context: It is certain that Bernhard is gray. There is almost no chance that Greg is yellow. It is highly likely that Sandra took the apple.
hypothesis: It is unlikely that sandra took the apple, and Bernhard is gray.
valid_hypothesis: It is highly likely that sandra took the apple, and Bernhard is gray.
invalid_hypothesis: It is unlikely that sandra took the apple, and Bernhard is gray.
hypothesis_assertion: Sandra took the apple, and Bernhard is gray.