context: Chances are about even that John went to the garden. It is probably not the case that Brian is a swan. Chances are slight that Julius is white. It is almost certain that if John went to the garden, and Brian is a swan, then Mary dropped the milk. There is a better than even chance that if either John went to the garden, or Julius is white, then Emily is a sheep. We believe that if Julius is white, and John went to the garden, then Bernhard is a lion.
hypothesis: It is highly unlikely that either Bernhard is a lion, or Julius is white.
valid_hypothesis: It is highly unlikely that either Bernhard is a lion, or Julius is white.
invalid_hypothesis: Chances are about even that either Bernhard is a lion, or Julius is white.
hypothesis_assertion: Either Bernhard is a lion, or Julius is white.