context: It is certain that Julius is gray. It is highly likely that John went to the kitchen. It is improbable that Bernhard is gray. We doubt that if John went to the kitchen, or Julius is gray, then Daniel got the apple. It is unlikely that if either John went to the kitchen, or Bernhard is gray, then Brian is a swan. There is little chance that if John went to the kitchen, and Bernhard is gray, then Fred is in the bedroom.
hypothesis: It is impossible that fred is in the bedroom, and Bernhard is gray.
valid_hypothesis: It is impossible that fred is in the bedroom, and Bernhard is gray.
invalid_hypothesis: It is likely that fred is in the bedroom, and Bernhard is gray.
hypothesis_assertion: Fred is in the bedroom, and Bernhard is gray.