context: It is almost certain that Bernhard is a lion. It is almost certain that Brian is a frog. We doubt that Greg is gray. Chances are about even that if either Greg is gray, or Brian is a frog, then Lily is white. It is likely that if Bernhard is a lion, or Greg is gray, then John picked up the apple. It is improbable that if Bernhard is a lion, or Greg is gray, then Jeff went to the office.
hypothesis: It is highly unlikely that lily is white, and Jeff went to the office.
valid_hypothesis: It is highly unlikely that lily is white, and Jeff went to the office.
invalid_hypothesis: It is probably the case that lily is white, and Jeff went to the office.
hypothesis_assertion: Lily is white, and Jeff went to the office.