context: Chances are slight that Greg is a swan. It is almost certain that Lily is a lion. It is probably not the case that Julius is a frog. We believe that if Lily is a lion, and Julius is a frog, then Bernhard is gray. There is almost no chance that if Greg is a swan, or Julius is a frog, then Daniel got the football. We doubt that if either Greg is a swan, or Julius is a frog, then Sandra took the milk.
hypothesis: It is probably the case that greg is a swan, and Bernhard is gray.
valid_hypothesis: There is almost no chance that greg is a swan, and Bernhard is gray.
invalid_hypothesis: It is probably the case that greg is a swan, and Bernhard is gray.
hypothesis_assertion: Greg is a swan, and Bernhard is gray.