context: We doubt that Fred discarded the milk. There is little chance that Bernhard is a frog. Chances are about even that Gertrude is a sheep. It is highly likely that if Fred discarded the milk, and Bernhard is a frog, then Julius is green. We believe that if Bernhard is a frog, and Fred discarded the milk, then John went to the garden. It is highly likely that if Fred discarded the milk, and Gertrude is a sheep, then Lily is a swan.
hypothesis: Chances are about even that gertrude is a sheep, and Bernhard is a frog.
valid_hypothesis: It is highly unlikely that gertrude is a sheep, and Bernhard is a frog.
invalid_hypothesis: Chances are about even that gertrude is a sheep, and Bernhard is a frog.
hypothesis_assertion: Gertrude is a sheep, and Bernhard is a frog.