context: There is little chance that Bernhard is a frog. There is a better than even chance that Greg is yellow. Chances are about even that Mary discarded the apple. We believe that if either Mary discarded the apple, or Bernhard is a frog, then Lily is a lion. We doubt that if Mary discarded the apple, and Bernhard is a frog, then Brian is a swan. Chances are slight that if Mary discarded the apple, and Greg is yellow, then John grabbed the milk.
hypothesis: We believe that john grabbed the milk, and Mary discarded the apple.
valid_hypothesis: There is almost no chance that john grabbed the milk, and Mary discarded the apple.
invalid_hypothesis: We believe that john grabbed the milk, and Mary discarded the apple.
hypothesis_assertion: John grabbed the milk, and Mary discarded the apple.