context: It is probably the case that Gertrude is a cat. It is probable that Bill dropped the milk. Chances are slight that Bernhard is a lion. It is impossible that if either Bernhard is a lion, or Bill dropped the milk, then Brian is green. It is highly likely that if either Bill dropped the milk, or Bernhard is a lion, then Greg is a rhino. Chances are about even that if either Bill dropped the milk, or Gertrude is a cat, then John went to the garden.
hypothesis: There is a very good chance that john went to the garden, and Bill dropped the milk.
valid_hypothesis: There is little chance that john went to the garden, and Bill dropped the milk.
invalid_hypothesis: There is a very good chance that john went to the garden, and Bill dropped the milk.
hypothesis_assertion: John went to the garden, and Bill dropped the milk.