context: It is improbable that Sandra left the apple. It is improbable that John went to the hallway. We doubt that Bernhard is a swan. Chances are about even that if John went to the hallway, and Bernhard is a swan, then Julius is a lion. It is certain that if either Sandra left the apple, or Bernhard is a swan, then Greg is green. It is impossible that if John went to the hallway, and Sandra left the apple, then Brian is gray.
hypothesis: It is unlikely that bernhard is a swan, or Brian is gray.
valid_hypothesis: It is unlikely that bernhard is a swan, or Brian is gray.
invalid_hypothesis: It is probable that bernhard is a swan, or Brian is gray.
hypothesis_assertion: Bernhard is a swan, or Brian is gray.