context: We doubt that Brian is gray. It is probably the case that Sandra grabbed the apple. It is likely that Mary went to the bedroom. It is highly unlikely that if either Mary went to the bedroom, or Sandra grabbed the apple, then Bernhard is a swan. It is probably the case that if Sandra grabbed the apple, and Brian is gray, then Julius is a rhino. We believe that if Brian is gray, or Mary went to the bedroom, then Gertrude is a mouse.
hypothesis: There is almost no chance that sandra grabbed the apple, and Mary went to the bedroom.
valid_hypothesis: Chances are about even that sandra grabbed the apple, and Mary went to the bedroom.
invalid_hypothesis: There is almost no chance that sandra grabbed the apple, and Mary went to the bedroom.
hypothesis_assertion: Sandra grabbed the apple, and Mary went to the bedroom.