context: We believe that Brian is yellow. It is improbable that Greg is a frog. There is a very good chance that Bernhard is a swan. It is unlikely that if Greg is a frog, or Brian is yellow, then Julius is yellow. There is a better than even chance that if Bernhard is a swan, or Brian is yellow, then Bill went to the office. Chances are about even that if Brian is yellow, or Bernhard is a swan, then Mary got the milk.
hypothesis: It is improbable that mary got the milk, or Julius is yellow.
valid_hypothesis: There is a better than even chance that mary got the milk, or Julius is yellow.
invalid_hypothesis: It is improbable that mary got the milk, or Julius is yellow.
hypothesis_assertion: Mary got the milk, or Julius is yellow.