context: Chances are slight that Julius is gray. It is probably not the case that Brian is a frog. It is impossible that Greg is yellow. There is a better than even chance that if Greg is yellow, or Brian is a frog, then Emily is a mouse. There is little chance that if either Greg is yellow, or Brian is a frog, then Gertrude is a cat. It is highly unlikely that if either Julius is gray, or Greg is yellow, then Daniel took the football.
hypothesis: We doubt that emily is a mouse, or Gertrude is a cat.
valid_hypothesis: We doubt that emily is a mouse, or Gertrude is a cat.
invalid_hypothesis: It is certain that emily is a mouse, or Gertrude is a cat.
hypothesis_assertion: Emily is a mouse, or Gertrude is a cat.