context: It is unlikely that Greg is yellow. It is probable that Julius is white. We believe that Bernhard is a swan. It is unlikely that if Greg is yellow, and Julius is white, then Lily is white. Chances are about even that if Bernhard is a swan, and Julius is white, then John took the apple. It is unlikely that if either Julius is white, or Bernhard is a swan, then Mary got the milk.
hypothesis: It is highly unlikely that greg is yellow, or Bernhard is a swan.
valid_hypothesis: There is a very good chance that greg is yellow, or Bernhard is a swan.
invalid_hypothesis: It is highly unlikely that greg is yellow, or Bernhard is a swan.
hypothesis_assertion: Greg is yellow, or Bernhard is a swan.