context: Chances are slight that Emily is a mouse. It is probable that Sandra left the apple. It is probably not the case that John went to the office. Chances are about even that if either Emily is a mouse, or John went to the office, then Bernhard is a frog. It is probably the case that if either John went to the office, or Emily is a mouse, then Mary put down the milk. Chances are slight that if Emily is a mouse, or Sandra left the apple, then Lily is a lion.
hypothesis: It is likely that lily is a lion, and Bernhard is a frog.
valid_hypothesis: There is almost no chance that lily is a lion, and Bernhard is a frog.
invalid_hypothesis: It is likely that lily is a lion, and Bernhard is a frog.
hypothesis_assertion: Lily is a lion, and Bernhard is a frog.