context: It is certain that John left the apple. We doubt that Lily is green. There is almost no chance that Brian is a lion. It is probably the case that if John left the apple, and Lily is green, then Greg is a frog. Chances are about even that if Lily is green, and Brian is a lion, then Julius is gray. There is little chance that if Lily is green, or Brian is a lion, then Jessica is a sheep.
hypothesis: We doubt that either Julius is gray, or Lily is green.
valid_hypothesis: We doubt that either Julius is gray, or Lily is green.
invalid_hypothesis: It is probable that either Julius is gray, or Lily is green.
hypothesis_assertion: Either Julius is gray, or Lily is green.