context: It is improbable that Bernhard is a lion. It is probably the case that John put down the apple. We doubt that Winona is a cat. We believe that if Bernhard is a lion, or Winona is a cat, then Lily is yellow. There is almost no chance that if either John put down the apple, or Bernhard is a lion, then Mary went to the hallway. Chances are slight that if Winona is a cat, and John put down the apple, then Julius is a swan.
hypothesis: It is improbable that john put down the apple, and Winona is a cat.
valid_hypothesis: It is improbable that john put down the apple, and Winona is a cat.
invalid_hypothesis: There is a better than even chance that john put down the apple, and Winona is a cat.
hypothesis_assertion: John put down the apple, and Winona is a cat.