context: There is a better than even chance that Brian is green. We doubt that Lily is a lion. It is highly likely that Julius is a frog. It is almost certain that if Lily is a lion, or Brian is green, then Jeff went to the office. It is probable that if Brian is green, or Julius is a frog, then John left the apple. Chances are slight that if either Lily is a lion, or Julius is a frog, then Bernhard is gray.
hypothesis: It is highly unlikely that julius is a frog, and Bernhard is gray.
valid_hypothesis: It is highly unlikely that julius is a frog, and Bernhard is gray.
invalid_hypothesis: Chances are about even that julius is a frog, and Bernhard is gray.
hypothesis_assertion: Julius is a frog, and Bernhard is gray.