context: It is highly likely that Bill went to the office. There is a better than even chance that Bernhard is a frog. We doubt that Lily is yellow. It is improbable that if Lily is yellow, and Bernhard is a frog, then Gertrude is a mouse. There is a better than even chance that if Bernhard is a frog, or Lily is yellow, then Julius is a swan. Chances are slight that if either Lily is yellow, or Bill went to the office, then Daniel took the apple.
hypothesis: It is certain that bernhard is a frog, and Julius is a swan.
valid_hypothesis: It is probably not the case that bernhard is a frog, and Julius is a swan.
invalid_hypothesis: It is certain that bernhard is a frog, and Julius is a swan.
hypothesis_assertion: Bernhard is a frog, and Julius is a swan.