context: Chances are slight that Lily is a lion. It is probably the case that Emily is a mouse. We doubt that Brian is a frog. It is almost certain that if Brian is a frog, or Emily is a mouse, then Winona is a cat. Chances are about even that if either Lily is a lion, or Emily is a mouse, then Greg is yellow. It is impossible that if Lily is a lion, or Emily is a mouse, then Bernhard is a lion.
hypothesis: It is probably not the case that emily is a mouse, and Greg is yellow.
valid_hypothesis: It is probably not the case that emily is a mouse, and Greg is yellow.
invalid_hypothesis: It is almost certain that emily is a mouse, and Greg is yellow.
hypothesis_assertion: Emily is a mouse, and Greg is yellow.