context: There is a better than even chance that John dropped the apple. Chances are slight that Julius is a rhino. Chances are about even that Bernhard is a lion. There is a very good chance that if either John dropped the apple, or Julius is a rhino, then Mary moved to the office. It is probably not the case that if Bernhard is a lion, or John dropped the apple, then Greg is gray. It is probable that if John dropped the apple, or Bernhard is a lion, then Sumit is bored.
hypothesis: It is improbable that greg is gray, and Bernhard is a lion.
valid_hypothesis: It is improbable that greg is gray, and Bernhard is a lion.
invalid_hypothesis: It is certain that greg is gray, and Bernhard is a lion.
hypothesis_assertion: Greg is gray, and Bernhard is a lion.