context: It is highly unlikely that Emily is a sheep. Chances are slight that Jeff went to the office. It is probably not the case that Bernhard is a swan. Chances are slight that if either Bernhard is a swan, or Jeff went to the office, then Sandra got the apple. There is a very good chance that if Emily is a sheep, and Bernhard is a swan, then Julius is yellow. There is almost no chance that if either Jeff went to the office, or Emily is a sheep, then John grabbed the milk.
hypothesis: It is highly unlikely that either Sandra got the apple, or Julius is yellow.
valid_hypothesis: It is highly unlikely that either Sandra got the apple, or Julius is yellow.
invalid_hypothesis: It is certain that either Sandra got the apple, or Julius is yellow.
hypothesis_assertion: Either Sandra got the apple, or Julius is yellow.