context: There is a better than even chance that Winona is a cat. It is certain that Bernhard is yellow. Chances are about even that John took the apple. It is highly likely that if either John took the apple, or Bernhard is yellow, then Brian is a rhino. There is little chance that if John took the apple, and Winona is a cat, then Lily is a frog. There is almost no chance that if Bernhard is yellow, or John took the apple, then Bill went to the office.
hypothesis: It is likely that winona is a cat, and John took the apple.
valid_hypothesis: It is probably not the case that winona is a cat, and John took the apple.
invalid_hypothesis: It is likely that winona is a cat, and John took the apple.
hypothesis_assertion: Winona is a cat, and John took the apple.