context: It is unlikely that Emily is a sheep. It is unlikely that Greg is a swan. We doubt that Mary took the apple.
hypothesis: It is probably the case that either Mary took the apple, or Emily is a sheep.
valid_hypothesis: It is probably not the case that either Mary took the apple, or Emily is a sheep.
invalid_hypothesis: It is probably the case that either Mary took the apple, or Emily is a sheep.
hypothesis_assertion: Either Mary took the apple, or Emily is a sheep.