context: Chances are slight that Lily is yellow. It is impossible that Bernhard is a frog. It is certain that Brian is gray. It is highly unlikely that if either Lily is yellow, or Bernhard is a frog, then John put down the apple. It is probably not the case that if Bernhard is a frog, or Lily is yellow, then Winona is a sheep. There is almost no chance that if either Lily is yellow, or Brian is gray, then Greg is a lion.
hypothesis: It is probably the case that bernhard is a frog, and Brian is gray.
valid_hypothesis: It is impossible that bernhard is a frog, and Brian is gray.
invalid_hypothesis: It is probably the case that bernhard is a frog, and Brian is gray.
hypothesis_assertion: Bernhard is a frog, and Brian is gray.