context: There is little chance that Julius is yellow. It is highly unlikely that John left the apple. Chances are slight that Bernhard is a swan. It is probable that if John left the apple, and Bernhard is a swan, then Gertrude is a cat. It is probable that if John left the apple, or Julius is yellow, then Mary got the milk. It is improbable that if John left the apple, and Bernhard is a swan, then Brian is a lion.
hypothesis: It is impossible that bernhard is a swan, and John left the apple.
valid_hypothesis: It is impossible that bernhard is a swan, and John left the apple.
invalid_hypothesis: It is probably the case that bernhard is a swan, and John left the apple.
hypothesis_assertion: Bernhard is a swan, and John left the apple.