context: Chances are slight that Bernhard is white. Chances are about even that Mary dropped the milk. It is highly unlikely that Brian is gray. There is almost no chance that if Mary dropped the milk, and Brian is gray, then Julius is a rhino. It is probable that if Bernhard is white, and Mary dropped the milk, then Fred left the milk. There is a very good chance that if Bernhard is white, or Brian is gray, then Daniel is in the garden.
hypothesis: It is highly unlikely that mary dropped the milk, and Bernhard is white.
valid_hypothesis: It is highly unlikely that mary dropped the milk, and Bernhard is white.
invalid_hypothesis: It is likely that mary dropped the milk, and Bernhard is white.
hypothesis_assertion: Mary dropped the milk, and Bernhard is white.