context: Chances are slight that Winona is a cat. It is probably not the case that Bernhard is a swan. There is a very good chance that Brian is green. We doubt that if Bernhard is a swan, or Brian is green, then Lily is white. It is probable that if either Bernhard is a swan, or Brian is green, then Emily is a sheep. It is almost certain that if Bernhard is a swan, or Brian is green, then Mary put down the milk.
hypothesis: There is almost no chance that emily is a sheep, or Winona is a cat.
valid_hypothesis: Chances are about even that emily is a sheep, or Winona is a cat.
invalid_hypothesis: There is almost no chance that emily is a sheep, or Winona is a cat.
hypothesis_assertion: Emily is a sheep, or Winona is a cat.