context: There is little chance that Jessica is a sheep. There is little chance that Greg is white. It is highly unlikely that Sandra took the milk. Chances are about even that if either Sandra took the milk, or Jessica is a sheep, then Mary moved to the office. There is a better than even chance that if Greg is white, or Sandra took the milk, then Julius is yellow. It is certain that if either Sandra took the milk, or Jessica is a sheep, then John picked up the apple.
hypothesis: It is certain that either John picked up the apple, or Mary moved to the office.
valid_hypothesis: It is highly unlikely that either John picked up the apple, or Mary moved to the office.
invalid_hypothesis: It is certain that either John picked up the apple, or Mary moved to the office.
hypothesis_assertion: Either John picked up the apple, or Mary moved to the office.