context: It is probably not the case that Julius is a frog. It is unlikely that John picked up the apple. There is a better than even chance that Bernhard is green.
hypothesis: It is certain that john picked up the apple, and Bernhard is green.
valid_hypothesis: It is improbable that john picked up the apple, and Bernhard is green.
invalid_hypothesis: It is certain that john picked up the apple, and Bernhard is green.
hypothesis_assertion: John picked up the apple, and Bernhard is green.