context: It is likely that Jessica is a wolf. It is certain that John left the football. Chances are about even that Gertrude is a sheep. There is little chance that if Gertrude is a sheep, or John left the football, then Lily is gray. We doubt that if John left the football, and Jessica is a wolf, then Brian is a frog. We doubt that if John left the football, or Jessica is a wolf, then Sandra took the apple.
hypothesis: We believe that sandra took the apple, or Lily is gray.
valid_hypothesis: It is probably not the case that sandra took the apple, or Lily is gray.
invalid_hypothesis: We believe that sandra took the apple, or Lily is gray.
hypothesis_assertion: Sandra took the apple, or Lily is gray.