context: We believe that Mary took the apple. There is little chance that Julius is a frog. There is a very good chance that Brian is yellow.
hypothesis: We believe that julius is a frog, and Brian is yellow.
valid_hypothesis: Chances are slight that julius is a frog, and Brian is yellow.
invalid_hypothesis: We believe that julius is a frog, and Brian is yellow.
hypothesis_assertion: Julius is a frog, and Brian is yellow.