context: It is highly unlikely that Mary left the apple. Chances are slight that Lily is yellow. We doubt that Sandra grabbed the milk. There is a very good chance that if Lily is yellow, and Sandra grabbed the milk, then Greg is a frog. There is almost no chance that if either Mary left the apple, or Lily is yellow, then Julius is a lion. Chances are slight that if Mary left the apple, and Lily is yellow, then Brian is a swan.
hypothesis: It is certain that lily is yellow, and Greg is a frog.
valid_hypothesis: There is almost no chance that lily is yellow, and Greg is a frog.
invalid_hypothesis: It is certain that lily is yellow, and Greg is a frog.
hypothesis_assertion: Lily is yellow, and Greg is a frog.