context: It is improbable that Mary went to the office. Chances are about even that Bernhard is a frog. There is a better than even chance that Greg is green. We believe that if Bernhard is a frog, or Greg is green, then John took the apple. It is certain that if Bernhard is a frog, or Greg is green, then Julius is a lion. We doubt that if Bernhard is a frog, and Greg is green, then Brian is white.
hypothesis: It is impossible that john took the apple, and Julius is a lion.
valid_hypothesis: There is a better than even chance that john took the apple, and Julius is a lion.
invalid_hypothesis: It is impossible that john took the apple, and Julius is a lion.
hypothesis_assertion: John took the apple, and Julius is a lion.