context: It is probably the case that Lily is a swan. It is probable that Bernhard is white. It is probable that Sandra grabbed the milk. There is almost no chance that if either Lily is a swan, or Bernhard is white, then John dropped the apple. It is highly unlikely that if Lily is a swan, or Sandra grabbed the milk, then Julius is white. There is almost no chance that if either Lily is a swan, or Sandra grabbed the milk, then Mary went to the kitchen.
hypothesis: It is impossible that bernhard is white, and John dropped the apple.
valid_hypothesis: It is impossible that bernhard is white, and John dropped the apple.
invalid_hypothesis: There is a very good chance that bernhard is white, and John dropped the apple.
hypothesis_assertion: Bernhard is white, and John dropped the apple.