context: Chances are about even that Bernhard is yellow. Chances are slight that Mary got the apple. It is certain that Greg is a lion. It is highly likely that if Greg is a lion, and Bernhard is yellow, then John picked up the milk. There is little chance that if either Bernhard is yellow, or Greg is a lion, then Winona is a wolf. It is highly unlikely that if either Mary got the apple, or Bernhard is yellow, then Sandra left the football.
hypothesis: It is certain that john picked up the milk, and Greg is a lion.
valid_hypothesis: Chances are about even that john picked up the milk, and Greg is a lion.
invalid_hypothesis: It is certain that john picked up the milk, and Greg is a lion.
hypothesis_assertion: John picked up the milk, and Greg is a lion.