context: It is likely that Mary picked up the apple. It is highly likely that Bernhard is a lion. There is a very good chance that Greg is a rhino. Chances are about even that if Mary picked up the apple, and Greg is a rhino, then Daniel took the football. It is impossible that if Bernhard is a lion, and Greg is a rhino, then Julius is a swan. It is likely that if Bernhard is a lion, and Greg is a rhino, then John dropped the milk.
hypothesis: It is almost certain that either Bernhard is a lion, or John dropped the milk.
valid_hypothesis: Chances are about even that either Bernhard is a lion, or John dropped the milk.
invalid_hypothesis: It is almost certain that either Bernhard is a lion, or John dropped the milk.
hypothesis_assertion: Either Bernhard is a lion, or John dropped the milk.