context: It is almost certain that Greg is gray. We believe that Julius is a frog. There is little chance that Brian is a frog. It is almost certain that if Brian is a frog, or Julius is a frog, then John went to the garden. There is little chance that if Greg is gray, and Julius is a frog, then Lily is green. It is highly likely that if Greg is gray, or Julius is a frog, then Sandra took the apple.
hypothesis: It is unlikely that sandra took the apple, or Lily is green.
valid_hypothesis: It is highly likely that sandra took the apple, or Lily is green.
invalid_hypothesis: It is unlikely that sandra took the apple, or Lily is green.
hypothesis_assertion: Sandra took the apple, or Lily is green.