context: It is probably not the case that Bernhard is a frog. It is probably the case that Fred went to the hallway. It is highly unlikely that Greg is a lion. There is little chance that if either Greg is a lion, or Bernhard is a frog, then John took the football. Chances are slight that if either Fred went to the hallway, or Greg is a lion, then Bill moved to the office. It is likely that if Fred went to the hallway, or Bernhard is a frog, then Mary left the apple.
hypothesis: We doubt that bernhard is a frog, and Mary left the apple.
valid_hypothesis: We doubt that bernhard is a frog, and Mary left the apple.
invalid_hypothesis: It is certain that bernhard is a frog, and Mary left the apple.
hypothesis_assertion: Bernhard is a frog, and Mary left the apple.