context: We doubt that Brian is green. It is probable that John left the apple. Chances are about even that Bernhard is a lion. Chances are about even that if Brian is green, or Bernhard is a lion, then Julius is a swan. There is a very good chance that if either Bernhard is a lion, or John left the apple, then Emily is a sheep. We doubt that if Bernhard is a lion, or John left the apple, then Lily is a lion.
hypothesis: It is impossible that emily is a sheep, or Julius is a swan.
valid_hypothesis: There is a better than even chance that emily is a sheep, or Julius is a swan.
invalid_hypothesis: It is impossible that emily is a sheep, or Julius is a swan.
hypothesis_assertion: Emily is a sheep, or Julius is a swan.