context: It is certain that Bernhard is a lion. It is highly unlikely that John picked up the apple. There is almost no chance that Jeff went to the kitchen. It is highly likely that if either John picked up the apple, or Bernhard is a lion, then Lily is a frog. We doubt that if either Bernhard is a lion, or John picked up the apple, then Sandra left the milk. We believe that if John picked up the apple, and Bernhard is a lion, then Julius is gray.
hypothesis: It is certain that bernhard is a lion, or Julius is gray.
valid_hypothesis: It is certain that bernhard is a lion, or Julius is gray.
invalid_hypothesis: It is probably not the case that bernhard is a lion, or Julius is gray.
hypothesis_assertion: Bernhard is a lion, or Julius is gray.