context: It is probable that Lily is gray. Chances are about even that Bernhard is a lion. It is highly likely that Julius is a frog. We doubt that if Bernhard is a lion, and Lily is gray, then Bill is in the kitchen. It is likely that if Bernhard is a lion, and Lily is gray, then John went to the office. We doubt that if Bernhard is a lion, or Lily is gray, then Greg is a frog.
hypothesis: It is certain that john went to the office, and Bernhard is a lion.
valid_hypothesis: It is probably not the case that john went to the office, and Bernhard is a lion.
invalid_hypothesis: It is certain that john went to the office, and Bernhard is a lion.
hypothesis_assertion: John went to the office, and Bernhard is a lion.