context: It is highly likely that Bernhard is a lion. It is likely that Lily is gray. It is probably not the case that Jeff went to the garden. It is highly likely that if Lily is gray, and Bernhard is a lion, then Brian is a swan. Chances are about even that if Bernhard is a lion, and Lily is gray, then John put down the milk. It is highly unlikely that if either Jeff went to the garden, or Lily is gray, then Julius is a frog.
hypothesis: We doubt that jeff went to the garden, and Bernhard is a lion.
valid_hypothesis: We doubt that jeff went to the garden, and Bernhard is a lion.
invalid_hypothesis: It is almost certain that jeff went to the garden, and Bernhard is a lion.
hypothesis_assertion: Jeff went to the garden, and Bernhard is a lion.