context: We doubt that Julius is a frog. It is probable that Mary took the apple. It is unlikely that Emily is a mouse. It is probably not the case that if either Mary took the apple, or Emily is a mouse, then Bernhard is white. It is unlikely that if Emily is a mouse, and Julius is a frog, then John went to the bedroom. It is probably the case that if either Julius is a frog, or Emily is a mouse, then Lily is a lion.
hypothesis: Chances are slight that bernhard is white, and Mary took the apple.
valid_hypothesis: Chances are slight that bernhard is white, and Mary took the apple.
invalid_hypothesis: It is highly likely that bernhard is white, and Mary took the apple.
hypothesis_assertion: Bernhard is white, and Mary took the apple.