context: It is unlikely that Gertrude is a wolf. It is highly unlikely that Bernhard is a frog. It is likely that John went to the garden. It is unlikely that if John went to the garden, and Bernhard is a frog, then Greg is a swan. Chances are about even that if Bernhard is a frog, and John went to the garden, then Brian is gray. It is impossible that if either John went to the garden, or Gertrude is a wolf, then Bill dropped the milk.
hypothesis: There is almost no chance that either Brian is gray, or Bill dropped the milk.
valid_hypothesis: There is almost no chance that either Brian is gray, or Bill dropped the milk.
invalid_hypothesis: It is almost certain that either Brian is gray, or Bill dropped the milk.
hypothesis_assertion: Either Brian is gray, or Bill dropped the milk.