context: We doubt that Lily is gray. There is a very good chance that Julius is white. It is highly unlikely that Greg is yellow. It is almost certain that if Greg is yellow, or Lily is gray, then John went to the kitchen. We believe that if Greg is yellow, and Lily is gray, then Bernhard is a frog. There is little chance that if Greg is yellow, or Lily is gray, then Mary took the apple.
hypothesis: Chances are about even that mary took the apple, or Greg is yellow.
valid_hypothesis: It is highly unlikely that mary took the apple, or Greg is yellow.
invalid_hypothesis: Chances are about even that mary took the apple, or Greg is yellow.
hypothesis_assertion: Mary took the apple, or Greg is yellow.