context: Chances are about even that Mary discarded the apple. There is almost no chance that Bernhard is white. There is little chance that Greg is a swan.
hypothesis: We believe that mary discarded the apple, and Bernhard is white.
valid_hypothesis: There is almost no chance that mary discarded the apple, and Bernhard is white.
invalid_hypothesis: We believe that mary discarded the apple, and Bernhard is white.
hypothesis_assertion: Mary discarded the apple, and Bernhard is white.