context: It is certain that John went to the hallway. It is probably the case that Julius is white. We believe that Mary got the apple. There is little chance that if Mary got the apple, and Julius is white, then Brian is green. It is highly likely that if John went to the hallway, and Mary got the apple, then Sandra grabbed the milk. It is improbable that if John went to the hallway, and Mary got the apple, then Bernhard is gray.
hypothesis: It is probably not the case that john went to the hallway, or Bernhard is gray.
valid_hypothesis: It is certain that john went to the hallway, or Bernhard is gray.
invalid_hypothesis: It is probably not the case that john went to the hallway, or Bernhard is gray.
hypothesis_assertion: John went to the hallway, or Bernhard is gray.