text: 第五节新生儿肾积水【病因和发病机制】胎儿泌尿生殖系畸形的超声检出率约为每1000个新生儿中2～9例，其中最常见的是肾积水，占50%～87%，引起肾积水的最常见原因是肾盂输尿管连接部的梗阻（UPJO），其他原因包括膀胱输尿管反流（VUR）、巨输尿管、后尿道瓣膜以及输尿管异位开口、输尿管囊肿等。
entities.entity: 新生儿肾积水
entities.label: dis
entities.entity: 胎儿泌尿生殖系畸形
entities.label: dis
entities.entity: 超声
entities.label: pro
entities.entity: 肾积水
entities.label: dis
entities.entity: 肾积水
entities.label: dis
entities.entity: 肾盂输尿管连接部的梗阻
entities.label: dis
entities.entity: UPJO
entities.label: dis
entities.entity: 膀胱输尿管反流
entities.label: dis
entities.entity: VUR
entities.label: dis
entities.entity: 巨输尿管
entities.label: dis
entities.entity: 后尿道瓣膜
entities.label: dis
entities.entity: 输尿管异位开口
entities.label: dis
entities.entity: 输尿管囊肿
entities.label: dis