context: It is highly likely that Julius is green. Chances are slight that Mary picked up the milk. There is almost no chance that Greg is yellow. It is unlikely that if either Mary picked up the milk, or Julius is green, then Winona is a cat. It is improbable that if Mary picked up the milk, or Greg is yellow, then Gertrude is a sheep. There is a very good chance that if either Greg is yellow, or Mary picked up the milk, then Lily is yellow.
hypothesis: Chances are about even that mary picked up the milk, and Gertrude is a sheep.
valid_hypothesis: There is almost no chance that mary picked up the milk, and Gertrude is a sheep.
invalid_hypothesis: Chances are about even that mary picked up the milk, and Gertrude is a sheep.
hypothesis_assertion: Mary picked up the milk, and Gertrude is a sheep.