context: We doubt that Julius is gray. There is a better than even chance that Winona is a sheep. It is highly unlikely that Bernhard is a swan. It is certain that if either Winona is a sheep, or Bernhard is a swan, then Sandra left the football. Chances are about even that if Julius is gray, or Winona is a sheep, then Emily is a wolf. It is probable that if Julius is gray, or Winona is a sheep, then Mary got the apple.
hypothesis: There is little chance that julius is gray, and Emily is a wolf.
valid_hypothesis: There is little chance that julius is gray, and Emily is a wolf.
invalid_hypothesis: It is highly likely that julius is gray, and Emily is a wolf.
hypothesis_assertion: Julius is gray, and Emily is a wolf.