context: There is a better than even chance that John left the football. It is probably the case that Julius is a rhino. It is almost certain that Brian is a swan. There is a very good chance that if Julius is a rhino, and John left the football, then Mary took the apple. It is almost certain that if Julius is a rhino, and John left the football, then Lily is a frog. There is a very good chance that if Brian is a swan, and Julius is a rhino, then Bernhard is gray.
hypothesis: Chances are about even that brian is a swan, and Bernhard is gray.
valid_hypothesis: Chances are about even that brian is a swan, and Bernhard is gray.
invalid_hypothesis: It is certain that brian is a swan, and Bernhard is gray.
hypothesis_assertion: Brian is a swan, and Bernhard is gray.