--- base_model: BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5 library_name: sentence-transformers pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity tags: - sentence-transformers - sentence-similarity - feature-extraction - generated_from_trainer - dataset_size:183 - loss:MultipleNegativesRankingLoss widget: - source_sentence: Introduction to Network Protocols sentences: - 'Introduction to Network Protocols A course that builds foundational knowledge of network protocols essentially covering emails and other internet protocols Course language: TBD Prerequisite course required: Introduction to Managing Servers Professionals who would like to get foundational knowledge of basic network protocols' - 'Course language: TBD' - 'Prerequisite course required: Introduction to Managing Servers' - A course that builds foundational knowledge of network protocols essentially covering emails and other internet protocols - Professionals who would like to get foundational knowledge of basic network protocols - source_sentence: Optimizing Ensemble Methods sentences: - 'Course language: Python' - 'Prerequisite course required: Ensemble Methods' - This course covers advanced topics in optimizing ensemble learning methods – specifically random forest and gradient boosting. Students will learn to implement base models and perform hyperparameter tuning to enhance the performance of models. - Professionals experience in ensemble methods and who want to enhance their skill set in advanced Python classification techniques. - 'Optimizing Ensemble Methods This course covers advanced topics in optimizing ensemble learning methods – specifically random forest and gradient boosting. Students will learn to implement base models and perform hyperparameter tuning to enhance the performance of models. Course language: Python Prerequisite course required: Ensemble Methods Professionals experience in ensemble methods and who want to enhance their skill set in advanced Python classification techniques.' - source_sentence: Autoencoders sentences: - Professionals some Python experience who would like to expand their skillset to more advanced machine learning algorithms for image processing and computer vision. - 'Prerequisite course required: Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for Image Recognition' - 'Course language: Python' - 'Autoencoders This course takes students through a journey into the world od autoencoders - a set of powerful deep learning models that have a special place in the world of image analysis. By the end of this course students will be able to navigate through the application space of autoencoders and implement autoencoders to perform tasks such as image denoising and more. Course language: Python Prerequisite course required: Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for Image Recognition Professionals some Python experience who would like to expand their skillset to more advanced machine learning algorithms for image processing and computer vision.' - This course takes students through a journey into the world od autoencoders - a set of powerful deep learning models that have a special place in the world of image analysis. By the end of this course students will be able to navigate through the application space of autoencoders and implement autoencoders to perform tasks such as image denoising and more. - source_sentence: Authentication Python sentences: - 'Prerequisite course required: Basic GraphQL: Python' - 'Authentication Python An introduction to Authentication concepts and how it can be implemented using Python. Course language: Python Prerequisite course required: Basic GraphQL: Python Professionals who would like to learn the core concepts of authentication using Python.' - An introduction to Authentication concepts and how it can be implemented using Python. - 'Course language: Python' - Professionals who would like to learn the core concepts of authentication using Python. - source_sentence: Clustering in NLP sentences: - 'Clustering in NLP This course covers the clustering concepts of natural language processing, equipping learners with the ability to cluster text data into groups and topics by finding similarities between different documents. Course language: Python Prerequisite course required: Topic Modeling in NLP This is an intermediate level course for data scientists who have some experience with NLP and want to learn to cluster textual data.' - 'Course language: Python' - 'Prerequisite course required: Topic Modeling in NLP' - This course covers the clustering concepts of natural language processing, equipping learners with the ability to cluster text data into groups and topics by finding similarities between different documents. - This is an intermediate level course for data scientists who have some experience with NLP and want to learn to cluster textual data. --- # SentenceTransformer based on BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5 This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model finetuned from [BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5](https://huggingface.co./BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5). It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more. ## Model Details ### Model Description - **Model Type:** Sentence Transformer - **Base model:** [BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5](https://huggingface.co./BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5) - **Maximum Sequence Length:** 512 tokens - **Output Dimensionality:** 768 tokens - **Similarity Function:** Cosine Similarity ### Model Sources - **Documentation:** [Sentence Transformers Documentation](https://sbert.net) - **Repository:** [Sentence Transformers on GitHub](https://github.com/UKPLab/sentence-transformers) - **Hugging Face:** [Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co./models?library=sentence-transformers) ### Full Model Architecture ``` SentenceTransformer( (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': True}) with Transformer model: BertModel (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': True, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True}) (2): Normalize() ) ``` ## Usage ### Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers) First install the Sentence Transformers library: ```bash pip install -U sentence-transformers ``` Then you can load this model and run inference. ```python from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer # Download from the 🤗 Hub model = SentenceTransformer("datasocietyco/bge-base-en-v1.5-course-recommender-v1") # Run inference sentences = [ 'Clustering in NLP', 'This course covers the clustering concepts of natural language processing, equipping learners with the ability to cluster text data into groups and topics by finding similarities between different documents.', 'Course language: Python', ] embeddings = model.encode(sentences) print(embeddings.shape) # [3, 768] # Get the similarity scores for the embeddings similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings) print(similarities.shape) # [3, 3] ``` ## Training Details ### Training Dataset #### Unnamed Dataset * Size: 183 training samples * Columns: name, description, languages, prerequisites, target_audience, and merged * Approximate statistics based on the first 183 samples: | | name | description | languages | prerequisites | target_audience | merged | |:--------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | type | string | string | string | string | string | string | | details | | | | | | | * Samples: | name | description | languages | prerequisites | target_audience | merged | |:----------------------------------------------------------|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-------------------------------------------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Foundations of Big Data | A theoretical course covering topics on how to handle data at scale and the different tools needed for distributed data storage, analysis, and management. Learners will be able to dive into the vast world of data and computing at scale and get a comprehensive overview of distributed computing. | Course language: TBD | Prerequisite course required: Optimizing Ensemble Methods | Professionals who would like to learn the core concepts of big data and understand data at scale | Foundations of Big Data A theoretical course covering topics on how to handle data at scale and the different tools needed for distributed data storage, analysis, and management. Learners will be able to dive into the vast world of data and computing at scale and get a comprehensive overview of distributed computing. Course language: TBD Prerequisite course required: Optimizing Ensemble Methods Professionals who would like to learn the core concepts of big data and understand data at scale | | Big Data Orchestration & Workflow Management | A theoretical course covering topics on how to handle data at scale and the different tools needed for orchestrating big data systems and manage the workflow. Learners will be able to dive into the vast world of data and computing at scale and get a comprehensive overview of the distributed resource management ecosystem. | Course language: TBD | Prerequisite course required: Foundations of Big Data | Professionals who would like to learn the core concepts of distributed system orchestration and workflow management tools. | Big Data Orchestration & Workflow Management A theoretical course covering topics on how to handle data at scale and the different tools needed for orchestrating big data systems and manage the workflow. Learners will be able to dive into the vast world of data and computing at scale and get a comprehensive overview of the distributed resource management ecosystem. Course language: TBD Prerequisite course required: Foundations of Big Data Professionals who would like to learn the core concepts of distributed system orchestration and workflow management tools. | | Distributed Data Storage (Hadoop) | A course that covers theory and implementation on a specific cloud platform covering topics on distributed data storage systems. Learners will be able to dive into the nature of storing and processing data at scale using tools like Hadoop on a selected cloud platform. This course will allow students to get a great foundation for creating and managing distributed data storage resources. | Course language: Java, Python | Prerequisite course required: Foundations of Big Data | Professionals who have coding knowledge and want to learn to create a scalable data storage solution using cloud services. | Distributed Data Storage (Hadoop) A course that covers theory and implementation on a specific cloud platform covering topics on distributed data storage systems. Learners will be able to dive into the nature of storing and processing data at scale using tools like Hadoop on a selected cloud platform. This course will allow students to get a great foundation for creating and managing distributed data storage resources. Course language: Java, Python Prerequisite course required: Foundations of Big Data Professionals who have coding knowledge and want to learn to create a scalable data storage solution using cloud services. | * Loss: [MultipleNegativesRankingLoss](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#multiplenegativesrankingloss) with these parameters: ```json { "scale": 20.0, "similarity_fct": "cos_sim" } ``` ### Evaluation Dataset #### Unnamed Dataset * Size: 50 evaluation samples * Columns: name, description, languages, prerequisites, target_audience, and merged * Approximate statistics based on the first 50 samples: | | name | description | languages | prerequisites | target_audience | merged | |:--------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | type | string | string | string | string | string | string | | details | | | | | | | * Samples: | name | description | languages | prerequisites | target_audience | merged | |:----------------------------------------------------------|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-------------------------------------|:-------------------------------------------------------------------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Word Embeddings in NLP | This course covers the intermediate concepts of natural language processing like creating word embeddings, feature engineering and word embeddings for finding text features for model development. | Course language: Python | Prerequisite course required: Topic Modeling in NLP | This is an intermediate level course for data scientists who have experience in NLP and want to learn to process and mine natural language and text data. | Word Embeddings in NLP This course covers the intermediate concepts of natural language processing like creating word embeddings, feature engineering and word embeddings for finding text features for model development. Course language: Python Prerequisite course required: Topic Modeling in NLP This is an intermediate level course for data scientists who have experience in NLP and want to learn to process and mine natural language and text data. | | Big Data Orchestration & Workflow Management | A theoretical course covering topics on how to handle data at scale and the different tools needed for orchestrating big data systems and manage the workflow. Learners will be able to dive into the vast world of data and computing at scale and get a comprehensive overview of the distributed resource management ecosystem. | Course language: TBD | Prerequisite course required: Foundations of Big Data | Professionals who would like to learn the core concepts of distributed system orchestration and workflow management tools. | Big Data Orchestration & Workflow Management A theoretical course covering topics on how to handle data at scale and the different tools needed for orchestrating big data systems and manage the workflow. Learners will be able to dive into the vast world of data and computing at scale and get a comprehensive overview of the distributed resource management ecosystem. Course language: TBD Prerequisite course required: Foundations of Big Data Professionals who would like to learn the core concepts of distributed system orchestration and workflow management tools. | | Accelerating Data Engineering Pipelines | Explore how to employ advanced data engineering tools and techniques with GPUs to significantly improve data engineering pipelines | Course language: Python | No prerequisite course required | Professionals who wants to learn the foundation of data science and lays the groundwork for analysis and modeling. | Accelerating Data Engineering Pipelines Explore how to employ advanced data engineering tools and techniques with GPUs to significantly improve data engineering pipelines Course language: Python No prerequisite course required Professionals who wants to learn the foundation of data science and lays the groundwork for analysis and modeling. | * Loss: [MultipleNegativesRankingLoss](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#multiplenegativesrankingloss) with these parameters: ```json { "scale": 20.0, "similarity_fct": "cos_sim" } ``` ### Training Hyperparameters #### Non-Default Hyperparameters - `eval_strategy`: steps - `per_device_train_batch_size`: 16 - `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 16 - `learning_rate`: 3e-06 - `max_steps`: 64 - `warmup_ratio`: 0.1 - `batch_sampler`: no_duplicates #### All Hyperparameters
Click to expand - `overwrite_output_dir`: False - `do_predict`: False - `eval_strategy`: steps - `prediction_loss_only`: True - `per_device_train_batch_size`: 16 - `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 16 - `per_gpu_train_batch_size`: None - `per_gpu_eval_batch_size`: None - `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 1 - `eval_accumulation_steps`: None - `torch_empty_cache_steps`: None - `learning_rate`: 3e-06 - `weight_decay`: 0.0 - `adam_beta1`: 0.9 - `adam_beta2`: 0.999 - `adam_epsilon`: 1e-08 - `max_grad_norm`: 1.0 - `num_train_epochs`: 3.0 - `max_steps`: 64 - `lr_scheduler_type`: linear - `lr_scheduler_kwargs`: {} - `warmup_ratio`: 0.1 - `warmup_steps`: 0 - `log_level`: passive - `log_level_replica`: warning - `log_on_each_node`: True - `logging_nan_inf_filter`: True - `save_safetensors`: True - `save_on_each_node`: False - `save_only_model`: False - `restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint`: False - `no_cuda`: False - `use_cpu`: False - `use_mps_device`: False - `seed`: 42 - `data_seed`: None - `jit_mode_eval`: False - `use_ipex`: False - `bf16`: False - `fp16`: False - `fp16_opt_level`: O1 - `half_precision_backend`: auto - `bf16_full_eval`: False - `fp16_full_eval`: False - `tf32`: None - `local_rank`: 0 - `ddp_backend`: None - `tpu_num_cores`: None - `tpu_metrics_debug`: False - `debug`: [] - `dataloader_drop_last`: False - `dataloader_num_workers`: 0 - `dataloader_prefetch_factor`: None - `past_index`: -1 - `disable_tqdm`: False - `remove_unused_columns`: True - `label_names`: None - `load_best_model_at_end`: False - `ignore_data_skip`: False - `fsdp`: [] - `fsdp_min_num_params`: 0 - `fsdp_config`: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False} - `fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap`: None - `accelerator_config`: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None} - `deepspeed`: None - `label_smoothing_factor`: 0.0 - `optim`: adamw_torch - `optim_args`: None - `adafactor`: False - `group_by_length`: False - `length_column_name`: length - `ddp_find_unused_parameters`: None - `ddp_bucket_cap_mb`: None - `ddp_broadcast_buffers`: False - `dataloader_pin_memory`: True - `dataloader_persistent_workers`: False - `skip_memory_metrics`: True - `use_legacy_prediction_loop`: False - `push_to_hub`: False - `resume_from_checkpoint`: None - `hub_model_id`: None - `hub_strategy`: every_save - `hub_private_repo`: False - `hub_always_push`: False - `gradient_checkpointing`: False - `gradient_checkpointing_kwargs`: None - `include_inputs_for_metrics`: False - `eval_do_concat_batches`: True - `fp16_backend`: auto - `push_to_hub_model_id`: None - `push_to_hub_organization`: None - `mp_parameters`: - `auto_find_batch_size`: False - `full_determinism`: False - `torchdynamo`: None - `ray_scope`: last - `ddp_timeout`: 1800 - `torch_compile`: False - `torch_compile_backend`: None - `torch_compile_mode`: None - `dispatch_batches`: None - `split_batches`: None - `include_tokens_per_second`: False - `include_num_input_tokens_seen`: False - `neftune_noise_alpha`: None - `optim_target_modules`: None - `batch_eval_metrics`: False - `eval_on_start`: False - `use_liger_kernel`: False - `eval_use_gather_object`: False - `batch_sampler`: no_duplicates - `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: proportional
### Training Logs | Epoch | Step | Training Loss | loss | |:------:|:----:|:-------------:|:------:| | 1.6667 | 20 | 1.4345 | 1.0243 | | 3.3333 | 40 | 0.9835 | 0.7613 | | 5.0 | 60 | 0.7294 | 0.6593 | ### Framework Versions - Python: 3.9.13 - Sentence Transformers: 3.1.1 - Transformers: 4.45.1 - PyTorch: 2.2.2 - Accelerate: 0.34.2 - Datasets: 3.0.0 - Tokenizers: 0.20.0 ## Citation ### BibTeX #### Sentence Transformers ```bibtex @inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert, title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks", author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing", month = "11", year = "2019", publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics", url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084", } ``` #### MultipleNegativesRankingLoss ```bibtex @misc{henderson2017efficient, title={Efficient Natural Language Response Suggestion for Smart Reply}, author={Matthew Henderson and Rami Al-Rfou and Brian Strope and Yun-hsuan Sung and Laszlo Lukacs and Ruiqi Guo and Sanjiv Kumar and Balint Miklos and Ray Kurzweil}, year={2017}, eprint={1705.00652}, archivePrefix={arXiv}, primaryClass={cs.CL} } ```