context: There is a better than even chance that Bernhard is yellow. It is highly likely that John went to the kitchen. Chances are slight that Julius is a swan. Chances are about even that if Julius is a swan, and John went to the kitchen, then Gertrude is a sheep. It is highly likely that if Julius is a swan, or John went to the kitchen, then Brian is gray. Chances are slight that if John went to the kitchen, or Bernhard is yellow, then Lily is white.
hypothesis: There is almost no chance that either Bernhard is yellow, or Lily is white.
valid_hypothesis: There is a better than even chance that either Bernhard is yellow, or Lily is white.
invalid_hypothesis: There is almost no chance that either Bernhard is yellow, or Lily is white.
hypothesis_assertion: Either Bernhard is yellow, or Lily is white.