context: It is probably the case that Emily is a mouse. It is improbable that Sumit is hungry. We doubt that Julius is a frog. It is highly likely that if 'Julius is a frog' or 'Emily is a mouse' or both then Mary left the football. There is a very good chance that if 'Julius is a frog' or 'Sumit is hungry' or both then Bernhard is yellow. It is certain that if either 'Emily is a mouse' or 'Sumit is hungry' but not both then Sandra grabbed the milk.
hypothesis: It is likely that 'Sandra grabbed the milk and Bernhard is yellow'.
valid_hypothesis: It is improbable that 'Sandra grabbed the milk and Bernhard is yellow'.
invalid_hypothesis: It is likely that 'Sandra grabbed the milk and Bernhard is yellow'.
problog: 
    and(A,B) :- A,B.
    or(A,B) :- A;B.
    nand(A,B) :- not(and(A,B)).
    nor(A,B) :- not(or(A,B)).
    xor(A,B) :- or(A,B), nand(A,B).
  
    %hop0
    0.7::factA.
    0.1::factB.
    0.2::factC.
    %hop1
    0.9::factX:-or(factC,factA).
    0.8::factY:-or(factC,factB).
    1.0::factZ:-xor(factA,factB).
  
    %hop2
    conclusion:-and(factZ,factY).
  
    query(conclusion).
    
hypothesis_assertion: 'Sandra grabbed the milk and Bernhard is yellow'.