context: Chances are slight that Greg is a frog. It is highly likely that Lily is green. It is impossible that Brian is white. It is highly unlikely that if either Brian is white, or Greg is a frog, then Julius is a lion. It is probably not the case that if Greg is a frog, or Lily is green, then Mary got the apple. There is a better than even chance that if Lily is green, and Greg is a frog, then Bernhard is yellow.
hypothesis: It is probably not the case that either Bernhard is yellow, or Mary got the apple.
valid_hypothesis: It is probably not the case that either Bernhard is yellow, or Mary got the apple.
invalid_hypothesis: It is likely that either Bernhard is yellow, or Mary got the apple.
hypothesis_assertion: Either Bernhard is yellow, or Mary got the apple.