context: We doubt that Bill went to the office. It is probably not the case that Julius is gray. Chances are about even that Bernhard is a frog. We believe that if Bernhard is a frog, or Bill went to the office, then Greg is a swan. We doubt that if either Julius is gray, or Bernhard is a frog, then Mary got the milk. Chances are about even that if Bernhard is a frog, and Julius is gray, then Brian is green.
hypothesis: It is highly unlikely that bill went to the office, and Julius is gray.
valid_hypothesis: It is highly unlikely that bill went to the office, and Julius is gray.
invalid_hypothesis: It is almost certain that bill went to the office, and Julius is gray.
hypothesis_assertion: Bill went to the office, and Julius is gray.