context: There is a better than even chance that John discarded the milk. There is a very good chance that Bernhard is white. It is highly likely that Gertrude is a mouse. It is unlikely that if Bernhard is white, or John discarded the milk, then Winona is a cat. There is little chance that if either Bernhard is white, or Gertrude is a mouse, then Greg is a swan. It is likely that if Bernhard is white, and Gertrude is a mouse, then Mary picked up the apple.
hypothesis: There is almost no chance that either Mary picked up the apple, or Greg is a swan.
valid_hypothesis: Chances are about even that either Mary picked up the apple, or Greg is a swan.
invalid_hypothesis: There is almost no chance that either Mary picked up the apple, or Greg is a swan.
hypothesis_assertion: Either Mary picked up the apple, or Greg is a swan.