context: It is almost certain that Julius is green. We believe that Brian is a swan. It is probable that Lily is yellow.
hypothesis: Chances are about even that lily is yellow, and Brian is a swan.
valid_hypothesis: Chances are about even that lily is yellow, and Brian is a swan.
invalid_hypothesis: It is highly unlikely that lily is yellow, and Brian is a swan.
hypothesis_assertion: Lily is yellow, and Brian is a swan.