context: We doubt that John discarded the milk. It is probably the case that Julius is green. It is almost certain that Emily is a mouse. There is a very good chance that if Emily is a mouse, or John discarded the milk, then Lily is a lion. It is highly unlikely that if either Emily is a mouse, or John discarded the milk, then Brian is gray. There is little chance that if either Julius is green, or Emily is a mouse, then Bernhard is a frog.
hypothesis: It is highly unlikely that brian is gray, or Julius is green.
valid_hypothesis: It is likely that brian is gray, or Julius is green.
invalid_hypothesis: It is highly unlikely that brian is gray, or Julius is green.
hypothesis_assertion: Brian is gray, or Julius is green.