "Charles Porter", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d83": "Charles Richard", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d84": "London Exhibition", - "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8a": "90\u00b0", + "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8a": "90\u00b0 out of phase", "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8b": "180\u00b0", - "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8c": "180\u00b0", + "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8c": "90\u00b0", "5711488ab654c5140001fc3d": "counterflow", "5711488ab654c5140001fc3e": "two", - "5711488ab654c5140001fc3f": "two", + "5711488ab654c5140001fc3f": "one", "5711488ab654c5140001fc40": "four", - "5711488ab654c5140001fc41": "one rotation of the crank and two piston strokes", - "57114aceb654c5140001fc47": "Quasiturbine is a uniflow rotary steam engine", - "57114aceb654c5140001fc48": "counterflow cycle where, during each stroke, the port and the cylinder walls will be cooled by the passing exhaust steam", - "57114aceb654c5140001fc49": "one thousand horsepower", - "57114b1a2419e31400955575": "oscillating cylinder steam engine is a variant of the simple expansion steam engine", + "5711488ab654c5140001fc41": "expansion", + "57114aceb654c5140001fc47": "rotary steam engine", + "57114aceb654c5140001fc48": "the usual counterflow cycle", + "57114aceb654c5140001fc49": "cylinder wall", + "57114b1a2419e31400955575": "An oscillating cylinder steam engine", "57114b1a2419e31400955576": "trunnion", - "57114b1a2419e31400955577": "toys and models", - "57114b1a2419e31400955578": "toys and models", - "57114dfb50c2381900b54a53": "recycled continuously", - "57114dfb50c2381900b54a54": "open loop\" system", - "57114dfb50c2381900b54a55": "Low boiling hydrocarbons", - "57114dfb50c2381900b54a56": "recycled continuously", + "57114b1a2419e31400955577": "ships", + "57114b1a2419e31400955578": "ships where their compactness is valued", + "57114dfb50c2381900b54a53": "the working fluid is recycled continuously", + "57114dfb50c2381900b54a54": "\"open loop\" system", + "57114dfb50c2381900b54a55": "Mercury", + "57114dfb50c2381900b54a56": "recycled", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5b": "working fluid", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5c": "565 \u00b0C", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5d": "stainless steel", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5f": "63%", - "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5e": "565 \u00b0C (the creep limit of stainless steel) and condenser temperatures are around 30 \u00b0C", + "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5e": "30 \u00b0C", "57114f0050c2381900b54a65": "Steam engines", - "57114f0050c2381900b54a66": "propelling transport appliances", - "57114f0050c2381900b54a67": "Stanley Steamer", - "57114f0050c2381900b54a68": "powering pumping stations", + "57114f0050c2381900b54a66": "propelling transport appliances such as railway locomotives, ships, steamboats", + "57114f0050c2381900b54a67": "steam-powered farm tractors", + "57114f0050c2381900b54a68": "mines", "57114f0050c2381900b54a69": "increase in the land available for cultivation", - "571153422419e3140095557d": "Matthew Murray", + "571153422419e3140095557d": "Catch Me Who Can in 1808. Only four years later, the successful twin-cylinder locomotive Salamanca by Matthew Murray", "571153422419e3140095557e": "Matthew Murray", "571153422419e3140095557f": "twin-cylinder", - "571153422419e31400955580": "Matthew Murray", + "571153422419e31400955580": "edge railed rack and pinion Middleton Railway", "571153422419e31400955581": "Stockton and Darlington Railway", "5711541350c2381900b54a6f": "Arthur Woolf", "5711541350c2381900b54a70": "British", - "5711541350c2381900b54a71": "steam in each. This reduces the magnitude of cylinder heating and cooling, increasing the efficiency of the engine", - "5711541350c2381900b54a72": "a larger cylinder volume as this steam occupies a greater volume. Therefore, the bore, and often the stroke, are increased in low-pressure cylinders", - "571154c72419e31400955587": "90%", - "571154c72419e31400955588": "reciprocating steam engines", - "571154c72419e31400955589": "gas turbines", - "571154c72419e3140095558a": "gas turbines", - "571154c72419e3140095558b": "steam turbines", - "571155ae2419e31400955591": "simple power production, and utilizes the phase change of water", - "571155ae2419e31400955592": "converted to work", + "5711541350c2381900b54a71": "torque variability", + "5711541350c2381900b54a72": "larger cylinder volume", + "571154c72419e31400955587": "about 90%", + "571154c72419e31400955588": "reciprocating Diesel engines", + "571154c72419e31400955589": "reciprocating Diesel engines, and gas turbines", + "571154c72419e3140095558a": "reciprocating Diesel engines", + "571154c72419e3140095558b": "reduction gearing", + "571155ae2419e31400955591": "The Rankine cycle", + "571155ae2419e31400955592": "heat being removed in a condenser", "571155ae2419e31400955593": "1990s", - "571155ae2419e31400955594": "virtually all solar, biomass, coal and nuclear power plants", + "571155ae2419e31400955594": "biomass", "571155ae2419e31400955595": "Scottish polymath", - "571156152419e3140095559b": "duty\"", - "571156152419e3140095559f": "5 million. Watt's original low-pressure designs were able to deliver duty as high as 25 million", - "571156152419e3140095559e": "energy efficiency", - "571156152419e3140095559d": "94 pounds)", + "571156152419e3140095559b": "duty", + "571156152419e3140095559f": "17", + "571156152419e3140095559e": "7 million", + "571156152419e3140095559d": "94", "571156152419e3140095559c": "Watt", - "57115ac550c2381900b54a77": "electric motors and internal combustion engines gradually resulted in the replacement of reciprocating", - "57115ac550c2381900b54a78": "turbine type steam engines", + "57115ac550c2381900b54a77": "Reciprocating piston type", + "57115ac550c2381900b54a78": "Reciprocating piston type", "57115ac550c2381900b54a79": "turbine type steam engines", - "57115ac550c2381900b54a7a": "internal combustion engines gradually resulted in the replacement of reciprocating", + "57115ac550c2381900b54a7a": "internal combustion engines", "57115b2850c2381900b54a7f": "Thomas Savery", "57115b2850c2381900b54a80": "water pump", "57115b2850c2381900b54a81": "1698", - "57115b2850c2381900b54a82": "Thomas Savery", - "57115b2850c2381900b54a83": "Thomas Savery", - "57115b8b50c2381900b54a89": "Richard Trevithick and, separately, Oliver Evans", - "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8a": "Oliver Evans", + "57115b2850c2381900b54a82": "Bento de Moura Portugal", + "57115b2850c2381900b54a83": "John Smeaton", + "57115b8b50c2381900b54a89": "Richard Trevithick", + "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8a": "Richard Trevithick and, separately, Oliver Evans", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8b": "1802", - "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8c": "transport applications", - "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8d": "high-pressure steam", - "57115bf350c2381900b54a93": "Energiprojekt AB in Sweden", + "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8c": "transport", + "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8d": "technological developments and improvements in manufacturing techniques", + "57115bf350c2381900b54a93": "Energiprojekt AB", "57115bf350c2381900b54a94": "Sweden", - "57115bf350c2381900b54a95": "27-30%", - "57115bf350c2381900b54a96": "27-30%", + "57115bf350c2381900b54a95": "5", + "57115bf350c2381900b54a96": "8.8", "57115bf350c2381900b54a97": "27-30%", "57115c7450c2381900b54a9d": "surface condensers", "57115c7450c2381900b54a9e": "automobile radiator", - "57115c7450c2381900b54a9f": "A dry type cooling tower is similar to an automobile radiator and is used in locations where water is costly", - "57115c7450c2381900b54aa0": "dry type cooling tower is similar to an automobile radiator", + "57115c7450c2381900b54a9f": "locations where water is costly", + "57115c7450c2381900b54aa0": "wet", "57115c7450c2381900b54aa1": "3600", - "57115dbe2419e314009555a5": "flour mill Boulton & Watt were building. The governor could not actually hold a set speed", + "57115dbe2419e314009555a5": "one at a flour mill Boulton & Watt were building", "57115dbe2419e314009555a6": "Boulton", "57115dbe2419e314009555a7": "flour mill Boulton & Watt were building", "57115dbe2419e314009555a8": "constant speed", - "57115dbe2419e314009555a9": "hold a set speed, because it would assume a new constant speed in response to load changes", + "57115dbe2419e314009555a9": "use on a steam engine", "57115e532419e314009555af": "1880", "57115e532419e314009555b0": "loading gauge", - "57115e532419e314009555b1": "harsh railway operating environment and limited space afforded by the loading gauge", + "57115e532419e314009555b1": "loading gauge", "57115e532419e314009555b2": "1930", "57115e532419e314009555b3": "road engines", - "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa7": "saving steam as speed and momentum are gained by gradually \"shortening the cutoff", + "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa7": "the cutoff", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa8": "kick back", - "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa9": "compression periods which should ideally always be kept fairly constant", + "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa9": "evacuate the cylinder", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aaa": "fixed length", - "57115f652419e314009555b9": "Spanish inventor Jer\u00f3nimo de Ayanz y Beaumont", + "57115f652419e314009555b9": "Jer\u00f3nimo de Ayanz y Beaumont", "57115f652419e314009555ba": "Spanish", "57115f652419e314009555bb": "1606", "57115f652419e314009555bc": "1698", - "57115f652419e314009555bd": "1698", - "57115ff82419e314009555c3": "steam turbine", - "57115ff82419e314009555c4": "a drive shaft", - "57115ff82419e314009555c5": "rotary motion", - "57115ff82419e314009555c6": "static discs", - "57115ff82419e314009555c7": "1800 RPM and 1500 RPM", - "5711607f2419e314009555cd": "steam plant lower", + "57115f652419e314009555bd": "1712", + "57115ff82419e314009555c3": "rotating discs", + "57115ff82419e314009555c4": "drive shaft", + "57115ff82419e314009555c5": "static discs", + "57115ff82419e314009555c6": "static discs) fixed to the turbine casing", + "57115ff82419e314009555c7": "3600 revolutions per minute (RPM)", + "5711607f2419e314009555cd": "lower", "5711607f2419e314009555ce": "electric motors", "5711607f2419e314009555cf": "steam turbine plant", "5711607f2419e314009555d0": "Advanced Steam movement", "5711607f2419e314009555d1": "pollution", - "571161092419e314009555d7": "Wankel engine in place of the cylinders and valve gear of a conventional reciprocating steam engine", - "571161092419e314009555d8": "the Wankel engine in place of the cylinders and valve gear", + "571161092419e314009555d7": "Wankel engine", + "571161092419e314009555d8": "Wankel engine in place of the cylinders and valve gear", "571161092419e314009555d9": "thermal expansion", - "5711619950c2381900b54aaf": "1763", - "5711619950c2381900b54ab0": "condenser. Boulton and Watt's early engines used half as much coal", - "5711619950c2381900b54ab1": "John Smeaton's improved version of Newcomen's. Newcomen's and Watt's early engines were \"atmospheric\"", - "5711619950c2381900b54ab2": "John Smeaton", + "5711619950c2381900b54aaf": "1775", + "5711619950c2381900b54ab0": "\"atmospheric\"", + "5711619950c2381900b54ab1": "half", + "5711619950c2381900b54ab2": "Newcomen", "5711619950c2381900b54ab3": "partial vacuum generated by condensing steam", - "5711623e50c2381900b54ab9": "two", - "5711623e50c2381900b54aba": "a plug valve in the top of a boiler. One end of the lever carried a weight or spring that restrained the valve against steam pressure", - "5711623e50c2381900b54abb": "a simple lever", - "5711623e50c2381900b54abc": "greater steam pressure and more power from the engine", - "5711623e50c2381900b54abd": "greater steam pressure and more power from the engine", + "5711623e50c2381900b54ab9": "two independent mechanisms", + "5711623e50c2381900b54aba": "a plug valve", + "5711623e50c2381900b54abb": "adjustable spring-loaded valve", + "5711623e50c2381900b54abc": "seal illegally is broken", + "5711623e50c2381900b54abd": "power", "5711628a2419e314009555dd": "Corliss steam engine", "5711628a2419e314009555de": "1849", "5711628a2419e314009555e1": "30%", "5711628a2419e314009555df": "four", - "5711628a2419e314009555e0": "Rumford medal the committee", - "571163172419e314009555e7": "The steam engine contributed much to the development of thermodynamic theory", - "571163172419e314009555e8": "Joseph Black", - "571163172419e314009555e9": "The experimental measurements made by Watt on a model steam engine led to the development of the separate condenser. Watt independently discovered latent heat", + "5711628a2419e314009555e0": "the Rumford medal", + "571163172419e314009555e7": "thermodynamic theory", + "571163172419e314009555e8": "Watt", + "571163172419e314009555e9": "the separate condenser", "571163172419e314009555ea": "Joseph Black", "571163172419e314009555eb": "latent heat", - "5711648850c2381900b54ac3": "lower heat addition temperature", - "5711648850c2381900b54ac4": "relatively little work is required to drive the pump", + "5711648850c2381900b54ac3": "during the compression stage relatively little work is required to drive the pump, the working fluid being in its liquid phase", + "5711648850c2381900b54ac4": "liquid", "5711648850c2381900b54ac5": "1% to 3%", "5711648850c2381900b54ac6": "1500 \u00b0C", "5711651050c2381900b54acb": "injector", - "5711651050c2381900b54acc": "latent heat of vaporisation", - "5711651050c2381900b54acd": "latent heat of vaporisation, and superheaters", - "5711651050c2381900b54ace": "Mechanical stoker", - "5711651050c2381900b54acf": "Mechanical stoker", - "5711658e50c2381900b54ad5": "high vessel speed was not essential. It was however superseded by the British invention steam turbine", + "5711651050c2381900b54acc": "recover the latent heat of vaporisation", + "5711651050c2381900b54acd": "superheaters", + "5711651050c2381900b54ace": "bunker", + "5711651050c2381900b54acf": "screw stoking", + "5711658e50c2381900b54ad5": "feed water", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad6": "British", - "5711658e50c2381900b54ad7": "dreadnought battleships", + "5711658e50c2381900b54ad7": "HMS Dreadnought", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad8": "dreadnought battleships", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad9": "1905", - "571166352419e314009555f1": "steam that drives a turbine connected to an electrical generator", - "571166352419e314009555f2": "electricity by heating water to provide steam that drives a turbine connected to an electrical generator", - "571166352419e314009555f3": "an electrical generator", - "571166352419e314009555f4": "Nuclear-powered ships and submarines either use a steam turbine directly for main propulsion, with generators providing auxiliary power, or else employ turbo-electric transmission", - "571166352419e314009555f5": "Britain", + "571166352419e314009555f1": "water", + "571166352419e314009555f2": "a turbine connected to an electrical generator", + "571166352419e314009555f3": "electrical generator", + "571166352419e314009555f4": "turbo-electric transmission", + "571166352419e314009555f5": "Sweden", "5711669550c2381900b54adf": "a practical Carnot cycle", - "5711669550c2381900b54ae0": "the condenser", - "5711669550c2381900b54ae1": "constant pressure) processes in the Rankine cycle and isothermal", + "5711669550c2381900b54ae0": "isobaric (constant pressure) processes in the Rankine cycle and isothermal (constant temperature) processes in the theoretical Carnot cycle", + "5711669550c2381900b54ae1": "constant pressure", "5711669550c2381900b54ae2": "isobaric (constant pressure) processes in the Rankine cycle and isothermal", - "5711669550c2381900b54ae3": "pressurize the working fluid which is received from the condenser", + "5711669550c2381900b54ae3": "liquid not as a gas", "571a484210f8ca1400304fbd": "8", - "571a484210f8ca1400304fbe": "oxygen is the third-most abundant element in the universe, after hydrogen and helium", + "571a484210f8ca1400304fbe": "oxygen", "571a484210f8ca1400304fc0": "two", - "571a484210f8ca1400304fc1": "half", - "571a484210f8ca1400304fbf": "Diatomic", + "571a484210f8ca1400304fc1": "almost half", + "571a484210f8ca1400304fbf": "O\n2. Diatomic oxygen", "571bb2269499d21900609ca9": "20.8%", "571bb2269499d21900609caa": "Oxygen", "571bb2269499d21900609cab": "8", - "571bb2269499d21900609cad": "fossil-fuel burning", + "571bb2269499d21900609cad": "global downward", "571bb2269499d21900609cac": "hydrogen and helium", "571c3a685efbb31900334db2": "8", - "571c3a685efbb31900334db3": "chalcogen group", + "571c3a685efbb31900334db3": "chalcogen", "571c3a685efbb31900334db4": "oxides", - "571c3a685efbb31900334db5": "third-most abundant element in the universe, after hydrogen and helium", - "571c3a685efbb31900334db6": "standard temperature and pressure", + "571c3a685efbb31900334db5": "third-most abundant", + "571c3a685efbb31900334db6": "dioxygen", "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94a": "photosynthesis", - "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94b": "photosynthesis", - "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94c": "oxygen as it is a part of water, the major constituent of lifeforms. Oxygen is used in cellular respiration and released by photosynthesis", + "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94b": "sunlight", + "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94c": "high-altitude ozone layer", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09c": "oxygen", - "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09d": "the mass of living organisms is oxygen as it is a part of water, the major constituent of lifeforms", + "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09d": "lifeforms", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09e": "photosynthesis", - "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09f": "energy of sunlight", - "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c0a0": "fats", + "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09f": "sunlight", + "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c0a0": "allotrope", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd5": "Robert Boyle", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd6": "John Mayow", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd7": "nitroaereus", - "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd8": "1641", - "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a6": "Robert Boyle proved that air is necessary for combustion. English chemist John Mayow", - "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a7": "spiritus nitroaereus or just nitroaereus", - "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a8": "late 17th century", - "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a9": "combustion", + "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd8": "1641\u20131679", + "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a6": "Robert Boyle", + "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a7": "spiritus nitroaereus", + "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a8": "17th", + "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a9": "respiration", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0aa": "John Mayow", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a958": "Priestley", - "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a959": "mercuric oxide", - "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95b": "HgO) inside a glass tube", + "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a959": "British", + "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95b": "HgO", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95a": "mercuric oxide", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b0": "mercuric oxide", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b1": "dephlogisticated air", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b2": "1775", - "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b3": "Because he published his findings first, Priestley is usually given priority in the discovery", - "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b4": "burned brighter in the gas and that a mouse was more active and lived longer", - "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdd": "mechanics", - "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fde": "Philo of Byzantium", - "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdf": "2nd century", + "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b3": "Because he published his findings", + "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b4": "candles burned brighter in the gas and that a mouse was more active and lived longer", + "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdd": "Leonardo da Vinci", + "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fde": "Philo", + "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdf": "2nd century BCE", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fe0": "Pneumatica", - "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0ba": "2nd century BCE Greek writer on mechanics, Philo of Byzantium", - "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bb": "surmised that parts of the air in the vessel were converted into the classical element fire", + "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0ba": "2nd century BCE Greek writer on mechanics, Philo of Byzantium.", + "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bb": "the classical element fire", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bc": "Pneumatica", - "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bd": "Byzantium", + "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bd": "Leonardo da Vinci", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0be": "air", - "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a960": "heat or a spark, is needed to trigger combustion", - "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a961": "heat or a spark", - "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a962": "perchlorates", + "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a960": "heat or a spark", + "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a961": "rapid combustion. Fire and explosion hazards exist when concentrated oxidants and fuels are brought into close proximity", + "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a962": "oxidative", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a963": "oxidant", - "571cebc05efbb31900334e49": "heat or a spark, is needed to trigger combustion", + "571cebc05efbb31900334e49": "ignition", "571cebc05efbb31900334e4a": "oxidant", - "571cebc05efbb31900334e48": "rapid combustion", - "571cebc05efbb31900334e4b": "heat or a spark, is needed to trigger combustion. Oxygen is the oxidant, not the fuel", - "571cebc05efbb31900334e4c": "peroxides, chlorates, nitrates", - "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a968": "gaseous and liquid oxygen", - "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a969": "Apollo 1", - "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96a": "Steel pipes and storage vessels", - "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96b": "Steel pipes and storage vessels used to store and transmit both gaseous and liquid oxygen will act as a fuel", - "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a0": "gaseous and liquid", - "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a1": "combustion to proceed rapidly and energetically. Steel pipes and storage vessels used to store and transmit both gaseous and liquid oxygen will act as a fuel", - "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a2": "gaseous and liquid oxygen will act as a fuel; and therefore the design and manufacture of O\n2 systems requires special training to ensure that ignition sources", + "571cebc05efbb31900334e48": "oxidant", + "571cebc05efbb31900334e4b": "oxidant", + "571cebc05efbb31900334e4c": "peroxides, chlorates, nitrates, perchlorates, and dichromates", + "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a968": "liquid oxygen", + "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a969": "fuel", + "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96a": "training", + "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96b": "Concentrated O\n2", + "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a0": "liquid", + "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a1": "fuel", + "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a2": "ignition sources", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a4": "the Apollo 1 crew", - "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe6": "oxygen compounds", + "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe6": "oxygen", "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe7": "carbon dioxide", - "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe5": "aluminium oxide Al\n2O\n3, in bauxite and corundum), iron (iron(III) oxide Fe\n2O\n3", + "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe5": "mantle", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e3e": "carbon dioxide", - "571ce7f25efbb31900334e3f": "The Earth's crustal rock", - "571ce7f25efbb31900334e40": "The Earth's crustal rock", - "571ce7f25efbb31900334e41": "carbon dioxide (CO\n2). The Earth's crustal rock", - "571ce7f25efbb31900334e42": "magnesium and iron", + "571ce7f25efbb31900334e3f": "Earth's crustal rock", + "571ce7f25efbb31900334e40": "The Earth's mantle", + "571ce7f25efbb31900334e41": "mantle", + "571ce7f25efbb31900334e42": "silicates of magnesium and iron", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c4": "monatomic", - "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c5": "one another", - "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c6": "atomic mass of oxygen", - "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c7": "atomic mass of oxygen as 8 times that of hydrogen", + "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c5": "monatomic", + "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c6": "HO", + "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c7": "hydrogen", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c8": "Avogadro's law", - "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0ce": "iron", + "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0ce": "phlogiston", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0cf": "non-combustible substances that corrode, such as iron", - "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d0": "iron, contained very little", + "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d0": "buoyancy", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d1": "metals", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d2": "lighter", - "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d8": "on level of theory", - "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d9": "a covalent double bond that results from the filling of molecular orbitals formed from the atomic orbitals of the individual oxygen atoms", + "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d8": "a covalent double bond", + "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d9": "covalent double bond", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0da": "double bond", - "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0db": "chemically bonded to each other. The bond can be variously described based on level of theory", - "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0dc": "atomic orbitals of the individual oxygen atoms", + "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0db": "chemically bonded to each other", + "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0dc": "filling of molecular orbitals formed from the atomic orbitals of the individual oxygen atoms", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e2": "1777", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e3": "1774", - "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e4": "Joseph Priestley in Wiltshire", + "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e4": "his work", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e5": "Antoine Lavoisier", - "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e6": "oxygen helped to discredit the then-popular phlogiston theory of combustion and corrosion", - "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ec": "triplet oxygen", + "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e6": "phlogiston theory of combustion and corrosion", + "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ec": "degenerate\u2014is a configuration termed a spin triplet state", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ed": "triplet oxygen", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ee": "most organic molecules", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ef": "spontaneous combustion", - "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0f0": "dioxygen", - "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f6": "tin and air were heated in a closed container. He noted that air rushed in when he opened the container", - "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f7": "closed container", - "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f8": "tin and air were heated in a closed container", + "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0f0": "antibonding", + "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f6": "azote", + "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f7": "weight", + "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f8": "weight", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f9": "1777", - "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0fa": "azote (Gk", - "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c100": "Trioxygen", + "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0fa": "azote", + "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c100": "ozone", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c101": "Trioxygen (O\n3) is usually known as ozone and is a very reactive allotrope of oxygen that is damaging to lung tissue", - "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c102": "lung tissue. Ozone is produced in the upper atmosphere when O\n2 combines with atomic oxygen made by the splitting of O\n2 by ultraviolet (UV) radiation", + "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c102": "lung tissue", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c103": "protective radiation shield", - "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c104": "UV region of the spectrum", + "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c104": "O\n2", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10a": "dioxygen, O\n2", - "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10b": "dioxygen", + "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10b": "dioxygen, O\n2", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10c": "dioxygen, O\n2", - "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10d": "dioxygen", - "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10e": "complex forms of life, such as animals, in cellular respiration", + "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10d": "energy content", + "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10e": "cellular respiration", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c114": "James Dewar", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c115": "1891", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c116": "1895", - "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c118": "oxyacetylene welding", + "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c118": "oxyacetylene", "571c96095efbb31900334dbc": "Oxygen", "571c96095efbb31900334dbd": "temperature", - "571c96095efbb31900334dbe": "4.95 mL per liter. At 5 \u00b0C the solubility increases to 9.0 mL (50%", - "571c96095efbb31900334dbf": "temperature-dependent", - "571c96095efbb31900334dc0": "twice as much (14.6 mg\u00b7L\u22121) dissolves at 0 \u00b0C than at 20 \u00b0C", - "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11e": "third", - "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11f": "third most abundant chemical element", + "571c96095efbb31900334dbe": "4.95 mL per liter", + "571c96095efbb31900334dbf": "nitrogen", + "571c96095efbb31900334dc0": "twice as much", + "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11e": "49.2%", + "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11f": "third", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c120": "0.9%", - "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c121": "third most abundant chemical element in the universe, after hydrogen and helium", - "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c122": "ultraviolet radiation impacting oxygen-containing molecules", - "571caac55efbb31900334dc6": "late 19th century", - "571caac55efbb31900334dc7": "compressing and cooling it. Using a cascade method", - "571caac55efbb31900334dc8": "Paul Cailletet", - "571caac55efbb31900334dc9": "a few drops", + "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c121": "world's oceans", + "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c122": "ultraviolet radiation", + "571caac55efbb31900334dc6": "19th century", + "571caac55efbb31900334dc7": "cascade method", + "571caac55efbb31900334dc8": "Louis Paul Cailletet", + "571caac55efbb31900334dc9": "liquid oxygen. Just two days later, French physicist Louis Paul Cailletet announced his own method of liquefying molecular oxygen. Only a few drops", "571caac55efbb31900334dca": "March 29, 1883", - "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd0": "isotope ratios in the Sun, believed to be the same as those of the primordial solar nebula", + "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd0": "the Moon, Mars, and meteorites", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd1": "oxygen-16", - "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd2": "crashed Genesis", - "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd3": "depleted", - "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd4": "Sun", - "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c128": "Singlet oxygen is a name given to several higher-energy species of molecular O\n2", - "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c129": "common organic molecules than is molecular oxygen per se. In nature, singlet oxygen is commonly formed from water during photosynthesis", + "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd2": "crashed Genesis spacecraft", + "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd3": "unknown", + "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd4": "the Sun", + "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c128": "Singlet oxygen", + "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c129": "common organic molecules", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12a": "photosynthesis", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12b": "photolysis of ozone by light of short wavelength", - "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12c": "tissues", + "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12c": "Carotenoids", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c132": "Paleoclimatologists", - "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c133": "oxygen-18 and oxygen-16 in the shells and skeletons of marine organisms to determine what the climate was like millions of years ago", + "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c133": "water molecules of ice core samples", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c134": "12%", - "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c135": "Seawater molecules", - "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c136": "snow and rain", - "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13c": "687", + "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c135": "oxygen-18 into their skeletons and shells", + "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c136": "lower global temperatures", + "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13c": "687 and 760 nm", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13d": "fluorescence", - "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13e": "a satellite platform", - "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13f": "wavelengths 687 and 760 nm", + "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13e": "satellite platform", + "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13f": "global scale", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c140": "remote sensing", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c146": "oxygen", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c147": "liquid oxygen", - "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c148": "O\n2 molecules", - "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c149": "Liquid oxygen", - "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c14a": "negative exchange energy between neighboring O\n2 molecules", - "571cc5c45efbb31900334dda": "peroxide, superoxide, and singlet oxygen to destroy invading microbes", + "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c148": "unpaired electrons", + "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c149": "magnetic field", + "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c14a": "magnet", + "571cc5c45efbb31900334dda": "hydrogen peroxide (H\n2O\n2)", "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddb": "destroy invading microbes", "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddc": "pathogen attack", "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddd": "obligately anaerobic organisms", "571cc5c45efbb31900334dde": "2.5 billion years ago", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de4": "90.20 K", - "571cc6f85efbb31900334de5": "liquefied air", + "571cc6f85efbb31900334de5": "highly reactive substance and must be segregated from combustible materials", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de6": "liquid nitrogen", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de7": "liquid nitrogen", - "571cc6f85efbb31900334de8": "a highly reactive substance", - "571cc8815efbb31900334dee": "the world's water bodies", - "571cc8815efbb31900334def": "lower temperatures", + "571cc6f85efbb31900334de8": "combustible", + "571cc8815efbb31900334dee": "in solution in the world's water bodies", + "571cc8815efbb31900334def": "lower", "571cc8815efbb31900334df0": "higher oxygen content", "571cc8815efbb31900334df2": "algae", - "571cc8815efbb31900334df1": "water quality by measuring the water's biochemical oxygen demand", - "571cca4add7acb1400e4c150": "3.5 billion years ago", - "571cca4add7acb1400e4c151": "Paleoproterozoic", + "571cc8815efbb31900334df1": "O\n2 in eutrophic water bodies. Scientists assess this aspect of water quality by measuring the water's biochemical oxygen demand", + "571cca4add7acb1400e4c150": "about 3.5 billion years ago", + "571cca4add7acb1400e4c151": "Paleoproterozoic eon", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c152": "banded iron formations", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c153": "1.7 billion years ago", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c154": "When such oxygen sinks became saturated, free oxygen began to outgas from the oceans 3\u20132.7 billion years ago", - "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15a": "biosphere, and the lithosphere. The main driving factor of the oxygen cycle is photosynthesis", - "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15b": "biogeochemical", + "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15a": "oxygen cycle", + "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15b": "biogeochemical cycle", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15c": "three", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15d": "photosynthesis", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15e": "oxygen", - "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df8": "gaseous oxygen to be pumped through a pipeline", - "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df9": "90%", - "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfa": "the nitrogen", - "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfb": "Oxygen gas is increasingly obtained by these non-cryogenic", + "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df8": "pressure swing adsorption", + "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df9": "90% to 93% O\n2", + "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfa": "nitrogen", + "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfb": "cryogenic", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfc": "90% to 93% O\n2", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c164": "Oxygen gas", - "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c165": "nearly pure O\n2 gas", + "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c165": "Oxygen gas", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c166": "pure O\n2 gas", - "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c167": "molecular oxygen and hydrogen", - "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c168": "electrolysis of water into molecular oxygen and hydrogen", - "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16e": "recreational use in oxygen bars and in sports", - "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16f": "get a \"boost", - "571cd11add7acb1400e4c170": "pharmacological effect is doubtful; a placebo effect is a more likely explanation. Available studies support a performance boost from enriched O\n2 mixtures", - "571cd11add7acb1400e4c172": "mild euphoric", - "571cd11add7acb1400e4c171": "aerobic", - "571cd3b55efbb31900334e03": "gas gangrene, and decompression sickness", - "571cd3b55efbb31900334e04": "Carbon monoxide poisoning, gas gangrene, and decompression sickness", - "571cd3b55efbb31900334e05": "the anaerobic bacteria", - "571cd3b55efbb31900334e06": "bubbles of inert gas, mostly nitrogen and helium", + "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c167": "electrolysis of water", + "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c168": "chemical oxygen generators or oxygen candles", + "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16e": "recreational", + "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16f": "placebo effect", + "571cd11add7acb1400e4c170": "oxygen masks", + "571cd11add7acb1400e4c172": "placebo effect", + "571cd11add7acb1400e4c171": "aerobic exercise", + "571cd3b55efbb31900334e03": "oxygen chambers", + "571cd3b55efbb31900334e04": "carbon monoxide from the heme group of hemoglobin", + "571cd3b55efbb31900334e05": "anaerobic bacteria", + "571cd3b55efbb31900334e06": "Decompression sickness", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17b": "Oxygen therapy", - "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17a": "secondary effect of decreasing resistance to blood flow in many types of diseased lungs", + "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17a": "oxygen", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c179": "oxygen supplementation", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c178": "respiration", - "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17c": "gaseous oxygen", - "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c182": "electronegativity, oxygen forms chemical bonds with almost all other elements to give corresponding oxides", - "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c183": "oxidized in the presence of air and become coated with a thin film of oxide", - "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c184": "Fe\n1 \u2212 xO", - "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c185": "chemical bonds with almost all other elements to give corresponding oxides. The surface of most metals, such as aluminium and titanium", - "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c186": "thin film of oxide that passivates the metal and slows further corrosion", - "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18d": "pressurized) commercial airplanes have an emergency supply of O\n2 automatically supplied to them in case of cabin depressurization", - "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18e": "Sudden cabin pressure loss activates chemical oxygen generators", - "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18f": "Sudden cabin pressure loss activates chemical oxygen generators", - "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c190": "oxygen gas is then produced by the exothermic reaction", - "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c196": "high pressure oxygen tanks, cryogenics and chemical compounds", - "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c198": "a liquid in specially insulated tankers", - "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c197": "insulated tankers", - "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c199": "liquid in specially insulated tankers", - "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c19a": "Liquid oxygen is passed through heat exchangers", - "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0c": "organic compounds", - "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0d": "organic compounds that contain oxygen are (where \"R\" is an organic group", - "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0e": "different substances", - "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0f": "Epoxides are ethers in which the oxygen atom is part of a ring of three atoms", - "571cdcb85efbb31900334e10": "many different substances. Other important organic compounds", - "571cde695efbb31900334e16": "fats, fatty acids, amino acids", + "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17c": "gaseous oxygen.", + "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c182": "electronegativity", + "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c183": "chemical bonds", + "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c184": "FeO (w\u00fcstite) is written as Fe\n1 \u2212 xO", + "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c185": "chemical bonds", + "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c186": "slows further corrosion", + "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18d": "cabin depressurization", + "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18e": "oxygen masks to drop", + "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18f": "exothermic", + "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c190": "oxygen", + "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c196": "Oxygen storage", + "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c198": "heat exchangers", + "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c197": "liquid in specially insulated tankers", + "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c199": "compressed gas", + "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c19a": "Oxygen storage", + "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0c": "Epoxides are ethers", + "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0d": "Epoxides are ethers", + "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0e": "feeder materials", + "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0f": "Epoxides are ethers", + "571cdcb85efbb31900334e10": "Epoxides are ethers in which the oxygen atom is part of a ring of three atoms", + "571cde695efbb31900334e16": "fats, fatty acids, amino acids, and proteins", "571cde695efbb31900334e17": "a few", - "571cde695efbb31900334e18": "squalene and the carotenes, contain no oxygen. Of the organic compounds with biological relevance, carbohydrates", - "571cde695efbb31900334e19": "All fats, fatty acids, amino acids", + "571cde695efbb31900334e18": "carbohydrates", + "571cde695efbb31900334e19": "ester residues", "571cde695efbb31900334e1a": "phosphate", - "571ce3745efbb31900334e20": "Prolonged breathing of an air mixture with an O\n2 partial pressure more than 60 kPa can eventually lead to permanent pulmonary fibrosis", - "571ce3745efbb31900334e21": "deep scuba diving and surface supplied diving", + "571ce3745efbb31900334e20": "Oxygen toxicity", + "571ce3745efbb31900334e21": "pulmonary fibrosis", "571ce3745efbb31900334e22": "160 kPa", - "571ce3745efbb31900334e23": "Acute oxygen toxicity (causing seizures", + "571ce3745efbb31900334e23": "oxygen toxicity", "571ce3745efbb31900334e24": "seizures", - "571ce5055efbb31900334e2a": "low total pressures", - "571ce5055efbb31900334e2b": "O\n2 partial pressure in the breathing gas", - "571ce5055efbb31900334e2c": "30 kPa (1.4 times", - "571ce5055efbb31900334e2e": "no damage due to the low total pressures", - "571ce5055efbb31900334e2d": "O\n2 partial pressure", - "571ce6655efbb31900334e34": "elevated partial pressures", - "571ce6655efbb31900334e35": "partial pressures", - "571ce6655efbb31900334e36": "about 50% oxygen composition", + "571ce5055efbb31900334e2a": "causes no damage due to the low total pressures used", + "571ce5055efbb31900334e2b": "arterial blood gas", + "571ce5055efbb31900334e2c": "1.4 times", + "571ce5055efbb31900334e2e": "causes no damage", + "571ce5055efbb31900334e2d": "normal sea-level O\n2 partial pressure", + "571ce6655efbb31900334e34": "at elevated partial pressures", + "571ce6655efbb31900334e35": "partial pressures more than 50 kilopascals (kPa)", + "571ce6655efbb31900334e36": "50% oxygen composition at standard pressure", "571ce6655efbb31900334e37": "mechanical ventilators", "571ce6655efbb31900334e38": "30%", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952d": "October 1973", - "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952e": "$12", - "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952f": "October 1973", + "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952e": "US$3 per barrel to nearly $12 globally", + "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952f": "1979", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b89530": "second oil shock", - "5725b33f6a3fe71400b89531": "Syria", + "5725b33f6a3fe71400b89531": "the members of the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd28": "to avoid being targeted by the boycott", - "5725b5a689a1e219009abd29": "multilateral negotiations", + "5725b5a689a1e219009abd29": "multilateral negotiations with the combatants. They arranged for Israel to pull back from the Sinai Peninsula and the Golan Heights", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd2a": "January 18, 1974", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd2b": "March 1974", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4a": "August 15, 1971", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4b": "rise and fall according to market demand", - "5725b76389a1e219009abd4c": "Because oil was priced in dollars, oil producers' real income decreased", + "5725b76389a1e219009abd4c": "increased their reserves (by expanding their money supplies) in amounts far greater than before", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4d": "September 1971", - "5725b76389a1e219009abd4e": "Because oil was priced in dollars, oil producers' real income decreased", + "5725b76389a1e219009abd4e": "real income decreased", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd3": "less than two percent per year", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd4": "1971", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd5": "1973\u20131974", - "5725b92e38643c19005acbd6": "1947 to 1967", + "5725b92e38643c19005acbd6": "oil shock", "5725bad5271a42140099d0bd": "October 6, 1973", "5725bad5271a42140099d0be": "Iran", - "5725bad5271a42140099d0bf": "ten", - "5725bad5271a42140099d0c0": "Iran was the world's second-largest oil exporter", - "5725bad5271a42140099d0c1": "\"Of course [the price of oil", - "5725bcb6271a42140099d0eb": "$5.11 a barrel", + "5725bad5271a42140099d0bf": "Let's say ten times more", + "5725bad5271a42140099d0c0": "Iran", + "5725bad5271a42140099d0c1": "Iran was the world's second-largest oil exporter and a close US ally", + "5725bcb6271a42140099d0eb": "response to American aid to Israel", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ec": "October 16, 1973", - "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ed": "by five percent from September's output", - "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ee": "$1.5 billion", - "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ef": "hostile country\"", + "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ed": "to continue to cut production in five percent monthly increments", + "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ee": "$2.2 billion", + "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ef": "principal hostile country", "57261dab38643c19005ad037": "over 100 billion dollars", - "57261dab38643c19005ad038": "Wahhabism", + "57261dab38643c19005ad038": "Sunni extremist", "57261dab38643c19005ad039": "Middle East", - "57261dab38643c19005ad03a": "higher oil prices and lower prices for their own export commodities, amid shrinking Western demand", + "57261dab38643c19005ad03a": "lower prices for their own export commodities", "57261dab38643c19005ad03b": "Wahhabism", - "57261f9f271a42140099d4a9": "excessive inflation, reduced productivity", - "57261f9f271a42140099d4aa": "USSR", + "57261f9f271a42140099d4a9": "distribution and price disruptions", + "57261f9f271a42140099d4aa": "the USSR", "57261f9f271a42140099d4ab": "1973", - "57261f9f271a42140099d4ac": "Kissinger", - "5726241189a1e219009ac2de": "embargo", + "57261f9f271a42140099d4ac": "Kissinger's dominance", + "5726241189a1e219009ac2de": "The embargo", "5726241189a1e219009ac2df": "automobiles", "5726241189a1e219009ac2e0": "Macroeconomic problems", - "5726241189a1e219009ac2e1": "rugged terrain", + "5726241189a1e219009ac2e1": "Arctic", "5726241189a1e219009ac2e2": "five to ten years", - "5726487b5951b619008f6edd": "Netherlands", - "5726487b5951b619008f6ede": "America to use their airfields and embargoed arms and supplies to both the Arabs and the Israelis", + "5726487b5951b619008f6edd": "the Netherlands", + "5726487b5951b619008f6ede": "Israelis", "5726487b5951b619008f6edf": "UK", - "5726487b5951b619008f6ee0": "Israel", + "5726487b5951b619008f6ee0": "Israelis", "5726487b5951b619008f6ee1": "Ted Heath", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db36": "UK", - "572649d8f1498d1400e8db37": "embargo", - "572649d8f1498d1400e8db38": "1973\u201374", - "572649d8f1498d1400e8db39": "The UK, Germany, Italy, Switzerland and Norway", + "572649d8f1498d1400e8db37": "embargo, the UK nonetheless faced an oil crisis of its own - a series of strikes by coal miners and railroad workers", + "572649d8f1498d1400e8db38": "winter of 1973\u201374", + "572649d8f1498d1400e8db39": "Norway", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db3a": "Sweden", "57264cac708984140094c1b3": "Price controls", - "57264cac708984140094c1b4": "encourage investment", + "57264cac708984140094c1b4": "to encourage investment", "57264cac708984140094c1b5": "greater scarcity", "57264cac708984140094c1b7": "rationing", "57264d9edd62a815002e80fe": "William E. Simon", @@ -3782,63 +3782,63 @@ "572650325951b619008f6fa9": "The energy crisis", "572650325951b619008f6faa": "market and technology realities", "572650325951b619008f6fab": "presidents", - "57265200708984140094c237": "Kuwait, and possibly Abu Dhabi", + "57265200708984140094c237": "U.S.", "57265200708984140094c238": "British Prime Minister Edward Heath", "57265200708984140094c239": "10 years", - "57265200708984140094c23a": "James Schlesinger", + "57265200708984140094c23a": "the Arabs", "57265360dd62a815002e819a": "Japan", "57265360dd62a815002e819b": "71%", - "57265360dd62a815002e819c": "change its noninvolvement policy. It received a 5% production cut in December, causing a panic", + "57265360dd62a815002e819c": "change its noninvolvement policy", "57265360dd62a815002e819d": "November 22", "57265360dd62a815002e819e": "December 25", - "57265526708984140094c2bd": "Afghanistan", - "57265526708984140094c2be": "Saudi Arabia", - "57265526708984140094c2bf": "Saudi Arabia", - "57265526708984140094c2c0": "1979", - "57265526708984140094c2c1": "November 2010", - "5726581fdd62a815002e823a": "large cars. Japanese imports", - "5726581fdd62a815002e823b": "American V8", - "5726581fdd62a815002e823c": "six cylinder engines", + "57265526708984140094c2bd": "USSR", + "57265526708984140094c2be": "Saudi Arabia and Iran", + "57265526708984140094c2bf": "Saudi", + "57265526708984140094c2c0": "January 1979", + "57265526708984140094c2c1": "November 1979", + "5726581fdd62a815002e823a": "large", + "5726581fdd62a815002e823b": "Japanese", + "5726581fdd62a815002e823c": "six cylinder", "5726581fdd62a815002e823d": "Japanese", - "572659535951b619008f703f": "1981", - "572659535951b619008f7040": "Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II", - "572659535951b619008f7041": "Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810", - "572659535951b619008f7042": "Acura, Lexus", - "57265a58dd62a815002e8270": "Datsun Truck", - "57265a58dd62a815002e8271": "Dodge D-50 a few years after the oil crisis", - "57265a58dd62a815002e8272": "Ford, Chrysler, and GM", - "57265a58dd62a815002e8273": "Ford Ranger, Dodge Dakota and the Chevrolet S10/GMC S-15", - "57265bdfdd62a815002e829e": "smaller and fuel-efficient models for domestic sales", - "57265bdfdd62a815002e829f": "four", - "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a0": "1985", - "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a1": "Chevrolet Bel Air, and Ford Galaxie 500", - "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a2": "Chevrolet Bel Air, and Ford Galaxie 500", + "572659535951b619008f703f": "1973 oil crisis", + "572659535951b619008f7040": "Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida", + "572659535951b619008f7041": "passenger space", + "572659535951b619008f7042": "Acura, Lexus and Infiniti", + "57265a58dd62a815002e8270": "Toyota Hilux", + "57265a58dd62a815002e8271": "Dodge D-50", + "57265a58dd62a815002e8272": "GM", + "57265a58dd62a815002e8273": "captive import", + "57265bdfdd62a815002e829e": "increase in imported cars into North America forced General Motors, Ford and Chrysler to introduce smaller and fuel-efficient models for domestic sales", + "57265bdfdd62a815002e829f": "at least four", + "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a0": "1970", + "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a1": "Cadillac DeVille", + "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a2": "Ford Galaxie 500", "57265ceddd62a815002e82b8": "1979", - "57265ceddd62a815002e82b9": "1979", + "57265ceddd62a815002e82b9": "1981", "57265ceddd62a815002e82ba": "1974 Mustang I", "57265e11708984140094c3bb": "1981", - "57265e11708984140094c3bc": "1979 energy crisis at nearly $40 per barrel, decreased during the 1980s", - "57265e11708984140094c3bd": "recover market share", + "57265e11708984140094c3bc": "1980s", + "57265e11708984140094c3bd": "trying to recover market share, increased production, pushing prices down", "57265e11708984140094c3be": "$40 per barrel", "5725b41838643c19005acb7f": "one-man Project Mercury", - "5725b41838643c19005acb80": "Project Apollo, was the third United States human spaceflight program carried out by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration", + "5725b41838643c19005acb80": "Project Apollo", "5725b41838643c19005acb81": "1968", "5725b41838643c19005acb82": "John F. Kennedy", "5725b41838643c19005acb83": "two", - "5725b56589a1e219009abd20": "concurrently with it from 1962 to 1966", - "5725b56589a1e219009abd21": "Gemini missions", + "5725b56589a1e219009abd20": "1961 to 1972", + "5725b56589a1e219009abd21": "two-man Gemini", "5725b56589a1e219009abd22": "Soviet Union", "5725b56589a1e219009abd23": "Skylab", "5725b64d89a1e219009abd40": "1967", - "5725b64d89a1e219009abd41": "oxygen tank explosion", + "5725b64d89a1e219009abd41": "prelaunch test", "5725b64d89a1e219009abd42": "Budget cuts", "5725b64d89a1e219009abd43": "Five", - "5725b64d89a1e219009abd44": "oxygen tank explosion", + "5725b64d89a1e219009abd44": "Apollo 13 landing was prevented by an oxygen tank explosion", "5725b77889a1e219009abd54": "Apollo 8", - "5725b77889a1e219009abd55": "low Earth orbit", - "5725b77889a1e219009abd56": "382", + "5725b77889a1e219009abd55": "final Apollo 17", + "5725b77889a1e219009abd56": "842 pounds", "5725b77889a1e219009abd57": "technology incidental to rocketry and manned spaceflight, including avionics, telecommunications, and computers", - "5725b888ec44d21400f3d453": "three", + "5725b888ec44d21400f3d453": "one", "5725b888ec44d21400f3d454": "three", "5725b888ec44d21400f3d455": "Abe Silverstein", "5725b888ec44d21400f3d457": "lunar landings", @@ -3849,381 +3849,381 @@ "5725ba5038643c19005acbea": "Hugh L. Dryden", "5725bb34271a42140099d0c7": "John F. Kennedy", "5725bb34271a42140099d0c8": "Soviet Union", - "5725bb34271a42140099d0c9": "massive financial commitment", + "5725bb34271a42140099d0c9": "massive financial commitment required by a manned Moon landing", "5725bb34271a42140099d0ca": "James E. Webb", "5725bb34271a42140099d0cb": "missile gap", "5725bc7138643c19005acc1d": "Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin", - "5725bc7138643c19005acc1e": "Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin", - "5725bc7138643c19005acc1f": "one day", - "5725bc7138643c19005acc20": "a crash program aimed at ensuring that America would catch up. Kennedy was circumspect in his response to the news", + "5725bc7138643c19005acc1e": "American", + "5725bc7138643c19005acc1f": "one", + "5725bc7138643c19005acc20": "circumspect", "5725bd4b38643c19005acc31": "April 20", "5725bd4b38643c19005acc32": "Lyndon B. Johnson", "5725bd4b38643c19005acc33": "approximately one week", - "5725bd4b38643c19005acc34": "Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson, asking Johnson to look into the status of America's space program", + "5725bd4b38643c19005acc34": "\"we are neither making maximum effort nor achieving results necessary if this country is to reach a position of leadership.\"", "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a5": "Robert R. Gilruth", "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a6": "Langley Research Center", - "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a7": "Langley Research Center", + "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a7": "Houston, Texas", "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a8": "Rice University", "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a9": "Florida", - "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdce": "north of Canaveral at Merritt Island", + "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdce": "Merritt Island", "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdcf": "Kurt H. Debus", - "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdd0": "a Launch Operations Center", + "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdd0": "first Director", "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdd1": "Kennedy", "5725c01389a1e219009abdd7": "three", "5725c01389a1e219009abdd8": "Apollo", - "5725c01389a1e219009abdd9": "250,000", - "5725c01389a1e219009abdd6": "130 million cubic foot (3.7 million cubic meter", + "5725c01389a1e219009abdd9": "250,000 feet", + "5725c01389a1e219009abdd6": "130 million cubic foot", "5725c123271a42140099d131": "Dr. George E. Mueller", "5725c123271a42140099d132": "July 23, 1963", - "5725c123271a42140099d133": "Robert Seamans", - "5725c123271a42140099d134": "Marshall Space Flight Center (von Braun) and the Launch Operations Center (Debus) effectively reported to Mueller", - "5725c2a038643c19005acc6b": "OMSF program controller", + "5725c123271a42140099d133": "D. Brainerd Holmes", + "5725c123271a42140099d134": "Mueller", + "5725c2a038643c19005acc6b": "skilled managers could be found among high-ranking officers in the United States Air Force", "5725c2a038643c19005acc6c": "United States Air Force", "5725c2a038643c19005acc6d": "Samuel C. Phillips", - "5725c2a038643c19005acc6e": "from January 1964", + "5725c2a038643c19005acc6e": "January 1964", "5725c2a038643c19005acc6f": "Apollo Program Director", "5725c4c289a1e219009abe44": "a rendezvous \u2014let alone a docking", "5725c4c289a1e219009abe45": "1961", "5725c4c289a1e219009abe46": "Robert Seamans", "5725c604271a42140099d185": "Nicholas E. Golovin", "5725c604271a42140099d186": "July 1961", - "5725c604271a42140099d187": "Marshall Space Flight Center", + "5725c604271a42140099d187": "the Manned Spacecraft Center", "5725c604271a42140099d188": "Joseph Shea", - "5725c604271a42140099d189": "NASA's mission mode decision", + "5725c604271a42140099d189": "Marshall Space Flight Center", "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d531": "Jerome Wiesner", "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d532": "Golovin", "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d533": "NASA", "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d534": "July 11, 1962", "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a1": "Wiesner", - "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a2": "No, that's no good\"", - "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a3": "Lunar Excursion Module", + "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a2": "No, that's no good", + "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a3": "that's no good", "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a4": "Grumman", - "5725c948ec44d21400f3d577": "allowing the lander spacecraft to be used as a \"lifeboat\"", - "5725c948ec44d21400f3d578": "\"lifeboat\"", - "5725c948ec44d21400f3d579": "electrical power", + "5725c948ec44d21400f3d577": "allowing the lander spacecraft to be used", + "5725c948ec44d21400f3d578": "lifeboat\" in the event of a failure of the command ship", + "5725c948ec44d21400f3d579": "propulsion, electrical power and life support", "5725c948ec44d21400f3d57a": "1964", "5725ca35271a42140099d1c1": "cone-shaped", "5725ca35271a42140099d1c2": "Command/Service Module", "5725ca35271a42140099d1c3": "two", "5725cb4a89a1e219009abec8": "three", - "5725cb4a89a1e219009abec9": "Command Module (CM) was the conical crew cabin", + "5725cb4a89a1e219009abec9": "ocean landing", "5725cb4a89a1e219009abeca": "ablative heat shield", "5725cb4a89a1e219009abecb": "Parachutes", "5725cb4a89a1e219009abecc": "12,250 pounds", - "5725cc2038643c19005acd1b": "liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen reactants", - "5725cc2038643c19005acd1c": "high-gain S-band", - "5725cc2038643c19005acd1d": "extended lunar missions, an orbital scientific instrument package was carried. The Service Module was discarded just before re-entry", + "5725cc2038643c19005acd1b": "cylindrical Service Module (SM)", + "5725cc2038643c19005acd1c": "S-band", + "5725cc2038643c19005acd1d": "an orbital scientific instrument package was carried. The Service Module was discarded", "5725cc2038643c19005acd1e": "51,300", "5725cc2038643c19005acd1f": "an orbital scientific instrument package", "5725cda338643c19005acd3f": "North American Aviation", "5725cda338643c19005acd40": "twice", "5725cda338643c19005acd41": "1964", - "5725cda338643c19005acd42": "CSM", + "5725cda338643c19005acd42": "Saturn V", "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0a": "two", - "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0b": "fly through the Earth's atmosphere or return to Earth, its fuselage", + "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0b": "Not designed to fly", "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0d": "33,300 pounds", "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0e": "3 days", - "5725d01989a1e219009abf28": "Wernher von Braun and his team of rocket engineers", + "5725d01989a1e219009abf28": "Wernher von Braun", "5725d01989a1e219009abf29": "the Army", "5725d01989a1e219009abf2b": "June 11, 1962", - "5725d0e3271a42140099d235": "water", + "5725d0e3271a42140099d235": "dummy upper stages filled with water", "5725d0e3271a42140099d236": "1964 and 1965", - "5725d0e3271a42140099d237": "dummy upper stages filled with water", - "5725d0e3271a42140099d238": "translunar environment", - "5725d2ef271a42140099d255": "The Saturn IB", - "5725d2ef271a42140099d256": "1,600,000 pounds-force", - "5725d2ef271a42140099d257": "third", + "5725d0e3271a42140099d237": "Pegasus satellites", + "5725d0e3271a42140099d238": "translunar environment by measuring the frequency and severity of micrometeorite", + "5725d2ef271a42140099d255": "Saturn IB", + "5725d2ef271a42140099d256": "200,000 lbf (890 kN)", + "5725d2ef271a42140099d257": "third stage", "5725d2ef271a42140099d258": "40,000 pounds", "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65b": "Saturn V", - "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65c": "10.1 m", + "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65c": "33", "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65d": "three", "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65e": "burned liquid hydrogen", - "5725d51589a1e219009abf6e": "Mercury and Gemini veterans", - "5725d51589a1e219009abf6f": "two landings on Apollo 11 and Apollo 12, included at least two", - "5725d51589a1e219009abf70": "Harrison Schmitt", - "5725d51589a1e219009abf71": "NASA scientist astronaut to fly in space, and landed on the Moon on the last mission", - "5725d51589a1e219009abf72": "astronaut groups. All missions were commanded by Gemini or Mercury veterans", + "5725d51589a1e219009abf6e": "Project Mercury and Gemini veterans", + "5725d51589a1e219009abf6f": "two", + "5725d51589a1e219009abf70": "Dr. Harrison Schmitt", + "5725d51589a1e219009abf71": "Apollo 17", + "5725d51589a1e219009abf72": "Gemini veterans", "5725d61038643c19005acdd3": "32", "5725d61038643c19005acdd4": "Distinguished Service Medal", "5725d61038643c19005acdd5": "1969", - "5725d61038643c19005acdd6": "awarded posthumously to Grissom, White, and Chaffee in 1969, then to the crews of all missions from Apollo 8 onward", - "5725d61038643c19005acdd7": "Apollo 8 onward", + "5725d61038643c19005acdd6": "discipline problems with the Flight Director's orders during their flight", + "5725d61038643c19005acdd7": "Apollo 8", "5725d6cb38643c19005acde7": "1966", - "5725d6cb38643c19005acde8": "265.7 nautical miles", + "5725d6cb38643c19005acde8": "617.1 nautical miles", "5725d6cb38643c19005acde9": "617.1 nautical miles", - "5725d6cb38643c19005acdea": "Command Module heat shield", - "5725d79e89a1e219009abf90": "a crew would fly the first Block II CSM and LM in a dual mission known as AS-207/208, or AS-278", - "5725d79e89a1e219009abf91": "a new Apollo spacesuit", - "5725d79e89a1e219009abf92": "greater visibility", - "5725d79e89a1e219009abf93": "CSM and LM in a dual mission known as AS-207/208, or AS-278", - "5725d79e89a1e219009abf94": "AS-278", - "5725d8a3271a42140099d28f": "Mercury astronaut who became Director of Flight Crew Operations for the Gemini and Apollo programs", - "5725d8a3271a42140099d290": "Gemini and Apollo programs", + "5725d6cb38643c19005acdea": "Service Module engine and the Command Module heat shield", + "5725d79e89a1e219009abf90": "278", + "5725d79e89a1e219009abf91": "Apollo spacesuit", + "5725d79e89a1e219009abf92": "lunar extravehicular activity (EVA). The traditional visor helmet", + "5725d79e89a1e219009abf93": "water-cooled", + "5725d79e89a1e219009abf94": "Lunar Module Pilot", + "5725d8a3271a42140099d28f": "Deke Slayton", + "5725d8a3271a42140099d290": "Gemini and Apollo", "5725d8a3271a42140099d291": "1966", "5725d8a3271a42140099d292": "Donn F. Eisele", - "5725d8a3271a42140099d293": "KC135 weightlessness training aircraft", + "5725d8a3271a42140099d293": "Slayton", "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69b": "canceled", "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69c": "August 1967", "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69d": "Saturn IB", "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69e": "Saturn IB", - "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ab": "George Mueller to appoint program director Samuel Phillips", - "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ac": "tiger team\" to investigate North American's problems and identify corrections. Phillips documented his findings in a December 19 letter to NAA president Lee Atwood", + "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ab": "Samuel Phillips", + "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ac": "tiger team", "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ad": "1967", "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ae": "George Mueller", - "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6bd": "North American", + "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6bd": "North American, and in the altitude chamber", "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6be": "Grissom, White, and Chaffee", - "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6bf": "a launch countdown on LC-34 with the spacecraft transferring from pad-supplied to internal power", - "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6c0": "North American", + "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6bf": "a launch countdown", + "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6c0": "altitude chamber", "5725dc1638643c19005ace01": "strange odor in their spacesuits", "5725dc1638643c19005ace02": "January 27, 1967", - "5725dc1638643c19005ace03": "strange odor in their spacesuits, which delayed the sealing of the hatch", - "5725dc1638643c19005ace04": "delayed the sealing of the hatch. Then, communications problems frustrated the astronauts and forced a hold in the simulated countdown", - "5725dc1638643c19005ace05": "100% oxygen atmosphere", + "5725dc1638643c19005ace03": "sealing of the hatch", + "5725dc1638643c19005ace04": "asphyxiated", + "5725dc1638643c19005ace05": "electrical", "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe2": "houses of Congress", - "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe3": "deficiencies existed in Command Module design, workmanship and quality control", + "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe3": "Harrison Storms", "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe4": "George Low", - "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe5": "deficiencies existed in Command Module design, workmanship and quality control", - "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6ed": "nitrogen/oxygen mixture", + "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe5": "immediately convened an accident review board, overseen by both houses of Congress. While the determination of responsibility for the accident was complex", + "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6ed": "nitrogen", "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6ee": "flammable cabin and space suit materials", - "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6ef": "plug-type hatch", - "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6f0": "removal of flammable cabin and space suit materials. The Block II design already called for replacement of the Block I plug-type hatch", - "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6f1": "fire-resistant Block II", - "5725df1838643c19005ace15": "Saturn V validation", - "5725df1838643c19005ace16": "lunar landing", - "5725df1838643c19005ace17": "letters were used instead of numbers", - "5725e08389a1e219009ac010": "AS-501", - "5725e08389a1e219009ac011": "simulated direct-return abort", + "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6ef": "Block I plug-type hatch", + "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6f0": "removal of flammable cabin and space suit materials", + "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6f1": "modified, fire-resistant Block II", + "5725df1838643c19005ace15": "unmanned Saturn V validation", + "5725df1838643c19005ace16": "Each step had to be successfully", + "5725df1838643c19005ace17": "letters", + "5725e08389a1e219009ac010": "fly men", + "5725e08389a1e219009ac011": "Saturn V ready to fly men", "5725e08389a1e219009ac012": "April 4, 1968", - "5725e08389a1e219009ac013": "ram it into the atmosphere at higher than the usual Earth-orbital reentry speed", + "5725e08389a1e219009ac013": "a third unmanned test", "5725e152271a42140099d2cd": "Apollo 5", "5725e152271a42140099d2ce": "pad 37", - "5725e152271a42140099d2cf": "Grumman", - "5725e152271a42140099d2d0": "successfully test-fired", - "5725e152271a42140099d2d1": "a \"fire-in-the-hole", - "5725e28f38643c19005ace23": "Saturn V on another simple Earth-orbiting mission, ASPO Manager George Low suggested the bold step of sending Apollo 8 to orbit the Moon", - "5725e28f38643c19005ace24": "Apollo 8", + "5725e152271a42140099d2cf": "George Low", + "5725e152271a42140099d2d0": "test-fired", + "5725e152271a42140099d2d1": "fire-in-the-hole", + "5725e28f38643c19005ace23": "Saturn V instead of two Saturn IBs", + "5725e28f38643c19005ace24": "Zond 5", "5725e28f38643c19005ace25": "Christmas Eve", - "5725e28f38643c19005ace26": "the bold step of sending Apollo 8 to orbit the Moon", + "5725e28f38643c19005ace26": "Saturn V", "5725e28f38643c19005ace27": "animals", - "5725e36f89a1e219009ac038": "The G mission", + "5725e36f89a1e219009ac038": "G mission", "5725e36f89a1e219009ac039": "July 1969", "5725e36f89a1e219009ac03a": "black-and-white television", "5725e36f89a1e219009ac03b": "Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins and Buzz Aldrin", "5725e36f89a1e219009ac03c": "July 24", - "5725e44238643c19005ace35": "Ocean of Storms", - "5725e44238643c19005ace36": "Surveyor 3 unmanned lunar probe", - "5725e44238643c19005ace37": "removed some parts", - "5725e44238643c19005ace38": "accidentally", + "5725e44238643c19005ace35": "Apollo 12 within walking distance of the Surveyor 3", + "5725e44238643c19005ace36": "3", + "5725e44238643c19005ace37": "removed some parts which they returned to Earth", + "5725e44238643c19005ace38": "when accidentally pointed into the Sun", "5725e547ec44d21400f3d71f": "Lunar Roving Vehicle", - "5725e547ec44d21400f3d720": "the Block II spacesuit", + "5725e547ec44d21400f3d720": "Block II spacesuit", "5725e547ec44d21400f3d721": "eight", "5725e547ec44d21400f3d722": "three days", - "5725e547ec44d21400f3d723": "mass of the CSM and LM for the last five missions", + "5725e547ec44d21400f3d723": "mass", "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d729": "a liquid oxygen tank exploded", - "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72a": "a single veteran as Commander, with two rookies", - "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72b": "two days out, a liquid oxygen tank exploded", - "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72c": "the oxygen tank", + "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72a": "rookies", + "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72b": "a liquid oxygen tank exploded", + "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72c": "oxygen tank", "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72d": "April 1970", - "5725e95f89a1e219009ac086": "NASA also had to make funds available for the development of the upcoming Space Shuttle", - "5725e95f89a1e219009ac087": "shrink", - "5725e95f89a1e219009ac088": "upcoming Space Shuttle", + "5725e95f89a1e219009ac086": "Space Shuttle", + "5725e95f89a1e219009ac087": "shrink in light", + "5725e95f89a1e219009ac088": "became museum exhibits", "5725e95f89a1e219009ac089": "1971", - "5725ea6889a1e219009ac09e": "extremely old compared to rocks found on Earth, as measured by radiometric dating techniques", - "5725ea6889a1e219009ac09f": "4.6 billion years", - "5725ea6889a1e219009ac0a0": "geochemical component called KREEP", + "5725ea6889a1e219009ac09e": "extremely old", + "5725ea6889a1e219009ac09f": "about 3.2 billion years", + "5725ea6889a1e219009ac0a0": "KREEP", "5725ea6889a1e219009ac0a1": "Genesis Rock", - "5725eb8a38643c19005ace7f": "micrometeoroid impact craters", - "5725eb8a38643c19005ace80": "signs of being subjected to high pressure shock waves", - "5725eb8a38643c19005ace81": "impact melt (materials melted near an impact crater", + "5725eb8a38643c19005ace7f": "thick", + "5725eb8a38643c19005ace80": "impact process effects", + "5725eb8a38643c19005ace81": "impact crater", "5725ec7538643c19005ace8f": "$170 billion", "5725ec7538643c19005ace90": "15", "5725ec7538643c19005ace91": "$20.4 billion", - "5725ee6438643c19005aceb3": "The Apollo Extension Series", - "5725ee6438643c19005aceb4": "orbital workshop to be built in orbit from an empty S-IVB Saturn upper stage", - "5725ee6438643c19005aceb5": "solar telescope observatory", + "5725ee6438643c19005aceb3": "Apollo Extension Series", + "5725ee6438643c19005aceb4": "Apollo Applications Program", + "5725ee6438643c19005aceb5": "Saturn", "5725ef6838643c19005acece": "1973", - "5725ef6838643c19005acecf": "two lower stages of a Saturn V. It was equipped with an Apollo Telescope Mount", - "5725ef6838643c19005aced0": "February 8, 1974", - "5725ef6838643c19005aced1": "an Apollo Telescope Mount, the solar telescope", - "5725f07f89a1e219009ac0be": "NASA's robotic Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter", - "5725f07f89a1e219009ac0bf": "lunar surface", + "5725ef6838643c19005acecf": "complete on the ground", + "5725ef6838643c19005aced0": "1979", + "5725ef6838643c19005aced1": "Apollo Telescope Mount", + "5725f07f89a1e219009ac0be": "SELENE probe", + "5725f07f89a1e219009ac0bf": "lunar orbit", "5725f07f89a1e219009ac0c0": "unknown", "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0cc": "Apollo 8", - "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0cd": "the creation story in the Book of Genesis", + "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0cd": "Book of Genesis", "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0ce": "one-quarter", - "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0cf": "one-quarter of the population of the world saw\u2014either live or delayed", - "5725f239271a42140099d35d": "Apollo TV camera", - "5725f239271a42140099d35e": "lunar footage that had to be converted for the live television broadcast and stored on magnetic telemetry tapes", + "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0cf": "troubled year for the US, marked by Vietnam War protests", + "5725f239271a42140099d35d": "Apollo TV", + "5725f239271a42140099d35e": "incompatible", "5725f239271a42140099d35f": "a magnetic tape shortage", - "5725f239271a42140099d360": "Stan Lebar", - "5725f239271a42140099d361": "Stan Lebar", + "5725f239271a42140099d360": "satellite data", + "5725f239271a42140099d361": "Nafzger", "5725f39638643c19005acef7": "Nafzger", - "5725f39638643c19005acef8": "The video was processed to remove random noise", - "5725f39638643c19005acef9": "kinescope", - "5725f39638643c19005acefa": "Nafzger", - "5725f39638643c19005acefb": "Johnson Space Center", + "5725f39638643c19005acef8": "The video was processed to remove random noise and camera shake without destroying historical legitimacy", + "5725f39638643c19005acef9": "CBS News archive, and kinescope recordings", + "5725f39638643c19005acefa": "Lowry Digital", + "5725f39638643c19005acefb": "The restored video, remaining in black and white, contains conservative digital enhancements and did not include sound quality improvements.", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5c": "primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", - "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5d": "a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives", - "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5e": "the Treaties establishing the European Union", - "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5f": "the Treaties establishing the European Union", - "5725b7f389a1e219009abd60": "primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", - "5725c28a271a42140099d14d": "a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives", + "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5d": "a body of treaties and legislation", + "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5e": "Treaties establishing the European Union", + "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5f": "Treaties establishing the European Union", + "5725b7f389a1e219009abd60": "European Parliament and the Council of the European Union", + "5725c28a271a42140099d14d": "a body of treaties and legislation", "5725c28a271a42140099d14e": "direct effect or indirect effect", "5725c28a271a42140099d14f": "primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", - "5725c28a271a42140099d150": "the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations and directives", + "5725c28a271a42140099d150": "European Parliament and the Council of the European Union", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f0": "primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", - "57268b43dd62a815002e88f1": "the Treaties establishing the European Union", - "57268b43dd62a815002e88f2": "the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union", + "57268b43dd62a815002e88f1": "Treaties establishing the European Union", + "57268b43dd62a815002e88f2": "European Parliament and the Council of the European Union", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f3": "three", - "5725bbec271a42140099d0d1": "the courts of member states", + "5725bbec271a42140099d0d1": "the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d2": "the courts of member states", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d3": "the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d4": "The European Court of Justice", - "5725bbec271a42140099d0d5": "the Court of Justice", + "5725bbec271a42140099d0d5": "case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d503": "the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d504": "the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d505": "The European Court of Justice", - "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d506": "the Court of Justice", + "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d506": "case law by the Court of Justice", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890a": "the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890b": "the courts of member states", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890c": "The European Court of Justice", - "57268bf9dd62a815002e890d": "the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law", - "5725c743ec44d21400f3d549": "The EU's primary constitutional sources", + "57268bf9dd62a815002e890d": "case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law", + "5725c743ec44d21400f3d549": "the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54a": "The European Commission", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54b": "citizens", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54c": "The European Court of Justice", - "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54d": "The European Court of Justice", - "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb4": "TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). The Treaties", - "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb5": "Gibraltar and Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon", - "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb6": "formal and substantive provisions", + "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54d": "European Council", + "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb4": "TEU", + "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb5": "certain regions", + "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb6": "can interpret the Treaties", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb7": "external relations", - "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb8": "as they enter into force, unless stated otherwise, and are generally concluded for an unlimited period", - "57268d2ddd62a815002e894e": "\"core\" treaties being the Treaty on European Union", + "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb8": "as soon as they enter into force", + "57268d2ddd62a815002e894e": "the Treaty on European Union (TEU", "57268d2ddd62a815002e894f": "Gibraltar and the \u00c5land islands", - "57268d2ddd62a815002e8950": "as they enter into force, unless stated otherwise, and are generally concluded for an unlimited period", - "57268d2ddd62a815002e8951": "the European Union", - "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bb": "common rules for coal and steel, and then atomic energy", - "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bc": "coal and steel, and then atomic energy, but more complete and formal institutions were established through the Treaty of Rome 1957", - "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bd": "1979, Spain and Portugal 1985, Austria, Finland, Norway and Sweden in 1994", - "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5be": "1979, Spain and Portugal 1985, Austria, Finland, Norway and Sweden in 1994", + "57268d2ddd62a815002e8950": "as soon as they enter into force", + "57268d2ddd62a815002e8951": "The Court of Justice of the European Union", + "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bb": "with common rules for coal and steel, and then atomic energy", + "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bc": "Treaty of Rome 1957 and the Maastricht Treaty 1992", + "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bd": "1979,", + "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5be": "Norway did not end up joining", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bf": "Greenland", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b0": "common rules for coal and steel, and then atomic energy", - "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b1": "1985", + "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b1": "1992", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b2": "1986", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b3": "1972", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b4": "1985", "57264865dd62a815002e8062": "Following the Nice Treaty", - "57264865dd62a815002e8063": "France and the referendum in the Netherlands", - "57264865dd62a815002e8064": "very similar", - "57264865dd62a815002e8065": "amending treaty", - "57264865dd62a815002e8066": "it significantly altered the existing treaties \u2013 it did not completely replace them", + "57264865dd62a815002e8063": "the Netherlands", + "57264865dd62a815002e8064": "Its substance was very similar", + "57264865dd62a815002e8065": "an amending treaty", + "57264865dd62a815002e8066": "did not completely replace", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c4": "the constitutional law of the European Union", - "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c5": "make it more transparent", - "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c6": "the Lisbon Treaty", - "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c7": "Lisbon Treaty", + "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c5": "it did not completely replace them", + "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c6": "the referendum in France and the referendum in the Netherlands", + "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c7": "the Nice Treaty", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808c": "The European Commission", - "57264a8cdd62a815002e808d": "Jean-Claude Juncker", + "57264a8cdd62a815002e808d": "the Council is the \"de facto catalyst of many legislative initiatives\". The Parliament", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808e": "Jean-Claude Juncker", - "57264a8cdd62a815002e808f": "28", - "57264a8cdd62a815002e8090": "Jean-Claude Juncker", + "57264a8cdd62a815002e808f": "one", + "57264a8cdd62a815002e8090": "Federica Mogherini", "572691545951b619008f76e1": "Article 17", "572691545951b619008f76e2": "Jean-Claude Juncker", - "572691545951b619008f76e3": "a simple majority vote", + "572691545951b619008f76e3": "by a simple majority vote", "572691545951b619008f76e4": "Ireland", - "572691545951b619008f76e5": "Commission's President", - "57264e455951b619008f6f65": "the Santer Commission", - "57264e455951b619008f6f66": "Commission v Edith Cresson", - "57264e455951b619008f6f67": "John Dalli", - "57264e455951b619008f6f68": "John Dalli", - "57264e455951b619008f6f69": "ECB meetings, but do not have voting rights", + "572691545951b619008f76e5": "The Commission's President", + "57264e455951b619008f6f65": "Santer Commission", + "57264e455951b619008f6f66": "a Commissioner giving her dentist a job, for which he was clearly unqualified, did in fact not break any law", + "57264e455951b619008f6f67": "a Committee of Independent Experts", + "57264e455951b619008f6f68": "Commission v Edith Cresson", + "57264e455951b619008f6f69": "do not have voting rights", "5726926a5951b619008f7709": "1999", - "5726926a5951b619008f770a": "corruption allegations", + "5726926a5951b619008f770a": "Edith Cresson", "5726926a5951b619008f770b": "a Committee of Independent Experts", "5726926a5951b619008f770c": "European Anti-fraud Office", "5726926a5951b619008f770d": "2012", - "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbee": "European Parliament", - "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbef": "consultation rights", - "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf0": "five years", - "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf1": "two-thirds", - "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf2": "the Commission must genuinely follow. However its role participation in the legislative process still remains limited because no member can actually or pass legislation without the Commission and Council", - "5726938af1498d1400e8e446": "the Commission", - "5726938af1498d1400e8e447": "European Union", + "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbee": "European Parliament and the Council of the European Union", + "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbef": "pass legislation without the Commission and Council", + "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf0": "every five years", + "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf1": "two-thirds majority", + "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf2": "Commission and Council", + "5726938af1498d1400e8e446": "European Parliament and the Council of the European Union", + "5726938af1498d1400e8e447": "European Parliament and the Council of the European Union", "5726938af1498d1400e8e448": "1979", - "5726938af1498d1400e8e449": "five years", - "5726938af1498d1400e8e44a": "European People's Party", - "5726545f708984140094c2a5": "different ministers of the member states", - "5726545f708984140094c2a6": "Donald Tusk", + "5726938af1498d1400e8e449": "every five years", + "5726938af1498d1400e8e44a": "the conservative European People's Party", + "5726545f708984140094c2a5": "ministers of the member states", + "5726545f708984140094c2a6": "Poland Prime Minister Donald Tusk", "5726545f708984140094c2a7": "352 votes", - "5726545f708984140094c2a8": "352 votes", - "5726545f708984140094c2a9": "74 per cent, or 260", + "5726545f708984140094c2a8": "352", + "5726545f708984140094c2a9": "260", "57269424dd62a815002e8a1e": "the Council", "57269424dd62a815002e8a1f": "six months", "57269424dd62a815002e8a20": "352", - "57269424dd62a815002e8a21": "European Council", - "572656e4dd62a815002e81fa": "a majority of all MEPs", - "572656e4dd62a815002e81fb": "a majority of all MEPs (not just those present) to block or suggest changes, and the Council must vote by qualified majority", - "572656e4dd62a815002e81fc": "EU law than stay the same", - "572656e4dd62a815002e81fd": "Commission at the outset before any proposals start the legislative procedure. The EU as a whole can only act within its power set out in the Treaties", - "572656e4dd62a815002e81fe": "the Court of Justice", - "572695285951b619008f774b": "294", + "57269424dd62a815002e8a21": "most acts there must be a qualified majority vote, if not consensus", + "572656e4dd62a815002e81fa": "by a majority of all MEPs (not just those present) to block or suggest changes, and the Council must vote by qualified majority", + "572656e4dd62a815002e81fb": "qualified majority", + "572656e4dd62a815002e81fc": "harder", + "572656e4dd62a815002e81fd": "TEU articles 4 and 5", + "572656e4dd62a815002e81fe": "Many member state courts believe they decide, other member state Parliaments believe they decide, while within the EU, the Court of Justice", + "572695285951b619008f774b": "article 294", "572695285951b619008f774c": "unanimity to block Commission amendment", - "572695285951b619008f774d": "Commission at the outset before any proposals start the legislative procedure. The EU as a whole can only act within its power set out in the Treaties", + "572695285951b619008f774d": "TEU articles 4 and 5", "572695285951b619008f774e": "Conciliation Committee", - "572658435951b619008f7025": "The judicial branch", - "572658435951b619008f7026": "CJEU", + "572658435951b619008f7025": "judicial", + "572658435951b619008f7026": "Court of Justice", "572658435951b619008f7027": "28", - "572658435951b619008f7028": "English Court of Appeal", - "572658435951b619008f7029": "ensure that in the interpretation and application of the Treaties", - "5726965ef1498d1400e8e484": "assuming the task of interpreting the treaties, and accelerating economic and political integration", - "5726965ef1498d1400e8e485": "CJEU", - "5726965ef1498d1400e8e486": "General Court", + "572658435951b619008f7028": "member state courts", + "572658435951b619008f7029": "to \"ensure that in the interpretation and application of the Treaties", + "5726965ef1498d1400e8e484": "by assuming the task of interpreting the treaties", + "5726965ef1498d1400e8e485": "Court of Justice of the European Union", + "5726965ef1498d1400e8e486": "Civil Service Tribunal", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e487": "three years", - "5726965ef1498d1400e8e488": "ensure that in the interpretation and application of the Treaties", - "57265e455951b619008f70bb": "Treaty", - "57265e455951b619008f70bc": "no way prevented energy nationalisation", + "5726965ef1498d1400e8e488": "to \"ensure that in the interpretation and application of the Treaties", + "57265e455951b619008f70bb": "the Court of Justice", + "57265e455951b619008f70bc": "the nationalisation law was from 1962", "57265e455951b619008f70bd": "1964 and 1968", "5726975c708984140094cb1f": "European Court of Justice and the highest national courts", "5726975c708984140094cb20": "1964", - "5726975c708984140094cb21": "Costa had no claim. By contrast, the Court of Justice held that ultimately the Treaty of Rome in no way prevented energy nationalisation", - "572699db5951b619008f7799": "EU law takes primacy over national law where this agreed in the Treaties", + "5726975c708984140094cb21": "Court of Justice", + "572699db5951b619008f7799": "EU law", "572699db5951b619008f779a": "foundational constitutional questions affecting democracy and human rights", "572699db5951b619008f779b": "1972", "572699db5951b619008f779d": "ultimate authority of member states", - "572699db5951b619008f779c": "democracy", - "57269aa65951b619008f77ab": "general legal right or \"standing\" (locus standi", + "572699db5951b619008f779c": "democracy, the rule of law and the social state principles", + "57269aa65951b619008f77ab": "administrative law", "57269aa65951b619008f77ac": "1986", - "57269aa65951b619008f77ad": "proportionality", - "57269aa65951b619008f77ae": "European Union", - "57269bb8708984140094cb95": "EU Regulations", - "57269bb8708984140094cb96": "Van Gend en Loos could recover the money it paid for the tariff. EU Regulations", - "57269bb8708984140094cb97": "a postal company", - "57269bb8708984140094cb98": "Treaty provisions in this sense, because as TFEU article 288 states", - "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b12": "Directives do not generally give citizens (as opposed to the member state", - "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b13": "4 weeks", - "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b14": "4 weeks paid holidays each year, but most member states require more than 28 days", + "57269aa65951b619008f77ad": "general principles of law, or fundamental rights are engaged", + "57269aa65951b619008f77ae": "constitutional law", + "57269bb8708984140094cb95": "Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen", + "57269bb8708984140094cb96": "Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen", + "57269bb8708984140094cb97": "postal company", + "57269bb8708984140094cb98": "Treaty provisions", + "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b12": "Directives", + "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b13": "at least 4", + "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b14": "more than 28 days", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b15": "early 1990s", - "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e516": "bring a sex discrimination claim against her employer, British Gas plc", - "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e517": "by Directives", + "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e516": "the years people worked under the age of 25 would not count towards the increasing statutory notice before dismissal", + "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e517": "an emanation of the state", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e518": "10 years", - "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e519": "British Gas plc", - "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e51a": "65", + "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e519": "British Gas plc the Court of Justice", + "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e51a": "60 and men at 65", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e534": "national courts", - "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e535": "a fixed list of reasons", - "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e536": "an insurance fund for employees to claim unpaid wages", + "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e535": "incorporations would only be nullified for a fixed list of reasons", + "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e536": "set up an insurance fund for employees to claim unpaid wages", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e537": "6 million", - "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e550": "the European Court of Justice", - "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e551": "proportionality, legal certainty, equality before the law and subsidiarity", + "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e550": "European Court of Justice", + "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e551": "fundamental rights (see human rights), proportionality, legal certainty, equality before the law and subsidiarity", "5726a09f708984140094cc39": "since the 1950s", "5726a09f708984140094cc3a": "Article 5", - "5726a09f708984140094cc3b": "onerous", + "5726a09f708984140094cc3b": "the least onerous", "5726a14c708984140094cc51": "since the 1960s", "5726a14c708984140094cc52": "European Union law", "5726a14c708984140094cc53": "a proper legal basis", - "5726a14c708984140094cc54": "the principles of legal certainty and good faith, is also a central element of the general principle of legal certainty in European Union law", - "5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b86": "the constitutional traditions common to the member states", + "5726a14c708984140094cc54": "the principles of legal certainty and good faith", + "5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b86": "constitutional traditions common to the member states", "5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b87": "fundamental rights recognised and protected in the constitutions of member states", "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9e": "None", - "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9f": "European Union institutions, to be subject to human rights. At the time the only concern was that member states", + "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9f": "member states", "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba0": "1950", "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba1": "the European Court of Human Rights", "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba2": "1999", @@ -4231,49 +4231,49 @@ "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e59f": "the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a0": "European Union law", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a1": "the European Court of Justice", - "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5ae": "Amsterdam", - "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5af": "1989", + "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5ae": "Treaty of Amsterdam", + "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5af": "1997", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b0": "1989", - "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b1": "30 general principles", + "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b1": "30", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b2": "40", - "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd0": "11 of the then 12", + "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd0": "12", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd1": "The UK", - "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd2": "\"Social Chapter\"", + "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd2": "Social Chapter", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd3": "1992", - "5726a5525951b619008f78dd": "minor amendments as the Social Chapter of the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam", + "5726a5525951b619008f78dd": "UK Labour Party to government", "5726a5525951b619008f78de": "1997", - "5726a5525951b619008f78df": "Social Policy, the 1994 Works Council Directive", - "5726a5525951b619008f78e0": "1996 Parental Leave Directive. In the 10 years", - "5726a5525951b619008f78e1": "workforce consultation in businesses", + "5726a5525951b619008f78df": "Works Council Directive", + "5726a5525951b619008f78e0": "1996", + "5726a5525951b619008f78e1": "workforce consultation in businesses, and the 1996 Parental Leave Directive.", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf6": "France, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Germany", - "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf7": "1951", - "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf8": "cartels and article 66 made provisions for concentrations", - "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf9": "Article 65 of the agreement banned cartels", + "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf7": "1957", + "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf8": "cartels", + "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf9": "article 66", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bfa": "1957", - "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e654": "Article 101", - "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e655": "price discrimination and exclusive dealing", + "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e654": "Article 101(1", + "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e655": "abuse of dominant position", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e656": "106 and 107", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e657": "Article 102", - "5726b58f5951b619008f7b55": "2007, free movement and trade were central to European development since the Treaty of Rome 1957", + "5726b58f5951b619008f7b55": "2007", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b56": "since the Treaty of Rome 1957", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b57": "consumer prices", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b58": "free trade", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b59": "the Court of Justice", - "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbe": "to be balanced", - "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbf": "imports", + "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbe": "a customs union", + "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbf": "parallel importers", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc0": "private actors", - "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc1": "Commission v France French farmer vigilantes were continually sabotaging shipments of Spanish strawberries", - "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc2": "Mr Schmidberger's German undertaking, were prevented from trading", - "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e8": "25 per cent was contrary to TFEU article 34", + "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc1": "Commission v", + "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc2": "all \"trading rules\" that are \"enacted by Member States\"", + "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e8": "25", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e9": "France", - "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ea": "2009", + "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ea": "2003", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8eb": "cocoa butter", - "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ec": "Commission v Italy, the Court of Justice held that an Italian law prohibiting motorcycles", + "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ec": "Italian law prohibiting motorcycles or mopeds pulling trailers", "5726ba2c708984140094cf59": "Keck and Mithouard", - "5726ba2c708984140094cf5a": "attempted to harmonise minimum ideals of best practice", - "5726ba2c708984140094cf5b": "commercials for skin care products", + "5726ba2c708984140094cf5a": "prevent cut throat competition, not to hinder trade", + "5726ba2c708984140094cf5b": "Konsumentombudsmannen v De Agostini", "5726ba2c708984140094cf5c": "the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive", - "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e74": "life goals in any country through free movement", + "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e74": "people to pursue their life goals in any country through free movement", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e75": "European Community", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e76": "citizenship", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e77": "Steymann v Staatssecretaris van Justitie", @@ -4282,117 +4282,117 @@ "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea7": "Jean-Marc Bosman", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea8": "Gaelic", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea9": "Hendrix v Employee Insurance Institute the Court of Justice", - "5726bc1add62a815002e8eaa": "3 and 14", - "5726bcde708984140094cfbf": "Citizenship of the EU has increasingly been seen as a \"fundamental\" status of member state nationals by the Court of Justice", - "5726bcde708984140094cfc0": "the number of social services", - "5726bcde708984140094cfc1": "Commission v", + "5726bc1add62a815002e8eaa": "between 3 and 14 hours", + "5726bcde708984140094cfbf": "Citizenship of the EU", + "5726bcde708984140094cfc0": "social services that people can access wherever they move", + "5726bcde708984140094cfc1": "Commission v Austria", "5726bcde708984140094cfc2": "higher education", - "5726c002708984140094d073": "European Union", - "5726c002708984140094d074": "article 56", + "5726c002708984140094d073": "article 56", + "5726c002708984140094d074": "if they were non-discriminatory", "5726c002708984140094d075": "Reyners v Belgium", - "5726c002708984140094d076": "TFEU article 49", - "5726c002708984140094d077": "Gebhard v Consiglio dell\u2019Ordine degli Avvocati e Procuratori di Milano", + "5726c002708984140094d076": "49", + "5726c002708984140094d077": "Commission v", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8a": "2006", - "5726c19add62a815002e8f8b": "crime against shipping toxic waste", + "5726c19add62a815002e8f8b": "shipping toxic waste, Franco Frattini, the Justice, Freedom and Security Commissioner, proposed with Dimas to create criminal sentences for \"ecological crimes", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8c": "October 2007", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8d": "2005", - "5726c3da708984140094d0d9": "German health clinic", - "5726c3da708984140094d0da": "because Dutch law said only people established in the Netherlands could give legal advice", - "5726c3da708984140094d0db": "coffee shops", - "5726c3da708984140094d0dc": "freedom (of the German health clinic) to provide services. Several governments submitted that hospital services should not be regarded as economic", - "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac4": "the Daily Mail", - "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac5": "200,000 Danish krone (around \u20ac27,000", - "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac6": "200,000 Danish krone (around \u20ac27,000", - "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac7": "justified by creditor protection", + "5726c3da708984140094d0d9": "people who give services \"for remuneration", + "5726c3da708984140094d0da": "Dutch law said only people established in the Netherlands could give legal advice", + "5726c3da708984140094d0db": "narcotic drugs", + "5726c3da708984140094d0dc": "treatment unnecessary", + "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac4": "Daily Mail", + "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac5": "\u00a31", + "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac6": "\u00a31", + "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac7": "creditor protection", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac8": "\u00dcberseering BV v Nordic Construction GmbH", "5725b81b271a42140099d097": "Amazonia", - "5725b81b271a42140099d098": "7,000,000", + "5725b81b271a42140099d098": "5,500,000", "5725b81b271a42140099d099": "nine", "5725b81b271a42140099d09a": "four", - "5725b81b271a42140099d09b": "60%", - "5728349dff5b5019007d9efe": "Amazonia", + "5725b81b271a42140099d09b": "over half", + "5728349dff5b5019007d9efe": "Amazoneregenwoud", "5728349dff5b5019007d9eff": "broadleaf forest", - "5728349dff5b5019007d9f00": "South America", + "5728349dff5b5019007d9f00": "Brazil", "5728349dff5b5019007d9f01": "60%", "5728349dff5b5019007d9f02": "16,000", "5729e2316aef0514001550c4": "broadleaf forest", - "5729e2316aef0514001550c5": "7,000,000", + "5729e2316aef0514001550c5": "5,500,000", "5729e2316aef0514001550c6": "nine", "5729e2316aef0514001550c7": "Brazil", "5729e2316aef0514001550c8": "16,000", - "5725be0f271a42140099d117": "tropical rainforest", - "5725be0f271a42140099d118": "Oligocene, for example, the rainforest spanned a relatively narrow band. It expanded again during the Middle Miocene", - "5725be0f271a42140099d119": "Middle Miocene", + "5725be0f271a42140099d117": "wetter", + "5725be0f271a42140099d118": "Climate fluctuations", + "5725be0f271a42140099d119": "Oligocene", "5725be0f271a42140099d11a": "Middle Miocene, then retracted to a mostly inland formation at the last glacial maximum", - "5725be0f271a42140099d11b": "the rainforest still managed to thrive during these glacial periods, allowing for the survival and evolution of a broad diversity of species", - "57283adcff5b5019007d9f94": "extinction", - "57283adcff5b5019007d9f95": "45", + "5725be0f271a42140099d11b": "thrive during these glacial periods, allowing for the survival and evolution of a broad diversity of species", + "57283adcff5b5019007d9f94": "extinction of the dinosaurs and the wetter climate", + "57283adcff5b5019007d9f95": "45\u00b0", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f96": "Climate fluctuations", - "57283adcff5b5019007d9f97": "Oligocene, for example, the rainforest spanned a relatively narrow band. It expanded again during the Middle Miocene", - "57283adcff5b5019007d9f98": "spanned a relatively narrow band", - "5729e500af94a219006aa6b5": "Paleogene extinction", - "5729e500af94a219006aa6b6": "34 million", + "57283adcff5b5019007d9f97": "Oligocene", + "57283adcff5b5019007d9f98": "spread out across the continent", + "5729e500af94a219006aa6b5": "Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene extinction", + "5729e500af94a219006aa6b6": "66\u201334 Mya", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b7": "Middle Miocene", - "5729e500af94a219006aa6b8": "glacial maximum", + "5729e500af94a219006aa6b8": "the last glacial maximum", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b9": "34 million", - "5725c071271a42140099d127": "along the middle of the continent by the Purus Arch", + "5725c071271a42140099d127": "mid-Eocene", "5725c071271a42140099d128": "toward the Atlantic", "5725c071271a42140099d129": "Solim\u00f5es Basin", - "5725c071271a42140099d12a": "5\u201310 million years", - "5725c071271a42140099d12b": "Atlantic", + "5725c071271a42140099d12a": "Within the last 5\u201310 million years", + "5725c071271a42140099d12b": "the Atlantic.", "57283d173acd2414000df78f": "mid-Eocene", - "57283d173acd2414000df790": "Atlantic", - "57283d173acd2414000df791": "Pacific", - "57283d173acd2414000df792": "Purus Arch", - "57283d173acd2414000df793": "Solim\u00f5es Basin", + "57283d173acd2414000df790": "the Atlantic", + "57283d173acd2414000df791": "the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin", + "57283d173acd2414000df792": "Water on the eastern side flowed toward the Atlantic, while to the west water", + "57283d173acd2414000df793": "the Solim\u00f5es Basin", "5729e6313f37b319004785a9": "mid-Eocene", - "5729e6313f37b319004785aa": "the Purus Arch", - "5729e6313f37b319004785ab": "toward the Atlantic", - "5729e6313f37b319004785ac": "Pacific", - "5729e6313f37b319004785ad": "Solim\u00f5es Basin", - "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50b": "deglaciation", - "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50c": "rainfall", - "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50d": "open forest and grassland", - "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50e": "reasonably well supported by the available data", - "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50f": "reasonably well supported by the available data", + "5729e6313f37b319004785aa": "middle", + "5729e6313f37b319004785ab": "the Atlantic", + "5729e6313f37b319004785ac": "the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin", + "5729e6313f37b319004785ad": "the Solim\u00f5es Basin", + "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50b": "the Last Glacial Maximum", + "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50c": "that rainfall in the basin during the LGM was lower", + "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50d": "the rainforest was reduced to small, isolated refugia separated by open forest and grassland; other scientists argue that the rainforest remained largely intact", + "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50e": "difficult to resolve", + "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50f": "by the available data", "572841772ca10214002da1a6": "21,000 years", - "572841772ca10214002da1a7": "deglaciation", - "572841772ca10214002da1a8": "paleolakes", + "572841772ca10214002da1a7": "the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and subsequent deglaciation", + "572841772ca10214002da1a8": "sediment deposits from Amazon basin paleolakes and from the Amazon Fan", "572841772ca10214002da1a9": "lower than for the present", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa779": "21,000 years", - "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77a": "paleolakes", + "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77a": "sediment deposits", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77b": "moist tropical vegetation", - "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77c": "reduced moist tropical vegetation cover in the basin", - "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77d": "because the practical limitations of working in the rainforest mean", + "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77c": "small, isolated refugia separated by open forest and grassland", + "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77d": "limitations of working in the rainforest", "5725c63438643c19005acc9f": "NASA's CALIPSO satellite", - "5725c63438643c19005acca0": "182 million", + "5725c63438643c19005acca0": "average 182 million", "5725c63438643c19005acca1": "1,600", "5725c63438643c19005acca2": "Amazon basin", "5725c63438643c19005acca3": "132 million", - "5728455bff5b5019007da078": "NASA's CALIPSO satellite", - "5728455bff5b5019007da079": "15 degrees west longitude, across 1,600 miles", - "5728455bff5b5019007da07a": "15 degrees west longitude, across 1,600 miles", + "5728455bff5b5019007da078": "wind", + "5728455bff5b5019007da079": "an average 182 million tons", + "5728455bff5b5019007da07a": "27.7 million tons (15%)", "5728455bff5b5019007da07b": "132 million tons", - "5728455bff5b5019007da07c": "15 degrees west longitude, across 1,600 miles", - "5729ea263f37b319004785bd": "NASA's CALIPSO satellite", - "5729ea263f37b319004785be": "NASA's CALIPSO satellite", - "5729ea263f37b319004785bf": "15 degrees west longitude, across 1,600 miles", + "5728455bff5b5019007da07c": "43 million tons of dust", + "5729ea263f37b319004785bd": "CALIPSO satellite", + "5729ea263f37b319004785be": "NASA's CALIPSO", + "5729ea263f37b319004785bf": "an average 182 million tons", "5729ea263f37b319004785c0": "1,600", - "5729ea263f37b319004785c1": "132 million", - "5725c95f38643c19005accf3": "Amazonia", - "5725c95f38643c19005accf4": "0.52/sq mi) is the maximum that can be sustained in the rainforest through hunting", - "5725c95f38643c19005accf5": "agriculture needed to host a larger population", - "5725c95f38643c19005accf6": "Betty Meggers", + "5729ea263f37b319004785c1": "27.7 million tons", + "5725c95f38643c19005accf3": "Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise", + "5725c95f38643c19005accf4": "0.52/sq mi", + "5725c95f38643c19005accf5": "agriculture", + "5725c95f38643c19005accf6": "anthropological", "5725c95f38643c19005accf7": "5 million", - "572847dd4b864d19001648bc": "Archeologist Betty Meggers was a prominent proponent of this idea, as described in her book Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise", + "572847dd4b864d19001648bc": "thought that the Amazon rainforest was only ever sparsely populated", "572847dd4b864d19001648bd": "Betty Meggers", "572847dd4b864d19001648be": "0.2", - "572847dd4b864d19001648bf": "her book Amazonia", + "572847dd4b864d19001648bf": "Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6c9": "Betty Meggers", - "5729eb34af94a219006aa6ca": "Archeologist Betty Meggers was a prominent proponent of this idea, as described in her book Amazonia", - "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cb": "0.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (0.52/sq mi", + "5729eb34af94a219006aa6ca": "Amazonia: Man and Culture", + "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cb": "0.52/sq mi", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cc": "5 million", - "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cd": "200,000", + "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cd": "less than 200,000", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed2": "Francisco de Orellana", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed3": "1540s", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed4": "smallpox", @@ -4401,48 +4401,48 @@ "5729edd56aef051400155112": "Francisco de Orellana", "5729edd56aef051400155113": "1542", "5729edd56aef051400155114": "AD 0\u20131250", - "5729edd56aef051400155115": "Francisco de Orellana", - "5729edd56aef051400155116": "11,000", + "5729edd56aef051400155115": "Ondemar Dias", + "5729edd56aef051400155116": "11,000 years", "5725cf3238643c19005acd61": "black earth", - "5725cf3238643c19005acd62": "large areas in the Amazon forest", - "5725cf3238643c19005acd63": "agriculture and silviculture", + "5725cf3238643c19005acd62": "black earth", + "5725cf3238643c19005acd63": "silviculture", "5725cf3238643c19005acd64": "Xingu", - "5725cf3238643c19005acd65": "Michael Heckenberger and colleagues", - "5729ef266aef05140015511c": "Amazon forest", + "5725cf3238643c19005acd65": "Michael Heckenberger", + "5729ef266aef05140015511c": "Terra preta", "5729ef266aef05140015511d": "agriculture and silviculture", - "5729ef266aef05140015511e": "Xingu tribe", + "5729ef266aef05140015511e": "Xingu", "5729ef266aef05140015511f": "Michael Heckenberger", - "5729ef266aef051400155120": "Michael Heckenberger and colleagues of the University of Florida. Among those were evidence of roads, bridges and large plazas", + "5729ef266aef051400155120": "roads, bridges and large plazas", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61b": "2.5 million", - "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61c": "one in five of the fish species live in Amazonian rivers and streams", - "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61d": "40,000", + "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61c": "five", + "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61d": "five", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61e": "one in five of the fish species live in Amazonian rivers and streams", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61f": "128,843", "5729f0db6aef051400155126": "2.5 million", "5729f0db6aef051400155127": "2,000", - "5729f0db6aef051400155128": "40,000", + "5729f0db6aef051400155128": "tens of thousands", "5729f0db6aef051400155129": "378", - "5729f0db6aef05140015512a": "one in five", - "5726722bdd62a815002e8528": "62 acres) of Ecuadorian rainforest supports more than 1,100", + "5729f0db6aef05140015512a": "One in five", + "5726722bdd62a815002e8528": "62", "5726722bdd62a815002e8529": "1,100", "5726722bdd62a815002e852a": "90,790", "5726722bdd62a815002e852b": "356 \u00b1 47 tonnes per hectare", - "5726722bdd62a815002e852c": "16,000", - "5729f2646aef051400155130": "356 \u00b1 47 tonnes per hectare", + "5726722bdd62a815002e852c": "438,000", + "5729f2646aef051400155130": "16,000.", "5729f2646aef051400155131": "1,100", "5729f2646aef051400155132": "90,790", "5729f2646aef051400155133": "356 \u00b1 47 tonnes", "5729f2646aef051400155134": "438,000", "5729f3831d0469140077967b": "electric eels", - "5729f3831d0469140077967c": "black caiman, jaguar, cougar, and anaconda", + "5729f3831d0469140077967c": "black caiman", "5729f3831d0469140077967d": "piranha", - "5729f3831d0469140077967e": "piranha", + "5729f3831d0469140077967e": "lipophilic alkaloid toxins", "5729f3831d0469140077967f": "Vampire bats", "5729fd56af94a219006aa72f": "Deforestation", "5729fd56af94a219006aa730": "early 1960s", - "5729fd56af94a219006aa731": "slash and burn", + "5729fd56af94a219006aa731": "slash and burn method", "5729fd56af94a219006aa732": "loss of soil fertility and weed invasion", - "5729fd56af94a219006aa733": "basically intact", + "5729fd56af94a219006aa733": "the naked eye from outer space", "5729feaf6aef051400155188": "587,000", "5729feaf6aef051400155189": "587,000", "5729feaf6aef05140015518a": "livestock pasture", @@ -4450,241 +4450,241 @@ "5729feaf6aef05140015518c": "Seventy percent", "572a005f1d046914007796b7": "soy", "572a005f1d046914007796b8": "increased settlement and deforestation", - "572a005f1d046914007796b9": "22,392 km2 or 8,646", - "572a005f1d046914007796bb": "increased settlement", + "572a005f1d046914007796b9": "8,646", + "572a005f1d046914007796bb": "increase to the present day", "572a005f1d046914007796ba": "18%", "572a020f6aef051400155198": "biodiversity", "572a020f6aef051400155199": "destruction of the forest", "572a020f6aef05140015519a": "loss of biodiversity", - "572a020f6aef05140015519b": "10%", + "572a020f6aef05140015519b": "1.1 \u00d7 1011 metric tonnes", "572a020f6aef05140015519c": "1.1 \u00d7 1011", - "572a03a06aef0514001551aa": "increased temperatures", + "572a03a06aef0514001551aa": "reduced rainfall", "572a03a06aef0514001551ab": "greenhouse gas", "572a03a06aef0514001551ac": "2100", "572a03a06aef0514001551ad": "21st century", - "572a03a06aef0514001551ae": "increased temperatures", - "572a064a3f37b3190047865d": "Peruvian Amazon indigenous peoples", - "572a064a3f37b3190047865e": "ethno-biology", + "572a03a06aef0514001551ae": "climate change in addition to deforestation", + "572a064a3f37b3190047865d": "indigenous territories", + "572a064a3f37b3190047865e": "community-based", "572a064a3f37b3190047865f": "deforestation and ecocide", - "572a064a3f37b31900478660": "Urarina", - "572a064a3f37b31900478661": "Peruvian Amazon indigenous peoples' rainforest communities", + "572a064a3f37b31900478660": "rainforest communities", + "572a064a3f37b31900478661": "lowland South American peoples", "572a07c11d046914007796d5": "remote sensing", - "572a07c11d046914007796d6": "the Trio Tribe", + "572a07c11d046914007796d6": "Trio Tribe", "572a07c11d046914007796d7": "southern Suriname", - "572a07c11d046914007796d8": "commercial interests", + "572a07c11d046914007796d8": "help strengthen their territorial claims", "572a07c11d046914007796d9": "to protect their tribal lands from commercial interests", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75b": "tree growth", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75c": "tree growth stages", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75d": "Tatiana Kuplich", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75e": "2006", - "572a09abaf94a219006aa75f": "mature forest", + "572a09abaf94a219006aa75f": "Synthetic aperture radar", "572a0b101d046914007796e9": "2005", - "572a0b101d046914007796eb": "Amazonian Research", - "572a0b101d046914007796ec": "deforestation on regional climate", - "572a0b101d046914007796ed": "rainforest", - "572a0b101d046914007796ea": "the Brazilian National Institute of Amazonian Research", + "572a0b101d046914007796eb": "Brazilian National Institute of Amazonian Research", + "572a0b101d046914007796ec": "deforestation", + "572a0b101d046914007796ed": "savanna or desert", + "572a0b101d046914007796ea": "Woods Hole Research Center", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa76f": "2010", - "572a0bebaf94a219006aa770": "1,160,000 square miles (3,000,000 km2) of rainforest, compared to 734,000", - "572a0bebaf94a219006aa771": "three", + "572a0bebaf94a219006aa770": "1,160,000 square miles (3,000,000 km2) of rainforest, compared to 734,000 square miles", + "572a0bebaf94a219006aa771": "three epicenters", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa772": "2005", - "572a0bebaf94a219006aa773": "1.5", + "572a0bebaf94a219006aa773": "1.5 gigatons", "5725b9db38643c19005acbe1": "comb jellies", - "5725b9db38643c19005acbe2": "marine waters worldwide", - "5725b9db38643c19005acbe3": "4 ft 11", - "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf2": "jellies", - "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf3": "largest animals", - "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf4": "swimming \u2013 they are the largest animals", - "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf5": "4 ft 11", - "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf6": "the \u2018combs\u2019 \u2013 groups of cilia", + "5725b9db38643c19005acbe2": "in marine waters worldwide", + "5725b9db38643c19005acbe3": "from a few millimeters to 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in)", + "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf2": "singular", + "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf3": "cilia", + "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf4": "water flow through the body cavity", + "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf5": "1.5 m (4 ft 11 in", + "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf6": "\u2018combs\u2019 \u2013 groups of cilia", "57263eaa38643c19005ad371": "comb jellies", - "57263eaa38643c19005ad372": "cnidarians, their bodies consist of a mass of jelly", + "57263eaa38643c19005ad372": "1.5 m (4 ft 11 in", "57263eaa38643c19005ad373": "water flow through the body cavity", - "57263eaa38643c19005ad374": "one phylum, Coelenterata", - "57263eaa38643c19005ad375": "marine waters worldwide", - "5725bae289a1e219009abd90": "ten times", + "57263eaa38643c19005ad374": "/t\u1d7b\u02c8n\u0252f\u0259r\u0259/; singular", + "57263eaa38643c19005ad375": "in marine waters worldwide", + "5725bae289a1e219009abd90": "ten times their own weight", "5725bae289a1e219009abd91": "100\u2013150", - "5725bae289a1e219009abd92": "100\u2013150 species have been validated, and possibly another 25", + "5725bae289a1e219009abd92": "25", "5725c337271a42140099d163": "100\u2013150", "5725c337271a42140099d164": "tentilla", - "5725c337271a42140099d165": "ten times", - "5725c337271a42140099d166": "huge mouths armed with groups of large, stiffened cilia that act as teeth", + "5725c337271a42140099d165": "ten times their own weight", + "5725c337271a42140099d166": "tentacles and prey", "5725c337271a42140099d167": "huge mouths armed with groups of large, stiffened cilia", - "5726400589a1e219009ac5ee": "ten times", - "5726400589a1e219009ac5ef": "tentilla", - "5726400589a1e219009ac5f0": "wide a range of methods", - "5726400589a1e219009ac5f1": "huge mouths armed with groups of large, stiffened cilia that act as teeth", + "5726400589a1e219009ac5ee": "ten times their own weight", + "5726400589a1e219009ac5ef": "tentilla (\"little tentacles", + "5726400589a1e219009ac5f0": "huge mouths armed with groups of large, stiffened cilia", + "5726400589a1e219009ac5f1": "egg-shaped bodies", "5726400589a1e219009ac5f2": "100\u2013150", "5725bc0338643c19005acc11": "hermaphrodites", "5725bc0338643c19005acc12": "miniature cydippids", - "5725bc0338643c19005acc13": "hermaphroditism and early reproduction enables small populations to grow at an explosive rate", - "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5e": "sequential hermaphrodites", - "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5f": "fertilize its own egg, not needing a mate. Some are simultaneous hermaphrodites, which can produce both eggs and sperm", - "5725c57a89a1e219009abe60": "sequential hermaphrodites", - "5725c57a89a1e219009abe61": "platyctenids", - "5725c57a89a1e219009abe62": "combination of hermaphroditism and early reproduction", - "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd1": "sequential hermaphrodites", - "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd2": "hermaphrodites, which can produce both eggs and sperm", - "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd3": "hermaphrodites, which can produce both eggs and sperm at the same time. Others are sequential hermaphrodites", - "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd4": "platyctenids' eggs are fertilized inside their parents", - "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd5": "hermaphrodites", + "5725bc0338643c19005acc13": "juveniles are capable of reproduction before reaching the adult size and shape", + "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5e": "can fertilize its own egg, not needing a mate", + "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5f": "produce both eggs and sperm", + "5725c57a89a1e219009abe60": "hermaphrodites", + "5725c57a89a1e219009abe61": "platyctenids' eggs", + "5725c57a89a1e219009abe62": "hermaphroditism and early reproduction", + "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd1": "a single animal can produce both eggs and sperm", + "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd2": "can produce both eggs and sperm", + "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd3": "can produce both eggs and sperm", + "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd4": "platyctenids", + "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd5": "the beroids", "5725bdbe38643c19005acc39": "Black Sea", "5725bdbe38643c19005acc3a": "Mnemiopsis", "5725bdbe38643c19005acc3b": "over-fishing and long-term environmental changes", - "5725c69738643c19005accb9": "mitigate the problem, as Beroe preys", - "5725c69738643c19005accba": "Mnemiopsis, has accidentally been introduced into the Black Sea, where it is blamed for causing fish stocks", - "5725c69738643c19005accbb": "fish stocks", - "5725c69738643c19005accbc": "coastal locations", - "5726431d271a42140099d7f5": "bays where they occur in very high numbers", - "5726431d271a42140099d7f6": "copepods, which might otherwise wipe out the phytoplankton (planktonic plants", + "5725c69738643c19005accb9": "ctenophores", + "5725c69738643c19005accba": "Mnemiopsis", + "5725c69738643c19005accbb": "fish", + "5725c69738643c19005accbc": "bays", + "5726431d271a42140099d7f5": "bays", + "5726431d271a42140099d7f6": "planktonic plants", "5726431d271a42140099d7f7": "Mnemiopsis", - "5726431d271a42140099d7f8": "causing fish stocks to collapse", - "5726431d271a42140099d7f9": "causing fish stocks to collapse", + "5726431d271a42140099d7f8": "fish stocks to collapse by eating both fish larvae and organisms that would otherwise have fed the fish", + "5726431d271a42140099d7f9": "eating both fish larvae and organisms that would otherwise have fed the fish", "5725c91e38643c19005acceb": "66 million years ago", "5725c91e38643c19005accec": "monophyletic", "5725c91e38643c19005acced": "515 million years ago", - "5725c91e38643c19005accee": "lagerst\u00e4tten as far back as the early Cambrian", - "5726449f1125e71900ae1928": "515 million years ago", - "5726449f1125e71900ae1929": "Paleogene extinction", + "5725c91e38643c19005accee": "many more comb-rows than modern forms", + "5726449f1125e71900ae1928": "no tentacles but many more comb-rows than modern forms", + "5726449f1125e71900ae1929": "Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene extinction", "5726449f1125e71900ae192a": "monophyletic", - "5726449f1125e71900ae192b": "monophyletic", + "5726449f1125e71900ae192b": "many more comb-rows than modern forms", "5725cb33271a42140099d1db": "cnidarians", - "5725cb33271a42140099d1dc": "having colloblasts", + "5725cb33271a42140099d1dc": "having colloblasts, which are sticky and adhere to prey", "5725cb33271a42140099d1dd": "bilaterians", - "5725cb33271a42140099d1de": "cnidarians", - "5725cb33271a42140099d1df": "nervous systems; and some have sensory organs", + "5725cb33271a42140099d1de": "Ctenophores", + "5725cb33271a42140099d1df": "colloblasts", "572646655951b619008f6ebf": "cnidarians", - "572646655951b619008f6ec0": "sensory organs", - "572646655951b619008f6ec1": "nervous systems; and some have sensory organs", - "572646655951b619008f6ec2": "cnidarians", + "572646655951b619008f6ec0": "colloblasts", + "572646655951b619008f6ec1": "colloblasts", + "572646655951b619008f6ec2": "ctenophores and cnidarians", "572646655951b619008f6ec3": "bilaterians", "572647d0708984140094c14b": "mesoglea", - "572647d0708984140094c14c": "mesoglea", - "572647d0708984140094c14d": "cnidarians", + "572647d0708984140094c14c": "diploblastic", + "572647d0708984140094c14d": "ctenophores", "572647d0708984140094c14e": "mesoglea", - "572648e8dd62a815002e8076": "comb rows, that run the length of their bodies and bear comb-like bands of cilia", - "572648e8dd62a815002e8077": "locomotion. Most species have eight strips, called comb rows", + "572648e8dd62a815002e8076": "cilia", + "572648e8dd62a815002e8077": "locomotion", "572648e8dd62a815002e8078": "ctenes", - "572648e8dd62a815002e8079": "carrying", + "572648e8dd62a815002e8079": "comb-bearing", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db40": "cydippid Pleurobrachia", - "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db41": "coastal genera \u2013 Pleurobrachia", - "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db42": "swirling sediment particles", - "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db43": "coastal genera \u2013 Pleurobrachia", + "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db41": "Coastal species", + "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db42": "waves and swirling sediment particles", + "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db43": "Mnemiopsis", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a0": "an epithelium", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a1": "bioluminescence", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a2": "pharynx", - "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a3": "muscles; a pharynx (\"throat\"); a wider area in the center that acts as a stomach; and a system of internal canals", + "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a3": "a mouth that can usually be closed by muscles", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a4": "the mouth and pharynx", "57264cfa708984140094c1c3": "swimming-plates", "57264cfa708984140094c1c4": "ctenes", - "57264cfa708984140094c1c5": "reverse direction", - "57264cfa708984140094c1c6": "reverse direction", - "57264cfa708984140094c1c7": "2 millimeters (0.079", - "57264e66dd62a815002e811a": "osmotic pressure", - "57264e66dd62a815002e811b": "the body cavity", + "57264cfa708984140094c1c5": "beat so that the propulsion stroke is away from the mouth", + "57264cfa708984140094c1c6": "direction", + "57264cfa708984140094c1c7": "2 millimeters", + "57264e66dd62a815002e811a": "It is uncertain", + "57264e66dd62a815002e811b": "the mesoglea", "57264e66dd62a815002e811c": "increase its bulk and decrease its density", - "57264e66dd62a815002e811d": "sinking", - "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5e": "the aboral organ", + "57264e66dd62a815002e811d": "pump water out of the mesoglea", + "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5e": "aboral organ", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5f": "at the opposite end from the mouth", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc60": "a transparent dome made of long, immobile cilia", - "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc61": "a statocyst", - "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc62": "balancers", + "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc61": "statocyst", + "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc62": "a balance sensor consisting of a statolith, a solid particle supported on four bundles of cilia", "57265746dd62a815002e8218": "sea gooseberry", "57265746dd62a815002e8219": "a pair of long, slender tentacles", - "57265746dd62a815002e821a": "spherical and other times more cylindrical or egg-shaped", + "57265746dd62a815002e821a": "spherical", "57265746dd62a815002e821b": "sheath", - "57265746dd62a815002e821c": "narrow end", - "572658daf1498d1400e8dcac": "tentilla (\"little tentacles\"), although a few genera have simple tentacles without these sidebranches", - "572658daf1498d1400e8dcad": "specialized mushroom-shaped cells", + "57265746dd62a815002e821c": "the narrow end", + "572658daf1498d1400e8dcac": "tentilla", + "572658daf1498d1400e8dcad": "specialized mushroom-shaped cells in the outer layer of the epidermis", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcae": "striated muscle", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcaf": "three", - "572658daf1498d1400e8dcb0": "capturing prey: they may flick out very quickly (in 40 to 60 milliseconds); they can wriggle", + "572658daf1498d1400e8dcb0": "capturing prey", "572659ea5951b619008f7051": "eight", "572659ea5951b619008f7052": "near the mouth to the opposite end", - "572659ea5951b619008f7053": "eight rows of combs that run from near the mouth to the opposite end, and are spaced evenly round the body", - "572659ea5951b619008f7054": "splits to connect with two adjacent comb rows", + "572659ea5951b619008f7053": "round the body", + "572659ea5951b619008f7054": "a ciliary groove", "57265aaf5951b619008f706b": "lobes", "57265aaf5951b619008f706c": "gelatinous projections edged with cilia", "57265aaf5951b619008f706d": "four", - "57265aaf5951b619008f706e": "gelatinous projections edged with cilia that produce water currents that help direct microscopic prey toward the mouth", - "57265aaf5951b619008f706f": "planktonic prey", + "57265aaf5951b619008f706e": "help direct microscopic prey toward the mouth", + "57265aaf5951b619008f706f": "suspended planktonic prey", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd36": "clapping their lobes", - "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd37": "backwards very quickly", - "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd38": "nerves rather than by water disturbances created by the cilia", + "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd37": "escape from danger by clapping their lobes", + "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd38": "water disturbances created by the cilia", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd39": "water disturbances created by the cilia", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd50": "Nuda", - "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd51": "The Beroida", - "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd52": "adhesive epithelial cells", - "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd53": "tight closure streamlines the front of the animal", - "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd54": "no feeding appendages", + "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd51": "Nuda", + "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd52": "intercellular connections", + "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd53": "tight closure streamlines", + "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd54": "large pharynx", "57265e97708984140094c3c3": "The Cestida", - "57265e97708984140094c3c6": "Venus' girdle", + "57265e97708984140094c3c6": "Cestum veneris", "57265e97708984140094c3c4": "belt animals", - "57265e97708984140094c3c5": "undulating", - "57265e97708984140094c3c7": "parallelum", + "57265e97708984140094c3c5": "by undulating their bodies", + "57265e97708984140094c3c7": "Velamen parallelum", "572681c1dd62a815002e8796": "oval bodies", "572681c1dd62a815002e8797": "a muscular \"foot\"", "572681c1dd62a815002e8798": "comb-rows", - "572681c1dd62a815002e8799": "rocks, algae", + "572681c1dd62a815002e8799": "rocks, algae, or the body surfaces of other invertebrates", "572683075951b619008f7513": "via pores", - "572683075951b619008f7514": "fertilization and keep the eggs in brood chambers until they hatch", + "572683075951b619008f7514": "internal fertilization and keep the eggs in brood chambers", "572683075951b619008f7515": "Mnemiopsis", - "572683075951b619008f7516": "internal canal network", - "572683075951b619008f7517": "platyctenids use internal fertilization and keep the eggs in brood chambers until they hatch", + "572683075951b619008f7516": "in the parts of the internal canal network under the comb rows, and eggs and sperm are released via pores in the epidermis", + "572683075951b619008f7517": "external", "572684365951b619008f753f": "tentacles and tentacle sheaths", - "572684365951b619008f7540": "flat, bottom-dwelling platyctenids, the juveniles behave more like true larvae, as they live among the plankton", - "572684365951b619008f7541": "gradually", + "572684365951b619008f7540": "plankton", + "572684365951b619008f7541": "most species the juveniles gradually develop the body forms of their parents", "572684365951b619008f7542": "true larvae", - "572684365951b619008f7543": "cydippid adults. In the genus Beroe the juveniles", + "572684365951b619008f7543": "Beroe the juveniles, like the adults", "572686fc708984140094c8e5": "secretions", - "572686fc708984140094c8e6": "When some species, including Bathyctena chuni, Euplokamis stationis and Eurhamphaea vexilligera", + "572686fc708984140094c8e6": "When some species", "572686fc708984140094c8e7": "ink", - "572686fc708984140094c8e8": "Juveniles will luminesce more brightly", - "5726887e708984140094c917": "partly parasitic", - "5726887e708984140094c918": "zooplankton", - "5726887e708984140094c919": "incorporate their prey's nematocysts (stinging cells", - "5726887e708984140094c91a": "smaller", - "5726887e708984140094c91b": "cydippid\" Lampea feeds exclusively on salps, close relatives of sea-squirts that form large chain-like floating colonies", - "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33c": "low ratio of organic matter to salt and water", + "572686fc708984140094c8e8": "Juveniles will luminesce more brightly in relation to their body size than adults", + "5726887e708984140094c917": "no vegetarians", + "5726887e708984140094c918": "jellyfish", + "5726887e708984140094c919": "incorporate their prey's nematocysts (stinging cells) into their own tentacles", + "5726887e708984140094c91a": "copepods", + "5726887e708984140094c91b": "cydippid\" Lampea", + "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33c": "their low ratio of organic matter to salt and water", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33d": "chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta", - "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33e": "large quantities of ctenophores", - "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33f": "Red Sea", + "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33e": "ctenophores", + "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33f": "blooms in the Red Sea", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e340": "ctenophores", - "57268c01dd62a815002e8912": "ballast tanks of ships, and has been blamed for causing sharp drops in fish catches by eating both fish larvae and small crustaceans", - "57268c01dd62a815002e8913": "accidentally", - "57268c01dd62a815002e8915": "faster", + "57268c01dd62a815002e8912": "the Western Atlantic ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi", + "57268c01dd62a815002e8913": "ballast tanks of ships", + "57268c01dd62a815002e8915": "increase even faster", "57268c01dd62a815002e8914": "late 1980s", "57268c01dd62a815002e8916": "slowed the animal's metabolism", - "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39c": "preservation of soft tissue", + "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39c": "their soft, gelatinous bodies", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39d": "a comb jelly", - "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39e": "Emsian", - "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39f": "Three", - "57268da7f1498d1400e8e3a0": "preservation of soft tissue", + "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39e": "mid-Cambrian period", + "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39f": "Three additional putative species", + "57268da7f1498d1400e8e3a0": "tentacles", "57268f05dd62a815002e8990": "515 million years ago", "57268f05dd62a815002e8991": "Stromatoveris", "57268f05dd62a815002e8992": "Stromatoveris", - "57268f05dd62a815002e8993": "Vendobionta of the preceding Ediacaran period. De-Gan Shu", - "57268f05dd62a815002e8994": "Ediacaran period", - "57269016708984140094ca41": "the Bilateria", - "57269016708984140094ca42": "muscle cell types were either lost in major animal lineages", - "572691bedd62a815002e89dc": "cydippid-like larvae, it has widely been assumed that their last common ancestor also resembled cydippids", + "57268f05dd62a815002e8993": "Vendobionta", + "57268f05dd62a815002e8994": "Ediacaran", + "57269016708984140094ca41": "Bilateria", + "57269016708984140094ca42": "Porifera (sponges", + "572691bedd62a815002e89dc": "beroids", "572691bedd62a815002e89dd": "monophyletic", - "572691bedd62a815002e89de": "1985", + "572691bedd62a815002e89de": "65.5 million years ago", "572691bedd62a815002e89df": "Richard Harbison", - "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4d": "Fresno is in the center of the San Joaquin Valley", - "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4e": "220 miles", + "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4d": "Fresno", + "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4e": "220 miles (350 km)", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4f": "ash tree", - "5725ce4d38643c19005acd50": "ash tree\" in Spanish, and an ash leaf", - "5725ce4d38643c19005acd51": "ash tree\"", + "5725ce4d38643c19005acd50": "an ash leaf", + "5725ce4d38643c19005acd51": "\"ash tree", "5725cfd0271a42140099d225": "1872", "5725cfd0271a42140099d226": "flooding", "5725cfd0271a42140099d227": "1885", - "5725cfd0271a42140099d228": "47 streetcars over 49 miles", + "5725cfd0271a42140099d228": "47", "5725cfd0271a42140099d229": "Central Pacific Railroad", - "5725d183271a42140099d23d": "94.0% white, 3.3% black and 2.7%", - "5725d183271a42140099d23e": "Little Armenia, German Town, Little Italy, and Chinatown", + "5725d183271a42140099d23d": "2.7", + "5725d183271a42140099d23e": "Chinatown", "5725d183271a42140099d23f": "Pinedale", - "5725d183271a42140099d240": "an interim facility for the relocation of Fresno area Japanese Americans to internment camps", - "5725d183271a42140099d241": "an assembly center", + "5725d183271a42140099d240": "Fresno Fairgrounds", + "5725d183271a42140099d241": "assembly center", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d639": "BankAmericard", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63a": "BankAmericard in Fresno. After a troubled gestation during which its creator resigned, BankAmericard", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63b": "revolve a balance", @@ -4692,629 +4692,629 @@ "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63d": "Visa Inc", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf58": "Bill Aken", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf59": "Bill Aken", - "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5a": "the neighboring town of Madera", - "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5b": "Fresno Barn", - "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5c": "Mexican movie actress Lupe Mayorga", + "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5a": "Madera", + "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5b": "WWVA Jamboree\" radio and television show in Wheeling, West Virginia", + "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5c": "Lupe Mayorga", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d687": "three", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d688": "Roeding Park", - "5725d662ec44d21400f3d689": "Fresno Chaffee Zoo, and Rotary Storyland and Playland. Kearney Park", - "5725d662ec44d21400f3d68a": "Shinzen Japanese Gardens, numerous picnic areas and several miles of trails, is in North Fresno and is adjacent to the San Joaquin River Parkway", + "5725d662ec44d21400f3d689": "Roeding Park", + "5725d662ec44d21400f3d68a": "Woodward Park", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d68b": "Kearney Park", "5725d7e438643c19005acdf9": "1880s and World War II", - "5725d7e438643c19005acdfa": "the original Fresno County Courthouse", + "5725d7e438643c19005acdfa": "Fresno County Courthouse", "5725d7e438643c19005acdfb": "San Joaquin Light & Power Building", - "5725d7e438643c19005acdfc": "the Hughes Hotel", + "5725d7e438643c19005acdfc": "Hughes Hotel", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b3": "1964", - "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b4": "the Fulton Mall", - "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b5": "Pierre-Auguste Renoir", - "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b6": "the Fulton Mall to automobile traffic", - "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b7": "art pieces", - "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c5": "Fresno's far southeast side, bounded by Chestnut Avenue to the West. Its major thoroughfares are Kings Canyon Avenue and Clovis Avenue", + "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b4": "Fulton Mall", + "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b5": "Pierre-Auguste Renoir piece", + "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b6": "near their current locations", + "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b7": "wide sidewalks", + "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c5": "far southeast side", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c6": "Kings Canyon Avenue and Clovis Avenue", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c7": "1950s through the 1970s", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c8": "Fresno", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c9": "William P. Bell", - "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfea": "historic Tower Theatre", + "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfea": "the National List of Historic Places", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfeb": "1939", - "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfec": "Olive and Wishon", - "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfed": "Olive and Wishon Avenues in the heart of the Tower District. (The name of the theater refers to a well-known landmark water tower", - "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfee": "half mile", - "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d7": "late 1970s", + "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfec": "California State University", + "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfed": "Fresno Normal School", + "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfee": "one-half mile south", + "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d7": "1970s", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d8": "second and third run movies", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d9": "1978", - "5725e1c4271a42140099d2da": "Fresno native Audra McDonald performed in the leading roles of Evita and The Wiz at the theater", - "5725e1c4271a42140099d2db": "Olive and Wishon Avenues", - "5725e45689a1e219009ac048": "live theater and nightclubs", - "5725e45689a1e219009ac049": "hundred feet", + "5725e1c4271a42140099d2da": "New York City", + "5725e1c4271a42140099d2db": "Evita and The Wiz", + "5725e45689a1e219009ac048": "restaurants, live theater and nightclubs", + "5725e45689a1e219009ac049": "a few hundred feet", "5725e45689a1e219009ac04a": "Tower District", - "5725e45689a1e219009ac04b": "the Tower District", + "5725e45689a1e219009ac04b": "Tower District", "5725e45689a1e219009ac04c": "Tower District", - "5725e748ec44d21400f3d733": "California Bungalow and American Craftsman style", - "5725e748ec44d21400f3d734": "Hilliard, Taylor & Wheeler", - "5725e748ec44d21400f3d735": "newer areas of tract homes urban sprawl in north and east areas of Fresno", - "5725e748ec44d21400f3d736": "early twentieth century homes, many of which have been restored in recent decades", - "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0ae": "Huntington Boulevard between First Street on the west to Cedar Avenue", + "5725e748ec44d21400f3d733": "Storybook houses", + "5725e748ec44d21400f3d734": "Storybook houses", + "5725e748ec44d21400f3d735": "contrasts", + "5725e748ec44d21400f3d736": "early twentieth century", + "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0ae": "Huntington Boulevard", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0af": "William Stranahan", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b0": "1914", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b1": "267", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b2": "Huntington Boulevard", "5725edfe38643c19005ace9f": "Southwest Fresno", - "5725edfe38643c19005acea0": "southwest of the 99 freeway (which divides it from Downtown Fresno), west of the 41 freeway and south of Nielsen Ave", - "5725edfe38643c19005acea1": "African-American community", - "5725edfe38643c19005acea2": "Hmong or Laotian) populations", - "5725edfe38643c19005acea3": "southwest of the 99 freeway (which divides it from Downtown Fresno), west of the 41 freeway and south of Nielsen Ave", - "5725f00938643c19005aced7": "M. Theo Kearney", - "5725f00938643c19005aced8": "tall palm trees", + "5725edfe38643c19005acea0": "southwest", + "5725edfe38643c19005acea1": "African-American", + "5725edfe38643c19005acea2": "Hmong or Laotian", + "5725edfe38643c19005acea3": "99 freeway (which divides it from Downtown Fresno), west of the 41 freeway and south of Nielsen Ave", + "5725f00938643c19005aced7": "early 20th century entrepreneur and millionaire M. Theo Kearney", + "5725f00938643c19005aced8": "tall palm", "5725f00938643c19005aced9": "Fresno Street and Thorne Ave", - "5725f00938643c19005aceda": "Brookhaven", - "5725f00938643c19005acedb": "Fresno City Council", + "5725f00938643c19005aceda": "Fresno City Council", + "5725f00938643c19005acedb": "the southern edge of the West Side south of Jensen and west of Elm", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d76f": "between the 1960s and 1990s", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d770": "Fresno and B streets", - "5725f190ec44d21400f3d771": "Cargill Meat Solutions and Foster Farms", - "5725f190ec44d21400f3d772": "Fresno", - "5725f190ec44d21400f3d773": "very little retail activity", + "5725f190ec44d21400f3d771": "Cargill Meat Solutions", + "5725f190ec44d21400f3d772": "Fresno Chandler Executive Airport is also on the West Side", + "5725f190ec44d21400f3d773": "very little", "5725f2c838643c19005aceed": "Ralph Woodward", - "5725f2c838643c19005aceee": "235 acres (0.95 km2", - "5725f2c838643c19005aceef": "35", + "5725f2c838643c19005aceee": "300", + "5725f2c838643c19005aceef": "2,500", "5725f2c838643c19005acef0": "22 miles", - "5725f2c838643c19005acef1": "April through October, 6am to 10pm and November through March, 6am to 7pm", + "5725f2c838643c19005acef1": "April through October, 6am to 10pm and November", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fa": "1946", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fb": "William Smilie", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fc": "Sierra Sky Park", - "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fd": "certain roads", - "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fe": "numerous such communities across the United States and around the world. Developer William Smilie", - "5725f5b1271a42140099d371": "July peaking", + "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fd": "automobiles", + "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fe": "numerous such communities across the United States and around the world", + "5725f5b1271a42140099d371": "mild, moist winters and hot and dry", "5725f5b1271a42140099d372": "July", - "5725f5b1271a42140099d373": "46.5", - "5725f5b1271a42140099d374": "northwest", - "5725f5b1271a42140099d375": "northwest", + "5725f5b1271a42140099d373": "11.5 inches", + "5725f5b1271a42140099d374": "southeastern", + "5725f5b1271a42140099d375": "January and February", "5725f6e138643c19005acf19": "115 \u00b0F", - "5725f6e138643c19005acf1a": "July 8, 1905", + "5725f6e138643c19005acf1a": "January 6, 1913", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1b": "1885", - "5725f6e138643c19005acf1c": "2.2 inches", + "5725f6e138643c19005acf1c": "115 \u00b0F", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1d": "3.55 inches", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf23": "494,665", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf24": "245,306", - "5725f7cd38643c19005acf25": "8,525 (1.7%) Native American, 62,528", - "5725f7cd38643c19005acf26": "42.7%", - "5725f7cd38643c19005acf27": "1,700.6/km\u00b2). The racial makeup of Fresno was 245,306", - "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b1": "158,349 households, of which 68,511 (43.3%", - "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b2": "11,698 (7.4%", - "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b3": "1,388 (0.9%", - "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b4": "3.07. There were 111,529 families (70.4%", - "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b5": "3.07. There were 111,529 families (70.4%", - "5725fabc89a1e219009ac128": "427,652 people, 140,079 households, and 97,915", + "5725f7cd38643c19005acf25": "8,525", + "5725f7cd38643c19005acf26": "30.0%", + "5725f7cd38643c19005acf27": "4,404.5", + "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b1": "68,511", + "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b2": "7.4%", + "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b3": "12,843 (8.1%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 1,388", + "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b4": "3.62", + "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b5": "3.07", + "5725fabc89a1e219009ac128": "427,652", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac129": "149,025", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12a": "8.4%", - "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12b": "39.9%", + "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12b": "a third", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12c": "4,097.9 people per square mile", - "5725fb8138643c19005acf3f": "Federal Communications Commission", + "5725fb8138643c19005acf3f": "To avoid interference with existing VHF television stations in the San Francisco Bay Area", "5725fb8138643c19005acf40": "KMJ-TV", "5725fb8138643c19005acf41": "June 1, 1953", "5725fb8138643c19005acf42": "NBC affiliate KSEE", "5725fb8138643c19005acf43": "KMJ-TV", - "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ad": "Route 99, the main north/south freeway that connects the major population centers of the California Central Valley. State Route 168", + "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ad": "State Route 99", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ae": "Sierra Freeway", - "5725fcbe271a42140099d3af": "Route 41", - "5725fcbe271a42140099d3b0": "east in Kings Canyon National Park going towards the city of Reedley", + "5725fcbe271a42140099d3af": "State Route 41", + "5725fcbe271a42140099d3b0": "west", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7dd": "Fresno", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7de": "1950s", - "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7df": "interstate system", - "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7e0": "SR 99, as well as the desirability of Federal funding", + "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7df": "Route 99", + "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7e0": "rapidly raising population and traffic in cities along SR 99, as well as the desirability of Federal funding", "5725ff8238643c19005acf49": "Amtrak San Joaquins", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4a": "Downtown Fresno", - "5725ff8238643c19005acf4b": "The Bakersfield-Stockton mainlines of the Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway and Union Pacific Railroad railroads", - "5725ff8238643c19005acf4c": "California High Speed Rail", + "5725ff8238643c19005acf4b": "Union Pacific", + "5725ff8238643c19005acf4c": "San Joaquin Valley Railroad", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4d": "Fresno", - "5725d34089a1e219009abf50": "pre-allocation of network bandwidth", - "5725d34089a1e219009abf51": "a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages", - "5725d34089a1e219009abf52": "pre-allocation of network bandwidth", + "5725d34089a1e219009abf50": "telecommunications", + "5725d34089a1e219009abf51": "provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages", + "5725d34089a1e219009abf52": "theretofore established principles of pre-allocation of network bandwidth", "5725d34089a1e219009abf53": "coining the modern name packet switching and inspiring numerous packet switching networks in Europe", - "572632ceec44d21400f3dc2f": "Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching with the goal to provide a fault-tolerant", - "572632ceec44d21400f3dc30": "pre-allocation of network bandwidth", - "572632ceec44d21400f3dc31": "Davies", + "572632ceec44d21400f3dc2f": "Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching with the goal to provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages", + "572632ceec44d21400f3dc30": "provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages", + "572632ceec44d21400f3dc31": "Donald Davies", "5725d52f89a1e219009abf78": "another principal networking paradigm", "5725d52f89a1e219009abf79": "fee per unit of connection time", - "5725d52f89a1e219009abf7a": "a fee per unit of connection time", - "572634a789a1e219009ac56c": "a fee per unit of information", - "572634a789a1e219009ac56d": "a fee per unit of connection time", - "572634a789a1e219009ac56e": "a fee per unit of connection time", + "5725d52f89a1e219009abf7a": "a method which pre-allocates dedicated network bandwidth specifically for each communication session", + "572634a789a1e219009ac56c": "another principal networking paradigm", + "572634a789a1e219009ac56d": "circuit switching is characterized by a fee per unit of connection time", + "572634a789a1e219009ac56e": "a method which pre-allocates dedicated network bandwidth specifically for each communication session", "572634a789a1e219009ac56f": "a fee per unit of connection time", - "5726219489a1e219009ac2ce": "according to a multiple access scheme", - "5726219489a1e219009ac2cf": "by intermediate network nodes asynchronously using first-in, first-out buffering", - "5726219489a1e219009ac2d0": "radio or 10BASE5", - "5726356938643c19005ad2ff": "according to a multiple access scheme", - "5726356938643c19005ad300": "by intermediate network nodes asynchronously using first-in, first-out buffering", - "5726356938643c19005ad301": "physical medium (such as radio or 10BASE5", + "5726219489a1e219009ac2ce": "with or without intermediate forwarding nodes (packet switches or routers)", + "5726219489a1e219009ac2cf": "by intermediate network nodes asynchronously using first-in", + "5726219489a1e219009ac2d0": "according to a multiple access scheme", + "5726356938643c19005ad2ff": "with or without intermediate forwarding nodes (packet switches or routers)", + "5726356938643c19005ad300": "by intermediate network nodes asynchronously using first-in", + "5726356938643c19005ad301": "according to a multiple access scheme", "5726249538643c19005ad07f": "distributed adaptive message block switching", - "5726249538643c19005ad080": "distributed adaptive message block switching during his research at the RAND Corporation for the US Air Force into survivable communications networks", - "5726249538643c19005ad081": "a decentralized network with multiple paths between any two points", - "5726249538643c19005ad082": "packets, and delivery of these messages by store and forward switching", + "5726249538643c19005ad080": "distributed adaptive message block switching", + "5726249538643c19005ad081": "use of a decentralized network with multiple paths between any two points, dividing user messages into message blocks, later called packets", + "5726249538643c19005ad082": "by store and forward switching", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4a": "a general architecture for a large-scale, distributed, survivable communications network", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4c": "packets", - "57263677ec44d21400f3dc49": "distributed adaptive message block switching", - "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4b": "three key ideas", - "572629c6271a42140099d6a3": "Roger Scantlebury", - "572629c6271a42140099d6a4": "Roger Scantlebury", + "57263677ec44d21400f3dc49": "distributed adaptive message block", + "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4b": "use of a decentralized network with multiple paths between any two points", + "572629c6271a42140099d6a3": "the same message routing methodology", + "572629c6271a42140099d6a4": "packet switching", "572629c6271a42140099d6a5": "a nationwide network", - "572629c6271a42140099d6a6": "Operating System Principles", + "572629c6271a42140099d6a6": "ARPANET", "5726378238643c19005ad313": "Donald Davies", - "5726378238643c19005ad314": "Roger Scantlebury", + "5726378238643c19005ad314": "packet switching", "5726378238643c19005ad315": "Operating System Principles", - "5726385e271a42140099d797": "a destination address, source address, and port numbers", - "5726385e271a42140099d798": "individually, sometimes resulting in different paths and out-of-order delivery. Each packet is labeled with a destination address, source address, and port numbers", + "5726385e271a42140099d797": "complete addressing information", + "5726385e271a42140099d798": "The packets are routed individually", "5726385e271a42140099d799": "a destination address, source address, and port numbers", - "5726385e271a42140099d79a": "sometimes resulting in different paths and out-of-order delivery. Each packet is labeled with a destination address, source address, and port numbers", - "5726398589a1e219009ac58b": "Address information is only transferred to each node during the connection set-up phase", - "5726398589a1e219009ac58a": "Address information is only transferred to each node", - "5726398589a1e219009ac589": "Address information is only transferred to each node", - "5726398589a1e219009ac588": "Address information is only transferred to each node during the connection set-up phase", - "57263b1638643c19005ad333": "interconnect LANs across wide area networks", - "57263b1638643c19005ad335": "interconnect LANs across wide area networks. However, X.25", - "57263b1638643c19005ad334": "interconnect LANs across wide area networks", - "57263b1638643c19005ad336": "IP over ATM or a version of MPLS", + "5726385e271a42140099d79a": "Each packet is dispatched and may go via different routes", + "5726398589a1e219009ac58b": "The packet header can be small", + "5726398589a1e219009ac58a": "it only needs to contain this code and any information", + "5726398589a1e219009ac589": "address information", + "5726398589a1e219009ac588": "a setup phase in each involved node before any packet is transferred to establish the parameters of communication", + "57263b1638643c19005ad333": "a handshake", + "57263b1638643c19005ad335": "data link layer", + "57263b1638643c19005ad334": "interconnect LANs", + "57263b1638643c19005ad336": "to run IP over ATM or a version of MPLS", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7b": "1969", - "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7c": "Two fundamental differences involved the division of functions and tasks between the hosts at the edge of the network and the network core", - "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7d": "Datagram Protocol (UDP)", - "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7e": "this network type", - "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8d": "a plug-n-play system", - "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8e": "updated the distributed namespace", - "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8f": "updated the distributed namespace", + "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7c": "the division of functions and tasks between the hosts at the edge of the network and the network core", + "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7d": "datagram protocol", + "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7e": "this", + "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8d": "plug-n-play system", + "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8e": "local area networks to be established ad hoc without the requirement for a centralized router or server. The AppleTalk system automatically assigned addresses", + "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8f": "addresses", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc90": "plug-n-play", - "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a2": "CYCLADES packet switching network", - "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a3": "to make the hosts responsible for reliable delivery of data", - "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a4": "unreliable datagrams and associated end-to-end protocol mechanisms", + "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a2": "The CYCLADES packet switching network", + "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a3": "It was the first network to make the hosts responsible for reliable delivery of data", + "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a4": "It was the first network to make the hosts responsible for reliable delivery of data, rather than the network itself", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a5": "ARPANET architecture", - "57263ea0271a42140099d7c3": "OSI-compliant networking protocol. The DECnet protocols were designed entirely by Digital Equipment Corporation. However, DECnet Phase II", - "57263ea0271a42140099d7c4": "Phase II", + "57263ea0271a42140099d7c3": "a suite of network protocols", + "57263ea0271a42140099d7c4": "to connect two PDP-11 minicomputers", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c5": "seven", - "57263ea0271a42140099d7c6": "seven-layer OSI-compliant networking protocol", - "57263fd138643c19005ad37b": "Warner Sinback", - "57263fd138643c19005ad37c": "Schenectady, Phoenix, Chicago, and Phoenix) to facilitate a computer time-sharing", - "57263fd138643c19005ad37d": "Warner", - "57263fd138643c19005ad37e": "a time-sharing system", + "57263ea0271a42140099d7c6": "open standards with published specifications", + "57263fd138643c19005ad37b": "a high-level marketing manager", + "57263fd138643c19005ad37c": "Schenectady, Phoenix, Chicago, and Phoenix", + "57263fd138643c19005ad37d": "a time-sharing system, based on Kemney's work at Dartmouth\u2014which used a computer on loan from GE", + "57263fd138643c19005ad37e": "time-sharing system", "5726414e271a42140099d7e5": "to help the state's educational and economic development", - "5726414e271a42140099d7e6": "Over the next several years", - "5726414e271a42140099d7e7": "mid-1980s", - "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf5": "CCITT. Telenet was incorporated in 1973 and started operations in 1975. It went public in 1979 and was then sold to GTE", + "5726414e271a42140099d7e6": "NSFNET project", + "5726414e271a42140099d7e7": "All of this set the stage for Merit's role in the NSFNET project starting in the mid-1980s", + "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf5": "GTE", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf6": "Larry Roberts", - "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf7": "CCITT. Telenet was incorporated in 1973", + "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf7": "making ARPANET technology public", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf8": "ARPANET technology", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf9": "GTE", - "5726431aec44d21400f3dd13": "dozens of other public networks in the U.S. and internationally via X.25/X.75 gateways", - "5726431aec44d21400f3dd14": "dozens of other public networks", + "5726431aec44d21400f3dd13": "Mr. Tyme", + "5726431aec44d21400f3dd14": "dial-up connections or dedicated async connections", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd15": "via dial-up connections or dedicated async connections", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd16": "build their own dedicated networks", - "5726431aec44d21400f3dd17": "build their own dedicated networks", + "5726431aec44d21400f3dd17": "reach locations not on the private network", "572643de5951261400b5195a": "two", "572643de5951261400b5195b": "Bell Northern Research", - "572643de5951261400b5195c": "Deutsche Bundespost. X.75 and X.121", - "5726446a89cfff1900a8404d": "remote terminal access to academic institutions", - "5726446a89cfff1900a8404e": "remote terminal access to academic institutions", - "5726446a89cfff1900a8404f": "remote terminal access to academic institutions", - "57264586f1498d1400e8dac6": "PAD service Telepad", - "57264586f1498d1400e8dac7": "Dutch PTT Telecom (now known as KPN). Strictly speaking Datanet 1 only referred to the network and the connected users via leased lines", - "57264586f1498d1400e8dac8": "PAD service Telepad", - "57264586f1498d1400e8dac9": "PAD service Telepad", - "5726462b708984140094c117": "a computer network funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation", - "5726462b708984140094c118": "to extend networking benefits", - "5726462b708984140094c119": "ARPANET", - "5726472bdd62a815002e8042": "Abilene, in 1998 and was a prime investor in the National LambdaRail", + "572643de5951261400b5195c": "interconnection of national X.25 networks", + "5726446a89cfff1900a8404d": "first public packet-switched data network", + "5726446a89cfff1900a8404e": "applications such as on-line betting, financial applications", + "5726446a89cfff1900a8404f": "Access can be via a dial-up terminal to a PAD, or, by linking a permanent X.25 node to the network", + "57264586f1498d1400e8dac6": "the network and the connected users via leased lines", + "57264586f1498d1400e8dac7": "only referred to the network and the connected users", + "57264586f1498d1400e8dac8": "public PAD service Telepad", + "57264586f1498d1400e8dac9": "Datanet 1 only referred to the network and the connected users via leased lines", + "5726462b708984140094c117": "a computer network funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) that began operation in 1981", + "5726462b708984140094c118": "to extend networking benefits, for computer science departments at academic and research institutions", + "5726462b708984140094c119": "authorization limitations", + "5726472bdd62a815002e8042": "The Internet2 community", "5726472bdd62a815002e8043": "Qwest", "5726472bdd62a815002e8044": "Abilene", "5726472bdd62a815002e8045": "Qwest", - "5726472bdd62a815002e8046": "Internet2 Network", - "572647e2dd62a815002e805c": "supercomputing centers", - "572647e2dd62a815002e805d": "advanced research and education networking", - "572647e2dd62a815002e805e": "advanced research and education networking", - "572648d1708984140094c15d": "a National Science Foundation", + "5726472bdd62a815002e8046": "Abilene", + "572647e2dd62a815002e805c": "The National Science Foundation Network", + "572647e2dd62a815002e805d": "advanced research and education networking in the United States", + "572647e2dd62a815002e805e": "45 Mbit/s (T3) that were constructed to support NSF's networking initiatives from 1985-1995", + "572648d1708984140094c15d": "National Science Foundation", "572648d1708984140094c15e": "went on to upgrade the entire backbone to OC-48c", - "572648d1708984140094c15f": "MCI Telecommunications under a cooperative agreement with the NSF", - "572648d1708984140094c160": "100", - "572648d1708984140094c161": "to OC-48c", - "57264684708984140094c123": "Central Asia", - "57264684708984140094c124": "30\u201360% of Europe's total population", + "572648d1708984140094c15f": "MCI Telecommunications", + "572648d1708984140094c160": "more than 100", + "572648d1708984140094c161": "OC-48c", + "57264684708984140094c123": "the arid plains of Central Asia", + "57264684708984140094c124": "Spreading throughout the Mediterranean and Europe, the Black Death is estimated to have killed 30\u201360% of Europe's total population", "57264684708984140094c125": "30\u201360%", - "57264684708984140094c126": "14th century", - "57264684708984140094c127": "17th century", - "572647935951b619008f6ec9": "plague disease", + "57264684708984140094c126": "the 17th century", + "57264684708984140094c127": "until the 17th century", + "572647935951b619008f6ec9": "The plague disease", "572647935951b619008f6eca": "1338\u201339", "572647935951b619008f6ecb": "China", - "572647935951b619008f6ecc": "1347", + "572647935951b619008f6ecc": "1331", "572647935951b619008f6ecd": "25 million", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0a": "Genoese traders", - "57264845f1498d1400e8db0b": "Jani Beg", - "57264845f1498d1400e8db0c": "Jani Beg was suffering from the disease, the army catapulted the infected corpses", - "57264845f1498d1400e8db0d": "Sicily", - "57264845f1498d1400e8db0e": "Black Death", - "572648ed5951b619008f6f03": "northwest", - "572648ed5951b619008f6f04": "Italy", - "572648ed5951b619008f6f05": "their neighbours, including the Kingdom of Poland, the majority of the Basque Country, isolated parts of Belgium and the Netherlands, and isolated alpine villages", - "572648ed5951b619008f6f06": "Germany and Scandinavia from 1348 to 1350. It was introduced in Norway in 1349 when a ship landed at Ask\u00f8y", + "57264845f1498d1400e8db0b": "Mongol army under Jani Beg", + "57264845f1498d1400e8db0c": "the infected corpses", + "57264845f1498d1400e8db0d": "port city of Kaffa", + "57264845f1498d1400e8db0e": "weather", + "572648ed5951b619008f6f03": "From Italy, the disease spread northwest across Europe, striking France, Spain, Portugal and England by June 1348, then turned and spread east through Germany", + "572648ed5951b619008f6f04": "Russia", + "572648ed5951b619008f6f05": "Basque Country, isolated parts of Belgium and the Netherlands, and isolated alpine villages", + "572648ed5951b619008f6f06": "Germany", "572648ed5951b619008f6f07": "1349", - "57264991f1498d1400e8db2e": "depopulation", + "57264991f1498d1400e8db2e": "serious depopulation", "57264991f1498d1400e8db2f": "autumn 1347", - "57264991f1498d1400e8db30": "through the port's trade", - "57264991f1498d1400e8db31": "north", - "57264a74708984140094c18b": "atra mors", + "57264991f1498d1400e8db30": "through the port's trade with Constantinople, and ports on the Black Sea", + "57264991f1498d1400e8db31": "the north", + "57264a74708984140094c18b": "J.I. Pontanus", "57264a74708984140094c18c": "atra mors", - "57264a74708984140094c18d": "atra mors", + "57264a74708984140094c18d": "J.I. Pontanus", "57264a74708984140094c18e": "1823", - "57264a74708984140094c18f": "Scandinavia and then Germany", - "57264b3edd62a815002e80aa": "the heavens", + "57264a74708984140094c18f": "Germany", + "57264b3edd62a815002e80aa": "bad air", "57264b3edd62a815002e80ab": "king of France", "57264b3edd62a815002e80ac": "Miasma theory", "57264b3edd62a815002e80ad": "Miasma theory", - "57264c42dd62a815002e80c6": "plague theory", - "57264c42dd62a815002e80c7": "1865", - "57264c42dd62a815002e80c8": "Hong Kong in 1894, among whom was the French-Swiss bacteriologist Alexandre Yersin", - "57264c42dd62a815002e80c9": "Yersinia pestis", - "57264c42dd62a815002e80ca": "rodents: one resistant to the disease", + "57264c42dd62a815002e80c6": "Yersinia pestis", + "57264c42dd62a815002e80c7": "southern China", + "57264c42dd62a815002e80c8": "French-Swiss bacteriologist Alexandre Yersin", + "57264c42dd62a815002e80c9": "The mechanism by which Y. pestis", + "57264c42dd62a815002e80ca": "two populations of rodents", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e4": "Francis Aidan Gasquet", - "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e5": "bubonic plague", + "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e5": "some form of the ordinary Eastern or bubonic plague", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e6": "1908", - "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e7": "the 'Great Pestilence' in 1893 and suggested that \"it would appear to be some form of the ordinary Eastern or bubonic plague\"", - "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e8": "bubonic plague", + "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e7": "the 'Great Pestilence", + "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e8": "the Justinian plague", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7a": "30\u201375%", - "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7b": "near 100%", + "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7b": "38\u201341 \u00b0C", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7c": "80 percent", - "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7d": "near 100%", - "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7e": "fever, cough, and blood-tinged sputum", + "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7d": "90 to 95 percent", + "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7e": "sputum", "57264e2f708984140094c1e1": "October 2010", - "57264e2f708984140094c1e2": "a paper by a multinational team who undertook a new investigation into the role of Yersinia pestis in the Black Death", + "57264e2f708984140094c1e2": "that devastated Europe during the Middle Ages", "57264e2f708984140094c1e3": "the presence of DNA/RNA with Polymerase Chain Reaction", - "57264e2f708984140094c1e4": "northern, central and southern Europe", - "57264e2f708984140094c1e5": "a multinational team who undertook a new investigation into the role of Yersinia pestis in the Black Death", - "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbae": "genetic branches) of the Y. pestis genome associated with medieval mass graves", - "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbaf": "Y. p. orientalis", - "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb0": "orientalis and Y. p. medievalis, suggesting the plague may have entered Europe in two waves", - "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb1": "November 1347", + "57264e2f708984140094c1e4": "from the tooth sockets in human skeletons from mass graves in northern, central and southern Europe", + "57264e2f708984140094c1e5": "the causative agent of the epidemic plague that devastated Europe during the Middle Ages", + "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbae": "genetic branches", + "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbaf": "Y. p. orientalis and Y. p. medievalis", + "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb0": "may have entered Europe in two waves", + "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb1": "around November 1347", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb2": "spring of 1349", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa1": "confirmed and amended", - "57264fe65951b619008f6fa2": "East Smithfield burial site in England", - "57264fe65951b619008f6fa3": "most modern strains of the disease", + "57264fe65951b619008f6fa2": "East Smithfield", + "57264fe65951b619008f6fa3": "no longer exist", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa4": "October 2011", "5726509bdd62a815002e815a": "J. F. D. Shrewsbury", - "5726509bdd62a815002e815b": "rural areas during the 14th-century pandemic were inconsistent with the modern bubonic plague", - "5726509bdd62a815002e815c": "rural areas during the 14th-century pandemic were inconsistent with the modern bubonic plague", - "5726509bdd62a815002e815d": "zoologist Graham Twigg produced the first major work to challenge the bubonic plague theory", - "5726509bdd62a815002e815e": "zoologist", - "5726516a708984140094c223": "epidemiological account of the plague", + "5726509bdd62a815002e815b": "reported rates of mortality in rural areas", + "5726509bdd62a815002e815c": "the identity of the Black Death", + "5726509bdd62a815002e815d": "the first major work to challenge the bubonic plague theory", + "5726509bdd62a815002e815e": "Samuel K. Cohn, Jr.", + "5726516a708984140094c223": "epidemiological account", "5726516a708984140094c224": "lack of reliable statistics", "5726516a708984140094c225": "over 100%", - "5726516a708984140094c226": "the clergy", + "5726516a708984140094c226": "figures from the clergy", "5726516a708984140094c227": "1377", - "57265285708984140094c25b": "DNA results may be flawed", - "57265285708984140094c25c": "5 to 15 years", - "57265285708984140094c25d": "repeated elsewhere", - "57265285708984140094c25e": "5 to 15 years", + "57265285708984140094c25b": "temperatures that are too cold", + "57265285708984140094c25c": "marginal significance", + "57265285708984140094c25d": "temperatures that are too cold in northern Europe for the survival of fleas", + "57265285708984140094c25e": "faster", "57265285708984140094c25f": "5 to 15 years", - "5726534d708984140094c26d": "a form of anthrax", - "5726534d708984140094c26e": "pandemic", - "5726534d708984140094c26f": "typhus, smallpox", - "5726534d708984140094c270": "blood poisoning\") and pneumonic (an airborne plague that attacks the lungs before the rest of the body) forms of the plague", + "5726534d708984140094c26d": "anthrax", + "5726534d708984140094c26e": "pneumonic", + "5726534d708984140094c26f": "typhus, smallpox and respiratory infections", + "5726534d708984140094c270": "a type of \"blood poisoning\"", "5726534d708984140094c271": "25", - "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc28": "40%", - "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc29": "40%", - "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2a": "suggesting at least some pre-planning and Christian burials at this time. Before 1350, there were about 170,000 settlements in Germany", - "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2b": "100,000", - "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2c": "contagion", - "572654e2708984140094c2b7": "1346 and 1671", - "572654e2708984140094c2b8": "the plague", - "572654e2708984140094c2b9": "million", - "5726559edd62a815002e81c8": "propose a range of preincident population figures from as high as 7 million to as low as 4 million", - "5726559edd62a815002e81c9": "1350", + "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc28": "50%", + "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc29": "Half of Paris's population of 100,000", + "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2a": "some pre-planning and Christian burials", + "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2b": "as much as 50%", + "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2c": "Monks and priests", + "572654e2708984140094c2b7": "between 1346 and 1671", + "572654e2708984140094c2b8": "the retreat", + "572654e2708984140094c2b9": "a million", + "5726559edd62a815002e81c8": "propose a range of preincident population figures", + "5726559edd62a815002e81c9": "end of 1350", "5726559edd62a815002e81ca": "20%", "5726559edd62a815002e81cb": "1665", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc68": "40,000", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc69": "Russia", - "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6b": "Plague", - "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6c": "1348\u201350. The last plague outbreak ravaged Oslo in 1654", - "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6a": "22 times between 1361 and 1528. The plague of 1576\u201377 killed 50,000", - "57265700dd62a815002e820e": "1.25 million", - "57265700dd62a815002e820f": "1.25 million", - "57265700dd62a815002e8210": "1.25 million", - "57265700dd62a815002e8211": "Sweden v. Russia", + "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6b": "Italian Plague of 1629\u20131631", + "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6c": "1654", + "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6a": "22 times", + "57265700dd62a815002e820e": "1.7 million", + "57265700dd62a815002e820f": "about half of Naples' 300,000 inhabitants", + "57265700dd62a815002e8210": "More than 1.25 million", + "57265700dd62a815002e8211": "Sweden v. Russia and allies", "57265700dd62a815002e8212": "1720", "5726577f708984140094c301": "1500 and 1850", - "5726577f708984140094c302": "50 thousand", - "5726577f708984140094c303": "1500 and 1850", + "5726577f708984140094c302": "30 to 50 thousand", + "5726577f708984140094c303": "between 1500 and 1850", "5726577f708984140094c304": "two-thirds", - "572657d9dd62a815002e8230": "magma and/or lava", - "572657d9dd62a815002e8231": "igneous rock. This rock can be weathered and eroded, and then redeposited and lithified into a sedimentary rock", - "572657d9dd62a815002e8232": "when this happens, a new magma is formed, from which an igneous rock may once again crystallize", + "572657d9dd62a815002e8230": "melt", + "572657d9dd62a815002e8231": "metamorphic rock", + "572657d9dd62a815002e8232": "magma", "572657d9dd62a815002e8233": "igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic", "572657d9dd62a815002e8234": "heat and pressure", "57265d08708984140094c397": "seafloor spreading", - "57265d08708984140094c398": "the crust and rigid uppermost", + "57265d08708984140094c398": "the crust and rigid uppermost portion", "57265d08708984140094c399": "asthenosphere", - "57265d08708984140094c39a": "oceanic plate motions and mantle convection currents", + "57265d08708984140094c39a": "oceanic plate motions and mantle convection currents always move in the same direction, because the oceanic lithosphere", "57265d08708984140094c39b": "1960s", - "57265f605951b619008f70db": "Arcs of volcanoes and earthquakes", - "57265f605951b619008f70dc": "San Andreas fault system", + "57265f605951b619008f70db": "Mid-ocean ridges", + "57265f605951b619008f70dc": "Arcs of volcanoes and earthquakes were explained as convergent boundaries, where one plate subducts under another. Transform boundaries", "57265f605951b619008f70dd": "San Andreas fault system", - "57265f605951b619008f70de": "San Andreas fault system, resulted in widespread powerful earthquakes. Plate tectonics also provided a mechanism for Alfred Wegener", + "57265f605951b619008f70de": "Alfred Wegener", "57265f605951b619008f70df": "convecting mantle", "57266193dd62a815002e832a": "seismic waves", - "57266193dd62a815002e832b": "liquid outer core (where shear waves were not able to propagate) and a dense solid inner core", + "57266193dd62a815002e832b": "solid inner core", "57266193dd62a815002e832d": "410 and 660 kilometers", - "57266193dd62a815002e832e": "wave speeds inside the earth in the same way a doctor images a body in a CT scan", - "57266193dd62a815002e832c": "seismic discontinuities at 410 and 660 kilometers", - "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf2": "an expanded scale", - "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf4": "the Quaternary is a very short period with short epochs", - "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf5": "Pleistocene", - "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf6": "short epochs", - "572665ff708984140094c4c3": "cross-cutting relationships pertains to the formation of faults and the age of the sequences through which they cut", - "572665ff708984140094c4c4": "older than the fault, and the ones that are not cut must be younger than the fault", - "572665ff708984140094c4c5": "the key bed in these situations", - "572665ff708984140094c4c6": "younger than the rocks they cut", + "57266193dd62a815002e832e": "wave speeds", + "57266193dd62a815002e832c": "seismic discontinuities at 410 and 660 kilometers), and the outer core and inner core below that", + "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf2": "the most recent eon with an expanded scale", + "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf4": "Quaternary", + "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf5": "Holocene", + "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf6": "Quaternary period", + "572665ff708984140094c4c3": "The principle of cross-cutting relationships", + "572665ff708984140094c4c4": "older", + "572665ff708984140094c4c5": "Finding the key bed", + "572665ff708984140094c4c6": "older", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de90": "xenoliths", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de91": "magma or lava flows", - "572667e2f1498d1400e8de92": "clasts) are found in a formation", - "572667e2f1498d1400e8de93": "if inclusions (or clasts) are found in a formation", - "572667e2f1498d1400e8de94": "gravel from an older formation to be ripped up and included in a newer layer", - "572669a9dd62a815002e8416": "faunal succession", + "572667e2f1498d1400e8de92": "clasts", + "572667e2f1498d1400e8de93": "xenoliths", + "572667e2f1498d1400e8de94": "gravel from an older formation", + "572669a9dd62a815002e8416": "The principle of faunal succession", "572669a9dd62a815002e8417": "William Smith", - "572669a9dd62a815002e8418": "a relative age of the formations", - "572669a9dd62a815002e8419": "relative age of the formations", + "572669a9dd62a815002e8418": "succession", + "572669a9dd62a815002e8419": "The principle of faunal succession", "572669a9dd62a815002e841a": "William Smith", "57266c015951b619008f7237": "20th century", "57266c015951b619008f7238": "stratigraphic", - "57266c015951b619008f7239": "rock units", + "57266c015951b619008f7239": "new absolute ages", "57266c015951b619008f723a": "one another", "57266c015951b619008f723b": "fossil sequences", - "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8c": "temperature profiles within the crust, the uplift of mountain ranges, and paleotopography", - "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8d": "geochronologic", - "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8e": "geochronologic and thermochronologic studies", - "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8f": "calibrate relative dating techniques", - "5726701add62a815002e84c8": "horizontal compression, they shorten and become thicker", + "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8c": "Thermochemical techniques", + "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8d": "closure temperature", + "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8e": "isotope ratios", + "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8f": "stratigraphic sequence", + "5726701add62a815002e84c8": "horizontal", "5726701add62a815002e84c9": "deeper rock to move on top of shallower rock", - "5726701add62a815002e84ca": "anticlines and synclines", - "5726701add62a815002e84cb": "anticlines and synclines", + "5726701add62a815002e84ca": "synforms", + "5726701add62a815002e84cb": "synforms", "5726701add62a815002e84cc": "anticlines and synclines", - "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe4": "higher below those that are lower", + "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe4": "Extension", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe5": "boudins", - "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe6": "over a length of less than a meter", + "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe6": "there is a location within the Maria Fold and Thrust Belt", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe7": "metamorphosed", - "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe8": "ductile stretching and thinning", + "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe8": "longer and thinner", "572673f5708984140094c69b": "Dikes", - "572673f5708984140094c69c": "tube of a volcano", + "572673f5708984140094c69c": "around the lava tube of a volcano", "572673f5708984140094c69d": "topographic gradients", - "572673f5708984140094c69e": "Continual motion along the fault maintains the topographic gradient in spite of the movement of sediment", - "572673f5708984140094c69f": "Deformational events", + "572673f5708984140094c69e": "volcanism", + "572673f5708984140094c69f": "Deformational", "57267640f1498d1400e8e074": "basaltic lava flows", - "57267640f1498d1400e8e075": "northwestern Canada", - "57267640f1498d1400e8e076": "basaltic lava flows. The sedimentary sequences", - "57267640f1498d1400e8e077": "since Cambrian time", + "57267640f1498d1400e8e075": "the Acasta gneiss of the Slave craton", + "57267640f1498d1400e8e076": "almost-undeformed stacks of sedimentary rocks", + "57267640f1498d1400e8e077": "Cambrian time", "57267640f1498d1400e8e078": "northwestern Canada", - "572677e7708984140094c723": "stratigraphy", - "572677e7708984140094c724": "petrology (the study of rocks), stratigraphy (the study of sedimentary layers", - "572677e7708984140094c725": "stratigraphy", + "572677e7708984140094c723": "the study of rocks", + "572677e7708984140094c724": "the study of sedimentary layers", + "572677e7708984140094c725": "the study of positions of rock units and their deformation", "572677e7708984140094c726": "modern soils, rivers, landscapes, and glaciers", - "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ec": "an electron microprobe", - "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ed": "birefringence, pleochroism, twinning", + "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ec": "rock samples", + "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ed": "birefringence, pleochroism, twinning, and interference properties", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ee": "geochemical evolution of rock units", - "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ef": "the laboratory", - "57267947f1498d1400e8e0f0": "electron microprobe", - "57267b3c5951b619008f7423": "igneous and metamorphic processes", - "57267b3c5951b619008f7424": "fluid inclusion data and perform high temperature and pressure physical experiments to understand the temperatures and pressures", - "57267b3c5951b619008f7425": "temperatures and pressures", - "57267d52708984140094c7d9": "microscopic analysis of oriented thin sections of geologic samples", + "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ef": "in the laboratory", + "57267947f1498d1400e8e0f0": "optical microscopy and by using an electron microprobe", + "57267b3c5951b619008f7423": "fluid inclusion data and perform high temperature and pressure physical experiments", + "57267b3c5951b619008f7424": "fluid inclusion data and perform high temperature and pressure physical experiments", + "57267b3c5951b619008f7425": "metamorphic processes", + "57267d52708984140094c7d9": "Structural", "57267d52708984140094c7da": "gives information about strain", - "57267d52708984140094c7db": "plot and combine measurements of geological structures in order to better understand the orientations of faults and folds in order to reconstruct the history of rock deformation", + "57267d52708984140094c7db": "reconstruct the history of rock deformation in the area", "57267d52708984140094c7dc": "analog and numerical experiments", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872c": "orogenic wedges", - "57267ebfdd62a815002e872d": "orogenic wedges", + "57267ebfdd62a815002e872d": "those involving orogenic wedges", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872e": "sand", - "57267ebfdd62a815002e872f": "orogenic wedge", + "57267ebfdd62a815002e872f": "all angles remain the same", "57267ebfdd62a815002e8730": "Numerical models work in the same way as these analog models, though they are often more sophisticated", - "57268066708984140094c821": "geophysical surveys", + "57268066708984140094c821": "stratigraphers", "57268066708984140094c822": "geophysical surveys", - "57268066708984140094c823": "Geophysical data and well logs", + "57268066708984140094c823": "well logs", "57268066708984140094c824": "computer programs", - "57268066708984140094c825": "water, coal, and hydrocarbon extraction", - "57268220f1498d1400e8e218": "provide better absolute bounds on the timing and rates of deposition", - "57268220f1498d1400e8e216": "biostratigraphers", - "57268220f1498d1400e8e219": "stratigraphers", + "57268066708984140094c825": "water, coal, and hydrocarbon", + "57268220f1498d1400e8e218": "to provide better absolute bounds on the timing and rates of deposition", + "57268220f1498d1400e8e216": "biostratigrapher", + "57268220f1498d1400e8e219": "Magnetic stratigraphers", "57268220f1498d1400e8e217": "Geochronologists", "572683f95951b619008f7525": "Persia", "572683f95951b619008f7526": "Abu al-Rayhan al-Biruni", - "572683f95951b619008f7527": "polymath Shen Kuo", - "572683f95951b619008f7528": "Fielding H. Garrison", + "572683f95951b619008f7527": "the polymath Shen Kuo", + "572683f95951b619008f7528": "Ibn Sina", "572683f95951b619008f7529": "deposition of silt", "57268527708984140094c8bf": "James Hutton", - "57268527708984140094c8c0": "Theory of the Earth to the Royal Society of Edinburgh", + "57268527708984140094c8c0": "Theory of the Earth", "57268527708984140094c8c1": "1795", "57268527708984140094c8c2": "Theory of the Earth to the Royal Society of Edinburgh", "572686ac5951b619008f75a9": "William Maclure", "572686ac5951b619008f75aa": "1809", "572686ac5951b619008f75ab": "1807", - "572686ac5951b619008f75ad": "Geology of the United States explanatory of a Geological Map", - "572686ac5951b619008f75ac": "American Philosophical Society", + "572686ac5951b619008f75ad": "Observations on the Geology of the United States explanatory of a Geological Map", + "572686ac5951b619008f75ac": "the American Philosophical Society", "57268882f1498d1400e8e306": "Principles of Geology", "57268882f1498d1400e8e307": "uniformitarianism", "57268882f1498d1400e8e308": "catastrophism", "57268882f1498d1400e8e309": "catastrophism", "57268882f1498d1400e8e30a": "Charles Darwin", - "5726642f5951b619008f7157": "446", - "5726642f5951b619008f7158": "446 km) north of London on the northern bank of the River Tyne, 8.5", - "5726642f5951b619008f7159": "Eurocities", + "5726642f5951b619008f7157": "103", + "5726642f5951b619008f7158": "8.5", + "5726642f5951b619008f7159": "the English Core Cities Group", "5726642f5951b619008f715a": "Northumberland", "5726642f5951b619008f715b": "Geordie", "5726651ff1498d1400e8de30": "Robert Curthose", - "5726651ff1498d1400e8de31": "wool trade", + "5726651ff1498d1400e8de31": "the wool", "5726651ff1498d1400e8de32": "coal", - "5726651ff1498d1400e8de33": "16th century", - "5726651ff1498d1400e8de34": "Great North Run", + "5726651ff1498d1400e8de33": "16th", + "5726651ff1498d1400e8de34": "the Great North Run", "5726660d5951b619008f71b1": "Pons Aelius", "5726660d5951b619008f71b2": "River Tyne", "5726660d5951b619008f71b3": "2,000", - "5726660d5951b619008f71b4": "rian", - "5726660d5951b619008f71b5": "Pictish tribes", + "5726660d5951b619008f71b4": "Hadrian's", + "5726660d5951b619008f71b5": "Pictish", "572666d9dd62a815002e83b4": "England", "572666d9dd62a815002e83b5": "Elizabeth", - "572666d9dd62a815002e83b6": "25-foot", + "572666d9dd62a815002e83b6": "A 25-foot", "572666d9dd62a815002e83b7": "William the Lion", - "572666d9dd62a815002e83b8": "three", - "57266783f1498d1400e8de86": "coal from Tyneside to Newcastle Quayside", + "572666d9dd62a815002e83b8": "three times", + "57266783f1498d1400e8de86": "coal", "57266783f1498d1400e8de87": "the Hostmen", "57266783f1498d1400e8de88": "a pointless pursuit", - "57266783f1498d1400e8de89": "defied this idiom", - "57266783f1498d1400e8de8a": "ruin him", - "57266a15f1498d1400e8def6": "close-knit community of keelmen and their families", + "57266783f1498d1400e8de89": "eccentric", + "57266783f1498d1400e8de8a": "defied this idiom. He was persuaded to sail a shipment of coal to Newcastle by merchants plotting to ruin", + "57266a15f1498d1400e8def6": "their families", "57266a15f1498d1400e8def7": "boats", "57266a15f1498d1400e8def8": "7,000 out of 20,000", "57266a15f1498d1400e8def9": "47%", - "57266a15f1498d1400e8defa": "devastating loss", + "57266a15f1498d1400e8defa": "loss", "57266ab3dd62a815002e8434": "the King", "57266ab3dd62a815002e8435": "the Scots", - "57266ab3dd62a815002e8436": "the Lawe", - "57266ab3dd62a815002e8437": "a brave defence\") upon the town", + "57266ab3dd62a815002e8436": "drummes", + "57266ab3dd62a815002e8437": "Triumphing by a brave defence", "57266ab3dd62a815002e8438": "Charles I", - "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df53": "urbanization", - "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df54": "Maling", + "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df53": "urbanization of the city.", + "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df54": "Maling company", "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df55": "electric lighting", - "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df52": "heavy engineering were central to the city's prosperity; and the city was a powerhouse of the Industrial Revolution", - "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df56": "steam turbine", + "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df52": "central to the city's prosperity", + "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df56": "the steam turbine", "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df78": "medieval", "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df79": "Narrow alleys", "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df7a": "Stairs", - "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df7b": "Sandhill and Quayside contain modern buildings", - "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df7c": "Bessie Surtees House, the Cooperage and Lloyds Quayside Bars, Derwentwater", - "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a0": "neoclassical centre referred to as Tyneside Classical largely developed in the 1830s by Richard Grainger and John Dobson, and recently extensively restored", - "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a1": "England's best-looking city and the late German-born British scholar of architecture, Nikolaus Pevsner, describes Grey Street", + "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df7b": "modern buildings", + "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df7c": "a restaurant situated at a Grade I-listed 16th century merchant's house", + "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a0": "an extensive neoclassical centre referred to as Tyneside Classical", + "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a1": "England's best-looking city", "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a2": "Grey Street", "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a3": "1960s", - "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a4": "Grainger Town was demolished in the 1960s to make way for the Eldon Square Shopping Centre", - "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa4": "Town Moor", - "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa5": "Hyde Park and Hampstead Heath put together and the freemen of the city have the right to graze cattle", + "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a4": "one side", + "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa4": "the Town Moor", + "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa5": "the freemen of the city have the right to graze cattle on it", "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa7": "The Hoppings funfair", "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa8": "June", - "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa6": "King Harald V of Norway", + "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa6": "freemen", "57267076708984140094c601": "Large-scale regeneration", - "57267076708984140094c602": "the Gateshead Millennium Bridge was commissioned by Gateshead Council", - "57267076708984140094c603": "Norman", - "57267076708984140094c604": "a thriving, cosmopolitan area with bars, restaurants and public spaces", + "57267076708984140094c602": "Gateshead Council", + "57267076708984140094c603": "the Norman Foster", + "57267076708984140094c604": "to spearhead the regeneration of the North-East", "57267076708984140094c605": "ten", - "572671165951b619008f72b7": "Grainger Town area", - "572671165951b619008f72b8": "1835 and 1842", + "572671165951b619008f72b7": "the Grainger Town area", + "572671165951b619008f72b8": "between 1835 and 1842", "572671165951b619008f72b9": "four", "572671165951b619008f72ba": "244", "572671e55951b619008f72d7": "the Butcher Market", "572671e55951b619008f72d8": "1835", "572671e55951b619008f72d9": "2000", - "572671e55951b619008f72da": "2000 guests", + "572671e55951b619008f72da": "a painting of this event", "572671e55951b619008f72db": "English Heritage", - "57267383dd62a815002e8552": "oceanic", - "57267383dd62a815002e8553": "milder than some other locations in the world at a similar latitude, due to the warming", + "57267383dd62a815002e8552": "milder", + "57267383dd62a815002e8553": "warming", "57267383dd62a815002e8554": "rain", - "57267383dd62a815002e8555": "August 1990 down to \u221212.6 \u00b0C (9.3 \u00b0F) during January 1982", - "57267383dd62a815002e8556": "British Isles", + "57267383dd62a815002e8555": "January 1982", + "57267383dd62a815002e8556": "the remainder of the British Isles", "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03a": "2010", - "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03b": "Eldon Square", - "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03c": "Bainbridges. Newcastle store Bainbridge's, opened in 1838, is often cited as the world\u2019s first department store", - "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03d": "full redevelopment", - "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03e": "March 2007", - "5726769c708984140094c711": "Eldon Garden and Monument Mall complexes, the Newgate Centre, Central Arcade and the traditional Grainger Market", - "5726769c708984140094c712": "Tesco", + "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03b": "Eldon Square Shopping Centre", + "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03c": "Bainbridge's", + "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03d": "by department, giving birth to the name department store", + "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03e": "2007", + "5726769c708984140094c711": "shopping destinations", + "5726769c708984140094c712": "suburban shopping areas", "5726769c708984140094c713": "Tesco store", "5726769c708984140094c714": "MetroCentre", "5726769c708984140094c715": "Gateshead", "5726778df1498d1400e8e0ac": "Tyneside flat", "5726778df1498d1400e8e0ad": "terraces", - "5726778df1498d1400e8e0ae": "Tyneside flat", - "5726778df1498d1400e8e0af": "high density", - "5726778df1498d1400e8e0b0": "high density", + "5726778df1498d1400e8e0ae": "Ouseburn valley", + "5726778df1498d1400e8e0af": "Architects", + "5726778df1498d1400e8e0b0": "development in the Ouseburn valley has recreated them; Architects Cany Ash and Robert Sakula were attracted by the possibilities of high density", "572678c0dd62a815002e863e": "7.8%", "572678c0dd62a815002e863f": "highest of the five colour-coded brackets at 5.9%", - "572678c0dd62a815002e8640": "five colour-coded", - "572678c0dd62a815002e8641": "Cheltenham, Bath", - "572678c0dd62a815002e8642": "Harrogate, Cheltenham, Bath, inner London, Hastings, Brighton and Tunbridge Wells", + "572678c0dd62a815002e8640": "overinflated", + "572678c0dd62a815002e8641": "overinflated markets", + "572678c0dd62a815002e8642": "local authorities", "572679c35951b619008f73db": "2001", - "572679c35951b619008f73dc": "metropolitan borough of Newcastle", - "572679c35951b619008f73dd": "student population with Newcastle and Northumbria Universities in the local area. Areas with predominant student populations include Jesmond and Heaton", - "572679c35951b619008f73de": "Tyneside conurbation", - "572679c35951b619008f73df": "Northumbria Universities", + "572679c35951b619008f73dc": "Newcastle", + "572679c35951b619008f73dd": "student", + "572679c35951b619008f73de": "Universities", + "572679c35951b619008f73df": "student populations", "57267a94f1498d1400e8e122": "37.8", - "57267a94f1498d1400e8e123": "Scottish or Irish ancestors", - "57267a94f1498d1400e8e124": "Border Reiver", + "57267a94f1498d1400e8e123": "Scottish", + "57267a94f1498d1400e8e124": "Reiver", "57267a94f1498d1400e8e125": "2,000", "57267a94f1498d1400e8e126": "1%", "57267b65dd62a815002e86a6": "Geordie", - "57267b65dd62a815002e86a7": "Anglo-Saxon", - "57267b65dd62a815002e86a8": "Norman French", - "57267b65dd62a815002e86a9": "larn\" (from the Anglo-Saxon \"laeran\", meaning \"teach\"), \"burn", - "57267b65dd62a815002e86aa": "larn\" (from the Anglo-Saxon", - "57267c63dd62a815002e86d6": "Geordie words with origins in Scandinavia", - "57267c63dd62a815002e86d7": "Northern United Kingdom", - "57267c63dd62a815002e86d8": "barn and hjem", - "57267c63dd62a815002e86d9": "aye\" (\"yes\") and \"nowt", - "57267c63dd62a815002e86da": "Dutch gooien, via West Frisian", - "57267ce7708984140094c7c9": "the Ear Institute at the University College London", - "57267ce7708984140094c7ca": "noisiest", - "57267ce7708984140094c7cb": "80.4 decibels", + "57267b65dd62a815002e86a7": "Anglo-Saxon populations", + "57267b65dd62a815002e86a8": "many elements", + "57267b65dd62a815002e86a9": "larn", + "57267b65dd62a815002e86aa": "larn", + "57267c63dd62a815002e86d6": "Scandinavia", + "57267c63dd62a815002e86d7": "Scandinavia", + "57267c63dd62a815002e86d8": "Scots", + "57267c63dd62a815002e86d9": "Many words", + "57267c63dd62a815002e86da": "Dutch gooien", + "57267ce7708984140094c7c9": "In a report", + "57267ce7708984140094c7ca": "the noisiest city", + "57267ce7708984140094c7cb": "80.4", "57267ce7708984140094c7cc": "negative", - "57267ce7708984140094c7cd": "arbitrarily", - "57267de1f1498d1400e8e194": "Collingwood Street", - "57267de1f1498d1400e8e195": "multiplex cinema", + "57267ce7708984140094c7cd": "arbitrarily selected locations", + "57267de1f1498d1400e8e194": "nightlife are Collingwood Street", + "57267de1f1498d1400e8e195": "opened in the city centre, a new indoor complex consisting of bars, upmarket clubs, restaurants and a 12-screen Empire multiplex cinema", "57267de1f1498d1400e8e196": "12", - "57267de1f1498d1400e8e197": "Pink Triangle", + "57267de1f1498d1400e8e197": "The Pink Triangle'", "57267de1f1498d1400e8e198": "bars, caf\u00e9s and clubs", "57267f695951b619008f74bd": "theatre", "57267f695951b619008f74be": "Stephen Kemble of the famous Kemble family", - "57267f695951b619008f74bf": "Sarah Siddons and John Kemble out of London to Newcastle. Stephen Kemble guided the theatre through many celebrated seasons", + "57267f695951b619008f74bf": "seasons", "57267f695951b619008f74c0": "21 January 1788", "57267f695951b619008f74c1": "Grey Street", "5726800add62a815002e8750": "theatres", - "5726800add62a815002e8751": "the Theatre Royal on Grey Street", + "5726800add62a815002e8751": "Theatre Royal on Grey Street", "5726800add62a815002e8752": "Royal Shakespeare Company", "5726800add62a815002e8753": "local talent", - "5726800add62a815002e8754": "Jubilee Theatre", + "5726800add62a815002e8754": "the arts capital of the UK", "572680865951b619008f74e7": "The Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle upon Tyne", "572680865951b619008f74e8": "8000", - "572680865951b619008f74e9": "Lit & Phil", + "572680865951b619008f74e9": "John and Benjamin Green", "572680865951b619008f74ea": "lecture theatre", "572680865951b619008f74eb": "Joseph Swan", "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fa": "The Newcastle Beer Festival", "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fb": "May", - "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fc": "March", - "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fd": "The Newcastle Beer Festival", + "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fc": "biennial", + "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fd": "EAT! NewcastleGateshead", "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fe": "2 weeks", "57268341f1498d1400e8e23c": "The Hoppings", - "57268341f1498d1400e8e23d": "mid July", + "57268341f1498d1400e8e23d": "Newcastle Town Moor every June", "57268341f1498d1400e8e23e": "Temperance Movement", - "57268341f1498d1400e8e23f": "a cycling festival", - "57268341f1498d1400e8e240": "Northern Pride Festival and Parade is held in Leazes Park and in the city's Gay Community in mid July. The Ouseburn Festival", - "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24c": "the Design Event festival", - "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24e": "Norman Foster designed Sage Gateshead Music and Arts Centre", + "57268341f1498d1400e8e23f": "cycling", + "57268341f1498d1400e8e240": "The Ouseburn Festival", + "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24c": "Newcastle Mela", + "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24e": "the Norman Foster designed Sage Gateshead Music and Arts Centre in September", "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24f": "the Design Event festival", - "572683e6f1498d1400e8e250": "The SAMA Festival, an East Asian cultural festival", + "572683e6f1498d1400e8e250": "East Asian", "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24d": "NewcastleGateshead", "5726847f708984140094c8ab": "folk-rock", "5726847f708984140094c8ac": "1971", "5726847f708984140094c8ad": "Skyclad", "5726847f708984140094c8ae": "Skyclad", "5726847f708984140094c8af": "Duran Duran", - "57268525dd62a815002e8806": "May 2008", - "57268525dd62a815002e8807": "Old Town Hall, Gateshead", + "57268525dd62a815002e8806": "between November 2006 and May 2008", + "57268525dd62a815002e8807": "the Old Town Hall, Gateshead", "57268525dd62a815002e8808": "three", - "57268525dd62a815002e8809": "Tyneside Cinema reopened in the restored and refurbished original building. The site currently houses three cinemas, including the restored Classic", - "57268525dd62a815002e880a": "Old Town Hall, Gateshead", + "57268525dd62a815002e8809": "the United Kingdom", + "57268525dd62a815002e880a": "the Old Town Hall, Gateshead", "57268692dd62a815002e8826": "Newcastle", - "57268692dd62a815002e8827": "Tyneside", + "57268692dd62a815002e8827": "life on Tyneside", "57268692dd62a815002e8828": "shipbuilding heritage", "57268692dd62a815002e8829": "2009", - "57268692dd62a815002e882a": "the Great North Museum; in 2009 the Newcastle on Tyne Museum of Antiquities merged with the Great North Museum", - "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e2": "the Night of the Fire (1939", + "57268692dd62a815002e882a": "the Great North Museum (Hancock Museum); Seven Stories a museum", + "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e2": "the Night of the Fire (1939)", "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e3": "Get Carter", - "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e4": "noir", - "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e5": "Mike Figgis and starring Tommy Lee Jones", - "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e6": "Tommy Lee Jones", + "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e4": "noir thriller", + "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e5": "Mike Figgis", + "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e6": "Mike Figgis", "572687e1dd62a815002e8852": "Gosforth Park", - "572687e1dd62a815002e8853": "British Basketball League (BBL). The city's speedway team Newcastle Diamonds", - "572687e1dd62a815002e8854": "British Basketball League (BBL). The city's speedway team Newcastle Diamonds", - "572687e1dd62a815002e8855": "Brough Park", - "572687e1dd62a815002e8856": "1981, to commemorate the celebrated Blaydon Races horse racing", + "572687e1dd62a815002e8853": "Newcastle Eagles", + "572687e1dd62a815002e8854": "Newcastle Diamonds", + "572687e1dd62a815002e8855": "Tyne Bridge into Gateshead", + "572687e1dd62a815002e8856": "Blaydon Race", "57268885dd62a815002e886a": "6 miles", "57268885dd62a815002e886b": "via the Metro Light Rail system", "57268885dd62a815002e886c": "20 minutes", @@ -5328,92 +5328,92 @@ "572689b6dd62a815002e8890": "three hours", "572689b6dd62a815002e8891": "three hours", "572689b6dd62a815002e8892": "Edinburgh", - "572689b6dd62a815002e8893": "CrossCountry trains serve destinations in Yorkshire, the Midlands and the South West", + "572689b6dd62a815002e8893": "CrossCountry", "572689b6dd62a815002e8894": "Northern Rail", - "57268a8fdd62a815002e88ce": "the Tyne and Wear Metro", + "57268a8fdd62a815002e88ce": "Tyne and Wear Metro", "57268a8fdd62a815002e88cf": "five", - "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d0": "deep-level tunnels", - "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d1": "deep-level tunnels constructed through Newcastle city centre. A bridge was built across the Tyne, between Newcastle and Gateshead", + "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d0": "deep-level", + "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d1": "A bridge", "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d2": "37 million", "57268bb25951b619008f7645": "Metro: All Change", "57268bb25951b619008f7646": "smart ticketing", - "57268bb25951b619008f7647": "North Shields). In addition; tracks, signalling and overhead wires", - "57268bb25951b619008f7648": "an entirely new fleet of trains", - "57268bb25951b619008f7649": "trams as opposed to the current light rail trains", - "57268d1b708984140094c9cd": "the A1 (Gateshead Newcastle Western Bypass", - "57268d1b708984140094c9ce": "A69 heading west to Carlisle; the A696", - "57268d1b708984140094c9cf": "Great North Road", + "57268bb25951b619008f7647": "tracks, signalling and overhead wires", + "57268bb25951b619008f7648": "the procurement of an entirely new fleet of trains", + "57268bb25951b619008f7649": "trams", + "57268d1b708984140094c9cd": "the A1 (Gateshead Newcastle Western Bypass)", + "57268d1b708984140094c9ce": "A69", + "57268d1b708984140094c9cf": "the old \"Great North Road\"", "57268d1b708984140094c9d0": "the new line of the A1", - "57268d1b708984140094c9d1": "a project to build a second road tunnel", + "57268d1b708984140094c9d1": "the capacity of the Tyne Tunnel", "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e6": "3", "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e7": "two", - "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e8": "Eldon Square Bus Station, providing the majority of services south of the river in Gateshead, South Tyneside, Sunderland, and County Durham", + "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e8": "Stagecoach", "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e9": "Tyne and Wear Passenger Transport Executive", - "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3ea": "Go-Ahead operates from Eldon Square Bus Station", + "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3ea": "Go-Ahead", "57269120708984140094ca59": "1998", - "57269120708984140094ca5a": "highlighting the usage of cycling to cut city congestion; educating that cycling promotes healthy living", - "57269120708984140094ca5b": "healthy living", - "57269120708984140094ca5c": "busier streets", + "57269120708984140094ca5a": "the usage of cycling", + "57269120708984140094ca5b": "healthy", + "57269120708984140094ca5c": "one way streets", "57269120708984140094ca5d": "national networks", - "5726934f5951b619008f771d": "North Shields, Danish DFDS Seaways", + "5726934f5951b619008f771d": "Danish DFDS Seaways", "5726934f5951b619008f771e": "October 2006", - "5726934f5951b619008f771f": "high fuel prices", - "5726934f5951b619008f7720": "late 2008", + "5726934f5951b619008f771f": "high fuel prices and new competition from low-cost air services", + "5726934f5951b619008f7720": "October 2006", "5726934f5951b619008f7721": "Thomson cruise lines", - "57269526dd62a815002e8a4e": "eleven LEA-funded 11 to 18 schools and seven", + "57269526dd62a815002e8a4e": "eleven", "57269526dd62a815002e8a4f": "seven", "57269526dd62a815002e8a50": "Royal Grammar School", "57269526dd62a815002e8a51": "Newcastle College", - "57269526dd62a815002e8a52": "Sacred Heart are the two primary state-Catholic", + "57269526dd62a815002e8a52": "Catholic", "57269698dd62a815002e8a6c": "two", "57269698dd62a815002e8a6d": "Newcastle University", - "57269698dd62a815002e8a6e": "the coveted Sunday Times University of the Year award", - "57269698dd62a815002e8a6f": "part of the UK-wide process", - "57269698dd62a815002e8a70": "The Times Good University Guide 2005", + "57269698dd62a815002e8a6e": "Sunday Times University of the Year award", + "57269698dd62a815002e8a6f": "polytechnics became new universities", + "57269698dd62a815002e8a70": "Northumbria University", "572699b55951b619008f778f": "three", - "572699b55951b619008f7790": "1474", + "572699b55951b619008f7790": "1882", "572699b55951b619008f7791": "Coptic Cathedral", "572699b55951b619008f7792": "St Thomas the Martyr", "572699b55951b619008f7793": "parish churches", "57269b165951b619008f77b3": "St Andrew", - "57269b165951b619008f77b4": "12th Century", - "57269b165951b619008f77b5": "Priory church at Hexham", - "57269b165951b619008f77b6": "Hexham", + "57269b165951b619008f77b4": "1726", + "57269b165951b619008f77b5": "Priory church", + "57269b165951b619008f77b6": "the last of the ancient churchyards", "57269b165951b619008f77b7": "The church tower", "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4ca": "City Road", - "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4cb": "Watermark business park next to the MetroCentre in Gateshead", - "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4cc": "BBC North East and Cumbria is located to the north of the city on Barrack Road, Spital Tongues", + "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4cb": "City Road for over 40 years after its launch in January 1959. In 2005 it moved to a new facility on The Watermark business park", + "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4cc": "The entrance to studio 5", "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4cd": "the result of its colouring", - "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4ce": "North television regional news programme and local radio station BBC Radio Newcastle", + "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4ce": "BBC Radio Newcastle", "57269d745951b619008f77d7": "NE1fm", "57269d745951b619008f77d8": "NE1fm", - "57269d745951b619008f77d9": "1951", - "57269d745951b619008f77da": "Newcastle Royal Victoria Infirmary", - "57269d745951b619008f77db": "both of the city's universities", + "57269d745951b619008f77d9": "since 1951", + "57269d745951b619008f77da": "Lollipop", + "57269d745951b619008f77db": "Newcastle University's student's union building", "57269e80f1498d1400e8e520": "1770", - "57269e80f1498d1400e8e521": "Vice Admiral Cuthbert Collingwood, 1st Baron Collingwood, was born in the city. Ironmaster, metallurgist", + "57269e80f1498d1400e8e521": "Archbishop of Westminster", "57269e80f1498d1400e8e522": "George Stephenson", - "57269e80f1498d1400e8e523": "the incandescent light bulb Sir Joseph Swan", + "57269e80f1498d1400e8e523": "incandescent light bulb Sir Joseph Swan", "57269e80f1498d1400e8e524": "Thailand", "57269fab5951b619008f7807": "Rutherford Grammar School", - "57269fab5951b619008f7808": "Rutherford Grammar School, actors Charlie Hunnam and James Scott, entertainers Ant and Dec and international footballers", - "57269fab5951b619008f7809": "physicist Peter Higgs, and former WWE NXT champion Neville", - "57269fab5951b619008f780a": "smallpipes", + "57269fab5951b619008f7808": "footballers", + "57269fab5951b619008f7809": "Nobel Prize", + "57269fab5951b619008f780a": "keyed Northumbrian smallpipes", "57269fab5951b619008f780b": "the city", - "5726710b708984140094c61d": "Brompton district of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea", + "5726710b708984140094c61d": "London", "5726710b708984140094c61e": "4.5 million", "5726710b708984140094c61f": "1852", "5726710b708984140094c620": "Queen Victoria and Prince Albert", - "572680ac708984140094c83d": "Brompton district of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea", + "572680ac708984140094c83d": "Kensington and Chelsea", "572680ac708984140094c83e": "1852", "572680ac708984140094c83f": "Queen Victoria and Prince Albert", - "572680ac708984140094c840": "the V&A), London", + "572680ac708984140094c840": "Department for Culture, Media and Sport", "572680ac708984140094c841": "2001", - "57268294708984140094c877": "12.5", - "57268294708984140094c878": "12.5 acres (51,000 m2) and 145", - "57268294708984140094c879": "5,000", + "57268294708984140094c877": "12.5 acres", + "57268294708984140094c878": "145 galleries", + "57268294708984140094c879": "5,000 years", "57268294708984140094c87a": "Europe, North America, Asia and North Africa", - "57268294708984140094c87b": "the world's largest collection of post-classical sculpture", + "57268294708984140094c87b": "post-classical sculpture", "572685cd5951b619008f7573": "the Great Exhibition of 1851", "572685cd5951b619008f7574": "Henry Cole", "572685cd5951b619008f7575": "Museum of Manufactures", @@ -5422,27 +5422,27 @@ "57268d02f1498d1400e8e378": "Queen Victoria", "57268d02f1498d1400e8e379": "22 June 1857", "57268d02f1498d1400e8e37a": "George Wallis", - "57268d02f1498d1400e8e37b": "late night openings were introduced, made possible by the use of gas lighting", + "57268d02f1498d1400e8e37b": "late night openings", "57268d02f1498d1400e8e37c": "1949", - "57268f2c708984140094ca25": "September and November 1946", + "57268f2c708984140094ca25": "between September and November 1946", "57268f2c708984140094ca26": "nearly a million and a half", - "57268f2c708984140094ca27": "Council of Industrial Design established by the British government", - "57268f2c708984140094ca28": "the Festival of Britain", + "57268f2c708984140094ca27": "the Council of Industrial Design", + "57268f2c708984140094ca28": "Festival of Britain", "57268f2c708984140094ca29": "1948", - "572691d7708984140094ca6d": "young people, the V&A became the first museum in Britain to present a rock concert", + "572691d7708984140094ca6d": "a rock concert", "572691d7708984140094ca6e": "young people", - "572691d7708984140094ca6f": "the directorship of Roy Strong", - "572691d7708984140094ca70": "British progressive folk-rock band Gryphon", + "572691d7708984140094ca6f": "Roy Strong", + "572691d7708984140094ca70": "mediaeval music and instrumentation", "57269656708984140094cafd": "Dundee", "57269656708984140094cafe": "\u00a376 million", - "57269656708984140094caff": "Scotland", + "57269656708984140094caff": "the city's waterfront", "57269656708984140094cb00": "fashion, architecture, product design, graphic arts and photography", "57269656708984140094cb01": "2015", - "572698d7dd62a815002e8a98": "South Kensington. The land was occupied by Brompton Park House", - "572698d7dd62a815002e8a99": "Sheepshanks Gallery", + "572698d7dd62a815002e8a98": "Brompton Park House", + "572698d7dd62a815002e8a99": "the Sheepshanks Gallery", "572698d7dd62a815002e8a9a": "Captain Francis Fowke", "572698d7dd62a815002e8a9b": "June 1862", - "572698d7dd62a815002e8a9c": "Brompton Park House, which was extended, most notably by the \"Brompton Boilers", + "572698d7dd62a815002e8a9c": "the offices and board room etc", "57269c06708984140094cba1": "Owen Jones", "57269c06708984140094cba2": "Italian Renaissance", "57269c06708984140094cba3": "James Gamble & Reuben Townroe", @@ -5451,305 +5451,305 @@ "57269d68708984140094cbd7": "Philip Webb and William Morris", "57269d68708984140094cbd8": "Philip Webb and William Morris", "57269d68708984140094cbd9": "James Gamble", - "57269d68708984140094cbda": "James Gamble", + "57269d68708984140094cbda": "Alfred Stevens", "57269d68708984140094cbdb": "Philip Webb and William Morris", - "5726a0205951b619008f781b": "Colonel (later Major General) Henry Young Darracott Scott", - "5726a0205951b619008f781c": "science schools", - "5726a0205951b619008f781d": "the impressive staircase", - "5726a0205951b619008f781e": "the Sackler Centre for arts education", + "5726a0205951b619008f781b": "Colonel", + "5726a0205951b619008f781c": "the five-storey School for Naval Architects", + "5726a0205951b619008f781d": "Cadeby stone", + "5726a0205951b619008f781e": "the", "5726a0205951b619008f781f": "2008", "5726a2445951b619008f7861": "sgraffito", - "5726a2445951b619008f7862": "F. W. Moody", + "5726a2445951b619008f7862": "sgraffito was used to decorate the east side of the building designed by F. W. Moody", "5726a2445951b619008f7863": "southeast of the garden", - "5726a2445951b619008f7864": "south side of the garden", + "5726a2445951b619008f7864": "on the south side of the garden", "5726a2445951b619008f7865": "Sir John Taylor", "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e5fe": "Aston Webb", - "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e5ff": "red brick and Portland stone", - "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e600": "720 feet", - "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e601": "shallow arches", - "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e602": "shallow arches", + "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e5ff": "built from red brick and Portland stone", + "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e600": "720 feet (220 m)", + "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e601": "an open work crown surmounted by a statue of fame", + "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e602": "the top row of windows", "5726a9ff708984140094cd4b": "Alfred Drury", "5726a9ff708984140094cd4c": "four", - "5726a9ff708984140094cd4d": "Alfred Drury", + "5726a9ff708984140094cd4d": "Webb", "5726a9ff708984140094cd4e": "marble", - "5726a9ff708984140094cd4f": "Prince Albert", - "5726ace8dd62a815002e8c9e": "new storage space for books in the Art Library", + "5726a9ff708984140094cd4f": "Queen Victoria", + "5726ace8dd62a815002e8c9e": "the south-west part", "5726ace8dd62a815002e8c9f": "the Henry Cole wing", - "5726ace8dd62a815002e8ca0": "a new entrance building was constructed on the site of the former boiler house, the intended site of the Spiral", - "5726ace8dd62a815002e8ca1": "Christopher Hay and Douglas Coyne", + "5726ace8dd62a815002e8ca0": "the intended site of the Spiral", + "5726ace8dd62a815002e8ca1": "Christopher Hay and Douglas Coyne of the Royal College of Art. These are set in the columned screen wall designed by Aston Webb", "5726ace8dd62a815002e8ca2": "the Spiral", - "5726afeb708984140094cdd7": "silverware gallery", + "5726afeb708984140094cdd7": "the main Silver Gallery", "5726afeb708984140094cdd8": "mosaic floors", "5726afeb708984140094cdd9": "FuturePlan", "5726afeb708984140094cdda": "South Kensington tube station", "5726afeb708984140094cddb": "Eva Ji\u0159i\u010dn\u00e1", "5726b12f5951b619008f7aaf": "Kim Wilkie", - "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab0": "Kim Wilkie and opened as the John Madejski Garden", - "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab1": "elliptical water", + "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab0": "John Madejski Garden", + "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab1": "elliptical", "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab2": "receptions, gatherings or exhibition purposes", "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab3": "American Sweetgum", "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e4": "2004", - "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e5": "the V&A alongside Royal Institute of British Architects", + "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e5": "Royal Institute of British Architects", "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e7": "600,000", - "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e6": "the RIBA Drawings and Archives Collection", + "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e6": "the RIBA Drawings and Archives", "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e8": "700,000", "5726b6e05951b619008f7b99": "Andrea Palladio", - "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9a": "Jacques Gentilhatre and Antonio Visentini", + "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9a": "Antonio Visentini", "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9b": "over 330", - "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9c": "Jacques Gentilhatre and Antonio Visentini", - "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9d": "Jacques Gentilhatre and Antonio Visentini", + "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9c": "Andrea Palladio", + "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9d": "Andrea Palladio are the largest in the world, other Europeans well represented are Jacques Gentilhatre and Antonio Visentini", "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6a": "Bishopsgate", - "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6b": "c1600", + "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6b": "the Great Fire of London", "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6c": "c1600", "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6d": "the chateau of Montal", - "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6e": "Bishopsgate with elaborately carved wood work and leaded windows, a rare survivor of the Great Fire of London, there is a brick portal", - "5726bc505951b619008f7c79": "19,000", + "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6e": "a fireplace from the gallery of Northumberland house", + "5726bc505951b619008f7c79": "over 19,000", "5726bc505951b619008f7c7a": "2006", "5726bc505951b619008f7c7b": "Ardabil Carpet", "5726bc505951b619008f7c7c": "Spain", "5726bc505951b619008f7c7d": "1909", "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c0": "60,000", - "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c1": "60,000 objects, including about 10,000", - "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c2": "60,000 objects, including about 10,000", + "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c1": "10,000", + "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c2": "60,000", "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c4": "1991", - "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c3": "Jawaharlal Nehru", + "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c3": "The Jawaharlal Nehru", "5726bf325951b619008f7cfd": "70,000", - "5726bf325951b619008f7cfe": "East Asia: China, Japan and Korea", - "5726bf325951b619008f7cff": "Tsui", + "5726bf325951b619008f7cfe": "China, Japan and Korea", + "5726bf325951b619008f7cff": "T. T. Tsui Gallery", "5726bf325951b619008f7d00": "1991", - "5726bf325951b619008f7d01": "70,000", + "5726bf325951b619008f7d01": "Ming and Qing dynasties", "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fd8": "Toshiba", - "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fd9": "December 1986", + "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fd9": "1986", "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fda": "13th-century", "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fdb": "1550 to 1900", - "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fdc": "bronze incense burner (koro) dated 1875, standing at over 2.25 metres high and 1.25 metres", + "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fdc": "bronze", "5726c80c5951b619008f7de7": "14th to the 19th century", - "5726c80c5951b619008f7de8": "Korea, the Himalayan kingdoms and South East Asia", - "5726c80c5951b619008f7de9": "Hindu and Buddhist sculptures reflect the influence of India; items on show include betel-nut cutters, ivory combs and bronze palanquin hooks", + "5726c80c5951b619008f7de8": "the Himalayan kingdoms", + "5726c80c5951b619008f7de9": "Hindu and Buddhist sculptures", "5726c80c5951b619008f7dea": "mother-of-pearl", - "5726c80c5951b619008f7deb": "embroidery", - "5726c9a4708984140094d16f": "Duke of Milan Ludovico Sforza", - "5726c9a4708984140094d170": "Leonardo da Vinci's note books. The Codex consists of three parchment-bound manuscripts, Forster I, Forster II, and Forster III", - "5726c9a4708984140094d171": "over 18,000", - "5726c9a4708984140094d172": "1876", + "5726c80c5951b619008f7deb": "ivory", + "5726c9a4708984140094d16f": "Forster I, Forster II, and Forster III", + "5726c9a4708984140094d170": "Forster I, Forster II, and Forster III", + "5726c9a4708984140094d171": "18,000", + "5726c9a4708984140094d172": "1869", "5726c9a4708984140094d173": "1876", - "5726cc11dd62a815002e9086": "Charles Dickens and Beatrix Potter", - "5726cc11dd62a815002e9087": "Charles Dickens and Beatrix Potter", - "5726cc11dd62a815002e9088": "16th centuries", + "5726cc11dd62a815002e9086": "William Morris", + "5726cc11dd62a815002e9087": "Beatrix Potter", + "5726cc11dd62a815002e9088": "12th to 16th centuries", "5726cc11dd62a815002e9089": "the trial and rehabilitation of Joan of Arc, Rouen", "5726cc11dd62a815002e908a": "Lucas Horenbout", - "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc4": "EAD", - "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc5": "A computer system called MODES cataloging system", + "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc4": "Word and Image Department", + "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc5": "MODES cataloging system", "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc6": "EAD", - "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc8": "MODES cataloging system was used from the 1980s to the 1990s, but those electronic files were not available to the library users. All of the archival material", - "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc7": "\"Search the Collections", + "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc8": "those were newly accessioned into the collection", + "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc7": "Search the Collections", "5726cfa3708984140094d209": "2007", - "5726cfa3708984140094d20a": "the Factory Project to reference Andy Warhol and to create a factory to completely digitize the collection", + "5726cfa3708984140094d20a": "the Factory Project", "5726cfa3708984140094d20b": "Andy Warhol", "5726cfa3708984140094d20c": "15,000", - "5726cfa3708984140094d20d": "to audit the collection", + "5726cfa3708984140094d20d": "The second step of the Factory Project is to catalog everything", "5726d4a45951b619008f7f69": "British patrons", "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6a": "Asia", "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6b": "Horace Walpole", "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6c": "Horace Walpole", - "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6d": "porcelain, cloth and wallpaper", + "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6d": "imports", "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecdb": "increase in tea drinking", - "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecda": "increasing trade", + "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecda": "wider", "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecde": "John Ruskin", - "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecdc": "mass production", - "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecdd": "Gothic Revival", - "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed16": "sculpture wing", - "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed17": "cut in half in order to fit under the ceiling", - "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed18": "Michelangelo's David", - "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed19": "friezes and tombs", + "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecdc": "Industrial Revolution took hold, the growth of mass production", + "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecdd": "the increasing backlash against industrialization, led by John Ruskin, contributed to the Arts and Crafts movement", + "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed16": "Trajan's Column", + "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed17": "cut in half", + "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed18": "David", + "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed19": "sculptures, friezes and tombs", "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed1a": "in a glass case", "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e4": "1731", "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e5": "Frederick II the Great", "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e6": "1762", "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e7": "1909", - "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e8": "East Asian pottery and porcelain in the world, including Kakiemon ware", + "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e8": "This bequest forms part of the finest collection of East Asian pottery and porcelain in the world", "5726dd71f1498d1400e8edd8": "Josiah Wedgwood, William De Morgan and Bernard Leach as well as Mintons & Royal Doulton", "5726dd71f1498d1400e8edd9": "Britain and Holland", - "5726dd71f1498d1400e8edda": "a series of elaborately ornamented ceramic stoves", + "5726dd71f1498d1400e8edda": "ceramic stoves", "5726dd71f1498d1400e8eddb": "16th and 17th centuries", "5726dd71f1498d1400e8eddc": "Germany and Switzerland", "5726de7a5951b619008f80ab": "4000 years", - "5726de7a5951b619008f80ac": "c1750", + "5726de7a5951b619008f80ac": "over 6000", "5726de7a5951b619008f80ad": "Ancient Egypt", "5726de7a5951b619008f80af": "Ren\u00e9 Lalique", - "5726de7a5951b619008f80ae": "Ren\u00e9 Lalique", + "5726de7a5951b619008f80ae": "Louis Comfort Tiffany and \u00c9mile Gall\u00e9", "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee52": "1994", "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee53": "Danny Lane", - "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee54": "2004 and the sacred silver and stained-glass gallery in 2005", + "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee54": "2004", "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee55": "Dale Chihuly", "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee56": "13th-century", "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c4": "over 10,000", - "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c5": "over 10,000 British and 2,000", + "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c5": "2,000", "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c6": "Aubrey Beardsley", "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c7": "Aubrey Beardsley", - "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c8": "Paul Nash, Percy Wyndham Lewis, Eric Gill, Stanley Spencer, John Piper, Graham Sutherland, Lucian Freud and David Hockney", - "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eed8": "442", - "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eed9": "the Word and Image department", - "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eeda": "Because everyday clothing from previous eras has not generally survived", + "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c8": "Paul Nash", + "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eed8": "1,442", + "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eed9": "Word and Image", + "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eeda": "everyday clothing from previous eras", "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eedb": "1913", - "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eedc": "department store", + "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eedc": "the V&A", "5726e4eedd62a815002e9438": "2002", "5726e4eedd62a815002e9439": "178 Vivienne Westwood", - "5726e4eedd62a815002e943a": "178 Vivienne Westwood costumes", - "5726e4eedd62a815002e943b": "178 Vivienne Westwood costumes", + "5726e4eedd62a815002e943a": "178 Vivienne Westwood", + "5726e4eedd62a815002e943b": "178 Vivienne Westwood", "5726e4eedd62a815002e943c": "modern fashion", - "5726e680dd62a815002e946e": "1859 and 1865", - "5726e680dd62a815002e946f": "1859 and 1865", - "5726e680dd62a815002e9470": "art and furnishings", + "5726e680dd62a815002e946e": "Italian and French Renaissance", + "5726e680dd62a815002e946f": "between 1859 and 1865", + "5726e680dd62a815002e9470": "French 18th-century art and furnishings", "5726e680dd62a815002e9471": "1882", "5726e680dd62a815002e9472": "\u00a3250,000", "5726e834dd62a815002e94a4": "1580", "5726e834dd62a815002e94a5": "Hans Vredeman de Vries", "5726e834dd62a815002e94a6": "c1750", "5726e834dd62a815002e94a7": "Germany", - "5726e834dd62a815002e94a8": "Ernest Gimson", + "5726e834dd62a815002e94a8": "Ernest Gimson, Edward William Godwin, Charles Voysey, Adolf Loos and Otto Wagner", "5726e9c65951b619008f8247": "over 6000", "5726e9c65951b619008f8248": "Egypt", "5726e9c65951b619008f8249": "1869", - "5726e9c65951b619008f824a": "800", + "5726e9c65951b619008f824a": "154", "5726e9c65951b619008f824b": "William and Judith Bollinger", - "5726ee28708984140094d656": "secular and sacred covering both Christian (Roman Catholic, Anglican and Greek Orthodox", - "5726ee28708984140094d657": "1800 to 1900", - "5726ee28708984140094d658": "8 tonnes", + "5726ee28708984140094d656": "secular and sacred", + "5726ee28708984140094d657": "1496", + "5726ee28708984140094d658": "8", "5726ee28708984140094d659": "Sir George Gilbert Scott", - "5726ee28708984140094d655": "10,000", + "5726ee28708984140094d655": "over 10,000", "5726ef12dd62a815002e959e": "c1110", "5726ef12dd62a815002e959f": "gilt bronze", "5726ef12dd62a815002e95a0": "St Thomas Becket", "5726ef12dd62a815002e95a1": "c1180", - "5726ef12dd62a815002e95a2": "St Thomas Becket, made from gilt copper", + "5726ef12dd62a815002e95a2": "gilt copper", "5726f1ec708984140094d6aa": "5,100", - "5726f1ec708984140094d6ad": "Chris Smith", - "5726f1ec708984140094d6ab": "British Galleries, the Medieval & Renaissance Galleries", + "5726f1ec708984140094d6ad": "Chris Smith asking Parliament about the future of the collection. The answer, from Bryan Davies", + "5726f1ec708984140094d6ab": "The Horniman", "5726f1ec708984140094d6ac": "35", "5726f1ec708984140094d6a9": "2010", - "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bc": "6800", - "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bd": "650", + "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bc": "1130 British and 650", + "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bd": "about 1130 British and 650", "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0be": "6800", - "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bf": "Elizabeth II", + "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bf": "Her Majesty the Queen Elizabeth II", "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0c0": "Andr\u00e9s Marzal De Sax", "5726f4a0708984140094d6e9": "1857", "5726f4a0708984140094d6ea": "233", - "5726f4a0708984140094d6eb": "donated 233 paintings", + "5726f4a0708984140094d6eb": "the 1821 full size oil sketch for The Hay Wain", "5726f4a0708984140094d6ec": "The Hay Wain", "5726f4a0708984140094d6ed": "British", - "5726f755708984140094d737": "art 1600\u20131800", + "5726f755708984140094d737": "continental art 1600\u20131800", "5726f755708984140094d738": "Madame de Pompadour", "5726f755708984140094d739": "Carlo Crivelli's Virgin and Child", "5726f755708984140094d73a": "Duc d'Alen\u00e7on", "5726f90b708984140094d75d": "Eadweard Muybridge", "5726f90b708984140094d75e": "1887", "5726f90b708984140094d75f": "781", - "5726f90b708984140094d760": "781 plates", - "5726f90b708984140094d761": "James Lafayette", - "5726fb18dd62a815002e96ce": "400 AD to 1914", + "5726f90b708984140094d760": "images of different animals", + "5726f90b708984140094d761": "James Lafayette's", + "5726fb18dd62a815002e96ce": "about 400 AD to 1914", "5726fb18dd62a815002e96cf": "22,000", - "5726fb18dd62a815002e96d0": "400 AD to 1914", - "5726fb18dd62a815002e96d1": "tomb and memorial", + "5726fb18dd62a815002e96d0": "about 400 AD to 1914", + "5726fb18dd62a815002e96d1": "from tomb and memorial", "5726fc63dd62a815002e9706": "National Galleries of Scotland", - "5726fc63dd62a815002e9707": "Valerio Cioli c1564", - "5726fc63dd62a815002e9708": "the Chancel Chapel", - "5726fc63dd62a815002e9709": "Alessandro Vittoria, Tiziano Aspetti and Francesco Fanelli", - "5726fc63dd62a815002e970a": "Santa Chiara Florence dated 1493\u20131500, designed by Giuliano da Sangallo it is 11.1 metres", + "5726fc63dd62a815002e9707": "The Three Graces", + "5726fc63dd62a815002e9708": "Chancel Chapel", + "5726fc63dd62a815002e9709": "Giuliano da Sangallo", + "5726fc63dd62a815002e970a": "Chancel Chapel from Santa Chiara Florence dated 1493\u20131500", "5726fe95dd62a815002e9732": "more than 20", - "5726fe95dd62a815002e9733": "sculptor", + "5726fe95dd62a815002e9733": "the sculptor", "5726fe95dd62a815002e9734": "1914", "5726fe95dd62a815002e9735": "World War I", - "5726fe95dd62a815002e9736": "St John the Baptist", - "572700c8dd62a815002e976a": "Nicholas Stone", + "5726fe95dd62a815002e9736": "statue of St John the Baptist", + "572700c8dd62a815002e976a": "Thomas Brock, Alfred Gilbert, George Frampton, and Eric Gill", "572700c8dd62a815002e976b": "Nicholas Stone", - "572700c8dd62a815002e976c": "Nicholas Stone, Caius Gabriel Cibber", - "572700c8dd62a815002e976d": "A sample of some of these sculptors", - "572702a3dd62a815002e9790": "Dorothy and Michael Hintze sculpture galleries", + "572700c8dd62a815002e976c": "Thomas Brock, Alfred Gilbert, George Frampton, and Eric Gill", + "572700c8dd62a815002e976d": "A sample", + "572702a3dd62a815002e9790": "Dorothy and Michael Hintze", "572702a3dd62a815002e9791": "1950", - "572702a3dd62a815002e9792": "tomb sculpture, portraiture, garden sculpture and mythology", - "572702a3dd62a815002e9793": "Henry Moore and Jacob Epstein", + "572702a3dd62a815002e9792": "by", + "572702a3dd62a815002e9793": "Canova's Theseus and the Minotaur", "572702a3dd62a815002e9794": "Tate Britain", - "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23c": "53,000", - "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23d": "western European though all populated continents", - "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23e": "1st century AD", - "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23f": "western European", + "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23c": "more than 53,000", + "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23d": "all populated continents", + "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23e": "1st century AD to the present", + "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23f": "western European though all populated continents", "572703fdf1498d1400e8f240": "technique", "57270541dd62a815002e97c8": "St Gereon", - "57270541dd62a815002e97c9": "15th-century", + "57270541dd62a815002e97c9": "15th", "57270541dd62a815002e97ca": "the Netherlands", - "57270541dd62a815002e97cb": "the hunting of various animals", - "57270541dd62a815002e97cc": "John Vanderbank's workshop", + "57270541dd62a815002e97cb": "various animals", + "57270541dd62a815002e97cc": "John Vanderbank's workshop which was the leading English tapestry manufactory", "57270676dd62a815002e97f0": "late 14th-century", "57270676dd62a815002e97f1": "William Morris", "57270676dd62a815002e97f2": "1887", "57270676dd62a815002e97f3": "Marion Dorn", - "57270676dd62a815002e97f4": "Marion Dorn. From the same period there is a rug designed by Serge Chermayeff", + "57270676dd62a815002e97f4": "Serge Chermayeff", "57270817708984140094d8c7": "the Theatre Museum", - "57270817708984140094d8c8": "March 2009", - "57270817708984140094d8c9": "The V&A Theatre & Performance galleries, formerly the Theatre Museum", - "57270817708984140094d8ca": "the V&A", + "57270817708984140094d8c8": "2009", + "57270817708984140094d8c9": "the UK's biggest national collection", + "57270817708984140094d8ca": "Shakespeare", "57270817708984140094d8cb": "research, exhibitions and other shows", "57270ab9708984140094d8f7": "Conservation", "57270ab9708984140094d8f8": "temperature and light", - "57270ab9708984140094d8f9": "V&A and the V&A Museum of Childhood", - "57270ab9708984140094d8fa": "Museum of Childhood", - "57270ab9708984140094d8fb": "conservator's work include \"preventive\" conservation this includes: performing surveys", + "57270ab9708984140094d8f9": "interventive", + "57270ab9708984140094d8fa": "the V&A Museum of Childhood", + "57270ab9708984140094d8fb": "preventive", "57267b755951b619008f7433": "Disney\u2013ABC Television Group", "57267b755951b619008f7434": "1957", "57267b755951b619008f7435": "Manhattan", "57267b755951b619008f7436": "Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street", "57267b755951b619008f7437": "Disney Media Networks", - "57267ca75951b619008f7469": "1948", - "57267ca75951b619008f746a": "NBC Blue Network", - "57267ca75951b619008f746b": "1948", + "57267ca75951b619008f7469": "October 12, 1943", + "57267ca75951b619008f746a": "radio", + "57267ca75951b619008f746b": "October 12, 1943", "57267ca75951b619008f746c": "ESPN", - "57267ca75951b619008f746d": "United Paramount Theatres", - "57267f1cdd62a815002e8740": "eight owned-and-operated and over 232", + "57267ca75951b619008f746d": "Capital Cities Communications", + "57267f1cdd62a815002e8740": "232", "57267f1cdd62a815002e8741": "Citadel Broadcasting", "57267f1cdd62a815002e8742": "eight", - "57267f1cdd62a815002e8743": "the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission", + "57267f1cdd62a815002e8743": "Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission", "57267f1cdd62a815002e8744": "Citadel Broadcasting", - "5726808bdd62a815002e8776": "electronics manufacturer Radio Corporation of America", - "5726808bdd62a815002e8777": "electronics manufacturer Radio Corporation of America (RCA), which owned two radio networks that each ran different varieties of programming, NBC Blue and NBC Red", - "5726808bdd62a815002e8778": "lesser importance than those served by NBC Red, which served the major cities, and to test drama series", + "5726808bdd62a815002e8776": "National Broadcasting Company", + "5726808bdd62a815002e8777": "NBC Blue and NBC Red", + "5726808bdd62a815002e8778": "lesser importance than those served by NBC Red, which served the major cities", "5726808bdd62a815002e8779": "drama series", "5726808bdd62a815002e877a": "NBC Red", "572681ab708984140094c85d": "Federal Communications Commission", "572681ab708984140094c85e": "1938", - "572681ab708984140094c85f": "1938, the FCC began a series of investigations into the practices of radio networks and published its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs in 1940", + "572681ab708984140094c85f": "1940", "572681ab708984140094c860": "NBC Red Network", "572681ab708984140094c861": "NBC Blue", "572684f5dd62a815002e87fc": "Mark Woods", "572684f5dd62a815002e87fd": "NBC Blue Network", - "572684f5dd62a815002e87fe": "RCA president David Sarnoff", + "572684f5dd62a815002e87fe": "Dillon, Read & Co", "572684f5dd62a815002e87ff": "David Sarnoff", "572684f5dd62a815002e8800": "$7.5 million", - "572685d1f1498d1400e8e29e": "drugstore", + "572685d1f1498d1400e8e29e": "Life Savers", "572685d1f1498d1400e8e29f": "October 12, 1943", "572685d1f1498d1400e8e2a0": "George B. Storer", "572685d1f1498d1400e8e2a1": "president and CEO", "572685d1f1498d1400e8e2a2": "June 30, 1951", - "57268739708984140094c8ed": "Nazi Germany", + "57268739708984140094c8ed": "Magnetophon tape recorder", "57268739708984140094c8ee": "Paul Whiteman", - "57268739708984140094c8ef": "Sherlock Holmes, Gang Busters and Counterspy", - "57268739708984140094c8f0": "Nazi Germany", + "57268739708984140094c8ef": "ABC", + "57268739708984140094c8f0": "Bing Crosby", "57268739708984140094c8f1": "public service", - "57269260dd62a815002e89ea": "33% stake in European sports channel Eurosport for $155 million", - "57269260dd62a815002e89eb": "Disney Media Networks", - "57269260dd62a815002e89ec": "September 8, 2007", + "57269260dd62a815002e89ea": "$155 million", + "57269260dd62a815002e89eb": "ABC1", + "57269260dd62a815002e89ec": "October", "57269260dd62a815002e89ed": "ABC International", "57269260dd62a815002e89ee": "United States", "57269344f1498d1400e8e43e": "1959", "57269344f1498d1400e8e43f": "satellite television", "57269344f1498d1400e8e440": "Japan and Latin America", - "57269344f1498d1400e8e441": "As a result, ABC was forced to sell all of its interests in international networks, mainly in Japan and Latin America", - "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5c": "coronation of Queen Elizabeth II", - "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5d": "Japan", - "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5e": "Nihon Educational Television", + "57269344f1498d1400e8e441": "The arrival of satellite television", + "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5c": "the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II", + "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5d": "Latin American", + "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5e": "Mainichi Broadcasting System", "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5f": "technical problems and flight delays", "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb60": "technical problems and flight delays", - "5726e5ac708984140094d51b": "Peanuts television specials, having acquired the broadcast rights from CBS, which originated the specials in 1965 with the debut of A Charlie Brown Christmas", + "5726e5ac708984140094d51b": "Peanuts", "5726e5ac708984140094d51c": "Emmy Awards", "5726e5ac708984140094d51d": "1965", "5726e5ac708984140094d51e": "the Academy Awards", @@ -5757,28 +5757,28 @@ "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef30": "1974", "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef31": "Ryan Seacrest", "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef32": "2016", - "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef33": "Dick Clark, and later by his successor Ryan Seacrest); the only exception was in 1999", - "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef34": "cable channel TLC", + "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef33": "1974", + "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef34": "TLC", "5726e671dd62a815002e9464": "Good Morning America", "5726e671dd62a815002e9465": "1975", - "5726e671dd62a815002e9466": "General Hospital", - "5726e671dd62a815002e9467": "The View and The Chew", + "5726e671dd62a815002e9466": "Procter & Gamble", + "5726e671dd62a815002e9467": "The View and The Chew, and the soap opera General Hospital", "5726e671dd62a815002e9468": "1963", - "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6e": "Championship golf", + "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6e": "ESPN", "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6c": "2006", - "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6b": "2006", - "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6a": "ESPN", - "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6d": "The Open Championship golf", + "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6b": "January as \"NBA Sunday Showcase\" during the regular season", + "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6a": "NBA Sunday Showcase\" during the regular season", + "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6d": "Open Championship golf and The Wimbledon tennis", "5726e860708984140094d579": "Frank Marx", "5726e860708984140094d57a": "low-band VHF frequencies", "5726e860708984140094d57b": "1947", - "5726e860708984140094d57c": "VHF channel 7, as Frank Marx", - "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa0": "108 existing television stations in the United States; a few major cities (such as Boston) had only two", + "5726e860708984140094d57c": "VHF channel 7", + "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa0": "108", "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa1": "two", - "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa2": "the DuMont Television Network", + "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa2": "CBS and NBC", "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa3": "CBS and NBC", "5726ea06dd62a815002e950a": "U.S. Supreme Court", - "5726ea06dd62a815002e950b": "U.S. Supreme Court", + "5726ea06dd62a815002e950b": "Paramount Pictures", "5726ea06dd62a815002e950c": "nine", "5726ea06dd62a815002e950d": "CBS", "5726ea06dd62a815002e950e": "Prudential Insurance Company of America", @@ -5789,30 +5789,30 @@ "5726ed12708984140094d646": "February 9, 1953", "5726ed12708984140094d647": "American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres", "5726ed12708984140094d648": "Manhattan", - "5726edeff1498d1400e8f024": "October 9, 1948", - "5726edeff1498d1400e8f025": "May 5, 1949", + "5726edeff1498d1400e8f024": "August 10, 1948", + "5726edeff1498d1400e8f025": "October 1948", "5726edeff1498d1400e8f026": "Mount Wilson", "5726edeff1498d1400e8f027": "Mount Wilson", "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c6": "September 30, 1960", - "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c7": "September 30, 1960", + "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c7": "1960s", "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c8": "William Hanna and Joseph Barbera", "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c9": "September 30, 1960", - "5726f0865951b619008f82e5": "1961", + "5726f0865951b619008f82e5": "1959", "5726f0865951b619008f82e6": "NBC", - "5726f0865951b619008f82e7": "1985", + "5726f0865951b619008f82e7": "1996", "5726f0865951b619008f82e8": "1985", - "572734af708984140094dae3": "around its circle logo", - "572734af708984140094dae4": "the Troika Design Group", + "572734af708984140094dae3": "its circle logo", + "572734af708984140094dae4": "Troika Design Group", "572734af708984140094dae5": "black-and-yellow", - "572734af708984140094dae6": "the dot\"", + "572734af708984140094dae6": "the dot", "572735a15951b619008f86bf": "Pittard Sullivan", - "572735a15951b619008f86c0": "2015, ABC is stopped with its 1998\u20132002", + "572735a15951b619008f86c0": "2002", "572735a15951b619008f86c1": "We Love TV", - "572735a15951b619008f86c2": "vanity cards", + "572735a15951b619008f86c2": "Demand", "572736625951b619008f86d1": "1993\u201394", - "572736625951b619008f86d2": "2011\u201312 season", + "572736625951b619008f86d2": "1995\u201396 season; the respective iterations of the translucent logo bug were also incorporated within program promotions until the 2011\u201312 season", "572736625951b619008f86d3": "1983", - "572736625951b619008f86d4": "\"That Special Feeling\" in a script font", + "572736625951b619008f86d4": "\"That Special Feeling\"", "572736fc5951b619008f86d9": "1977", "572736fc5951b619008f86da": "black", "572736fc5951b619008f86db": "black", @@ -5820,72 +5820,72 @@ "57273799f1498d1400e8f4bf": "Bauhaus", "57273799f1498d1400e8f4c0": "Herbert Bayer", "57273799f1498d1400e8f4c1": "1963\u201364 season", - "5727387b5951b619008f86e9": "Disney\u2013ABC was considering a sale of ABC Radio", + "5727387b5951b619008f86e9": "Disney", "5727387b5951b619008f86ea": "October 19, 2005", "5727387b5951b619008f86eb": "six", "57273954708984140094db05": "2004", - "57273954708984140094db06": "Desperate Housewives, Lost and Grey's Anatomy as well as reality series Dancing with the Stars", - "57273954708984140094db07": "George Bodenheimer", + "57273954708984140094db06": "Dancing with the Stars", + "57273954708984140094db07": "Anne Sweeney", "57273954708984140094db08": "NASCAR", "57273a0d708984140094db0d": "2002", "57273a0d708984140094db0e": "Michael Eisner", - "57273a0d708984140094db0f": "The Bachelor (the elimination-style dating show's success led to a spinoff", - "57273a0d708984140094db10": "The Bachelor (the elimination-style dating show's success led to a spinoff, The Bachelorette", - "57273abef1498d1400e8f4da": "Time Warner Cable removed ABC owned-and-operated stations from the cable provider's systems in four markets", - "57273abef1498d1400e8f4db": "ABC, ordering Time Warner Cable to restore the stations", + "57273a0d708984140094db0f": "The Bachelor", + "57273a0d708984140094db10": "Bachelorette", + "57273abef1498d1400e8f4da": "Time Warner", + "57273abef1498d1400e8f4db": "Time Warner Cable to restore the stations", "57273abef1498d1400e8f4dc": "NBC", - "57273abef1498d1400e8f4dd": "December 31, 1999", + "57273abef1498d1400e8f4dd": "April 30, 2000", "57273b69dd62a815002e99d6": "2000", - "57273b69dd62a815002e99d7": "The WB", - "57273b69dd62a815002e99d8": "\"TGIF\", which was struggling to find new hits (with Boy Meets World and Sabrina, the Teenage Witch", + "57273b69dd62a815002e99d7": "WB", + "57273b69dd62a815002e99d8": "CBS", "57273c195951b619008f8721": "August 1999", "57273c195951b619008f8722": "Regis Philbin", - "57273c195951b619008f8723": "Regis Philbin", - "57273c195951b619008f8724": "Regis Philbin", - "57273d19708984140094db3d": "January 4, 1996", - "57273d19708984140094db3e": "$1.65 billion", - "57273d19708984140094db3f": "Robert Iger taking his place as president and CEO", + "57273c195951b619008f8723": "Buena Vista Television", + "57273c195951b619008f8724": "Meredith Vieira", + "57273d19708984140094db3d": "1998", + "57273d19708984140094db3e": "subsidiary ABC Inc", + "57273d19708984140094db3f": "Knight Ridder", "57273d19708984140094db40": "Robert Iger", - "57273d19708984140094db41": "the Aaron Sorkin-created sitcom Sports Night", + "57273d19708984140094db41": "Sports Night", "57273dbbf1498d1400e8f508": "1965\u201366", "57273dbbf1498d1400e8f509": "third", - "57273dbbf1498d1400e8f50a": "Beating the Odds: The Untold Story Behind the Rise of ABC\", \"in the middle of a war [where] the battlefield was Wall Street", + "57273dbbf1498d1400e8f50a": "Beating the Odds: The Untold Story Behind the Rise of ABC", "57273ef15951b619008f8751": "May 1, 1953", "57273ef15951b619008f8752": "7 West 66th Street", "57273ef15951b619008f8753": "Baltimore", "57273f9d708984140094db51": "Robert Kintner", - "57273f9d708984140094db52": "the DuMont Television Network", + "57273f9d708984140094db52": "DuMont Television Network", "57273f9d708984140094db53": "ABC-DuMont", "57273f9d708984140094db54": "$5 million", "5727403af1498d1400e8f526": "Paramount Pictures", - "5727403af1498d1400e8f527": "Lone Ranger", + "5727403af1498d1400e8f527": "The Lone Ranger", "5727403af1498d1400e8f528": "Lone Ranger", - "57274118dd62a815002e9a1c": "Sugarfoot", + "57274118dd62a815002e9a1c": "Warner Bros. Presents", "57274118dd62a815002e9a1d": "Sugarfoot", "57274118dd62a815002e9a1e": "Walt Disney", - "57274118dd62a815002e9a1f": "1947 film Wyoming Kid", + "57274118dd62a815002e9a1f": "the wheel series Warner Bros. Presents", "572741aaf1498d1400e8f53e": "Goldenson", - "572741aaf1498d1400e8f53f": "$500,000 and accrued a guarantee of $4.5 million", + "572741aaf1498d1400e8f53f": "$500,000", "572741aaf1498d1400e8f540": "1954", "572741aaf1498d1400e8f541": "Disneyland", "572742daf1498d1400e8f550": "Allen Shaw", "572742daf1498d1400e8f551": "Harold L. Neal", - "572742daf1498d1400e8f552": "LOVE Radio\"", + "572742daf1498d1400e8f552": "LOVE Radio", "572742daf1498d1400e8f553": "seven", "5727436af1498d1400e8f558": "1969", - "5727436af1498d1400e8f559": "Aaron Spelling, David Wolper and Steven Spielberg (the latter of whom gained early success through the showcase for his 1971 film Duel", + "5727436af1498d1400e8f559": "Duel", "5727436af1498d1400e8f55a": "1971", - "5727436af1498d1400e8f55b": "$400,000\u2013$450,000", - "572743fb708984140094db93": "early 1970s", + "5727436af1498d1400e8f55b": "$400,000", + "572743fb708984140094db93": "1970s", "572743fb708984140094db94": "CBS and NBC", "572743fb708984140094db95": "behavioral and demographic", "5727448b5951b619008f87a1": "Monday Night Football", "5727448b5951b619008f87a2": "2006", - "5727448b5951b619008f87a3": "ESPN", - "5727448b5951b619008f87a4": "15%", + "5727448b5951b619008f87a3": "NBC", + "5727448b5951b619008f87a4": "15%\u201316%", "57274633dd62a815002e9a4e": "1970", "57274633dd62a815002e9a4f": "1972", - "57274633dd62a815002e9a50": "the existing Worldvision Enterprises", + "57274633dd62a815002e9a50": "Worldvision Enterprises", "572746d3dd62a815002e9a66": "advertising from all television and radio networks", "572746d3dd62a815002e9a67": "January 2, 1971", "572746d3dd62a815002e9a68": "Henry Plitt", @@ -5893,19 +5893,19 @@ "572747dd5951b619008f87a9": "1966", "572747dd5951b619008f87aa": "Happy Days", "572747dd5951b619008f87ab": "developing youth-oriented programming", - "572747dd5951b619008f87ac": "DC Comics' Justice League of America series. Eisner left ABC in 1976 to become president of Paramount Pictures", - "572748745951b619008f87b1": "Fred Silverman", - "572748745951b619008f87b2": "Fred Silverman", + "572747dd5951b619008f87ac": "Paramount Pictures", + "572748745951b619008f87b1": "Fred Pierce", + "572748745951b619008f87b2": "Fred Pierce", "572748745951b619008f87b3": "S.W.A.T.", "572748745951b619008f87b4": "November 3, 1975", "5727492f708984140094dbb5": "president of NBC's entertainment division", "5727492f708984140094dbb6": "Laverne & Shirley", - "5727492f708984140094dbb7": "jiggle TV", + "5727492f708984140094dbb7": "\"jiggle TV", "572749d7dd62a815002e9a90": "Alex Haley", "572749d7dd62a815002e9a91": "Aaron Spelling", "572749d7dd62a815002e9a92": "nine", "572749d7dd62a815002e9a93": "1976\u201377", - "572749d7dd62a815002e9a94": "Billy Crystal", + "572749d7dd62a815002e9a94": "a controversial soap opera parody", "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b4": "Roone Arledge", "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b5": "ABC Sports", "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b6": "7 Lincoln Square", @@ -5913,13 +5913,13 @@ "57274baff1498d1400e8f5dc": "June 1978", "57274baff1498d1400e8f5dd": "Hugh Downs", "57274baff1498d1400e8f5de": "Barbara Walters", - "57274baff1498d1400e8f5df": "MCA Inc", + "57274baff1498d1400e8f5df": "MCA Inc.", "57274cac708984140094dbdd": "ABC Cable News", "57274cac708984140094dbde": "ABC News", - "57274cac708984140094dbdf": "WJRT-TV and WTVG in Toledo, Ohio", - "57274cac708984140094dbe0": "WJRT-TV and WTVG", - "57274d905951b619008f87e1": "The Writers Guild of America", - "57274d905951b619008f87e2": "Dirty Sexy Money", + "57274cac708984140094dbdf": "WJRT-TV", + "57274cac708984140094dbe0": "WTVG", + "57274d905951b619008f87e1": "Writers Guild of America", + "57274d905951b619008f87e2": "Duel", "57274d905951b619008f87e3": "Caris & Co", "57274e6a5951b619008f87f1": "ABC Entertainment Group", "57274e6a5951b619008f87f2": "ABC Entertainment Group", @@ -5928,94 +5928,94 @@ "57274f07708984140094dbed": "2004", "57274f07708984140094dbee": "2004", "57274f07708984140094dbef": "Fridays", - "57274f07708984140094dbf0": "Fridays at the start of its fourth season in the fall of 2009", + "57274f07708984140094dbf0": "Wednesdays", "5727504b5951b619008f881d": "1970", "5727504b5951b619008f881e": "Worldvision Enterprises", - "5727504b5951b619008f881f": "Worldvision Enterprises", - "5727504b5951b619008f8820": "CBS Television Distribution, a unit of CBS Corporation", - "57275273dd62a815002e9b16": "Disney\u2013ABC International Television", - "57275273dd62a815002e9b17": "Buena Vista Television) handles domestic television distribution", - "57275273dd62a815002e9b18": "Buena Vista Television) handles domestic television distribution", - "57275273dd62a815002e9b19": "Cinerama Productions/Palomar theatrical library", + "5727504b5951b619008f881f": "Worldvision Enterprises as a syndication distributor, and ABC Circle Films", + "5727504b5951b619008f8820": "Turner Broadcasting System", + "57275273dd62a815002e9b16": "Disney", + "57275273dd62a815002e9b17": "Buena Vista Television", + "57275273dd62a815002e9b18": "Buena Vista Television", + "57275273dd62a815002e9b19": "Selznick library", "57275339dd62a815002e9b28": "WABC-TV and WPVI-TV", "57275339dd62a815002e9b29": "eight", "57275339dd62a815002e9b2a": "235", "57275339dd62a815002e9b2b": "96.26%", "572754b5dd62a815002e9b44": "1946", - "572754b5dd62a815002e9b45": "the seal of the Federal Communications Commission, with the letters \"ABC\" enclosed in a circular shield surmounted by the bald eagle", + "572754b5dd62a815002e9b45": "seal of the Federal Communications Commission", "572754b5dd62a815002e9b46": "1943", "57275573708984140094dc45": "2011", - "57275573708984140094dc46": "Supernanny, Extreme Makeover: Home Edition", - "57275573708984140094dc47": "4:3 standard definition. All of the network's programming has been presented in HD", - "57275573708984140094dc48": "4:3 standard definition", + "57275573708984140094dc46": "Extreme Makeover: Home Edition", + "57275573708984140094dc47": "HD", + "57275573708984140094dc48": "Extreme Makeover: Home Edition", "57275650708984140094dc5f": "720p high definition", - "57275650708984140094dc60": "720p high definition", + "57275650708984140094dc60": "1080i HD", "57275650708984140094dc61": "11", - "57275650708984140094dc62": "720p high definition, the native resolution", - "57275743f1498d1400e8f680": "ABC's dramas during that season continued to fail, with the midseason forensic investigation drama Body of Proof", + "57275650708984140094dc62": "ABC's master feed", + "57275743f1498d1400e8f680": "Body of Proof", "57275743f1498d1400e8f681": "Happy Endings", - "57275743f1498d1400e8f682": "ABC's dramas", - "57275743f1498d1400e8f683": "forensic investigation drama", - "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b6": "the long-running soap operas All My Children", + "57275743f1498d1400e8f682": "NBC", + "57275743f1498d1400e8f683": "Body of Proof", + "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b6": "All My Children", "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b7": "Prospect Park", - "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b8": "Prospect Park", - "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b9": "The talk/lifestyle", - "5727590df1498d1400e8f6ba": "fourth place in the 18\u201349 demographic", + "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b8": "Hulu", + "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b9": "/lifestyle", + "5727590df1498d1400e8f6ba": "18\u201349", "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6ca": "2004", - "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6cb": "ABC for eight years, finished the season in first place in the 18\u201349 demographic", - "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6cc": "Goldbergs", + "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6cb": "ABC", + "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6cc": "The Goldbergs", "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6cd": "Suburgatory", - "57275a505951b619008f889f": "The Middle and Modern Family", - "57275a505951b619008f88a0": "Dragon's Den reality format", - "57275a505951b619008f88a1": "spring of 2010", - "57275a505951b619008f88a2": "Tim Allen sitcom Last Man Standing) against CBS", - "57275bfb708984140094dc97": "Thomas Murphy", + "57275a505951b619008f889f": "Middle and Modern Family", + "57275a505951b619008f88a0": "Dragon's Den", + "57275a505951b619008f88a1": "Sundays", + "57275a505951b619008f88a2": "Tim Allen", + "57275bfb708984140094dc97": "Daniel Burke", "57275bfb708984140094dc98": "Thomas Murphy", "57275bfb708984140094dc99": "NYPD Blue", "57275bfb708984140094dc9a": "Steven Bochco", "57275bfb708984140094dc9b": "ten", "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6da": "1993", "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6db": "DIC Entertainment", - "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6dc": "Time Warner Cable to carry its owned-and-operated television stations on the provider's systems in ABC O&O markets", + "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6dc": "Time Warner Cable", "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6dd": "23.63%", "57275e125951b619008f88d7": "Chicago radio station WLS", "57275e125951b619008f88d8": "May 9, 1960", "57275e125951b619008f88d9": "John Bassett", "57275e125951b619008f88da": "CFTO-TV", "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f4": "Wide World of Sports", - "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f5": "Edgar Scherick", - "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f6": "Edgar Scherick through his company Sports Programs, Inc. and produced by a young Roone Arledge", - "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f7": "Sports Programs, Inc. in exchange for shares in the company, leading it to become the future core of ABC Sports", - "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f706": "ABC Records", - "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f707": "a pioneer series", - "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f708": "The Newlywed Game, featuring three recently married couples", - "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f709": "7 West 66th Street", + "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f5": "Arledge", + "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f6": "Roone Arledge", + "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f7": "Sports Programs, Inc.", + "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f706": "American Broadcasting Companies", + "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f707": "ABC Records in 1966. In December of that year, the ABC television network premiered The Dating Game", + "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f708": "partner's questions", + "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f709": "1330 Avenue of the Americas in Manhattan, at the corner of 54th Street", "57276166dd62a815002e9bd8": "90%", "57276166dd62a815002e9bd9": "Charlie's Angels", - "57276166dd62a815002e9bda": "Three's Company", - "57276166dd62a815002e9bdb": "Hearst Corporation offering cultural and arts programming, which aired as a nighttime service over the channel space of Nickelodeon", + "57276166dd62a815002e9bda": "Mork & Mindy", + "57276166dd62a815002e9bdb": "Hearst Corporation", "5727623a5951b619008f8921": "Infinity Broadcasting Corporation", - "5727623a5951b619008f8922": "Getty Oil's shares", - "5727623a5951b619008f8923": "RCA to merge ARTS and competing arts service, The Entertainment Channel, into a single cable channel called Arts & Entertainment Television", + "5727623a5951b619008f8922": "Getty Oil", + "5727623a5951b619008f8923": "Arts & Entertainment Television", "5727623a5951b619008f8924": "Arts & Entertainment Television", "572763a8708984140094dcd9": "Daniel B. Burke", - "572763a8708984140094dcda": "Daniel B. Burke while remaining ABC's chairman and CEO", + "572763a8708984140094dcda": "CEO", "572763a8708984140094dcdb": "$465 million", - "572763a8708984140094dcdc": "Step, Hangin' with Mr. Cooper, Boy Meets World and Perfect Strangers spinoff Family Matters", - "572763a8708984140094dcdd": "the network premiered Home Improvement", - "572764855951b619008f8951": "Good Morning America", + "572763a8708984140094dcdc": "America's Funniest Home Videos", + "572763a8708984140094dcdd": "Home Improvement", + "572764855951b619008f8951": "General Hospital", "572764855951b619008f8952": "The View and The Chew and the soap opera General Hospital", "572764855951b619008f8953": "7:00 to 9:00 a.m. weekdays", "572764855951b619008f8954": "Jimmy Kimmel Live!", "57276576dd62a815002e9c18": "New Jersey, Rhode Island and Delaware", - "57276576dd62a815002e9c19": "broadcasting either in analog or digital", - "57276576dd62a815002e9c1a": "Birmingham, Alabama", - "57276576dd62a815002e9c1b": "New Jersey is served by New York City O&O WABC-TV and Philadelphia O&O WPVI-TV", - "57276690708984140094dd01": "Touchstone", + "57276576dd62a815002e9c19": "WBMA-LD", + "57276576dd62a815002e9c1a": "WBND-LD", + "57276576dd62a815002e9c1b": "WLQP-LP", + "57276690708984140094dd01": "ABC Circle Films", "57276690708984140094dd02": "ABC Studios", - "57276690708984140094dd03": "the ABC Television Center", - "57276690708984140094dd04": "the ABC Television Center", - "5727678e5951b619008f8973": "the Times Square Studios", + "57276690708984140094dd03": "ABC Television Center", + "57276690708984140094dd04": "ABC Television Center", + "5727678e5951b619008f8973": "Times Square Studios", "5727678e5951b619008f8974": "Good Morning America and Nightline", "5727678e5951b619008f8975": "Peter Jennings Way", "5727678e5951b619008f8976": "World News Tonight", @@ -6023,507 +6023,507 @@ "572768d9708984140094dd14": "Hulu", "572768d9708984140094dd15": "July 6, 2009", "572768d9708984140094dd16": "27%", - "572769e85951b619008f8985": "January 7, 2014", - "572769e85951b619008f8986": "January 7, 2014", - "572769e85951b619008f8987": "video-on-demand television services provided by the other U.S. broadcast networks) disallows fast forwarding of accessed content", + "572769e85951b619008f8985": "the day after their original broadcast", + "572769e85951b619008f8986": "eight", + "572769e85951b619008f8987": "fast forwarding of accessed content", "572769e85951b619008f8988": "January 7, 2014", "57276a8f5951b619008f8995": "LoyalKaspar", "57276a8f5951b619008f8996": "four", - "57276a8f5951b619008f8997": "\"ABC Modern\" (which was inspired by the logotype", - "57276a8f5951b619008f8998": "ABC News", + "57276a8f5951b619008f8997": "ABC Modern", + "57276a8f5951b619008f8998": "ESPN", "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b2": "14", - "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b3": "14 primary affiliates compared to the 74", - "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b4": "mandated the inclusion of UHF tuning", - "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b5": "UHF tuning", + "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b3": "14", + "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b4": "All-Channel Receiver Act", + "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b5": "UHF", "57276d7f708984140094dd3f": "Youngstown", - "57276d7f708984140094dd40": "one or both of the existing stations", + "57276d7f708984140094dd40": "five times", "57276d7f708984140094dd41": "WTRF-TV", - "57276d7f708984140094dd42": "1980s", - "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd0": "Disney", - "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd1": "Desilu", + "57276d7f708984140094dd42": "1960s", + "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd0": "Walt Disney", + "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd1": "Desilu Productions", "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd2": "because of its use of violence", "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd3": "April 1959", - "5727705f5951b619008f89f3": "the ABC Sunday Night Movie", + "5727705f5951b619008f89f3": "ABC Sunday Night Movie", "5727705f5951b619008f89f4": "$15.5 million", "5727705f5951b619008f89f5": "Hanna-Barbera, The Jetsons", - "5727705f5951b619008f89f6": "General Hospital", + "5727705f5951b619008f89f6": "Flintstones with another animated series from Hanna-Barbera, The Jetsons", "5727705f5951b619008f89f7": "April 1, 1963", - "572771a5f1498d1400e8f840": "ABC management", - "572771a5f1498d1400e8f841": "Donald F. Turner, head antitrust regulator for the United States Department of Justice", - "572771a5f1498d1400e8f842": "the Department of Justice", + "572771a5f1498d1400e8f840": "ITT to ABC management", + "572771a5f1498d1400e8f841": "journalistic integrity", + "572771a5f1498d1400e8f842": "Department of Justice", "572771a5f1498d1400e8f843": "January 1, 1968", "57277373dd62a815002e9d24": "Capital Cities Communications", "57277373dd62a815002e9d25": "$3.5 billion", "57277373dd62a815002e9d26": "Warren Buffett", - "57277373dd62a815002e9d27": "the E. W. Scripps Company", - "57277373dd62a815002e9d28": "12 television stations", + "57277373dd62a815002e9d27": "E. W. Scripps Company", + "57277373dd62a815002e9d28": "12", "572774cf5951b619008f8a51": "September 5, 1985", - "572774cf5951b619008f8a52": "federal approval on September 5, 1985", + "572774cf5951b619008f8a52": "Capital Cities/ABC, Inc", "572774cf5951b619008f8a53": "president of ABC's broadcasting division", - "572774cf5951b619008f8a54": "Thomas S. Murphy", - "572774cf5951b619008f8a55": "Thomas S. Murphy", - "57277585708984140094de2b": "Laverne & Shirley ended its run in 1983, Happy Days and Three's Company", - "57277585708984140094de2c": "Laverne & Shirley ended its run in 1983, Happy Days and Three's Company", + "572774cf5951b619008f8a54": "Frederick S. Pierce was named president of ABC's broadcasting division; Michael P. Millardi", + "572774cf5951b619008f8a55": "Frederick S. Pierce", + "57277585708984140094de2b": "Laverne & Shirley", + "57277585708984140094de2c": "Laverne & Shirley", "57277585708984140094de2d": "NBC", - "57277585708984140094de2e": "Happy Days and Three's Company", - "57277585708984140094de2f": "short-lived spinoff", + "57277585708984140094de2e": "Love Boat", + "57277585708984140094de2f": "comedies", "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c4": "TGIF", "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c5": "Thank Goodness It's Funny", "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c6": "Miller-Boyett Productions", "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c7": "Warner Bros", "572776e85951b619008f8a7f": "seven", - "572776e85951b619008f8a80": "Ralph Nelson-directed Charly", + "572776e85951b619008f8a80": "Charly", "572776e85951b619008f8a81": "Ralph Nelson", "572776e85951b619008f8a82": "1985", - "572776e85951b619008f8a83": "California", + "572776e85951b619008f8a83": "Redwood City, California", "5727780a5951b619008f8a9d": "westerns and detective series", "5727780a5951b619008f8a9e": "500%", - "5727780a5951b619008f8a9f": "10% and 18%", + "5727780a5951b619008f8a9f": "between 10% and 18%", "5727780a5951b619008f8aa0": "Ollie Treiz", "5727780a5951b619008f8aa1": "Ollie Treiz", - "57277944f1498d1400e8f90a": "continuum", - "57277944f1498d1400e8f90b": "the actioner Zorro", + "57277944f1498d1400e8f90a": "philosophy of counterprogramming against its competitors", + "57277944f1498d1400e8f90b": "actioner Zorro", "57277944f1498d1400e8f90c": "Life", - "57277944f1498d1400e8f90d": "the actioner Zorro) went up against and defeated the variety shows aired by NBC and CBS", - "57277af2708984140094dec3": "WATCH ABC\"", + "57277944f1498d1400e8f90d": "detective shows", + "57277af2708984140094dec3": "WATCH ABC", "57277af2708984140094dec4": "New York City O&O WABC-TV and Philadelphia O&O WPVI-TV", "57277af2708984140094dec5": "Hearst Television", - "57277af2708984140094dec6": "ESPN's WatchESPN", - "57277bfc708984140094ded9": "The Sinclair Broadcast Group", + "57277af2708984140094dec6": "WatchESPN", + "57277bfc708984140094ded9": "Sinclair Broadcast Group", "57277bfc708984140094deda": "WABM-DT2/WDBB-DT2", - "57277bfc708984140094dedb": "The Sinclair Broadcast Group is the largest operator of ABC stations by numerical total", - "57277bfc708984140094dedc": "28 ABC affiliates and two", + "57277bfc708984140094dedb": "E. W. Scripps Company", + "57277bfc708984140094dedc": "28", "57277bfc708984140094dedd": "28", - "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e76": "Troika", + "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e76": "Start Here", "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e77": "Troika", - "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e78": "the entertainment division", - "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e79": "the entertainment division, while blue ribbons were used for ABC News", + "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e78": "entertainment division", + "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e79": "entertainment division", "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea4": "WFTS-TV and WWSB", "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea5": "KMBC-TV and KQTV", - "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea6": "WFTS-TV and WWSB", - "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea7": "WTSP", - "57269e8a5951b619008f77f5": "\"Genghis Khan", - "57269e8a5951b619008f77f6": "nomadic tribes of Northeast Asia", - "57269e8a5951b619008f77f7": "Northeast Asia", - "57269e8a5951b619008f77f8": "Central Asia and China", - "57269e8a5951b619008f77f9": "Western Xia", + "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea6": "WZZM and WOTV", + "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea7": "WWSB", + "57269e8a5951b619008f77f5": "the Mongol Empire", + "57269e8a5951b619008f77f6": "nomadic tribes", + "57269e8a5951b619008f77f7": "the Khwarezmian and Xia controlled lands", + "57269e8a5951b619008f77f8": "the Khwarezmian and Xia", + "57269e8a5951b619008f77f9": "Western Xia and Jin dynasties", "5726a00d708984140094cc25": "\u00d6gedei Khan", "5726a00d708984140094cc26": "1227", "5726a00d708984140094cc27": "Western Xia", - "5726a00d708984140094cc28": "Western Xia", + "5726a00d708984140094cc28": "his sons and grandsons", "5726a00d708984140094cc29": "Mongolia", - "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e578": "northern Mongolia", - "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e579": "Tem\u00fcjin-\u00fcge", + "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e578": "Del\u00fc\u00fcn Boldog", + "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e579": "Yes\u00fcgei", "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e57a": "1162", "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e57b": "Tatar chieftain, Tem\u00fcjin-\u00fcge", "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbc": "Tem\u00fclen", "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbd": "Begter and Belgutei", - "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbe": "a marriage for him, and at nine years of age he was delivered by his father to the family of his future wife B\u00f6rte", - "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbf": "nomads of Mongolia", - "5726a340dd62a815002e8bc0": "B\u00f6rte", - "5726a4a9708984140094ccb7": "Temujin's mother Hoelun", + "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbe": "marriage", + "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbf": "Khongirad", + "5726a340dd62a815002e8bc0": "Dai Setsen", + "5726a4a9708984140094ccb7": "Begter", "5726a4a9708984140094ccb8": "Temujin's mother Hoelun", - "5726a4a9708984140094ccb9": "Temujin's mother Hoelun", - "5726a4a9708984140094ccba": "half-brother Begter", - "5726a5f65951b619008f7903": "his father's former allies, the Tayichi'ud", - "5726a5f65951b619008f7904": "portable stocks", - "5726a5f65951b619008f7905": "Genghis Khan", - "5726a5f65951b619008f7906": "Genghis Khan", - "5726a5f65951b619008f7907": "crevice", + "5726a4a9708984140094ccb9": "Khasar", + "5726a4a9708984140094ccba": "one hunting excursion", + "5726a5f65951b619008f7903": "the Tayichi'ud", + "5726a5f65951b619008f7904": "a sort of portable stocks", + "5726a5f65951b619008f7905": "Jelme and Bo'orchu", + "5726a5f65951b619008f7906": "Jelme and Bo'orchu", + "5726a5f65951b619008f7907": "a river crevice", "5726a784708984140094ccff": "arranged marriages", - "5726a784708984140094cd00": "Tem\u00fcjin's mother Hoelun", + "5726a784708984140094cd00": "mother Hoelun", "5726a784708984140094cd01": "Chinese dynasties to the south", - "5726a784708984140094cd02": "many lessons about the unstable political climate of Mongolia", - "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c34": "Tem\u00fcjin married B\u00f6rte of the Onggirat", + "5726a784708984140094cd02": "unstable", + "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c34": "Onggirat", "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c35": "the Merkits", - "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c36": "Tem\u00fcjin rescued her with the help of his friend and future rival, Jamukha", - "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c37": "Jamukha", + "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c36": "Jamukha", + "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c37": "Jochi", "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c38": "1185\u20131226", "5726a9ed5951b619008f7969": "three", - "5726a9ed5951b619008f796a": "Genghis Khan", - "5726a9ed5951b619008f796b": "1187\u20141241), \u00d6gedei (1189", - "5726a9ed5951b619008f796c": "Genghis Khan", - "5726a9ed5951b619008f796d": "at least six", + "5726a9ed5951b619008f796a": "Chagatai", + "5726a9ed5951b619008f796b": "1241", + "5726a9ed5951b619008f796c": "Chagatai", + "5726a9ed5951b619008f796d": "at least six daughters", "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a2": "sworn brother or blood brother", - "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a3": "the Merkits", - "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a4": "the Merkits", + "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a3": "B\u00f6rte", + "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a4": "the Keraites", "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a5": "20,000", "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a6": "Jamukha", - "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6ca": "Mongolian", - "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cb": "the shaman Kokochu", + "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6ca": "traditional Mongolian aristocracy", + "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cb": "Kokochu", "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cc": "1186", - "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cd": "the Merkits", - "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6ce": "the Qara Khitai. The life of Tem\u00fcjin for the next ten years is very unclear", + "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cd": "Battle of Dalan Balzhut", + "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6ce": "Qara Khitai", "5726ae32708984140094cdab": "the Yassa code", - "5726ae32708984140094cdac": "stronger with each victory", - "5726ae32708984140094cdad": "the conquered tribe", - "5726ae32708984140094cdae": "stronger with each victory", + "5726ae32708984140094cdac": "civilians", + "5726ae32708984140094cdad": "orphans", + "5726ae32708984140094cdae": "civilians", "5726af765951b619008f7a51": "Jochi", "5726af765951b619008f7a52": "Jamukha", "5726af765951b619008f7a53": "Jamukha", - "5726af765951b619008f7a54": "Jamukha", - "5726b0985951b619008f7a91": "Naimans", + "5726af765951b619008f7a54": "Keraite", + "5726b0985951b619008f7a91": "his own men", "5726b0985951b619008f7a92": "1201", "5726b0985951b619008f7a93": "universal ruler", - "5726b0985951b619008f7a94": "Subutai, Jelme's well-known younger brother", - "5726b0985951b619008f7a95": "1201", + "5726b0985951b619008f7a94": "Subutai, Jelme", + "5726b0985951b619008f7a95": "1206", "5726b1d95951b619008f7acd": "friendship and reunion", - "5726b1d95951b619008f7ace": "disloyal men in his army. Jamukha refused the offer of friendship and reunion", - "5726b1d95951b619008f7acf": "disloyal men in his army. Jamukha refused the offer of friendship and reunion", + "5726b1d95951b619008f7ace": "he did not want disloyal men in his army", + "5726b1d95951b619008f7acf": "death", "5726b1d95951b619008f7ad0": "spilling blood", "5726b879708984140094cf01": "the Chinese", "5726b879708984140094cf02": "Jamukha", "5726b879708984140094cf03": "Khasar", - "5726b879708984140094cf04": "siege warfare from the Chinese", - "5726b879708984140094cf05": "Jamukha (who also wanted to be a ruler of Mongol tribes) and Wang Khan", + "5726b879708984140094cf04": "motivations", + "5726b879708984140094cf05": "Wang Khan", "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf1": "1206", - "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf2": "Tem\u00fcjin", - "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf3": "a council of Mongol chiefs, Tem\u00fcjin was acknowledged as \"Khan\" of the consolidated tribes and took the new title \"Genghis Khan\"", - "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf4": "a Khuruldai, a council of Mongol chiefs", - "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf5": "Khuruldai, a council of Mongol chiefs", + "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf2": "Khuruldai", + "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf3": "Khagan", + "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf4": "a council of Mongol chiefs", + "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf5": "Genghis Khan", "5726bb645951b619008f7c3b": "Jin dynasty", "5726bb645951b619008f7c3c": "Ming-Tan", - "5726bb645951b619008f7c3d": "1234", - "5726bb645951b619008f7c3e": "Beijing). This forced the Emperor Xuanzong to move his capital south to Kaifeng", + "5726bb645951b619008f7c3d": "1211", + "5726bb645951b619008f7c3e": "Caizhou", "5726bb645951b619008f7c3f": "\u00d6gedei Khan", "5726bd655951b619008f7c9f": "Genghis Khan", - "5726bd655951b619008f7ca0": "the Western Liao", + "5726bd655951b619008f7ca0": "Jin dynasty", "5726bd655951b619008f7ca1": "20,000", - "5726bd655951b619008f7ca2": "Genghis Khan decided to conquer the Qara Khitai and defeat Kuchlug", - "5726bd655951b619008f7ca3": "Western Liao", - "5726bf135951b619008f7ce9": "change strategies and resort to inciting internal revolt among Kuchlug's supporters, leaving the Qara Khitai more vulnerable to Mongol conquest", + "5726bd655951b619008f7ca2": "Jebe", + "5726bd655951b619008f7ca3": "The Arrow", + "5726bf135951b619008f7ce9": "inciting internal revolt", "5726bf135951b619008f7cea": "Kashgar", - "5726bf135951b619008f7ceb": "1218", - "5726bf135951b619008f7cec": "Khwarezmia", - "5726bf135951b619008f7ced": "Muslim state that reached the Caspian Sea to the west and Persian Gulf", + "5726bf135951b619008f7ceb": "1218, as a result of defeat of Qara Khitai, the Mongol Empire and its control extended as far west", + "5726bf135951b619008f7cec": "Qara Khitai, the Mongol Empire and its control extended as far west as Lake Balkhash", + "5726bf135951b619008f7ced": "Muslim", "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f76": "Shah Ala ad-Din Muhammad", - "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f77": "Genghis Khan", - "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f78": "Khwarezmia", + "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f77": "the governor of the Khwarezmian city of Otrar", + "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f78": "Muslim", "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f79": "100,000", "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f7a": "Silk Road", - "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa6": "Shan mountains", - "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa7": "three", - "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa8": "northeast", - "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa9": "Jochi", - "5726c20fdd62a815002e8faa": "southeast part of Khwarzemia to form, with the first division, a pincer attack on Samarkand", - "5726c3b3708984140094d0cf": "Khwarezmia's defeats", + "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa6": "Tien Shan mountains", + "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa7": "three groups", + "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa8": "the southeast part of Khwarzemia", + "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa9": "Genghis Khan", + "5726c20fdd62a815002e8faa": "Samarkand", + "5726c3b3708984140094d0cf": "small groups concentrated in various cities", "5726c3b3708984140094d0d0": "Otrar", - "5726c3b3708984140094d0d1": "silver", - "5726c3b3708984140094d0d2": "allowed the Mongols, although exhausted from the long journey", - "5726c3b3708984140094d0d3": "the Khwarzemi forces", + "5726c3b3708984140094d0d1": "molten silver", + "5726c3b3708984140094d0d2": "fled", + "5726c3b3708984140094d0d3": "Subutai and Jebe", "5726c4c8708984140094d0f5": "Samarkand fell, the capital was moved to Bukhara", "5726c4c8708984140094d0f6": "Bukhara", - "5726c4c8708984140094d0f7": "farmland", - "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae2": "captured enemies as body shields", - "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae3": "executed every soldier", - "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae4": "severed heads", - "5726c7a85951b619008f7ddd": "opened the gates", - "5726c7a85951b619008f7dde": "The city leaders", + "5726c4c8708984140094d0f7": "from the map", + "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae2": "body shields", + "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae3": "executed every soldier that had taken arms against him", + "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae4": "pyramids of severed heads", + "5726c7a85951b619008f7ddd": "The city leaders opened the gates to the Mongols", + "5726c7a85951b619008f7dde": "Turkish defenders", "5726c7a85951b619008f7ddf": "artisans and craftsmen", - "5726c7a85951b619008f7de0": "flail of God", - "5726c7a85951b619008f7de1": "a unit of Turkish defenders held the city's citadel for another twelve days. Survivors from the citadel were executed, artisans and craftsmen", + "5726c7a85951b619008f7de0": "the flail of God", + "5726c7a85951b619008f7de1": "young men", "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9046": "1220", "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9047": "Subutai", - "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9048": "Afghanistan and northern India towards Mongolia", - "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9049": "Bulgars", - "5726c9b0dd62a815002e904a": "Genghis Khan", - "57272bcb5951b619008f8683": "Subutai and Jebe", - "57272bcb5951b619008f8684": "Subutai and Jebe", - "57272bcb5951b619008f8685": "Subutai and Jebe", - "57272bcb5951b619008f8686": "1240", + "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9048": "Mongolia", + "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9049": "Battle of Kalka River", + "5726c9b0dd62a815002e904a": "Mstislav the Bold of Halych and Mstislav III", + "57272bcb5951b619008f8683": "Genghis Khan's grandson Batu and the Golden Horde", + "57272bcb5951b619008f8684": "the Golden Horde", + "57272bcb5951b619008f8685": "Transoxiana and Persia", + "57272bcb5951b619008f8686": "1225", "57272bcb5951b619008f8687": "Samarkand", "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43a": "1226", "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43b": "autumn", - "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43c": "Tangut generals challenged the Mongols", + "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43c": "the Mongols", "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43d": "Yellow River", - "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43e": "One of the Tangut generals challenged the Mongols to a battle near Helan Mountains but was defeated", + "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43e": "a line of five stars", "57272dd55951b619008f8697": "Ning Hia", "57272dd55951b619008f8698": "Ma Jianlong", "57272dd55951b619008f8699": "arrows", - "57272dd55951b619008f869a": "the spring", - "57272dd55951b619008f869b": "executed", + "57272dd55951b619008f869a": "Liupanshan", + "57272dd55951b619008f869b": "ordered the entire imperial family to be executed", "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f44e": "Jochi", "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f44f": "\u00d6gedei", - "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f450": "Genghis Khan", + "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f450": "the Mongols", "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f451": "\u00d6gedei", "57272ff2708984140094dabd": "Chagatai and Jochi", - "57272ff2708984140094dabe": "Chagatai was considered unstable due to his temper and rash behavior, because of statements he made that he would not follow Jochi", - "57272ff2708984140094dabf": "Chagatai was considered unstable due to his temper and rash behavior, because of statements he made that he would not follow Jochi", - "57272ff2708984140094dac0": "Genghis Khan", + "57272ff2708984140094dabe": "Chagatai", + "57272ff2708984140094dabf": "Jochi", + "57272ff2708984140094dac0": "\u00d6gedei", "5727311d5951b619008f86ab": "1226", "5727311d5951b619008f86ac": "Khorasan", - "5727311d5951b619008f86ad": "destruction", + "5727311d5951b619008f86ad": "Urgench from destruction", "5727311d5951b619008f86ae": "Genghis Khan", - "5727311d5951b619008f86af": "hearing of these plans that Genghis Khan ordered his son secretly poisoned", + "5727311d5951b619008f86af": "Jochi was secretly poisoned", "57273249f1498d1400e8f46a": "Western Xia", - "57273249f1498d1400e8f46b": "hunting or battle", - "57273249f1498d1400e8f46c": "Genghis Khan died. The exact cause of his death remains a mystery", + "57273249f1498d1400e8f46b": "fell from his horse while hunting and died", + "57273249f1498d1400e8f46c": "arrow", "57273249f1498d1400e8f46d": "Western Xia", "57273249f1498d1400e8f46e": "Oirads", - "572732f8f1498d1400e8f474": "The Genghis Khan Mausoleum, constructed many years after his death, is his memorial, but not his burial site", - "572732f8f1498d1400e8f475": "Khentii Aimag, where many assume he is buried somewhere close to the Onon River and the Burkhan Khaldun mountain", - "572732f8f1498d1400e8f476": "Burkhan Khaldun mountain", - "572732f8f1498d1400e8f477": "The Genghis Khan Mausoleum", + "572732f8f1498d1400e8f474": "customs of his tribe", + "572732f8f1498d1400e8f475": "Khentii Aimag", + "572732f8f1498d1400e8f476": "Onon River", + "572732f8f1498d1400e8f477": "Genghis Khan Mausoleum", "57273455f1498d1400e8f48c": "Edsen Khoroo", - "57273455f1498d1400e8f48d": "the Dongshan Dafo Dian", - "57273455f1498d1400e8f48e": "Mongolia", + "57273455f1498d1400e8f48d": "Dongshan Dafo Dian", + "57273455f1498d1400e8f48e": "Tibetan monastery of Kumbum Monastery or Ta'er Shi near Xining", "57273455f1498d1400e8f48f": "1956", "57273455f1498d1400e8f490": "Red Guards", "57273581708984140094daeb": "October 6, 2004", - "57273581708984140094daec": "Mongolian archaeological dig", - "57273581708984140094daed": "Gilgamesh of Uruk", + "57273581708984140094daec": "long-lost", + "57273581708984140094daed": "horses, and that trees were then planted over the site, and the permafrost", "57273581708984140094daee": "horses", "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b5": "Genghis Khan", - "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b4": "Yassa", + "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b4": "the Yassa", "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b6": "meritocracy", - "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b7": "Genghis Khan", - "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b8": "Genghis Khan", + "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b7": "Genghis Khan and his family", + "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b8": "Muhammad Khan", "57273887dd62a815002e99a2": "tax exemptions for religious figures and, to some extent, teachers and doctors. The Mongol Empire practiced religious tolerance", - "57273887dd62a815002e99a3": "Ong Khan", - "57273887dd62a815002e99a4": "law or interference", - "57273887dd62a815002e99a5": "Buddhist or Christian", + "57273887dd62a815002e99a3": "Nestorian", + "57273887dd62a815002e99a4": "a personal concept", + "57273887dd62a815002e99a5": "Shamanist, Buddhist or Christian", "572739a75951b619008f86f7": "T\u00f6regene Khatun", "572739a75951b619008f86f8": "Pax Mongolica", "572739a75951b619008f86f9": "T\u00f6regene Khatun", - "572739a75951b619008f86fa": "equality of all individuals, including women", + "572739a75951b619008f86fa": "women", "57273b1a5951b619008f8709": "Chu'Tsai", - "57273b1a5951b619008f870a": "because they were nomads", - "57273b1a5951b619008f870b": "the Mongol army", - "57273b1a5951b619008f870c": "Genghis Khan invited a Khitan prince", + "57273b1a5951b619008f870a": "they were nomads", + "57273b1a5951b619008f870b": "the Jin dynasty", + "57273b1a5951b619008f870c": "Khitan rulers", "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e2": "Muqali, Jebe and Subutai", "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e3": "Karakorum", "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e4": "Muqali", - "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e5": "Muqali, Jebe and Subutai", + "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e5": "Subutai and Jebe", "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e6": "unwavering loyalty", - "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f6": "siege warfare, cutting off resources for cities and towns by diverting certain rivers", - "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f7": "new ideas, techniques and tools from the people they conquered", + "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f6": "certain rivers", + "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f7": "Muslim and Chinese siege engines", "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f8": "ambush and counterattack", - "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f9": "Muslim and Chinese siege engines and engineers", - "57273dccdd62a815002e99fa": "the Mongol Empire stretched from the Caspian Sea to the Sea of Japan", + "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f9": "in front of the army", + "57273dccdd62a815002e99fa": "the Caspian Sea", "57273dccdd62a815002e99fb": "the Caspian Sea", - "57273dccdd62a815002e99fc": "Genghis's successor \u00d6gedei Khan", + "57273dccdd62a815002e99fc": "Genghis's death in 1227. Under Genghis's successor \u00d6gedei Khan", "57273dccdd62a815002e99fd": "1279", "57273eecf1498d1400e8f51e": "West, Middle East and Asia", "57273eecf1498d1400e8f51f": "Turkey", - "57273eecf1498d1400e8f520": "tolerant of religions", - "57273eecf1498d1400e8f521": "increased communication", + "57273eecf1498d1400e8f520": "meritocracy", + "57273eecf1498d1400e8f521": "increased", "5727404b708984140094db59": "early 1990s", - "5727404b708984140094db5a": "positively by Mongolians for his role in uniting warring tribes", - "5727404b708984140094db5b": "positively by Mongolians for his role in uniting warring tribes", - "5727404b708984140094db5c": "positively by Mongolians for his role in uniting warring tribes", - "5727404b708984140094db5d": "his brutality", - "57274126dd62a815002e9a24": "Chinggis Khaan International Airport", - "57274126dd62a815002e9a25": "500, 1,000, 5,000, 10,000, and 20,000 Mongolian t\u00f6gr\u00f6g", + "5727404b708984140094db5a": "his butchery is exaggerated", + "5727404b708984140094db5b": "the \"father of the Mongols", + "5727404b708984140094db5c": "Mongolians maintain that the historical records written by non-Mongolians are unfairly biased against Genghis Khan", + "5727404b708984140094db5d": "a chasm in the perception of his brutality", + "57274126dd62a815002e9a24": "t\u00f6gr\u00f6g", + "57274126dd62a815002e9a25": "Genghis Khan", "57274126dd62a815002e9a26": "Chinggis Khaan International Airport", "57274126dd62a815002e9a27": "to avoid trivialization", - "57274126dd62a815002e9a28": "Ulaanbaatar is named Chinggis Khaan International Airport", + "57274126dd62a815002e9a28": "Ulaanbaatar", "5727515af1498d1400e8f63a": "Ikh Zasag", - "5727515af1498d1400e8f63b": "anti-corruption efforts as Genghis Khan sought equal protection under the law for all citizens regardless of status or wealth", - "5727515af1498d1400e8f63c": "Tsakhiagiin", - "5727515af1498d1400e8f63d": "cultural similarity. He reinforced many Mongol traditions and provided stability and unity", + "5727515af1498d1400e8f63b": "illegal matters related to corruption and bribery very heavily", + "5727515af1498d1400e8f63c": "Elbegdorj", + "5727515af1498d1400e8f63d": "traditional Mongolian script", "57275250708984140094dc25": "Inner Mongolia", "57275250708984140094dc26": "5 million", "57275250708984140094dc27": "Kublai Khan", - "57275250708984140094dc28": "Genghis Khan never conquered all of China, his grandson Kublai Khan completed that conquest and established the Yuan dynasty", - "57275250708984140094dc29": "5 million, almost twice the population of Mongolia. While Genghis Khan never conquered all of China", + "57275250708984140094dc28": "Yuan", + "57275250708984140094dc29": "great military leader and political genius", "572753af708984140094dc2f": "Iran", - "572753af708984140094dc30": "three-fourths", - "572753af708984140094dc31": "15 million", - "572754cd5951b619008f8863": "Mamluks of Egypt, but Hulagu's descendant Ghazan Khan", - "572754cd5951b619008f8864": "Mamluks", - "572754cd5951b619008f8865": "Hulagu's descendant Ghazan Khan", + "572753af708984140094dc30": "up to three-fourths", + "572753af708984140094dc31": "10 to 15 million", + "572754cd5951b619008f8863": "Hulagu Khan", + "572754cd5951b619008f8864": "the Mamluks of Egypt", + "572754cd5951b619008f8865": "Ghazan Khan", "572754cd5951b619008f8866": "1237", - "572754cd5951b619008f8867": "annihilated all of the major cities of Eastern Europe with the exceptions of Novgorod and Pskov", + "572754cd5951b619008f8867": "Novgorod and Pskov", "572756715951b619008f8877": "Timur", - "572756715951b619008f8878": "Genghis Khan and Timur", + "572756715951b619008f8878": "Timur", "572756715951b619008f8879": "Nishapur", "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69a": "tenggis", "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69b": "Lake Baikal and ocean", - "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69c": "meaning \"right\"", - "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69d": "tenggis by the Mongols", - "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69e": "13th century Mongolian pronunciation", - "572758c3dd62a815002e9b78": "Tem\u00fcjin", - "572758c3dd62a815002e9b79": "variety of ways in different languages", + "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69c": "\"right\", \"just\", or \"true\"", + "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69d": "Mongolian adjectival modifier -s, creating \"Jenggis\", which in medieval romanization would be written \"Genghis", + "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69e": "Chinggis", + "572758c3dd62a815002e9b78": "Chinggis Khaan", + "572758c3dd62a815002e9b79": "in variety of ways in different languages", "572758c3dd62a815002e9b7a": "simplified Chinese: \u94c1\u6728\u771f", - "572758c3dd62a815002e9b7b": "Mongolian Chinggis Khaan", + "572758c3dd62a815002e9b7b": "Chinghiz, Chinghis, and Chingiz", "572758c3dd62a815002e9b7c": "Ti\u011bm\u00f9zh\u0113n", "5726d8bd708984140094d35b": "pharma", "5726d8bd708984140094d35c": "tobacco and patent medicines", - "5726d8bd708984140094d35d": "poison", + "5726d8bd708984140094d35d": "sorcery", "5726d8bd708984140094d35e": "outdated", - "5726d8bd708984140094d35f": "surgery and midwifery. The pharma (as it was referred to) often operated through a retail shop", - "5726d9935951b619008f7fed": "small-business proprietors", + "5726d8bd708984140094d35f": "operated through a retail shop which, in addition to ingredients for medicines, sold tobacco and patent medicines", + "5726d9935951b619008f7fed": "healthcare", "5726d9935951b619008f7fee": "quality use of medicines", "5726d9935951b619008f7fef": "optimisation of a drug treatment for an individual", - "5726d9935951b619008f7ff0": "small-business proprietors", - "5726d9935951b619008f7ff1": "small-business proprietors", - "5726da89dd62a815002e92b2": "pharmacist (if employed in a hospital pharmacy) but instead is supervised and managed by other senior pharmacy technicians", - "5726da89dd62a815002e92b3": "pharmacists and pharmacy technicians", - "5726da89dd62a815002e92b4": "supervised and managed by other senior pharmacy technicians", - "5726da89dd62a815002e92b5": "a health care professional and often does not work under the direct supervision of a pharmacist", - "5726da89dd62a815002e92b6": "pharmacists and pharmacy technicians", - "5726db5add62a815002e92d5": "writing a five volume book in his native Greek \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 in the 1st century AD", - "5726db5add62a815002e92d6": "Materia Medica", - "5726db5add62a815002e92d7": "medica", - "5726db5add62a815002e92d4": "Carystus", - "5726db5add62a815002e92d8": "Pedanius Dioscorides", - "5726dcbddd62a815002e9320": "modern pharmacists were highly respected", - "5726dcbddd62a815002e9321": "Taih\u014d Code", - "5726dcbddd62a815002e9322": "pharmacists in society was expressly defined in the Taih\u014d Code", - "5726dcbddd62a815002e9323": "modern pharmacists were highly respected", - "5726dcbddd62a815002e9324": "two personal physicians of the Emperor", - "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee04": "botany and chemistry led medicine", + "5726d9935951b619008f7ff0": "in optimisation of a drug treatment for an individual", + "5726d9935951b619008f7ff1": "specialised education and training who perform various roles to ensure optimal health outcomes for their patients through the quality use of medicines", + "5726da89dd62a815002e92b2": "senior pharmacy technicians", + "5726da89dd62a815002e92b3": "General Pharmaceutical Council", + "5726da89dd62a815002e92b4": "to manage the pharmacy department", + "5726da89dd62a815002e92b5": "health care", + "5726da89dd62a815002e92b6": "supervised and managed by other senior pharmacy technicians", + "5726db5add62a815002e92d5": "Greek", + "5726db5add62a815002e92d6": "De Materia Medica", + "5726db5add62a815002e92d7": "materia medica", + "5726db5add62a815002e92d4": "Diocles of Carystus", + "5726db5add62a815002e92d8": "middle eastern scientists", + "5726dcbddd62a815002e9320": "fulfilled roles similar to those of modern pharmacists were highly respected", + "5726dcbddd62a815002e9321": "Taih\u014d Code (701) and re-stated in the Y\u014dr\u014d Code (718)", + "5726dcbddd62a815002e9322": "the Meiji Restoration", + "5726dcbddd62a815002e9323": "even ranked above the two personal physicians of the Emperor", + "5726dcbddd62a815002e9324": "ranked above", + "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee04": "the Middle East in botany and chemistry led medicine", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee05": "Muhammad ibn Zakar\u012bya R\u0101zi", - "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee06": "Muhammad ibn Zakar\u012bya R\u0101zi", - "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee08": "Muhammad ibn Zakar\u012bya R\u0101zi", + "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee06": "Peter", + "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee08": "Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (Abulcasis)", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee07": "sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate", "5726deed5951b619008f80c5": "15th century", - "5726deed5951b619008f80c6": "the Church of Santa Maria Novella in Florence, Italy", - "5726deed5951b619008f80c7": "a perfume museum", - "5726deed5951b619008f80c8": "antique drugs", + "5726deed5951b619008f80c6": "Church of Santa Maria Novella in Florence, Italy", + "5726deed5951b619008f80c7": "perfume museum", + "5726deed5951b619008f80c8": "old prescription books and antique drugs", "5726deed5951b619008f80c9": "1221", "5726e08e5951b619008f810f": "pharmacy legislation", - "5726e08e5951b619008f8110": "automation", + "5726e08e5951b619008f8110": "automation to assist them in their new role dealing with patients' prescriptions and patient safety issues", "5726e08e5951b619008f8111": "automation", - "5726e08e5951b619008f8112": "patients' prescriptions", - "5726e08e5951b619008f8113": "storage conditions", - "5726e179dd62a815002e93ae": "in hospitals gain more education and training after pharmacy school through a pharmacy practice residency and sometimes followed by another residency in a specific area", + "5726e08e5951b619008f8112": "automation", + "5726e08e5951b619008f8113": "the dispensary", + "5726e179dd62a815002e93ae": "hospitals", "5726e179dd62a815002e93af": "various disciplines of pharmacy", - "5726e179dd62a815002e93b0": "effectiveness of treatment regimens, safety of medications", + "5726e179dd62a815002e93b0": "medications", "5726e179dd62a815002e93b1": "clinical pharmacists", - "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb2": "premises", - "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb3": "unit-dose, or a single dose of medicine", - "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb4": "Hospital pharmacists", - "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb5": "impact of medications and pharmacy services on patient-care outcomes and patient safety", - "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb6": "a single dose of medicine", + "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb2": "within the premises", + "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb3": "unit-dose", + "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb4": "high risk preparations", + "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb5": "The high cost of medications and drug-related technology", + "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb6": "specialized medications, than would be feasible in the community setting. Most hospital medications are unit-dose, or a single dose of medicine", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9404": "direct patient care services that optimizes the use of medication and promotes health, wellness, and disease prevention", - "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9405": "all health care settings, but the clinical pharmacy movement initially began inside hospitals and clinics", + "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9405": "inside hospitals and clinics", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9406": "physicians and other healthcare professionals", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9407": "patient care rounds drug product selection", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9408": "all health care settings, but the clinical pharmacy movement initially began inside hospitals and clinics", - "5726e5c95951b619008f81cb": "potential drug interactions, adverse drug reactions, and assess patient drug allergies while designing and initiating a drug therapy plan", - "5726e5c95951b619008f81cc": "an evaluation of the appropriateness of the drug therapy", - "5726e5c95951b619008f81cd": "e.g., drug choice, dose, route, frequency, and duration of therapy", - "5726e5c95951b619008f81ce": "potential drug interactions, adverse drug reactions, and assess patient drug allergies while designing and initiating a drug therapy plan", - "5726e985dd62a815002e94da": "ambulatory care pharmacists are given full independent prescribing authority", + "5726e5c95951b619008f81cb": "creating a comprehensive drug therapy plan for patient-specific problems", + "5726e5c95951b619008f81cc": "an evaluation of the appropriateness", + "5726e5c95951b619008f81cd": "drug choice, dose, route, frequency, and duration of therapy", + "5726e5c95951b619008f81ce": "adverse drug reactions", + "5726e985dd62a815002e94da": "independent prescribing", "5726e985dd62a815002e94db": "North Carolina and New Mexico", "5726e985dd62a815002e94dc": "2011", - "5726e985dd62a815002e94dd": "BCACP", - "5726e985dd62a815002e94de": "the VA, the Indian Health Service, and NIH", - "5726ea985951b619008f8261": "medication regimen review (i.e. \"cognitive services\") than on actual dispensing of drugs", + "5726e985dd62a815002e94dd": "Board Certified Ambulatory Care Pharmacist", + "5726e985dd62a815002e94de": "VA, the Indian Health Service, and NIH", + "5726ea985951b619008f8261": "many elderly people", "5726ea985951b619008f8262": "nursing homes", "5726ea985951b619008f8263": "Omnicare, Kindred Healthcare and PharMerica", - "5726ea985951b619008f8264": "because many elderly people are now taking numerous medications", - "5726ea985951b619008f8265": "consulting services", - "5726eb4b5951b619008f826b": "2000", + "5726ea985951b619008f8264": "many elderly people are now taking numerous medications but continue to live outside of institutional settings", + "5726ea985951b619008f8265": "provide consulting services", + "5726eb4b5951b619008f826b": "about the year 2000", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826c": "physicians", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826d": "online pharmacies", - "5726eb4b5951b619008f826e": "to be more convenient and private method", - "5726eb4b5951b619008f826f": "the method", + "5726eb4b5951b619008f826e": "homebound", + "5726eb4b5951b619008f826f": "the method by which the medications are requested and received", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00c": "to avoid the \"inconvenience", - "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00d": "visiting a doctor or to obtain medications which their doctors were unwilling to prescribe. However, this practice has been criticized as potentially dangerous", + "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00d": "those who feel that only doctors", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00e": "potentially dangerous", - "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00f": "sell prescription drugs", - "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f010": "sell prescription drugs without requiring a prescription", - "5726edecdd62a815002e957e": "hydrocodone) via the Internet without a prescription issued by a doctor/practitioner who has an established doctor-patient relationship", - "5726edecdd62a815002e957f": "\"patient\" s/he has never met.[citation needed] In the United States", - "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f05e": "hydrocodone) via the Internet without a prescription issued by a doctor/practitioner who has an established doctor-patient relationship", - "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f05f": "a prescription for a controlled substance to be valid", + "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00f": "sell prescription drugs and require a valid prescription", + "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f010": "sell prescription drugs and require a valid prescription", + "5726edecdd62a815002e957e": "the ease with which people, youth in particular, can obtain controlled substances", + "5726edecdd62a815002e957f": "\"patient\" s/he has never met", + "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f05e": "the ease with which people, youth in particular, can obtain controlled substances", + "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f05f": "\"patient\" s/he has never", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f060": "ensure that the prescription is valid", - "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f061": "hydrocodone", - "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f062": "hydrocodone", - "5726f0e35951b619008f82f7": "reduce consumer costs", - "5726f0e35951b619008f82f8": "Canada", + "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f061": "individual state laws", + "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f062": "prescription", + "5726f0e35951b619008f82f7": "to reduce consumer costs", + "5726f0e35951b619008f82f8": "United States", "5726f0e35951b619008f82f9": "international drug suppliers", - "5726f0e35951b619008f82fa": "a prescription, who has ever been charged by authorities", - "5726f0e35951b619008f82fb": "importation", - "5726f2375951b619008f830f": "science and applied information science", + "5726f0e35951b619008f82fa": "no", + "5726f0e35951b619008f82fb": "legalize importation of medications", + "5726f2375951b619008f830f": "pharmacy practice science and applied information science", "5726f2375951b619008f8310": "information technology departments or for healthcare information technology vendor companies", - "5726f2375951b619008f8311": "national and international patient information projects", + "5726f2375951b619008f8311": "major national and international patient information projects and health system", "5726f2375951b619008f8312": "information technology departments or for healthcare information technology vendor companies", "5726f2375951b619008f8313": "quickly", - "5726f36cdd62a815002e95fe": "19 of 28 newly FDA approved medications", + "5726f36cdd62a815002e95fe": "Specialty pharmacies", "5726f36cdd62a815002e95ff": "19 of 28", "5726f36cdd62a815002e9600": "cancer, hepatitis, and rheumatoid arthritis", - "5726f36cdd62a815002e9601": "cancer, hepatitis, and rheumatoid arthritis", - "5726f36cdd62a815002e9602": "lab monitoring, adherence counseling, and assist patients with cost-containment strategies needed to obtain their expensive specialty drugs", + "5726f36cdd62a815002e9601": "high cost injectable, oral, infused, or inhaled", + "5726f36cdd62a815002e9602": "lab monitoring, adherence counseling", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0da": "separately from physicians", - "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0db": "pharmacists are regulated separately from physicians", - "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dc": "American Medical Association", - "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dd": "10 percent", - "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0de": "may supply scheduled pharmaceuticals", + "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0db": "the United States), pharmacists are regulated separately from physicians. These jurisdictions also usually specify that only pharmacists", + "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dc": "American Medical Association (AMA) Code of Ethics", + "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dd": "7 to 10 percent", + "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0de": "regulated separately from physicians. These jurisdictions also usually specify that only pharmacists may supply scheduled pharmaceuticals to the public", "5726f635dd62a815002e9657": "United Kingdom", "5726f635dd62a815002e9656": "rural areas in the United Kingdom", - "5726f635dd62a815002e9658": "1.6 kilometres", + "5726f635dd62a815002e9658": "1.6 kilometres)", "5726f635dd62a815002e9659": "1.6 kilometres", "5726f7715951b619008f838d": "high risk of a conflict of interest and/or the avoidance of absolute powers", - "5726f7715951b619008f838e": "in exaggerating their seriousness", - "5726f7715951b619008f838f": "absolute powers", - "5726f7715951b619008f8391": "diagnosing\" as many conditions as possible, and in exaggerating their seriousness", - "5726f7715951b619008f8390": "diagnosing\" as many conditions as possible, and in exaggerating their seriousness, because he or she can then sell more medications", - "5726f868dd62a815002e9684": "more integral within the health care system. Rather than simply dispensing medication, pharmacists are increasingly expected to be compensated", - "5726f868dd62a815002e9685": "their patient care skills", - "5726f868dd62a815002e9686": "MTM) includes the clinical services", - "5726f868dd62a815002e9687": "the thorough analysis of all medication", - "5726f868dd62a815002e9688": "their patient care skills", + "5726f7715951b619008f838e": "financial self-interest", + "5726f7715951b619008f838f": "high risk of a conflict of interest and/or the avoidance of absolute powers", + "5726f7715951b619008f8391": "directly conflicts with the patient's interest", + "5726f7715951b619008f8390": "obtaining cost-effective medication", + "5726f868dd62a815002e9684": "more integral within the health care system", + "5726f868dd62a815002e9685": "compensated for their patient care skills", + "5726f868dd62a815002e9686": "clinical services that pharmacists can provide for their patients", + "5726f868dd62a815002e9687": "Medication Therapy Management", + "5726f868dd62a815002e9688": "increased patient health outcomes and decreased costs to the health care system", "5726f96ddd62a815002e9698": "Alberta and British Columbia", - "5726f96ddd62a815002e9699": "the government", + "5726f96ddd62a815002e9699": "Australian Government", "5726f96ddd62a815002e969a": "medicine use reviews", - "5726f96ddd62a815002e969b": "pharmacists", - "5726f96ddd62a815002e969c": "Pharm. D.) degree is now required before entering practice and some pharmacists now complete one or two years of residency or fellowship training", + "5726f96ddd62a815002e969b": "pharmaceutical care or clinical pharmacy", + "5726f96ddd62a815002e969c": "Doctor of Pharmacy", "5726fa525951b619008f83f7": "mortar and pestle", - "5726fa525951b619008f83f8": "Bowl of Hygieia", + "5726fa525951b619008f83f8": "globe", "5726fa525951b619008f83f9": "Netherlands", "5726fa525951b619008f83fa": "Germany and Austria", - "5726fa525951b619008f83fb": "United Kingdom, Belgium, Ireland", - "5726e65e708984140094d53d": "a system of many biological structures and processes", - "5726e65e708984140094d53e": "the brain", - "5726e65e708984140094d53f": "the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system", + "5726fa525951b619008f83fb": "France, Argentina", + "5726e65e708984140094d53d": "a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease", + "5726e65e708984140094d53e": "disease", + "5726e65e708984140094d53f": "the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity", "5726e65e708984140094d540": "neuroimmune system", - "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efda": "a system of many biological structures and processes", - "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efdb": "the brain", - "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efdc": "the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system", + "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efda": "a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease", + "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efdb": "disease", + "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efdc": "the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity", "5728eff82ca10214002daadc": "disease", "5728eff82ca10214002daadd": "pathogens", "5728eff82ca10214002daade": "neuroimmune system", - "5728eff82ca10214002daadf": "the neuroimmune system which protects the brain", + "5728eff82ca10214002daadf": "the blood\u2013brain barrier, blood\u2013cerebrospinal fluid barrier, and similar fluid\u2013brain", "572a14af3f37b319004786c1": "pathogens", - "572a14af3f37b319004786c3": "many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems", - "572a14af3f37b319004786c2": "viruses to parasitic worms", + "572a14af3f37b319004786c3": "the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity", + "572a14af3f37b319004786c2": "the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity", "572a14af3f37b319004786c4": "pathogens", "5726eb785951b619008f8275": "neutralization by the immune system", - "5726eb785951b619008f8276": "rudimentary", - "5726eb785951b619008f8277": "eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants, such as plants and invertebrates", + "5726eb785951b619008f8276": "rudimentary immune system", + "5726eb785951b619008f8277": "plants and invertebrates", "5726eb785951b619008f8278": "creates immunological memory", "572a135daf94a219006aa79f": "bacteriophage", "572a135daf94a219006aa7a0": "phagocytosis", "572a135daf94a219006aa7a1": "vaccination", - "572a135daf94a219006aa7a2": "enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that same pathogen. This process of acquired immunity", + "572a135daf94a219006aa7a2": "defensins, and the complement system. Jawed vertebrates", "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe2": "autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer", "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe3": "when the immune system is less active than normal", - "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe4": "severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication", + "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe4": "genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication", "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe5": "severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication", - "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe6": "hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms", - "5728f2e26aef051400154896": "recurring and life-threatening infections", + "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe6": "Hashimoto's thyroiditis,", + "5728f2e26aef051400154896": "Immunodeficiency", "5728f2e26aef051400154897": "autoimmunity", "5728f2e26aef051400154898": "Immunology", - "5728f2e26aef051400154899": "HIV/AIDS", - "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f166": "Athens in 430 BC", - "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f167": "scorpion venom", - "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f168": "Walter Reed", + "5728f2e26aef051400154899": "HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication", + "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f166": "the plague of Athens", + "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f167": "scorpion", + "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f168": "Louis Pasteur", "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f169": "Walter Reed", - "5728f3724b864d1900165116": "Walter Reed", - "5728f3724b864d1900165117": "miasma theory", + "5728f3724b864d1900165116": "Robert Koch's 1891 proofs", + "5728f3724b864d1900165117": "microorganisms", "5728f3724b864d1900165118": "yellow fever", - "5728f3724b864d1900165119": "Athens in 430 BC", - "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f16e": "the adaptive immune system", - "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f16f": "the innate immune system", - "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f170": "second layer of protection, the adaptive immune system", + "5728f3724b864d1900165119": "430 BC", + "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f16e": "an immunological memory", + "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f16f": "The immune system", + "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f170": "adaptive immune system", "5728f6446aef0514001548e4": "Innate immune systems", "5728f6446aef0514001548e5": "the adaptive immune system", - "5728f6446aef0514001548e6": "immunological memory", - "5728f6446aef0514001548e7": "physical barriers prevent pathogens such as bacteria and viruses", - "5728f7774b864d190016512e": "non-self molecules", + "5728f6446aef0514001548e6": "an immunological memory", + "5728f6446aef0514001548e7": "The immune system", + "5728f7774b864d190016512e": "self and non-self molecules", "5728f7774b864d190016512f": "self molecules", "5728f7774b864d1900165130": "non-self molecules", "5728f7774b864d1900165131": "antigens", @@ -6532,451 +6532,451 @@ "5728f9882ca10214002dab5b": "The innate immune system", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5c": "microorganisms", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5d": "non-specific", - "5728fb002ca10214002dab6a": "the first line of defense against infection", - "5728fb002ca10214002dab6b": "the first line of defense against infection", - "5728fb002ca10214002dab6c": "The flushing action of tears and urine", - "5728fb002ca10214002dab6d": "mucus secreted by the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract", - "5728fb002ca10214002dab6e": "urine", + "5728fb002ca10214002dab6a": "waxy cuticle of many leaves, the exoskeleton", + "5728fb002ca10214002dab6b": "waxy cuticle", + "5728fb002ca10214002dab6c": "coughing and sneezing mechanically eject pathogens and other irritants from the respiratory tract. The flushing action of tears and urine", + "5728fb002ca10214002dab6d": "mucus", + "5728fb002ca10214002dab6e": "tears and urine", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec7": "\u03b2-defensins", - "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec8": "lysozyme and phospholipase A2 in saliva, tears, and breast milk", + "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec8": "lysozyme and phospholipase A2", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec9": "defensins and zinc", - "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9eca": "Chemical barriers also protect against infection. The skin and respiratory tract secrete antimicrobial peptides such as the \u03b2-defensins", - "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ecb": "when they become slightly acidic", + "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9eca": "gastric acid and proteases", + "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ecb": "menarche", "5728fd206aef05140015494c": "commensal flora", - "5728fd206aef05140015494d": "non-specifically target bacteria and do not affect fungi", - "5728fd206aef05140015494e": "lactobacilli", + "5728fd206aef05140015494d": "fungi", + "5728fd206aef05140015494e": "pure cultures of the lactobacilli", "5728fd206aef05140015494f": "pH or available iron", "572900f73f37b31900477f69": "Inflammation", "572900f73f37b31900477f6a": "increased blood flow into tissue", "572900f73f37b31900477f6b": "eicosanoids and cytokines", "572900f73f37b31900477f6c": "prostaglandins", "572900f73f37b31900477f6d": "interleukins", - "572905ce1d04691400778f83": "phagocytes' that engulf, or eat, pathogens or particles", + "572905ce1d04691400778f83": "phagocytes", "572905ce1d04691400778f84": "cytokines", - "572905ce1d04691400778f85": "an intracellular vesicle called a phagosome", + "572905ce1d04691400778f85": "phagosome", "572905ce1d04691400778f86": "phagolysosome", "572905ce1d04691400778f87": "acquiring nutrients", - "5729081d3f37b31900477fab": "Neutrophils are normally found in the bloodstream", + "5729081d3f37b31900477fab": "Neutrophils and macrophages", "5729081d3f37b31900477fac": "Neutrophils", "5729081d3f37b31900477fad": "50% to 60%", "5729081d3f37b31900477fae": "chemotaxis", - "5729081d3f37b31900477faf": "chemicals including enzymes, complement proteins", + "5729081d3f37b31900477faf": "interleukin 1", "572908c13f37b31900477fbd": "Leukocytes", - "572908c13f37b31900477fbe": "Leukocytes (white blood cells", - "572908c13f37b31900477fbf": "the adaptive immune system", - "572908c13f37b31900477fc0": "macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells), mast cells, eosinophils, basophils", + "572908c13f37b31900477fbe": "Leukocytes", + "572908c13f37b31900477fbf": "adaptive immune system", + "572908c13f37b31900477fc0": "macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells", "5729efab3f37b319004785cf": "Dendritic cells", "5729efab3f37b319004785d0": "neuronal dendrites", - "5729efab3f37b319004785d1": "they present antigens to T cells", + "5729efab3f37b319004785d1": "present antigens to T cells", "5729efab3f37b319004785d2": "T cells", - "5729f06f1d04691400779674": "\"natural killer\"", - "5729f06f1d04691400779673": "tumor cells or virus-infected cells", - "5729f06f1d04691400779675": "MHC I", + "5729f06f1d04691400779674": "missing self", + "5729f06f1d04691400779673": "Natural killer cells", + "5729f06f1d04691400779675": "MHC", "5729f06f1d04691400779676": "killer cell immunoglobulin receptors", "5729f12e3f37b319004785e1": "early vertebrates", "5729f12e3f37b319004785e2": "antigen presentation", - "5729f12e3f37b319004785e3": "the generation of responses that are tailored to specific pathogens or pathogen-infected cells", - "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d3": "the killer T cell and the helper T cell", + "5729f12e3f37b319004785e3": "specific pathogens or pathogen-infected cells", + "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d3": "killer T cell and the helper T cell", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d4": "regulatory T cells", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d5": "Class I MHC molecules, while helper T cells and regulatory T cells only recognize antigens coupled to Class II MHC molecules", - "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d6": "MHC receptors", - "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d7": "MHC receptors", - "5729f39a6aef05140015514c": "viruses", - "5729f39a6aef05140015514e": "a co-receptor on the T cell, called CD8", - "5729f39a6aef05140015514d": "TCR", + "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d6": "Class II MHC molecules", + "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d7": "the \u03b3\u03b4 T cells", + "5729f39a6aef05140015514c": "Killer T cells", + "5729f39a6aef05140015514e": "CD8", + "5729f39a6aef05140015514d": "CD8", "5729f39a6aef051400155150": "granulysin", - "5729f39a6aef05140015514f": "when their T cell receptor (TCR", - "5729f4b41d0469140077968b": "Lck", - "5729f4b41d0469140077968c": "200\u2013300", - "5729f4b41d0469140077968d": "200\u2013300", - "5729f4b41d0469140077968e": "Cytokine signals produced by helper T cells enhance the microbicidal function of macrophages and the activity of killer T cells", - "5729f4b41d0469140077968f": "MHC:antigen complex is also recognized by the helper cell's CD4 co-receptor, which recruits molecules inside the T cell", - "5729f5a03f37b31900478605": "\u03b1\u03b2) T cells and share the characteristics of helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells and NK cells", - "5729f5a03f37b31900478606": "alternative T cell receptor", - "5729f5a03f37b31900478607": "\u03b1\u03b2) T cells and share the characteristics of helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells and NK cells", - "5729f5a03f37b31900478608": "diversity", - "5729f5a03f37b31900478609": "epithelia respond to stressed epithelial cells", - "5729f69caf94a219006aa6f9": "B cell and processed by proteolysis", + "5729f39a6aef05140015514f": "perforin", + "5729f4b41d0469140077968b": "CD4 co-receptor, which recruits molecules inside the T cell (e.g., Lck", + "5729f4b41d0469140077968c": "around 200\u2013300", + "5729f4b41d0469140077968d": "around 200\u2013300", + "5729f4b41d0469140077968e": "cytokines", + "5729f4b41d0469140077968f": "CD40", + "5729f5a03f37b31900478605": "helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells and NK cells", + "5729f5a03f37b31900478606": "TCR", + "5729f5a03f37b31900478607": "invariant TCRs, such as CD1d-restricted Natural Killer T cells, \u03b3\u03b4 T cells", + "5729f5a03f37b31900478608": "receptor diversity", + "5729f5a03f37b31900478609": "large numbers of human V\u03b39/V\u03b42 T cells", + "5729f69caf94a219006aa6f9": "B", "5729f69caf94a219006aa6fa": "proteolysis", - "5729f69caf94a219006aa6fb": "lymphokines and activates the B cell. As the activated B cell then begins to divide", + "5729f69caf94a219006aa6fb": "lymphokines", "5729f799af94a219006aa707": "long-lived memory cells", - "5729f799af94a219006aa708": "an animal", + "5729f799af94a219006aa708": "passive short-term memory or active long-term memory.", "5729f799af94a219006aa709": "passive short-term memory or active long-term memory", - "5729f799af94a219006aa70a": "animal, these memory cells remember each specific pathogen", + "5729f799af94a219006aa70a": "specific pathogen encountered", "5729f8516aef05140015516c": "microbes", "5729f8516aef05140015516d": "IgG", - "5729f8516aef05140015516e": "IgG", - "5729f8516aef05140015516f": "IgG", + "5729f8516aef05140015516e": "Breast milk or colostrum", + "5729f8516aef05140015516f": "passive immunity", "5729f9953f37b3190047861f": "immunomodulators", "5729f9953f37b31900478620": "both adaptive and innate immune responses", - "5729f9953f37b31900478621": "lupus erythematosus strike women preferentially, and their onset often coincides with puberty", - "5729f9953f37b31900478622": "coincides with puberty", + "5729f9953f37b31900478621": "lupus erythematosus", + "5729f9953f37b31900478622": "immunosuppressive", "5729fa40af94a219006aa70f": "NFIL3", "5729fa40af94a219006aa710": "heart disease, chronic pain, and asthma", "5729fa40af94a219006aa711": "sleep deprivation", - "5729fb003f37b31900478627": "hormone levels", + "5729fb003f37b31900478627": "progressive decline in hormone levels with age", "5729fb003f37b31900478628": "vitamin D", - "5729fb003f37b31900478629": "thyroid hormone activity", + "5729fb003f37b31900478629": "some hormones are regulated by the immune system, notably thyroid hormone activity", "5729fb003f37b3190047862a": "cholecalciferol", "5729fc3d1d0469140077969d": "killer T cells", "5729fc3d1d0469140077969e": "MHC class I molecules", - "5729fc3d1d0469140077969f": "viral antigens", - "5729fc3d1d046914007796a0": "killer T cells", - "5729fd111d046914007796a5": "phagocytic cells", + "5729fc3d1d0469140077969f": "viral", + "5729fc3d1d046914007796a0": "antibodies", + "5729fd111d046914007796a5": "phagocytic", "5729fd111d046914007796a6": "Pathogen-associated molecular patterns or PAMPs", "5729fd111d046914007796a7": "rapid apoptosis", - "5729fd111d046914007796a8": "RNA silencing mechanisms", + "5729fd111d046914007796a8": "Systemic acquired resistance", "5729fd111d046914007796a9": "RNA silencing", "5729fe5c3f37b3190047862f": "autoimmune disorders", "5729fe5c3f37b31900478630": "self and non-self", "5729fe5c3f37b31900478631": "in the thymus and bone marrow", - "5729fe5c3f37b31900478632": "self\" peptides", - "5729fefbaf94a219006aa739": "Immunodeficiencies occur when one or more of the components of the immune system are inactive", + "5729fe5c3f37b31900478632": "\"self\"", + "5729fefbaf94a219006aa739": "Immunodeficiencies", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73a": "young and the elderly", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73b": "50 years", - "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73c": "obesity, alcoholism", + "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73c": "obesity, alcoholism, and drug use", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73d": "malnutrition", "5729ffda1d046914007796af": "vaccination", "5729ffda1d046914007796b0": "immunization", - "5729ffda1d046914007796b1": "immunization", - "5729ffda1d046914007796b2": "the natural specificity of the immune system", - "572a019f3f37b31900478643": "a type II secretion system", - "572a019f3f37b31900478644": "a type III", - "572a019f3f37b31900478645": "move from the pathogen to the host. These proteins are often used to shut down host defenses", - "572a019f3f37b31900478646": "elude host immune responses", - "572a02483f37b3190047864b": "Frank Burnet, inspired by a suggestion made by Niels Jerne", - "572a02483f37b3190047864c": "pathogens", - "572a02483f37b3190047864d": "activation of T cells", + "5729ffda1d046914007796b1": "an antigen", + "5729ffda1d046914007796b2": "natural specificity", + "572a019f3f37b31900478643": "type II secretion system. Alternatively, using a type III", + "572a019f3f37b31900478644": "type III secretion system", + "572a019f3f37b31900478645": "move from the pathogen to the host", + "572a019f3f37b31900478646": "host immune responses", + "572a02483f37b3190047864b": "Frank Burnet", + "572a02483f37b3190047864c": "pathogens, an allograft", + "572a02483f37b3190047864d": "histocompatibility", "572a02483f37b3190047864e": "Niels Jerne", "572a03086aef0514001551a2": "Glucocorticoids", - "572a03086aef0514001551a3": "central obesity, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, and their use must be tightly controlled. Lower doses of anti-inflammatory drugs", - "572a03086aef0514001551a4": "central obesity, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis", - "572a03086aef0514001551a5": "methotrexate or azathioprine", - "572a04d51d046914007796cd": "elicit an effective response against any intruding pathogens. As well during awake active times, anti-inflammatory molecules", + "572a03086aef0514001551a3": "cytotoxic or immunosuppressive drugs such as methotrexate or azathioprine", + "572a03086aef0514001551a4": "methotrexate or azathioprine", + "572a03086aef0514001551a5": "cyclosporin", + "572a04d51d046914007796cd": "cytotoxic natural killer cells", "572a04d51d046914007796ce": "cortisol and catecholamines", - "572a04d51d046914007796cf": "melatonin", + "572a04d51d046914007796cf": "melatonin. Inflammation causes a great deal of oxidative stress and the presence of melatonin", "572a04d51d046914007796d0": "free radical", "572a058aaf94a219006aa751": "vitamin D receptor", - "572a058aaf94a219006aa752": "calcitriol", - "572a058aaf94a219006aa753": "vitamin D. Not only does the T-cell extend a vitamin D receptor", - "572a058aaf94a219006aa754": "vitamin D, calcitriol, but the T-cell expresses the gene CYP27B1", - "572a058aaf94a219006aa755": "macrophages", + "572a058aaf94a219006aa752": "steroid hormone calcitriol", + "572a058aaf94a219006aa753": "symbiotic", + "572a058aaf94a219006aa754": "CYP27B1", + "572a058aaf94a219006aa755": "dendritic cells, keratinocytes and macrophages", "572a06af3f37b31900478667": "Pattern recognition receptors", "572a06af3f37b31900478668": "defensins", - "572a06af3f37b31900478669": "The complement system and phagocytic cells", - "572a06af3f37b3190047866a": "RNA interference pathway", + "572a06af3f37b31900478669": "phagocytic cells", + "572a06af3f37b3190047866a": "Ribonucleases", "572a07fc6aef0514001551dc": "immunoglobulins and T cell receptors", - "572a07fc6aef0514001551dd": "the lamprey and hagfish", + "572a07fc6aef0514001551dd": "lamprey and hagfish", "572a07fc6aef0514001551de": "Variable lymphocyte receptors", - "572a07fc6aef0514001551df": "the jawed vertebrates", + "572a07fc6aef0514001551df": "adaptive immune system", "572a096e6aef0514001551e4": "lymphocytes", - "572a096e6aef0514001551e5": "bacteriophages", + "572a096e6aef0514001551e5": "restriction modification system", "572a096e6aef0514001551e6": "viral pathogens, called bacteriophages", - "572a096e6aef0514001551e7": "bacteriophages", - "572a0a686aef0514001551ec": "\"cellular\" and \"humoral", - "572a0a686aef0514001551ed": "Elie Metchnik", + "572a096e6aef0514001551e7": "acquired immunity", + "572a0a686aef0514001551ec": "\"cellular\" and \"humoral\"", + "572a0a686aef0514001551ed": "Elie Metchnikoff", "572a0a686aef0514001551ee": "phagocytes", "572a0a686aef0514001551ef": "Robert Koch and Emil von Behring", - "572a0a686aef0514001551f0": "Elie Metchnikoff", + "572a0a686aef0514001551f0": "soluble components (molecules)", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f6": "cancers", - "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f7": "MHC class I molecules", + "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f7": "MHC", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f8": "cytokine TGF-\u03b2", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f9": "macrophages and lymphocytes", "572a0bf96aef051400155204": "Hypersensitivity", "572a0bf96aef051400155205": "four", - "572a0bf96aef051400155206": "an immune response that damages the body's own tissues. They are divided into four classes", - "572a0bf96aef051400155207": "poison ivy", - "572a0bf96aef051400155208": "Type I \u2013 IV", - "572a0ce11d046914007796fd": "evasion strategy", - "572a0ce11d046914007796fe": "Salmonella and the eukaryotic parasites that cause malaria", - "572a0ce11d046914007796ff": "Plasmodium falciparum) and leishmaniasis", + "572a0bf96aef051400155206": "immediate or anaphylactic reaction, often associated with allergy", + "572a0bf96aef051400155207": "antibody-dependent (or cytotoxic)", + "572a0bf96aef051400155208": "Type II", + "572a0ce11d046914007796fd": "intracellular pathogenesis", + "572a0ce11d046914007796fe": "Salmonella", + "572a0ce11d046914007796ff": "Plasmodium falciparum", "572a0ce11d04691400779700": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "572a0ce11d04691400779701": "Peptostreptococcus magnus", "572a0e4b6aef051400155214": "antigenic variation", "572a0e4b6aef051400155215": "HIV", "572a0e4b6aef051400155216": "HIV", - "572a0e4b6aef051400155217": "epitopes", - "572a0f073f37b3190047867f": "surveillance", - "572a0f073f37b31900478680": "papillomavirus", + "572a0e4b6aef051400155217": "amino acids and/or sugars", + "572a0f073f37b3190047867f": "immune surveillance", + "572a0f073f37b31900478680": "papilloma", "572a0f073f37b31900478681": "tyrosinase", "572a0f073f37b31900478682": "immune surveillance", - "572a0f073f37b31900478683": "immune surveillance", - "572a10cd6aef051400155222": "500", - "572a10cd6aef051400155223": "epitope regions than hydrophobic", - "572a10cd6aef051400155224": "bioinformatics-based studies of immunogenicity is referred to as immunoinformatics", + "572a0f073f37b31900478683": "melanomas", + "572a10cd6aef051400155222": "larger than 6000 Da)", + "572a10cd6aef051400155223": "hydrophilic", + "572a10cd6aef051400155224": "proteomics", "572a10cd6aef051400155225": "B cells", - "572a10cd6aef051400155226": "B cells", - "572a12386aef051400155234": "cortisol, epinephrine", - "572a12386aef051400155235": "epinephrine", - "572a12386aef051400155236": "cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine induce increased blood levels of the hormones leptin", - "572a12386aef051400155237": "prolactin) support the interactions between APCs and T-cells", - "572a142e3f37b319004786b9": "microbe", - "572a142e3f37b319004786bc": "disrupting their plasma membrane", - "572a142e3f37b319004786ba": "rapid killing response. The speed of the response is a result of signal amplification", - "572a142e3f37b319004786bb": "microbe", + "572a10cd6aef051400155226": "immunoinformatics", + "572a12386aef051400155234": "leptin, pituitary growth hormone, and prolactin", + "572a12386aef051400155235": "APCs", + "572a12386aef051400155236": "Th1/Th2", + "572a12386aef051400155237": "Th1", + "572a142e3f37b319004786b9": "carbohydrates", + "572a142e3f37b319004786bc": "by disrupting their plasma membrane", + "572a142e3f37b319004786ba": "signal amplification that occurs following sequential proteolytic activation of complement molecules", + "572a142e3f37b319004786bb": "catalytic", "57271c235951b619008f860b": "Civil disobedience", - "57271c235951b619008f860c": "Civil disobedience", + "57271c235951b619008f860c": "apartheid", "57271c235951b619008f860d": "Singing Revolution", "57271c235951b619008f860e": "Ukraine", - "57271c235951b619008f860f": "Georgia and the 2004 Orange Revolution in Ukraine", - "5728d4c03acd2414000dff9f": "Egyptians against the British occupation", - "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa0": "Egyptians against the British occupation", - "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa1": "rebelled against what they deem to be unfair laws", + "57271c235951b619008f860f": "Georgia", + "5728d4c03acd2414000dff9f": "Egyptians", + "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa0": "Egyptians", + "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa1": "to be unfair laws", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa2": "what they deem to be unfair laws", - "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa3": "fight against apartheid", + "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa3": "apartheid", "57271f125951b619008f8635": "Antigone", - "57271f125951b619008f8636": "Oedipus, defies Creon", - "57271f125951b619008f8637": "Oedipus, defies Creon", + "57271f125951b619008f8636": "one of the daughters of former King of Thebes, Oedipus, defies Creon", + "57271f125951b619008f8637": "Oedipus", "57271f125951b619008f8638": "Antigone", "57271f125951b619008f8639": "giving her brother Polynices a proper burial", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb3": "Antigone", - "5728d5793acd2414000dffb4": "King of Thebes, Oedipus, defies Creon", - "5728d5793acd2414000dffb5": "Oedipus, defies Creon", - "5728d5793acd2414000dffb6": "one of the daughters of former King of Thebes, Oedipus, defies Creon", - "5728d5793acd2414000dffb7": "Oedipus, defies Creon", + "5728d5793acd2414000dffb4": "King of Thebes", + "5728d5793acd2414000dffb5": "Oedipus", + "5728d5793acd2414000dffb6": "Sophocles", + "5728d5793acd2414000dffb7": "defies Creon", "5727213c708984140094da35": "Percy Shelley", "5727213c708984140094da36": "nonviolent", - "5727213c708984140094da38": "nonviolence", - "5727213c708984140094da39": "a free India", + "5727213c708984140094da38": "Satyagraha. Gandhi's Satyagraha", + "5727213c708984140094da39": "Anarchy", "5727213c708984140094da37": "Henry David Thoreau", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f18": "Percy Shelley", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f19": "free India", - "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1a": "nonviolent protest", - "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1c": "Civil Disobedience", + "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1a": "the unjust forms of authority of his time", + "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1c": "Satyagraha", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1b": "Henry David Thoreau", - "572726c9708984140094da7b": "muggers, arsonists, draft evaders, campaign hecklers, campus militants, anti-war demonstrators, juvenile delinquents and political assassins", + "572726c9708984140094da7b": "muggers", "572726c9708984140094da7e": "Marshall Cohen", "572726c9708984140094da7c": "ambiguity", - "572726c9708984140094da7d": "ambiguity and in modern times, become utterly debased", - "5728d6f02ca10214002da90e": "ambiguity and in modern times, become utterly debased", + "572726c9708984140094da7d": "debased", + "5728d6f02ca10214002da90e": "always suffered from ambiguity and in modern times, become utterly debased", "5728d6f02ca10214002da90f": "Marshall Cohen", - "5728d6f02ca10214002da910": "ambiguity", + "5728d6f02ca10214002da910": "always suffered from ambiguity and in modern times, become utterly debased", "5728d6f02ca10214002da911": "Marshall Cohen", - "5728d6f02ca10214002da912": "ambiguity", + "5728d6f02ca10214002da912": "always suffered from ambiguity", "572807802ca10214002d9bf8": "LeGrande", "572807802ca10214002d9bf9": "LeGrande writes that \"the formulation of a single all-encompassing definition of the term is extremely difficult, if not impossible", - "572807802ca10214002d9bfa": "grammatical niceties", - "572807802ca10214002d9bfb": "semantical problems", - "572807802ca10214002d9bfc": "semantical problems and grammatical niceties", + "572807802ca10214002d9bfa": "single all-encompassing", + "572807802ca10214002d9bfb": "violent civil disobedience", + "572807802ca10214002d9bfc": "no more (or no less)", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4c": "LeGrande", - "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4d": "nonviolent civil disobedience", - "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4e": "violent civil disobedience", - "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4f": "nonviolent civil disobedience", - "5728d7c54b864d1900164f50": "nonviolent civil disobedience", - "57280f974b864d1900164370": "a decision of that country's highest court, it would not be civil disobedience", - "57280f974b864d1900164371": "a constitutional impasse in which two public agencies", + "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4d": "the voluminous", + "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4e": "nonviolent", + "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4f": "nonviolent", + "5728d7c54b864d1900164f50": "nonviolent", + "57280f974b864d1900164370": "Civil disobedience", + "57280f974b864d1900164371": "equally sovereign branches of government", "57280f974b864d1900164372": "as pertaining to a citizen's relation to the state and its laws", - "57280f974b864d1900164373": "since the head of government would be acting in her or his capacity as public official rather than private citizen", - "57280f974b864d1900164374": "a constitutional impasse in which two public agencies", - "5728d9403acd2414000e001b": "a citizen's relation to the state and its laws", - "5728d9403acd2414000e001c": "it would not be civil disobedience", + "57280f974b864d1900164373": "if the head of government of a country were to refuse to enforce a decision of that country's highest court", + "57280f974b864d1900164374": "Civil disobedience", + "5728d9403acd2414000e001b": "the state and its laws", + "5728d9403acd2414000e001c": "public official", "5728d9403acd2414000e001d": "private citizen", - "5728d9403acd2414000e001e": "the head of government", + "5728d9403acd2414000e001e": "private citizen", "5728d9403acd2414000e001f": "the head of government of a country", "572812e74b864d19001643ce": "Thoreau", - "572812e74b864d19001643cf": "a postman or tax collector", - "572812e74b864d19001643d0": "obedience of individuals who disagree with what is being said. The majority may be powerful but it is not necessarily right", + "572812e74b864d19001643cf": "imprisonment", + "572812e74b864d19001643d0": "powerful but it is not necessarily right", "572812e74b864d19001643d1": "Resign", - "572812e74b864d19001643d2": "a postman or tax collector", + "572812e74b864d19001643d2": "individuals can act unjustly. When the government knocks on the door, it is an individual in the form of a postman or tax collector", "5728dafe3acd2414000e005d": "The individual", - "5728dafe3acd2414000e005e": "the government knocks on the door, it is an individual in the form of a postman or tax collector", - "5728dafe3acd2414000e005f": "Thoreau\u2019s imprisonment, when a confused taxman", + "5728dafe3acd2414000e005e": "individuals", + "5728dafe3acd2414000e005f": "a confused taxman", "5728dafe3acd2414000e0060": "Resign", - "5728dafe3acd2414000e0061": "obedience of individuals who disagree with what is being said", - "5728151b4b864d1900164428": "Brownlee", + "5728dafe3acd2414000e0061": "it is not necessarily right", + "5728151b4b864d1900164428": "against governmental entities", "5728151b4b864d1900164429": "trade unions, banks, and private universities", - "5728151b4b864d190016442a": "non-governmental agencies such as trade unions, banks, and private universities can be justified if it reflects \"a larger challenge to the legal system", - "5728151b4b864d190016442b": "she argues, applies to breaches of law in protest against international organizations and foreign governments", + "5728151b4b864d190016442a": "international organizations and foreign", + "5728151b4b864d190016442b": "only justified against governmental entities", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0080": "Brownlee", - "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0081": "a larger challenge to the legal system", + "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0081": "to breaches of law", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e007f": "justified against governmental entities", - "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0083": "Brownlee", - "572818f54b864d190016446c": "civil disobedience. But Stephen Eilmann argues that if it is necessary to disobey rules that conflict with morality", - "572818f54b864d190016446d": "to disobey rules that conflict with morality", - "572818f54b864d190016446e": "civil disobedience", - "572818f54b864d190016446f": "Exodus 1", + "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0083": "trade unions, banks, and private universities", + "572818f54b864d190016446c": "lawbreaking", + "572818f54b864d190016446d": "lawbreaking", + "572818f54b864d190016446e": "public civil disobedience", + "572818f54b864d190016446f": "Book of Exodus", "572818f54b864d1900164470": "Shiphrah and Puah", - "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d2": "to constitute civil disobedience. But Stephen Eilmann argues that if it is necessary to disobey rules that conflict with morality", - "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d3": "conflict with morality", - "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d4": "lawbreaking, if it is not done publicly, at least must be publicly announced in order to constitute civil disobedience", - "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d5": "conflict with morality, we might ask why disobedience should take the form of public civil disobedience rather than simply covert lawbreaking", - "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d6": "Stephen Eilmann", + "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d2": "announced", + "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d3": "rules that conflict with morality", + "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d4": "lawbreaking", + "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d5": "lawbreaking", + "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d6": "Book of Exodus", "57281c594b864d19001644a2": "non-violent", - "57281c594b864d19001644a3": "Black's Law Dictionary", + "57281c594b864d19001644a3": "Black's Law", "57281c594b864d19001644a4": "civil disobedience and civil rebellion are justified by appeal to constitutional defects, rebellion", - "57281c594b864d19001644a5": "non-violent", + "57281c594b864d19001644a5": "tolerance", "57281c594b864d19001644a6": "non-violent", "5728df634b864d1900164fe2": "non-violent", - "5728df634b864d1900164fe3": "Civil disobedients' refraining from violence is also said to help preserve society's tolerance of civil disobedience", - "5728df634b864d1900164fe4": "appeal to constitutional defects", - "5728df634b864d1900164fe6": "non-violent", + "5728df634b864d1900164fe3": "Civil disobedients", + "5728df634b864d1900164fe4": "constitutional defects, rebellion is much more destructive; therefore, the defects justifying rebellion", + "5728df634b864d1900164fe6": "help preserve society's tolerance", "5728202c4b864d19001644ec": "Revolutionary civil disobedience", - "5728202c4b864d19001644ed": "Howard Zinn, Harvey Wheeler", + "5728202c4b864d19001644ed": "Hungarians", "5728202c4b864d19001644ee": "Ferenc De\u00e1k", - "5728202c4b864d19001644ef": "Howard Zinn", - "5728202c4b864d19001644f0": "religious beliefs", + "5728202c4b864d19001644ef": "Gandhi's acts have been described as revolutionary civil disobedience. It has been claimed that the Hungarians under Ferenc De\u00e1k", + "5728202c4b864d19001644f0": "change cultural traditions, social customs, religious beliefs,", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00e9": "Non-revolutionary civil disobedience", - "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ea": "to cause their repeal", - "5728e07e3acd2414000e00eb": "render certain laws ineffective", - "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ec": "Revolutionary civil disobedience", - "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ed": "Thoreau also wrote of civil disobedience accomplishing \"peaceable revolution", + "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ea": "they are judged \"wrong\"", + "5728e07e3acd2414000e00eb": "to render certain laws ineffective", + "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ec": "Non-revolutionary", + "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ed": "Gandhi's acts", "572822233acd2414000df555": "during the Roman Empire", "572822233acd2414000df556": "installation of pagan images", - "572822233acd2414000df557": "rose to higher political office, and Thoreau's essay was not published until after the end of the Mexican War", + "572822233acd2414000df557": "his arrest was not covered in any newspapers in the days, weeks and months after it happened", "572822233acd2414000df558": "higher political office", "572822233acd2414000df559": "after the end of the Mexican War", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0131": "during the Roman Empire", - "5728e3c33acd2414000e0132": "jail solidarity", + "5728e3c33acd2414000e0132": "sign bail", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0133": "jail solidarity", - "5728e3c33acd2414000e0134": "jail solidarity", + "5728e3c33acd2414000e0134": "solitary civil disobedience", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0135": "weeks and months", "572825a92ca10214002d9efe": "illegal acts", - "572825a92ca10214002d9eff": "propaganda purpose", - "572825a92ca10214002d9f00": "Bedau writes, \"There is a whole class of acts, undertaken in the name of civil disobedience", + "572825a92ca10214002d9eff": "propaganda", + "572825a92ca10214002d9f00": "the proprietors of illegal medical cannabis dispensaries and Voice", "572825a92ca10214002d9f01": "180-foot", - "572825a92ca10214002d9f02": "Julia Butterfly Hill lived in Luna, a 180-foot (55 m)-tall, 600-year-old California Redwood tree for 738 days", - "5728e5224b864d1900165032": "a harassment", - "5728e5224b864d1900165033": "Bedau writes, \"There is a whole class of acts, undertaken in the name of civil disobedience", - "5728e5224b864d1900165034": "a harassment", - "5728e5224b864d1900165035": "a harassment", - "5728e5224b864d1900165036": "Julia Butterfly Hill lived in Luna, a 180-foot", - "5728284e3acd2414000df5cd": "allegedly sending an email to the Lebanon, New Hampshire city councilors stating, \"Wise up or die", + "572825a92ca10214002d9f02": "successfully preventing it from being cut down", + "5728e5224b864d1900165032": "different illegal acts", + "5728e5224b864d1900165033": "proprietors of illegal medical cannabis dispensaries", + "5728e5224b864d1900165034": "hardly more than a nuisance", + "5728e5224b864d1900165035": "medical cannabis", + "5728e5224b864d1900165036": "Julia Butterfly Hill", + "5728284e3acd2414000df5cd": "allegedly sending an email to the Lebanon, New Hampshire city councilors", "5728284e3acd2414000df5ce": "\"Wise up or die", - "5728284e3acd2414000df5cf": "forbidden speech", - "5728284e3acd2414000df5d0": "Filthy Words", + "5728284e3acd2414000df5cf": "forbidden", + "5728284e3acd2414000df5d0": "1978 Supreme Court case of FCC v. Pacifica Foundation", "5728284e3acd2414000df5d1": "1978", - "5728e5f43acd2414000e0171": "civil disobedience can consist simply of engaging in the forbidden speech", - "5728e5f43acd2414000e0172": "forbidden speech", - "5728e5f43acd2414000e0173": "defiance toward the government and unwillingness to stand for its policies", - "5728e5f43acd2414000e0174": "forbidden speech", - "57282dfb4b864d1900164668": "denial-of-service attacks", - "57282dfb4b864d1900164669": "padlocking the gates and using sickles", - "57282dfb4b864d190016466a": "GCSB", + "5728e5f43acd2414000e0171": "civil disobedience", + "5728e5f43acd2414000e0172": "civil disobedience", + "5728e5f43acd2414000e0173": "Threatening", + "5728e5f43acd2414000e0174": "engaging in the forbidden speech", + "57282dfb4b864d1900164668": "difficult", + "57282dfb4b864d1900164669": "padlocking the gates", + "57282dfb4b864d190016466a": "padlocking the gates", "57282dfb4b864d190016466b": "moral dialogue", - "57282dfb4b864d190016466c": "coercive", - "5728e715ff5b5019007da914": "coercive", - "5728e715ff5b5019007da916": "coercive", + "57282dfb4b864d190016466c": "considered coercive", + "5728e715ff5b5019007da914": "civil disobedience", + "5728e715ff5b5019007da916": "distributed denial-of-service attacks", "5728e715ff5b5019007da917": "to engage in moral dialogue", - "5728e715ff5b5019007da918": "moral dialogue", - "5728e8212ca10214002daa6c": "criminal investigations and arrests", - "5728e8212ca10214002daa6d": "decide whether or not to grant a consent search of his property", - "5728e8212ca10214002daa6e": "criminal investigators can serve no useful purpose, and may be harmful", - "5728e8212ca10214002daa6f": "fear of seeming rude", - "5728e8212ca10214002daa70": "no useful purpose, and may be harmful", - "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c5": "legitimacy of a particular law it has enacted", - "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c6": "because of their belief in the validity of the social contract", - "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c7": "the penalties", - "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c8": "civil disobedients feel it is incumbent upon them to accept punishment because of their belief in the validity of the social contract", - "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c9": "their belief in the validity of the social contract", + "5728e715ff5b5019007da918": "padlocking the gates and using sickles to deflate one of the large domes covering two satellite dishes", + "5728e8212ca10214002daa6c": "criminal", + "5728e8212ca10214002daa6d": "seek to use the arrest", + "5728e8212ca10214002daa6e": "criminal investigators", + "5728e8212ca10214002daa6f": "lack of understanding of the legal ramifications, or due to a fear of seeming rude", + "5728e8212ca10214002daa70": "responding to investigators' questions, sometimes due to a lack of understanding of the legal ramifications, or due to a fear of seeming rude", + "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c5": "punishment", + "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c6": "violation of criminal law that does not infringe the rights of others", + "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c7": "existence of government", + "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c8": "anarchists", + "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c9": "violation of criminal law that does not infringe the rights of others", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01d9": "whether or not to plead guilty", - "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01da": "defending oneself in court will increase the possibility of changing the unjust law", - "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01db": "illegally protesting nuclear power", - "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dc": "no contest is sometimes regarded as a compromise between the two. One defendant accused of illegally protesting nuclear power", - "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dd": "nuclear power", - "5728ec6a4b864d19001650aa": "Nevada", - "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ab": "knowing that they faced arrest", - "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ac": "knowing that they faced arrest", + "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01da": "to submit to the punishment prescribed by law", + "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01db": "either choice is compatible with the spirit of civil disobedience", + "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dc": "the beauty that surrounds us", + "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dd": "not guilty", + "5728ec6a4b864d19001650aa": "Camp Mercury nuclear test site near Las Vegas, Nevada", + "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ab": "suspended sentences, conditional on their not reentering", + "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ac": "arrest", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ad": "nolo contendere\", as an alternative to pleading either guilty or not-guilty", - "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ae": "a bus", - "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97c": "a rule connected with civil disobedience", + "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ae": "suspended", + "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97c": "their protest", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97d": "continuing their protest", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97e": "jail", - "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97f": "different than the notion that they must go to jail as part of a rule connected with civil disobedience", - "5728eef92ca10214002daab0": "solidarity tactics", - "5728eef92ca10214002daab1": "solidarity tactics to secure the same plea bargain for everyone", - "5728eef92ca10214002daab2": "solidarity tactics to secure the same plea bargain for everyone", - "5728eef92ca10214002daab3": "solidarity tactics to secure the same plea bargain for everyone. But some activists have opted to enter a blind plea, pleading guilty", + "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97f": "as part of a rule connected with civil disobedience", + "5728eef92ca10214002daab0": "a plea bargain", + "5728eef92ca10214002daab1": "plead guilty to one misdemeanor count and receive no jail time", + "5728eef92ca10214002daab2": "solidarity tactics", + "5728eef92ca10214002daab3": "blind", "5728eef92ca10214002daab4": "Mohandas Gandhi", - "5728f50baf94a219006a9e55": "stop military exercises", - "5728f50baf94a219006a9e56": "in allocution", - "5728f50baf94a219006a9e57": "explaining their actions, in allocution", - "5728f50baf94a219006a9e58": "her actions, and even a likelihood of repeating her illegal actions", + "5728f50baf94a219006a9e55": "make a defiant speech", + "5728f50baf94a219006a9e56": "mistreatment", + "5728f50baf94a219006a9e57": "mistreatment", + "5728f50baf94a219006a9e58": "mistreatment", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e59": "allocution", - "5728facd4b864d1900165170": "to win an acquittal and avoid imprisonment or a fine", - "5728facd4b864d1900165171": "imprisonment or a fine", - "5728facd4b864d1900165172": "breaking the law via civil disobedience", - "5728facd4b864d1900165173": "Vietnam War era", - "5728facd4b864d1900165174": "judge need not inform jurors of their nullification prerogative, and United States v. Dougherty", - "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef5": "denying having committed the crime", - "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef6": "encouraging general disobedience which is neither conscientious nor of social benefit", - "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef7": "encouraging general disobedience which is neither conscientious nor of social benefit", - "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef8": "denying having committed the crime, or by fleeing the jurisdiction, is generally viewed as not being a civil disobedient", - "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef9": "encouraging general disobedience", + "5728facd4b864d1900165170": "win an acquittal", + "5728facd4b864d1900165171": "win an acquittal and avoid imprisonment or a fine", + "5728facd4b864d1900165172": "seek jury nullification", + "5728facd4b864d1900165173": "Vietnam War", + "5728facd4b864d1900165174": "Sparf v. United States", + "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef5": "a protestor who attempts to escape punishment", + "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef6": "denying having committed the crime, or by fleeing the jurisdiction", + "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef7": "breaking the law for self-gratification", + "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef8": "by denying having committed the crime, or by fleeing the jurisdiction, is generally viewed as not being a civil disobedient", + "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef9": "denying having committed the crime, or by fleeing the jurisdiction", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f11": "Indirect civil disobedience", - "5728fc9e1d04691400778f12": "civil disobedience involves violating a law which is not, itself, the object of protest", + "5728fc9e1d04691400778f12": "civil disobedience", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f13": "Vietnam War", - "5728fc9e1d04691400778f14": "shadow", - "5728fc9e1d04691400778f15": "admonitions not to; according to FIJA", - "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2b": "incapacitation", - "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2d": "whether it would do more harm than good", + "5728fc9e1d04691400778f14": "shadow defense", + "5728fc9e1d04691400778f15": "if they arrest fully informed jury leafleters", + "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2b": "incapacitation and deterrence", + "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2d": "whether it would do more harm", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2e": "Leonard Hubert Hoffmann", - "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2f": "criminal punishment", + "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2f": "moral dialogue with the offender as a rational person because it focuses attention on the threat of punishment", "57273a465951b619008f86ff": "Construction", - "57273a465951b619008f8700": "Construction differs from manufacturing in that manufacturing", + "57273a465951b619008f8700": "Construction", "57273a465951b619008f8701": "six to nine percent", - "57273a465951b619008f8702": "six to nine percent", + "57273a465951b619008f8702": "design, and financing and continues", "57273a465951b619008f8703": "a known client", - "57273cca708984140094db33": "An architect normally manages the job, and a construction manager, design engineer, construction engineer or project manager", - "57273cca708984140094db34": "architect normally manages the job, and a construction manager, design engineer, construction engineer or project manager", - "57273cca708984140094db35": "planning", + "57273cca708984140094db33": "An architect", + "57273cca708984140094db34": "An architect normally manages the job, and a construction manager, design engineer, construction engineer or project manager", + "57273cca708984140094db35": "effective planning", "57273cca708984140094db36": "megaprojects", - "57273cca708984140094db37": "the design and execution of the infrastructure in question must consider zoning requirements", + "57273cca708984140094db37": "the environmental impact of the job", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f4fe": "buildings, infrastructure and industrial", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f4ff": "residential and non-residential (commercial/institutional)", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f500": "heavy/highway, heavy civil or heavy engineering", - "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f501": "heavy/highway, heavy civil or heavy engineering", - "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f502": "Industrial includes refineries, process chemical, power generation, mills and manufacturing plants", - "57273e50dd62a815002e9a02": "ENR", + "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f501": "Infrastructure", + "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f502": "Industrial", + "57273e50dd62a815002e9a02": "a trade magazine for the construction industry. Each year, ENR compiles and reports on data about the size of design and construction companies", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a03": "Engineering News-Record (ENR) is a trade magazine for the construction industry. Each year, ENR", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a04": "2014", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a05": "transportation, sewer, hazardous waste and water", - "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0a": "heavy and civil engineering construction, and specialty trade contractors", + "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0a": "building construction, heavy and civil engineering construction, and specialty trade contractors", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0b": "construction service firms", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0c": "The Standard Industrial Classification", - "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0d": "e.g., engineering, architecture", + "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0d": "firms engaged in managing construction projects", "57274046dd62a815002e9a12": "Building construction", "57274046dd62a815002e9a13": "small renovations", "57274046dd62a815002e9a14": "the owner", "57274046dd62a815002e9a15": "structural collapse, cost overruns, and/or litigation", - "57274046dd62a815002e9a16": "careful oversight during the project", - "572742bd5951b619008f8785": "local building authority regulations and codes of practice", - "572742bd5951b619008f8786": "e.g. brick versus stone", + "57274046dd62a815002e9a16": "make detailed plans", + "572742bd5951b619008f8785": "local building authority regulations", + "572742bd5951b619008f8786": "Materials readily available", "572742bd5951b619008f8787": "a lot of waste", - "572742bd5951b619008f8788": "economies of scale (custom designed homes are often more expensive to build) and the availability of skilled tradespeople", + "572742bd5951b619008f8788": "waste", "572744aff1498d1400e8f588": "3D printing technology", "572744aff1498d1400e8f589": "20 hours", "572744aff1498d1400e8f58a": "2014", - "572744aff1498d1400e8f58b": "2 metres", + "572744aff1498d1400e8f58b": "2 metres (6 ft 7 in)", "572745c6708984140094db9a": "plan the physical proceedings", "572745c6708984140094db99": "designs into reality", - "572745c6708984140094db9b": "i.e. in contract with) the property owner", - "572745c6708984140094db9c": "a quantity surveyor", + "572745c6708984140094db9b": "the property owner", + "572745c6708984140094db9c": "quantity surveyor", "572745c6708984140094db9d": "the most cost efficient bidder", - "57274e0d708984140094dbe5": "integration of previously separated specialties", + "57274e0d708984140094dbe5": "previously separated specialties", "57274e0d708984140094dbe6": "separate companies", "57274e0d708984140094dbe7": "one-stop shopping", "57274e0d708984140094dbe8": "design build", "57274e975951b619008f87f9": "design-build, partnering and construction management", - "57274e975951b619008f87fa": "the services of architects, interior designers, engineers and constructors", - "57274e975951b619008f87fb": "establishing relationships with other necessary participants through the design-build process", - "57274f67708984140094dbf5": "financial problems", - "57274f67708984140094dbf6": "Fraud", - "57274f67708984140094dbf7": "when the present amount of funding cannot cover the current costs for labour and materials, and because they are a matter of having sufficient funds at a specific time", + "57274e975951b619008f87fa": "architects, interior designers, engineers and constructors", + "57274e975951b619008f87fb": "establishing relationships", + "57274f67708984140094dbf5": "preventable financial problems", + "57274f67708984140094dbf6": "too little money to complete the project", + "57274f67708984140094dbf7": "when the present amount of funding cannot cover the current costs for labour and materials", "57274f67708984140094dbf8": "Fraud", "5727502f708984140094dc07": "Mortgage bankers, accountants, and cost engineers", - "5727502f708984140094dc08": "the mortgage banker", + "5727502f708984140094dc08": "mortgage banker", "5727502f708984140094dc09": "Accountants act", - "5727502f708984140094dc0b": "change orders or project changes that increased costs, which are not subject to competition from other firms as they have already been eliminated from consideration after the initial bid", - "5727502f708984140094dc0a": "estimators", + "5727502f708984140094dc0b": "identified change orders or project changes that increased costs", + "5727502f708984140094dc0a": "Cost engineers and estimators", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af0": "zoning and building code requirements", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af1": "the owner", - "572750e8dd62a815002e9af2": "desire to prevent things that are indisputably bad \u2013 bridge collapses or explosions", - "572750e8dd62a815002e9af3": "a matter of custom or expectation", + "572750e8dd62a815002e9af2": "legal requirements", + "572750e8dd62a815002e9af3": "custom or expectation", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af4": "An attorney", - "572751b4708984140094dc1b": "A construction project", - "572751b4708984140094dc1c": "A contract is the exchange of a set of obligations between two or more parties", - "572751b4708984140094dc1d": "a delay costs money", - "572751b4708984140094dc1e": "delay can be extremely expensive", + "572751b4708984140094dc1b": "construction project", + "572751b4708984140094dc1c": "construction project", + "572751b4708984140094dc1d": "that a delay costs money, and in cases of bottlenecks", + "572751b4708984140094dc1e": "that each side is capable of performing the obligations set out", "572751b4708984140094dc1f": "poorly drafted contracts", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b0e": "relationship contracting where the emphasis is on a co-operative relationship between the principal and contractor and other stakeholders within a construction project", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b0f": "Public-Private Partnering (PPPs) aka private finance initiatives", @@ -6984,231 +6984,231 @@ "5727526cdd62a815002e9b11": "co-operation", "572753335951b619008f8853": "the architect or engineer", "572753335951b619008f8854": "the architect or engineer acts as the project coordinator", - "572753335951b619008f8855": "architect's client and the main contractor", + "572753335951b619008f8855": "the architect's client and the main contractor", "572753335951b619008f8856": "the main contractor", - "572753335951b619008f8857": "building is ready to occupy", + "572753335951b619008f8857": "the building is ready to occupy", "57275411dd62a815002e9b30": "The owner", "57275411dd62a815002e9b31": "D&B contractors", "57275411dd62a815002e9b32": "The owner", "57275411dd62a815002e9b33": "a consortium of several contractors", - "57275411dd62a815002e9b34": "they design phase 2. This is in contrast to a design-bid-build contract", + "57275411dd62a815002e9b34": "design phase 2", "572754fff1498d1400e8f660": "contractors", - "572754fff1498d1400e8f661": "damage to the existing electrical, water, sewage, phone, and cable facilities, which could cause outages and potentially hazardous situations", + "572754fff1498d1400e8f661": "damage", "572754fff1498d1400e8f662": "electrical, water, sewage, phone, and cable facilities", "572754fff1498d1400e8f663": "the municipal building inspector", - "572754fff1498d1400e8f664": "the municipal building inspector inspects the building periodically to ensure that the construction adheres to the approved plans and the local building code", + "572754fff1498d1400e8f664": "an occupancy permit may be issued", "572755b7708984140094dc4d": "$960 billion", "572755b7708984140094dc4e": "$680 billion", "572755b7708984140094dc4f": "667,000", - "572755b7708984140094dc50": "10 employees", + "572755b7708984140094dc50": "fewer than 10 employees", "572755b7708984140094dc51": "828,000", - "5727565ef1498d1400e8f674": "higher average salaries", - "5727565ef1498d1400e8f675": "\u00a340,000", + "5727565ef1498d1400e8f674": "\u00a343,389 per annum", + "5727565ef1498d1400e8f675": "\u00a326,719", "5727565ef1498d1400e8f676": "US/Canada", "572756fe708984140094dc71": "Construction", - "572756fe708984140094dc72": "fatal and non-fatal injuries", - "572756fe708984140094dc73": "electrocution, transportation accidents", - "572756fe708984140094dc74": "securing ladders and inspecting scaffolding can curtail the risk of occupational injuries in the construction industry. Other major causes of fatalities", + "572756fe708984140094dc72": "Falls", + "572756fe708984140094dc73": "electrocution, transportation accidents, and trench cave-ins", + "572756fe708984140094dc74": "scaffolding", "572746addd62a815002e9a5e": "independent schools", - "572746addd62a815002e9a5f": "academic scholarship), financial need, or tax credit scholarships", + "572746addd62a815002e9a5f": "art scholarship, academic scholarship", "572746addd62a815002e9a60": "mandatory taxation through public (government) funding", - "572746addd62a815002e9a61": "non-governmental, or nonstate schools, are not administered by local, state or national governments", + "572746addd62a815002e9a61": "to select their students", "57274712708984140094dbad": "$45,000", - "57274712708984140094dbae": "K-12 schools range from nothing at so called 'tuition-free' schools to more than $45,000 at several New England preparatory schools", + "57274712708984140094dbae": "tuition-free", "57274712708984140094dbaf": "Australia", "57274712708984140094dbb0": "North America", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59a": "lower sixth", - "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59b": "lower sixth) and year 13 (upper sixth", - "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59c": "upper sixth", - "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59d": "peer tuitions and the school's financial endowment", + "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59b": "upper sixth", + "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59c": "prep schools", + "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59d": "peer tuitions", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59e": "best teachers", - "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a4": "Roman Catholic", - "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a5": "Orthodox Christians", - "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a6": "religious education", - "5727490bdd62a815002e9a82": "stricter and more formal than in government schools - for example, a compulsory blazer", - "5727490bdd62a815002e9a83": "a compulsory blazer", + "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a4": "Roman Catholic schools", + "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a5": "Orthodox", + "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a6": "academic subjects", + "5727490bdd62a815002e9a82": "more expensive", + "5727490bdd62a815002e9a83": "stricter", "5727490bdd62a815002e9a84": "more expensive", - "57274971708984140094dbbb": "Presbyterian Church", - "57274971708984140094dbbc": "Hunters Hill", - "57274971708984140094dbbd": "Hunters Hill", + "57274971708984140094dbbb": "elite schools", + "57274971708984140094dbbc": "Catholic", + "57274971708984140094dbbd": "Sydney", "57274971708984140094dbbe": "girls", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9a": "Article 7, Paragraph 4", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9b": "a second Gleichschaltung or similar event in the future", - "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9c": "6.1% to 7.8% (including rise from 0.5% to 6.1%", + "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9c": "11.1%", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9d": "11.1%", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9e": "11.1%", "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5bc": "Sonderungsverbot", - "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5bd": "religious groups", - "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5be": "low tuition fees", - "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d4": "Erg\u00e4nzungsschulen are secondary or post-secondary (non-tertiary) schools", + "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5bd": "Ersatzschulen", + "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5be": "low", + "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d4": "Erg\u00e4nzungsschulen", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d5": "vocational schools", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d6": "by charging their students tuition fees", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d7": "religious groups", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e4": "independent schools", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e5": "CBSE", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e6": "30", - "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e7": "union government", - "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa4": "societies can run schools", + "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e7": "the union government", + "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa4": "schools", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa5": "India", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa6": "Education Report", - "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa7": "get Recognition", + "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa7": "evaluates learning levels in rural India", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa8": "English", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9aae": "scoil phr\u00edobh\u00e1ideach", - "57274d1cdd62a815002e9aaf": "teacher's salaries are paid by the State", + "57274d1cdd62a815002e9aaf": "double as boarding schools", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab0": "\u20ac5,000", - "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab1": "i.e., the Society of Jesus or Congregation of Christian Brothers", + "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab1": "the Society of Jesus", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab2": "\u20ac25,000 per year", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f6": "1957", - "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f7": "English", - "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f8": "English", - "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f9": "National Type\" schools", - "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5fa": "Over 60", + "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f7": "Chinese", + "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f8": "Chinese", + "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f9": "National School system", + "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5fa": "60", "57274e145951b619008f87e7": "aided' schools", - "57274e145951b619008f87e8": "private parties", + "57274e145951b619008f87e8": "fully funded by private parties", "57274e145951b619008f87e9": "Kathmandu", "57274e145951b619008f87ea": "English", - "57274e145951b619008f87eb": "Preschool education", - "57274eca5951b619008f87ff": "88 private schools in New Zealand, catering for around 28,000", - "57274eca5951b619008f8800": "28,000", - "57274eca5951b619008f8801": "28,000 students or 3.7%", + "57274e145951b619008f87eb": "Nepali", + "57274eca5951b619008f87ff": "88", + "57274eca5951b619008f8800": "88 private schools in New Zealand, catering for around 28,000", + "57274eca5951b619008f8801": "3.7%", "57274eca5951b619008f8802": "Catholic", "57274eca5951b619008f8803": "Auckland", - "57274f49f1498d1400e8f61e": "King's College and Diocesan School for Girls in Auckland", - "57274f49f1498d1400e8f61f": "Cambridge", + "57274f49f1498d1400e8f61e": "Anglican", + "57274f49f1498d1400e8f61f": "Wellington", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f620": "Presbyterian", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f621": "Christchurch", - "57274f49f1498d1400e8f622": "the Catholic schismatic group", - "5727500f708984140094dbfd": "80%", - "5727500f708984140094dbfe": "80%", + "57274f49f1498d1400e8f622": "the Society of St Pius X", + "5727500f708984140094dbfd": "7.5", + "5727500f708984140094dbfe": "32%", "5727500f708984140094dbff": "80%", "5727500f708984140094dc00": "August 1992", - "5727500f708984140094dc01": "mathematics and natural science", - "572750df5951b619008f882f": "Education Service", + "5727500f708984140094dc01": "natural science", + "572750df5951b619008f882f": "Education Service Contracting", "572750df5951b619008f8830": "Tuition Fee Supplement", - "572750df5951b619008f8831": "The Private Education Student Financial Assistance", + "572750df5951b619008f8831": "Private Education Student Financial Assistance", "5727515f708984140094dc11": "The South African Schools Act of 1996", "5727515f708984140094dc12": "1996", - "5727515f708984140094dc13": "\"public\" (state-controlled) and \"independent\"", - "5727515f708984140094dc14": "traditional private schools and schools", + "5727515f708984140094dc13": "independent", + "5727515f708984140094dc14": "traditional private schools", "5727515f708984140094dc15": "early nineteenth century", - "57275409708984140094dc35": "Model C, and many of these schools changed their admissions policies to accept children of other races", - "57275409708984140094dc36": "\"Model C\" schools are not private schools, as they are state-controlled", + "57275409708984140094dc35": "private schools", + "57275409708984140094dc36": "higher school fees", "57275409708984140094dc37": "higher school fees", - "572754dd708984140094dc3b": "Over 10%", + "572754dd708984140094dc3b": "10%", "572754dd708984140094dc3c": "700 employees and teaches nearly 10,000", "572754dd708984140094dc3d": "700 employees and teaches nearly 10,000", "572754dd708984140094dc3e": "The Knowledge School", - "572754dd708984140094dc3f": "voucher", + "572754dd708984140094dc3f": "innovative school voucher model", "572756265951b619008f886d": "13 years old", "572756265951b619008f886e": "public schools", "572756265951b619008f886f": "13", "572756265951b619008f8870": "13", - "572756265951b619008f8871": "\u00a33,000", + "572756265951b619008f8871": "\u00a327,000+ per year", "572757bef1498d1400e8f690": "Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka", - "572757bef1498d1400e8f691": "all deliberate speed", - "572757bef1498d1400e8f692": "the U.S. South", - "572757bef1498d1400e8f693": "a wave of private \"Christian academies\"", + "572757bef1498d1400e8f691": "with all deliberate speed\", local families organized a wave of private \"Christian academies", + "572757bef1498d1400e8f692": "U.S. South", + "572757bef1498d1400e8f693": "African-American", "572757bef1498d1400e8f694": "African-American", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6ae": "religious organizations or private individuals", - "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6af": "First Amendment or individual state Blaine Amendments", - "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b0": "the First Amendment or individual state Blaine Amendments", - "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b1": "Government funding for religious schools is either subject to restrictions or possibly forbidden", + "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6af": "First Amendment or individual state Blaine", + "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b0": "First Amendment or individual state Blaine", + "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b1": "charter status", "572759665951b619008f8883": "Massachusetts", "572759665951b619008f8884": "1852", - "572759665951b619008f8885": "1976", + "572759665951b619008f8885": "1972", "572759665951b619008f8886": "268 U.S. 510", "572759665951b619008f8887": "lawmakers and parents", - "572759dbdd62a815002e9b94": "nearly $50,000", - "572759dbdd62a815002e9b95": "$50,000 for boarding schools. However, tuition did not cover operating expenses", - "572759dbdd62a815002e9b96": "the Groton", - "572759dbdd62a815002e9b97": "$50,000 for boarding schools. However, tuition did not cover operating expenses", + "572759dbdd62a815002e9b94": "$40,000", + "572759dbdd62a815002e9b95": "$50,000", + "572759dbdd62a815002e9b96": "Groton School", + "572759dbdd62a815002e9b97": "fundraising drives", "5727aa413acd2414000de921": "John Harvard", - "5727aa413acd2414000de922": "1977", - "5727aa413acd2414000de923": "John Harvard", + "5727aa413acd2414000de922": "after its 1977 merger with Radcliffe College", + "5727aa413acd2414000de923": "James Bryant Conant", "5727aa413acd2414000de924": "Association of American Universities", - "5727aa413acd2414000de925": "James Bryant Conant", + "5727aa413acd2414000de925": "Charles W. Eliot", "5727aeac3acd2414000de987": "Harvard Library", - "5727aeac3acd2414000de988": "79 individual libraries with over 18 million", - "5727aeac3acd2414000de989": "79 individual libraries with over 18 million", + "5727aeac3acd2414000de988": "79", + "5727aeac3acd2414000de989": "over 18 million", "5727aeac3acd2414000de98a": "eight", "5727aeac3acd2414000de98b": "150", - "5727aec03acd2414000de991": "Harvard Yard in Cambridge, approximately 3 miles (5 km) northwest of Boston; the business school and athletics facilities, including Harvard Stadium", + "5727aec03acd2414000de991": "Harvard Yard in Cambridge", "5727aec03acd2414000de992": "$37.6 billion", "5727aec03acd2414000de993": "Charles River", "5727aec03acd2414000de994": "eleven", "5727aec03acd2414000de995": "Harvard Yard", - "5727afa82ca10214002d93c2": "1636", - "5727afa82ca10214002d93c3": "Harvard Corporation", + "5727afa82ca10214002d93c2": "1638", + "5727afa82ca10214002d93c3": "Massachusetts Bay Colony", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c4": "1638", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c5": "1639", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c6": "1650", - "5727b0892ca10214002d93e8": "Puritan ministers", - "5727b0892ca10214002d93e9": "English university model\u2014\u200b\u200bmany leaders in the colony had attended the University of Cambridge\u2014\u200b\u200bbut conformed Puritanism", - "5727b0892ca10214002d93ea": "English university model\u2014\u200b\u200bmany leaders in the colony had attended the University of Cambridge\u2014\u200b\u200bbut conformed Puritanism", + "5727b0892ca10214002d93e8": "Puritan", + "5727b0892ca10214002d93e9": "the English university model", + "5727b0892ca10214002d93ea": "never affiliated", "5727b8df3acd2414000dea99": "1804", - "5727b8df3acd2414000dea9a": "Harvard", + "5727b8df3acd2414000dea9a": "Samuel Webber", "5727b8df3acd2414000dea9b": "1805", "5727c0402ca10214002d9564": "Louis Agassiz", - "5727c0402ca10214002d9565": "intuition", + "5727c0402ca10214002d9565": "intuition and the assumption that a person can grasp the \"divine plan\"", "5727c0402ca10214002d9566": "Thomas Reid and Dugald Stewart", "5727c3b02ca10214002d95ba": "Charles W. Eliot", - "5727c3b02ca10214002d95bb": "a desire to secularize education", + "5727c3b02ca10214002d95bb": "Transcendentalist Unitarian", "5727c3b02ca10214002d95bc": "William Ellery Channing and Ralph Waldo Emerson", "5727c55bff5b5019007d94ce": "James Bryant Conant", - "5727c55bff5b5019007d94cf": "higher education", + "5727c55bff5b5019007d94cf": "saw higher education", "5727c55bff5b5019007d94d0": "1945", "5727c69d3acd2414000dec13": "four", "5727c69d3acd2414000dec14": "1977", "5727c69d3acd2414000dec15": "higher education", - "5727c8863acd2414000dec49": "3 miles", - "5727c8863acd2414000dec4a": "twelve residential Houses, nine", - "5727c8863acd2414000dec4b": "Charles River", + "5727c8863acd2414000dec49": "3 miles (5 km) west-northwest", + "5727c8863acd2414000dec4a": "twelve", + "5727c8863acd2414000dec4b": "south of Harvard Yard along or near the Charles River", "5727c8863acd2414000dec4c": "half a mile northwest", - "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9576": "358-acre", - "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9577": "John W. Weeks Bridge", - "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9578": "a 21-acre", + "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9576": "358-acre (145 ha) campus opposite the Cambridge campus in Allston", + "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9577": "The John W. Weeks Bridge", + "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9578": "a 21-acre (8.5 ha) campus", "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d72": "fifty percent", "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d73": "new and enlarged bridges, a shuttle service and/or a tram", "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d74": "enhanced transit infrastructure", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f0": "2,400", - "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f1": "14,000", + "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f1": "7,200", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f2": "14,000", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f3": "1858", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f4": "1858", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c4": "$32 billion", - "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c5": "30% loss in 2008-09. In December 2008, Harvard announced that its endowment had lost 22%", + "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c5": "30%", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c6": "$1.2 billion", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c7": "$4.093 million", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c8": "$4.093 million", - "5727d0f73acd2414000ded13": "late 1980s", - "5727d0f73acd2414000ded14": "Kent-Brown", + "5727d0f73acd2414000ded13": "in the late 1980s", + "5727d0f73acd2414000ded14": "Duke Kent-Brown", "5727d0f73acd2414000ded15": "$230 million", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded3f": "5.3%", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded40": "2007", - "5727d1c93acd2414000ded41": "low-income", - "5727d1c93acd2414000ded42": "2007 as the program was believed to disadvantage low-income and under-represented minority applicants applying to selective universities, yet for the class of 2016", + "5727d1c93acd2414000ded41": "believed to disadvantage low-income and under-represented minority applicants applying to selective universities", + "5727d1c93acd2414000ded42": "2016", "5727d3843acd2414000ded69": "seven", - "5727d3843acd2414000ded6a": "seven", - "5727d3843acd2414000ded6b": "adversely affect the quality of education", - "5727d4922ca10214002d977c": "60%", - "5727d4922ca10214002d977d": "four", - "5727d4922ca10214002d977e": "magna cum laude", + "5727d3843acd2414000ded6a": "eight", + "5727d3843acd2414000ded6b": "reliance on teaching fellows", + "5727d4922ca10214002d977c": "September and ending in mid-May", + "5727d4922ca10214002d977d": "four half-courses", + "5727d4922ca10214002d977e": "awarded degrees summa cum laude", "5727d4922ca10214002d977f": "60%", "5727d6154b864d1900163e34": "$38,000", "5727d6154b864d1900163e35": "$57,000", - "5727d6154b864d1900163e36": "$60,000", + "5727d6154b864d1900163e36": "a few thousand dollars per year, and families earning between $120,000 and $180,000 pay no more than 10%", "5727d6154b864d1900163e37": "$414 million", - "5727d6154b864d1900163e38": "4%", + "5727d6154b864d1900163e38": "88%", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969a": "Widener Library", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969c": "Cabot Science Library, Lamont Library, and Widener Library", - "5727d6faff5b5019007d969d": "East-Asian language material outside of East Asia", - "5727d6faff5b5019007d969b": "80 individual libraries holding over 18 million", + "5727d6faff5b5019007d969d": "Pusey Library and open to the public", + "5727d6faff5b5019007d969b": "18 million volumes", "5727d88b4b864d1900163e5e": "three", - "5727d88b4b864d1900163e5f": "central and northern European art", - "5727d88b4b864d1900163e60": "The Arthur M. Sackler Museum includes collections of ancient, Asian, Islamic and later Indian art, the Busch-Reisinger Museum", - "5727d9c43acd2414000dee17": "2014", + "5727d88b4b864d1900163e5f": "Western art from the Middle Ages", + "5727d88b4b864d1900163e60": "The Arthur M. Sackler Museum", + "5727d9c43acd2414000dee17": "2003", "5727d9c43acd2414000dee18": "2011", - "5727d9c43acd2414000dee19": "8th", + "5727d9c43acd2414000dee19": "second", "5727da564b864d1900163e8e": "42", "5727da564b864d1900163e8f": "Yale University", "5727da564b864d1900163e90": "two years", @@ -7219,757 +7219,757 @@ "5727dc473acd2414000dee43": "Lavietes Pavilion", "5727dc473acd2414000dee44": "The Malkin Athletic Center", "5727dc473acd2414000dee45": "three", - "5727dd2e4b864d1900163eba": "23 years", + "5727dd2e4b864d1900163eba": "23", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebb": "Thames River", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebc": "Cornell", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebd": "2003", - "5727de862ca10214002d9860": "Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu; former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto; U. S. Secretary of Housing", - "5727de862ca10214002d9861": "Costa Rican President Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Figueres; Mexican Presidents Felipe Calder\u00f3n, Carlos Salinas de Gortari and Miguel de la Madrid", + "5727de862ca10214002d9860": "General Ban Ki-moon", + "5727de862ca10214002d9861": "Sebasti\u00e1n Pi\u00f1era", "5727de862ca10214002d9862": "Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Figueres", - "5727de862ca10214002d9863": "Antonis Samaras; Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu", + "5727de862ca10214002d9863": "Benjamin Netanyahu", "5727e0474b864d1900163f08": "Conan O'Brien", "5727e0474b864d1900163f09": "Leonard Bernstein", - "5727e0474b864d1900163f0a": "educators Werner Baer, Harlan Hanson; poets Wallace Stevens, T. S. Eliot and E. E. Cummings; conductor Leonard Bernstein", + "5727e0474b864d1900163f0a": "Yo Yo Ma", "5727e0474b864d1900163f0b": "W. E. B. Du Bois", "5727e21e4b864d1900163f34": "Shing-Tung Yau", - "5727e21e4b864d1900163f35": "biologist E. O. Wilson", - "5727e21e4b864d1900163f36": "E. O. Wilson", - "5727c94bff5b5019007d954a": "Duval County", + "5727e21e4b864d1900163f35": "Alan Dershowitz and Lawrence Lessig", + "5727e21e4b864d1900163f36": "Stephen Greenblatt", + "5727c94bff5b5019007d954a": "Jacksonville", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954b": "1,345,596", - "5727c94bff5b5019007d954c": "853,382", + "5727c94bff5b5019007d954c": "12th", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954d": "Duval County", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954e": "1968", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9676": "St. Johns River", - "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9677": "340 miles", + "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9677": "340 miles (550 km)", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9678": "Fort Caroline", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9679": "Timucua people", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d967a": "Andrew Jackson", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d958e": "third", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d958f": "golf", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d9590": "two", - "5727cd7dff5b5019007d9591": "Jacksonvillians", - "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bec": "thousands of years", - "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bed": "Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve, a University of North Florida team discovered some of the oldest remnants of pottery in the United States", - "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bee": "Mocama", + "5727cd7dff5b5019007d9591": "\"Jacksonvillians\" or \"Jaxsons\"", + "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bec": "thousands", + "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bed": "a University of North Florida team", + "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bee": "Mocama, a coastal subgroup of the Timucua people", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bef": "Mocama", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bf0": "Ossachite", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c26": "French Huguenot explorer Jean Ribault", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c27": "France", - "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c28": "Philip II of Spain", - "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c29": "the fort San Mateo", + "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c28": "a Spanish force from the nearby Spanish settlement of St. Augustine attacked Fort Caroline", + "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c29": "fort San Mateo", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c2a": "St. Johns River", - "572810ec2ca10214002d9d06": "1763 after the French and Indian War", - "572810ec2ca10214002d9d07": "plan a town, laying out the streets and plats. They soon named the town Jacksonville, after Andrew Jackson", - "572810ec2ca10214002d9d08": "Wacca Pilatka", - "572810ec2ca10214002d9d09": "Britain", + "572810ec2ca10214002d9d06": "the American Revolutionary War", + "572810ec2ca10214002d9d07": "Britain ceded control of the territory back to Spain in 1783", + "572810ec2ca10214002d9d08": "these names ostensibly reflect the fact that cattle were brought across the river there", + "572810ec2ca10214002d9d09": "Britain ceded control of the territory back to Spain", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d0a": "February 9, 1832", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c76": "Confederate", - "5728128cff5b5019007d9c77": "Battle of Olustee", - "5728128cff5b5019007d9c78": "March 1864 a Confederate cavalry confronted a Union expedition resulting in the Battle of Cedar Creek", - "5728128cff5b5019007d9c79": "hogs", - "5728128cff5b5019007d9c7a": "1862", + "5728128cff5b5019007d9c77": "Skirmish of the Brick Church", + "5728128cff5b5019007d9c78": "Battle of Olustee", + "5728128cff5b5019007d9c79": "hogs and cattle being shipped from Florida to aid the Confederate cause", + "5728128cff5b5019007d9c7a": "1864", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbc": "winter", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbd": "Grover Cleveland", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbe": "yellow fever outbreaks", - "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbf": "extension of the Florida East Coast Railway", + "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbf": "Florida East Coast Railway further south", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cc0": "railroad", - "5728170d3acd2414000df443": "Spanish moss at a nearby mattress factory", + "5728170d3acd2414000df443": "Spanish moss", "5728170d3acd2414000df444": "2,000", - "5728170d3acd2414000df445": "a kitchen fire", - "5728170d3acd2414000df446": "a kitchen fire", + "5728170d3acd2414000df445": "Jennings declare martial law and sent the state militia to maintain order", + "5728170d3acd2414000df446": "Great Fire of 1901\"", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d44": "New York\u2013based filmmakers", - "57281940ff5b5019007d9d45": "silent film studios", - "57281940ff5b5019007d9d46": "Winter Film Capital of the World\"", - "57281940ff5b5019007d9d47": "cheap labor", + "57281940ff5b5019007d9d45": "silent", + "57281940ff5b5019007d9d46": "Winter Film Capital of the World", + "57281940ff5b5019007d9d47": "warm climate, exotic locations, excellent rail access, and cheap labor", "57281ab63acd2414000df493": "construction of highways", "57281ab63acd2414000df494": "55.1%", "57281ab63acd2414000df495": "white flight", - "57281ab63acd2414000df496": "Mayor W. Haydon Burns", - "57281ab63acd2414000df497": "rapid urban sprawl after World War II. The construction of highways led residents to move to newer housing in the suburbs. After World War II", - "57281bb84b864d190016449a": "education, sanitation, and traffic control within the city limits", + "57281ab63acd2414000df496": "the government of the city of Jacksonville", + "57281ab63acd2414000df497": "rapid urban sprawl after World War II", + "57281bb84b864d190016449a": "tax base dissipated", "57281bb84b864d190016449b": "unincorporated suburbs", - "57281bb84b864d190016449c": "funding education, sanitation, and traffic control within the city limits", + "57281bb84b864d190016449c": "funding education, sanitation, and traffic control", "57281bb84b864d190016449d": "Voters", "57281d494b864d19001644be": "traditional old boy network", "57281d494b864d19001644bf": "11", - "57281d494b864d19001644c0": "Jacksonville Consolidation, led by J. J. Daniel and Claude Yates", + "57281d494b864d19001644c0": "inner city blacks", "57281d494b864d19001644c1": "Lower taxes", "57281edd3acd2414000df4eb": "consolidation referendum was held in 1967, voters approved the plan", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ec": "Hans Tanzler", - "57281edd3acd2414000df4ed": "Consolidated City of Jacksonville", - "57281edd3acd2414000df4ee": "blueprint for Jacksonville's future and approved by Jacksonville voters in 2000, authorized a half-penny sales tax", - "57281edd3acd2414000df4ef": "authorized a half-penny sales tax", - "572820512ca10214002d9e72": "contiguous United States", - "572820512ca10214002d9e73": "The Trout River", - "572820512ca10214002d9e74": "St. Johns River", + "57281edd3acd2414000df4ed": "Consolidated City", + "57281edd3acd2414000df4ee": "road & infrastructure improvements, environmental preservation", + "57281edd3acd2414000df4ef": "a half-penny sales tax", + "572820512ca10214002d9e72": "86.66% (757.7 sq mi or 1,962 km2)", + "572820512ca10214002d9e73": "Trout River", + "572820512ca10214002d9e74": "Trout River", "572820512ca10214002d9e75": "13.34%", "572820512ca10214002d9e76": "Baldwin", - "572821274b864d1900164510": "Barnett Center", + "572821274b864d1900164510": "tallest building in Downtown Jacksonville's skyline is the Bank of America Tower, constructed in 1990 as the Barnett Center", "572821274b864d1900164511": "Barnett Center", - "572821274b864d1900164512": "42 floors", - "572821274b864d1900164513": "42", + "572821274b864d1900164512": "617 ft", + "572821274b864d1900164513": "28", "572821274b864d1900164514": "37-story Wells Fargo Center (with its distinctive flared base", - "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc4": "humid subtropical climate", + "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc4": "humid subtropical", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc5": "November through April", - "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc6": "mild weather during winters and hot and humid weather", - "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc7": "low latitude and coastal location, the city sees very little cold weather", + "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc6": "mild weather", + "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc7": "low latitude", "57282358ff5b5019007d9dde": "104 \u00b0F", - "57282358ff5b5019007d9ddf": "rapid heating of the land relative to the water, combined with extremely high humidity", - "57282358ff5b5019007d9de0": "extremely high humidity", - "57282358ff5b5019007d9de1": "104 \u00b0F", - "572824f13acd2414000df58f": "hurricanes than most other east coast cities, although the threat does exist for a direct hit by a major hurricane", - "572824f13acd2414000df590": "barely diminished to 110 mph", - "572824f13acd2414000df591": "Fay", - "572824f13acd2414000df592": "hurricanes than most other east coast cities, although the threat does exist for a direct hit by a major hurricane", - "572824f13acd2414000df593": "1999", + "57282358ff5b5019007d9ddf": "thunderstorms to erupt", + "57282358ff5b5019007d9de0": "rapid heating of the land relative to the water, combined with extremely high humidity.", + "57282358ff5b5019007d9de1": "July", + "572824f13acd2414000df58f": "Hurricane Dora", + "572824f13acd2414000df590": "180 km/h)", + "572824f13acd2414000df591": "Storm Beryl", + "572824f13acd2414000df592": "Hurricane Dora", + "572824f13acd2414000df593": "1871", "572826634b864d19001645be": "Arab", - "572826634b864d19001645bf": "25,033", - "572826634b864d19001645c0": "25,033", - "572826634b864d19001645c1": "the United States Navy", - "572827fc3acd2414000df5bb": "36.4% were non-families. 29.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.9%", - "572827fc3acd2414000df5bc": "43.8%", - "572827fc3acd2414000df5bd": "non-families", - "572827fc3acd2414000df5be": "43.8%", - "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97ee": "40%", - "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97ef": "half of the world's wealth is now in the hands of those in the top percentile, whose assets each exceed $759,900", + "572826634b864d19001645bf": "821,784", + "572826634b864d19001645c0": "Much of Jacksonville's Filipino community served in or has ties to the United States Navy", + "572826634b864d19001645c1": "Filipino", + "572827fc3acd2414000df5bb": "7.9%", + "572827fc3acd2414000df5bc": "10.5%", + "572827fc3acd2414000df5bd": "female", + "572827fc3acd2414000df5be": "94.1", + "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97ee": "the poorer half", + "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97ef": "62", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f0": "$759,900", - "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f1": "the basis of the methodology used: by using net wealth", - "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f2": "using net wealth", + "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f1": "the basis of the methodology used", + "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f2": "the basis of the methodology", "5729d36b1d04691400779607": "40%", - "5729d36b1d04691400779608": "financial assets than the lowest 48 nations combined", + "5729d36b1d04691400779608": "$759,900. A 2016 report by Oxfam claims that the 62 wealthiest individuals own as much wealth as the poorer half", "5729d36b1d04691400779609": "nearly $41 trillion", - "5729d36b1d0469140077960a": "$759,900", + "5729d36b1d0469140077960a": "more than half", "5729d36b1d0469140077960b": "due to a greater tendency to take on debts", - "5727e8424b864d1900163fc0": "400", + "5727e8424b864d1900163fc0": "top 400", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc1": "the New York Times", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc2": "richest 1 percent in the United States now own more wealth than the bottom 90 percent", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc3": "substantial privilege", "5729d44b1d04691400779611": "wealth", - "5729d44b1d04691400779612": "Americans", - "5729d44b1d04691400779613": "substantial head start\"", + "5729d44b1d04691400779612": "the top 400 richest Americans", + "5729d44b1d04691400779613": "Inherited wealth", "5729d44b1d04691400779614": "over 60 percent", - "5729d44b1d04691400779615": "the Institute for Policy Studies", + "5729d44b1d04691400779615": "Institute for Policy Studies", "5727e9523acd2414000def95": "Neoclassical economics", - "5727e9523acd2414000def96": "differences in value added by different classifications of workers", - "5727e9523acd2414000def97": "differences in value added by labor, capital and land", - "5727e9523acd2414000def98": "highly-paid professions and lower-paid professions", - "5727e9523acd2414000def99": "by the marginal value added of each economic actor", + "5727e9523acd2414000def96": "reflection of the productivity gap between highly-paid professions and lower-paid professions", + "5727e9523acd2414000def97": "differences in value added", + "5727e9523acd2414000def98": "productivity gap", + "5727e9523acd2414000def99": "differences in value added by labor, capital and land. Within labor income distribution is due to differences in value added", "5729d51d3f37b3190047858f": "differences in value added by labor, capital and land", - "5729d51d3f37b31900478590": "value added by labor, capital and land", - "5729d51d3f37b31900478591": "wages and profits are determined by the marginal value added of each economic actor (worker, capitalist/business owner, landlord)", - "5729d51d3f37b31900478592": "capitalist/business owner, landlord", - "5729d51d3f37b31900478593": "productivity gap between highly-paid professions and lower-paid professions", - "5727ea45ff5b5019007d986e": "Over the long-term, this trend increases the organic composition of capital, meaning that less workers are required in proportion to capital inputs, increasing unemployment", - "5727ea45ff5b5019007d986f": "less workers are required in proportion to capital inputs, increasing unemployment", - "5727ea45ff5b5019007d9870": "increasing unemployment", - "5727ea45ff5b5019007d9871": "less workers are required in proportion to capital inputs, increasing unemployment", + "5729d51d3f37b31900478590": "value added by labor, capital and land. Within labor income distribution is due to differences in value", + "5729d51d3f37b31900478591": "wages and profits", + "5729d51d3f37b31900478592": "worker, capitalist/business owner, landlord", + "5729d51d3f37b31900478593": "productivity gap", + "5727ea45ff5b5019007d986e": "capital equipment for labor", + "5727ea45ff5b5019007d986f": "downward pressure on wages", + "5727ea45ff5b5019007d9870": "downward pressure on wages", + "5727ea45ff5b5019007d9871": "downward pressure", "5729d609af94a219006aa661": "labor inputs", - "5729d609af94a219006aa662": "reduce costs and maximize profits", - "5729d609af94a219006aa663": "less workers are required in proportion to capital inputs, increasing unemployment", - "5729d609af94a219006aa664": "capital equipment for labor (mechanization and automation", - "5729d609af94a219006aa665": "capital equipment for labor (mechanization and automation", - "5727ec062ca10214002d99b6": "employer, but rather by the market", - "5727ec062ca10214002d99b7": "supply and demand", - "5727ec062ca10214002d99b8": "losing proposition to offer below or above market wages", - "5727ec062ca10214002d99b9": "take advantage of the situation by offering a higher wage the best of their labor", - "5727ec062ca10214002d99ba": "a function of market price of skill", - "5729d878af94a219006aa66b": "organizations, or by the employer, but rather by the market", - "5729d878af94a219006aa66c": "prices for any other good", - "5729d878af94a219006aa66d": "wages can be considered as a function of market price of skill", - "5729d878af94a219006aa66e": "inequality, outcomes that are widely viewed as unfair", + "5729d609af94a219006aa662": "under competitive pressure to reduce costs and maximize profits", + "5729d609af94a219006aa663": "less workers are required in proportion to capital inputs", + "5729d609af94a219006aa664": "productivity of each worker", + "5729d609af94a219006aa665": "working class", + "5727ec062ca10214002d99b6": "workers wages", + "5727ec062ca10214002d99b7": "the law of supply and demand", + "5727ec062ca10214002d99b8": "workers wages will not be controlled by these organizations, or by the employer, but rather by the market", + "5727ec062ca10214002d99b9": "by offering a higher wage the best of their labor", + "5727ec062ca10214002d99ba": "driven by this price", + "5729d878af94a219006aa66b": "the market", + "5729d878af94a219006aa66c": "prices", + "5729d878af94a219006aa66d": "wages", + "5729d878af94a219006aa66e": "markets", "5729d878af94a219006aa66f": "high levels of inequality", - "5727ed2e3acd2414000df001": "low wage for that job. This is because competition between workers drives down the wage", - "5727ed2e3acd2414000df002": "dish-washing or customer service", - "5727ed2e3acd2414000df003": "low supply", - "5727ed2e3acd2414000df004": "political influence, or corruption", - "5727ed2e3acd2414000df005": "collective bargaining, political influence, or corruption", - "5729da0faf94a219006aa675": "low demand", - "5729da0faf94a219006aa676": "competition between workers drives down the wage", - "5729da0faf94a219006aa677": "competition between workers drives down the wage", - "5729da0faf94a219006aa678": "political influence, or corruption", - "5729da0faf94a219006aa679": "competition between workers drives down the wage", + "5727ed2e3acd2414000df001": "shortage", + "5727ed2e3acd2414000df002": "willing", + "5727ed2e3acd2414000df003": "high demand", + "5727ed2e3acd2414000df004": "collective bargaining, political influence, or corruption", + "5727ed2e3acd2414000df005": "Professional and labor organizations", + "5729da0faf94a219006aa675": "high supply) competing for a job that few require (low demand) will result in a low wage", + "5729da0faf94a219006aa676": "Competition", + "5729da0faf94a219006aa677": "due to the expendable nature of the worker in relation to his or her particular job", + "5729da0faf94a219006aa678": "willing workers", + "5729da0faf94a219006aa679": "employees", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ec": "entrepreneurship rates", - "5727ee372ca10214002d99ed": "achievement-oriented motivations", - "5727ee372ca10214002d99ee": "push\" motivations", - "5727ee372ca10214002d99ef": "achievement-oriented motivations", - "5727ee372ca10214002d99f0": "Necessity-based entrepreneurship", + "5727ee372ca10214002d99ed": "self", + "5727ee372ca10214002d99ee": "achievement-oriented motivations", + "5727ee372ca10214002d99ef": "motivations", + "5727ee372ca10214002d99f0": "opportunity-based", "5729de24af94a219006aa689": "higher economic inequality", - "5729de24af94a219006aa68a": "necessity rather than opportunity", - "5729de24af94a219006aa68b": "Necessity-based entrepreneurship is motivated by survival needs such as income for food and shelter (\"push\" motivations", - "5729de24af94a219006aa68c": "survival needs such as income for food and shelter (\"push\" motivations), whereas opportunity-based entrepreneurship is driven by achievement-oriented motivations", - "5729de24af94a219006aa68d": "necessity", - "5727ef664b864d1900164060": "progressive tax is a tax by which the tax rate increases as the taxable base amount increases", - "5727ef664b864d1900164061": "taxable base amount increases", - "5727ef664b864d1900164062": "social spending", + "5729de24af94a219006aa68a": "higher economic inequality", + "5729de24af94a219006aa68b": "Necessity-based", + "5729de24af94a219006aa68c": "survival needs", + "5729de24af94a219006aa68d": "positive", + "5727ef664b864d1900164060": "a progressive tax system", + "5727ef664b864d1900164061": "the level of the top tax rate", + "5727ef664b864d1900164062": "steeper tax progressivity applied to social spending", "5727ef664b864d1900164063": "progressive tax system", - "5729e02f1d04691400779639": "taxable base amount increases", + "5729e02f1d04691400779639": "tax rate", "5729e02f1d0469140077963a": "the level of the top tax rate", "5729e02f1d0469140077963b": "steeper tax progressivity applied to social spending", - "5729e02f1d0469140077963c": "income distribution before taxation and the Gini index", - "5727f05b4b864d1900164068": "Education, especially in an area where there is a high demand for workers, creates high wages for those with this education", - "5727f05b4b864d1900164069": "education", - "5727f05b4b864d190016406a": "lower incomes, and thus lower aggregate savings and investment", + "5729e02f1d0469140077963c": "Gini index", + "5727f05b4b864d1900164068": "Education", + "5727f05b4b864d1900164069": "savings and investment", + "5727f05b4b864d190016406a": "lower incomes", "5727f05b4b864d190016406b": "poor", - "5727f05b4b864d190016406c": "aggregate savings and investment", - "5729e1101d04691400779641": "variation in individuals' access to education", + "5727f05b4b864d190016406c": "savings and investment", + "5729e1101d04691400779641": "access to education", "5729e1101d04691400779642": "high wages", "5729e1101d04691400779643": "lower wages", - "5729e1101d04691400779644": "lower incomes, and thus lower aggregate savings and investment", + "5729e1101d04691400779644": "lower incomes", "5729e1101d04691400779645": "education raises incomes and promotes growth", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05b": "increasing access to education", - "5727f16c3acd2414000df05c": "105 billion", + "5727f16c3acd2414000df05c": "$105 billion", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05d": "boom-and-bust cycles", - "5727f16c3acd2414000df05e": "economists with the Standard & Poor's rating agency", + "5727f16c3acd2414000df05e": "the Standard & Poor's rating agency", "5729e1e36aef0514001550ba": "2014", "5729e1e36aef0514001550bb": "2008-2009", "5729e1e36aef0514001550bc": "increasing access to education", "5729e1e36aef0514001550bd": "$105 billion", - "5729e1e36aef0514001550be": "boom-and-bust cycles. To partially remedy the wealth gap and the resulting slow growth, S&P recommended increasing access to education", + "5729e1e36aef0514001550be": "boom-and-bust cycles", "5727f2714b864d1900164072": "1910\u20131940", - "5727f2714b864d1900164073": "decrease in the price of skilled labor", - "5727f2714b864d1900164074": "decrease in the price of skilled labor", - "5727f2714b864d1900164075": "low economic growth, and continued gender inequality in education", - "5727f2714b864d1900164076": "a period of compression and decreased inequality between skilled and unskilled workers", + "5727f2714b864d1900164073": "decrease in the price", + "5727f2714b864d1900164074": "decrease in the price", + "5727f2714b864d1900164075": "low economic growth", + "5727f2714b864d1900164076": "wages", "5729e2b76aef0514001550ce": "1910\u20131940", "5729e2b76aef0514001550cf": "price of skilled labor", - "5729e2b76aef0514001550d0": "to equip students with necessary skill sets to be able to perform at work", + "5729e2b76aef0514001550d0": "it differs from the present high school education, which is regarded as a stepping-stone to acquire college and advanced degrees", "5729e2b76aef0514001550d1": "Education", "5729e2b76aef0514001550d2": "gender inequality in education", - "5727f6723acd2414000df0e7": "business regulation along with the decline of union membership", - "5727f6723acd2414000df0e8": "European countries", - "5727f6723acd2414000df0ea": "lower level of economic mobility", - "5727f6723acd2414000df0e9": "European liberalism", - "5729e38daf94a219006aa69d": "decline of union membership as one of the causes of economic inequality", - "5729e38daf94a219006aa69e": "high levels of income inequality", - "5729e38daf94a219006aa69f": "CEPR point to economic liberalism", - "5729e38daf94a219006aa6a0": "U.S.-style labor-market flexibility dramatically improves labor-market outcomes", - "5729e38daf94a219006aa6a1": "lower level of economic mobility than all the continental European countries for which data", + "5727f6723acd2414000df0e7": "continental European countries", + "5727f6723acd2414000df0e8": "continental European countries", + "5727f6723acd2414000df0ea": "U.S. economy consistently affords a lower level of economic mobility", + "5727f6723acd2414000df0e9": "U.S.-style", + "5729e38daf94a219006aa69d": "economic inequality", + "5729e38daf94a219006aa69e": "social exclusion", + "5729e38daf94a219006aa69f": "the CEPR point to economic liberalism", + "5729e38daf94a219006aa6a0": "little", + "5729e38daf94a219006aa6a1": "lower level", "5727f7523acd2414000df10d": "Scandinavia", - "5727f7523acd2414000df10e": "vice-versa", - "5727f7523acd2414000df10f": "technological changes and globalization", - "5727f7523acd2414000df110": "inequality", - "5729e4291d04691400779651": "Sociologist Jake Rosenfield of the University of Washington", + "5727f7523acd2414000df10e": "high inequality", + "5727f7523acd2414000df10f": "decline of organized labor in the United States has played a more significant role in expanding the income gap than technological changes and globalization", + "5727f7523acd2414000df110": "decline of organized labor in the United States has played a more significant role in expanding the income gap than technological changes and globalization", + "5729e4291d04691400779651": "Sociologist", "5729e4291d04691400779652": "University of Washington", - "5729e4291d04691400779653": "technological changes and globalization", - "5729e4291d04691400779654": "high rates of unionization, particularly in Scandinavia, have very low levels of inequality", + "5729e4291d04691400779653": "decline of organized labor in the United States", + "5729e4291d04691400779654": "high rates", "5729e4291d04691400779655": "weak labor movements", - "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a18": "increased wages", - "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a19": "increased wages", - "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1a": "increased trade with poor countries and the fragmentation of the means of production, resulting in low skilled jobs", - "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1b": "Robert Lawrence argues that technological innovation and automation", - "5729f1283f37b319004785d7": "global to a domestic scale", + "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a18": "reduced wages as a result of the competition", + "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a19": "reduced wages as a result of the competition", + "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1a": "increased trade with poor countries", + "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1b": "machine labor", + "5729f1283f37b319004785d7": "a global to a domestic scale", "5729f1283f37b319004785d8": "low-skilled workers", - "5729f1283f37b319004785d9": "increased trade with poor countries and the fragmentation", - "5729f1283f37b319004785da": "technological innovation", - "5729f1283f37b319004785db": "wealthier nations", + "5729f1283f37b319004785d9": "increased trade with poor countries", + "5729f1283f37b319004785da": "minor", + "5729f1283f37b319004785db": "machine labor in wealthier nations", "5727fd123acd2414000df185": "53%", "5727fd123acd2414000df186": "53% in Botswana to -40%", - "5727fd123acd2414000df187": "Thomas Sowell, in his book Knowledge and Decisions, claims that this difference is due to women not taking jobs due to marriage or pregnancy", + "5727fd123acd2414000df187": "in US once other factors are accounted for there is still a difference in earnings between women and men", "5727fd123acd2414000df188": "males", - "5729f1c13f37b319004785e7": "Gender pay gap", + "5729f1c13f37b319004785e7": "Gender", "5729f1c13f37b319004785e8": "males", - "5729f1c13f37b319004785e9": "Thomas Sowell", + "5729f1c13f37b319004785e9": "men", "5729f1c13f37b319004785ea": "Thomas Sowell", - "5729f1c13f37b319004785eb": "earnings between women and men. The income gap in other countries ranges from 53% in Botswana to -40% in Bahrain", + "5729f1c13f37b319004785eb": "difference", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ab": "social welfare programs", - "5727ff083acd2414000df1ac": "low levels of development have relatively equal distributions of wealth", + "5727ff083acd2414000df1ac": "lower", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ad": "it acquires more capital", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ae": "it acquires more capital", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6dd": "Economist", - "5729f24baf94a219006aa6de": "relatively equal distributions of wealth", + "5729f24baf94a219006aa6de": "levels of economic inequality", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6df": "more capital", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6e0": "wealth and income and introducing inequality", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6e1": "social welfare programs", - "57287b322ca10214002da3be": "1910 to 1940", - "57287b322ca10214002da3bf": "1910 to 1940 and thereafter.[citation needed] However, recent data shows that the level of income inequality began to rise after the 1970s", + "57287b322ca10214002da3be": "1910 to 1940 and thereafter", + "57287b322ca10214002da3bf": "after the 1970s", "57287b322ca10214002da3c0": "manufacturing sector to the service sector", "57287b322ca10214002da3c1": "manufacturing sector to the service sector", - "5729f3883f37b319004785f1": "Kuznets", - "5729f3883f37b319004785f2": "Kuznets curve", + "5729f3883f37b319004785f1": "Kuznets saw middle-income developing economies level of inequality bulging out to form what is now known as the Kuznets curve", + "5729f3883f37b319004785f2": "the Kuznets curve", "5729f3883f37b319004785f3": "very weak", - "5729f3883f37b319004785f4": "decrease", - "5729f3883f37b319004785f5": "manufacturing sector to the service sector", - "57287c2bff5b5019007da26c": "creating wealth or to otherwise leverage the accumulation of wealth", - "57287c2bff5b5019007da26d": "creating wealth or to otherwise leverage the accumulation of wealth", - "57287c2bff5b5019007da26e": "invest in new sources of creating wealth or to otherwise leverage the accumulation of wealth", - "57287c2bff5b5019007da26f": "invest in new sources of creating wealth or to otherwise leverage the accumulation of wealth", - "5729f4273f37b319004785fb": "the possession of already-wealthy individuals or entities", - "5729f4273f37b319004785fc": "wealthy individuals or entities", - "5729f4273f37b319004785fd": "persistence", + "5729f3883f37b319004785f4": "income inequality will eventually decrease given time", + "5729f3883f37b319004785f5": "move from the manufacturing sector to the service sector", + "57287c2bff5b5019007da26c": "to invest in new sources of creating wealth or to otherwise leverage the accumulation of wealth", + "57287c2bff5b5019007da26d": "leverage the accumulation of wealth", + "57287c2bff5b5019007da26e": "persistence of inequality within society", + "57287c2bff5b5019007da26f": "persistence of inequality", + "5729f4273f37b319004785fb": "in the possession of already-wealthy individuals or entities", + "5729f4273f37b319004785fc": "the beneficiaries of the new wealth", + "5729f4273f37b319004785fd": "wealth condensation", "5729f4273f37b319004785fe": "Thomas Piketty", "5729f4273f37b319004785ff": "higher returns", "5729f4e46aef051400155157": "market forces", "5729f4e46aef051400155156": "Economist", - "5729f4e46aef051400155158": "rent-seeking\". While the market will bid up compensation for rare and desired skills to reward wealth creation", - "5729f4e46aef051400155159": "government", + "5729f4e46aef051400155158": "rare and desired", + "5729f4e46aef051400155159": "political power generated", "5729f4e46aef05140015515a": "rent-seeking", - "5729f60caf94a219006aa6ef": "resources devoted on high-end consumption", - "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f0": "when human capital is neglected for high-end consumption", + "5729f60caf94a219006aa6ef": "inequality", + "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f0": "human capital", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f1": "life expectancy", - "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f2": "lower level of economic utility in society from resources devoted on high-end consumption, and even a lower level of economic growth", + "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f2": "economic growth", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f3": "lower in more unequal countries", "572a05eb3f37b31900478653": "2013", - "572a05eb3f37b31900478654": "Increasing inequality harms economic growth", - "572a05eb3f37b31900478655": "inequality increases", - "572a05eb3f37b31900478656": "constrains liquidity limiting labor mobility", - "572a05eb3f37b31900478657": "economic growth", + "572a05eb3f37b31900478654": "rising inequality", + "572a05eb3f37b31900478655": "inequality increases, has a negative effect", + "572a05eb3f37b31900478656": "promoting social dislocation, unrest and conflict.", + "572a05eb3f37b31900478657": "economic", "572a06866aef0514001551be": "British", - "572a06866aef0514001551bf": "lower rates", - "572a06866aef0514001551c0": "lower rates", + "572a06866aef0514001551bf": "lower", + "572a06866aef0514001551c0": "life expectancy by country", "572a06866aef0514001551c2": "23", "572a06866aef0514001551c1": "equality", - "572a070c6aef0514001551c8": "clean water and warmth", + "572a070c6aef0514001551c8": "better health and longer lives", "572a070c6aef0514001551c9": "poorer countries", "572a070c6aef0514001551ca": "life expectancy", "572a070c6aef0514001551cb": "Americans", - "572a070c6aef0514001551cc": "80 years", + "572a070c6aef0514001551cc": "Life expectancy in Sweden (80 years) and Japan (82)", "572a07a86aef0514001551d2": "income inequality", "572a07a86aef0514001551d3": "Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett", - "572a07a86aef0514001551d4": "nine factors", - "572a07a86aef0514001551d5": "nine factors", - "572a07a86aef0514001551d6": "greater equality", + "572a07a86aef0514001551d4": "nine", + "572a07a86aef0514001551d5": "in countries with bigger income inequalities\", and more common among states in the US with larger income inequalities.", + "572a07a86aef0514001551d6": "greater equality but not per capita income", "572a0a391d046914007796df": "inequality", "572a0a391d046914007796e0": "homicides", "572a0a391d046914007796e1": "fifty", "572a0a391d046914007796e3": "differences in the amount of inequality in each province or state", "572a0a391d046914007796e2": "tenfold", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa765": "economic inequality", - "572a0bafaf94a219006aa766": "distributive efficiency", - "572a0bafaf94a219006aa767": "a great deal of utility to that person, such as basic necessities like food, water, and healthcare", - "572a0bafaf94a219006aa768": "the additional dollar", + "572a0bafaf94a219006aa766": "distributive efficiency\" within society, that decreases marginal utility of wealth", + "572a0bafaf94a219006aa767": "a great deal of utility", + "572a0bafaf94a219006aa768": "decreases", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa769": "higher aggregate utility", "572a0c541d046914007796f3": "income", - "572a0c541d046914007796f4": "Will Wilkinson of the libertarian", + "572a0c541d046914007796f4": "considerably less dramatic than the rise in income inequality,\" and consumption is more important than income", "572a0c541d046914007796f5": "2001", - "572a0c541d046914007796f6": "Thomas B", + "572a0c541d046914007796f6": "Thomas B. Edsall", "572a0c541d046914007796f7": "journalist", - "572a0d21af94a219006aa783": "Central Banking", - "572a0d21af94a219006aa784": "financial 'fault lines' that have made [financial] crises", - "572a0d21af94a219006aa785": "deep financial 'fault lines' that have made [financial] crises more likely to happen than in the past\" \u2013 the Financial crisis of 2007\u201308", - "572a0d21af94a219006aa786": "easier credit to the lower and middle income earners \u2013 particularly to buy homes \u2013 and easier credit in general to keep unemployment rates low", + "572a0d21af94a219006aa783": "Central Banking economist", + "572a0d21af94a219006aa784": "systematic economic inequalities", + "572a0d21af94a219006aa785": "Financial crisis of 2007\u201308", + "572a0d21af94a219006aa786": "easier credit", "572a0d21af94a219006aa787": "unsustainable monetary stimulation", "572a0e0e1d04691400779707": "inequality in wealth and income", - "572a0e0e1d04691400779708": "just economic prosperity", - "572a0e0e1d04691400779709": "if the income share of the top 20 percent", - "572a0e0e1d0469140077970a": "medium term, suggesting that the benefits do not trickle down. In contrast, an increase in the income share of the bottom 20 percent", - "572a0e0e1d0469140077970b": "poor and the middle class matter the most for growth via a number of interrelated economic, social, and political channels", - "572a0ecb1d04691400779717": "increasing inequality harms economic growth. High and persistent unemployment", - "572a0ecb1d04691400779718": "economic growth. High and persistent unemployment", + "572a0e0e1d04691400779708": "quality of a country's institutions and high levels of education", + "572a0e0e1d04691400779709": "declines", + "572a0e0e1d0469140077970a": "higher GDP growth", + "572a0e0e1d0469140077970b": "The poor and the middle class matter", + "572a0ecb1d04691400779717": "increasing inequality harms economic growth", + "572a0ecb1d04691400779718": "economic growth", "572a0ecb1d04691400779719": "inequality increases, has a negative effect on subsequent long-run economic growth", - "572a0ecb1d0469140077971a": "because it is a waste of resources", - "572a0ecb1d0469140077971b": "inequality-associated effects support economic growth", - "572a1046af94a219006aa78d": "aggregate demand", + "572a0ecb1d0469140077971a": "it is a waste of resources", + "572a0ecb1d0469140077971b": "inequality-associated effects", + "572a1046af94a219006aa78d": "prevent growth by limiting aggregate demand", "572a1046af94a219006aa78e": "by limiting aggregate demand", - "572a1046af94a219006aa78f": "global inequality and inequality within countries prevent growth by limiting aggregate demand", + "572a1046af94a219006aa78f": "global inequality and inequality", "572a1046af94a219006aa790": "increasing importance of human capital in development", - "572a1046af94a219006aa791": "widespread education", + "572a1046af94a219006aa791": "human capital is scarcer than machines, widespread education", "572a11663f37b31900478693": "1993", - "572a11663f37b31900478694": "detrimental effect on human capital formation and economic development. A 1996 study by Perotti examined the channels through which inequality may affect economic growth", - "572a11663f37b31900478695": "the channels through which inequality may affect economic growth", + "572a11663f37b31900478694": "detrimental effect", + "572a11663f37b31900478695": "channels through which inequality may affect economic growth", "572a11663f37b31900478696": "redistributive taxation", "572a11663f37b31900478697": "politically and socially unstable", - "572a12381d0469140077972d": "encourage growth in richer", - "572a12381d0469140077972e": "encourage growth in richer countries", + "572a12381d0469140077972d": "encourage growth in richer countries", + "572a12381d0469140077972e": "encourage growth", "572a12381d0469140077972c": "growth and investment", "572a12381d0469140077972b": "Harvard", - "572a12381d0469140077972f": "1960 and 2000", + "572a12381d0469140077972f": "between 1960 and 2000", "572a13841d0469140077973b": "the Kuznets curve hypothesis", - "572a13841d0469140077973c": "decreases", + "572a13841d0469140077973c": "first increases", "572a13841d0469140077973d": "Economist Thomas Piketty", "572a13841d0469140077973e": "Economist", - "572a13841d0469140077973f": "violent economic and political shocks", - "572a18a4af94a219006aa7df": "1970s", - "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e0": "savings by the wealthy, if these increase with inequality, were thought to offset reduced consumer demand", + "572a13841d0469140077973f": "violent economic and political shocks\"", + "572a18a4af94a219006aa7df": "the 1970s", + "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e0": "reduced consumer demand", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e1": "increased income inequality", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e2": "several years", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e3": "equality in the income distribution", "572a1a5c6aef051400155284": "special efforts", - "572a1a5c6aef051400155285": "the existing level of inequality", - "572a1a5c6aef051400155286": "60 years to achieve the same reduction", - "572a1a5c6aef051400155287": "economic growth is necessary", + "572a1a5c6aef051400155285": "existing level of inequality", + "572a1a5c6aef051400155286": "the same reduction", + "572a1a5c6aef051400155287": "United Nations", "572a1a5c6aef051400155288": "reducing poverty", - "572a1ba46aef05140015528e": "Much unregistered property", + "572a1ba46aef05140015528e": "much land and housing", "572a1ba46aef05140015528f": "various associations and other arrangements", - "572a1ba46aef051400155290": "extra-legal ownership include excessive bureaucratic red tape in buying property and building", - "572a1ba46aef051400155291": "200 steps and up to 14 years", + "572a1ba46aef051400155290": "legal", + "572a1ba46aef051400155291": "200", "572a1ba46aef051400155292": "government land", - "572a1c943f37b319004786e1": "David Rodda, Jacob Vigdor, and Janna Matlack), argue that a shortage of affordable housing", + "572a1c943f37b319004786e1": "affordable housing", "572a1c943f37b319004786e2": "quality rental units", "572a1c943f37b319004786e3": "higher quality housing increased", - "572a1c943f37b319004786e4": "gentrification of older neighbourhoods, for example, in East New York, rental prices increased rapidly as landlords", - "572a1c943f37b319004786e5": "rising prices", - "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f5": "pensions, education and health care", - "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f6": "costs must be borrowed and often those on lower incomes are those who are worse equipped to manage their finances", + "572a1c943f37b319004786e4": "gentrification of older neighbourhoods", + "572a1c943f37b319004786e5": "ad valorem property tax policy", + "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f5": "costs of housing, pensions, education and health care", + "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f6": "costs must be borrowed", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f7": "aspirational consumption", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f8": "taking on debt", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f9": "greater inequality and potential economic instability", - "572a1f086aef0514001552c0": "more waste and pollution is created, resulting in many cases, in more environmental degradation", + "572a1f086aef0514001552c0": "environmental degradation", "572a1f086aef0514001552c1": "multiplier", "572a1f086aef0514001552c2": "environmental degradation", - "572a1f086aef0514001552c3": "per person being multiplied by a multiplier", + "572a1f086aef0514001552c3": "/corrected", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d0": "private ownership of the means of production by a class of owners", - "572a1fe16aef0514001552d1": "production by a class of owners", - "572a1fe16aef0514001552d2": "a wage or salary", - "572a1fe16aef0514001552d3": "socially owned so that income differentials would be reflective of individual contributions", - "572a1fe16aef0514001552d4": "socially owned", + "572a1fe16aef0514001552d1": "production", + "572a1fe16aef0514001552d2": "income in the form of a wage or salary", + "572a1fe16aef0514001552d3": "socially owned", + "572a1fe16aef0514001552d4": "reflective", "572a20816aef0514001552e4": "Robert Nozick", - "572a20816aef0514001552e5": "taxation", + "572a20816aef0514001552e5": "form of taxation", "572a20816aef0514001552e6": "force", - "572a20816aef0514001552e7": "the result of forceful taking of property", + "572a20816aef0514001552e7": "forceful taking of property", "572a20816aef0514001552e8": "when they improve society as a whole", - "572a213e6aef0514001552ee": "income inequality and poverty as form of \u201ccapability deprivation", - "572a213e6aef0514001552ef": "human development approach \u2013 looks at income inequality and poverty as form of \u201ccapability deprivation", - "572a213e6aef0514001552f0": "income inequality and poverty as form of \u201ccapability deprivation", - "572a213e6aef0514001552f1": "to \u201cwid[en] people\u2019s choices and the level of their achieved well-being\u201d through increasing functionings", - "572a213e6aef0514001552f2": "income inequality and poverty as form of \u201ccapability deprivation", - "572a2224af94a219006aa823": "they are in some way deprived of earning", - "572a2224af94a219006aa824": "gender roles and customs may prevent a woman from receiving an education", - "572a2224af94a219006aa825": "gender roles and customs may prevent a woman from receiving an education or working outside the home. There may be an epidemic that causes widespread panic", + "572a213e6aef0514001552ee": "capability deprivation\u201d", + "572a213e6aef0514001552ef": "the end itself", + "572a213e6aef0514001552f0": "to \u201cwid[en] people\u2019s choices and the level of their achieved well-being\u201d", + "572a213e6aef0514001552f1": "through increasing functionings (the things a person values doing", + "572a213e6aef0514001552f2": "the ability to pursue valued goals", + "572a2224af94a219006aa823": "they are in some way deprived of earning as much income as they would otherwise", + "572a2224af94a219006aa824": "cannot earn as much as a healthy young man", + "572a2224af94a219006aa825": "gender roles and customs", "572a2224af94a219006aa826": "fear of their lives", "572a2224af94a219006aa827": "a better relevant income", - "5727efabff5b5019007d98e2": "British science-fiction television programme produced by the BBC", + "5727efabff5b5019007d98e2": "the BBC", "5727efabff5b5019007d98e3": "1963", - "5727efabff5b5019007d98e4": "adventures of the Doctor, a Time Lord\u2014a space and time-travelling humanoid alien. He explores the universe in his TARDIS", - "5727efabff5b5019007d98e5": "a blue British police box", + "5727efabff5b5019007d98e4": "the adventures of the Doctor", + "5727efabff5b5019007d98e5": "blue British police box", "5727efabff5b5019007d98e6": "British science-fiction", "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f2": "1963 to 1989", "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f3": "Russell T Davies", "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f4": "Russell T Davies", - "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f5": "BBC Wales in Cardiff. The first series of the 21st century featured Christopher Eccleston in the title role and was produced by the BBC", - "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f6": "Russell T Davies", + "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f5": "BBC Wales", + "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f6": "Christopher Eccleston", "5727f18c3acd2414000df063": "Twelve", "5727f18c3acd2414000df064": "Peter Capaldi", - "5727f18c3acd2414000df065": "Peter Capaldi took on the role after Matt Smith's exit", - "5727f18c3acd2414000df066": "2013", - "5727f18c3acd2414000df067": "regeneration into a new incarnation. The show's premise is that this is a life process of Time Lords", + "5727f18c3acd2414000df065": "Christmas special", + "5727f18c3acd2414000df066": "Time Lords", + "5727f18c3acd2414000df067": "new personality", "5727f2583acd2414000df087": "Gallifrey", - "5727f2583acd2414000df088": "The Doctor", - "5727f2583acd2414000df089": "chameleon circuit", + "5727f2583acd2414000df088": "Type 40 TARDIS", + "5727f2583acd2414000df089": "The Doctor", "5727f2583acd2414000df08a": "chameleon circuit", - "5727f2583acd2414000df08b": "rogue Time Lord from the planet Gallifrey", + "5727f2583acd2414000df08b": "a malfunction in the chameleon circuit", "5727f3193acd2414000df0a5": "alone", - "5727f3193acd2414000df0a6": "Cybermen", - "5727f3193acd2414000df0a7": "regenerate when his body is mortally damaged, taking on a new appearance and personality", + "5727f3193acd2414000df0a6": "mortally damaged", + "5727f3193acd2414000df0a7": "regenerate", "5727f3193acd2414000df0a8": "humans", - "5727f3193acd2414000df0a9": "sonic screwdriver", - "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a32": "17:16:20 GMT, eighty seconds after the scheduled programme time, 5:15 pm, on Saturday, 23 November 1963", + "5727f3193acd2414000df0a9": "the Master, another renegade Time Lord", + "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a32": "Saturday, 23 November 1963", "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a33": "bug-eyed monsters", - "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a34": "bug-eyed monsters", - "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a35": "Donald Wilson", + "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a34": "an alien neutron bomb attack but Nation later dropped the aliens", + "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a35": "Verity Lambert", "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a36": "25 minutes", "5727f5622ca10214002d9a44": "26", "5727f5622ca10214002d9a45": "Jonathan Powell", "5727f5622ca10214002d9a46": "Sophie Aldred", - "5727f5622ca10214002d9a47": "commission a planned 27th series of the show for transmission", + "5727f5622ca10214002d9a47": "a planned 27th series", "5727f5622ca10214002d9a48": "BBC 1", - "5727f678ff5b5019007d9956": "relaunch the show. Philip Segal", + "5727f678ff5b5019007d9956": "relaunch", "5727f678ff5b5019007d9957": "Philip Segal", "5727f678ff5b5019007d9958": "Fox Network", "5727f678ff5b5019007d9959": "9.1 million", - "5727f678ff5b5019007d995a": "United States", - "5727f746ff5b5019007d9960": "Rose", + "5727f678ff5b5019007d995a": "UK", + "5727f746ff5b5019007d9960": "\"Rose\" on BBC One", "5727f746ff5b5019007d9961": "2005", "5727f746ff5b5019007d9963": "2009", - "5727f746ff5b5019007d9964": "Steven Moffat", + "5727f746ff5b5019007d9964": "Chris Chibnall", "5727f746ff5b5019007d9962": "Christmas Day specials", "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7c": "1963\u20131989", "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7d": "The 2005 version of Doctor Who is a direct plot continuation of the original 1963\u20131989 series[note 2] and the 1996 telefilm", "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7e": "2005", - "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7f": "Battlestar Galactica", + "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7f": "Battlestar Galactica and Bionic Woman", "5727f8342ca10214002d9a80": "Mission Impossible", "5727fc7f4b864d1900164160": "30 November 1963", - "5727fc7f4b864d1900164161": "eighty seconds", - "5727fc7f4b864d1900164162": "John F. Kennedy", - "5727fc7f4b864d1900164163": "eighty seconds. The BBC believed that many viewers had missed this introduction to a new series due to the coverage of the assassination", + "5727fc7f4b864d1900164161": "ten minutes", + "5727fc7f4b864d1900164162": "ten minutes", + "5727fc7f4b864d1900164163": "assassination", "5727fc7f4b864d1900164164": "the assassination", - "5727fdb94b864d190016417c": "Hiding behind (or 'watching from behind') the sofa\" entered British pop culture", - "5727fdb94b864d190016417d": "the Museum of the Moving Image in London", - "5727fdb94b864d190016417e": "Museum of the Moving Image in London", - "5727fdb94b864d190016417f": "scariest TV show of all time\"", - "5727fdb94b864d1900164180": "Doctor", - "5727fed73acd2414000df1a1": "3%", + "5727fdb94b864d190016417c": "\"Behind the Sofa\"", + "5727fdb94b864d190016417d": "the Museum of the Moving Image", + "5727fdb94b864d190016417e": "Museum of the Moving Image", + "5727fdb94b864d190016417f": "scariest TV show of all time", + "5727fdb94b864d1900164180": "Digital Spy", + "5727fed73acd2414000df1a1": "Doctor", "5727fed73acd2414000df1a2": "3%", "5727fed73acd2414000df1a3": "Philip Howard", "5727fed73acd2414000df1a4": "Monopoly", - "5727fed73acd2414000df1a5": "Times newspaper", + "5727fed73acd2414000df1a5": "Times", "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8c": "TARDIS", - "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8d": "a police box as a time machine", - "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8e": "a time machine", - "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8f": "the Metropolitan Police Authority", + "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8d": "firmly linked", + "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8e": "The image of the TARDIS has become firmly linked to the show in the public's consciousness", + "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8f": "Metropolitan Police Authority", "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a90": "2002", - "572800b03acd2414000df1f1": "four to six parts in earlier years and three to four", + "572800b03acd2414000df1f1": "26", "572800b03acd2414000df1f2": "6 December 1989", "572800b03acd2414000df1f3": "12", "572800b03acd2414000df1f4": "rogue Time Lord called The Master", - "572800b03acd2414000df1f5": "Daleks' Master Plan", + "572800b03acd2414000df1f5": "rogue Time Lord called The Master", "572801823acd2414000df1fb": "2005", - "572801823acd2414000df1fc": "13 45-minute, self-contained episodes (60 minutes", + "572801823acd2414000df1fc": "13 45-minute", "572801823acd2414000df1fd": "Christmas Day", - "572801823acd2414000df1fe": "The Eleventh Hour\" from 2010", + "572801823acd2414000df1fe": "The Eleventh Hour", "572801823acd2414000df1ff": "2010", "5728023a4b864d19001641f4": "826", - "5728023a4b864d19001641f5": "826", - "5728023a4b864d19001641f6": "826", + "5728023a4b864d19001641f5": "25-minute", + "5728023a4b864d19001641f6": "eight", "5728023a4b864d19001641f7": "60 minutes' duration, one of 72 minutes", "5728023a4b864d19001641f8": "1963", "572803493acd2414000df229": "William Hartnell and Patrick Troughton", "572803493acd2414000df22a": "97 of 253", - "572803493acd2414000df22b": "seasons 3, 4, & 5", + "572803493acd2414000df22b": "3, 4, & 5", "572803493acd2414000df22c": "1978", - "572803493acd2414000df22d": "1972", - "572804522ca10214002d9b94": "8 mm cine film and clips", - "572804522ca10214002d9b95": "Marco Polo", - "572804522ca10214002d9b97": "\"Mission to the Unknown", - "572804522ca10214002d9b96": "8 mm cine film and clips", - "572804522ca10214002d9b98": "Short clips from every story with the exception of Marco Polo, \"Mission to the Unknown", + "572803493acd2414000df22d": "1964 and 1973", + "572804522ca10214002d9b94": "bought prints for broadcast", + "572804522ca10214002d9b95": "fans", + "572804522ca10214002d9b97": "Mission to the Unknown", + "572804522ca10214002d9b96": "8 mm cine", + "572804522ca10214002d9b98": "exist from home viewers who made tape recordings", "572805363acd2414000df26d": "the BBC", "572805363acd2414000df26e": "Cosgrove Hall", "572805363acd2414000df26f": "1968", "572805363acd2414000df270": "Theta-Sigma", "572805363acd2414000df271": "November 2006", "57280757ff5b5019007d9b42": "regeneration", - "57280757ff5b5019007d9b43": "until the Doctor's third", - "57280757ff5b5019007d9b44": "original star William Hartnell's poor health", - "57280757ff5b5019007d9b45": "regeneration\"", - "57280757ff5b5019007d9b46": "\"regeneration\"", + "57280757ff5b5019007d9b43": "the Doctor's third on-screen regeneration", + "57280757ff5b5019007d9b44": "William Hartnell's poor health", + "57280757ff5b5019007d9b45": "regeneration\" was not initially conceived of until the Doctor's third on-screen regeneration", + "57280757ff5b5019007d9b46": "change of appearance", "572808bf4b864d190016429a": "12 times", "572808bf4b864d190016429b": "13", - "572808bf4b864d190016429c": "The Time of the Doctor\" depicted the Doctor acquiring a new cycle of regenerations, starting from the Twelfth Doctor", - "572808bf4b864d190016429d": "The Deadly Assassin and Mawdryn Undead", + "572808bf4b864d190016429c": "The Time of the Doctor", + "572808bf4b864d190016429d": "The Deadly Assassin and Mawdryn Undead and the 1996 TV film", "572808bf4b864d190016429e": "1996", - "572809ab4b864d19001642ae": "John Hurt guest-starred as a hitherto unknown incarnation of the Doctor", + "572809ab4b864d19001642ae": "John Hurt", "572809ab4b864d19001642af": "The Day of the Doctor", "572809ab4b864d19001642b0": "Michael Jayston", - "572809ab4b864d19001642b1": "a Time Lord, where Michael Jayston portrayed the Valeyard", - "572809ab4b864d19001642b2": "his twelfth and final incarnation", - "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c66": "his secret\" and who is subsequently revealed to be the War Doctor", - "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c67": "Big Bang", - "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c68": "William Hartnell and Patrick Troughton", - "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c6a": "Big Bang", - "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c69": "Big Bang", + "572809ab4b864d19001642b1": "The Trial of a Time Lord", + "572809ab4b864d19001642b2": "McGann and Eccleston", + "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c66": "David Tennant's Tenth Doctor", + "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c67": "Day of the Daleks", + "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c68": "Peter Davison", + "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c6a": "\"The Big Bang\"", + "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c69": "The Day of the Doctor", "57280cac2ca10214002d9ca8": "Peter Davison, Colin Baker and Sylvester McCoy", - "57280cac2ca10214002d9ca9": "an audio drama titled Zagreus", + "57280cac2ca10214002d9ca9": "Zagreus", "57280cac2ca10214002d9caa": "Peter Davison, Colin Baker and Sylvester McCoy", - "57280cac2ca10214002d9cab": "Four Doctors", + "57280cac2ca10214002d9cab": "Colin Baker and Sylvester McCoy", "57280cac2ca10214002d9cac": "2003", "57280e323acd2414000df349": "The Lodger", "57280e323acd2414000df34a": "The Brain of Morbius", - "57280e323acd2414000df34b": "1983's 20th Anniversary", + "57280e323acd2414000df34b": "Mawdryn Undead", "57280e323acd2414000df34c": "The Lodger", "57280e323acd2414000df34d": "1983", "57280f0d3acd2414000df35b": "An Unearthly Child", "57280f0d3acd2414000df35c": "Susan Foreman", "57280f0d3acd2414000df35d": "2005", "57280f0d3acd2414000df35e": "The Empty Child", - "57280f0d3acd2414000df35f": "Cybermen", + "57280f0d3acd2414000df35f": "\"Smith and Jones", "5728103eff5b5019007d9c30": "human", "5728103eff5b5019007d9c31": "The Deadly Assassin", - "5728103eff5b5019007d9c33": "Sarah Jane Smith", - "5728103eff5b5019007d9c34": "moral duty\". The Doctor's first companions seen on screen were his granddaughter Susan Foreman", - "5728103eff5b5019007d9c32": "surrogates", - "572811434b864d190016438c": "a primary female", + "5728103eff5b5019007d9c33": "human", + "5728103eff5b5019007d9c34": "aliens", + "5728103eff5b5019007d9c32": "Sarah Jane Smith", + "572811434b864d190016438c": "female", "572811434b864d190016438d": "Rose Tyler", "572811434b864d190016438e": "Amy Pond", "572811434b864d190016438f": "Rose Tyler", - "572811434b864d1900164390": "Catherine Tate) with Mickey Smith", + "572811434b864d1900164390": "Catherine Tate", "572812142ca10214002d9d2a": "Russell T Davies", "572812142ca10214002d9d2b": "2005", - "572812142ca10214002d9d2c": "aliens: Slitheen", - "572812142ca10214002d9d2d": "Cybermats in series 6, the Great Intelligence and the Ice Warriors in Series 7, and Zygons in the 50th Anniversary Special", - "572812142ca10214002d9d2e": "Slitheen", + "572812142ca10214002d9d2c": "Cybermen", + "572812142ca10214002d9d2d": "series 3", + "572812142ca10214002d9d2e": "Zygons", "572812eaff5b5019007d9c80": "The Dalek race", "572812eaff5b5019007d9c81": "Skaro", - "572812eaff5b5019007d9c82": "Skaro, mutated by the scientist Davros and housed in mechanical armour shells for mobility", + "572812eaff5b5019007d9c82": "eyestalk", "572812eaff5b5019007d9c83": "Davros", "572812eaff5b5019007d9c84": "their eyestalk", - "572813b52ca10214002d9d68": "Professor Moriarty", - "572813b52ca10214002d9d69": "Professor Moriarty", + "572813b52ca10214002d9d68": "The Master", + "572813b52ca10214002d9d69": "archenemy", "572813b52ca10214002d9d6a": "Eric Roberts", - "572813b52ca10214002d9d6b": "Professor Moriarty", - "572813b52ca10214002d9d6c": "Roger Delgado", + "572813b52ca10214002d9d6b": "archenemy", + "572813b52ca10214002d9d6c": "Peter Pratt and Geoffrey Beevers", "572814882ca10214002d9d72": "Derek Jacobi", - "572814882ca10214002d9d73": "Utopia\"", + "572814882ca10214002d9d73": "Utopia", "572814882ca10214002d9d74": "2014", - "572814882ca10214002d9d75": "Missy", - "572814882ca10214002d9d76": "Michelle Gomez", + "572814882ca10214002d9d75": "Time Lady", + "572814882ca10214002d9d76": "Time Lady", "572816213acd2414000df429": "Ron Grainer", - "572816213acd2414000df42a": "Dick Mills", - "572816213acd2414000df42b": "musique concr\u00e8te techniques", + "572816213acd2414000df42a": "BBC Radiophonic Workshop", + "572816213acd2414000df42b": "musique concr\u00e8te", "572816213acd2414000df42c": "1979\u201380", - "572816213acd2414000df42d": "a significant and innovative piece of electronic music, recorded well before the availability of commercial synthesisers or multitrack mixers", + "572816213acd2414000df42d": "\"Did I write that?", "5728177f2ca10214002d9db0": "Peter Howell", - "5728177f2ca10214002d9db1": "John Debney", - "5728177f2ca10214002d9db2": "Seventh Doctor's era", - "5728177f2ca10214002d9db3": "John Debney", - "572817802ca10214002d9db4": "The Christmas Invasion", + "5728177f2ca10214002d9db1": "Ron Grainer", + "5728177f2ca10214002d9db2": "Ron Grainer", + "5728177f2ca10214002d9db3": "Ron Grainer", + "572817802ca10214002d9db4": "\"The Christmas Invasion", "5728185f3acd2414000df45b": "Voyage of the Damned", - "5728185f3acd2414000df45d": "Classic FM's Hall of Fame", - "5728185f3acd2414000df45c": "Voyage of the Damned\"; Gold", - "5728185f3acd2414000df45e": "228 of radio station Classic FM's Hall of Fame", - "5728185f3acd2414000df45f": "Voyage of the Damned\"; Gold", + "5728185f3acd2414000df45d": "Classic FM", + "5728185f3acd2414000df45c": "\"Voyage of the Damned\"", + "5728185f3acd2414000df45e": "228", + "5728185f3acd2414000df45f": "The Day of the Doctor", "572819864b864d190016447e": "Jon Pertwee", "572819864b864d190016447f": "Jon Pertwee", "572819864b864d1900164480": "24", - "572819864b864d1900164481": "pop music over the years. In the early 1970s, Jon Pertwee", + "572819864b864d1900164481": "Jon Pertwee", "572819864b864d1900164482": "Jon Pertwee", "57281a952ca10214002d9dea": "Dudley Simpson", "57281a952ca10214002d9deb": "Planet of Giants", - "57281a952ca10214002d9dec": "1964) and he went on to write music for many adventures of the 1960s and 1970s", + "57281a952ca10214002d9dec": "1960s and 1970s", "57281a952ca10214002d9ded": "Planet of Giants", "57281a952ca10214002d9dee": "Talons of Weng-Chiang", - "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfa": "Murray Gold and Ben Foster", - "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfb": "Murray Gold and Ben Foster", + "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfa": "Ben Foster", + "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfb": "David Tennant", "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfc": "27 July 2008", - "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfd": "Freema Agyeman", + "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfd": "Music of the Spheres", "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfe": "Murray Gold and Ben Foster", "57281cb22ca10214002d9e1e": "Six", - "57281cb22ca10214002d9e1f": "the second and third", - "57281cb22ca10214002d9e20": "third and fourth series respectively. The fourth was released on 4 October 2010 as a two disc special edition and contained music from the 2008\u20132010 specials", - "57281cb22ca10214002d9e21": "A Christmas Carol\"", + "57281cb22ca10214002d9e1f": "specials", + "57281cb22ca10214002d9e20": "A Christmas Carol", + "57281cb22ca10214002d9e21": "A Christmas Carol", "57281cb22ca10214002d9e22": "8 November 2010", "57281f203acd2414000df4f5": "The Day of the Doctor", - "57281f203acd2414000df4f6": "DW", - "57281f203acd2414000df4f7": "TARDIS insignia removed and the font", + "57281f203acd2414000df4f6": "Eleventh Doctor", + "57281f203acd2414000df4f7": "current Doctor Who logo", "57281f203acd2414000df4f8": "The logo from 1973\u201380", - "57281f203acd2414000df4f9": "The Day of the Doctor\" during the Eleventh Doctor's run. The logo used in the television movie featuring the Eighth Doctor", - "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9c": "John F. Kennedy", - "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9d": "John F. Kennedy", - "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9e": "late 1970s", + "57281f203acd2414000df4f9": "The Day of the Doctor", + "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9c": "the assassination of John F. Kennedy", + "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9d": "on the BBC's mainstream BBC One channel", + "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9e": "the late 1970s", "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9f": "1964\u20131965", - "57282036ff5b5019007d9da0": "mainstream BBC One channel", - "572821ceff5b5019007d9db2": "1985", - "572821ceff5b5019007d9db3": "poor", - "572821ceff5b5019007d9db4": "BBC Board of Control", - "572821ceff5b5019007d9db5": "poor", + "57282036ff5b5019007d9da0": "BBC Three", + "572821ceff5b5019007d9db2": "1979", + "572821ceff5b5019007d9db3": "BBC Board of Control", + "572821ceff5b5019007d9db4": "Coronation Street", + "572821ceff5b5019007d9db5": "most", "572821ceff5b5019007d9db6": "2005", "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd4": "The Five Doctors", - "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd5": "New Zealand", + "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd5": "New Zealand in November, after the first episode had been shown in the UK", "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd6": "Edmonton, Canada", "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd7": "15", "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd8": "23 November", - "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed6": "ABC)", + "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed6": "Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC)", "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed7": "partial funding", - "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed8": "Australian Broadcasting Corporation", + "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed8": "BBC UKTV, SF and later on SyFy", "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed9": "partial funding", - "5728245b2ca10214002d9eda": "the Australian Broadcasting Corporation", + "5728245b2ca10214002d9eda": "Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC)", "572825714b864d1900164590": "1976", "572825714b864d1900164591": "Judith Merril", - "572825714b864d1900164592": "YTV. CBC", + "572825714b864d1900164592": "YTV.", "572825714b864d1900164593": "Talons of Weng-Chiang", "572825714b864d1900164594": "Judith Merril", "572826762ca10214002d9f2c": "Christopher Eccleston", - "572826762ca10214002d9f2d": "Billie Piper", - "572826762ca10214002d9f2e": "The Christmas Invasion", + "572826762ca10214002d9f2d": "excerpts from the Doctor Who Confidential documentary", + "572826762ca10214002d9f2e": "\"The Christmas Invasion\"", "572826762ca10214002d9f2f": "9 October 2006", "572826762ca10214002d9f30": "The Christmas Invasion", "5728274cff5b5019007d9e26": "United Kingdom, Australia, Canada and the United States", - "5728274cff5b5019007d9e27": "Eight original series serials have been released on Laserdisc and many have also been released on Betamax tape and Video 2000", - "5728274cff5b5019007d9e28": "Blu-ray", + "5728274cff5b5019007d9e27": "Betamax tape and Video 2000", + "5728274cff5b5019007d9e28": "Doctor Who (The Infinite Quest", "5728274cff5b5019007d9e29": "Spearhead", - "5728274cff5b5019007d9e2a": "1970 story Spearhead", - "572828383acd2414000df5c3": "David Banks", - "572828383acd2414000df5c4": "David Banks", - "572828383acd2414000df5c5": "Trevor Martin played the role in Doctor Who and the Daleks", + "5728274cff5b5019007d9e2a": "2009", + "572828383acd2414000df5c3": "Trevor Martin", + "572828383acd2414000df5c4": "Doctor Who \u2013 The Ultimate Adventure", + "572828383acd2414000df5c5": "Trevor Martin", "572828383acd2414000df5c6": "Doctor Who \u2013 The Ultimate Adventure", "572828383acd2414000df5c7": "David Banks", "572829532ca10214002d9fa2": "Torchwood", "572829532ca10214002d9fa3": "22 October 2006", - "572829532ca10214002d9fa4": "22 October 2006", - "572829532ca10214002d9fa5": "Martha Jones", - "572829532ca10214002d9fa6": "Miracle Day jointly produced by BBC Wales, BBC Worldwide and the American entertainment company Starz", - "57282f204b864d190016468a": "Elisabeth Sladen who reprised her role as investigative journalist Sarah Jane Smith", + "572829532ca10214002d9fa4": "2008", + "572829532ca10214002d9fa5": "Children of Earth which was set largely in London. A fourth series, Torchwood: Miracle Day", + "572829532ca10214002d9fa6": "Torchwood: Miracle Day", + "57282f204b864d190016468a": "Elisabeth Sladen", "57282f204b864d190016468b": "24 September 2007", - "57282f204b864d190016468c": "2008", - "57282f204b864d190016468d": "24 September 2007", + "57282f204b864d190016468c": "2011", + "57282f204b864d190016468d": "2010", "57282f204b864d190016468e": "the death of Elisabeth Sladen", "5728303e4b864d19001646aa": "Dimensions in Time", "5728303e4b864d19001646ab": "Children in Need", "5728303e4b864d19001646ac": "EastEnders", - "5728303e4b864d19001646ad": "one darkened lens", - "5728303e4b864d19001646ae": "one darkened lens", - "572831512ca10214002da04a": "Rowan Atkinson) encounters both the Master (Jonathan Pryce) and the Daleks", + "5728303e4b864d19001646ad": "glasses with one darkened lens", + "5728303e4b864d19001646ae": "the Pulfrich effect", + "572831512ca10214002da04a": "Curse of Fatal Death", "572831512ca10214002da04b": "four", - "572831512ca10214002da04c": "Rowan Atkinson", - "572831512ca10214002da04d": "Rowan Atkinson) encounters both the Master (Jonathan Pryce) and the Daleks", - "572831512ca10214002da04e": "Jonathan Pryce) and the Daleks", + "572831512ca10214002da04c": "Richard E. Grant", + "572831512ca10214002da04d": "Richard E. Grant", + "572831512ca10214002da04e": "executive producer", "572833662ca10214002da086": "The Next Generation", - "572833662ca10214002da087": "Oliver on Coupling", + "572833662ca10214002da087": "Robot Chicken", "572833662ca10214002da088": "Queer as Folk", - "572833662ca10214002da089": "Oliver on Coupling (created and written by current show runner Steven Moffat", - "572833662ca10214002da08a": "Oliver on Coupling", - "572834524b864d1900164716": "The Chase released in 1966. Ten years later, the first original Doctor Who audio was released on LP record; Doctor Who and the Pescatons", + "572833662ca10214002da089": "Oliver", + "572833662ca10214002da08a": "Brisingr and High Wizardry", + "572834524b864d1900164716": "The Chase", "572834524b864d1900164717": "Ten years", - "572834524b864d1900164718": "original Doctor Who audio was released on LP record; Doctor Who and the Pescatons", + "572834524b864d1900164718": "The Chase", "572834524b864d1900164719": "1966", - "572834524b864d190016471a": "Pescatons", - "572835854b864d190016472e": "Big Finish Productions has released several different series of Doctor Who audios on CD. The earliest of these featured the Fifth, Sixth and Seventh Doctors", - "572835854b864d190016472f": "Big Finish Productions has released several different series of Doctor Who audios on CD. The earliest of these featured the Fifth, Sixth and Seventh Doctors", + "572834524b864d190016471a": "Slipback", + "572835854b864d190016472e": "Doctor Who audios on CD. The earliest of these featured the Fifth, Sixth and Seventh Doctors", + "572835854b864d190016472f": "Destiny of the Doctor", "572835854b864d1900164730": "Big Finish Productions", "572835854b864d1900164731": "1999", "572835854b864d1900164732": "2012", "572836732ca10214002da0dc": "1991", - "572836732ca10214002da0dd": "1965 to 1991", - "572836732ca10214002da0de": "Panini, as is the Doctor Who Adventures magazine for younger fans", + "572836732ca10214002da0dd": "the mid-sixties", + "572836732ca10214002da0de": "since 1979", "572836732ca10214002da0df": "Panini", "572836732ca10214002da0e0": "Panini", - "572837402ca10214002da0f4": "early 1960s", + "572837402ca10214002da0f4": "1960s", "572837402ca10214002da0f5": "BBC Television", - "572837402ca10214002da0f6": "BBC takes no position on the canonicity of any of such stories, and producers of the show", - "572837402ca10214002da0f7": "BBC", - "572838323acd2414000df737": "2011", - "572838323acd2414000df738": "2005\u20132010) awards at the National Television Awards during Russell T Davies' tenure as executive producer. In 2011", + "572837402ca10214002da0f6": "the BBC", + "572837402ca10214002da0f7": "the BBC", + "572838323acd2414000df737": "2006", + "572838323acd2414000df738": "2005\u20132010", "572838323acd2414000df739": "2011", "572838323acd2414000df73a": "Matt Smith", - "572838323acd2414000df73b": "BAFTA Television Award", - "57283a392ca10214002da118": "Guinness World Records as the longest-running science fiction television show in the world", - "57283a392ca10214002da119": "iTunes traffic\u2014 and for the largest ever simulcast of a TV drama with its 50th anniversary special", - "57283a392ca10214002da11a": "electronic music (originally produced by the BBC Radiophonic Workshop", + "572838323acd2414000df73b": "BAFTA", + "57283a392ca10214002da118": "Peabody Awards", + "57283a392ca10214002da119": "50th anniversary special", + "57283a392ca10214002da11a": "electronic music", "57283a392ca10214002da11b": "2013", "57283a392ca10214002da11c": "50th anniversary special", "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa4": "Season 11", - "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa5": "TV60\" series, celebrating 60 years of BBC television broadcasting", - "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa6": "EastEnders", - "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa7": "Auntie Awards\" as the culmination of their \"TV60\" series, celebrating 60 years of BBC television broadcasting", + "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa5": "EastEnders", + "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa6": "third", + "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa7": "SFX magazine", "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa8": "third", - "57283ce72ca10214002da14c": "British television award for which the series has ever been nominated. It was very popular at the BAFTA Cymru Awards", + "57283ce72ca10214002da14c": "British television award", "57283ce72ca10214002da14d": "five", "57283ce72ca10214002da14e": "five", "57283ce72ca10214002da14f": "2009", - "57283ce72ca10214002da150": "a Mind Award at the 2010 Mind Mental Health Media Awards", + "57283ce72ca10214002da150": "Mind Mental Health Media Awards", "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc6": "over 200", "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc7": "over 200", "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc8": "over 200", "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc9": "Matt Smith", - "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fca": "Matt Smith won Best Actor in the 2012 National Television awards alongside Karen Gillan", + "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fca": "Matt Smith", "57283e652ca10214002da166": "Spike Milligan", "57283e652ca10214002da167": "Jon Culshaw", - "57283e652ca10214002da168": "Lenny Henry", - "57283e652ca10214002da16a": "Jon Culshaw frequently impersonates the Fourth Doctor in the BBC Dead Ringers series. Doctor Who fandom", - "57283e652ca10214002da169": "Jon Culshaw frequently impersonates the Fourth Doctor in the BBC Dead Ringers series", + "57283e652ca10214002da168": "sponge", + "57283e652ca10214002da16a": "Jon Culshaw", + "57283e652ca10214002da169": "BBC Dead Ringers series", "57283c464b864d19001647c8": "private research university in Chicago", "57283c464b864d19001647c9": "1890", "57283c464b864d19001647ca": "seven", "57283c464b864d19001647cb": "four", - "57283c464b864d19001647cc": "15,000", - "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbc": "development of various academic disciplines, including: the Chicago school of economics", + "57283c464b864d19001647cc": "5,000 students in the College and around 15,000", + "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbc": "various academic disciplines", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbd": "Chicago's physics department", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbe": "beneath the university's Stagg Field", - "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbf": "Chicago Press", + "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbf": "University of Chicago Press", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fc0": "2020", "57283f014b864d19001647e8": "American Baptist Education Society", "57283f014b864d19001647e9": "John D. Rockefeller", "57283f014b864d19001647ea": "William Rainey Harper", "57283f014b864d19001647eb": "1891", "57283f014b864d19001647ec": "1892", - "57284142ff5b5019007da00a": "Marshall Field", + "57284142ff5b5019007da00a": "John D. Rockefeller", "57284142ff5b5019007da00b": "Silas B. Cobb", "57284142ff5b5019007da00c": "Cobb Lecture Hall", "57284142ff5b5019007da00d": "$100,000", - "57284142ff5b5019007da00e": "John D. Rockefeller", - "572843304b864d1900164848": "Shimer College", + "57284142ff5b5019007da00e": "Charles L. Hutchinson", + "572843304b864d1900164848": "University of Chicago", "572843304b864d1900164849": "1896", - "572843304b864d190016484a": "travel expenses", - "572843304b864d190016484b": "Shimer College", + "572843304b864d190016484a": "took twelve weeks additional study at the University of Chicago", + "572843304b864d190016484b": "Several University of Chicago professors", "572843304b864d190016484c": "1896", "57284456ff5b5019007da05c": "Robert Maynard Hutchins", "57284456ff5b5019007da060": "Common Core", @@ -7977,1629 +7977,1629 @@ "57284456ff5b5019007da05e": "24-year", "57284456ff5b5019007da05d": "1929", "57284618ff5b5019007da0a8": "1950s", - "57284618ff5b5019007da0a9": "increasing crime and poverty", + "57284618ff5b5019007da0a9": "increasing crime and poverty in the Hyde Park neighborhood", "57284618ff5b5019007da0aa": "after their second year", "57284618ff5b5019007da0ab": "Hyde Park", "57284618ff5b5019007da0ac": "attend college", "572847ff3acd2414000df869": "1962", - "572847ff3acd2414000df86a": "over the university's off-campus rental policies", + "572847ff3acd2414000df86a": "off-campus rental policies", "572847ff3acd2414000df86b": "1967", "572847ff3acd2414000df86c": "two", "572847ff3acd2414000df86d": "social and political action", - "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f2": "2008", + "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f2": "the mid-2000s", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f3": "Milton Friedman Institute", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f4": "$200 million", - "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f5": "the Chicago Theological Seminary", + "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f5": "Chicago Theological Seminary", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f6": "David G. Booth", - "57284b904b864d19001648e2": "Chicago campus", - "57284b904b864d19001648e3": "six", - "57284b904b864d19001648e4": "Henry Ives Cobb", + "57284b904b864d19001648e2": "the Main Quadrangles", + "57284b904b864d19001648e3": "six quadrangles", + "57284b904b864d19001648e4": "Cobb, Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge, Holabird & Roche", "57284b904b864d19001648e5": "Magdalen Tower", - "57284b904b864d19001648e6": "Christ Church Hall", - "57284d484b864d1900164900": "1955", + "57284b904b864d19001648e6": "replicates Christ Church Hall", + "57284d484b864d1900164900": "1940s", "57284d484b864d1900164901": "Eero Saarinen", - "57284d484b864d1900164902": "Social Service Administration", - "57284d484b864d1900164903": "Ludwig Mies van der Rohe for the university's School of Social Service Administration", - "57284d484b864d1900164904": "1955", + "57284d484b864d1900164902": "the university's School of Social Service Administration", + "57284d484b864d1900164903": "the university's School of Social Service Administration", + "57284d484b864d1900164904": "2003", "57284e9fff5b5019007da150": "Singapore, London", - "57284e9fff5b5019007da151": "left bank of the Seine", + "57284e9fff5b5019007da151": "Seine", "57284e9fff5b5019007da152": "2010", - "57284e9fff5b5019007da153": "Paris, a campus located on the left bank of the Seine in Paris", + "57284e9fff5b5019007da153": "Renmin University", "57284e9fff5b5019007da154": "2015", "5728501aff5b5019007da166": "a board of trustees", "5728501aff5b5019007da167": "50", - "5728501aff5b5019007da168": "50 members including the university President. Directly beneath the President are the Provost, fourteen", + "5728501aff5b5019007da168": "fourteen", "5728501aff5b5019007da169": "Andrew Alper", "5728501aff5b5019007da16a": "Daniel Diermeier", - "5728510f4b864d1900164936": "The Higher Learning Commission", + "5728510f4b864d1900164936": "Higher Learning Commission", "5728510f4b864d1900164937": "four", "5728510f4b864d1900164938": "seven", "57285213ff5b5019007da180": "50", - "57285213ff5b5019007da181": "50 academic majors and 28", - "57285213ff5b5019007da182": "five", - "57285213ff5b5019007da183": "Social Sciences Collegiate Division, the Humanities Collegiate Division", - "572853e8ff5b5019007da188": "Common Core", - "572853e8ff5b5019007da189": "17 students", - "572853e8ff5b5019007da18a": "intense learning experience", + "57285213ff5b5019007da181": "28", + "57285213ff5b5019007da182": "five divisions", + "57285213ff5b5019007da183": "the New Collegiate Division", + "572853e8ff5b5019007da188": "the Common Core", + "572853e8ff5b5019007da189": "17", + "572853e8ff5b5019007da18a": "most rigorous, intense learning experience", "572853e8ff5b5019007da18b": "Uni in the USA", - "572855973acd2414000df925": "Sonia Shankman Orthogenic School", - "572855973acd2414000df926": "the Sonia Shankman Orthogenic School", + "572855973acd2414000df925": "University of Chicago Laboratory Schools", + "572855973acd2414000df926": "Sonia Shankman Orthogenic School", "572855973acd2414000df927": "four", - "572855973acd2414000df928": "Social Sciences and Humanities, which administers interdisciplinary workshops to provide a forum for graduate students, faculty, and visiting scholars to present scholarly work in progress", - "572855973acd2414000df929": "Chicago campus", - "572856beff5b5019007da190": "9.8 million", + "572855973acd2414000df928": "four public charter schools", + "572855973acd2414000df929": "University of Chicago campus", + "572856beff5b5019007da190": "six", "572856beff5b5019007da191": "9.8 million", "572856beff5b5019007da192": "Regenstein Library", "572856beff5b5019007da193": "2011", - "572856beff5b5019007da194": "1.3 million", - "57285841ff5b5019007da19a": "12 research institutes and 113", - "57285841ff5b5019007da19b": "12 research institutes and 113", + "572856beff5b5019007da194": "more than 1.3 million", + "57285841ff5b5019007da19a": "113", + "57285841ff5b5019007da19b": "113", "57285841ff5b5019007da19c": "Oriental Institute", "57285841ff5b5019007da19d": "Fermilab", - "57285841ff5b5019007da19e": "New Mexico", + "57285841ff5b5019007da19e": "Sunspot, New Mexico", "57286010ff5b5019007da1ca": "shaping ideas about the free market", "57286010ff5b5019007da1cb": "Chicago Pile-1", "57286010ff5b5019007da1cc": "the Miller\u2013Urey experiment", "57286010ff5b5019007da1cd": "1953", - "572861cc4b864d190016495e": "1933 and in Cinema & Media studies since 2000", - "572861cc4b864d190016495f": "1933 and in Cinema & Media studies since 2000", - "572861cc4b864d1900164960": "October 2012", - "572861cc4b864d1900164961": "October 2012", - "572861cc4b864d1900164962": "five years after a $35 million", - "572863363acd2414000df985": "15,244 students overall. In the 2012 Spring Quarter, international students comprised almost 19%", - "572863363acd2414000df986": "5,984", + "572861cc4b864d190016495e": "1933", + "572861cc4b864d190016495f": "2000", + "572861cc4b864d1900164960": "2000", + "572861cc4b864d1900164961": "2002", + "572861cc4b864d1900164962": "Several thousand", + "572863363acd2414000df985": "5,792", + "572863363acd2414000df986": "3,468", "572863363acd2414000df987": "5,984", - "572863363acd2414000df988": "15,244 students overall. In the 2012 Spring Quarter, international students comprised almost 19%", - "572863363acd2414000df989": "ethnic minorities", - "572864542ca10214002da2de": "University Athletic Association", - "572864542ca10214002da2df": "NCAA's Division III as members of the University Athletic Association", - "572864542ca10214002da2e0": "Big Ten Conference", + "572863363acd2414000df988": "3,468", + "572863363acd2414000df989": "international students comprised almost 19% of the overall study body, over 26% of students were domestic ethnic minorities", + "572864542ca10214002da2de": "NCAA's Division III", + "572864542ca10214002da2df": "NCAA's Division III", + "572864542ca10214002da2e0": "Big Ten", "572864542ca10214002da2e1": "Jay Berwanger", - "572864542ca10214002da2e2": "to withdraw from the conference in 1946 after University President Robert Maynard Hutchins de-emphasized varsity athletics in 1939 and dropped football", - "5728659f4b864d190016498a": "400", - "5728659f4b864d190016498b": "University of Chicago College Bowl Team", + "572864542ca10214002da2e2": "football", + "5728659f4b864d190016498a": "over 400", + "5728659f4b864d190016498b": "University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt", "5728659f4b864d190016498c": "University of Chicago College Bowl Team", - "5728659f4b864d190016498d": "Doc Films, organizing committee for the University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt, the twice-weekly student newspaper The Chicago Maroon", - "5728659f4b864d190016498e": "Chicago Scavenger Hunt, the twice-weekly student newspaper The Chicago Maroon", - "5728667eff5b5019007da1fc": "graduate and undergraduate students elected to represent members from their respective academic unit. It is led by an Executive Committee", + "5728659f4b864d190016498d": "Doc Films", + "5728659f4b864d190016498e": "the nation's second oldest continuously running student improvisational theater troupe Off-Off Campus", + "5728667eff5b5019007da1fc": "graduate and undergraduate students", "5728667eff5b5019007da1fd": "an Executive Committee", "5728667eff5b5019007da1fe": "two", "5728667eff5b5019007da1ff": "$2 million", - "572867543acd2414000df9a1": "fifteen fraternities and seven", + "572867543acd2414000df9a1": "ten", "572867543acd2414000df9a2": "seven", "572867543acd2414000df9a3": "Alpha Phi Omega", "572867543acd2414000df9a4": "Four", - "572867543acd2414000df9a5": "Four of the sororities are members of the National Panhellenic Conference, and ten", + "572867543acd2414000df9a5": "ten", "5728683b3acd2414000df9af": "May", - "5728683b3acd2414000df9b0": "1963", + "5728683b3acd2414000df9b0": "1987", "5728683b3acd2414000df9b1": "Festival of the Arts", "5728683b3acd2414000df9b2": "Kuviasungnerk/Kangeiko", - "5728683b3acd2414000df9b3": "Kuviasungnerk/Kangeiko", + "5728683b3acd2414000df9b3": "Summer Breeze", "57286951ff5b5019007da20e": "Satya Nadella", - "57286951ff5b5019007da20f": "Larry Ellison, Goldman Sachs and MF Global CEO as well as former Governor of New Jersey Jon Corzine", + "57286951ff5b5019007da20f": "Satya Nadella", "57286951ff5b5019007da210": "Larry Ellison", - "57286951ff5b5019007da211": "Satya Nadella", - "57286951ff5b5019007da212": "Jon Corzine", - "57286ab72ca10214002da31e": "Saul Alinsky, Obama campaign advisor and top political advisor to President Bill Clinton David Axelrod", - "57286ab72ca10214002da31f": "Bill Clinton David Axelrod", - "57286ab72ca10214002da320": "Bill Clinton David Axelrod", + "57286951ff5b5019007da211": "MF", + "57286951ff5b5019007da212": "James O. McKinsey, Arley D. Cathey", + "57286ab72ca10214002da31e": "Saul Alinsky", + "57286ab72ca10214002da31f": "Saul Alinsky", + "57286ab72ca10214002da320": "Robert Bork, Attorney General Ramsey Clark", "57286ab72ca10214002da321": "Masaaki Shirakawa", "57286ab72ca10214002da322": "Eliot Ness", - "57286bf84b864d19001649d4": "Allan Bloom", + "57286bf84b864d19001649d4": "Saul Bellow, political philosopher, literary critic and author of the New York Times bestseller \"The Closing of the American Mind\" Allan Bloom", "57286bf84b864d19001649d6": "Kurt Vonnegut", "57286bf84b864d19001649d2": "Philip Roth", "57286bf84b864d19001649d5": "Allan Bloom", "57286bf84b864d19001649d3": "Philip Roth", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e0": "Philip Glass", - "57286d7d4b864d19001649e1": "Alex Seropian", + "57286d7d4b864d19001649e1": "Katherine Dunham", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e2": "Halo", - "57286d7d4b864d19001649e3": "Sarah Koenig", + "57286d7d4b864d19001649e3": "Ed Asner", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e4": "Mike Nichols", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d1": "Carl Sagan", - "57286ec63acd2414000df9d2": "John M. Grunsfeld, geneticist James Watson", - "57286ec63acd2414000df9d3": "physicist Luis Alvarez", - "57286ec63acd2414000df9d4": "John B. Goodenough, mathematician and Fields Medal recipient Paul Joseph Cohen, and geochemist Clair Cameron Patterson", - "57286ec63acd2414000df9d5": "lithium-ion battery developer John B. Goodenough, mathematician and Fields Medal recipient Paul Joseph Cohen, and geochemist Clair Cameron Patterson", + "57286ec63acd2414000df9d2": "John M. Grunsfeld", + "57286ec63acd2414000df9d3": "David Suzuki", + "57286ec63acd2414000df9d4": "John B. Goodenough", + "57286ec63acd2414000df9d5": "Clair Cameron Patterson", "572870b2ff5b5019007da222": "Milton Friedman", - "572870b2ff5b5019007da223": "Thomas Sowell", + "572870b2ff5b5019007da223": "Margaret Thatcher", "572870b2ff5b5019007da224": "Paul Samuelson", - "572870b2ff5b5019007da225": "Paul Samuelson, the first American to win the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, and Eugene Fama", + "572870b2ff5b5019007da225": "Thomas Sowell", "572871bc4b864d1900164a04": "David Graeber and Donald Johanson", - "572871bc4b864d1900164a05": "Harold Innis, chess grandmaster Samuel Reshevsky", - "572871bc4b864d1900164a06": "Harold Innis, chess grandmaster Samuel Reshevsky", - "572872dd2ca10214002da37e": "Luis Walter Alvarez", - "572872dd2ca10214002da37f": "Arthur H. Compton, the creator of the first nuclear reactor Enrico Fermi, \"the father of the hydrogen bomb\" Edward Teller", - "572872dd2ca10214002da380": "Robert A. Millikan, discoverer of the Compton Effect Arthur H. Compton", + "572871bc4b864d1900164a05": "Reshevsky", + "572871bc4b864d1900164a06": "Samuel Reshevsky, and conservative international relations scholar and White House Coordinator of Security Planning for the National Security Council Samuel P. Huntington", + "572872dd2ca10214002da37e": "A. Michelson", + "572872dd2ca10214002da37f": "Robert A. Millikan", + "572872dd2ca10214002da380": "Enrico Fermi", "572872dd2ca10214002da381": "Edward Teller", "572872dd2ca10214002da382": "Maria Goeppert-Mayer", - "5728742cff5b5019007da246": "James Henry Breasted, mathematician Alberto Calder\u00f3n", - "5728742cff5b5019007da247": "Egyptologist James Henry Breasted, mathematician Alberto Calder\u00f3n", - "5728742cff5b5019007da248": "Egyptologist James Henry Breasted, mathematician Alberto Calder\u00f3n, Nobel prize winning economist and classical liberalism defender Friedrich Hayek", + "5728742cff5b5019007da246": "James Henry Breasted", + "5728742cff5b5019007da247": "James Henry Breasted", + "5728742cff5b5019007da248": "James Henry Breasted", "5728742cff5b5019007da249": "Glenn T. Seaborg", - "5728742cff5b5019007da24a": "Charles Brenton Huggins", + "5728742cff5b5019007da24a": "Charles Brenton Huggins and Janet Rowley", "5728759cff5b5019007da25b": "Raghuram Rajan", - "5728759cff5b5019007da25a": "Goldman Sachs Chairman and CEO Hank Paulson", + "5728759cff5b5019007da25a": "Goldman Sachs", "5728759cff5b5019007da25c": "David Bevington", - "5728759cff5b5019007da25d": "John Mearsheimer", - "5728759cff5b5019007da25e": "historian Dipesh Chakrabarty", - "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b6": "D\u00e0 Yu\u00e1n", - "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b7": "D\u00e0 Yu\u00e1n", + "5728759cff5b5019007da25d": "John Mearsheimer and Robert Pape.", + "5728759cff5b5019007da25e": "Neil Shubin and Paul Sereno", + "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b6": "Yu\u00e1n Ch\u00e1o), officially the Great Yuan", + "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b7": "the Great Yuan", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b8": "Kublai Khan", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b9": "Kublai Khan", - "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1ba": "1368", - "572860e03acd2414000df977": "M\u00f6ngke Khan", + "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1ba": "1271", + "572860e03acd2414000df977": "Mongol", "572860e03acd2414000df978": "Ming", "572860e03acd2414000df979": "Ming", "572860e03acd2414000df97a": "Genghis Khan", "57286192ff5b5019007da1dc": "1271", - "57286192ff5b5019007da1dd": "Kublai Khan", - "57286192ff5b5019007da1de": "D\u00e0 Yu\u00e1n", + "57286192ff5b5019007da1dd": "Yeke Mongghul Ulus", + "57286192ff5b5019007da1de": "Yeke Mongghul Ulus", "57286192ff5b5019007da1df": "Great Yuan Great Mongol State", - "57286192ff5b5019007da1e0": "D\u00e0 Yu\u00e1n\" (\u5927\u5143) is from the sentence \"\u5927\u54c9\u4e7e\u5143\" (d\u00e0 zai Qi\u00e1n Yu\u00e1n / \"Great is Qi\u00e1n", - "572863c72ca10214002da2d4": "Mongol and Turkic tribes", + "57286192ff5b5019007da1e0": "Great Khan", + "572863c72ca10214002da2d4": "Mongol and Turkic", "572863c72ca10214002da2d5": "1206", "572863c72ca10214002da2d6": "\u00d6gedei Khan", "572863c72ca10214002da2d7": "1206", - "572863c72ca10214002da2d8": "Xingzhou", - "572864dd4b864d1900164976": "Jin", - "572864dd4b864d1900164977": "Liu Heima", - "572864dd4b864d1900164978": "Liu Heima", + "572863c72ca10214002da2d8": "unable to read Chinese", + "572864dd4b864d1900164976": "the Jin", + "572864dd4b864d1900164977": "Khitan Xiao Zhala", + "572864dd4b864d1900164978": "Khitan", "572864dd4b864d1900164979": "10,000", - "572864dd4b864d190016497a": "4 Han Tumens and 3 Khitan Tumens, with each Tumen consisting of 10,000 troops. The three", + "572864dd4b864d190016497a": "4", "5728661e2ca10214002da2e8": "Han Chinese", - "5728661e2ca10214002da2e9": "Jin dynasty", + "5728661e2ca10214002da2e9": "Jin", "5728661e2ca10214002da2ea": "Han and Jurchen", "5728661e2ca10214002da2eb": "Shi Bingzhi", - "5728661e2ca10214002da2ec": "the Jin dynasty and defected to the Mongols helped build the structure for the administration of the new state. Chagaan", + "5728661e2ca10214002da2ec": "Jin dynasty", "572867212ca10214002da2f2": "M\u00f6ngke Khan", "572867212ca10214002da2f3": "southern China", "572867212ca10214002da2f4": "1259", "572867212ca10214002da2f5": "Ariq B\u00f6ke", - "572867212ca10214002da2f6": "the Chinese era name of Zhongtong", + "572867212ca10214002da2f6": "Zhongtong", "572867d72ca10214002da2fc": "Kublai Khan", - "572867d72ca10214002da2fd": "south", - "572867d72ca10214002da2fe": "the hostage prince Wonjong", - "572867d72ca10214002da2ff": "south", + "572867d72ca10214002da2fd": "in the south", + "572867d72ca10214002da2fe": "prince Wonjong", + "572867d72ca10214002da2ff": "the northeast", "572867d72ca10214002da300": "1262", - "572869b84b864d19001649ae": "paper money", - "572869b84b864d19001649b0": "Imperial Secretariat", + "572869b84b864d19001649ae": "preserving Mongol interests in China and satisfying the demands of his Chinese subjects", + "572869b84b864d19001649b0": "Chinese dynasties", "572869b84b864d19001649b2": "Han Chinese", - "572869b84b864d19001649b1": "three, later four", + "572869b84b864d19001649b1": "three", "572869b84b864d19001649af": "salt and iron", - "57286b003acd2414000df9c1": "Karakorum", - "57286b003acd2414000df9c2": "Karakorum", + "57286b003acd2414000df9c1": "Karakorum in Mongolia", + "57286b003acd2414000df9c2": "Khanbaliq", "57286b003acd2414000df9c3": "1264", - "57286b003acd2414000df9c4": "Karakorum in Mongolia", + "57286b003acd2414000df9c4": "Zhongdu", "57286b003acd2414000df9c5": "Confucian propriety and ancestor veneration", - "57286bb84b864d19001649c8": "paper banknotes", - "57286bb84b864d19001649c9": "peace", + "57286bb84b864d19001649c8": "commercial, scientific, and cultural", + "57286bb84b864d19001649c9": "Mongol peace", "57286bb84b864d19001649ca": "southern China", - "57286bb84b864d19001649cb": "Daidu in the north", + "57286bb84b864d19001649cb": "southern China", "57286bb84b864d19001649cc": "Marco Polo", "57286c8cff5b5019007da218": "the Song Emperor to Quzhou", "57286c8cff5b5019007da219": "1115\u20131234", "57286c8cff5b5019007da21a": "1234", - "57286c8cff5b5019007da21b": "Kong Duanyou's brother Kong Duancao", - "57286c8cff5b5019007da21c": "two", - "57286d4f2ca10214002da328": "Yangzi River basin", - "57286d4f2ca10214002da329": "1273", - "57286d4f2ca10214002da32a": "the rich Yangzi River basin", + "57286c8cff5b5019007da21b": "Jin dynasty (1115\u20131234) in the north appointed Kong Duanyou's brother Kong Duancao", + "57286c8cff5b5019007da21c": "30,000", + "57286d4f2ca10214002da328": "Xiangyang", + "57286d4f2ca10214002da329": "between 1268 and 1273", + "57286d4f2ca10214002da32a": "Yangzi River basin", "57286d4f2ca10214002da32b": "Hangzhou", "57286d4f2ca10214002da32c": "drowned", "57286dfa2ca10214002da332": "1279", - "57286dfa2ca10214002da333": "Mishandled military expeditions followed the financial problems. Kublai's second invasion of Japan in 1281 failed", - "57286dfa2ca10214002da334": "Vietnam", - "57286dfa2ca10214002da335": "Battle of B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng (1288", - "57286dfa2ca10214002da336": "1279", + "57286dfa2ca10214002da333": "an inauspicious typhoon", + "57286dfa2ca10214002da334": "Vietnam after the Mongol invasion of the Song and they helped the Tran fight against the Mongol invasion. The Tran dynasty originated from the Fujian region of China", + "57286dfa2ca10214002da335": "Battle of B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng", + "57286dfa2ca10214002da336": "Battle of B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng (1288", "57286ead2ca10214002da346": "1253", - "57286ead2ca10214002da347": "Zhenjin", - "57286ead2ca10214002da348": "1285", + "57286ead2ca10214002da347": "Tem\u00fcr Khan", + "57286ead2ca10214002da348": "before Kublai in 1285", "57286ead2ca10214002da349": "Emperor Chengzong", - "57286ead2ca10214002da34a": "1294 to 1307", + "57286ead2ca10214002da34a": "1307", "57286f373acd2414000df9db": "Buyantu Khan", - "57286f373acd2414000df9dc": "Li Meng, a Confucian academic. He made many reforms", + "57286f373acd2414000df9dc": "actively support and adopt mainstream Chinese culture", "57286f373acd2414000df9dd": "Li Meng", - "57286f373acd2414000df9de": "State Affairs", + "57286f373acd2414000df9de": "Department of State Affairs", "57286f373acd2414000df9df": "1313", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e5": "Emperor Gegeen Khan", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e6": "1321 to 1323", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e7": "Baiju", - "57286fa83acd2414000df9e8": "the comprehensive institutions of the Great Yuan\"", + "57286fa83acd2414000df9e8": "the comprehensive institutions of the Great Yuan", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e9": "five", - "5728705c2ca10214002da35a": "four days after a banquet", + "5728705c2ca10214002da35a": "in Shangdu", "5728705c2ca10214002da35b": "the War of the Two Capitals", "5728705c2ca10214002da35c": "four days", - "5728705c2ca10214002da35d": "poison", - "5728705c2ca10214002da35e": "Ragibagh", + "5728705c2ca10214002da35d": "El Tem\u00fcr", + "5728705c2ca10214002da35e": "Yes\u00fcn Tem\u00fcr's son Ragibagh", "5728710c3acd2414000df9ef": "cultural contribution", - "5728710c3acd2414000df9f0": "the Pavilion of the Star of Literature", - "5728710c3acd2414000df9f1": "1329", - "5728710c3acd2414000df9f2": "Chinese learning", - "5728710c3acd2414000df9f3": "Buddhism", + "5728710c3acd2414000df9f0": "Academy of the Pavilion of the Star of Literature", + "5728710c3acd2414000df9f1": "spring of 1329", + "5728710c3acd2414000df9f2": "Pavilion of the Star of Literature", + "5728710c3acd2414000df9f3": "Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa03": "1332", - "572871bd3acd2414000dfa04": "Emperor Ningzong", + "572871bd3acd2414000dfa04": "El Tem\u00fcr", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa05": "13-year-old", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa06": "nine", - "572871bd3acd2414000dfa07": "the Liao", + "572871bd3acd2414000dfa07": "the Liao, Jin, and Song dynasties", "572872822ca10214002da374": "famine", - "572872822ca10214002da375": "too Chinese", - "572872822ca10214002da376": "the army and the populace", - "572872822ca10214002da377": "famine", - "572872822ca10214002da378": "short and marked by intrigues and rivalries", - "57287338ff5b5019007da232": "1340s", + "572872822ca10214002da375": "Mongol lands across Asia, while the Mongols beyond the Middle Kingdom saw them as too Chinese", + "572872822ca10214002da376": "both the army and the populace", + "572872822ca10214002da377": "Outlaws ravaged the country without interference from the weakening Yuan armies", + "572872822ca10214002da378": "administration", + "57287338ff5b5019007da232": "late 1340s", "57287338ff5b5019007da233": "Red Turban Rebellion", "57287338ff5b5019007da234": "fear of betrayal", - "57287338ff5b5019007da235": "Red Turban rebels", - "57287338ff5b5019007da236": "1368", - "572878942ca10214002da3a2": "Ilkhanate, encouraged this development. Buddhism", - "572878942ca10214002da3a3": "Buddhism", - "572878942ca10214002da3a4": "Ilkhanate, encouraged this development. Buddhism", - "572878942ca10214002da3a5": "carrots, turnips, new varieties of lemons, eggplants, and melons, high-quality granulated sugar, and cotton", - "572879574b864d1900164a14": "Western musical instruments were introduced to enrich Chinese performing arts", - "572879574b864d1900164a15": "Tibetan Buddhism", + "57287338ff5b5019007da235": "Red Turban rebels, Toghun Tem\u00fcr", + "57287338ff5b5019007da236": "1368\u20131644", + "572878942ca10214002da3a2": "the communications between Yuan dynasty and its ally and subordinate in Persia, the Ilkhanate", + "572878942ca10214002da3a3": "the communications between Yuan dynasty and its ally and subordinate in Persia, the Ilkhanate", + "572878942ca10214002da3a4": "the Ilkhanate", + "572878942ca10214002da3a5": "cotton", + "572879574b864d1900164a14": "Western", + "572879574b864d1900164a15": "Tibetan", "572879574b864d1900164a16": "Tibetan", - "572879574b864d1900164a17": "Tibetan Buddhism) flourished, although Taoism endured certain persecutions in favor of Buddhism from the Yuan government. Confucian", + "572879574b864d1900164a17": "Confucian", "572879574b864d1900164a18": "travel literature, cartography, geography, and scientific education", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a28": "Marco Polo", - "57287b4a4b864d1900164a29": "Cambaluc,\" the capital of the Great Khan", - "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2a": "Marco Polo", - "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2b": "Il milione", - "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2c": "Marco Polo's accounts due to the lack of mentioning the Great Wall of China, tea houses", + "57287b4a4b864d1900164a29": "the Great Khan", + "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2a": "Travels of Marco Polo", + "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2b": "Travels of Marco Polo", + "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2c": "Persian traders since many of the places he named were in Persian", "57287c142ca10214002da3d0": "Guo Shoujing", - "57287c142ca10214002da3d1": "365", - "57287c142ca10214002da3d2": "Road and water communications were reorganized and improved", - "57287c142ca10214002da3d3": "Beijing became the terminus of the Grand Canal of China", - "57287c142ca10214002da3d4": "food crop, sorghum", + "57287c142ca10214002da3d1": "365.2425 days", + "57287c142ca10214002da3d2": "To provide against possible famines, granaries were ordered built throughout the empire", + "57287c142ca10214002da3d3": "Beijing", + "57287c142ca10214002da3d4": "food", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3da": "non-native Chinese people", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3db": "Eternal Heaven", - "57287ccb2ca10214002da3dc": "the Song dynasty", - "57287ccb2ca10214002da3dd": "the Song dynasty and the Ming dynasty", - "57287ccb2ca10214002da3de": "second-class citizens", + "57287ccb2ca10214002da3dc": "Yuan dynasty is usually considered to be the legitimate dynasty between the Song dynasty and the Ming dynasty", + "57287ccb2ca10214002da3dd": "Yuan dynasty", + "57287ccb2ca10214002da3de": "foreign domination", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e4": "Han Chinese, Khitans, Jurchens, Mongols, and Tibetan Buddhists", - "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e5": "Yuan bureaucracy actually consisted of a mix of elements from different cultures. The Chinese-style elements of the bureaucracy mainly came from the native Tang", - "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e6": "Han Chinese, Khitans, Jurchens, Mongols, and Tibetan Buddhists", - "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e7": "Chinese tripartite division of authority among civil, military, and censorial offices, including the Central Secretariat", + "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e5": "Khitan Liao and Jurchen Jin dynasties", + "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e6": "Liu Bingzhong and Yao Shu", + "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e7": "Chinese tripartite division", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e8": "Han Chinese, Khitans, Jurchens, Mongols, and Tibetan Buddhists", - "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa3f": "the Ministry of Justice, did not extend to legal cases involving Mongols and Semuren", + "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa3f": "the Privy Council", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa40": "since the Sui and Tang dynasties", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa41": "Mongols and Semuren", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa42": "Mongols and Semuren", "57287e512ca10214002da3f8": "1269", "57287e512ca10214002da3f9": "Mongolian, Tibetan, and Chinese", - "57287e512ca10214002da3fa": "generally converse", + "57287e512ca10214002da3fa": "Most of the Emperors could not master written Chinese", "57287e512ca10214002da3fb": "Tugh Temur", - "57287e512ca10214002da3fc": "Emperor Wenzong", + "57287e512ca10214002da3fc": "'Phags-pa script", "57287ee3ff5b5019007da274": "1290", "57287ee3ff5b5019007da275": "1291", - "57287ee3ff5b5019007da276": "costs of equipping and dispatching men for their tours of duty. The Mongols practiced debt slavery", - "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa51": "poetry, painting, and calligraphy into a unified piece of the type that tends to come to mind when people think of classical Chinese art", - "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa52": "painting, poetry", - "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa53": "Tang dynasty and Song dynasty", - "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa54": "poetry", - "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa55": "poetry", - "57287fec4b864d1900164a3c": "Yuan dynasty", + "57287ee3ff5b5019007da276": "by costs of equipping and dispatching men for their tours of duty", + "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa51": "Chinese art", + "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa52": "painting, poetry, and calligraphy", + "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa53": "Tang dynasty", + "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa54": "qu", + "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa55": "zaju", + "57287fec4b864d1900164a3c": "western khanates, the Yuan dynasty", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3d": "Buddhism", - "57287fec4b864d1900164a3e": "Tibetan variants. As a result, Tibetan Buddhism", + "57287fec4b864d1900164a3e": "Tibetan Buddhism", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3f": "Khanbaliq", - "57287fec4b864d1900164a40": "de facto state religion", - "5728804b4b864d1900164a46": "1249\u20131314", - "5728804b4b864d1900164a47": "1249\u20131314", + "57287fec4b864d1900164a40": "Sakya", + "5728804b4b864d1900164a46": "1249", + "5728804b4b864d1900164a47": "1314", "5728804b4b864d1900164a48": "matrices", - "5728804b4b864d1900164a49": "mathematicians", + "5728804b4b864d1900164a49": "polynomial algebra", "5728804b4b864d1900164a4a": "1303", "5728809f2ca10214002da40c": "mathematics", - "5728809f2ca10214002da40d": "cubic interpolation formula for his astronomical calculations", + "5728809f2ca10214002da40d": "cubic interpolation formula", "5728809f2ca10214002da40e": "Shoushi Li", "5728809f2ca10214002da40f": "Shoushi Li", "5728809f2ca10214002da410": "1281", - "572881022ca10214002da416": "Mongol shamans", - "572881022ca10214002da417": "herbal remedies, which was distinguished from the spiritual cures of Mongol shamanism", + "572881022ca10214002da416": "non-Mongol physicians called otachi and traditional Mongol shamans", + "572881022ca10214002da417": "herbal remedies", "572881022ca10214002da418": "herbal remedies", - "572881022ca10214002da419": "Imperial Academy of Medicine", - "572881022ca10214002da41a": "because it ensured a high income and medical ethics were compatible with Confucian virtues", - "572881704b864d1900164a50": "Four Great Schools\" that the Yuan inherited from the Jin dynasty. All four", - "572881704b864d1900164a51": "advocated different theoretical approaches toward medicine", - "572881704b864d1900164a52": "to other parts of the empire", - "572881704b864d1900164a53": "acupuncture, moxibustion, pulse diagnosis", - "572881704b864d1900164a54": "1277\u20131347", + "572881022ca10214002da419": "the Imperial Academy of Medicine", + "572881022ca10214002da41a": "ensured a high income and medical ethics", + "572881704b864d1900164a50": "All four", + "572881704b864d1900164a51": "intellectual foundation", + "572881704b864d1900164a52": "military campaigns by the Mongols", + "572881704b864d1900164a53": "acupuncture, moxibustion, pulse diagnosis, and various herbal drugs and elixirs", + "572881704b864d1900164a54": "1347", "572881d34b864d1900164a5a": "Muslim medicine", - "572881d34b864d1900164a5b": "The Nestorian physician Jesus the Interpreter", + "572881d34b864d1900164a5b": "Nestorian physician Jesus the Interpreter", "572881d34b864d1900164a5c": "1263", - "572881d34b864d1900164a5d": "huihui or Muslim medicine", - "572881d34b864d1900164a5e": "The Nestorian physician Jesus the Interpreter", + "572881d34b864d1900164a5d": "humoral system", + "572881d34b864d1900164a5e": "yin-yang", "572882242ca10214002da420": "through Kingdom of Qocho and Tibetan intermediaries", "572882242ca10214002da421": "Wang Zhen", - "572882242ca10214002da422": "12th century", + "572882242ca10214002da422": "the 12th century", "572882242ca10214002da423": "T\u00f6regene Khatun", "572882242ca10214002da424": "1273", "5728827b2ca10214002da42a": "chao", - "5728827b2ca10214002da42b": "paper money of the Yuan. Chao were made from the bark of mulberry trees", + "5728827b2ca10214002da42b": "mulberry trees", "5728827b2ca10214002da42c": "1275", "5728827b2ca10214002da42d": "woodblocks", "5728827b2ca10214002da42e": "1294", "572883153acd2414000dfa6f": "patrimonial feudalism", - "572883153acd2414000dfa70": "patrimonial feudalism", - "572883153acd2414000dfa71": "Central Asia", - "572883153acd2414000dfa72": "fear of transferring power to the ethnic Chinese under their rule", + "572883153acd2414000dfa70": "Mongolian patrimonial feudalism", + "572883153acd2414000dfa71": "various allied groups from Central Asia and the western end of the empire", + "572883153acd2414000dfa72": "strong \"colonial\" coloration", "572883153acd2414000dfa73": "Ilkhanate", "572883a33acd2414000dfa79": "Han Chinese and Khitans", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7a": "Han Chinese and Khitans", - "572883a33acd2414000dfa7b": "Bukhara in Central Asia, using foreigners to curtail the power of the local peoples of both lands", + "572883a33acd2414000dfa7b": "Bukhara", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7c": "artisans and farmers", - "572883a33acd2414000dfa7d": "Mongol appointed Governor of Samarqand was a Qara-Khitay", - "57288428ff5b5019007da28e": "circumcision", - "57288428ff5b5019007da28f": "circumcision", - "57288428ff5b5019007da290": "Zhu Yuanzhang had Muslim generals like Lan Yu", - "57288428ff5b5019007da291": "barracks", - "57288428ff5b5019007da292": "the Yuan loyalist commander Chen Youding", + "572883a33acd2414000dfa7d": "Qara-Khitay (Khitan)", + "57288428ff5b5019007da28e": "Halal slaughter and other Islamic practices like circumcision", + "57288428ff5b5019007da28f": "Kosher", + "57288428ff5b5019007da290": "Zhu Yuanzhang", + "57288428ff5b5019007da291": "thanks", + "57288428ff5b5019007da292": "the Mongols, among the Ming Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang's armies was the Hui Muslim Feng Sheng. The Muslims in the semu class", "5728848cff5b5019007da298": "Frederick W. Mote", "5728848cff5b5019007da299": "social power and wealth", - "5728848cff5b5019007da29a": "social power and wealth", - "5728848cff5b5019007da29b": "less rich Mongol and Semu than there were Mongol and Semu who lived in poverty", + "5728848cff5b5019007da29a": "rich and well socially standing", + "5728848cff5b5019007da29b": "there were less rich Mongol and Semu than there were Mongol and Semu who lived in poverty and were ill treated.", "572885023acd2414000dfa83": "Northern Chinese", "572885023acd2414000dfa84": "Northern Chinese", "572885023acd2414000dfa85": "because southern China withstood", "572885023acd2414000dfa86": "because southern China withstood", "572885023acd2414000dfa87": "private southern Chinese manufacturers and merchants", - "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8d": "Kublai Khan", - "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8e": "Karluk Kara-Khanid ruler, who in turn was ranked higher than the Korean King", - "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8f": "the Korean King", - "5728855d3acd2414000dfa90": "because the Uighurs surrendered to the Mongols first, the Karluks surrendered after the Uighurs, and the Koreans surrendered last", - "572885c44b864d1900164a78": "south-eastern part of present-day Inner Mongolia", - "572885c44b864d1900164a79": "Zhongshu Sheng", - "572885c44b864d1900164a7a": "The Central Region, consisting of present-day Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, the south-eastern part of present-day Inner Mongolia", + "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8d": "the Uighurs of the Kingdom of Qocho", + "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8e": "Karluk Kara-Khanid ruler", + "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8f": "the Uighur King of Qocho", + "5728855d3acd2414000dfa90": "the Uighurs surrendered to the Mongols first", + "572885c44b864d1900164a78": "Central Region", + "572885c44b864d1900164a79": "Central Secretariat (or Zhongshu Sheng)", + "572885c44b864d1900164a7a": "at Khanbaliq", "572885c44b864d1900164a7b": "Beijing", "572885c44b864d1900164a7c": "Zhongshu Sheng) at Khanbaliq", - "5728dab94b864d1900164f96": "the equator", + "5728dab94b864d1900164f96": "the equator and overlies the East African Rift", "5728dab94b864d1900164f97": "East African Community", - "5728dab94b864d1900164f98": "Nairobi", + "5728dab94b864d1900164f98": "Kenya", "5728dab94b864d1900164f99": "Tanzania", - "5728dab94b864d1900164f9a": "45 million people", - "5728de0e2ca10214002da9dc": "humid", + "5728dab94b864d1900164f9a": "45 million", + "5728de0e2ca10214002da9dc": "warm and humid", "5728de0e2ca10214002da9dd": "cooler", - "5728de0e2ca10214002da9de": "Lake Victoria", + "5728de0e2ca10214002da9de": "Mount Kenya", "5728de0e2ca10214002da9df": "Somalia and Ethiopia", "5728de0e2ca10214002da9e0": "safaris", - "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac2": "since the Lower Paleolithic period", + "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac2": "humans since the Lower Paleolithic period", "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac3": "first millennium AD", - "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac4": "Mombasa", + "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac4": "Bantu and Nilotic populations", "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac5": "19th century", "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac6": "December 1963", "5728f5376aef0514001548c4": "Mount Kenya", - "5728f5376aef0514001548c5": "Embu and Kamba words Kirinyaga, Kirenyaa and Kiinyaa", + "5728f5376aef0514001548c5": "Kamba", "5728f5376aef0514001548c6": "God's resting place", - "5728f9342ca10214002dab52": "Kenia", - "5728f9342ca10214002dab53": "to be a corruption of the Kamba version", + "5728f9342ca10214002dab52": "Kenia and Kegnia", + "5728f9342ca10214002dab53": "by most to be a corruption of the Kamba version", "5728f9342ca10214002dab54": "Joseph Thompsons", - "5728f9342ca10214002dab55": "1882 map drawn by Joseph Thompsons, a Scottish geologist and naturalist, indicated Mt. Kenya as Mt. Kenia, 1862", + "5728f9342ca10214002dab55": "1862", "5728f9cf4b864d1900165166": "lion, leopard, buffalo, rhinoceros, and elephant", "5728f9cf4b864d1900165167": "lion, leopard, buffalo, rhinoceros, and elephant", - "5728f9cf4b864d1900165168": "Kenya", - "5728f9cf4b864d1900165169": "June and September", - "5728f9cf4b864d190016516a": "2,900 kilometres", - "5728fa576aef051400154920": "20 million years", + "5728f9cf4b864d1900165168": "Kenya and in the Masai Mara", + "5728f9cf4b864d1900165169": "between June and September", + "5728f9cf4b864d190016516a": "2,900 kilometres (1,802 mi)", + "5728fa576aef051400154920": "more than 20 million years ago", "5728fa576aef051400154921": "Pleistocene epoch", - "5728fa576aef051400154922": "Richard Leakey", - "5728fa576aef051400154923": "1.6-million", + "5728fa576aef051400154922": "Kamoya Kimeu", + "5728fa576aef051400154923": "1.6-million-year-old", "5728fa576aef051400154924": "Mary Leakey and Louis Leakey", - "5728fd9b3f37b31900477f3b": "Mombasa", + "5728fd9b3f37b31900477f3b": "Swahili", "5728fd9b3f37b31900477f3c": "Mombasa", - "5728fd9b3f37b31900477f3d": "Barbosa", - "5728fea1af94a219006a9ef5": "Malindi", + "5728fd9b3f37b31900477f3d": "Duarte Barbosa", + "5728fea1af94a219006a9ef5": "Kenyan Coast", "5728fea1af94a219006a9ef6": "Malindi", "5728fea1af94a219006a9ef7": "14th century", "5729024f1d04691400778f5f": "August 1914", - "5729024f1d04691400778f60": "German East Africa", + "5729024f1d04691400778f60": "governors of British East Africa (as the Protectorate was generally known) and German East Africa", "5729024f1d04691400778f61": "Lt Col Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck", "5729024f1d04691400778f62": "an effective guerrilla warfare campaign", - "5729024f1d04691400778f63": "Northern Rhodesia", + "5729024f1d04691400778f63": "Northern Rhodesia (today Zambia)", "572903d96aef0514001549a4": "central highlands", "572903d96aef0514001549a5": "as itinerant farmers", - "572903d96aef0514001549a6": "a hut tax", + "572903d96aef0514001549a6": "introduced a hut tax", "572903d96aef0514001549a7": "80,000", "5729046aaf94a219006a9f4d": "15 January 1954", - "5729046aaf94a219006a9f4e": "substantial governmental changes to land tenure occurred. The most important of these was the Swynnerton Plan", + "5729046aaf94a219006a9f4e": "defeat of the Mau Mau", "5729046aaf94a219006a9f4f": "24 April 1954", "5729046aaf94a219006a9f50": "4,686", - "5729046aaf94a219006a9f51": "the Swynnerton Plan", + "5729046aaf94a219006a9f51": "Swynnerton Plan", "572906e23f37b31900477f8d": "1957", "572906e23f37b31900477f8e": "Kenya African National Union", - "572906e23f37b31900477f8f": "12 December 1963", - "572906e23f37b31900477f90": "12 months later on 12 December 1964", - "572906e23f37b31900477f91": "Republic of Kenya\"", + "572906e23f37b31900477f8f": "8 October 1963", + "572906e23f37b31900477f90": "1963", + "572906e23f37b31900477f91": "Republic of Kenya", "572909406aef0514001549dc": "queuing", "572909406aef0514001549dd": "widespread agitation for constitutional reform", "572909406aef0514001549de": "Daniel arap Moi", - "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc5": "democratic republic", - "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc6": "democratic republic", + "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc5": "presidential representative democratic republic", + "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc6": "both the head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system.", "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc7": "the government", - "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc8": "the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the National Assembly and the Senate", - "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc9": "democratic republic", + "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc8": "the government and the National Assembly and the Senate", + "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc9": "the judiciary", "57290b21af94a219006a9fcf": "139th out of 176 total countries", "57290b21af94a219006a9fd0": "public sector corruption", - "57290b21af94a219006a9fd1": "139th out of 176 total countries", - "57290b21af94a219006a9fd2": "significant developments with regards to curbing corruption", + "57290b21af94a219006a9fd1": "139th", + "57290b21af94a219006a9fd2": "significant developments", "57290d811d04691400778fcf": "National Unity", - "57290d811d04691400778fd0": "National Unity", - "57290d811d04691400778fd1": "Kibaki closed the gap and then overtook his opponent by a substantial margin after votes from his stronghold arrived later", - "57290d811d04691400778fd2": "ECK for complicity and to Odinga", - "57290e153f37b31900477fd9": "programmes to avoid similar disasters", - "57290e153f37b31900477fda": "Evangelical Lutheran Church", + "57290d811d04691400778fd0": "the main opposition party, the Orange Democratic Movement (ODM)", + "57290d811d04691400778fd1": "Odinga declaring himself the \"people's president\"", + "57290d811d04691400778fd2": "Odinga", + "57290e153f37b31900477fd9": "programmes", + "57290e153f37b31900477fda": "Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission", "57290e153f37b31900477fdb": "Evangelical Lutheran Church in Kenya", "57290e153f37b31900477fdc": "Kenya National Dialogue and Reconciliation process", "57290ee2af94a219006a9fff": "28 February 2008", - "57290ee2af94a219006aa000": "Kenya's second Prime Minister", - "57290ee2af94a219006aa001": "PNU and ODM camps depending on each party's strength in Parliament", - "57290ee2af94a219006aa002": "both PNU and ODM camps", - "57290ee2af94a219006aa003": "until", - "57290f963f37b31900477feb": "co-ordinate and supervise the functions of the Government and will be occupied by an elected MP who will be the leader of the party or coalition", - "57290f963f37b31900477fec": "Annan and his UN-backed panel and African Union chairman Jakaya Kikwete", + "57290ee2af94a219006aa000": "second Prime Minister", + "57290ee2af94a219006aa001": "PNU and ODM camps", + "57290ee2af94a219006aa002": "strength in Parliament", + "57290ee2af94a219006aa003": "until the end of the current Parliament", + "57290f963f37b31900477feb": "The new office of the PM will have power and authority to co-ordinate and supervise the functions of the Government", + "57290f963f37b31900477fec": "Jakaya Kikwete", "57290f963f37b31900477fed": "Nairobi's Harambee House", "57290f963f37b31900477fee": "29 February 2008", - "57290f963f37b31900477fef": "Parliament", - "572913626aef051400154a30": "eliminate the position of Prime Minister and simultaneously reduce the powers of the President", + "57290f963f37b31900477fef": "the two political parties would share power equally", + "572913626aef051400154a30": "would eliminate the position of Prime Minister and simultaneously reduce the powers of the President", "572913626aef051400154a31": "4 August 2010", - "572913626aef051400154a32": "wide margin. Among other things, the new constitution delegates more power to local governments and gives Kenyans a bill of rights", + "572913626aef051400154a32": "would eliminate the position of Prime Minister and simultaneously reduce the powers of the President", "572913626aef051400154a33": "27 August 2010", "572913626aef051400154a34": "the Second Republic", "572914441d04691400779025": "December 2014", - "572914441d04691400779026": "democratic freedoms. The governments of the United States, Britain, Germany and France also collectively issued a press statement cautioning about the law's potential impact", + "572914441d04691400779026": "it infringed on democratic freedoms.", "572914441d04691400779027": "Opposition politicians, human rights groups, and nine Western countries", - "572914441d04691400779028": "democratic freedoms", - "572914441d04691400779029": "Jubillee Coalition", - "572914f46aef051400154a46": "aftermath", + "572914441d04691400779028": "it infringed on democratic freedoms.", + "572914441d04691400779029": "The governments of the United States, Britain, Germany and France", + "572914f46aef051400154a46": "not to visit the country", "572914f46aef051400154a47": "US President Barack Obama", "572914f46aef051400154a48": "China", "572914f46aef051400154a49": "July 2015", - "572915621d0469140077902f": "peacekeeping missions around the world", - "572915621d04691400779030": "violence", - "572915621d04691400779031": "human rights violations", - "572915e43f37b31900478005": "armed forces", - "572915e43f37b31900478006": "less subject to public scrutiny and notoriety", - "572915e43f37b31900478007": "tainted by corruption allegations", - "572915e43f37b31900478008": "credible claims of corruption were made with regard to recruitment and procurement of Armoured Personnel Carriers", + "572915621d0469140077902f": "peacekeeping", + "572915621d04691400779030": "the violence that subsequently engulfed the country", + "572915621d04691400779031": "allegations of human rights violations", + "572915e43f37b31900478005": "Kenya\u2019s armed forces", + "572915e43f37b31900478006": "Because the operations of the armed forces have been traditionally cloaked by the ubiquitous blanket of \u201cstate security\u201d", + "572915e43f37b31900478007": "corruption allegations", + "572915e43f37b31900478008": "wisdom and prudence of certain decisions of procurement", "572916f16aef051400154a56": "Human Development Index", "572916f16aef051400154a57": "Kenya", - "572916f16aef051400154a58": "$1.25", - "572916f16aef051400154a59": "a frontier market", - "572917743f37b3190047800d": "rapid expansion", + "572916f16aef051400154a58": "less than $1.25", + "572916f16aef051400154a59": "frontier market", + "572917743f37b3190047800d": "rapid expansion in telecommunication and financial activity", "572917743f37b3190047800f": "food security", - "572917743f37b31900478010": "food aid", + "572917743f37b31900478010": "manufacturing", "572917743f37b3190047800e": "75%", "572917ff6aef051400154a5e": "61%", "572917ff6aef051400154a5f": "tourism", - "572917ff6aef051400154a60": "tourism sector has exhibited steady growth in most years since independence and by the late 1980s", - "572917ff6aef051400154a62": "coastal beaches and the game reserves", + "572917ff6aef051400154a60": "steady growth", + "572917ff6aef051400154a62": "numerous Shopping Malls", "572917ff6aef051400154a61": "Germany and the United Kingdom", "572918bd3f37b31900478016": "24%", "572918bd3f37b31900478017": "tea, horticultural produce, and coffee", "572918bd3f37b31900478015": "Agriculture", - "572918bd3f37b31900478018": "sharp weather-related fluctuations", + "572918bd3f37b31900478018": "sharp weather-related", "57291a7b1d0469140077903f": "International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics", - "57291a7b1d04691400779040": "less than 650 mm annual rainfall", + "57291a7b1d04691400779040": "Pigeon peas are very drought resistant", "57291a7b1d04691400779041": "stimulating the growth of local seed production and agro-dealer networks", - "57291a7b1d04691400779042": "20\u201325%", - "57291a7b1d04691400779043": "20\u201325%", + "57291a7b1d04691400779042": "by 20\u201325% in Nairobi and Mombasa.", + "57291a7b1d04691400779043": "increase local producer prices by 20\u201325%", "57291b461d04691400779049": "Africa", - "57291b461d0469140077904a": "wheat", - "57291b461d0469140077904b": "north and east", + "57291b461d0469140077904a": "Tea, coffee, sisal, pyrethrum, corn, and wheat", + "57291b461d0469140077904b": "the north and east", "57291b461d0469140077904c": "53%", "57291b461d0469140077904d": "Kenya initiative", "57291beb1d04691400779053": "Kenya", "57291beb1d04691400779054": "14%", - "57291beb1d04691400779055": "Mombasa and Kisumu", - "57291beb1d04691400779056": "small-scale manufacturing of household goods, motor-vehicle parts", + "57291beb1d04691400779055": "Nairobi, Mombasa and Kisumu", + "57291beb1d04691400779056": "small-scale manufacturing of household goods, motor-vehicle parts, and farm implements.", "57291d9e3f37b31900478035": "Kenya's inclusion among the beneficiaries of the US Government's African Growth and Opportunity Act", "57291d9e3f37b31900478036": "2000", - "57291dfaaf94a219006aa09b": "dams along the upper Tana River", - "57291dfaaf94a219006aa09c": "Tana River", + "57291dfaaf94a219006aa09b": "hydroelectric stations at dams along the upper Tana River", + "57291dfaaf94a219006aa09c": "upper Tana River", "57291dfaaf94a219006aa09d": "1997", "57291f153f37b31900478043": "Turkana", - "57291f153f37b31900478044": "10 billion", + "57291f153f37b31900478044": "10 billion barrels", "57291f153f37b31900478045": "Exploration", "57291f153f37b31900478046": "20% to 25%", "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b1": "$474 million", - "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b2": "$474 million", - "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b3": "$2.5 billion railway", - "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b4": "China", + "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b2": "largest source of foreign direct investment", + "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b3": "foreign direct investment", + "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b4": "China. About 25,000 tonnes of ilmenite was flagged off the Kenyan coastal town of Kilifi", "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b5": "environmental and social problems", - "57292046af94a219006aa0bb": "Asian Economic Tigers", - "57292046af94a219006aa0bc": "Asian Economic Tigers by the year 2030. In 2013, it launched a National Climate Change Action Plan", + "57292046af94a219006aa0bb": "the Asian Economic Tigers", + "57292046af94a219006aa0bc": "an economic development programme it hopes will put the country in the same league as the Asian Economic Tigers", "57292046af94a219006aa0bd": "National Climate Change Action Plan", - "57292046af94a219006aa0be": "Asian Economic Tigers by the year 2030. In 2013, it launched a National Climate Change Action Plan", + "57292046af94a219006aa0be": "climate will be a central issue", "57292046af94a219006aa0bf": "climate change", - "572920d73f37b31900478055": "Kenya. Most working children are active in agriculture", + "572920d73f37b31900478055": "agriculture", "572920d73f37b31900478056": "30%", "572920d73f37b31900478057": "9\u201318", - "572920d73f37b31900478058": "lack of access to education and weak government institutions", + "572920d73f37b31900478058": "poverty, the lack of access to education and weak government institutions", "572921646aef051400154a78": "English", "572921646aef051400154a79": "English and Swahili", - "572921646aef051400154a7a": "commerce", + "572921646aef051400154a7a": "commerce, schooling and government", "572921646aef051400154a7b": "the country", - "572922206aef051400154a8a": "Presbyterian Church of East Africa has 3 million followers in Kenya and the surrounding countries. There are smaller conservative Reformed churches, the Africa Evangelical Presbyterian Church", - "572922206aef051400154a8b": "Evangelical Presbyterian Church", + "572922206aef051400154a8a": "Christian", + "572922206aef051400154a8b": "Evangelical Presbyterian Church, the Independent Presbyterian Church", "572922206aef051400154a8c": "3 million", "572922206aef051400154a8d": "Nairobi", "57292449af94a219006aa0dd": "8%", - "57292449af94a219006aa0de": "Sixty percent of the Muslim population lives in Kenya's Coastal Region, comprising 50%", + "57292449af94a219006aa0de": "Sixty percent", "57292449af94a219006aa0df": "Christian", - "57292449af94a219006aa0e0": "50%", - "572924b53f37b31900478067": "Kenya National Bureau of Statistics", - "572924b53f37b31900478068": "Kenya National Bureau of Statistics", + "57292449af94a219006aa0e0": "around 300,000", + "572924b53f37b31900478067": "Nurses", + "572924b53f37b31900478068": "official registers", "572924b53f37b31900478069": "65,000", "572924b53f37b3190047806a": "65,000", "572925491d046914007790c3": "Diseases of poverty", "572925491d046914007790c4": "Half", - "572925491d046914007790c5": "HIV/AIDS, pneumonia, diarrhoea and malnutrition", + "572925491d046914007790c5": "Preventable diseases like malaria, HIV/AIDS, pneumonia, diarrhoea and malnutrition", "572925491d046914007790c6": "weak policies, corruption, inadequate health workers, weak management and poor leadership", "572925491d046914007790c7": "15 million", "572925a81d046914007790cd": "British colonists", - "572925a81d046914007790ce": "1964 and 1985", + "572925a81d046914007790ce": "12 December 1963", "572925a81d046914007790cf": "the Ominde Commission", - "572925a81d046914007790d0": "introduce changes that would reflect the nation's sovereignty. The commission focused on identity and unity", - "572925a81d046914007790d1": "Kenya's first system of education", - "572926086aef051400154ac2": "both the possibilities of setting up a second university in Kenya as well as the reforming of the entire education system", - "572926086aef051400154ac3": "reforming of the entire education system", - "572926086aef051400154ac4": "7\u20134\u20132\u20133 system be changed to an 8\u20134\u20134 system", + "572925a81d046914007790d0": "introduce changes that would reflect the nation's sovereignty", + "572925a81d046914007790d1": "Kenya's first system", + "572926086aef051400154ac2": "look at both the possibilities of setting up a second university in Kenya as well as the reforming of the entire education system.", + "572926086aef051400154ac3": "an 8\u20134\u20134 system", + "572926086aef051400154ac4": "an 8\u20134\u20134 system", "572926086aef051400154ac5": "1992", "572926653f37b31900478079": "January 1985", "572926653f37b3190047807a": "vocational subjects", - "572926653f37b3190047807b": "secure employment in the informal sector", + "572926653f37b3190047807b": "the new structure would enable school drop-outs at all levels either to be self-employed or to secure employment in the informal sector", "572926653f37b3190047807c": "January 2003", "572926653f37b3190047807d": "70%", "572926d23f37b31900478083": "six years", - "572926d23f37b31900478084": "four years in high school or secondary school. Primary school is free in public schools and those who exit", - "572926d23f37b31900478085": "exit", - "572926d23f37b31900478086": "a polytechnic or other technical college", + "572926d23f37b31900478084": "four years", + "572926d23f37b31900478085": "study for four years. Graduates from the polytechnics and colleges can then join the workforce", + "572926d23f37b31900478086": "join a polytechnic or other technical college", "5729276c1d046914007790d7": "85%", "5729276c1d046914007790d8": "three to five", "5729276c1d046914007790d9": "admission to Standard One", - "5729276c1d046914007790da": "secondary school or vocational training", + "5729276c1d046914007790da": "Kenya Certificate of Primary Education", "5729276c1d046914007790db": "Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education", - "572927d06aef051400154ade": "Kenya National Library Service (KNLS", - "572927d06aef051400154adf": "Kenya National Library Service (KNLS). KNLS is the body mandated to establish, equip, manage and maintain national and public libraries", + "572927d06aef051400154ade": "Kenya National Library Service (KNLS)", + "572927d06aef051400154adf": "to establish, equip, manage and maintain national and public libraries in the country", "572927d06aef051400154ae0": "a peoples university", - "572927d06aef051400154ae1": "irrespective of age, literacy level and has materials relevant to people of all walks of life", - "5729281baf94a219006aa11f": "rugby union and boxing", - "5729281baf94a219006aa120": "Kenya is active in several sports, among them cricket, rallying, football, rugby union and boxing", + "572927d06aef051400154ae1": "it is open to all irrespective of age, literacy level and has materials relevant to people of all walks of life", + "5729281baf94a219006aa11f": "cricket, rallying, football, rugby union and boxing", + "5729281baf94a219006aa120": "Kenya", "5729281baf94a219006aa121": "Kenyan athletes", "5729281baf94a219006aa122": "Morocco and Ethiopia", - "572928bf6aef051400154af0": "six gold, four silver and four", - "572928bf6aef051400154af1": "several medals", + "572928bf6aef051400154af0": "six", + "572928bf6aef051400154af1": "won several medals", "572928bf6aef051400154af2": "IAAF Golden League jackpot", - "572928bf6aef051400154af3": "defection of a number of Kenyan athletes to represent other countries, chiefly Bahrain and Qatar. The Kenyan Ministry of Sports has tried to stop the defections", + "572928bf6aef051400154af3": "defection of a number of Kenyan athletes to represent other countries", "572928bf6aef051400154af4": "because of economic or financial factors", "5729293d3f37b3190047809f": "volleyball", - "5729293d3f37b319004780a0": "Cricket is another popular and the most successful team sport. Kenya has competed in the Cricket World Cup", + "5729293d3f37b319004780a0": "Cricket", "5729293d3f37b319004780a1": "2003", "5729293d3f37b319004780a2": "Rakep Patel", "5729293d3f37b319004780a3": "March 2007", "57292994af94a219006aa131": "Safari Rally", "57292994af94a219006aa132": "Safari Rally", - "57292994af94a219006aa133": "Bj\u00f6rn Waldeg\u00e5rd", + "57292994af94a219006aa133": "Bj\u00f6rn Waldeg\u00e5rd, Hannu Mikkola, Tommi M\u00e4kinen, Shekhar Mehta, Carlos Sainz and Colin McRae", "572929d56aef051400154b0a": "three", - "572929d56aef051400154b0b": "10 o'clock tea", - "572929d56aef051400154b0c": "kiamsha kinywa), lunch in the afternoon (chakula cha mchana", - "572929d56aef051400154b0d": "chakula cha mchana", - "57293b843f37b31900478133": "the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme", - "57293b843f37b31900478134": "United Nations organizations", - "57293b843f37b31900478135": "greenhouse gas concentrations", - "57293b843f37b31900478136": "stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations", - "57293b843f37b31900478137": "the United Nations General Assembly through Resolution 43/53", - "57293bc91d0469140077919b": "El Gizouli", + "572929d56aef051400154b0b": "4 pm", + "572929d56aef051400154b0c": "tea or porridge with bread, chapati, mahamri, boiled sweet potatoes or yams", + "572929d56aef051400154b0d": "Ugali with vegetables, sour milk, meat, fish", + "57293b843f37b31900478133": "Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change", + "57293b843f37b31900478134": "United Nations organizations, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)", + "57293b843f37b31900478135": "greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere", + "57293b843f37b31900478136": "the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change", + "57293b843f37b31900478137": "43/53", + "57293bc91d0469140077919b": "Hoesung Lee", "57293bc91d0469140077919c": "Korean", - "57293bc91d0469140077919d": "El Gizouli", - "57293bc91d0469140077919e": "El Gizouli", + "57293bc91d0469140077919d": "Ismail El Gizouli", + "57293bc91d0469140077919e": "Hoesung Lee", "57293bc91d0469140077919f": "February 2015", - "57293c246aef051400154bb8": "governments and organizations", - "57293c246aef051400154bb9": "350 government officials and climate change experts. After the opening ceremonies, closed plenary sessions were held. The meeting report states there were 322", - "57293c246aef051400154bba": "Plenary sessions of the IPCC and IPCC Working groups", - "57293c246aef051400154bbb": "seven-eighths", + "57293c246aef051400154bb8": "representatives appointed by governments and organizations", + "57293c246aef051400154bb9": "350", + "57293c246aef051400154bba": "delegates", + "57293c246aef051400154bbb": "Plenary sessions", "57293ca73f37b3190047815b": "1989", - "57293ca73f37b3190047815c": "the WMO", - "57293ca73f37b3190047815e": "the WMO", - "57293ca73f37b3190047815f": "Financial Regulations", - "57293ca73f37b3190047815d": "the WMO", - "57293d116aef051400154bc8": "monitor climate related data", - "57293d116aef051400154bc9": "climate change based on published sources", + "57293ca73f37b3190047815c": "United Nations Environment Programme", + "57293ca73f37b3190047815e": "IPCC Trust Fund", + "57293ca73f37b3190047815f": "Financial Regulations and Rules of the WMO", + "57293ca73f37b3190047815d": "United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO)", + "57293d116aef051400154bc8": "carry out research nor does it monitor climate related data", + "57293d116aef051400154bc9": "published sources", "57293d116aef051400154bca": "non-peer-reviewed sources", - "57293d116aef051400154bcb": "grey literature", + "57293d116aef051400154bcb": "model results, reports from government agencies and non-governmental organizations, and industry journals", "57293d6d1d046914007791b7": "two", - "57293d6d1d046914007791b8": "two", - "57293d6d1d046914007791b9": "two", - "57293d6d1d046914007791ba": "coordinating lead authors", - "57293d6d1d046914007791bb": "assembling the contributions of the other authors", - "57293e221d046914007791d5": "certain that emissions resulting from human activities are substantially increasing the atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases", - "57293e221d046914007791d6": "human activities", - "57293e221d046914007791d7": "over half", - "57293e221d046914007791d8": "BAU) scenario", - "57293e221d046914007791d9": "0.3 \u00b0C per decade", + "57293d6d1d046914007791b8": "ten to fifteen", + "57293d6d1d046914007791b9": "ten to fifteen", + "57293d6d1d046914007791ba": "the lead authors", + "57293d6d1d046914007791bb": "the Working Group chairs", + "57293e221d046914007791d5": "substantially increasing the atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases", + "57293e221d046914007791d6": "human activities are substantially increasing the atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases, resulting on average in an additional warming of the Earth's surface", + "57293e221d046914007791d7": "over half the enhanced greenhouse effect", + "57293e221d046914007791d8": "business as usual", + "57293e221d046914007791d9": "0.3 to 0.6 \u00b0C", "57293e983f37b3190047818b": "2001", "57293e983f37b3190047818c": "16", - "57293e983f37b3190047818d": "Australian Academy of Science", + "57293e983f37b3190047818d": "Science", "57293e983f37b3190047818e": "90%", "57293e983f37b3190047818f": "90%", "57293f353f37b3190047819b": "Richard Lindzen", - "57293f353f37b3190047819c": "SPM) does not faithfully summarize the full WGI report", + "57293f353f37b3190047819c": "the full WGI report", "57293f353f37b3190047819d": "John Houghton", - "57293f353f37b3190047819e": "a co-chair of TAR WGI", - "57293f353f37b3190047819f": "scientific evidence", - "57293f8a6aef051400154bde": "the same procedures as for IPCC Assessment Reports. In the year 2011 two IPCC Special Report were finalized", + "57293f353f37b3190047819e": "co-chair", + "57293f353f37b3190047819f": "must be supported by scientific evidence", + "57293f8a6aef051400154bde": "follows the same procedures", "57293f8a6aef051400154bdf": "2011", "57293f8a6aef051400154be0": "2011", - "57293f8a6aef051400154be1": "IPCC Assessment Reports. In the year 2011 two IPCC Special Report were finalized", + "57293f8a6aef051400154be1": "Managing Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters", "572940246aef051400154bec": "Data Distribution Centre and the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme", - "572940246aef051400154bed": "publishing default emission factors", - "572940246aef051400154bee": "industrial production", + "572940246aef051400154bed": "default emission factors", + "572940246aef051400154bee": "fuel consumption, industrial production and so on", "572940246aef051400154bef": "relevant WMO Executive Council", - "572940973f37b319004781a5": "the poor application of well-established IPCC procedures in this instance\"", + "572940973f37b319004781a5": "the poor application of well-established IPCC procedures", "572940973f37b319004781a6": "the poor application of well-established IPCC procedures", - "572940973f37b319004781a7": "poor application of well-established IPCC procedures", + "572940973f37b319004781a7": "the poor application of well-established IPCC procedures", "572940973f37b319004781a8": "2035", - "572941273f37b319004781ad": "Martin Parry, a climate expert who had been co-chair of the IPCC working group II", - "572941273f37b319004781ae": "climate change is more serious by overstating the impact", - "572941273f37b319004781af": "a climate expert who had been co-chair of the IPCC working group II", - "572941273f37b319004781b0": "a single unfortunate error over Himalayan glaciers", - "572941273f37b319004781b1": "Himalayan glaciers", + "572941273f37b319004781ad": "chairman", + "572941273f37b319004781ae": "climate change", + "572941273f37b319004781af": "a climate expert who had been co-chair", + "572941273f37b319004781b0": "climate change", + "572941273f37b319004781b1": "the IPCC had investigated the other alleged mistakes, which were \"generally unfounded and also marginal to the assessment\"", "57294209af94a219006aa201": "1999", "57294209af94a219006aa202": "Michael E. Mann", "57294209af94a219006aa203": "hockey stick graph", - "57294209af94a219006aa204": "MBH99 finding was supported by cited reconstructions by Jones et al. 1998, Pollack, Huang & Shen 1998", + "57294209af94a219006aa204": "the MBH99", "57294279af94a219006aa209": "1000 and 1900", "57294279af94a219006aa20a": "Fred Singer", - "57294279af94a219006aa20b": "Capitol Hill", - "57294279af94a219006aa20c": "May 2000", - "57294279af94a219006aa20d": "Fred Singer's Science and Environmental Policy Project", + "57294279af94a219006aa20b": "Capitol Hill, Washington, D.C.", + "57294279af94a219006aa20c": "18 July 2000", + "57294279af94a219006aa20d": "United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation", "572943ab1d04691400779219": "Joe Barton", - "572943ab1d0469140077921a": "Joe Barton", + "572943ab1d0469140077921a": "Ed Whitfield", "572943ab1d0469140077921b": "23 June 2005", - "572943ab1d0469140077921c": "Boehlert", + "572943ab1d0469140077921c": "Sherwood Boehlert", "572943ab1d0469140077921d": "Sherwood Boehlert", "572944e03f37b319004781e2": "2007", "572944e03f37b319004781e1": "2007", - "572944e03f37b319004781e4": "1,000 years", - "572944e03f37b319004781e5": "a variety of statistical methods", - "572944e03f37b319004781e3": "1,000 years", + "572944e03f37b319004781e4": "Ten", + "572944e03f37b319004781e5": "the divergence problem", + "572944e03f37b319004781e3": "Ten of these 14", "572945b11d0469140077922f": "1 February 2007", - "572945b11d04691400779230": "temperature and sea level change with observations", - "572945b11d04691400779231": "sea level change with observations", - "572945b11d04691400779232": "temperature and sea level change with observations", - "572949306aef051400154c68": "projected rises in sea levels", - "572949306aef051400154c69": "0.5\u20131.4 m [50\u2013140 cm", - "572949306aef051400154c6a": "0.5\u20131.4 m [50\u2013140 cm] above 1990 levels", + "572945b11d04691400779230": "projections on temperature and sea level change", + "572945b11d04691400779231": "projections on temperature and sea level change with observations", + "572945b11d04691400779232": "projections on temperature and sea level change with observations", + "572949306aef051400154c68": "overstating dangers and risks, have actually understated them is a study on projected rises in sea levels", + "572949306aef051400154c69": "0.5\u20131.4 m [50\u2013140 cm]", + "572949306aef051400154c6a": "0.5\u20131.4 m [50\u2013140 cm]", "572949306aef051400154c6b": "2001", - "57294baaaf94a219006aa26b": "coordinating lead", + "57294baaaf94a219006aa26b": "long-time", "57294baaaf94a219006aa26c": "Michael Oppenheimer", "57294baaaf94a219006aa26d": "IPCC consensus approach", - "57294e6b1d04691400779275": "environmental challenges (compare Ozone depletion and global warming). In case of the Ozone depletion global regulation based on the Montreal Protocol", - "57294e6b1d04691400779276": "failed", + "57294e6b1d04691400779275": "global regulation", + "57294e6b1d04691400779276": "Ozone depletion and global warming", "57294e6b1d04691400779277": "governments", "5729506d6aef051400154cac": "Sheldon Ungar", - "5729506d6aef051400154cad": "the distribution of emission reductions", - "5729506d6aef051400154cae": "regional burden sharing conflicts", + "5729506d6aef051400154cad": "distribution of emission reductions", + "5729506d6aef051400154cae": "regional burden sharing", "5729506d6aef051400154caf": "the UK government", "5729517d6aef051400154cc8": "scientific papers", - "5729517d6aef051400154cc9": "significant new evidence or events", - "5729517d6aef051400154cca": "a serious shortcoming in a body which is widely regarded as the ultimate authority on the science", + "5729517d6aef051400154cc9": "any significant new evidence or events that change our understanding of climate science", + "5729517d6aef051400154cca": "a steady evolution of key findings and levels of scientific confidence from one assessment report", "572951f16aef051400154cce": "five", "572951f16aef051400154ccf": "the journal Nature", - "572951f16aef051400154cd0": "changes to the IPCC. They suggested a range of new organizational options", - "572951f16aef051400154cd1": "a full-time staff and remove government oversight from its processes to avoid political interference", - "572953013f37b3190047824d": "fatty acid synthesis, much amino acid synthesis", - "572953013f37b3190047824e": "energy-storage molecules ATP and NADPH while freeing oxygen from water", - "572953013f37b3190047824f": "energy-storage molecules ATP and NADPH while freeing oxygen from water", + "572951f16aef051400154cd0": "to dumping it in favor of a small permanent body", + "572951f16aef051400154cd1": "remove government oversight from its processes", + "572953013f37b3190047824d": "conduct photosynthesis", + "572953013f37b3190047824e": "energy-storage molecules ATP and NADPH", + "572953013f37b3190047824f": "ATP", "572953013f37b31900478250": "Calvin cycle", - "572953013f37b31900478251": "1 in algae up to 100", - "5729544c3f37b31900478257": "an early eukaryotic cell", + "572953013f37b31900478251": "1", + "5729544c3f37b31900478257": "pinch in two to reproduce", "5729544c3f37b31900478258": "environmental factors like light color and intensity", - "5729544c3f37b31900478259": "environmental factors like light color and intensity. Chloroplasts, like mitochondria, contain their own DNA", + "5729544c3f37b31900478259": "contain their own DNA", "5729544c3f37b3190047825a": "mitochondria", - "5729544c3f37b3190047825b": "by the plant cell", + "5729544c3f37b3190047825b": "they circulate", "572956c86aef051400154d1a": "plants and algae", - "572956c86aef051400154d1b": "Russian biologist Konstantin Mereschkowski in 1905 after Andreas Schimper", - "572956c86aef051400154d1c": "chloroplasts was first suggested by the Russian biologist", + "572956c86aef051400154d1b": "Russian", + "572956c86aef051400154d1c": "biologist", "572956c86aef051400154d1d": "1905", "572956c86aef051400154d1e": "Konstantin Mereschkowski in 1905 after Andreas Schimper", "572957361d046914007792cf": "Cyanobacteria", - "572957361d046914007792d0": "blue-green algae", - "572957361d046914007792d2": "thicker than in other gram-negative bacteria", + "572957361d046914007792d0": "chloroplasts", + "572957361d046914007792d2": "two cell membranes", "572957361d046914007792d3": "peptidoglycan", - "572957361d046914007792d1": "blue-green algae even though they are prokaryotes. They are a diverse phylum of bacteria capable of carrying out photosynthesis", - "572957ad1d046914007792d9": "chloroplast (formerly the cyanobacterium", - "572957ad1d046914007792da": "billion years ago", - "572957ad1d046914007792db": "the outer and inner membranes", + "572957361d046914007792d1": "blue-green algae", + "572957ad1d046914007792d9": "eukaryotic", + "572957ad1d046914007792da": "around a billion years ago", + "572957ad1d046914007792db": "lipid-bilayer membranes", "572957ad1d046914007792dc": "phagosomal", - "572957ad1d046914007792dd": "Over time, the cyanobacterium was assimilated, and many of its genes were lost", - "5729582b1d046914007792e3": "primary plastids (\"plastid\" in this context means almost the same thing as chloroplast", + "572957ad1d046914007792dd": "many of its genes were lost or transferred to the nucleus of the host", + "5729582b1d046914007792e3": "primary plastids", "5729582b1d046914007792e4": "three", - "5729582b1d046914007792e5": "plastid", - "5729582b1d046914007792e6": "All primary chloroplasts belong to one of three chloroplast lineages", - "5729582b1d046914007792e7": "chloroplast", - "572958cc6aef051400154d2a": "glaucophyte chloroplast group is the smallest of the three primary chloroplast lineages", - "572958cc6aef051400154d2b": "chloroplast", - "572958cc6aef051400154d2c": "primitive intermediate between cyanobacteria and the more evolved chloroplasts in red algae and plants", - "572958cc6aef051400154d2d": "a carboxysome - an icosahedral structure", + "5729582b1d046914007792e5": "red algal chloroplast lineage", + "5729582b1d046914007792e6": "green", + "5729582b1d046914007792e7": "green chloroplast lineage", + "572958cc6aef051400154d2a": "alga", + "572958cc6aef051400154d2b": "glaucophyte", + "572958cc6aef051400154d2c": "glaucophyte chloroplasts", + "572958cc6aef051400154d2d": "carboxysome - an icosahedral structure", "572958cc6aef051400154d2e": "icosahedral", - "57295a116aef051400154d44": "chlorophyll a and phycobilins for photosynthetic pigments", - "57295a116aef051400154d45": "phycobilisomes on the thylakoid membranes, preventing their thylakoids from stacking. Some contain pyrenoids", - "57295a116aef051400154d46": "phycoerytherin pigment", - "57295a116aef051400154d47": "catch more sunlight", - "57295a116aef051400154d48": "collects", - "57295b5b1d04691400779315": "phycobilisomes", - "57295b5b1d04691400779316": "Most green chloroplasts", - "57295b5b1d04691400779317": "glaucophyte and red algal chloroplasts in that they have lost their phycobilisomes", - "57295b5b1d04691400779318": "the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer", + "57295a116aef051400154d44": "chlorophyll a and phycobilins", + "57295a116aef051400154d45": "floridean", + "57295a116aef051400154d46": "live in shallow water", + "57295a116aef051400154d47": "more sunlight in deep water", + "57295a116aef051400154d48": "collects into granules outside the rhodoplast, in the cytoplasm of the red alga", + "57295b5b1d04691400779315": "lost their phycobilisomes", + "57295b5b1d04691400779316": "accessory pigments that override the chlorophylls' green colors", + "57295b5b1d04691400779317": "lost the peptidoglycan wall", + "57295b5b1d04691400779318": "use in chloroplast division", "57295b5b1d04691400779319": "chlorophyll b", "572961f61d04691400779359": "double membrane", - "572961f61d0469140077935a": "cyanobacterial ancestor", + "572961f61d0469140077935a": "additional membranes outside of the original two", "572961f61d0469140077935b": "a nonphotosynthetic eukaryote engulfed a chloroplast-containing alga", - "572961f61d0469140077935c": "double membrane from their cyanobacterial ancestor, secondary chloroplasts have additional membranes outside of the original two", + "572961f61d0469140077935c": "three or four membranes", "572961f61d0469140077935d": "chloroplast", - "572962953f37b319004782f5": "a pyrenoid and thylakoids stacked in groups of three", - "572962953f37b319004782f6": "chloroplasts derived from a green alga", + "572962953f37b319004782f5": "pyrenoid", + "572962953f37b319004782f6": "common flagellated", "572962953f37b319004782f7": "in groups of three", - "572962953f37b319004782f8": "contained in membrane-bound granules", - "572962953f37b319004782f9": "cyanobacterial membranes, and the secondary host's phagosomal membrane", - "572963221d04691400779385": "chloroplast", - "572963221d04691400779386": "a nucleomorph that superficially resembles that of the chlorarachniophytes", - "572963221d04691400779387": "chlorarachniophytes", - "572963221d04691400779388": "periplastid space\u2014outside the original double membrane", - "572963221d04691400779389": "chlorarachniophytes", - "572963876aef051400154dd2": "green algae rather than chromalveolates. The apicomplexans include Plasmodium, the malaria parasite", - "572963876aef051400154dd3": "green algae rather than chromalveolates. The apicomplexans include Plasmodium, the malaria parasite", + "572962953f37b319004782f8": "membrane-bound granules in the cytoplasm", + "572962953f37b319004782f9": "cyanobacterial membranes", + "572963221d04691400779385": "cryptomonads", + "572963221d04691400779386": "red-algal derived", + "572963221d04691400779387": "nucleomorph", + "572963221d04691400779388": "granules found in the periplastid space", + "572963221d04691400779389": "in stacks of two", + "572963876aef051400154dd2": "chromalveolates", + "572963876aef051400154dd3": "chromalveolates", "572963876aef051400154dd4": "malaria parasite", - "572963876aef051400154dd5": "Plasmodium, the malaria parasite", - "572963876aef051400154dd6": "amylopectin starch granules that are located in their cytoplasm, even though they are nonphotosynthetic", - "5729645b3f37b31900478321": "isopentenyl pyrophosphate synthesis", - "5729645b3f37b31900478322": "cure apicomplexan-related diseases", + "572963876aef051400154dd5": "chloroplast", + "572963876aef051400154dd6": "amylopectin starch granules", + "5729645b3f37b31900478321": "fatty acids, isopentenyl pyrophosphate, iron-sulfur clusters", + "5729645b3f37b31900478322": "apicomplexan-related diseases", "5729645b3f37b31900478323": "isopentenyl pyrophosphate synthesis", - "5729645b3f37b31900478324": "no photosynthetic pigments or true thylakoids", + "5729645b3f37b31900478324": "all photosynthetic function", "5729645b3f37b31900478325": "four", - "572965566aef051400154e00": "chlorophyll a and chlorophyll c2. Peridinin is not found in any other group of chloroplasts", - "572965566aef051400154e01": "chloroplasts", - "572965566aef051400154e02": "chlorophyll a and chlorophyll c2. Peridinin is not found in any other group of chloroplasts", + "572965566aef051400154e00": "chloroplast", + "572965566aef051400154e01": "any other group of chloroplasts", + "572965566aef051400154e02": "triplet-stacked", "572965566aef051400154e03": "red algal endosymbiont's original cell membrane", - "572965e73f37b3190047832b": "original red algal derived chloroplast", - "572965e73f37b3190047832c": "Karlodinium", - "572965e73f37b3190047832d": "four", + "572965e73f37b3190047832b": "fucoxanthin dinophyte", + "572965e73f37b3190047832c": "fucoxanthin dinophyte", + "572965e73f37b3190047832d": "four membranes", "572965e73f37b3190047832e": "a six membraned chloroplast", - "572966626aef051400154e13": "a cryptophyte", - "572966626aef051400154e14": "obtain new chloroplasts to replace the old ones", - "572966626aef051400154e12": "cryptophyte", - "572966626aef051400154e15": "a two-membraned chloroplast", - "572966ebaf94a219006aa391": "heterokontophyte) derived chloroplast", + "572966626aef051400154e13": "cryptophyte", + "572966626aef051400154e14": "old ones", + "572966626aef051400154e12": "kleptoplast", + "572966626aef051400154e15": "nucleomorph and outermost two membranes", + "572966ebaf94a219006aa391": "heterokontophyte", "572966ebaf94a219006aa392": "diatom (heterokontophyte", - "572966ebaf94a219006aa393": "five", - "572966ebaf94a219006aa394": "a nucleomorph because it shows no sign of genome reduction", - "572966ebaf94a219006aa395": "in granules", - "572967e31d046914007793b1": "the dinophyte nucleus", + "572966ebaf94a219006aa393": "up to five", + "572966ebaf94a219006aa394": "the entire diatom endosymbiont", + "572966ebaf94a219006aa395": "in granules in the dinophyte host's cytoplasm", + "572967e31d046914007793b1": "dinophyte nucleus", "572967e31d046914007793b2": "Lepidodinium", - "572967e31d046914007793b3": "a green algal derived chloroplast", - "572967e31d046914007793b4": "a green algal derived chloroplast", + "572967e31d046914007793b3": "peridinin chloroplast", + "572967e31d046914007793b4": "peridinin chloroplast", "572967e31d046914007793b5": "chloroplast", - "5729686d1d046914007793c1": "ancestral chloroplast of other eukaryotes", - "5729686d1d046914007793c2": "11\u201314% from the chloroplast in plants", - "5729686d1d046914007793c3": "150,000", - "5729686d1d046914007793c4": "three million base pair Synechococcus genome, but much larger than the approximately 150,000", - "5729686d1d046914007793c5": "150,000", - "572968cf1d046914007793cb": "cpDNA. It is also known as the plastome", - "572968cf1d046914007793cc": "cpDNA. It is also known as the plastome", + "5729686d1d046914007793c1": "first set of endosymbiotic events", + "5729686d1d046914007793c2": "acquired a photosynthetic cyanobacterial endosymbiont more recently", + "5729686d1d046914007793c3": "a million base pairs", + "5729686d1d046914007793c4": "850", + "5729686d1d046914007793c5": "150,000 base pair", + "572968cf1d046914007793cb": "ctDNA", + "572968cf1d046914007793cc": "cpDNA", "572968cf1d046914007793cd": "1962", "572968cf1d046914007793ce": "1986", - "572968cf1d046914007793cf": "chloroplast DNA of liverwort", + "572968cf1d046914007793cf": "two Japanese research teams", "57296977af94a219006aa3bd": "chloroplast", - "57296977af94a219006aa3be": "chloroplast DNAs have since lost or flipped the inverted repeats", + "57296977af94a219006aa3be": "chloroplast", "57296977af94a219006aa3bf": "stabilize the rest of the chloroplast genome", "572969f51d046914007793dd": "via electron microscopy", "572969f51d046914007793de": "two", - "572969f51d046914007793e0": "theta intermediary form, also known as a Cairns replication intermediate, and completes replication with a rolling circle mechanism", - "572969f51d046914007793df": "double displacement loop (D-loop). As the D-loop moves through the circular DNA", - "572969f51d046914007793e1": "a double displacement loop (D-loop). As the D-loop moves through the circular DNA", - "57296a65af94a219006aa3c3": "deamination gradients. DNA becomes susceptible to deamination events when it is single stranded", - "57296a65af94a219006aa3c4": "it is single stranded", - "57296a65af94a219006aa3c5": "nearest the start site because it was single stranded", - "57296a65af94a219006aa3c6": "through homologous recombination", - "57296a65af94a219006aa3c7": "circular chromosomes", + "572969f51d046914007793e0": "theta intermediary form", + "572969f51d046914007793df": "a double displacement loop", + "572969f51d046914007793e1": "a theta intermediary form, also known as a Cairns replication intermediate, and completes replication with a rolling circle mechanism", + "57296a65af94a219006aa3c3": "G deamination gradients", + "57296a65af94a219006aa3c4": "When replication forks form, the strand not being copied is single stranded", + "57296a65af94a219006aa3c5": "linear and replicates through homologous recombination", + "57296a65af94a219006aa3c6": "linear and replicates through homologous recombination", + "57296a65af94a219006aa3c7": "in circular chromosomes", "57296ab93f37b31900478369": "bacteriophage T4", - "57296ab93f37b3190047836a": "linear cpDNA", - "57296ab93f37b3190047836b": "via a D loop mechanism", + "57296ab93f37b3190047836a": "linear", + "57296ab93f37b3190047836b": "linear", "57296ab93f37b3190047836c": "via a D loop mechanism", - "57296b151d046914007793f1": "genes it donated to the former host's nucleus persist", - "57296b151d046914007793f2": "the former host's nucleus persist", - "57296b151d046914007793f3": "a heterokontophyte) now have a red algal derived chloroplast", - "57296b151d046914007793f4": "a chloroplast is eventually lost, the genes it donated to the former host's nucleus persist", + "57296b151d046914007793f1": "Endosymbiotic gene transfer", + "57296b151d046914007793f2": "lost chloroplast's existence", + "57296b151d046914007793f3": "red algal derived chloroplast", + "57296b151d046914007793f4": "red algal derived", "57296bf96aef051400154e52": "nonfunctional pseudogenes", - "57296bf96aef051400154e53": "half", - "57296bf96aef051400154e54": "cell division, protein routing, and even disease resistance", - "57296bf96aef051400154e55": "extracellular space. In those cases, chloroplast-targeted proteins do initially travel along the secretory pathway", + "57296bf96aef051400154e53": "around half", + "57296bf96aef051400154e54": "participating in cell division, protein routing, and even disease resistance", + "57296bf96aef051400154e55": "the cell membrane", "57296c5c3f37b3190047837f": "a ribosome in the cytosol", - "57296c5c3f37b31900478380": "cytosol", + "57296c5c3f37b31900478380": "ribosome in the cytosol", "57296c5c3f37b31900478381": "helps many proteins bind the polypeptide", - "57296c5c3f37b31900478382": "many proteins bind the polypeptide, keeping it from folding prematurely", - "57296cb21d04691400779403": "5\u20138 \u03bcm in diameter and 1\u20133 \u03bcm thick", - "57296cb21d04691400779404": "1\u20133 \u03bcm thick", - "57296cb21d04691400779405": "1\u20133 \u03bcm thick", - "57296cb21d04691400779406": "chloroplast", - "57296cb21d04691400779407": "a single chloroplast", - "57296d1b1d0469140077940d": "double membrane is often cited as evidence that they are the descendants of endosymbiotic cyanobacteria", - "57296d1b1d0469140077940e": "evidence that they are the descendants of endosymbiotic cyanobacteria", - "57296d1b1d0469140077940f": "not true\u2014both chloroplast membranes are homologous", - "57296d8d1d0469140077941d": "the internal thylakoid system", + "57296c5c3f37b31900478382": "keeping it from folding prematurely", + "57296cb21d04691400779403": "lens", + "57296cb21d04691400779404": "5\u20138 \u03bcm", + "57296cb21d04691400779405": "1\u20133 \u03bcm", + "57296cb21d04691400779406": "cup-shaped", + "57296cb21d04691400779407": "ribbon-like", + "57296d1b1d0469140077940d": "a double membrane", + "57296d1b1d0469140077940e": "misconceptions", + "57296d1b1d0469140077940f": "homologous", + "57296d8d1d0469140077941d": "mitochondrial double membrane", "57296d8d1d0469140077941e": "run proton pumps and carry out oxidative phosphorylation across to generate ATP energy", - "57296d8d1d0469140077941f": "generate ATP energy", - "57296d8d1d04691400779420": "the internal thylakoid system", - "57296d8d1d04691400779421": "internal thylakoid system", - "57296de03f37b3190047839b": "Stromules are very rare in chloroplasts", - "57296de03f37b3190047839c": "tubule", + "57296d8d1d0469140077941f": "to generate ATP energy", + "57296d8d1d04691400779420": "internal thylakoid system", + "57296d8d1d04691400779421": "direction", + "57296de03f37b3190047839b": "Stromules", + "57296de03f37b3190047839c": "stroma-containing tubule", "57296de03f37b3190047839d": "to increase the chloroplast's surface area for cross-membrane transport", "57296de03f37b3190047839e": "1962", - "57296e43af94a219006aa3e5": "in some C3 angiosperms", - "57296e43af94a219006aa3e6": "in some C3 angiosperms", - "57296e43af94a219006aa3e7": "The chloroplast peripheral reticulum consists of a maze of membranous tubes and vesicles", - "57296e43af94a219006aa3e8": "a maze of membranous tubes", + "57296e43af94a219006aa3e5": "a maze of membranous tubes", + "57296e43af94a219006aa3e6": "a maze of membranous tubes", + "57296e43af94a219006aa3e7": "The chloroplast peripheral reticulum", + "57296e43af94a219006aa3e8": "extends into the internal stromal fluid of the chloroplast", "57296e43af94a219006aa3e9": "thylakoids and intermembrane space", - "57296eb01d04691400779435": "synthesize a small fraction of their proteins", - "57296eb01d04691400779436": "two-thirds", - "57296eb01d04691400779437": "two-thirds", - "57296eb01d04691400779438": "prokaryotes", - "57296eb01d04691400779439": "for translation initiation in most chloroplasts and prokaryotes", - "57296eee6aef051400154e8e": "lipid monolayer", - "57296eee6aef051400154e8f": "lipid monolayer", + "57296eb01d04691400779435": "to synthesize a small fraction of their proteins", + "57296eb01d04691400779436": "two-thirds the size", + "57296eb01d04691400779437": "two-thirds the size", + "57296eb01d04691400779438": "Small subunit ribosomal RNAs", + "57296eb01d04691400779439": "translation initiation in most chloroplasts and prokaryotes", + "57296eee6aef051400154e8e": "plastoglobulus", + "57296eee6aef051400154e8f": "spherical", "57296eee6aef051400154e90": "lipids and proteins", - "57296eee6aef051400154e91": "45\u201360", + "57296eee6aef051400154e91": "45\u201360 nanometers", "57296eee6aef051400154e92": "a lipid monolayer", - "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fb": "a thylakoid", - "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fc": "the thylakoid network", - "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fd": "In normal green chloroplasts, the vast majority of plastoglobuli occur singularly", - "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fe": "old or stressed chloroplasts, plastoglobuli tend to occur in linked groups or chains", - "57296f85af94a219006aa403": "higher plants", - "57296f85af94a219006aa404": "de novo\"", - "57296f85af94a219006aa405": "\"de novo\"", - "57296f85af94a219006aa406": "\"de novo\"", - "57296f85af94a219006aa407": "\"de novo\"", - "57296fd71d0469140077943f": "the helical thylakoid", - "57296fd71d04691400779440": "pancakes", - "57296fd71d04691400779441": "10\u201320", - "57296fd71d04691400779442": "10\u201320", - "57296fd71d04691400779443": "frets or lamellar thylakoids", + "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fb": "thylakoid", + "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fc": "thylakoid network", + "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fd": "singularly", + "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fe": "In old or stressed chloroplasts", + "57296f85af94a219006aa403": "chloroplasts", + "57296f85af94a219006aa404": "spherical", + "57296f85af94a219006aa405": "spherical", + "57296f85af94a219006aa406": "chloroplasts", + "57296f85af94a219006aa407": "highly refractive bodies", + "57296fd71d0469140077943f": "helical thylakoid", + "57296fd71d04691400779440": "circular", + "57296fd71d04691400779441": "two to a hundred", + "57296fd71d04691400779442": "two to a hundred", + "57296fd71d04691400779443": "helicoid stromal thylakoids", "5729703d3f37b319004783bb": "light energy", "5729703d3f37b319004783bc": "light energy", - "5729703d3f37b319004783bd": "absorb light energy and use it to energize electrons", - "5729703d3f37b319004783be": "to pump hydrogen ions", - "5729703d3f37b319004783bf": "a large protein complex", - "572970916aef051400154eba": "600", - "572970916aef051400154ebb": "stroma", - "572970916aef051400154ebc": "the stroma", - "572970916aef051400154ebe": "stroma", - "572970916aef051400154ebd": "300\u2013600", - "57297103af94a219006aa423": "thirty", + "5729703d3f37b319004783bd": "energize electrons", + "5729703d3f37b319004783be": "to pump hydrogen ions into the thylakoid space", + "5729703d3f37b319004783bf": "large protein complex that harnesses the concentration gradient of the hydrogen ions", + "572970916aef051400154eba": "two", + "572970916aef051400154ebb": "in contact with the stroma", + "572970916aef051400154ebc": "in contact with the stroma", + "572970916aef051400154ebe": "grana", + "572970916aef051400154ebd": "300\u2013600 nanometers in diameter", + "57297103af94a219006aa423": "about thirty", "57297103af94a219006aa424": "help transfer and dissipate excess energy", "57297103af94a219006aa425": "help transfer and dissipate excess energy", - "57297103af94a219006aa426": "a bright red-orange carotenoid", + "57297103af94a219006aa426": "red-orange", "57297103af94a219006aa427": "orange-red zeaxanthin", - "5729714daf94a219006aa42d": "cryptophyte chloroplasts", + "5729714daf94a219006aa42d": "a third group of pigments", "5729714daf94a219006aa42e": "red algae red", - "5729714daf94a219006aa42f": "one of the pigments that makes many red algae red", - "5729714daf94a219006aa430": "cryptophyte chloroplasts", - "5729714daf94a219006aa431": "40", - "572971af6aef051400154ede": "an enzyme called rubisco", - "572971af6aef051400154edf": "trouble distinguishing between carbon dioxide and oxygen, so at high oxygen concentrations, rubisco starts accidentally adding oxygen to sugar precursors", - "572971af6aef051400154ee0": "trouble distinguishing between carbon dioxide and oxygen, so at high oxygen concentrations, rubisco starts accidentally adding oxygen to sugar precursors", - "572971af6aef051400154ee1": "photosynthesis", - "572971af6aef051400154ee2": "sugar precursors", + "5729714daf94a219006aa42f": "phycobilisomes", + "5729714daf94a219006aa430": "third group of pigments", + "5729714daf94a219006aa431": "40 nanometers", + "572971af6aef051400154ede": "rubisco", + "572971af6aef051400154edf": "adding oxygen to sugar precursors", + "572971af6aef051400154ee0": "the end result of ATP energy being wasted and CO2 being released", + "572971af6aef051400154ee1": "the Calvin cycle", + "572971af6aef051400154ee2": "ATP energy", "5729723c6aef051400154ee8": "light reactions", - "5729723c6aef051400154ee9": "C4 mesophyll cells and bundle sheath cells are specialized for each stage of photosynthesis", + "5729723c6aef051400154ee9": "rubisco", "5729723c6aef051400154eea": "light reactions", - "5729723c6aef051400154eeb": "C4 mesophyll cells and bundle sheath cells", - "5729723c6aef051400154eec": "photosynthesis", - "5729729a1d0469140077948b": "The plant cells", - "5729729a1d0469140077948c": "chlorophyll", + "5729723c6aef051400154eeb": "sheath cells", + "5729723c6aef051400154eec": "light reactions", + "5729729a1d0469140077948b": "All green parts", + "5729729a1d0469140077948c": "photosynthetic parts", "5729729a1d0469140077948d": "chlorophyll", "5729729a1d0469140077948e": "collenchyma tissue", - "5729729a1d0469140077948f": "a chlorenchyma cell", - "572972f46aef051400154ef2": "leaves", + "5729729a1d0469140077948f": "chloroplasts", + "572972f46aef051400154ef2": "stems, though in most plants, chloroplasts are concentrated in the leaves", "572972f46aef051400154ef3": "leaves", - "572972f46aef051400154ef6": "30\u201370", + "572972f46aef051400154ef6": "8\u201315", "572972f46aef051400154ef4": "half a million", "572972f46aef051400154ef5": "mesophyll", - "5729735c3f37b319004783fb": "as they move", - "5729735c3f37b319004783fc": "along the plant cell's cell wall or turning sideways so that light strikes them edge-on", + "5729735c3f37b319004783fb": "low-light conditions", + "5729735c3f37b319004783fc": "sideways so that light strikes them edge-on", "5729735c3f37b319004783fd": "photooxidative damage", - "5729735c3f37b319004783fe": "reduces exposure and protects them from photooxidative damage", - "5729735c3f37b319004783ff": "Mitochondria have also been observed to follow chloroplasts as they move", + "5729735c3f37b319004783fe": "they can take shelter behind each other or spread out", + "5729735c3f37b319004783ff": "Mitochondria", "572973ccaf94a219006aa449": "two", - "572973ccaf94a219006aa44a": "Chloroplasts stimulate both responses by purposely damaging their photosynthetic system", - "572973ccaf94a219006aa44b": "infected cells release signals warning the rest of the plant of a pathogen's presence", + "572973ccaf94a219006aa44a": "infected cells seal themselves off", + "572973ccaf94a219006aa44b": "Lower levels of reactive oxygen species", "572973ccaf94a219006aa44c": "purposely damaging their photosynthetic system", - "572973ccaf94a219006aa44d": "Chloroplasts stimulate both responses by purposely damaging their photosynthetic system", - "57297427af94a219006aa453": "chloroplasts begin producing molecules like salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species", - "57297427af94a219006aa454": "unknown second messenger molecule", - "57297427af94a219006aa455": "they probably don't leave the chloroplast, but instead pass on their signal to an unknown second messenger molecule", + "572973ccaf94a219006aa44d": "reactive oxygen species", + "57297427af94a219006aa453": "salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species", + "57297427af94a219006aa454": "After detecting stress in a cell,", + "57297427af94a219006aa455": "pass on their signal to an unknown second messenger molecule. All these molecules initiate retrograde signaling", "57297427af94a219006aa456": "chloroplast that regulate gene expression in the nucleus", "572974923f37b3190047840b": "photosynthesis", "572974923f37b3190047840c": "photosynthesis", "572974923f37b3190047840d": "sugars", - "572974923f37b3190047840e": "Water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are used in photosynthesis, and sugar and oxygen", - "572974923f37b3190047840f": "Water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are used in photosynthesis, and sugar and oxygen", - "572975073f37b31900478415": "chloroplasts use the potential energy stored in an H+, or hydrogen ion gradient to generate ATP energy", - "572975073f37b31900478416": "mitochondria", - "572975073f37b31900478417": "more hydrogen ions (up to a thousand times", - "572975073f37b31900478418": "stroma, the ATP is synthesized there, in position to be used in the dark reactions", - "572975073f37b31900478419": "creating a concentration gradient", + "572974923f37b3190047840e": "Water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2)", + "572974923f37b3190047840f": "Water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2)", + "572975073f37b31900478415": "use the potential energy stored in an H+, or hydrogen ion gradient to generate ATP energy", + "572975073f37b31900478416": "thylakoid space", + "572975073f37b31900478417": "diffuse back down their concentration gradient", + "572975073f37b31900478418": "hydrogen ions", + "572975073f37b31900478419": "hydrogen ion gradient", "572975511d046914007794a7": "NADP+", - "572975511d046914007794a8": "photophosphorylation", + "572975511d046914007794a8": "cyclic photophosphorylation", "572975511d046914007794a9": "C4 plants", - "572975511d046914007794aa": "ATP", - "572975a3af94a219006aa465": "Calvin cycle starts by using the enzyme Rubisco to fix CO2", + "572975511d046914007794aa": "more ATP than NADPH", + "572975a3af94a219006aa465": "Calvin cycle", "572975a3af94a219006aa466": "unstable six-carbon molecules", "572975a3af94a219006aa467": "3-phosphoglyceric acid", "572975a3af94a219006aa468": "one out of every six", "572976183f37b31900478431": "glucose monomers in the chloroplast", - "572976183f37b31900478432": "chloroplast", - "572976183f37b31900478433": "high atmospheric CO2 concentrations", - "572976183f37b31900478434": "less sucrose", - "572976183f37b31900478435": "efficiency of photosynthesis", - "572976791d046914007794af": "add O2 instead of CO2 to RuBP", + "572976183f37b31900478432": "high atmospheric CO2", + "572976183f37b31900478433": "leave them intact", + "572976183f37b31900478434": "Waterlogged roots", + "572976183f37b31900478435": "photosynthesis-depressing factor", + "572976791d046914007794af": "add O2", "572976791d046914007794b0": "when the oxygen concentration is too high", - "572976791d046914007794b1": "accidentally add O2 instead of CO2 to RuBP", - "572976791d046914007794b2": "half", + "572976791d046914007794b1": "it consumes ATP and oxygen, releases CO2, and produces no sugar", + "572976791d046914007794b2": "up to half", "572976791d046914007794b3": "they exhibit a distinct chloroplast dimorphism", "572976cfaf94a219006aa493": "stroma", "572976cfaf94a219006aa494": "cysteine and methionine", - "572976cfaf94a219006aa495": "chloroplast", - "572976cfaf94a219006aa496": "The chloroplast is known to make the precursors to methionine but it is unclear", - "57297725af94a219006aa49b": "Chloroplasts are a special type of a plant cell organelle called a plastid", + "572976cfaf94a219006aa495": "it has trouble crossing membranes to get to where it is needed", + "572976cfaf94a219006aa496": "unclear", + "57297725af94a219006aa49b": "Chloroplasts", "57297725af94a219006aa49c": "undifferentiated proplastids found in the zygote, or fertilized egg", - "57297725af94a219006aa49d": "the zygote, or fertilized egg. Proplastids are commonly found in an adult plant's apical meristems", - "57297725af94a219006aa49e": "starch-storing amyloplasts", - "5729779b6aef051400154f62": "Gymnosperms do not require light to form chloroplasts", - "5729779b6aef051400154f63": "a plastid that lacks chlorophyll", - "5729779b6aef051400154f64": "a lattice of tubes", - "5729779b6aef051400154f65": "yellow", + "57297725af94a219006aa49d": "in an adult plant's apical meristems", + "57297725af94a219006aa49e": "Proplastids", + "5729779b6aef051400154f62": "exposed to the required light for chloroplast formation, proplastids may develop into an etioplast stage", + "5729779b6aef051400154f63": "chloroplast", + "5729779b6aef051400154f64": "invaginations that form a lattice of tubes in their stroma", + "5729779b6aef051400154f65": "yellow chlorophyll", "5729779b6aef051400154f66": "Gymnosperms", "572977fbaf94a219006aa4ad": "proplastids", "572977fbaf94a219006aa4ae": "pigment-filled plastids", "572977fbaf94a219006aa4af": "chloroplasts", - "572977fbaf94a219006aa4b0": "chloroplasts", - "572977fbaf94a219006aa4b1": "chloroplasts, like what happens when a carrot or a potato is illuminated", + "572977fbaf94a219006aa4b0": "chromoplasts", + "572977fbaf94a219006aa4b1": "a plant cell to revert to a meristematic state, chloroplasts and other plastids", "5729784b1d046914007794c9": "filaments", - "5729784b1d046914007794ca": "proteins FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 assemble into filaments", - "5729784b1d046914007794cb": "a Z-ring", + "5729784b1d046914007794ca": "the proteins FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 assemble into filaments", + "5729784b1d046914007794cb": "a Z-ring within the chloroplast's stroma", "5729784b1d046914007794cc": "chloroplast's stroma", - "5729784b1d046914007794cd": "The Min system", - "5729789b6aef051400154f6c": "chloroplast's inner membrane", + "5729784b1d046914007794cd": "chloroplast's stroma", + "5729789b6aef051400154f6c": "two plastid-dividing rings", "5729789b6aef051400154f6d": "two", "5729789b6aef051400154f6e": "5 nanometers", - "5729789b6aef051400154f6f": "5 nanometers", - "5729789b6aef051400154f70": "5 nanometers across, arranged in rows 6.4 nanometers apart, and shrinks to squeeze the chloroplast", - "572978e66aef051400154f76": "poor quality green light", - "572978e66aef051400154f78": "green light", - "572978e66aef051400154f79": "dumbbell-shaped chloroplasts", - "572978e66aef051400154f77": "green light", - "57297991af94a219006aa4b7": "developers of genetically modified crops", + "5729789b6aef051400154f6f": "6.4 nanometers", + "5729789b6aef051400154f70": "few species", + "572978e66aef051400154f76": "exposure to bright white light", + "572978e66aef051400154f78": "white", + "572978e66aef051400154f79": "dumbbell-shaped", + "572978e66aef051400154f77": "green", + "57297991af94a219006aa4b7": "not inherited from the male parent", "57297991af94a219006aa4b8": "pollen", - "57297991af94a219006aa4b9": "lower environmental risks", - "57297991af94a219006aa4ba": "biologically contained, thus posing significantly lower environmental risks", - "57296d571d04691400779413": "a composite number. For example, 5 is prime because 1 and 5 are its only positive integer factors", + "57297991af94a219006aa4b9": "3 in 1,000,000", + "57297991af94a219006aa4ba": "genetically modified plants that are biologically contained", + "57296d571d04691400779413": "positive divisors", "57296d571d04691400779414": "composite number", - "57296d571d04691400779415": "any integer greater than 1", - "57296d571d04691400779416": "composite number", - "57296d571d04691400779417": "because 1 and 5 are its only positive integer factors, whereas 6 is composite", + "57296d571d04691400779415": "The fundamental theorem of arithmetic", + "57296d571d04691400779416": "any integer greater", + "57296d571d04691400779417": "arbitrarily many instances of 1 in any factorization", "57296f293f37b319004783a3": "primality", "57296f293f37b319004783a4": "trial division", - "57296f293f37b319004783a5": "the Miller\u2013Rabin primality test", - "57296f293f37b319004783a6": "the Miller\u2013Rabin primality test", + "57296f293f37b319004783a5": "trial division", + "57296f293f37b319004783a6": "trial division", "57296f293f37b319004783a7": "22,338,618", - "572970c11d04691400779463": "composite numbers", - "572970c11d04691400779464": "Euclid", + "572970c11d04691400779463": "infinitely many primes", + "572970c11d04691400779464": "Euclid around 300 BC", "572970c11d04691400779465": "statistical", - "572970c11d04691400779466": "inversely proportional to its number of digits", - "572970c11d04691400779467": "19th century", - "5729727baf94a219006aa437": "Goldbach's conjecture", - "5729727baf94a219006aa438": "Goldbach's conjecture (that every even integer greater than 2 can be expressed as the sum of two primes), and the twin prime conjecture", - "5729727baf94a219006aa439": "analytic or algebraic aspects of numbers", + "572970c11d04691400779466": "prime number theorem", + "572970c11d04691400779467": "end of the 19th century", + "5729727baf94a219006aa437": "conjecture", + "5729727baf94a219006aa438": "the twin prime conjecture", + "5729727baf94a219006aa439": "algebra", "5729727baf94a219006aa43a": "public-key cryptography", - "5729727baf94a219006aa43b": "Goldbach", + "5729727baf94a219006aa43b": "algebra", "572973f76aef051400154f0a": "2", - "572973f76aef051400154f0b": "1, 2", - "572973f76aef051400154f0c": "odd", - "572973f76aef051400154f0d": "larger than 5 end in 1, 3, 7, or 9", - "572973f76aef051400154f0e": "0 or 5", + "572973f76aef051400154f0b": "1, 2, and n", + "572973f76aef051400154f0c": "odd prime", + "572973f76aef051400154f0d": "9", + "572973f76aef051400154f0e": "9", "57297547af94a219006aa45b": "1", "57297547af94a219006aa45c": "Christian Goldbach", "57297547af94a219006aa45d": "Christian Goldbach", - "57297547af94a219006aa45e": "10,006", - "57297547af94a219006aa45f": "1", + "57297547af94a219006aa45e": "10,006,721, reprinted as late as 1956, started with 1", + "57297547af94a219006aa45f": "prime", "57297781af94a219006aa4a3": "Euclid's fundamental theorem of arithmetic", - "57297781af94a219006aa4a4": "different factorizations of 15 into prime numbers", + "57297781af94a219006aa4a4": "1 were considered a prime", "57297781af94a219006aa4a6": "sum of divisors function", - "57297781af94a219006aa4a5": "divisors function", - "57297781af94a219006aa4a7": "different factorizations of 15 into prime numbers", - "572978f91d046914007794d3": "Rhind papyrus", + "57297781af94a219006aa4a5": "sum of divisors function", + "57297781af94a219006aa4a7": "a modified version of the sieve that considers 1 as prime would eliminate all multiples of 1", + "572978f91d046914007794d3": "Rhind", "572978f91d046914007794d4": "Ancient Greeks", "572978f91d046914007794d5": "Euclid's Elements", "572978f91d046914007794d6": "Euclid", - "572978f91d046914007794d7": "a simple method to compute primes", + "572978f91d046914007794d7": "compute primes", "57297a276aef051400154f88": "1640", - "57297a276aef051400154f89": "Fermat's little theorem (later proved by Leibniz and Euler", + "57297a276aef051400154f89": "Euler", "57297a276aef051400154f8a": "22n + 1", - "57297a276aef051400154f8c": "22n + 1", - "57297a276aef051400154f8b": "n = 4 (or 216 + 1", - "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c7": "1 and less than or equal to the square root of n. If the result of any of these divisions is an integer", - "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c8": "checking the primality", - "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c9": "1 and less than or equal to the square root of n", - "57297bc9af94a219006aa4cb": "three", - "57297bc9af94a219006aa4ca": "1 and less than or equal to the square root of n", - "57297d421d046914007794e5": "two", - "57297d421d046914007794e6": "Monte Carlo", - "57297d421d046914007794e7": "Monte Carlo", - "57297d421d046914007794e8": "a deterministic algorithm because, if performed correctly, it will always identify a prime number as prime and a composite number as composite", + "57297a276aef051400154f8c": "2p \u2212 1, with p a prime", + "57297a276aef051400154f8b": "n = 4 (or 216 + 1)", + "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c7": "trial division", + "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c8": "if a complete list of primes up to is known", + "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c9": "1", + "57297bc9af94a219006aa4cb": "three divisions", + "57297bc9af94a219006aa4ca": "the square root of n", + "57297d421d046914007794e5": "two main classes", + "57297d421d046914007794e6": "probabilistic", + "57297d421d046914007794e7": "probabilistic", + "57297d421d046914007794e8": "deterministic", "57297d421d046914007794e9": "faster", - "57297ed93f37b3190047845f": "Fermat primality test, which relies on the fact (Fermat's little theorem", - "57297ed93f37b31900478460": "the fact", - "57297ed93f37b31900478461": "composite numbers", - "57297ed93f37b31900478462": "Fermat's little theorem", + "57297ed93f37b3190047845f": "Fermat primality test", + "57297ed93f37b31900478460": "the fact (Fermat's little theorem", + "57297ed93f37b31900478461": "composite numbers (the Carmichael numbers", + "57297ed93f37b31900478462": "Baillie-PSW", "57297ed93f37b31900478463": "Fermat's little theorem", - "572980f9af94a219006aa4d1": "the Sophie Germain primes", - "572980f9af94a219006aa4d2": "the Sophie Germain primes", + "572980f9af94a219006aa4d1": "2p + 1 with p prime", + "572980f9af94a219006aa4d2": "factorial primes", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d3": "The Lucas\u2013Lehmer test", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d4": "Sophie Germain primes", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d5": "Sophie Germain primes", "572982e66aef051400154f92": "distributed computing", "572982e66aef051400154f93": "2009", - "572982e66aef051400154f94": "US$100,000 prize", - "572982e66aef051400154f95": "The Electronic Frontier Foundation", - "572982e76aef051400154f96": "256kn + 1, 256k(n + 1) \u2212 1", - "572985011d04691400779501": "i.e., largest integer not greater than the number in question. The latter formula can be shown using Bertrand's postulate", + "572982e66aef051400154f94": "US$100,000", + "572982e66aef051400154f95": "Electronic Frontier Foundation", + "572982e76aef051400154f96": "256kn + 1, 256k(n + 1)", + "572985011d04691400779501": "floor function", "572985011d04691400779502": "Chebyshev", - "572985011d04691400779503": "Chebyshev), which states that there always exists at least one prime number p with n < p < 2n \u2212 2", - "572985011d04691400779504": "Chebyshev), which states that there always exists at least one prime number p with n < p < 2n \u2212 2", + "572985011d04691400779503": "n > 3", + "572985011d04691400779504": "at least one prime number p with n < p < 2n \u2212 2", "572985011d04691400779505": "Wilson's theorem", - "572987e46aef051400154fa2": "arithmetic progressions", - "572987e46aef051400154fa3": "i.e., their greatest common divisor", + "572987e46aef051400154fa2": "If this necessary condition is satisfied, Dirichlet's theorem on arithmetic progressions", + "572987e46aef051400154fa3": "Dirichlet's theorem on arithmetic progressions", "572987e46aef051400154fa4": "1/6", - "572987e46aef051400154fa5": "1", - "572987e46aef051400154fa6": "1/6", + "572987e46aef051400154fa5": "one prime number", + "572987e46aef051400154fa6": "one prime number. In all other rows", "572989846aef051400154fc0": "zeta function", - "572989846aef051400154fc1": "1", - "572989846aef051400154fc2": "\u03b6(1) would have a finite value", - "572989846aef051400154fc3": "1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 +", - "572989846aef051400154fc4": "Basel", + "572989846aef051400154fc1": "\u03b6(1)", + "572989846aef051400154fc2": "finite value", + "572989846aef051400154fc3": "exceeds any given number", + "572989846aef051400154fc4": "algebraic number theory", "57298ef11d0469140077952d": "1859", - "57298ef11d0469140077952e": "1/2", + "57298ef11d0469140077952e": "s = \u22122, \u22124", "57298ef11d0469140077952f": "random noise", - "57298ef11d04691400779530": "irregularity in the distribution of primes only comes from random noise", - "57298ef11d04691400779531": "irregularity in the distribution of primes only comes from random noise", - "57299021af94a219006aa50c": "Goldbach", + "57298ef11d04691400779530": "asymptotic", + "57298ef11d04691400779531": "asymptotic", + "57299021af94a219006aa50c": "Goldbach's conjecture", "57299021af94a219006aa50b": "1912", - "57299021af94a219006aa50d": "n = 2 \u00b7 1017", - "57299021af94a219006aa50e": "additive number theory", - "57299021af94a219006aa50f": "Goldbach's conjecture", - "572991943f37b319004784a1": "difference 2", - "572991943f37b319004784a2": "difference 2", - "572991943f37b319004784a3": "2n", + "57299021af94a219006aa50d": "all numbers up to n = 2 \u00b7 1017", + "57299021af94a219006aa50e": "Vinogradov's theorem says that every sufficiently large odd integer can be written as a sum of three primes. Chen's theorem", + "57299021af94a219006aa50f": "Vinogradov's theorem", + "572991943f37b319004784a1": "Polignac's conjecture", + "572991943f37b319004784a2": "primes with difference 2", + "572991943f37b319004784a3": "Polignac's conjecture", "572991943f37b319004784a4": "n2 + 1", - "572991943f37b319004784a5": "stronger Cram\u00e9r's conjecture", - "57299326af94a219006aa515": "canonical example of pure mathematics", + "572991943f37b319004784a5": "H. Brocard", + "57299326af94a219006aa515": "number theory", "57299326af94a219006aa516": "G. H. Hardy", "57299326af94a219006aa517": "1970s", "57299326af94a219006aa518": "pseudorandom number generators", "57299326af94a219006aa519": "hash tables and pseudorandom number generators", - "572995d46aef051400154fe8": "2 and 5, 1/p is always a recurring decimal", - "572995d46aef051400154fe9": "\u2212 1", - "572995d46aef051400154fea": "integer n > 4", - "572995d46aef051400154feb": "integer n > 4", - "572995d46aef051400154fec": "fraction 1/p expressed likewise in base q (rather than base 10) has similar effect", - "572996c73f37b319004784b3": "RSA and the Diffie\u2013Hellman key exchange, are based on large prime numbers", - "572996c73f37b319004784b4": "RSA and the Diffie\u2013Hellman key exchange, are based on large prime numbers", - "572996c73f37b319004784b5": "512-bit primes are frequently used for RSA and 1024", - "572996c73f37b319004784b6": "large prime numbers", - "572996c73f37b319004784b7": "512-bit primes are frequently used for RSA and 1024", - "572998673f37b319004784d5": "Magicicada", + "572995d46aef051400154fe8": "always a recurring decimal, whose period is p \u2212 1 or a divisor of p \u2212 1", + "572995d46aef051400154fe9": "\u2212 1 or a divisor of p \u2212 1", + "572995d46aef051400154fea": "(p \u2212 1)", + "572995d46aef051400154feb": "(n \u2212 1)", + "572995d46aef051400154fec": "base q", + "572996c73f37b319004784b3": "Diffie\u2013Hellman key exchange", + "572996c73f37b319004784b4": "Diffie\u2013Hellman key exchange", + "572996c73f37b319004784b5": "512", + "572996c73f37b319004784b6": "modular exponentiation", + "572996c73f37b319004784b7": "512", + "572998673f37b319004784d5": "cicadas of the genus Magicicada", "572998673f37b319004784d6": "as grubs underground", - "572998673f37b319004784d7": "13 or 17 years", - "572998673f37b319004784d8": "Magicicadas", + "572998673f37b319004784d7": "17", + "572998673f37b319004784d8": "prime number intervals between emergences make it very difficult for predators to evolve that could specialize as predators on Magicicadas", "572998673f37b319004784d9": "2%", "57299a6f6aef051400155016": "minimality or indecomposability", - "57299a6f6aef051400155017": "smallest subfield of a field F containing both 0 and 1", + "57299a6f6aef051400155017": "the smallest subfield", "57299a6f6aef051400155019": "as a connected sum of prime knots", "57299a6f6aef05140015501a": "any object can be, essentially uniquely, decomposed into its prime components", - "57299a6f6aef051400155018": "sum of prime knots", - "57299c2c6aef051400155020": "irreducible elements", - "57299c2c6aef051400155021": "subtraction and multiplication are defined: prime elements and irreducible elements", - "57299c2c6aef051400155022": "subtraction and multiplication are defined: prime elements and irreducible elements", - "57299c2c6aef051400155023": "zero nor a unit (i.e., does not have a multiplicative inverse", - "57299c2c6aef051400155024": "if it is neither zero", - "57299d1c1d04691400779581": "arithmetic", - "57299d1c1d04691400779582": "the Gaussian integers Z", - "57299d1c1d04691400779583": "a + bi where i denotes the imaginary unit and a and b are arbitrary integers", + "57299a6f6aef051400155018": "it cannot be written as the knot sum of two nontrivial knots", + "57299c2c6aef051400155020": "commutative ring R", + "57299c2c6aef051400155021": "Prime numbers", + "57299c2c6aef051400155022": "Prime numbers", + "57299c2c6aef051400155023": "if it is neither zero nor a unit", + "57299c2c6aef051400155024": "if it is not a unit and cannot be written as a product of two ring elements that are not units", + "57299d1c1d04691400779581": "The fundamental theorem of arithmetic", + "57299d1c1d04691400779582": "Gaussian integers Z", + "57299d1c1d04691400779583": "a + bi", "57299d1c1d04691400779584": "imaginary unit and a and b are arbitrary integers", - "57299d1c1d04691400779585": "4k + 1", + "57299d1c1d04691400779585": "4k + 1 are not", "57299ec43f37b3190047850d": "ring theory", - "57299ec43f37b3190047850e": "a prime element is a prime ideal", - "57299ec43f37b3190047850f": "commutative algebra", - "57299ec43f37b31900478510": "Noether theorem", + "57299ec43f37b3190047850e": "ideal. Prime ideals, which generalize prime elements in the sense that the principal ideal generated by a prime element is a prime ideal", + "57299ec43f37b3190047850f": "ring theory", + "57299ec43f37b31900478510": "fundamental theorem of arithmetic", "57299ec43f37b31900478511": "Noetherian", "5729a03f1d04691400779593": "Prime ideals", - "5729a03f1d04691400779594": "ramification of prime ideals when lifted to an extension field", - "5729a03f1d04691400779595": "Arithmetic geometry", - "5729a03f1d04691400779596": "integers", - "5729a26d6aef05140015505a": "filling the gaps) with respect to the absolute value yields the field of real numbers", - "5729a26d6aef05140015505b": "the completed (or local) fields", - "5729a26d6aef05140015505c": "absolute value yields the field of real numbers", - "5729a26d6aef05140015505d": "local-global principle again underlines the importance of primes to number theory", + "5729a03f1d04691400779594": "the notion of the spectrum of a ring", + "5729a03f1d04691400779595": "the ring of integers of quadratic number fields", + "5729a03f1d04691400779596": "the solvability", + "5729a26d6aef05140015505a": "gets smaller", + "5729a26d6aef05140015505b": "back and forth to the completed (or local) fields", + "5729a26d6aef05140015505c": "p-adic norm", + "5729a26d6aef05140015505d": "local-global principle", "5729a3716aef05140015506a": "Olivier Messiaen", - "5729a3716aef05140015506b": "La Nativit\u00e9 du Seigneur", - "5729a3716aef05140015506c": "La Nativit\u00e9 du Seigneur", - "5729a3716aef05140015506d": "third \u00e9tude", - "5729a3716aef05140015506e": "the movements of nature", - "572f5533a23a5019007fc55b": "Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden", - "572f5533a23a5019007fc55c": "Cologne", + "5729a3716aef05140015506b": "La Nativit\u00e9 du Seigneur (1935) and Quatre \u00e9tudes de rythme", + "5729a3716aef05140015506c": "La Nativit\u00e9 du Seigneur (1935) and Quatre \u00e9tudes de rythme", + "5729a3716aef05140015506d": "third", + "5729a3716aef05140015506e": "nature", + "572f5533a23a5019007fc55b": "the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden", + "572f5533a23a5019007fc55c": "North Sea in the Netherlands", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55d": "Cologne", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55e": "Cologne", - "572f5533a23a5019007fc55f": "1,230 km", - "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e37": "Cologne", - "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3a": "Netherlands", - "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3b": "1,230 km", + "572f5533a23a5019007fc55f": "1,230 km (760 mi)", + "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e37": "Cologne, Germany", + "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3a": "the Netherlands", + "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3b": "1,230 km (760 mi)", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56b": "Gaulish name R\u0113nos", - "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56c": "Rh- in English Rhine as well as in German Rhein and French Rhin", + "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56c": "Rhin", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56d": "*R\u012bnaz", - "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56e": "1st century BC", + "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56e": "Gaulish name R\u0113nos", "572fe288a23a5019007fcad7": "Gaulish name R\u0113nos", - "572fe288a23a5019007fcad8": "Rh- in English Rhine as well as in German Rhein and French Rhin", - "572fe288a23a5019007fcada": "Rh- in English Rhine as well as in German Rhein and French Rhin", + "572fe288a23a5019007fcad8": "Rhin", + "572fe288a23a5019007fcada": "Rh- in English Rhine", "572fe288a23a5019007fcad9": "*R\u012bnaz", - "572fe288a23a5019007fcadb": "Gaulish name R\u0113nos, which was adapted in Roman-era geography (1st century BC", + "572fe288a23a5019007fcadb": "Gaulish name R\u0113nos", "572f567cb2c2fd140056803f": "\"Rhine-kilometers\" (Rheinkilometer", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568040": "1939", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568041": "Hoek van Holland", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568042": "Hoek van Holland", - "572f567cb2c2fd1400568043": "canalisation", - "572fe393947a6a140053cdba": "\"Rhine-kilometers\"", + "572f567cb2c2fd1400568043": "the river's natural course", + "572fe393947a6a140053cdba": "\"Rhine-kilometers", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbb": "1939", - "572fe393947a6a140053cdbc": "Hoek van Holland", - "572fe393947a6a140053cdbe": "natural course due to number of canalisation", - "572fe393947a6a140053cdbd": "Hoek van Holland", + "572fe393947a6a140053cdbc": "Old Rhine Bridge at Constance (0 km) to Hoek van Holland (1036.20 km)", + "572fe393947a6a140053cdbe": "number of canalisation projects completed in the 19th and 20th century", + "572fe393947a6a140053cdbd": "Hoek van Holland (1036.20 km)", "572f5703a23a5019007fc573": "north", - "572f5703a23a5019007fc574": "86 km long", - "572f5703a23a5019007fc575": "the Rhine Valley (German: Rheintal). Near Sargans a natural dam", - "572f5703a23a5019007fc576": "the Rhine Valley", - "572f5703a23a5019007fc577": "Austria", + "572f5703a23a5019007fc574": "nearly 86 km long", + "572f5703a23a5019007fc575": "a wide glacial alpine valley", + "572f5703a23a5019007fc576": "Near Sargans", + "572f5703a23a5019007fc577": "the West and Liechtenstein and later Austria to the East", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4b": "near Chur", - "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4c": "86 km long", + "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4c": "nearly 86 km long", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4d": "599 m to 396 m", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4e": "the Rhine Valley", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4f": "Switzerland to the West and Liechtenstein", "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686d": "Lake Constance", - "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686e": "the Alter Rhein", - "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686f": "a modern canalized section. Most of the delta is a nature reserve and bird sanctuary", - "572f57c704bcaa1900d76870": "precipitating sediments", - "572f57c704bcaa1900d76871": "Gai\u00dfau, H\u00f6chst and Fu\u00dfach", + "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686e": "the Alter Rhein (\"Old Rhine\")", + "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686f": "Alter Rhein (\"Old Rhine\") and in the East by a modern canalized section", + "572f57c704bcaa1900d76870": "Isel\"", + "572f57c704bcaa1900d76871": "sediments", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e55": "Lake Constance", - "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e56": "the Alter Rhein", - "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e57": "the Alter Rhein", - "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e58": "precipitating sediments", - "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e59": "precipitating sediments", - "572f5875947a6a140053c89a": "near Diepoldsau and a lower canal at Fu\u00dfach", - "572f5875947a6a140053c89b": "Fu\u00dfach", - "572f5875947a6a140053c89c": "counteract the constant flooding and strong sedimentation", + "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e56": "Alter Rhein (\"Old Rhine\") and in the East by a modern canalized section", + "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e57": "Alter Rhein (\"Old Rhine\")", + "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e58": "small islands by precipitating sediments", + "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e59": "Alemannic", + "572f5875947a6a140053c89a": "near Diepoldsau", + "572f5875947a6a140053c89b": "to counteract the constant flooding and strong sedimentation in the western Rhine Delta.", + "572f5875947a6a140053c89c": "strong sedimentation in the western Rhine Delta", "572f5875947a6a140053c89d": "parallel to the canalized Rhine into the lake", - "572f5875947a6a140053c89e": "lighter suspended load comes from higher up the mountains", + "572f5875947a6a140053c89e": "lighter suspended load", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e69": "Fu\u00dfach", - "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6b": "counteract the constant flooding", - "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6a": "near Diepoldsau and a lower canal at Fu\u00dfach", + "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6b": "in order to counteract the constant flooding and strong sedimentation in the western Rhine Delta", + "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6a": "near Diepoldsau", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6c": "The Dornbirner Ach", - "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6d": "continuous input of sediment", + "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6d": "the continuous input of sediment into the lake", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57d": "three", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc580": "lower lake", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57e": "Seerhein", - "572f58d9a23a5019007fc581": "Swiss-Austrian border", + "572f58d9a23a5019007fc581": "the Swiss-Austrian border", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57f": "upper lake", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858b": "three", - "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858c": "Austria near the Alps", - "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858d": "Germany, Switzerland and Austria near the Alps", + "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858c": "Austria", + "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858d": "German states of Bavaria and Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858e": "Germany", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858f": "Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg", - "572f59b4a23a5019007fc587": "because of the greater density of cold water", + "572f59b4a23a5019007fc587": "greater density of cold water", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc58a": "Lake \u00dcberlingen", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc588": "Upper Lake", - "572f59b4a23a5019007fc58b": "fraction", + "572f59b4a23a5019007fc58b": "northern", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc589": "Lindau", - "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e95": "Upper Lake", - "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e96": "Lindau", - "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e97": "Upper Lake", + "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e95": "Rheinrinne (\"Rhine Gutter\")", + "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e96": "Lake \u00dcberlingen", + "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e97": "Lake \u00dcberlingen", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e98": "Rhine Gutter", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e99": "the water level", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5af": "westward", - "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b0": "river Aare", - "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b1": "more than a fifth", - "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b2": "Finsteraarhorn, the highest point of the Rhine basin", - "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b3": "Basel, leaving Switzerland", - "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde0": "westward", - "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde1": "river Aare", - "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde2": "nearly 1,000 m3/s (35,000 cu ft/s), and provides more than a fifth", + "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b0": "the river Aare", + "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b1": "4,274 m", + "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b2": "Finsteraarhorn", + "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b3": "Basel", + "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde0": "German-Swiss border", + "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde1": "the river Aare", + "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde2": "4,274 m", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde3": "Finsteraarhorn", - "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde4": "Lake Constance with the exceptions of the canton of Schaffhausen and parts of the cantons of Z\u00fcrich and Basel-Stadt", - "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ea": "the centre of Basel", - "572f60f4947a6a140053c8eb": "\"Rhine knee", - "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ec": "Legally, the Central Bridge", - "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ed": "300 km", - "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ee": "40 km wide", - "572fec30947a6a140053cdf2": "Basel", - "572fec30947a6a140053cdf3": "\"Rhine knee", + "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde4": "Z\u00fcrich", + "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ea": "centre of Basel", + "572f60f4947a6a140053c8eb": "Rhine knee\"", + "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ec": "the Central Bridge", + "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ed": "300 km long and up to 40 km wide", + "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ee": "about 300 km long and up to 40 km wide", + "572fec30947a6a140053cdf2": "centre of Basel", + "572fec30947a6a140053cdf3": "\"Rhine knee\"", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf4": "North", - "572fec30947a6a140053cdf5": "High Rhine", - "572fec30947a6a140053cdf6": "Legally, the Central Bridge is the boundary between High and Upper Rhine", + "572fec30947a6a140053cdf5": "the High Rhine ends", + "572fec30947a6a140053cdf6": "the Central Bridge", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b7": "19th Century", - "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b8": "increased and the ground water level fell significantly. Dead branches dried up and the amount of forests on the flood plains decreased sharply", - "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b9": "Dead branches dried up and the amount of forests on the flood plains decreased sharply", + "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b8": "increased", + "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b9": "fell significantly", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680ba": "Grand Canal d'Alsace", - "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680bb": "large compensation pools", + "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680bb": "compensation pools", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5b": "Upper Rhine region", - "572feddda23a5019007fcb5c": "19th Century", - "572feddda23a5019007fcb5d": "Dead branches dried up and the amount of forests on the flood plains decreased sharply", - "572feddda23a5019007fcb5e": "Dead branches dried up and the amount of forests on the flood plains decreased sharply", - "572feddda23a5019007fcb5f": "the Grand Canal d'Alsace was dug", - "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cc": "Germany", - "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cd": "11,000 cu ft/s)", + "572feddda23a5019007fcb5c": "the 19th Century", + "572feddda23a5019007fcb5d": "increased", + "572feddda23a5019007fcb5e": "The rate of flow was increased", + "572feddda23a5019007fcb5f": "the Grand Canal d'Alsace", + "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cc": "Moselle", + "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cd": "300 m3/s (11,000 cu ft/s)", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cb": "The Rhine", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680ce": "Moselle", - "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cf": "400 m (1,300 ft", + "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cf": "400 m", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef5": "Germany", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef6": "Germany", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef7": "the Neckar, the Main and, later, the Moselle", - "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef8": "France", - "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef9": "more than 300 m3/s", - "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5eb": "Middle Rhine flows through the Rhine Gorge", - "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ec": "Middle Rhine flows through the Rhine Gorge", - "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ed": "erosion", + "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef8": "Northeastern France", + "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef9": "2,290 m3/s (81,000 cu ft/s)", + "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5eb": "Middle Rhine", + "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ec": "the Rhine Gorge", + "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ed": "by erosion", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ee": "the Romantic Rhine", - "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76eff": "Middle Rhine flows through the Rhine Gorge", + "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76eff": "Middle Rhine", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f00": "the Rhine Gorge", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f02": "castles and vineyards", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f03": "the Romantic Rhine", "572f6c85947a6a140053c940": "plants and factories", "572f6c85947a6a140053c942": "Duisburg", - "572f6c85947a6a140053c943": "Ruhr", + "572f6c85947a6a140053c943": "The Ruhr", "572f6c85947a6a140053c944": "drinking water", - "572f6c85947a6a140053c941": "Lower Rhine that the bulk of them are concentrated, as the river passes the major cities of Cologne, D\u00fcsseldorf and Duisburg", + "572f6c85947a6a140053c941": "Switzerland", "572ff293947a6a140053ce52": "water pollution", - "572ff293947a6a140053ce53": "Duisburg", + "572ff293947a6a140053ce53": "Lower Rhine", "572ff293947a6a140053ce54": "Switzerland", "572ff293947a6a140053ce55": "Duisburg", - "572ff293947a6a140053ce56": "Ruhr", + "572ff293947a6a140053ce56": "The Ruhr", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc621": "tourism", - "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc622": "The Rhine Gorge between R\u00fcdesheim am Rhein and Koblenz", - "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc623": "the Rhine flows", + "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc622": "R\u00fcdesheim am Rhein", + "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc623": "the Rhine flows around the famous rock Lorelei", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc624": "Middle Rhine Valley", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce66": "tourism", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce67": "a UNESCO World Heritage Site", - "572ff35f947a6a140053ce68": "R\u00fcdesheim am Rhein", - "572ff35f947a6a140053ce69": "Near Sankt Goarshausen", - "572ff35f947a6a140053ce6a": "Near Sankt Goarshausen", + "572ff35f947a6a140053ce68": "R\u00fcdesheim", + "572ff35f947a6a140053ce69": "rock Lorelei", + "572ff35f947a6a140053ce6a": "Near Sankt Goarshausen, the Rhine flows around the famous rock Lorelei", "572f7588947a6a140053c984": "Duisburg", - "572f7588947a6a140053c985": "30 km downstream of Duisburg, is located the western end of the second east-west shipping route", + "572f7588947a6a140053c985": "the Wesel-Datteln Canal, which runs parallel to the Lippe", "572f7588947a6a140053c986": "the Lippe", - "572f7588947a6a140053c987": "Duisburg", + "572f7588947a6a140053c987": "Emmerich Rhine Bridge", "572f7588947a6a140053c988": "400 m wide river", - "572ff430a23a5019007fcba9": "Lower Rhine flows through North Rhine-Westphalia", - "572ff430a23a5019007fcbaa": "Duisburg", - "572ff430a23a5019007fcbab": "Duisburg", - "572ff430a23a5019007fcbac": "Duisburg", + "572ff430a23a5019007fcba9": "The Lower Rhine", + "572ff430a23a5019007fcbaa": "the Rhine-Ruhr region", + "572ff430a23a5019007fcbab": "Duisburg with the largest river port in Europe (Duisport", + "572ff430a23a5019007fcbac": "Emmerich Rhine Bridge", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbad": "400 m wide river", - "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568154": "Waal and then, via the Merwede and Nieuwe Merwede (De Biesbosch), merging with the Meuse", - "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568153": "Merwede and Nieuwe Merwede", + "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568154": "the Meuse", + "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568153": "Rijn", "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568155": "Two thirds", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f24": "farther west", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f25": "farther west", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f26": "the Meuse", - "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f27": "Dordrecht", - "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a2": "one ninth", - "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a3": "IJssel and Nederrijn", + "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f27": "The Oude Maas", + "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a2": "the IJssel and Nederrijn", + "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a3": "Nederrijn", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a4": "the Lek", - "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a5": "Noord River into the Nieuwe Maas and to the North Sea", - "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2d": "one ninth of the water flow of the Rhine north", - "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2e": "the IJssel and Nederrijn. The IJssel branch carries one ninth of the water flow of the Rhine north", - "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2f": "two ninths", - "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f30": "Lek", - "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f31": "Lek", + "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a5": "Noord River into the Nieuwe Maas", + "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2d": "the IJssel and Nederrijn", + "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2e": "redistributes", + "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2f": "one ninth", + "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f30": "the Lek", + "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f31": "the Lek", "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568657": "Rijn", - "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568658": "Roman times. Though they retained the name, these streams no longer carry water from the Rhine, but are used for draining the surrounding land and polders", + "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568658": "for draining the surrounding land and polders", "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568659": "Kromme Rijn", "572ff5fcb2c2fd140056865a": "Kromme Rijn", "572ff5fcb2c2fd140056865b": "a sluice", - "572ff673b2c2fd1400568669": "Rhine-Meuse Delta", - "572ff673b2c2fd140056866a": "near Millingen aan de Rijn", - "572ff673b2c2fd140056866b": "Rhine-Meuse Delta", + "572ff673b2c2fd1400568669": "The Rhine-Meuse Delta", + "572ff673b2c2fd140056866a": "Millingen aan de Rijn", + "572ff673b2c2fd140056866b": "Rhine-Meuse", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f51": "Waal and Pannerdens Kanaal", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f52": "three", - "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f53": "Boven Merwede", - "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f55": "North River\"), Nieuwe Maas (\"New Meuse\"), Het Scheur", - "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f54": "North River\"), Nieuwe Maas", - "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568681": "St. Elizabeth's flood", + "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f53": "Waal", + "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f55": "Old Meuse", + "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f54": "the Rip\"", + "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568681": "St. Elizabeth's", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568682": "1421", - "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568683": "bay Hollands Diep", + "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568683": "former bay Hollands Diep", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568685": "1421 to 1904", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568684": "an archipelago-like estuary", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbce": "drainage channels", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbcf": "The construction of Delta Works", - "572ff890a23a5019007fcbcd": "dammed\") and now serve as drainage channels", - "572ff890a23a5019007fcbd0": "second half of the 20th Century", + "572ff890a23a5019007fcbcd": "dammed\"", + "572ff890a23a5019007fcbd0": "the second half of the 20th Century", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869b": "tidal delta", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869c": "tidal currents", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869d": "strong tidal currents could tear huge areas of land into the sea", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869e": "Zaltbommel", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbe9": "Tethys sea", - "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbeb": "Jurassic Period", + "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbeb": "Jurassic", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbec": "Mediterranean geography", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbea": "Triassic Period of the Mesozoic Era", - "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbed": "laterally, generating the individual features of Mediterranean geography: Iberia", - "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b7": "N\u2013S rift system", - "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b8": "the Upper Rhine Graben", + "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbed": "Iberia", + "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b7": "a N\u2013S", + "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b8": "the Upper Rhine Graben, in southwest Germany and eastern France and the Lower Rhine Embayment", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b9": "the Miocene", - "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686ba": "the Alps", - "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef0": "Through stream capture, the Rhine extended its watershed southward", - "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef1": "Pleistocene period", - "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef2": "Vosges Mountains", - "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc15": "11,600 years ago", + "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686ba": "Rhone and Danube", + "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef0": "Through stream capture", + "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef1": "Pliocene period", + "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef2": "down to the Vosges Mountains", + "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc15": "geological period of the Ice Ages", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc16": "six", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc17": "120 m (390 ft)", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc18": "northwest", - "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc19": "Brest", - "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e5": "74,000 (BP = Before Present), until the end of the Pleistocene", - "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e6": "74,000 (BP = Before Present), until the end of the Pleistocene", - "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e7": "lower Rhine flowed roughly west through the Netherlands and extended to the southwest", + "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc19": "offshore of Brest, France and rivers", + "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e5": "~74,000", + "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e6": "the end of the Pleistocene", + "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e7": "west through the Netherlands and extended to the southwest", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e8": "120 m", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e9": "dry land", "572fff45947a6a140053cf26": "a glacier", - "572fff45947a6a140053cf27": "A tundra, with Ice Age flora and fauna", + "572fff45947a6a140053cf27": "A tundra", "572fff45947a6a140053cf28": "ca. 22,000\u201314,000 yr BP", - "572fff45947a6a140053cf29": "tundra", - "572fff45947a6a140053cf2a": "loess", + "572fff45947a6a140053cf29": "ice-sheets", + "572fff45947a6a140053cf2a": "The loess", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76fef": "22,000 years ago", - "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff0": "thaw and fall-winter snow covers melted in spring. Much of the discharge was routed to the Rhine and its downstream extension", - "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff1": "Rhine", - "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff2": "9000", - "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff3": "9000", + "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff0": "to thaw and fall-winter snow covers melted in spring", + "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff1": "the Rhine", + "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff2": "13,000 BP", + "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff3": "9000 BP", "573003dd947a6a140053cf42": "7500 yr ago", - "573003dd947a6a140053cf43": "Rates of sea-level rise had dropped so far", - "573003dd947a6a140053cf44": "7000 years", + "573003dd947a6a140053cf43": "Rates of sea-level rise", + "573003dd947a6a140053cf44": "last 7000 years", "573003dd947a6a140053cf45": "due to ongoing tectonic subsidence", - "573003dd947a6a140053cf46": "at the rate of about 1\u20133 cm (0.39\u20131.18 in) per century", + "573003dd947a6a140053cf46": "rate of about 1\u20133 cm", "5730042804bcaa1900d77011": "~11,700 years ago", "5730042804bcaa1900d77014": "~8,000 years ago", "5730042804bcaa1900d77012": "Late-Glacial valley", - "5730042804bcaa1900d77013": "Netherlands", - "57300580b2c2fd140056874d": "~3000 yr BP", - "57300580b2c2fd140056874f": "sped up", - "57300580b2c2fd140056874e": "flooding and sedimentation", + "5730042804bcaa1900d77013": "the Netherlands", + "57300580b2c2fd140056874d": "Since ~3000 yr BP", + "57300580b2c2fd140056874f": "flooding", + "57300580b2c2fd140056874e": "sediment load", "57300580b2c2fd1400568751": "11\u201313th century AD", - "57300580b2c2fd1400568750": "80", - "5730069004bcaa1900d7702d": "North Sea", - "5730069004bcaa1900d7702e": "digging of the Pannerdens canal", - "5730069004bcaa1900d7702f": "north and enters the IJsselmeer, formerly the Zuider Zee brackish lagoon", - "5730069004bcaa1900d77030": "IJsselmeer, formerly the Zuider Zee brackish lagoon", + "57300580b2c2fd1400568750": "approximately 80", + "5730069004bcaa1900d7702d": "the North Sea", + "5730069004bcaa1900d7702e": "(2/9 of total discharge", + "5730069004bcaa1900d7702f": "to the north", + "5730069004bcaa1900d77030": "freshwater lake", "5730069004bcaa1900d77031": "three", "57300761947a6a140053cf9a": "1st century BC", "57300761947a6a140053cf9b": "Germania", - "57300761947a6a140053cf9c": "6th century BC, and by the 1st century BC", + "57300761947a6a140053cf9c": "6th century BC", "57300761947a6a140053cf9d": "Herodotus", - "573007fab2c2fd140056876b": "14 until after AD 70", + "573007fab2c2fd140056876b": "AD 14 until after AD 70", "573007fab2c2fd140056876c": "upper Danube", - "573007fab2c2fd140056876d": "until the empire fell", - "573007fab2c2fd140056876f": "northern section of this frontier", - "573007fab2c2fd140056876e": "deep and broad", - "57300888b2c2fd1400568775": "eight", - "57300888b2c2fd1400568777": "the army of Germania Inferior, two legions at Vetera (Xanten), I Germanica and XX Valeria (Pannonian troops", - "57300888b2c2fd1400568778": "Colonia Agrippina", - "57300888b2c2fd1400568776": "a state or threat of war existed", - "57300888b2c2fd1400568779": "town of the Ubii\"", - "57300911947a6a140053cfb6": "5th century", - "57300911947a6a140053cfb7": "the kingdoms of Francia", + "573007fab2c2fd140056876d": "the empire fell", + "573007fab2c2fd140056876f": "river eastwards", + "573007fab2c2fd140056876e": "The southern part", + "57300888b2c2fd1400568775": "eight legions", + "57300888b2c2fd1400568777": "Pannonian troops", + "57300888b2c2fd1400568778": "oppidum Ubiorum", + "57300888b2c2fd1400568776": "whether a state or threat of war existed", + "57300888b2c2fd1400568779": "oppidum Ubiorum", + "57300911947a6a140053cfb6": "in the Migration period, by the 5th century", + "57300911947a6a140053cfb7": "kingdoms of Francia", "57300911947a6a140053cfb8": "dragons rock", - "57300911947a6a140053cfb9": "Nibelungenlied which tells of the hero Siegfried killing a dragon on the Drachenfels", - "57300911947a6a140053cfba": "the Nibelungenlied", - "573009a004bcaa1900d7704f": "10th century", + "57300911947a6a140053cfb9": "Siegfried", + "57300911947a6a140053cfba": "Hagen", + "573009a004bcaa1900d7704f": "By the 6th century", "573009a004bcaa1900d77050": "10th century", "573009a004bcaa1900d77051": "Lower Lorraine", "573009a004bcaa1900d77052": "Archduke Sigismund of Austria", "573009a004bcaa1900d77053": "1469", - "57300a25a23a5019007fcc97": "natural borders", - "57300a25a23a5019007fcc98": "natural borders", + "57300a25a23a5019007fcc97": "the Peace of Westphalia, the Upper Rhine formed a contentious border between France and Germany. Establishing \"natural borders\"", + "57300a25a23a5019007fcc98": "natural borders\"", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc99": "Napoleon", - "57300a25a23a5019007fcc9a": "1806 and lasted until 1814", + "57300a25a23a5019007fcc9a": "1814", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc9b": "1840", - "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77063": "1935", + "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77063": "end of World War I", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77064": "1935", - "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77065": "the German army", - "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77066": "demilitarised zone", + "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77065": "German army", + "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77066": "Adolf Hitler's rise to power", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77067": "1936", - "57300bf504bcaa1900d77087": "Remagen", - "57300bf504bcaa1900d77088": "an invasion of Western Europe during the Cold War", + "57300bf504bcaa1900d77087": "Arnhem", + "57300bf504bcaa1900d77088": "a formidable natural obstacle", "57300bf504bcaa1900d77089": "September 1944", - "57300bf504bcaa1900d7708a": "Ludendorff Bridge, crossing the Rhine at Remagen", - "57300bf504bcaa1900d7708b": "an invasion of Western Europe during the Cold War", + "57300bf504bcaa1900d7708a": "the Ludendorff Bridge", + "57300bf504bcaa1900d7708b": "invasion of Western Europe", "57300c67947a6a140053cff0": "1,230 kilometres (764 miles)", - "57300c67947a6a140053cff1": "German encyclopedia Knaurs Lexikon", + "57300c67947a6a140053cff1": "Knaurs Lexikon", "57300c67947a6a140053cff3": "typographical error", - "57300c67947a6a140053cff2": "1,230 kilometres (764 miles). In 1932 the German encyclopedia Knaurs Lexikon", + "57300c67947a6a140053cff2": "1,230 kilometres (764 miles)", "57300c68947a6a140053cff4": "2010", - "572fac17947a6a140053cb54": "1997, in which the Scottish electorate voted for devolution, the current Parliament was convened by the Scotland Act 1998", + "572fac17947a6a140053cb54": "1998", "572fac17947a6a140053cb55": "Scotland Act 1998", - "572fac17947a6a140053cb56": "the Parliament \u2013 the areas in which it can make laws \u2013 by explicitly specifying powers that are \"reserved\" to the Parliament of the United Kingdom", - "572fac17947a6a140053cb57": "the Parliament of the United Kingdom", + "572fac17947a6a140053cb56": "the areas in which it can make laws \u2013 by explicitly specifying powers that are \"reserved\" to the Parliament of the United Kingdom", + "572fac17947a6a140053cb57": "Parliament of the United Kingdom", "572fac17947a6a140053cb58": "Westminster", - "572facb0a23a5019007fc863": "the lack of a Parliament of Scotland", - "572facb0a23a5019007fc864": "three hundred years", + "572facb0a23a5019007fc863": "lack of a Parliament", + "572facb0a23a5019007fc864": "three", "572facb0a23a5019007fc865": "the outbreak of the First World War", - "572facb0a23a5019007fc866": "late 1960s", - "572facb0a23a5019007fc867": "majority of domestic Scottish affairs", + "572facb0a23a5019007fc866": "1960s", + "572facb0a23a5019007fc867": "a directly elected Scottish Assembly", "572fad30a23a5019007fc86d": "North Sea", - "572fad30a23a5019007fc86e": "the Scottish National Party (SNP) resulted in rising support for Scottish independence", + "572fad30a23a5019007fc86e": "Scotland's oil\"", "572fad30a23a5019007fc870": "1974", - "572fad30a23a5019007fc86f": "rising support for Scottish independence, as well as the SNP. The party argued that the revenues from the oil were not benefitting Scotland", + "572fad30a23a5019007fc86f": "not benefitting Scotland", "572fad30a23a5019007fc871": "1978", "572fadcbb2c2fd1400568329": "Edinburgh", - "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832a": "40%", + "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832a": "51.6% in favour of a Scottish Assembly, this figure did not equal the 40%", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832c": "51.6%", - "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832b": "failed", - "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832d": "51.6%", + "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832b": "Scottish devolution", + "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832d": "32.9%", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76bdf": "Scottish Parliament", - "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be0": "the Conservative Party", - "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be1": "1995", + "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be0": "Conservative Party", + "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be1": "1989", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be2": "devolution", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568333": "Holyrood area of Edinburgh", - "572faec7b2c2fd1400568334": "Spanish architect Enric Miralles", + "572faec7b2c2fd1400568334": "Enric Miralles", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568335": "Spanish", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568336": "leaf-shaped", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568337": "Queen Elizabeth II", "572faf74b2c2fd1400568349": "the meeting of the Church's General Assembly", - "572faf74b2c2fd1400568347": "the General Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland", + "572faf74b2c2fd1400568347": "General Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland", "572faf74b2c2fd1400568348": "the courtyard adjoining the Assembly Hall", "572faf74b2c2fd140056834b": "University of Aberdeen", - "572faf74b2c2fd140056834a": "Strathclyde Regional Council debating chamber in Glasgow, and to the University of Aberdeen", + "572faf74b2c2fd140056834a": "Strathclyde Regional Council debating chamber in Glasgow", "572fb059947a6a140053cb80": "the City of Edinburgh Council", "572fb059947a6a140053cb81": "Lothian Regional Council on George IV Bridge", "572fb059947a6a140053cb82": "demolished", "572fb059947a6a140053cb83": "Parliament Square", - "572fb059947a6a140053cb84": "the main hall", - "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c15": "Parliament elects one MSP", - "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c16": "Elaine Smith and John Scott", - "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c17": "a secret ballot of the 129 MSPs", - "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c18": "two MSPs to serve as deputies (currently Elaine Smith and John Scott). The Presiding Officer and deputies are elected by a secret ballot of the 129", - "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c19": "parliamentary clerks", - "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f7": "the Presiding Officer", + "572fb059947a6a140053cb84": "main hall", + "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c15": "one MSP", + "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c16": "Tricia Marwick", + "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c17": "secret", + "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c18": "129", + "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c19": "A vote clerk", + "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f7": "Presiding Officer", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f8": "Convening the Parliamentary Bureau", - "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f9": "five", - "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8fa": "The Presiding Officer", - "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5b": "hemicycle", - "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5c": "a hemicycle", + "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f9": "five or more", + "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8fa": "Presiding Officer", + "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5b": "131 seats", + "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5c": "hemicycle", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5d": "131", - "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5e": "129 are occupied by the Parliament's elected MSPs and 2", + "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5e": "131 seats, 129 are occupied by the Parliament's elected MSPs and 2", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5f": "speak in the plenary meetings of the Parliament but, as they are not elected MSPs, cannot vote", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc938": "Scottish rivers", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc937": "silver", - "572fbf21a23a5019007fc93a": "the Queen", + "572fbf21a23a5019007fc93a": "Queen", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc939": "Wisdom, Compassion, Justice and Integrity", - "572fbf21a23a5019007fc93b": "a glass case suspended from the lid", + "572fbf21a23a5019007fc93b": "glass case", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c73": "April and October", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c74": "the debating chamber", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c75": "the public", - "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c76": "limited space", + "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c76": "free", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c77": "the Official Report", "572fc043a23a5019007fc95d": "Wednesdays", - "572fc043a23a5019007fc95e": "four minutes", - "572fc043a23a5019007fc960": "the Presiding Officer", + "572fc043a23a5019007fc95e": "up to four minutes", + "572fc043a23a5019007fc960": "Presiding Officer on the advice of the parliamentary bureau", "572fc043a23a5019007fc95f": "religious beliefs", - "572fc043a23a5019007fc961": "parliamentary bureau", - "572fc41f947a6a140053cc80": "Presiding Officer (or Deputy Presiding Officer", - "572fc41f947a6a140053cc81": "debates", - "572fc41f947a6a140053cc82": "different viewpoints and political parties when selecting members to speak. Typically, ministers or party leaders open debates, with opening speakers given between 5 and 20 minutes", + "572fc043a23a5019007fc961": "direct representations", + "572fc41f947a6a140053cc80": "Presiding Officer", + "572fc41f947a6a140053cc81": "speaks in chamber debates", + "572fc41f947a6a140053cc82": "different viewpoints and political parties", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc83": "ministers or party leaders", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc84": "Gaelic", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccb": "5 pm", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccc": "Decision Time", - "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccd": "MSPs who are not in the chamber to return and vote", + "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccd": "vote", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76cce": "by means of electronic consoles on their desks", - "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccf": "seconds", - "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8a": "political parties", - "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8b": "MSPs", - "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8c": "MSPs", - "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8e": "whips", - "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8d": "whips", - "572fc659b2c2fd1400568447": "45 minutes", - "572fc659b2c2fd1400568449": "issues which may be of interest to a particular area such as a member's own constituency", + "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccf": "in seconds", + "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8a": "outcome of most votes", + "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8b": "political parties", + "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8c": "MSPs, known as whips", + "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8e": "moral issues", + "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8d": "may be expelled from their parties outright", + "572fc659b2c2fd1400568447": "Immediately after Decision Time", + "572fc659b2c2fd1400568449": "issues which may be of interest to a particular area", "572fc659b2c2fd1400568448": "45 minutes", - "572fc659b2c2fd140056844a": "The relevant minister", - "572fc659b2c2fd140056844b": "MSP", - "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf5": "committee", + "572fc659b2c2fd140056844a": "other", + "572fc659b2c2fd140056844b": "\"winds up\"", + "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf5": "in committee", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf6": "stronger", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf7": "no revising chamber", - "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf8": "principal role of committees in the Scottish Parliament is to take evidence from witnesses, conduct inquiries and scrutinise legislation", - "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf9": "at other locations throughout Scotland", - "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d07": "Scottish Parliament's standing orders", - "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d08": "Scottish Parliament's standing orders, which govern their remits and proceedings", - "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d09": "Mandatory Committees are committees which are set down under the Scottish Parliament's standing orders", + "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf8": "conduct inquiries and scrutinise legislation", + "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf9": "other locations throughout Scotland", + "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d07": "MSPs", + "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d08": "balance of parties across Parliament", + "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d09": "functions", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0a": "Mandatory Committees are committees", - "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0b": "fourth", + "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0b": "fourth Session", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d11": "each parliamentary session", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d12": "one (or more", - "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d13": "Education and Culture", - "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d14": "Economy, Energy and Tourism", + "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d13": "current Subject Committees", + "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d14": "Subject Committees", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d1f": "A further type of committee", - "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d20": "infrastructure projects", + "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d20": "large-scale development projects", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d21": "Bill Committees", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d22": "Private Bill Committees", - "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568473": "The Scotland Act 2012 extends the devolved competencies", + "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568473": "Scotland Act 1998", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568474": "Queen Elizabeth II", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568475": "the devolved competencies", - "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568476": "the Parliament of the United Kingdom at Westminster", - "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568477": "Queen Elizabeth II", - "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f1": "All matters that are not specifically reserved are automatically devolved to the Scottish Parliament", + "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568476": "Parliament of the United Kingdom at Westminster", + "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568477": "the Parliament", + "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f1": "Schedule 5", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f2": "Scottish Parliament", - "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f3": "alter income tax", - "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f4": "3 pence", + "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f3": "alter income tax in Scotland", + "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f4": "up to 3 pence in the pound", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f5": "air guns", - "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847d": "Reserved matters are subjects that are outside the legislative competence of the Scotland Parliament", + "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847d": "Reserved matters", "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847e": "UK Government ministers", "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847f": "Westminster", - "572fcc43b2c2fd1400568480": "UK Government ministers", - "572fcd86947a6a140053ccda": "Bills can be introduced to Parliament in a number of ways; the Scottish Government can introduce new laws", - "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdb": "the Scottish Government", - "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdc": "private member", - "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdd": "outside proposer", - "572fcd86947a6a140053ccde": "a number of stages", - "572fce12a23a5019007fca11": "1", + "572fcc43b2c2fd1400568480": "Europe", + "572fcd86947a6a140053ccda": "Bills", + "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdb": "Scottish Government", + "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdc": "a private member", + "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdd": "an outside proposer", + "572fcd86947a6a140053ccde": "in a number of stages", + "572fce12a23a5019007fca11": "where the minister or member in charge of the bill will formally introduce it to Parliament", "572fce13a23a5019007fca12": "documents \u2013 Explanatory Notes", - "572fce13a23a5019007fca13": "the Presiding Officer and the member in charge of the bill are also lodged", + "572fce13a23a5019007fca13": "whether the bill is within the legislative competence of the Parliament", "572fce13a23a5019007fca14": "relevant committee or committees", "572fce13a23a5019007fca15": "Stage 2", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd02": "Stage 3", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd03": "two", - "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd04": "Opposition members can table \"wrecking amendments\" to the bill, designed to thwart further progress and take up parliamentary time", + "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd04": "a final vote", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd05": "wrecking amendments", - "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd06": "After a general debate on the final form of the bill, members proceed to vote at Decision Time", - "572fd264b2c2fd14005684a9": "the Monarch for royal assent and it becomes an Act of the Scottish Parliament", - "572fd264b2c2fd14005684aa": "becomes an Act of the Scottish Parliament", - "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ab": "4-week period", + "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd06": "at Decision Time", + "572fd264b2c2fd14005684a9": "the Monarch", + "572fd264b2c2fd14005684aa": "it becomes an Act of the Scottish Parliament", + "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ab": "4-week", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ac": "the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom", - "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ad": "a conventional enacting formula", - "572fd47fa23a5019007fca55": "The party, or parties, that hold the majority of seats in the Parliament forms the Scottish Government", - "572fd47fa23a5019007fca57": "Any member can put their name forward to be First Minister, and a vote is taken by all members of Parliament", - "572fd47fa23a5019007fca56": "general election). Any member can put their name forward to be First Minister, and a vote is taken by all members of Parliament", - "572fd47fa23a5019007fca58": "Lord Advocate and the Solicitor General", + "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ad": "\"The Bill for this Act of the Scottish Parliament was passed by the Parliament on [Date] and received royal assent on [Date]\"", + "572fd47fa23a5019007fca55": "The party, or parties", + "572fd47fa23a5019007fca57": "all members of Parliament", + "572fd47fa23a5019007fca56": "all members of Parliament", + "572fd47fa23a5019007fca58": "amongst the elected MSPs", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca59": "the Sovereign", - "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76d9f": "May every four years (1999, 2003, 2007", - "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da0": "1999, 2003, 2007", - "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da1": "the Monarch", - "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da3": "May every four years", + "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76d9f": "Thursday", + "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da0": "Thursday", + "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da1": "the Monarch on the proposal of the Presiding Officer", + "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da3": "supplant it", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da2": "28 days", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd32": "Several procedures", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd33": "MSPs", - "572fd73e947a6a140053cd34": "a statement", - "572fd73e947a6a140053cd35": "issues related to the substance of the statement", + "572fd73e947a6a140053cd34": "a statement to the chamber setting out the Government's legislative programme", + "572fd73e947a6a140053cd35": "the First Minister on issues related to the substance of the statement", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3a": "Parliamentary time", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3b": "Thursday", - "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3c": "the Scottish Government", - "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3d": "Opposition leaders ask a general question of the First Minister and then supplementary questions. Such a practice enables a \"lead-in\" to the questioner", + "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3c": "Scottish Government", + "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3d": "issues under their jurisdiction", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3e": "four", - "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684f9": "55,000", + "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684f9": "129", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fb": "2005", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fa": "one", - "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fd": "low population density", + "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fd": "their dispersed population and distance from the Scottish Parliament in Edinburgh", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fc": "55,000", - "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850b": "proportionally to the number of votes received in the second vote of the ballot using the d'Hondt method", + "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850b": "proportionally to the number of votes received in the second vote of the ballot", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850c": "d'Hondt method", - "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850d": "the highest quotient is awarded the seat", - "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850e": "constituency seats in allocating the second seat", - "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850f": "iteratively until all available list seats are allocated", - "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851d": "18", + "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850d": "quotient", + "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850e": "constituency seats", + "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850f": "erative", + "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851d": "a number of qualifications", "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851e": "1981", "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851f": "18", - "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568520": "the police and the armed forces", + "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568520": "police and the armed forces", "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568521": "House of Commons Disqualification Act 1975 and the British Nationality Act 1981", - "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dd9": "a majority SNP government, making this the first time in the Scottish Parliament", - "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dda": "Labour, with many of their key figures not returned to parliament", + "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dd9": "Scottish Parliament", + "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dda": "Labour", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddb": "151 votes", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddc": "eight", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddd": "Scottish independence", @@ -9609,143 +9609,143 @@ "572fdc34a23a5019007fca96": "Annabel Goldie", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca97": "Cameron", "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9d": "vote on domestic legislation", - "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9e": "the domestic legislation of the Scottish Parliament", - "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9f": "West Lothian question", - "572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa0": "West Lothian question and has led to criticism. Following the Conservative victory in the 2015 UK election, standing orders of the House of Commons", + "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9e": "domestic legislation of the Scottish Parliament", + "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9f": "the West Lothian question", + "572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa0": "Conservative", "572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa1": "England", - "572ff626947a6a140053ce8e": "moral conservatism, literalism", - "572ff626947a6a140053ce8f": "moral conservatism, literalism, and the attempt \"to implement Islamic values in all spheres", - "572ff626947a6a140053ce90": "to implement Islamic values in all spheres of life", - "572ff626947a6a140053ce91": "\"oscillating between two poles\": at one end is a strategy of Islamization of society", + "572ff626947a6a140053ce8e": "Islamism", + "572ff626947a6a140053ce8f": "all spheres", + "572ff626947a6a140053ce90": "reordering", + "572ff626947a6a140053ce91": "poles", "572ff626947a6a140053ce92": "revolution or invasion", "572ff760b2c2fd1400568677": "democratic process", - "572ff760b2c2fd1400568678": "Israel", - "572ff760b2c2fd1400568679": "armed attacks", + "572ff760b2c2fd1400568678": "Lebanon", + "572ff760b2c2fd1400568679": "abolish the state of Israel", "572ff760b2c2fd140056867a": "democracy", - "572ff760b2c2fd140056867b": "a religious", - "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f65": "vanguard of change and Islamic reform\" centered around the Muslim Brotherhood", + "572ff760b2c2fd140056867b": "religious", + "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f65": "guardians of the tradition\" (Salafis, such as those in the Wahhabi movement) and the \"vanguard of change", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f66": "Sunni pan-Islamism", - "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f67": "\"sharia", + "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f67": "sharia", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f68": "democracy", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f69": "to maintain their legitimacy", - "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd5": "Islam but also because its supporters believe their views merely reflect Islam, while the contrary idea that Islam is, or can be, apolitical", + "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd5": "political role", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd6": "Islam", - "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd7": "Scholars and observers", + "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd7": "its supporters believe their views merely reflect Islam, while the contrary idea that Islam is, or can be, apolitical is an error", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd8": "illiberal Islamic regimes", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd9": "religion from politics", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76f9f": "Islamism", - "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa0": "the conception of 'political Islam'\"", - "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa1": "a creation of Americans to explain the Iranian Islamic Revolution", - "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa2": "1945 and 1970", - "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa3": "not Islamism", + "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa0": "Americans", + "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa1": "Iranian Islamic Revolution", + "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa2": "between 1945 and 1970", + "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa3": "it is quietist/non-political Islam, not Islamism", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee7": "dangerous enemies", - "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee6": "During the 1970s", + "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee6": "During the 1970s and sometimes later", "572ffbaa947a6a140053ceea": "experience, ideology, and weapons", - "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee9": "mujahideen Muslim Afghanistan", - "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee8": "communist/nationalist insurgents/opposition", + "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee9": "the mujahideen Muslim Afghanistan", + "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee8": "bulwarks", "572ffbaab2c2fd14005686cd": "experience, ideology, and weapons", - "572ffc99947a6a140053cef6": "Sadat", - "572ffc99947a6a140053cef7": "political support in his struggle against leftists", - "572ffc99947a6a140053cef8": "peace with Israel \u2013 released Islamists from prison and welcomed home exiles", + "572ffc99947a6a140053cef6": "Anwar Sadat", + "572ffc99947a6a140053cef7": "United States", + "572ffc99947a6a140053cef8": "peace with Israel", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef9": "1975", "572ffc99947a6a140053cefa": "assassinated", - "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc7": "conservative Saudi-based Wahhabism or Salafism", - "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc8": "hate them for their religion", + "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc7": "Saudi-based Wahhabism", + "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc8": "Muslims should not only \"always oppose\" infidels \"in every way,\" but \"hate them for their religion", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc9": "all the horrible wars", - "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fca": "gold standard\" of religion", - "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fcb": "Wahhabist", - "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686ef": "Islamist movements such as the Muslim Brotherhood", - "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f2": "incompetent", - "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f0": "low cost medical clinics", + "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fca": "the \"gold standard", + "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fcb": "Saudi-interpretation", + "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686ef": "Islamist", + "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f2": "incompetent, inefficient, or neglectful", + "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f0": "housing", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f3": "rhetoric", - "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f1": "to avoid prohibitively costly dowry demands, legal assistance, sports facilities, and women's groups", - "572ffee1947a6a140053cf14": "philosophy", - "572ffee1947a6a140053cf15": "the All India Muslim League", - "572ffee1947a6a140053cf17": "Muhammad Ali Johar and Muhammad Ali Jinnah", + "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f1": "to avoid prohibitively costly dowry demands", + "572ffee1947a6a140053cf14": "law and philosophy", + "572ffee1947a6a140053cf15": "All India Muslim League", + "572ffee1947a6a140053cf17": "Muhammad Ali Johar and Muhammad Ali Jinnah. He was a critic of the mainstream Indian nationalist and secularist Indian National Congress", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf16": "1908", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf18": "The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam", - "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686f9": "secularism and secular nationalism", - "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fa": "crowd out Muslim heritage, culture and political influence", - "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fb": "greater Islamic political co-operation and unity", + "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686f9": "secularism", + "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fa": "crowd", + "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fb": "co-operation", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fc": "1930", - "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fd": "the Pakistan movement", - "5730005db2c2fd1400568703": "Ala Maududi", + "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fd": "Pakistan movement", + "5730005db2c2fd1400568703": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", "5730005db2c2fd1400568704": "journalism", "5730005db2c2fd1400568705": "1941", - "5730005db2c2fd1400568706": "writing than through his political organising", - "5730005db2c2fd1400568707": "in a modern context", - "57300137b2c2fd1400568717": "Ala Maududi", + "5730005db2c2fd1400568706": "political organising", + "5730005db2c2fd1400568707": "modern context", + "57300137b2c2fd1400568717": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", "57300137b2c2fd1400568718": "journalism", - "57300137b2c2fd140056871a": "writing than through his political organising", - "57300137b2c2fd140056871b": "in a modern context", + "57300137b2c2fd140056871a": "political organising", + "57300137b2c2fd140056871b": "modern context", "57300200b2c2fd1400568729": "Sharia", "57300200b2c2fd140056872a": "an Islamic state", - "57300200b2c2fd140056872b": "unity of God), risala", - "57300200b2c2fd140056872c": "populist policies of the Iranian Revolution", - "57300200b2c2fd140056872d": "\"revolution", + "57300200b2c2fd140056872b": "unity of God", + "57300200b2c2fd140056872c": "Islamic", + "57300200b2c2fd140056872d": "an educational process", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77001": "1928", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77002": "Ismailiyah, Egypt", - "5730035e04bcaa1900d77003": "Hassan al Banna", - "5730035e04bcaa1900d77004": "the Qur'an is our constitution", + "5730035e04bcaa1900d77003": "Maududi", + "5730035e04bcaa1900d77004": "Qur'an", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77005": "imperialist", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4c": "violence", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4d": "1949", - "5730040f947a6a140053cf4e": "Egypt", + "5730040f947a6a140053cf4e": "Egypt's premier Mahmud Fami Naqrashi", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4f": "1948", "5730040f947a6a140053cf50": "Gamal Abdul Nasser", - "573004bf947a6a140053cf56": "semi-legal", - "573004bf947a6a140053cf59": "75%", - "573004bf947a6a140053cf57": "semi-legal\"", + "573004bf947a6a140053cf56": "democratically elected president of Egypt", + "573004bf947a6a140053cf59": "75", + "573004bf947a6a140053cf57": "semi-legal", "573004bf947a6a140053cf58": "field candidates", "573004bf947a6a140053cf5a": "Mohamed Morsi", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6a": "economic stagnation", - "573005b9947a6a140053cf6b": "Israeli troops constituted a pivotal event in the Arab Muslim world. The defeat along with economic stagnation", - "573005b9947a6a140053cf6c": "economic stagnation in the defeated countries, was blamed on the secular Arab nationalism of the ruling regimes", - "573005b9947a6a140053cf6d": "defeat along with economic stagnation in the defeated countries, was blamed on the secular Arab nationalism of the ruling regimes. A steep and steady decline", - "573005b9947a6a140053cf6e": "Maududi and Sayyid Qutb", - "5730088e947a6a140053cfad": "Sunni Islamic thinkers like Mawdudi and Qutb", + "573005b9947a6a140053cf6b": "a pivotal event", + "573005b9947a6a140053cf6c": "economic", + "573005b9947a6a140053cf6d": "A steep and steady decline", + "573005b9947a6a140053cf6e": "Ba'athism, Arab socialism, and Arab nationalism suffered, and different democratic and anti-democratic Islamist movements", + "5730088e947a6a140053cfad": "ideological", "5730088e947a6a140053cfac": "Ali Shariati", - "5730088e947a6a140053cfae": "somewhere", - "5730088e947a6a140053cfaf": "Sharia law", - "5730088e947a6a140053cfb0": "conspiracy against Islam by the Western governments", + "5730088e947a6a140053cfae": "between beliefs of Sunni Islamic thinkers", + "5730088e947a6a140053cfaf": "Ali for restoration of Sharia law", + "5730088e947a6a140053cfb0": "conspiracy against Islam", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b7": "The Islamic Republic", - "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b9": "terrorist groups", - "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b8": "economic sanctions", - "57300e2604bcaa1900d770ba": "2006", + "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b9": "like-minded Shia", + "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b8": "economic", + "57300e2604bcaa1900d770ba": "2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770bb": "Ahmadinejad", "57300ec0947a6a140053d004": "the Soviet Union", "57300ec0947a6a140053d005": "Islamic rebellion", - "57300ec0947a6a140053d006": "fight in Afghanistan", + "57300ec0947a6a140053d006": "send aid", "57300ec0947a6a140053d007": "marginal", - "57300ec0947a6a140053d008": "35,000", - "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d1": "brought several hundred thousand US and allied non-Muslim military personnel to Saudi Arabian soil to put an end to Saddam Hussein's occupation of Kuwait", + "57300ec0947a6a140053d008": "16,000 to 35,000", + "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d1": "put an end to Saddam Hussein's occupation of Kuwait", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d2": "Saddam Hussein", - "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d3": "the many Islamist groups", - "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d4": "Saudi monarchy", - "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d5": "Saudi regime of being a puppet of the west", + "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d3": "Islamist", + "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d4": "Saudi", + "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d5": "the west", "573010fab2c2fd14005687d7": "conservative Muslims", "573010fab2c2fd14005687d9": "prestige", - "573010fab2c2fd14005687d8": "the kingdom", + "573010fab2c2fd14005687d8": "in the kingdom", "573010fab2c2fd14005687da": "Algeria", "573010fab2c2fd14005687db": "Osama bin Laden", "573011de04bcaa1900d770f9": "Qutb", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fa": "1966", - "573011de04bcaa1900d770fb": "the leadership of the Brotherhood", - "573011de04bcaa1900d770fc": "the Brotherhood", - "573011de04bcaa1900d770fd": "1970s", + "573011de04bcaa1900d770fb": "the Brotherhood", + "573011de04bcaa1900d770fc": "manifesto Milestones", + "573011de04bcaa1900d770fd": "the 1970s", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd09": "Egyptian Islamic Jihad organization responsible for the assassination of Anwar Sadat", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0a": "1981", - "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0b": "Muslim states", - "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0c": "\"apostate\" leaders of Muslim states", + "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0b": "\"apostate\" leaders of Muslim states", + "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0c": "Muslim states", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0d": "Muhammad Abd al-Salaam Farag", - "5730131c947a6a140053d052": "assassinations of political figures, arson of video shops and attempted takeovers of government buildings", - "5730131c947a6a140053d053": "counter-terrorism police (Major General Raouf Khayrat", + "5730131c947a6a140053d052": "struggle for Islamic order", + "5730131c947a6a140053d053": "counter-terrorism police", "5730131c947a6a140053d055": "2003", "5730131c947a6a140053d054": "unsuccessful", - "5730131c947a6a140053d056": "Hell and Takfir wal-Hijra", + "5730131c947a6a140053d056": "figures", "5730208fa23a5019007fcded": "\"quiescent", - "5730208fa23a5019007fcdee": "Hamas charter", - "5730208fa23a5019007fcdef": "the destruction of Israel", + "5730208fa23a5019007fcdee": "HAMAS", + "5730208fa23a5019007fcdef": "destruction of Israel", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdf1": "alcohol", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdf0": "Palestine", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f7": "Hamas", @@ -9756,746 +9756,746 @@ "57302700a23a5019007fce89": "Islamist", "57302700a23a5019007fce8a": "Hassan al-Turabi", "57302700a23a5019007fce8b": "National Islamic Front", - "57302700a23a5019007fce8c": "money from foreign Islamist banking systems", - "57302700a23a5019007fce8d": "the university and military academy", + "57302700a23a5019007fce8c": "foreign Islamist banking systems", + "57302700a23a5019007fce8d": "university and military academy", "573027d6a23a5019007fce9d": "1985", - "573027d6a23a5019007fce9e": "poorly in national elections, but in 1989 it was able to overthrow the elected post-al-Nimeiry government with the help of the military", - "573027d6a23a5019007fce9f": "the democratic process and a liberal government before coming to power", + "573027d6a23a5019007fce9e": "with the help of the military", + "573027d6a23a5019007fce9f": "sharia law", "573027d6a23a5019007fcea0": "Osama bin Laden", - "573027d6a23a5019007fcea1": "Iraq", - "5730285a04bcaa1900d77270": "a military coup d'\u00e9tat", + "573027d6a23a5019007fcea1": "the American attack on Iraq", + "5730285a04bcaa1900d77270": "win national elections", "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726f": "1989", - "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726e": "Afghanistan", - "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726d": "Islamique de Salut", + "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726e": "Algeria", + "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726d": "Front Islamique de Salut (the Islamic Salvation Front", "5730285a04bcaa1900d77271": "a military coup d'\u00e9tat", "573028fa04bcaa1900d77287": "justice and prosperity", - "573028fa04bcaa1900d77288": "destructive", + "573028fa04bcaa1900d77288": "a vicious and destructive", "573028fa04bcaa1900d7728a": "1992", - "573028fa04bcaa1900d77289": "vicious and destructive civil war between political and tribal warlords", + "573028fa04bcaa1900d77289": "Afghanistan one of the poorest countries on earth", "573028fa04bcaa1900d7728b": "80%", - "57302a3aa23a5019007fcecf": "Deobandi movement", + "57302a3aa23a5019007fcecf": "The Taliban", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced0": "Pakistan", - "57302a3aa23a5019007fced1": "Islamic fundamentalist", - "57302a3aa23a5019007fced2": "spreading", + "57302a3aa23a5019007fced1": "Islamic fundamentalist or neofundamentalist", + "57302a3aa23a5019007fced2": "tribal village customs", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced3": "Wahhabism", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772af": "July 1977", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b0": "alcohol and nightclubs", - "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b1": "Islamization\" or implementation of Islamic law, became a cornerstone of his eleven-year military dictatorship and Islamism", - "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b2": "Persian Gulf state allies", + "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b1": "Islamism", + "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b2": "his means of seizing power", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b3": "1988", - "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689db": "Wahhabi/Salafi jihadist extremist militant", - "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dc": "a Wahhabi/Salafi jihadist extremist militant group", + "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689db": "militant group", + "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dc": "militant group", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689de": "ten million", - "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689df": "lacks international recognition", - "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dd": "a caliphate", + "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689df": "international recognition", + "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dd": "caliphate", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d7": "2004", - "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d8": "March 2011, and was expelled from al-Qaeda in early 2014", - "57302cd004bcaa1900d772da": "failure to consult", + "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d8": "March 2003", + "57302cd004bcaa1900d772da": "its failure to consult and \"notorious intransigence", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d9": "March 2011", - "57302cd004bcaa1900d772db": "human rights abuses and war crimes", - "57302e45947a6a140053d22e": "Muhammad Qutb", - "57302e45947a6a140053d22f": "7th century", + "57302cd004bcaa1900d772db": "terrorist organisation", + "57302e45947a6a140053d22e": "the Caliphate", + "57302e45947a6a140053d22f": "1924", "57302e45947a6a140053d230": "1924", - "57302e45947a6a140053d231": "Islamic system", - "57302e45947a6a140053d232": "Turkish modernist Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk", - "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f5": "armed jihad or work for a democratic system", - "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f6": "take power through \"ideological struggle", + "57302e45947a6a140053d231": "true Islamic system", + "57302e45947a6a140053d232": "the disbelieving (Kafir) colonial powers\" working through Turkish modernist Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk", + "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f5": "armed", + "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f6": "through \"ideological struggle", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f7": "elites", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f8": "Egypt", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f9": "terrorist groups", - "57302faa04bcaa1900d77311": "900,000", + "57302faa04bcaa1900d77311": "over 900,000", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77312": "strong Islamist", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77313": "2007", - "57302faa04bcaa1900d77314": "free rein", + "57302faa04bcaa1900d77314": "Londonistan", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77315": "imam of the Finsbury Park Mosque", "57303048947a6a140053d254": "since 2001", "57303048947a6a140053d255": "the State Department", - "57303048947a6a140053d256": "U.S. Defense Secretary Robert Gates", - "57303048947a6a140053d257": "U.S. Information Agency", + "57303048947a6a140053d256": "Christian Whiton", + "57303048947a6a140053d257": "Defense Secretary", "57303048947a6a140053d258": "undermining the communist ideology", - "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c6": "Western", - "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c7": "extending a country's power and influence through colonization, use of military force", - "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c9": "Japanese) political and economic dominance especially in Asia and Africa", + "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c6": "Latin", + "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c7": "a policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, use of military force, or other means\"", + "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c9": "Japanese", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4ca": "technologies and ideas", - "573062662461fd1900a9cdf7": "diplomacy or military force", - "573062662461fd1900a9cdf8": "physical control", + "573062662461fd1900a9cdf7": "influence through diplomacy or military force", + "573062662461fd1900a9cdf8": "Formal", "573062662461fd1900a9cdfa": "diplomacy or military force", "573062662461fd1900a9cdfb": "powerful form of dominance", - "57306797396df919000960ee": "private industries thus expanding the controlled area, or having countries agree to uneven trade agreements forcefully", - "57306797396df919000960ef": "informal\" imperialism", + "57306797396df919000960ee": "imperialism", + "57306797396df919000960ef": "informal", "57306797396df919000960f0": "aggressiveness", - "57306797396df919000960f2": "imperialism", - "57306797396df919000960f1": "general-purpose aggressiveness", + "57306797396df919000960f2": "technological superiority", + "57306797396df919000960f1": "Informal rule", "573081c2069b531400832133": "conquered and expanded", - "573081c2069b531400832134": "capitalism, claiming that imperialism developed after colonialism, and was distinguished from colonialism by monopoly capitalism", - "573081c2069b531400832135": "The Russian leader Lenin", - "573081c2069b531400832136": "sovereignty\u2019, or simply \u2018rule\u2019\". The greatest distinction of an empire", + "573081c2069b531400832134": "the world systems theory", + "573081c2069b531400832135": "Russian leader Lenin", + "573081c2069b531400832136": "political and economic", "573081c2069b531400832137": "monopoly capitalism", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6d": "colonialism", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6e": "political focus", - "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6f": "ideological as well as financial reasons", - "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce70": "Imperialism", - "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce71": "superiority", - "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54c": "monetary dominance", - "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54d": "taking physical control of another, imperialism refers to the political and monetary dominance", + "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6f": "development for settlement or commercial intentions", + "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce70": "Ottoman", + "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce71": "metropolitan center", + "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54c": "Imperialism and colonialism both dictate the political and economic", + "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54d": "creating the idea behind conquest cooperating with colonialism. Colonialism is when the imperial nation begins a conquest over an area", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54e": "by conquering the other state's lands", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c550": "the exploitation of the valuable assets and supplies of the nation that was conquered and the conquering nation then gaining the benefits from the spoils of the war", - "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54f": "the spoils of the war. The meaning of imperialism is to create an empire", + "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54f": "the other state's lands", "5730876a396df9190009617a": "defense and justification of empire-building based on seemingly rational grounds", "5730876a396df9190009617c": "imperialism", - "5730876a396df9190009617b": "the races", + "5730876a396df9190009617b": "races of highest 'social efficiency'", "5730876a396df9190009617d": "Social Darwinism", "5730876a396df9190009617e": "whiteness", "573088da069b53140083216b": "Germany", - "573088da069b53140083216c": "Friedrich Ratzel of Germany", - "573088da069b53140083216d": "Political geographers such as Friedrich Ratzel of Germany", - "573088da069b53140083216e": "Britain", - "573088da069b53140083216f": "as a space for travellers to share these stories", + "573088da069b53140083216c": "Britain", + "573088da069b53140083216d": "Political", + "573088da069b53140083216e": "state\u2019s survival", + "573088da069b53140083216f": "as a space", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c576": "environmental determinism", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c577": "temperate zone", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c578": "Orientalism", - "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c579": "environmental determinism also suggested that tropical environments created uncivilized people in need of European guidance", - "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c57a": "the superior and the norm", - "57308ddc396df919000961a5": "Terra nullius", - "57308ddc396df919000961a7": "eighteenth century", - "57308ddc396df919000961a4": "British Empire \"during the last generation, and proceeds rather by diagnosis than by historical description\". British imperialism often used the concept of Terra nullius", - "57308ddc396df919000961a6": "British settlement and colonial rule of the continent in the eighteenth century, as it was premised on terra nullius", + "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c579": "uncivilized people", + "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c57a": "dominance over the essentialized Orient", + "57308ddc396df919000961a5": "Terra nullius (Latin expression which stems from Roman law meaning 'empty land')", + "57308ddc396df919000961a7": "the eighteenth century", + "57308ddc396df919000961a4": "the British Empire", + "57308ddc396df919000961a6": "Aboriginal", "57308ddc396df919000961a8": "empty land", - "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c580": "imaginative geography", - "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c581": "Orientalism therefore served as an ideological justification of early Western imperialism", - "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c582": "a negative vision of itself, as its inferior", - "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c583": "Orientalism", + "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c580": "an imaginative geography", + "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c581": "Orientalism", + "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c582": "a negative vision of itself", + "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c583": "social, cultural, political, and economic", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c584": "a negative vision of itself, as its inferior", - "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58a": "role of nineteenth-century maps during the \"scramble for Africa", - "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58b": "imperial and colonial powers to obtain \"information", + "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58a": "the role of nineteenth-century maps", + "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58b": "maps", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58c": "unknown or unexplored territory", - "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58d": "\"scramble for Africa\"", + "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58d": "the use of blank space", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58e": "French and British power", - "573092088ab72b1400f9c595": "pre-Columbian", + "573092088ab72b1400f9c595": "pre-Columbian era", "573092088ab72b1400f9c594": "Genghis Khan", "573092088ab72b1400f9c597": "dozens", - "573092088ab72b1400f9c598": "Byzantine Empire, the Persian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, Ancient Egypt", - "573092088ab72b1400f9c596": "Luba Empire, Lunda Empire, and Mutapa Empire", - "573093598ab72b1400f9c5ae": "Cultural imperialism is when a country's influence is felt in social and cultural circles, i.e. its soft power", - "573093598ab72b1400f9c5af": "felt in social and cultural circles, i.e. its soft power", - "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b0": "opulent American lifestyles in the soap opera Dallas", + "573092088ab72b1400f9c598": "Ancient Egypt", + "573092088ab72b1400f9c596": "Saharan Africa", + "573093598ab72b1400f9c5ae": "Cultural", + "573093598ab72b1400f9c5af": "its soft power", + "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b0": "soap opera Dallas", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b1": "Roman", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b2": "bans on foreign popular culture, control of the internet and unauthorised satellite dishes", - "57309446396df919000961b8": "1700", - "57309446396df919000961b9": "industrializing nations engaging in the process of colonizing, influencing, and annexing other parts of the world in order to gain political power", - "57309446396df919000961ba": "thousands", - "57309446396df919000961bb": "1700", - "57309446396df919000961bc": "Age of Imperialism", - "57309564069b5314008321a5": "1919\u20131980", - "57309564069b5314008321a6": "1920\u20131999", - "57309564069b5314008321a7": "historians John Gallagher (1919\u20131980) and Ronald Robinson (1920\u20131999) constructed a framework for understanding European imperialism", - "57309564069b5314008321a8": "the world's economy", - "57309564069b5314008321a9": "John Gallagher (1919\u20131980) and Ronald Robinson", + "57309446396df919000961b8": "around 1700", + "57309446396df919000961b9": "colonizing, influencing, and annexing other parts of the world", + "57309446396df919000961ba": "thousands of years", + "57309446396df919000961bb": "around 1700", + "57309446396df919000961bc": "the \"Open Door Policy", + "57309564069b5314008321a5": "1919", + "57309564069b5314008321a6": "1999", + "57309564069b5314008321a7": "historians", + "57309564069b5314008321a8": "economy", + "57309564069b5314008321a9": "the many imperial powers", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d2": "economic growth by collecting resources from colonies", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d4": "mid-18th century", - "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d3": "economic growth by collecting resources from colonies", - "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d5": "the Mughal state", + "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d3": "colonies", + "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d5": "Mughal state", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dc": "communication", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dd": "deadly explosives", - "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5de": "the machine gun", + "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5de": "machine gun", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5df": "leather shields", - "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5e0": "1880s", + "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5e0": "the 1880s", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e6": "British experience", - "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e7": "late 1870s", - "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e8": "political self-interest, and a growing number associated it with capitalist greed", - "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e9": "imperialism\" such as Joseph Chamberlain", - "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c600": "political theorists", + "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e7": "in the late 1870s", + "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e8": "idealism and philanthropy", + "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e9": "political self-interest, and a growing number associated it with capitalist greed", + "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c600": "aristocracy", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c602": "1950s", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c601": "1872\u20131967", - "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c603": "social reforms could cure the international disease of imperialism by removing its economic foundation", - "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c604": "removing its economic foundation", + "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c603": "domestic social reforms", + "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c604": "domestic social reforms", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60a": "environmental determinism", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60b": "the environment", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60c": "less civilized", - "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60d": "second in Asia and lastly in Africa", + "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60d": "Africa", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60e": "orientalism and tropicality", - "5730a314069b5314008321eb": "scholars", + "5730a314069b5314008321eb": "geographic scholars", "5730a314069b5314008321ec": "Northern Europe and the Mid-Atlantic", - "5730a314069b5314008321ed": "climatic zones", + "5730a314069b5314008321ed": "guidance and intervention", "5730a314069b5314008321ee": "orientalism", "5730a314069b5314008321ef": "colonizing empires", - "5730a40f396df91900096234": "1599", + "5730a40f396df91900096234": "the sixteenth century", "5730a40f396df91900096235": "1599", "5730a40f396df91900096236": "Queen Elizabeth", - "5730a40f396df91900096237": "caused exploitation of the East India Company causing the plundering of the local economy, almost bringing the company into bankruptcy", - "5730a40f396df91900096238": "Portuguese", + "5730a40f396df91900096237": "political activity caused exploitation of the East India Company causing the plundering of the local economy, almost bringing the company into bankruptcy", + "5730a40f396df91900096238": "the Portuguese", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf29": "1830", - "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2a": "1830", - "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2d": "French civilization and language as well as Catholicism", + "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2a": "1850", + "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2d": "Catholicism", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2b": "North and West Africa", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2c": "when Germany started to build her own colonial empire", "5730a951069b531400832213": "civilize the inferior", - "5730a951069b531400832214": "Christianity and French culture", - "5730a951069b531400832215": "small numbers of settlers to its colonies, with the only notable exception of Algeria, where French settlers nevertheless always remained a small minority", + "5730a951069b531400832214": "Full citizenship rights", + "5730a951069b531400832215": "France sent small numbers of settlers to its colonies", "5730a951069b531400832216": "Christianity and French culture", "5730a951069b531400832217": "Algeria", - "5730aa52069b53140083221d": "Algeria", + "5730aa52069b53140083221d": "overseas colonies", "5730aa52069b53140083221e": "anti-colonial movements", "5730aa52069b53140083221f": "Algeria", "5730aa52069b531400832220": "Algeria", "5730aa52069b531400832221": "1960", "5730ab63396df91900096260": "northern and western Europe", - "5730ab63396df91900096263": "Muslim Iberia", - "5730ab63396df91900096261": "late antiquity, conquering Celtic and other peoples; and by 800 CE", - "5730ab63396df91900096262": "late antiquity, conquering Celtic and other peoples; and by 800 CE", + "5730ab63396df91900096263": "Iberia", + "5730ab63396df91900096261": "middle period of classical antiquity", + "5730ab63396df91900096262": "1000 CE", "5730ab63396df91900096264": "central Europe", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf73": "late 19th century", - "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf74": "1862\u201390", + "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf74": "1862", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf75": "after the Franco-German War", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf77": "Napoleon", - "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf76": "colonies", + "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf76": "diplomatic disputes over colonies", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c682": "South Pacific", - "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c683": "German prestige", + "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c683": "imperialism", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c685": "1884", - "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c684": "New Guinea", + "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c684": "German New Guinea", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c686": "Hamburg merchants and traders", - "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa4": "annexed", + "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa4": "Japan took part of Sakhalin Island from Russia", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa3": "1894", - "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa6": "Russia", + "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa6": "Thailand", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa5": "Manchuria", "5730b255396df919000962b0": "The Soviet Union and the People\u2019s Republic of China", "5730b255396df919000962b1": "1923", - "5730b255396df919000962b2": "internationalist ideology: Lenin", - "5730b255396df919000962b3": "Eastern Europe", + "5730b255396df919000962b2": "Lenin", + "5730b255396df919000962b3": "in areas its forces occupied in Eastern Europe", "5730b255396df919000962b4": "Bolshevik leaders", - "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc5": "capitalism", - "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc6": "Joseph Stalin", - "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc9": "Joseph Stalin", + "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc5": "the revolution could only succeed in Russia", + "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc6": "Lenin", + "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc9": "Mao Ze", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc8": "Nikita Khrushchev", - "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc7": "socialism", + "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc7": "socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements.", "5730b541396df919000962c2": "mercantilism", "5730b541396df919000962c3": "1776", "5730b541396df919000962c5": "free trade", - "5730b541396df919000962c4": "1820. By the 1840s", + "5730b541396df919000962c4": "1820", "5730b541396df919000962c6": "1815", - "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfcf": "British Empire", + "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfcf": "British", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd0": "pseudo-sciences", - "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd2": "British Empire", - "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd1": "Middle East", - "5730b7ce069b5314008322c3": "military force", - "5730b7ce069b5314008322c4": "Anti-Imperialist League", - "5730b7ce069b5314008322c6": "deaths of many Filipinos", + "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd2": "writer", + "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd1": "the Middle East", + "5730b7ce069b5314008322c3": "policies such as the Monroe Doctrine", + "5730b7ce069b5314008322c4": "Monroe Doctrine", + "5730b7ce069b5314008322c6": "a war", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c5": "Philippines", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c7": "racket", - "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c704": "iah Bowman. Bowman", + "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c704": "Bowman", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c705": "1917", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c706": "President Wilson and the American delegation from the Paris Peace Conference", - "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c707": "geographical order", - "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c708": "American Empire", - "5730bb522461fd1900a9d011": "imperialism or colonialism", - "5730bb522461fd1900a9d012": "imperialism", - "5730bb522461fd1900a9d013": "15 million", - "5730bb522461fd1900a9d015": "April 16, 2003, Edward Said made a bold statement on modern imperialism in the United States", + "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c707": "would allow for U.S authorship of a 'new world'", + "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c708": "geographer", + "5730bb522461fd1900a9d011": "internal strife", + "5730bb522461fd1900a9d012": "internal", + "5730bb522461fd1900a9d013": "12 to 15 million", + "5730bb522461fd1900a9d015": "the contemporary Orient", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73c": "1299 to 1923", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73d": "Suleiman the Magnificent", - "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73e": "32", - "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73f": "Western Asia, the Caucasus, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa", - "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c740": "1299 to 1923", - "5730bd00069b5314008322d7": "Istanbul as its capital and control of lands around the Mediterranean basin", + "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73e": "32 provinces", + "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73f": "the Caucasus, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa", + "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c740": "During the 16th and 17th centuries", + "5730bd00069b5314008322d7": "Istanbul", "5730bd00069b5314008322d9": "Germany", - "5730bd00069b5314008322db": "the creation of modern Balkan and Middle Eastern states", - "5730bd00069b5314008322da": "Germany", - "5730982f396df919000961e2": "United Methodist Church", - "5730982f396df919000961e3": "mainline Protestant Methodist denomination", + "5730bd00069b5314008322db": "creation of modern Balkan and Middle Eastern states", + "5730bd00069b5314008322da": "Turkey", + "5730982f396df919000961e2": "The United Methodist Church", + "5730982f396df919000961e3": "a mainline Protestant Methodist denomination", "5730982f396df919000961e4": "1968", - "5730982f396df919000961e5": "Charles Wesley", + "5730982f396df919000961e5": "union of the Methodist Church (USA) and the Evangelical United Brethren Church", "5730982f396df919000961e6": "Wesleyan", "573098c12461fd1900a9cee5": "The United Methodist Church", "573098c12461fd1900a9cee6": "80 million", - "573098c12461fd1900a9cee7": "mainline Protestant denomination", + "573098c12461fd1900a9cee7": "the largest mainline Protestant denomination", "573098c12461fd1900a9cee8": "3.6%", - "57309921396df919000961f6": "mid-18th century", - "57309921396df919000961f7": "the mid-18th century within the Church of England", - "57309921396df919000961f8": "methodical and exceptionally detailed in their Bible study, opinions and disciplined lifestyle", + "57309921396df919000961f6": "the mid-18th century", + "57309921396df919000961f7": "Church of England", + "57309921396df919000961f8": "being methodical and exceptionally detailed in their Bible study, opinions and disciplined lifestyle", "573099f42461fd1900a9cef7": "1735", - "573099f42461fd1900a9cef8": "Georgia", - "573099f42461fd1900a9cef9": "Charles Wesley went to America to teach the gospel to the American Indians", - "573099f42461fd1900a9cefa": "Bible-Christians at all events; and, wherever they were, to preach with all their might plain, old, Bible Christianity", + "573099f42461fd1900a9cef8": "colony of Georgia", + "573099f42461fd1900a9cef9": "the American Indians", + "573099f42461fd1900a9cefa": "salvation by God's grace", "57309a6c2461fd1900a9ceff": "the American Revolution", "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf00": "1784", "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf01": "Thomas Coke", "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf02": "the Lovely Lane Methodist Church", - "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf03": "Lane Methodist Church", + "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf03": "the Lovely Lane Methodist Church", "57309adb396df919000961fc": "St. George's United Methodist Church", "57309adb396df919000961fd": "St. George's United Methodist Church", "57309adb396df919000961fe": "1767", "57309adb396df919000961ff": "Dock Street", "57309adb396df91900096200": "1784", "57309cd6069b5314008321c3": "Richard Allen and Absalom Jones", - "57309cd6069b5314008321c4": "Methodist Church", + "57309cd6069b5314008321c4": "St. George's Church", "57309cd6069b5314008321c5": "1784", "57309d31396df91900096210": "1830", - "57309d31396df91900096211": "tensions over slavery", + "57309d31396df91900096211": "over the issue of laity having a voice and vote in the administration of the church", "57309d31396df91900096212": "1844", - "57309d31396df91900096213": "tensions over slavery", + "57309d31396df91900096213": "tensions over slavery and the power of bishops in the denomination", "5730a97a396df9190009625a": "April 23, 1968", - "5730a97a396df9190009625b": "Dallas, Texas", + "5730a97a396df9190009625b": "General Conference in Dallas, Texas", "5730a97a396df9190009625c": "Bishop Lloyd Christ Wicke", - "5730a9fa2461fd1900a9cf6d": "the holy catholic", + "5730a9fa2461fd1900a9cf6d": "United Methodist Church", "5730a9fa2461fd1900a9cf6e": "The Book of Discipline", - "5730a9fa2461fd1900a9cf6f": "\"visible and invisible Church", - "5730aaa88ab72b1400f9c64e": "As a result of the American Revolution", - "5730aaa88ab72b1400f9c650": "Thomas Coke", + "5730a9fa2461fd1900a9cf6f": "all who are truly believers in every age belong to the holy Church invisible", + "5730aaa88ab72b1400f9c64e": "the American Revolution", + "5730aaa88ab72b1400f9c650": "Dr. Thomas Coke", "5730aaa88ab72b1400f9c64f": "Thomas Vasey and Richard Whatcoat", "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c655": "1968", "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c654": "John Wesley and Charles Wesley", "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c656": "Albert C. Outler", - "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c657": "Philip William Otterbein and Martin Boehm", - "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c670": "power which enables us to love and motivates us to seek a relationship with God through Jesus Christ", - "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c672": "motivates us to seek a relationship with God through Jesus Christ", - "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c671": "God desires that we might sense both our sinfulness before God and God's offer of salvation", - "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c673": "God's salvation in Christ", - "5730aeba069b531400832241": "God pardons the believer of sin", - "5730aeba069b531400832242": "The justifying grace cancels our guilt and empowers us to resist the power of sin and to fully love God and neighbor", - "5730aeba069b531400832243": "conversion, \"accepting Jesus as your personal Lord and Savior", - "5730aeba069b531400832244": "your personal Lord and Savior", + "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c657": "Albert C. Outler", + "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c670": "Prevenient grace", + "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c672": "Prevenient grace", + "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c671": "goes before\" us, is given to all people", + "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c673": "sin", + "5730aeba069b531400832241": "in Christ", + "5730aeba069b531400832242": "The justifying grace", + "5730aeba069b531400832243": "conversion", + "5730aeba069b531400832244": "John Wesley", "5730aeba069b531400832245": "the New Birth", - "5730afed069b53140083225f": "that grace of God which sustains the believers in the journey toward Christian Perfection", - "5730afed069b531400832260": "Sanctifying Grace is that grace of God which sustains the believers in the journey toward Christian Perfection", - "5730afed069b531400832261": "a genuine love of God with heart, soul, mind, and strength", - "5730afed069b531400832262": "Christian Perfection", - "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c696": "Arminian theology with an emphasis on the work of the Holy Spirit to bring holiness into the life of the participating believer", + "5730afed069b53140083225f": "grace of God", + "5730afed069b531400832260": "Sanctifying", + "5730afed069b531400832261": "a genuine love of God with heart, soul, mind, and strength, and a genuine love of our neighbors as ourselves", + "5730afed069b531400832262": "Sanctifying Grace", + "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c696": "Wesleyan theology", "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c697": "The United Methodist Church believes in prima scriptura", - "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c698": "the UMC", - "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c699": "catholic, evangelical, and reformed", + "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c698": "UMC", + "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c699": "The Book of Discipline", "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c69f": "2008", - "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c69e": "a founding member of the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice", - "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c6a0": "the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice", - "5730b1e28ab72b1400f9c6ae": "The General Board of Church and Society, and the United Methodist Women", - "5730b1e28ab72b1400f9c6af": "Christian conscience.\" The Church emphasizes the need to be in supportive ministry with all women", + "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c69e": "pro-choice", + "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c6a0": "Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice", + "5730b1e28ab72b1400f9c6ae": "General Board of Church and Society, and the United Methodist Women", + "5730b1e28ab72b1400f9c6af": "all women", "5730b1e28ab72b1400f9c6b0": "the mother", "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfad": "United Methodists on Abortion and Sexuality", "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfae": "2012", - "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfaf": "Paul T. Stallsworth", - "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb3": "temperance movement", + "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfaf": "Rev. Paul T. Stallsworth", + "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb3": "temperance", "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb6": "2011 and 2012", - "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb4": "\"The Use of Money", - "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb5": "grape juice", + "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb4": "\"The Use of Money,\"", + "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb5": "unfermented grape juice", "5730b54c069b53140083228d": "capital punishment", - "5730b54c069b53140083228e": "John 8:7", + "5730b54c069b53140083228e": "Matthew 5:38-39 and abolished the death penalty in John 8:7", "5730b54c069b53140083228f": "Matthew 5:38-39", - "5730b54c069b531400832290": "United Methodist Church", - "5730b5cc396df919000962d2": "same-sex", + "5730b54c069b531400832290": "General Conference of the United Methodist Church", + "5730b5cc396df919000962d2": "same-sex unions", "5730b5cc396df919000962d3": "1999", - "5730b5cc396df919000962d4": "April of 2016", - "5730b6bd2461fd1900a9cfd7": "a localized option", - "5730b6bd2461fd1900a9cfd8": "UMC", - "5730b6bd2461fd1900a9cfd9": "same-gender marriages with resolutions", + "5730b5cc396df919000962d4": "2016", + "5730b6bd2461fd1900a9cfd7": "the Connectional Table", + "5730b6bd2461fd1900a9cfd8": "LGBT community within the UMC", + "5730b6bd2461fd1900a9cfd9": "same-gender marriages with resolutions.", "5730b776069b5314008322bd": "1987", "5730b776069b5314008322be": "2005", - "5730b776069b5314008322bf": "The Baltimore-Washington Conference", + "5730b776069b5314008322bf": "Baltimore-Washington Conference of the UMC", "5730b9852461fd1900a9cff9": "conscription", - "5730b9852461fd1900a9cffa": "military action, nor the way of inaction is always righteous", + "5730b9852461fd1900a9cffa": "military action", "5730b9852461fd1900a9cffb": "all war", "5730b9dc8ab72b1400f9c70e": "Christ's message and teachings", - "5730b9dc8ab72b1400f9c70f": "war as an instrument of national foreign policy", - "5730b9dc8ab72b1400f9c710": "disarmament under strict and effective international control", + "5730b9dc8ab72b1400f9c70f": "national foreign policy", + "5730b9dc8ab72b1400f9c710": "general and complete disarmament", "5730bdfe396df9190009630e": "Sexual Ethics", - "5730bdfe396df9190009630f": "violence, degradation", + "5730bdfe396df9190009630f": "violence, degradation, exploitation, and coercion", "5730bdfe396df91900096310": "girls and women", - "5730bf03069b5314008322eb": "research instead of being destroyed", - "5730bf03069b5314008322ed": "umbilical cords and adult stem cells", - "5730bf03069b5314008322ec": "\"opposition to the creation of embryos for the sake of research", - "5730c059069b531400832305": "the Sunday Service of the Methodists in North America", + "5730bf03069b5314008322eb": "for IVF that remain after the procreative efforts have ceased", + "5730bf03069b5314008322ed": "adult", + "5730bf03069b5314008322ec": "sake of research", + "5730c059069b531400832305": "Sunday Service of the Methodists in North America", "5730c059069b531400832306": "When the Methodists in America were separated from the Church of England", - "5730c059069b531400832307": "Common Prayer", - "5730c52fb54a4f140068cc46": "United Methodist Church in Africa", - "5730c52fb54a4f140068cc47": "Common Prayer", + "5730c059069b531400832307": "Book of Common Prayer", + "5730c52fb54a4f140068cc46": "Africa", + "5730c52fb54a4f140068cc47": "Book of Common Prayer", "5730c52fb54a4f140068cc48": "anointing with oil", - "5730c6d3b54a4f140068cc4c": "Methodist institutions", + "5730c6d3b54a4f140068cc4c": "\"St. James UMC\"", "5730c6d3b54a4f140068cc4d": "William Booth", "5730c6d3b54a4f140068cc4e": "John Wesley", "5730c737b54a4f140068cc52": "The United Methodist Church", - "5730c737b54a4f140068cc54": "General Conference", - "5730c737b54a4f140068cc55": "quadrennium). Legislative changes are recorded in The Book of Discipline", + "5730c737b54a4f140068cc54": "the General Conference", + "5730c737b54a4f140068cc55": "Book of Discipline", "5730c737b54a4f140068cc53": "the General Conference", - "5730c737b54a4f140068cc56": "four years", + "5730c737b54a4f140068cc56": "every four years (quadrennium)", "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aa7": "five", "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aa8": "seven", - "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aa9": "to elect and appoint bishops", - "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aaa": "elect and appoint bishops", + "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aa9": "to elect and appoint bishops, the chief administrators of the church", + "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aaa": "bishops", "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aab": "Bishops thus elected serve Episcopal Areas", "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449c": "Mission Council", - "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449d": "church bishops)", - "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449e": "36 acres (150,000", - "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449f": "Southern Methodist University for the George W. Bush Presidential Library", + "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449d": "church bishops", + "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449e": "36", + "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449f": "for the George W. Bush Presidential Library", "5730c8a1f6cb411900e244a0": "Southern Methodist University", "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac2": "nine", "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac1": "The Judicial Council", - "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac3": "eight-year term. The ratio of laity to clergy alternates every eight years", - "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac4": "eight years", - "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac5": "at various locations throughout the world", - "5730cb0fb7151e1900c0154a": "Evangelical Lutheran Church in America", - "5730cb0fb7151e1900c0154b": "the geographical area", + "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac3": "eight-year term", + "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac4": "twice", + "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac5": "twice a year at various locations throughout the world", + "5730cb0fb7151e1900c0154a": "The Annual Conference", + "5730cb0fb7151e1900c0154b": "the geographical area it covers as well as the frequency of meeting", "5730cb0fb7151e1900c0154c": "their Annual Conference", "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c2": "The Book of Discipline", - "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c3": "three members and no more than nine", - "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c4": "three members and no more than nine", + "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c3": "three", + "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c4": "at least three members and no more than nine members", "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c5": "The church conference", - "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c6": "This committee", + "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c6": "The church conference", "5730cc2cb54a4f140068cc66": "one hundred", - "5730cc2cb54a4f140068cc67": "three hundred sixty schools", - "5730cc2cb54a4f140068cc68": "the International Association of Methodist-related Schools, Colleges, and Universities", + "5730cc2cb54a4f140068cc67": "three hundred sixty", + "5730cc2cb54a4f140068cc68": "International Association", "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc94": "John Wesley", "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc95": "pastors", - "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc96": "Deacons", - "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc97": "Deacons", - "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af5": "Conference Cabinet", - "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af6": "one year", - "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af7": "Many Annual Conferences try to avoid making appointment changes between sessions of Annual Conference", + "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc96": "their Annual Conference Order of Elders", + "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc97": "their Annual Conference Order of Deacons", + "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af5": "All clergy appointments are made and fixed annually by the resident bishop on the advice of the Annual Conference Cabinet", + "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af6": "annually", + "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af7": "Until the bishop has read the appointments at the session of the Annual Conference", "5730d473b7151e1900c0155a": "Elders", - "5730d473b7151e1900c0155b": "a bishop to a ministry of Word, Sacrament, Order and Service within the church. They may be appointed to the local church", + "5730d473b7151e1900c0155b": "God", "5730d473b7151e1900c0155c": "2\u20133 years", "5730d473b7151e1900c0155d": "District Superintendents", - "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b03": "2\u20133 years", + "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b03": "2\u20133", "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b04": "Deacons", "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b05": "Deacons", - "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b06": "ministries of word, service, compassion, and justice", + "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b06": "granted sacramental authority", "5730d597f6cb411900e244d6": "1996", "5730d597f6cb411900e244d7": "provisional elder/deacon", - "5730d597f6cb411900e244d8": "\"provisional elder\" or \"provisional deacon", - "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01562": "Licensed Local Pastor' and is appointed as clergy to the local church where they preach, conduct divine worship and perform the regular duties of a pastor", - "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01563": "Local Pastor are given the authority to preach the Word of God", - "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01564": "five", - "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01565": "Associate Membership allowing them to retire as clergy", - "5730d77ef6cb411900e244dc": "The United Methodist Church (UMC) practices infant and adult baptism", + "5730d597f6cb411900e244d8": "ordination order of transitional deacon", + "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01562": "Licensed Local Pastor", + "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01563": "The licensed local pastor", + "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01564": "five-year", + "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01565": "Associate Membership", + "5730d77ef6cb411900e244dc": "Baptized Members", "5730d77ef6cb411900e244dd": "through confirmation", - "5730d77ef6cb411900e244de": "Christian denomination", + "5730d77ef6cb411900e244de": "transfer from another Christian denomination", "5730de74f6cb411900e244fc": "Baptism", "5730de74f6cb411900e244fd": "confirmation and membership preparation classes", - "5730de74f6cb411900e244fe": "United Methodist Church", - "5730de74f6cb411900e244ff": "Methodist-Christian theological tradition", - "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b61": "lay servants: local church lay servant, who serve in and through their local churches, and certified lay servants", - "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b62": "local church lay servant", - "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b63": "three years", - "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b64": "three years", + "5730de74f6cb411900e244fe": "The Book of Discipline of the United Methodist Church", + "5730de74f6cb411900e244ff": "Church and the Methodist-Christian theological tradition", + "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b61": "lay servants", + "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b62": "they must be recommended by their pastor and Church Council or Charge Conference", + "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b63": "annually", + "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b64": "at least one advanced course every three years", "5730e9f4aca1c71400fe5b73": "The United Methodist Church", - "5730e9f4aca1c71400fe5b74": "observer status in the National Association of Evangelicals and in the World Evangelical Fellowship", + "5730e9f4aca1c71400fe5b74": "observer status", "5730e9f4aca1c71400fe5b75": "blurring of theological and confessional differences in the interests of unity", "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce4": "2000", "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce5": "May 2012", "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce6": "1985", "5730eb5b497a881900248a3f": "11 million", - "5730eb5b497a881900248a40": "11 million members in nearly 42,000", + "5730eb5b497a881900248a40": "42,000", "5730eb5b497a881900248a41": "8 million", - "5730eb5b497a881900248a42": "8 million members in over 34,000", + "5730eb5b497a881900248a42": "34,000", "5730eb5b497a881900248a43": "Texas", "5730ebe0a5e9cc1400cdbae5": "11.4 million", "5730ebe0a5e9cc1400cdbae6": "11.4 million", - "5730ebe0a5e9cc1400cdbae7": "11.4 million", + "5730ebe0a5e9cc1400cdbae7": "3.5 million", "5730ec85e6313a140071caba": "Wesleyan Holiness Consortium", - "5730ec85e6313a140071cabb": "Methodist Council", + "5730ec85e6313a140071cabb": "World Methodist Council", "5730ec85e6313a140071cabc": "July 18, 2006", "5733cf61d058e614000b62e9": "1754\u20131763", - "5733cf61d058e614000b62ea": "the colonies of British America and New France", + "5733cf61d058e614000b62ea": "colonies of British America and New France", "5733cf61d058e614000b62eb": "2 million", "5733cf61d058e614000b62ec": "2 million", - "5733cff84776f419006612b4": "along the frontiers between New France and the British colonies, from Virginia in the South to Nova Scotia", - "5733cff84776f419006612b5": "a dispute", + "5733cff84776f419006612b4": "primarily along the frontiers between New France and the British colonies", + "5733cff84776f419006612b5": "It began with a dispute over control of the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers", "5733cff84776f419006612b6": "May 1754", "5733d13e4776f419006612c4": "1755", - "5733d13e4776f419006612c5": "planned a four-way attack on the French. None succeeded and the main effort by Braddock was a disaster", - "5733d13e4776f419006612c6": "poor management", - "5733d13e4776f419006612c7": "Monongahela", - "5733d13e4776f419006612c8": "regular forces, and Indian warrior allies", + "5733d13e4776f419006612c5": "a disaster", + "5733d13e4776f419006612c6": "poor management, internal divisions, and effective Canadian scouts, French regular forces, and Indian warrior allies", + "5733d13e4776f419006612c7": "Fort Beaus\u00e9jour", + "5733d13e4776f419006612c8": "effective Canadian scouts, French regular forces", "5733d249d058e614000b6331": "William Pitt", - "5733d249d058e614000b6332": "increased British military resources", - "5733d249d058e614000b6333": "Canada", - "5733d249d058e614000b6334": "Sainte Foy", - "5733d2dbd058e614000b6339": "French Louisiana west of the Mississippi River (including New Orleans) to its ally Spain", - "5733d2dbd058e614000b633a": "French Louisiana west of the Mississippi River", - "5733d2dbd058e614000b633b": "compensation for Spain's loss to Britain of Florida (Spain had ceded this to Britain in exchange for the return of Havana, Cuba", - "5733d3cb4776f419006612ea": "1740s", - "5733d3cb4776f419006612eb": "fought on both sides of the conflict", - "5733d3cb4776f419006612ec": "part of the Seven Years' War", - "5733d3cb4776f419006612ed": "the Fourth Intercolonial War", - "5733d4c8d058e614000b6353": "the peace treaty in 1763", + "5733d249d058e614000b6332": "British military resources", + "5733d249d058e614000b6333": "Prussia", + "5733d249d058e614000b6334": "Sainte Foy in Quebec", + "5733d2dbd058e614000b6339": "France ceded its territory east of the Mississippi to Great Britain", + "5733d2dbd058e614000b633a": "French Louisiana west of the Mississippi River (including New Orleans)", + "5733d2dbd058e614000b633b": "Britain's position as the dominant colonial power in eastern North America.", + "5733d3cb4776f419006612ea": "in the 1740s", + "5733d3cb4776f419006612eb": "Indians fought on both sides of the conflict", + "5733d3cb4776f419006612ec": "a much larger conflict between France and Great Britain", + "5733d3cb4776f419006612ed": "the Fourth Intercolonial War and the Great War for the Empire", + "5733d4c8d058e614000b6353": "from the official declaration of war in 1756 to the signing of the peace treaty in 1763", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6354": "six years", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6355": "1760", - "5733d4c8d058e614000b6356": "Jumonville Glen", - "5733d5704776f4190066130e": "75,000", - "5733d5704776f4190066130f": "75,000 and was heavily concentrated along the St. Lawrence River valley", - "5733d5704776f41900661310": "east side of the Mississippi River and its tributaries", - "5733d68ed058e614000b637f": "20 to 1 with a population of about 1.5 million", - "5733d68ed058e614000b6380": "Georgia in the south", + "5733d4c8d058e614000b6356": "Battle of Jumonville Glen", + "5733d5704776f4190066130e": "about 75,000", + "5733d5704776f4190066130f": "St. Lawrence River valley", + "5733d5704776f41900661310": "throughout the St. Lawrence and Mississippi watersheds", + "5733d68ed058e614000b637f": "20 to 1", + "5733d68ed058e614000b6380": "along the eastern coast of the continent", "5733d68ed058e614000b6381": "along the coast", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ab": "native tribes", - "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ac": "Abenaki", - "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ad": "present-day Upstate New York", - "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ae": "Iroquois", + "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ac": "native tribes. To the north, the Mi'kmaq and the Abenaki", + "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ad": "present-day Upstate New York and the Ohio Country", + "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ae": "Iroquois rule", "5733da01d058e614000b63f9": "Catawba, Muskogee-speaking Creek and Choctaw, and the Iroquoian-speaking Cherokee", - "5733da01d058e614000b63fa": "tribes in western portions of the Great Lakes", - "5733da01d058e614000b63fb": "the Huron, Mississauga, Ojibwa, Winnebago, and Potawatomi", - "5733dab4d058e614000b6409": "French regular army troops", - "5733dab4d058e614000b640a": "few British troops", + "5733da01d058e614000b63fa": "Great Lakes region", + "5733da01d058e614000b63fb": "Iroquois Six Nations", + "5733dab4d058e614000b6409": "no French regular army troops", + "5733dab4d058e614000b640a": "no French regular army troops were stationed", "5733dab4d058e614000b640b": "New France", - "5733db8dd058e614000b6428": "4,800 km) between June and November 1749", + "5733db8dd058e614000b6428": "between June and November 1749", "5733db8dd058e614000b6429": "200 Troupes de la marine and 30 Indians", - "5733db8dd058e614000b642a": "200 Troupes de la marine and 30 Indians", - "5733dc95d058e614000b644a": "trade", + "5733db8dd058e614000b642a": "lead plates", + "5733dc95d058e614000b644a": "C\u00e9loron that they owned the Ohio Country", "5733dc95d058e614000b644b": "Pickawillany", - "5733dc95d058e614000b644c": "severe consequences", - "5733dc95d058e614000b644d": "severe consequences", + "5733dc95d058e614000b644c": "C\u00e9loron threatened \"Old Briton\" with severe consequences if he continued to trade with the British", + "5733dc95d058e614000b644d": "C\u00e9loron threatened", "5733dd4f4776f419006613aa": "very badly disposed towards the French", - "5733dd4f4776f419006613ab": "before his return to Montreal", - "5733dd4f4776f419006613ac": "proposing that action be taken. William Shirley, the expansionist governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, was particularly forceful", + "5733dd4f4776f419006613ab": "leading to a brisk trade in European colonial captives", + "5733dd4f4776f419006613ac": "was particularly forceful", "5733e5a14776f4190066145b": "1749", - "5733e5a14776f4190066145c": "Virginia", + "5733e5a14776f4190066145c": "Ohio Company of Virginia", "5733e5a14776f4190066145d": "Christopher Gist", - "5733e5a14776f4190066145e": "Treaty of Logstown", - "5733e5a14776f4190066145f": "Logstown. He completed the 1752 Treaty of Logstown", - "5733e771d058e614000b6545": "King George's War) formally ended in 1748 with the signing of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle", - "5733e771d058e614000b6546": "1748 with the signing of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle", - "5733e771d058e614000b6547": "conflicting territorial claims between British and French colonies", - "5733e771d058e614000b6548": "Frontiers", + "5733e5a14776f4190066145e": "1752 Treaty of Logstown", + "5733e5a14776f4190066145f": "at the mouth of the Monongahela River", + "5733e771d058e614000b6545": "King George's War", + "5733e771d058e614000b6546": "1748", + "5733e771d058e614000b6547": "conflicting territorial claims between British and French colonies in North America", + "5733e771d058e614000b6548": "The issues of conflicting territorial claims between British and French colonies in North America were turned over to a commission to resolve", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a6": "Marquis de la Jonqui\u00e8re", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a7": "300", - "5733e8ae4776f419006614a8": "Charles Michel de Langlade, an officer in the Troupes de la Marine. Langlade was given 300 men", - "5733e8ae4776f419006614a9": "Pickawillany, capturing three traders and killing 14 people of the Miami nation, including Old Briton", + "5733e8ae4776f419006614a8": "to punish the Miami people of Pickawillany", + "5733e8ae4776f419006614a9": "Pickawillany", "5733ea04d058e614000b6594": "Paul Marin de la Malgue", - "5733ea04d058e614000b6595": "Fort Presque Isle", - "5733ea04d058e614000b6596": "Lake Erie's south shore", - "5733ea04d058e614000b6597": "2,000-man force of Troupes de la Marine and Indians", + "5733ea04d058e614000b6595": "Fort Le Boeuf", + "5733ea04d058e614000b6596": "Fort Le Boeuf", + "5733ea04d058e614000b6597": "to protect the King's land in the Ohio Valley from the British", "5733ea04d058e614000b6598": "Tanaghrisson", - "5733eb34d058e614000b65cc": "Western New York Militia", + "5733eb34d058e614000b65cc": "Superintendent for Indian Affairs in the New York region", "5733eb34d058e614000b65cd": "Warraghiggey", - "5733eb34d058e614000b65ce": "Warraghiggey", + "5733eb34d058e614000b65ce": "a colonel of the Western New York Militia", "5733eb34d058e614000b65cf": "Mohawk Chief Hendrick", - "5733ef47d058e614000b662b": "the Ohio Company", + "5733ef47d058e614000b662b": "Ohio Company", "5733ef47d058e614000b662c": "George Washington", "5733ef47d058e614000b662d": "Jacob Van Braam", "5733ef47d058e614000b662e": "December 12", "5733f062d058e614000b6633": "Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre", - "5733f062d058e614000b6634": "Dinwiddie", - "5733f062d058e614000b6635": "As to the Summons you send me to retire", - "5733f062d058e614000b6636": "Saint-Pierre said, \"As to the Summons you send me to retire", - "5733f1784776f41900661575": "40", - "5733f1784776f41900661576": "April 16", - "5733f1784776f41900661577": "a small stockaded fort", + "5733f062d058e614000b6634": "from Dinwiddie", + "5733f062d058e614000b6635": "\"As to the Summons you send me to retire", + "5733f062d058e614000b6636": "British", + "5733f1784776f41900661575": "500", + "5733f1784776f41900661576": "early months of 1754", + "5733f1784776f41900661577": "Fort Duquesne", "5733f309d058e614000b6648": "Battle of Jumonville Glen", - "5733f309d058e614000b6649": "Jumonville Glen", - "5733f309d058e614000b664a": "trading relationships", - "5733f410d058e614000b6663": "to dislodge the French", - "5733f410d058e614000b6664": "February 1755", - "5733f410d058e614000b6665": "leaked", - "5733f410d058e614000b6666": "leaked", - "5733f5264776f419006615a3": "Albany Congress", - "5733f5264776f419006615a4": "formalize a unified front in trade and negotiations with various Indians", - "5733f5264776f419006615a5": "unified front in trade and negotiations with various Indians", - "5733f5264776f419006615a6": "unified front in trade and negotiations with various Indians", + "5733f309d058e614000b6649": "They killed many of the Canadians", + "5733f309d058e614000b664a": "to gain the support of the British and regain authority over his own people. They had been inclined to support the French", + "5733f410d058e614000b6663": "dislodge the French", + "5733f410d058e614000b6664": "Word of the British military plans leaked to France", + "5733f410d058e614000b6665": "King Louis XV dispatched six regiments to New France under the command of Baron Dieskau", + "5733f410d058e614000b6666": "the British military plans leaked to France", + "5733f5264776f419006615a3": "The goal of the congress was to formalize a unified front in trade and negotiations with various Indians,", + "5733f5264776f419006615a4": "to formalize a unified front in trade and negotiations with various Indians", + "5733f5264776f419006615a5": "The plan that the delegates agreed to was never ratified by the colonial legislatures nor approved of by the crown.", + "5733f5264776f419006615a6": "to formalize a unified front in trade and negotiations with various Indians,", "5733f5f24776f419006615c1": "Braddock", - "5733f5f24776f419006615c2": "a retreat", + "5733f5f24776f419006615c2": "about 1,500 army troops and provincial militia on an expedition in June 1755 to take Fort Duquesne", "5733f5f24776f419006615c3": "1,000", - "5733f5f24776f419006615c4": "Thomas Gage", + "5733f5f24776f419006615c4": "Washington and Thomas Gage", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66a9": "Shirley and Johnson", - "5733f7b9d058e614000b66aa": "logistical difficulties", - "5733f7b9d058e614000b66ab": "Fort Niagara", + "5733f7b9d058e614000b66aa": "logistical difficulties, exacerbated by Shirley's inexperience in managing large expeditions", + "5733f7b9d058e614000b66ab": "in his absence when he planned to attack Fort Niagara", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66ac": "garrisons", "5733f8dc4776f419006615f7": "Marquis de Vaudreuil", - "5733f8dc4776f419006615f8": "larger threat", - "5733f8dc4776f419006615f9": "Fort William Henry", + "5733f8dc4776f419006615f8": "Vaudreuil sent Dieskau", + "5733f8dc4776f419006615f9": "Fort Edward and Fort William Henry", "5733f8dc4776f419006615fa": "Fort William Henry", - "5733f8dc4776f419006615fb": "Ticonderoga Point, where they began the construction of Fort Carillon", + "5733f8dc4776f419006615fb": "Ticonderoga Point", "5733f9fa4776f4190066161f": "Colonel Monckton", "5733f9fa4776f41900661620": "cutting the French fortress at Louisbourg off from land-based reinforcements", - "5733f9fa4776f41900661621": "Petitcodiac in 1755 and at Bloody Creek near Annapolis Royal in 1757", + "5733f9fa4776f41900661621": "campaigns to expel the Acadians (ranging around the Bay of Fundy, on the Petitcodiac and St. John rivers", "5733faaf4776f4190066162f": "William Shirley", - "5733faaf4776f41900661630": "Albany in December 1755", + "5733faaf4776f41900661630": "Albany", "5733faaf4776f41900661631": "Fort Frontenac on the north shore of Lake Ontario and an expedition through the wilderness of the Maine district and down the Chaudi\u00e8re River", - "5733faaf4776f41900661632": "north shore of Lake Ontario and an expedition through the wilderness of the Maine district and down the Chaudi\u00e8re River", - "5733fb7bd058e614000b66ff": "James Abercrombie", + "5733faaf4776f41900661632": "wilderness of the Maine district and down the Chaudi\u00e8re River", + "5733fb7bd058e614000b66ff": "Major General James Abercrombie", "5733fb7bd058e614000b6700": "Major General Louis-Joseph de Montcalm", "5733fb7bd058e614000b6701": "May 18, 1756", - "5733fc6ed058e614000b670f": "Scouts had reported the weakness of the British supply chain, so he ordered an attack against the forts Shirley", - "5733fc6ed058e614000b6710": "Oneida Carry. In the March Battle of Fort Bull, French forces destroyed the fort and large quantities of supplies, including 45,000 pounds of gunpowder", + "5733fc6ed058e614000b670f": "the Oneida", + "5733fc6ed058e614000b6710": "the British supply chain", "5733fc6ed058e614000b6711": "45,000 pounds of gunpowder", - "5733fc6ed058e614000b6712": "45,000 pounds of gunpowder", + "5733fc6ed058e614000b6712": "hopes for campaigns on Lake Ontario, and endangered the Oswego garrison, already short on supplies.", "5733fd66d058e614000b6735": "Abercrombie", "5733fd66d058e614000b6736": "Ticonderoga", - "5733fd66d058e614000b6737": "Ticonderoga", - "5733fd66d058e614000b6738": "disagreed about the disposition of prisoners' personal effects", + "5733fd66d058e614000b6737": "Lake George", + "5733fd66d058e614000b6738": "the disposition of prisoners' personal effects", "5733fe73d058e614000b673d": "an attack on New France's capital, Quebec", - "5733fe73d058e614000b673e": "massacre", + "5733fe73d058e614000b673e": "a fleet outnumbering the British", "5733fe73d058e614000b673f": "William Pitt", - "5733fe73d058e614000b6740": "massacre", + "5733fe73d058e614000b6740": "a fleet outnumbering the British one awaited Loudoun at Louisbourg. Faced with this strength, Loudoun returned to New York", "5733ffa7d058e614000b674f": "French irregular forces", "5733ffa7d058e614000b6750": "frozen Lake George", - "5733ffa7d058e614000b6751": "an agreement to withdraw under parole", + "5733ffa7d058e614000b6751": "attacked the British column", "57340111d058e614000b677d": "a poor harvest", - "57340111d058e614000b677e": "machinations of Fran\u00e7ois Bigot", - "57340111d058e614000b677f": "the St. Lawrence, with primary defenses at Carillon, Quebec, and Louisbourg", - "5734025d4776f419006616c3": "Duke of Cumberland", + "57340111d058e614000b677e": "poor harvest in 1757, a difficult winter, and the allegedly corrupt machinations of Fran\u00e7ois Bigot", + "57340111d058e614000b677f": "St. Lawrence", + "5734025d4776f419006616c3": "The British failures in North America", "5734025d4776f419006616c4": "Loudoun", "5734025d4776f419006616c5": "major offensive actions involving large numbers of regular troops, supported by the provincial militias", "5734025d4776f419006616c6": "Two", "573403394776f419006616dd": "3,600", - "573403394776f419006616de": "3,600", - "573403394776f419006616df": "Ticonderoga. Abercrombie saved something from the disaster", - "573403394776f419006616e0": "Ticonderoga. Abercrombie saved something from the disaster", - "57340549d058e614000b67dd": "an invasion of Britain", - "57340549d058e614000b67de": "an invasion of Britain, to draw British resources away from North America and the European mainland. The invasion failed both militarily and politically", + "573403394776f419006616de": "3,600 Frenchmen famously and decisively defeated Abercrombie's force of 18,000", + "573403394776f419006616df": "he sent John Bradstreet on an expedition that successfully destroyed Fort Frontenac", + "573403394776f419006616e0": "he sent John Bradstreet on an expedition that successfully destroyed Fort Frontenac", + "57340549d058e614000b67dd": "invasion of Britain", + "57340549d058e614000b67de": "The invasion failed both militarily and politically, as Pitt again planned significant campaigns against New France", "57340549d058e614000b67df": "Lagos and Quiberon Bay", "573406d1d058e614000b6801": "James Wolfe", - "573406d1d058e614000b6802": "Fort Niagara successfully cut off the French frontier forts", + "573406d1d058e614000b6802": "victory at Fort Niagara successfully cut off the French frontier forts further to the west and south", "573406d1d058e614000b6803": "Battle of Sainte-Foy", - "573406d1d058e614000b6804": "Battle of Sainte-Foy, the British were able to prevent the arrival of French relief ships in the naval Battle of the Restigouche", - "573407d7d058e614000b6813": "Governor Vaudreuil", + "573406d1d058e614000b6804": "the naval Battle of the Restigouche", + "573407d7d058e614000b6813": "Governor Vaudreuil negotiated from Montreal a capitulation with General Amherst", "573407d7d058e614000b6814": "medical treatment", - "573407d7d058e614000b6815": "Amherst", + "573407d7d058e614000b6815": "Governor Vaudreuil", "573408ef4776f41900661757": "10 February 1763", "573408ef4776f41900661758": "15 February 1763", - "573408ef4776f41900661759": "North American possessions east of the Mississippi or the Caribbean islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique", - "573408ef4776f4190066175a": "because they already had ample places from which to obtain sugar", + "573408ef4776f41900661759": "either its continental North American possessions east of the Mississippi or the Caribbean islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique, which had been occupied by the British", + "573408ef4776f4190066175a": "cede the former", "57340a094776f4190066177d": "80,000", "57340a094776f4190066177e": "1755", - "57340a094776f4190066177f": "North American provinces, but many went to France, and some went to New Orleans", + "57340a094776f4190066177f": "New Orleans", "57340a094776f41900661780": "New Orleans", "57340b1bd058e614000b6869": "King George III", "57340b1bd058e614000b686a": "outlined the division and administration of the newly conquered territory", "57340b1bd058e614000b686b": "Appalachian Mountains", - "57340d124776f419006617c3": "Louisiana territory", + "57340d124776f419006617c3": "westward migration of tribes that did not want to do business with the British", "57340d124776f419006617c0": "legal and illegal settlement due to the construction of military roads to the area by Braddock and Forbes", "57340d124776f419006617c1": "1769", - "57340d124776f419006617c2": "Braddock and Forbes", - "57340d124776f419006617bf": "disappearance of a strong ally and counterweight to British expansion", + "57340d124776f419006617c2": "Spanish Florida", + "57340d124776f419006617bf": "the disappearance of a strong ally and counterweight to British expansion", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e71": "force", - "573735e8c3c5551400e51e72": "fundamental error was the belief that a force is required to maintain motion, even at a constant velocity", - "573735e8c3c5551400e51e73": "Galileo Galilei and Sir Isaac Newton", - "573735e8c3c5551400e51e74": "nearly three hundred years", - "573735e8c3c5551400e51e75": "Galileo Galilei and Sir Isaac Newton", - "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7b": "quantum mechanics and technology that can accelerate particles close to the speed of light, particle physics", - "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7c": "bosons", - "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7d": "decreasing strength", + "573735e8c3c5551400e51e72": "fundamental error", + "573735e8c3c5551400e51e73": "Aristotle and Archimedes", + "573735e8c3c5551400e51e74": "three hundred years", + "573735e8c3c5551400e51e75": "Sir Isaac Newton", + "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7b": "a Standard Model", + "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7c": "gauge bosons", + "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7d": "electroweak", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7e": "electromagnetic, weak, and gravitational", - "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7f": "electromagnetic, weak, and gravitational", + "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7f": "electroweak interaction", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e85": "Aristotle", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e86": "Aristotelian cosmology", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e87": "four", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e88": "on the ground", - "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e89": "natural motion\", and unnatural or forced motion", - "57373f80c3c5551400e51e8f": "17th century", + "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e89": "Aristotelian cosmology", + "57373f80c3c5551400e51e8f": "the 17th century", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e90": "Galileo Galilei", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e91": "an innate force of impetus", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e92": "Galileo", - "57373f80c3c5551400e51e93": "a force", + "57373f80c3c5551400e51e93": "objects retain their velocity unless acted on by a force, for example friction", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e99": "Newton", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9a": "a lack of net force", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9b": "Newton", - "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9c": "Newton", - "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9d": "every inertial frame of reference", - "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea3": "physics", - "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea4": "parabolic path", - "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea5": "physics", + "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9c": "Newton's First Law", + "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9d": "the same in every inertial frame of reference", + "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea3": "laws of physics", + "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea4": "a curving parabolic path", + "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea5": "everything inside of it is at rest", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea6": "Inertia", "573749741c4567190057445d": "inertia", - "573749741c4567190057445e": "rotational inertia of planet Earth is what fixes the constancy of the length of a day and the length of a year", + "573749741c4567190057445e": "the constancy of the length of a day and the length of a year", "573749741c4567190057445f": "Albert Einstein", - "573749741c45671900574460": "constant acceleration", - "573749741c45671900574461": "one of the foundational underpinnings", - "573750f51c45671900574467": "inverse proportionality of acceleration to mass. Accelerations can be defined through kinematic measurements. However, while kinematics", + "573749741c45671900574460": "weightlessness", + "573749741c45671900574461": "shared reference frame. This principle of equivalence was one of the foundational underpinnings", + "573750f51c45671900574467": "inverse", "573750f61c45671900574468": "kinematic measurements", - "573750f61c45671900574469": "General relativity", - "573750f61c4567190057446a": "it is unclear as to how or whether this connection is relevant on microscales", - "573750f61c4567190057446b": "inverse proportionality of acceleration to mass. Accelerations can be defined through kinematic measurements", - "5737534ec3c5551400e51eab": "Newton's Third Law is a result of applying symmetry to situations where forces can be attributed to the presence of different objects", - "5737534ec3c5551400e51eac": "Newton's Third Law is a result of applying symmetry to situations where forces can be attributed to the presence of different objects. The third law", - "5737534ec3c5551400e51ead": "a unidirectional force", - "5737534ec3c5551400e51eae": "a force \u2212F on the first body. F and \u2212F are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction", - "573755afc3c5551400e51eb3": "unaccelerated", - "573755afc3c5551400e51eb4": "a closed system of particles, there are no internal forces that are unbalanced", + "573750f61c45671900574469": "General relativity offers an equivalence between space-time and mass, but lacking a coherent theory of quantum gravity", + "573750f61c4567190057446a": "it is unclear", + "573750f61c4567190057446b": "relative units of force and mass then are fixed", + "5737534ec3c5551400e51eab": "Newton's Third Law", + "5737534ec3c5551400e51eac": "Newton's Third Law", + "5737534ec3c5551400e51ead": "unidirectional force", + "5737534ec3c5551400e51eae": "F on a second body", + "573755afc3c5551400e51eb3": "center of mass", + "573755afc3c5551400e51eb4": "closed", "573755afc3c5551400e51eb5": "19-1", "573766251c45671900574471": "intuitive understanding", "573766251c45671900574472": "precise operational definitions", "573766251c45671900574473": "Newtonian mechanics", - "573766251c45671900574474": "Newtonian mechanics", + "573766251c45671900574474": "fully consistent with the conceptual definition", "57376828c3c5551400e51eb9": "vector quantities", - "57376828c3c5551400e51eba": "mathematical rules than physical quantities that do not have direction (denoted scalar quantities", - "57376828c3c5551400e51ebb": "Associating forces with vectors avoids such problems", - "57376828c3c5551400e51ebc": "scalar quantities", - "57376828c3c5551400e51ebd": "pulling in the same direction", + "57376828c3c5551400e51eba": "denoted scalar quantities", + "57376828c3c5551400e51ebb": "it is necessary to know both the magnitude and the direction of both", + "57376828c3c5551400e51ebc": "ambiguous", + "57376828c3c5551400e51ebd": "impossible", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec3": "static equilibrium", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec4": "magnitude and direction", - "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec5": "the net force", - "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec6": "motion of the body", - "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec7": "the net force", + "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec5": "net force", + "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec6": "their respective lines of application", + "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec7": "point particle", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ecd": "independent components", - "57376c50c3c5551400e51ece": "two forces, one pointing north, and one pointing east", - "57376c50c3c5551400e51ecf": "Resolving force vectors into components of a set of basis vectors is often a more mathematically clean way to describe forces than using magnitudes and directions", - "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed0": "magnitudes and directions", - "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed1": "A horizontal force pointing northeast can therefore be split into two forces, one pointing north, and one pointing east", - "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed7": "static friction", - "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed8": "static friction", + "57376c50c3c5551400e51ece": "two", + "57376c50c3c5551400e51ecf": "Summing these component forces using vector addition yields the original force", + "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed0": "orthogonal components", + "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed1": "three-dimensional with the third component", + "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed7": "frictional surface", + "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed8": "frictional surface can result in a situation where the object does not move because the applied force", "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed9": "acceleration", - "57376df3c3c5551400e51eda": "acceleration", - "57377083c3c5551400e51edf": "simple devices such as weighing scales and spring balances", - "57377083c3c5551400e51ee0": "gravity acting on the object balanced by a force applied by the \"spring reaction force", - "57377083c3c5551400e51ee1": "\"spring reaction force", - "57377083c3c5551400e51ee2": "constant density", + "57376df3c3c5551400e51eda": "no movement", + "57377083c3c5551400e51edf": "simple devices", + "57377083c3c5551400e51ee0": "spring reaction force", + "57377083c3c5551400e51ee1": "force of gravity", + "57377083c3c5551400e51ee2": "spring reaction force\", which equals the object's weight. Using such tools, some quantitative force laws were discovered: that the force of gravity", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee3": "Isaac Newton", "573776eec3c5551400e51ee9": "Galileo", - "573776eec3c5551400e51eea": "absolute rest frame\" did not exist. Galileo concluded that motion in a constant velocity was completely equivalent to rest", + "573776eec3c5551400e51eea": "equivalent to rest", "573776eec3c5551400e51eeb": "Aristotle", - "573776eec3c5551400e51eec": "Aristotelian physics would have the cannonball fall straight down", - "573776eec3c5551400e51eed": "travel", - "57377862c3c5551400e51ef3": "kinetic friction", - "57377862c3c5551400e51ef4": "the kinetic friction force", - "57377862c3c5551400e51ef5": "Aristotle misinterpreted this motion as being caused by the applied force", - "57377862c3c5551400e51ef6": "Aristotle misinterpreted this motion as being caused by the applied force", - "57377aac1c45671900574479": "the Schr\u00f6dinger equation", + "573776eec3c5551400e51eec": "behind the foot of the mast of a moving ship", + "573776eec3c5551400e51eed": "beneath it", + "57377862c3c5551400e51ef3": "equilibrium", + "57377862c3c5551400e51ef4": "kinetic friction", + "57377862c3c5551400e51ef5": "kinetic friction", + "57377862c3c5551400e51ef6": "Aristotle", + "57377aac1c45671900574479": "Schr\u00f6dinger equation", "57377aac1c4567190057447a": "Newtonian", "57377aac1c4567190057447b": "classical position variables", - "57377aac1c4567190057447c": "Newtonian equations. This has the consequence that the results of a measurement are now sometimes \"quantized", + "57377aac1c4567190057447c": "quantized", "57377aac1c4567190057447d": "force", - "57377c98c3c5551400e51efb": "the \"spin\"", + "57377c98c3c5551400e51efb": "spin", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efc": "Pauli", - "57377c98c3c5551400e51efd": "spin", - "57377c98c3c5551400e51efe": "negative correlation", - "57377c98c3c5551400e51eff": "fermions and bosons", + "57377c98c3c5551400e51efd": "value of the spin", + "57377c98c3c5551400e51efe": "symmetric spin function", + "57377c98c3c5551400e51eff": "symmetric spin function", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f05": "mathematical by-product of exchange of momentum-carrying gauge bosons", - "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f06": "quantum electrodynamics", - "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f07": "conservation of momentum", + "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f06": "force", + "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f07": "fundamental interactions", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f08": "Feynman diagrams", - "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f09": "mathematical by-product of exchange of momentum-carrying gauge bosons", + "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f09": "anti-matter particles are identical except for their direction of propagation through the Feynman diagram. World", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f0f": "four", - "5737804dc3c5551400e51f10": "electromagnetic force", + "5737804dc3c5551400e51f10": "strong and weak forces", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f11": "electromagnetic force", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f12": "electric charges", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f13": "Pauli exclusion principle", - "5737821cc3c5551400e51f19": "Michael Faraday and James Clerk Maxwell", - "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1a": "20th century", - "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1b": "A Grand Unified Theory", - "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1c": "Grand Unified Theory", + "5737821cc3c5551400e51f19": "Isaac Newton", + "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1a": "20th", + "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1b": "self-consistent unification", + "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1c": "self-consistent", "573784fa1c45671900574483": "Isaac Newton", - "573784fa1c45671900574484": "Galileo", - "573784fa1c45671900574485": "acceleration of every object in free-fall", - "573784fa1c45671900574486": "Galileo", - "573784fa1c45671900574487": "gravity", + "573784fa1c45671900574484": "Isaac Newton", + "573784fa1c45671900574485": "9.81 meters per second squared", + "573784fa1c45671900574486": "from sea level", + "573784fa1c45671900574487": "force of gravity", "573786b51c4567190057448d": "in different ways at larger distances", - "573786b51c4567190057448e": "the same force of gravity if the acceleration due to gravity decreased as an inverse square law", - "573786b51c4567190057448f": "mass of the attracting body", - "573786b51c45671900574490": "mass () and the radius () of the Earth to the gravitational acceleration", + "573786b51c4567190057448e": "acceleration of the Moon around the Earth could be ascribed to the same force of gravity", + "573786b51c4567190057448f": "the mass of the attracting body", + "573786b51c45671900574490": "radius", "57378862c3c5551400e51f21": "a dimensional constant", "57378862c3c5551400e51f22": "Henry Cavendish", "57378862c3c5551400e51f23": "1798", "57378862c3c5551400e51f24": "Newton", "5737898f1c45671900574495": "Mercury", "5737898f1c45671900574496": "Vulcan", - "5737898f1c45671900574497": "general relativity", + "5737898f1c45671900574497": "theory of general relativity", "5737898f1c45671900574498": "Albert Einstein", "5737898f1c45671900574499": "Albert Einstein", "57378b141c4567190057449f": "general relativity", - "57378b141c456719005744a0": "ballistic trajectory of the object. For example, a basketball thrown from the ground moves in a parabola", - "57378b141c456719005744a1": "what we label as \"gravitational force", - "57378b141c456719005744a2": "global sense that the curvature of space-time", - "57378c9b1c456719005744a8": "a rule of vector multiplication called Lorentz's Law describes the force on a charge moving in a magnetic field", - "57378c9b1c456719005744a9": "Lorentz's Law describes the force on a charge moving in a magnetic field. The connection between electricity and magnetism", + "57378b141c456719005744a0": "the straight line path in space-time", + "57378b141c456719005744a1": "what we label as \"gravitational force\"", + "57378b141c456719005744a2": "global sense", + "57378c9b1c456719005744a8": "electric current", + "57378c9b1c456719005744a9": "magnetic field", "57378c9b1c456719005744a7": "Lorentz", - "57378c9b1c456719005744aa": "the electric field", + "57378c9b1c456719005744aa": "magnetic field", "57378e311c456719005744af": "James Clerk Maxwell", "57378e311c456719005744b0": "1864", "57378e311c456719005744b1": "20", @@ -10505,68 +10505,68 @@ "573792ee1c456719005744ba": "quantum mechanics", "573792ee1c456719005744bb": "quantum electrodynamics", "573792ee1c456719005744bc": "photons", - "573792ee1c456719005744bd": "photons. In QED, photons are the fundamental exchange particle", - "5737958ac3c5551400e51f29": "stiffness and rigidity of solid matter to the repulsion of like charges under the influence of the electromagnetic force", + "573792ee1c456719005744bd": "fundamental exchange particle", + "5737958ac3c5551400e51f29": "Pauli exclusion principle", "5737958ac3c5551400e51f2a": "repulsion of like charges under the influence of the electromagnetic force", - "5737958ac3c5551400e51f2b": "fermions", - "5737958ac3c5551400e51f2c": "fermions", - "5737958b1c456719005744c3": "stiffness and rigidity of solid matter to the repulsion of like charges under the influence of the electromagnetic force", + "5737958ac3c5551400e51f2b": "energy", + "5737958ac3c5551400e51f2c": "as a structural force", + "5737958b1c456719005744c3": "Pauli exclusion principle", "5737958b1c456719005744c4": "repulsion of like charges under the influence of the electromagnetic force", - "5737958b1c456719005744c5": "fermions", - "5737958b1c456719005744c6": "fermions", - "573796edc3c5551400e51f33": "gluons", + "5737958b1c456719005744c5": "energy", + "5737958b1c456719005744c6": "as a structural force", + "573796edc3c5551400e51f33": "elementary particles", "573796edc3c5551400e51f34": "the force that acts between nucleons in atomic nuclei) as the nuclear force", - "573796edc3c5551400e51f35": "atomic nuclei) as the nuclear force", - "573796edc3c5551400e51f36": "as gluons", + "573796edc3c5551400e51f35": "nuclear force", + "573796edc3c5551400e51f36": "gluons, which form part of the virtual pi and rho mesons", "573796edc3c5551400e51f37": "color confinement", - "57379829c3c5551400e51f3d": "beta decay (of neutrons in atomic nuclei) and the associated radioactivity", - "57379829c3c5551400e51f3e": "beta decay", + "57379829c3c5551400e51f3d": "The weak force", + "57379829c3c5551400e51f3e": "The weak force", "57379829c3c5551400e51f3f": "neutrons in atomic nuclei) and the associated radioactivity", "57379829c3c5551400e51f40": "1013", - "57379829c3c5551400e51f41": "1015 kelvins", - "57379a4b1c456719005744cd": "atoms", + "57379829c3c5551400e51f41": "1015", + "57379a4b1c456719005744cd": "normal force", "57379a4b1c456719005744ce": "Pauli repulsion", "57379a4b1c456719005744cf": "fermionic nature of electrons", - "57379a4b1c456719005744d0": "atoms", + "57379a4b1c456719005744d0": "normal force", "57379ed81c456719005744d5": "ideal strings", - "57379ed81c456719005744d6": "pulleys", - "57379ed81c456719005744d7": "physical direction", - "57379ed81c456719005744d8": "increase in the length of string that must be displaced in order to move the load. These tandem effects result ultimately in the conservation of mechanical energy", - "57379ed81c456719005744d9": "movable pulleys", - "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f47": "an object", - "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f48": "atoms", + "57379ed81c456719005744d6": "ideal pulleys", + "57379ed81c456719005744d7": "instantaneously in action-reaction pairs", + "57379ed81c456719005744d8": "conservation of mechanical energy", + "57379ed81c456719005744d9": "length of string", + "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f47": "idealized point particles rather than three-dimensional objects", + "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f48": "how forces affect idealized point particles rather than three-dimensional objects", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f49": "extended fluids", - "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4a": "act on one part of an object might affect other parts of an object", - "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4b": "three-dimensional objects", - "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f51": "tensile stresses and compressions", - "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f52": "matrix diagonals of the tensor", - "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f53": "act normal to the cross-sectional area", + "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4a": "matter has extended structure", + "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4b": "extended structure", + "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f51": "stress tensor", + "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f52": "stress-tensor", + "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f53": "shear terms", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f54": "formalism", - "5737a4511c456719005744df": "rotation equivalent of force in the same way that angle is the rotational equivalent for position, angular velocity for velocity", - "5737a4511c456719005744e0": "angular momentum unless acted upon by an unbalanced torque", - "5737a4511c456719005744e1": "an analogous equation for the instantaneous angular acceleration of the rigid body", - "5737a5931c456719005744e7": "toward the center of the curving path", - "5737a5931c456719005744e8": "perpendicular", - "5737a5931c456719005744e9": "tangential force", - "5737a5931c456719005744ea": "radial (centripetal) force", - "5737a5931c456719005744eb": "changes its direction", - "5737a7351c456719005744f1": "kinetic or potential forms", - "5737a7351c456719005744f2": "the net mechanical energy is conserved whenever a conservative force acts on the system", + "5737a4511c456719005744df": "Torque is the rotation", + "5737a4511c456719005744e0": "acted upon by an unbalanced torque", + "5737a4511c456719005744e1": "Second Law of Motion", + "5737a5931c456719005744e7": "the center of the curving path", + "5737a5931c456719005744e8": "radial", + "5737a5931c456719005744e9": "radial (centripetal) force", + "5737a5931c456719005744ea": "radial", + "5737a5931c456719005744eb": "the tangential force", + "5737a7351c456719005744f1": "space", + "5737a7351c456719005744f2": "closed", "5737a7351c456719005744f3": "the net mechanical energy", - "5737a7351c456719005744f4": "difference in potential energy", - "5737a7351c456719005744f5": "the net mechanical energy is conserved whenever a conservative force acts on the system. The force", - "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f59": "gradient of potentials", - "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5a": "gradient of potentials", - "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5b": "friction is caused by the gradients of numerous electrostatic potentials between the atoms", - "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5c": "contact forces, tension, compression, and drag", + "5737a7351c456719005744f4": "the difference in potential energy", + "5737a7351c456719005744f5": "force", + "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f59": "being due to gradient of potentials", + "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5a": "due to gradient of potentials", + "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5b": "microscopic potentials", + "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5c": "Nonconservative", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f61": "statistical mechanics", - "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f62": "nonconservative forces act to change the internal energies of the system, and are often associated with the transfer of heat", - "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f63": "the transfer of heat", - "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f64": "Second law of thermodynamics", - "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f65": "nonconservative forces act to change the internal energies of the system, and are often associated with the transfer of heat", + "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f62": "nonconservative forces", + "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f63": "the transfer", + "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f64": "the Second", + "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f65": "nonconservative forces act to change the internal energies", "5737aafd1c456719005744fb": "kilogram-force", - "5737aafd1c456719005744fc": "metric slug", - "5737aafd1c456719005744fd": "the metric slug", - "5737aafd1c456719005744fe": "the metric slug", - "5737aafd1c456719005744ff": "standard gravity on one kilogram of mass. The kilogram-force leads to an alternate, but rarely used unit of mass: the metric slug" + "5737aafd1c456719005744fc": "kgf", + "5737aafd1c456719005744fd": "metric slug", + "5737aafd1c456719005744fe": "sth\u00e8ne", + "5737aafd1c456719005744ff": "metric slug" }