context: Chances are slight that Bernhard is a frog. It is highly unlikely that Emily is a sheep. It is probably the case that Mary left the football.
hypothesis: We believe that mary left the football, or Bernhard is a frog.
valid_hypothesis: We believe that mary left the football, or Bernhard is a frog.
invalid_hypothesis: It is probably not the case that mary left the football, or Bernhard is a frog.
hypothesis_assertion: Mary left the football, or Bernhard is a frog.