context: It is almost certain that Mary is in the park. There is a very good chance that Brian is a frog. We believe that John dropped the milk.
hypothesis: It is improbable that brian is a frog, and John dropped the milk.
valid_hypothesis: There is a better than even chance that brian is a frog, and John dropped the milk.
invalid_hypothesis: It is improbable that brian is a frog, and John dropped the milk.
hypothesis_assertion: Brian is a frog, and John dropped the milk.