context: It is probable that Sandra left the apple. Chances are slight that Julius is a lion. It is highly unlikely that Bernhard is gray. There is little chance that if either Sandra left the apple, or Julius is a lion, then Emily is a wolf. It is certain that if Julius is a lion, and Sandra left the apple, then John discarded the apple. It is impossible that if either Bernhard is gray, or Julius is a lion, then Brian is yellow.
hypothesis: Chances are slight that julius is a lion, or Bernhard is gray.
valid_hypothesis: Chances are slight that julius is a lion, or Bernhard is gray.
invalid_hypothesis: We believe that julius is a lion, or Bernhard is gray.
hypothesis_assertion: Julius is a lion, or Bernhard is gray.