context: It is certain that Brian is a rhino. We doubt that Mary left the football. It is likely that Emily is a mouse. It is likely that if either Mary left the football, or Emily is a mouse, then Bernhard is a frog. Chances are about even that if Mary left the football, and Emily is a mouse, then Winona is a cat. It is probably the case that if Mary left the football, and Brian is a rhino, then Greg is a swan.
hypothesis: It is highly unlikely that emily is a mouse, and Bernhard is a frog.
valid_hypothesis: Chances are about even that emily is a mouse, and Bernhard is a frog.
invalid_hypothesis: It is highly unlikely that emily is a mouse, and Bernhard is a frog.
hypothesis_assertion: Emily is a mouse, and Bernhard is a frog.