context: It is probably the case that Daniel left the apple. Chances are about even that Julius is gray. It is certain that John picked up the milk. We doubt that if Daniel left the apple, or John picked up the milk, then Bernhard is a rhino. We believe that if Daniel left the apple, or Julius is gray, then Lily is a swan. It is likely that if Daniel left the apple, and Julius is gray, then Greg is a frog.
hypothesis: It is highly likely that john picked up the milk, and Greg is a frog.
valid_hypothesis: It is probably not the case that john picked up the milk, and Greg is a frog.
invalid_hypothesis: It is highly likely that john picked up the milk, and Greg is a frog.
hypothesis_assertion: John picked up the milk, and Greg is a frog.