context: It is certain that John discarded the apple. We doubt that Mary went to the kitchen. Chances are slight that Fred is in the school. It is unlikely that if John discarded the apple, and Mary went to the kitchen, then Sandra took the milk. It is certain that if John discarded the apple, and Fred is in the school, then Julius is a rhino. We believe that if John discarded the apple, or Mary went to the kitchen, then Bernhard is a lion.
hypothesis: There is a very good chance that sandra took the milk, and Bernhard is a lion.
valid_hypothesis: There is almost no chance that sandra took the milk, and Bernhard is a lion.
invalid_hypothesis: There is a very good chance that sandra took the milk, and Bernhard is a lion.
hypothesis_assertion: Sandra took the milk, and Bernhard is a lion.