context: We believe that Sandra took the apple. It is almost certain that Brian is gray. It is probably the case that Lily is a swan. There is a very good chance that if Sandra took the apple, and Lily is a swan, then Mary got the milk. It is improbable that if Brian is gray, or Sandra took the apple, then Bernhard is a lion. It is unlikely that if Sandra took the apple, or Lily is a swan, then Greg is a lion.
hypothesis: There is little chance that bernhard is a lion, and Brian is gray.
valid_hypothesis: There is little chance that bernhard is a lion, and Brian is gray.
invalid_hypothesis: There is a very good chance that bernhard is a lion, and Brian is gray.
hypothesis_assertion: Bernhard is a lion, and Brian is gray.