context: It is probable that Mary went to the kitchen. It is highly unlikely that Greg is gray. It is highly unlikely that Brian is a rhino. There is a better than even chance that if Brian is a rhino, and Mary went to the kitchen, then Bernhard is gray. Chances are about even that if Brian is a rhino, and Mary went to the kitchen, then Julius is yellow. It is probably not the case that if Mary went to the kitchen, and Greg is gray, then John got the milk.
hypothesis: It is certain that john got the milk, or Bernhard is gray.
valid_hypothesis: There is almost no chance that john got the milk, or Bernhard is gray.
invalid_hypothesis: It is certain that john got the milk, or Bernhard is gray.
hypothesis_assertion: John got the milk, or Bernhard is gray.