---
base_model: BAAI/bge-large-en
datasets:
- sentence-transformers/all-nli
language:
- en
library_name: sentence-transformers
metrics:
- cosine_accuracy
- dot_accuracy
- manhattan_accuracy
- euclidean_accuracy
- max_accuracy
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
tags:
- sentence-transformers
- sentence-similarity
- feature-extraction
- generated_from_trainer
- dataset_size:557850
- loss:MultipleNegativesRankingLoss
widget:
- source_sentence: A construction worker is standing on a crane placing a large arm
on top of a stature in progress.
sentences:
- A man is playing with his camera.
- A person standing
- Nobody is standing
- source_sentence: A boy in red slides down an inflatable ride.
sentences:
- a baby smiling
- A boy is playing on an inflatable ride.
- A boy pierces a knife through an inflatable ride.
- source_sentence: A man in a black shirt is playing a guitar.
sentences:
- A group of women are selling their wares
- The man is wearing black.
- The man is wearing a blue shirt.
- source_sentence: A man with a large power drill standing next to his daughter with
a vacuum cleaner hose.
sentences:
- A man holding a drill stands next to a girl holding a vacuum hose.
- Kids ride an amusement ride.
- The man and girl are painting the walls.
- source_sentence: A middle-aged man works under the engine of a train on rail tracks.
sentences:
- A guy is working on a train.
- Two young asian men are squatting.
- A guy is driving to work.
model-index:
- name: SentenceTransformer based on BAAI/bge-large-en
results:
- task:
type: triplet
name: Triplet
dataset:
name: all nli test
type: all-nli-test
metrics:
- type: cosine_accuracy
value: 0.8853079134513542
name: Cosine Accuracy
- type: dot_accuracy
value: 0.11469208654864578
name: Dot Accuracy
- type: manhattan_accuracy
value: 0.885761839915267
name: Manhattan Accuracy
- type: euclidean_accuracy
value: 0.8853079134513542
name: Euclidean Accuracy
- type: max_accuracy
value: 0.885761839915267
name: Max Accuracy
---
# SentenceTransformer based on BAAI/bge-large-en
This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model finetuned from [BAAI/bge-large-en](https://huggingface.co./BAAI/bge-large-en) on the [all-nli](https://huggingface.co./datasets/sentence-transformers/all-nli) dataset. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 1024-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.
## Model Details
### Model Description
- **Model Type:** Sentence Transformer
- **Base model:** [BAAI/bge-large-en](https://huggingface.co./BAAI/bge-large-en)
- **Maximum Sequence Length:** 512 tokens
- **Output Dimensionality:** 1024 tokens
- **Similarity Function:** Cosine Similarity
- **Training Dataset:**
- [all-nli](https://huggingface.co./datasets/sentence-transformers/all-nli)
- **Language:** en
### Model Sources
- **Documentation:** [Sentence Transformers Documentation](https://sbert.net)
- **Repository:** [Sentence Transformers on GitHub](https://github.com/UKPLab/sentence-transformers)
- **Hugging Face:** [Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co./models?library=sentence-transformers)
### Full Model Architecture
```
SentenceTransformer(
(0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': True}) with Transformer model: BertModel
(1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 1024, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': True, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
(2): Normalize()
)
```
## Usage
### Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)
First install the Sentence Transformers library:
```bash
pip install -U sentence-transformers
```
Then you can load this model and run inference.
```python
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("gavinqiangli/mpnet-base-all-nli-triplet")
# Run inference
sentences = [
'A middle-aged man works under the engine of a train on rail tracks.',
'A guy is working on a train.',
'A guy is driving to work.',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 1024]
# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]
```
## Evaluation
### Metrics
#### Triplet
* Dataset: `all-nli-test`
* Evaluated with [TripletEvaluator](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.evaluation.TripletEvaluator)
| Metric | Value |
|:-------------------|:-----------|
| cosine_accuracy | 0.8853 |
| dot_accuracy | 0.1147 |
| manhattan_accuracy | 0.8858 |
| euclidean_accuracy | 0.8853 |
| **max_accuracy** | **0.8858** |
## Training Details
### Training Dataset
#### all-nli
* Dataset: [all-nli](https://huggingface.co./datasets/sentence-transformers/all-nli) at [d482672](https://huggingface.co./datasets/sentence-transformers/all-nli/tree/d482672c8e74ce18da116f430137434ba2e52fab)
* Size: 557,850 training samples
* Columns: anchor, positive, and negative
* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
| | anchor | positive | negative |
|:--------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| type | string | string | string |
| details | - min: 7 tokens
- mean: 10.46 tokens
- max: 46 tokens
| - min: 6 tokens
- mean: 12.81 tokens
- max: 40 tokens
| - min: 5 tokens
- mean: 13.4 tokens
- max: 50 tokens
|
* Samples:
| anchor | positive | negative |
|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-------------------------------------------------|:-----------------------------------------------------------|
| A person on a horse jumps over a broken down airplane. | A person is outdoors, on a horse. | A person is at a diner, ordering an omelette. |
| Children smiling and waving at camera | There are children present | The kids are frowning |
| A boy is jumping on skateboard in the middle of a red bridge. | The boy does a skateboarding trick. | The boy skates down the sidewalk. |
* Loss: [MultipleNegativesRankingLoss](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#multiplenegativesrankingloss) with these parameters:
```json
{
"scale": 20.0,
"similarity_fct": "cos_sim"
}
```
### Evaluation Dataset
#### all-nli
* Dataset: [all-nli](https://huggingface.co./datasets/sentence-transformers/all-nli) at [d482672](https://huggingface.co./datasets/sentence-transformers/all-nli/tree/d482672c8e74ce18da116f430137434ba2e52fab)
* Size: 6,584 evaluation samples
* Columns: anchor, positive, and negative
* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
| | anchor | positive | negative |
|:--------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| type | string | string | string |
| details | - min: 6 tokens
- mean: 17.95 tokens
- max: 63 tokens
| - min: 4 tokens
- mean: 9.78 tokens
- max: 29 tokens
| - min: 5 tokens
- mean: 10.35 tokens
- max: 29 tokens
|
* Samples:
| anchor | positive | negative |
|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:------------------------------------------------------------|:--------------------------------------------------------|
| Two women are embracing while holding to go packages. | Two woman are holding packages. | The men are fighting outside a deli. |
| Two young children in blue jerseys, one with the number 9 and one with the number 2 are standing on wooden steps in a bathroom and washing their hands in a sink. | Two kids in numbered jerseys wash their hands. | Two kids in jackets walk to school. |
| A man selling donuts to a customer during a world exhibition event held in the city of Angeles | A man selling donuts to a customer. | A woman drinks her coffee in a small cafe. |
* Loss: [MultipleNegativesRankingLoss](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#multiplenegativesrankingloss) with these parameters:
```json
{
"scale": 20.0,
"similarity_fct": "cos_sim"
}
```
### Training Hyperparameters
#### Non-Default Hyperparameters
- `eval_strategy`: steps
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 16
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 16
- `num_train_epochs`: 1
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.1
- `fp16`: True
- `batch_sampler`: no_duplicates
#### All Hyperparameters
Click to expand
- `overwrite_output_dir`: False
- `do_predict`: False
- `eval_strategy`: steps
- `prediction_loss_only`: True
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 16
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 16
- `per_gpu_train_batch_size`: None
- `per_gpu_eval_batch_size`: None
- `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 1
- `eval_accumulation_steps`: None
- `torch_empty_cache_steps`: None
- `learning_rate`: 5e-05
- `weight_decay`: 0.0
- `adam_beta1`: 0.9
- `adam_beta2`: 0.999
- `adam_epsilon`: 1e-08
- `max_grad_norm`: 1.0
- `num_train_epochs`: 1
- `max_steps`: -1
- `lr_scheduler_type`: linear
- `lr_scheduler_kwargs`: {}
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.1
- `warmup_steps`: 0
- `log_level`: passive
- `log_level_replica`: warning
- `log_on_each_node`: True
- `logging_nan_inf_filter`: True
- `save_safetensors`: True
- `save_on_each_node`: False
- `save_only_model`: False
- `restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint`: False
- `no_cuda`: False
- `use_cpu`: False
- `use_mps_device`: False
- `seed`: 42
- `data_seed`: None
- `jit_mode_eval`: False
- `use_ipex`: False
- `bf16`: False
- `fp16`: True
- `fp16_opt_level`: O1
- `half_precision_backend`: auto
- `bf16_full_eval`: False
- `fp16_full_eval`: False
- `tf32`: None
- `local_rank`: 0
- `ddp_backend`: None
- `tpu_num_cores`: None
- `tpu_metrics_debug`: False
- `debug`: []
- `dataloader_drop_last`: False
- `dataloader_num_workers`: 0
- `dataloader_prefetch_factor`: None
- `past_index`: -1
- `disable_tqdm`: False
- `remove_unused_columns`: True
- `label_names`: None
- `load_best_model_at_end`: False
- `ignore_data_skip`: False
- `fsdp`: []
- `fsdp_min_num_params`: 0
- `fsdp_config`: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
- `fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap`: None
- `accelerator_config`: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
- `deepspeed`: None
- `label_smoothing_factor`: 0.0
- `optim`: adamw_torch
- `optim_args`: None
- `adafactor`: False
- `group_by_length`: False
- `length_column_name`: length
- `ddp_find_unused_parameters`: None
- `ddp_bucket_cap_mb`: None
- `ddp_broadcast_buffers`: False
- `dataloader_pin_memory`: True
- `dataloader_persistent_workers`: False
- `skip_memory_metrics`: True
- `use_legacy_prediction_loop`: False
- `push_to_hub`: False
- `resume_from_checkpoint`: None
- `hub_model_id`: None
- `hub_strategy`: every_save
- `hub_private_repo`: False
- `hub_always_push`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing_kwargs`: None
- `include_inputs_for_metrics`: False
- `eval_do_concat_batches`: True
- `fp16_backend`: auto
- `push_to_hub_model_id`: None
- `push_to_hub_organization`: None
- `mp_parameters`:
- `auto_find_batch_size`: False
- `full_determinism`: False
- `torchdynamo`: None
- `ray_scope`: last
- `ddp_timeout`: 1800
- `torch_compile`: False
- `torch_compile_backend`: None
- `torch_compile_mode`: None
- `dispatch_batches`: None
- `split_batches`: None
- `include_tokens_per_second`: False
- `include_num_input_tokens_seen`: False
- `neftune_noise_alpha`: None
- `optim_target_modules`: None
- `batch_eval_metrics`: False
- `eval_on_start`: False
- `eval_use_gather_object`: False
- `batch_sampler`: no_duplicates
- `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: proportional