context: It is probably not the case that Sandra got the apple. It is almost certain that Julius is a frog. We doubt that Jessica is a sheep.
hypothesis: Chances are about even that jessica is a sheep, and Sandra got the apple.
valid_hypothesis: It is highly unlikely that jessica is a sheep, and Sandra got the apple.
invalid_hypothesis: Chances are about even that jessica is a sheep, and Sandra got the apple.
hypothesis_assertion: Jessica is a sheep, and Sandra got the apple.