context: It is certain that Bernhard is green. It is probably not the case that Julius is a swan. Chances are about even that Mary got the apple.
hypothesis: It is certain that julius is a swan, or Bernhard is green.
valid_hypothesis: It is certain that julius is a swan, or Bernhard is green.
invalid_hypothesis: It is probably not the case that julius is a swan, or Bernhard is green.
hypothesis_assertion: Julius is a swan, or Bernhard is green.