context: It is highly unlikely that Sandra got the football. There is a better than even chance that Fred is in the school. It is highly likely that Brian is white. There is a better than even chance that if either Sandra got the football, or Fred is in the school, then Bernhard is gray. There is a better than even chance that if Brian is white, and Sandra got the football, then John left the milk. Chances are about even that if either Sandra got the football, or Brian is white, then Lily is a frog.
hypothesis: It is certain that brian is white, and Lily is a frog.
valid_hypothesis: Chances are about even that brian is white, and Lily is a frog.
invalid_hypothesis: It is certain that brian is white, and Lily is a frog.
hypothesis_assertion: Brian is white, and Lily is a frog.