context: Chances are slight that Gertrude is a mouse. There is a very good chance that Bernhard is yellow. There is almost no chance that Daniel took the football. It is unlikely that if either Bernhard is yellow, or Daniel took the football, then Sumit is bored. It is probably the case that if either Daniel took the football, or Bernhard is yellow, then Bill dropped the milk. There is little chance that if Daniel took the football, or Bernhard is yellow, then John picked up the apple.
hypothesis: It is highly unlikely that john picked up the apple, or Bill dropped the milk.
valid_hypothesis: There is a better than even chance that john picked up the apple, or Bill dropped the milk.
invalid_hypothesis: It is highly unlikely that john picked up the apple, or Bill dropped the milk.
hypothesis_assertion: John picked up the apple, or Bill dropped the milk.