context: There is almost no chance that Greg is gray. It is certain that Bernhard is a lion. It is likely that Brian is yellow. It is unlikely that if Bernhard is a lion, and Brian is yellow, then Julius is a frog. Chances are about even that if Brian is yellow, or Greg is gray, then John went to the kitchen. It is unlikely that if Bernhard is a lion, and Brian is yellow, then Sandra took the apple.
hypothesis: It is unlikely that either Sandra took the apple, or Bernhard is a lion.
valid_hypothesis: It is highly likely that either Sandra took the apple, or Bernhard is a lion.
invalid_hypothesis: It is unlikely that either Sandra took the apple, or Bernhard is a lion.
hypothesis_assertion: Either Sandra took the apple, or Bernhard is a lion.