context: It is highly likely that Bernhard is green. It is likely that Winona is a cat. Chances are about even that Brian is a lion. There is little chance that if either Winona is a cat, or Brian is a lion, then Gertrude is a cat. It is certain that if either Winona is a cat, or Bernhard is green, then Mary went to the kitchen. It is probable that if Winona is a cat, or Brian is a lion, then Sandra left the apple.
hypothesis: It is almost certain that either Sandra left the apple, or Winona is a cat.
valid_hypothesis: It is probably not the case that either Sandra left the apple, or Winona is a cat.
invalid_hypothesis: It is almost certain that either Sandra left the apple, or Winona is a cat.
hypothesis_assertion: Either Sandra left the apple, or Winona is a cat.