context: It is probable that John left the apple. It is unlikely that Greg is a swan. It is certain that Bernhard is a frog. We believe that if either Bernhard is a frog, or Greg is a swan, then Daniel dropped the apple. Chances are slight that if Greg is a swan, or Bernhard is a frog, then Brian is white. It is highly unlikely that if Bernhard is a frog, and Greg is a swan, then Julius is white.
hypothesis: We doubt that brian is white, or John left the apple.
valid_hypothesis: We believe that brian is white, or John left the apple.
invalid_hypothesis: We doubt that brian is white, or John left the apple.
hypothesis_assertion: Brian is white, or John left the apple.