context: It is unlikely that John went to the kitchen. There is a better than even chance that Mary left the apple. There is little chance that Lily is gray. Chances are about even that if John went to the kitchen, and Lily is gray, then Winona is a wolf. There is little chance that if Lily is gray, and Mary left the apple, then Julius is a lion. There is a very good chance that if either John went to the kitchen, or Lily is gray, then Bernhard is a swan.
hypothesis: Chances are about even that bernhard is a swan, and Winona is a wolf.
valid_hypothesis: It is impossible that bernhard is a swan, and Winona is a wolf.
invalid_hypothesis: Chances are about even that bernhard is a swan, and Winona is a wolf.
hypothesis_assertion: Bernhard is a swan, and Winona is a wolf.