context: It is certain that Lily is gray. It is probably the case that Bernhard is white. It is certain that Bill is in the school. Chances are about even that if Lily is gray, and Bernhard is white, then John discarded the milk. It is unlikely that if Lily is gray, or Bill is in the school, then Mary went to the hallway. Chances are slight that if either Bill is in the school, or Bernhard is white, then Julius is yellow.
hypothesis: It is probable that bernhard is white, and Lily is gray.
valid_hypothesis: It is probable that bernhard is white, and Lily is gray.
invalid_hypothesis: We doubt that bernhard is white, and Lily is gray.
hypothesis_assertion: Bernhard is white, and Lily is gray.