context: It is almost certain that Greg is green. It is certain that Bernhard is gray. There is little chance that Emily is a wolf. It is probably the case that if Greg is green, or Bernhard is gray, then Fred went to the cinema. It is probably not the case that if Greg is green, or Emily is a wolf, then John got the apple. There is a very good chance that if either Greg is green, or Bernhard is gray, then Julius is a frog.
hypothesis: It is probably not the case that john got the apple, and Bernhard is gray.
valid_hypothesis: It is probably not the case that john got the apple, and Bernhard is gray.
invalid_hypothesis: It is almost certain that john got the apple, and Bernhard is gray.
hypothesis_assertion: John got the apple, and Bernhard is gray.