context: It is probably not the case that John left the milk. It is likely that Lily is a frog. We doubt that Greg is gray. It is highly unlikely that if Greg is gray, and Lily is a frog, then Mary dropped the apple. There is a better than even chance that if either John left the milk, or Lily is a frog, then Bernhard is white. There is little chance that if either Greg is gray, or Lily is a frog, then Brian is a lion.
hypothesis: We believe that mary dropped the apple, or Bernhard is white.
valid_hypothesis: It is probably not the case that mary dropped the apple, or Bernhard is white.
invalid_hypothesis: We believe that mary dropped the apple, or Bernhard is white.
hypothesis_assertion: Mary dropped the apple, or Bernhard is white.