context: It is probable that Bernhard is green. There is little chance that Julius is a swan. We doubt that John went to the bedroom. It is certain that if Bernhard is green, or John went to the bedroom, then Mary dropped the apple. Chances are about even that if either John went to the bedroom, or Julius is a swan, then Sandra got the football. There is almost no chance that if John went to the bedroom, or Bernhard is green, then Brian is gray.
hypothesis: It is probable that brian is gray, or Julius is a swan.
valid_hypothesis: Chances are slight that brian is gray, or Julius is a swan.
invalid_hypothesis: It is probable that brian is gray, or Julius is a swan.
hypothesis_assertion: Brian is gray, or Julius is a swan.