context: It is highly unlikely that Lily is white. There is little chance that Winona is a sheep. It is probable that Mary picked up the apple. There is a very good chance that if Mary picked up the apple, or Lily is white, then Brian is a rhino. It is likely that if either Winona is a sheep, or Lily is white, then Greg is a swan. Chances are about even that if Lily is white, and Winona is a sheep, then Bernhard is a lion.
hypothesis: It is impossible that bernhard is a lion, and Mary picked up the apple.
valid_hypothesis: It is impossible that bernhard is a lion, and Mary picked up the apple.
invalid_hypothesis: It is almost certain that bernhard is a lion, and Mary picked up the apple.
hypothesis_assertion: Bernhard is a lion, and Mary picked up the apple.