context: There is a very good chance that Lily is a swan. It is highly likely that Bernhard is a lion. It is probably the case that Greg is a rhino. It is unlikely that if Lily is a swan, or Greg is a rhino, then Emily is a mouse. It is impossible that if Lily is a swan, and Bernhard is a lion, then John dropped the apple. There is a better than even chance that if either Greg is a rhino, or Bernhard is a lion, then Sandra took the football.
hypothesis: It is unlikely that sandra took the football, and Bernhard is a lion.
valid_hypothesis: It is unlikely that sandra took the football, and Bernhard is a lion.
invalid_hypothesis: It is highly likely that sandra took the football, and Bernhard is a lion.
hypothesis_assertion: Sandra took the football, and Bernhard is a lion.