context: We doubt that Julius is gray. It is probably not the case that Bernhard is green. Chances are slight that Greg is yellow. It is probable that if Julius is gray, and Greg is yellow, then Brian is gray. It is probably the case that if Julius is gray, or Greg is yellow, then Mary moved to the office. There is a better than even chance that if Greg is yellow, and Julius is gray, then Gertrude is a mouse.
hypothesis: There is a very good chance that julius is gray, or Brian is gray.
valid_hypothesis: It is unlikely that julius is gray, or Brian is gray.
invalid_hypothesis: There is a very good chance that julius is gray, or Brian is gray.
hypothesis_assertion: Julius is gray, or Brian is gray.