context: It is unlikely that Julius is green. Chances are about even that Bernhard is a lion. Chances are about even that Brian is a swan. We believe that if Julius is green, and Bernhard is a lion, then Mary went to the hallway. It is probably not the case that if Julius is green, or Brian is a swan, then Gertrude is a mouse. Chances are about even that if either Julius is green, or Bernhard is a lion, then Sandra took the apple.
hypothesis: It is improbable that gertrude is a mouse, or Bernhard is a lion.
valid_hypothesis: There is a better than even chance that gertrude is a mouse, or Bernhard is a lion.
invalid_hypothesis: It is improbable that gertrude is a mouse, or Bernhard is a lion.
hypothesis_assertion: Gertrude is a mouse, or Bernhard is a lion.