context: It is likely that John picked up the apple. It is certain that Julius is gray. Chances are about even that Brian is a lion. There is little chance that if John picked up the apple, or Brian is a lion, then Greg is a swan. There is little chance that if Julius is gray, and Brian is a lion, then Daniel dropped the milk. There is a very good chance that if either Julius is gray, or John picked up the apple, then Bernhard is green.
hypothesis: It is probably not the case that either John picked up the apple, or Bernhard is green.
valid_hypothesis: It is almost certain that either John picked up the apple, or Bernhard is green.
invalid_hypothesis: It is probably not the case that either John picked up the apple, or Bernhard is green.
hypothesis_assertion: Either John picked up the apple, or Bernhard is green.