context: There is little chance that Emily is a mouse. It is highly unlikely that Lily is a lion. We doubt that Daniel dropped the milk. It is certain that if either 'Emily is a mouse' or 'Lily is a lion' but not both then Mary went to the office. It is likely that if either 'Emily is a mouse' or 'Daniel dropped the milk' but not both then Brian is white. It is likely that if 'Lily is a lion' or 'Daniel dropped the milk' or both then John got the apple.
hypothesis: There is a very good chance that 'Emily is a mouse' or 'Mary went to the office' or both.
valid_hypothesis: Chances are slight that 'Emily is a mouse' or 'Mary went to the office' or both.
invalid_hypothesis: There is a very good chance that 'Emily is a mouse' or 'Mary went to the office' or both.
problog: 
    and(A,B) :- A,B.
    or(A,B) :- A;B.
    nand(A,B) :- not(and(A,B)).
    nor(A,B) :- not(or(A,B)).
    xor(A,B) :- or(A,B), nand(A,B).
  
    %hop0
    0.1::factA.
    0.05::factB.
    0.2::factC.
    %hop1
    1.0::factX:-xor(factA,factB).
    0.7::factY:-xor(factA,factC).
    0.7::factZ:-or(factB,factC).
  
    %hop2
    conclusion:-or(factA,factX).
  
    query(conclusion).
    
hypothesis_assertion: 'Emily is a mouse' or 'Mary went to the office' or both.