context: There is a very good chance that John picked up the milk. It is probably the case that Julius is gray. It is unlikely that Bernhard is a frog. It is almost certain that if either John picked up the milk, or Julius is gray, then Lily is yellow. Chances are about even that if Bernhard is a frog, and John picked up the milk, then Brian is a swan. Chances are about even that if Bernhard is a frog, and John picked up the milk, then Mary dropped the milk.
hypothesis: It is likely that brian is a swan, or Julius is gray.
valid_hypothesis: It is likely that brian is a swan, or Julius is gray.
invalid_hypothesis: There is little chance that brian is a swan, or Julius is gray.
hypothesis_assertion: Brian is a swan, or Julius is gray.