context: It is probable that Mary picked up the apple. It is probably the case that Sandra took the milk. Chances are slight that Jason is bored. It is highly unlikely that if Mary picked up the apple, or Sandra took the milk, then Bernhard is white. It is improbable that if Mary picked up the apple, or Sandra took the milk, then Lily is green. There is a very good chance that if Sandra took the milk, and Mary picked up the apple, then Fred is in the kitchen.
hypothesis: It is likely that lily is green, and Fred is in the kitchen.
valid_hypothesis: It is highly unlikely that lily is green, and Fred is in the kitchen.
invalid_hypothesis: It is likely that lily is green, and Fred is in the kitchen.
hypothesis_assertion: Lily is green, and Fred is in the kitchen.