context: Chances are about even that Mary put down the apple. There is a very good chance that Lily is a swan. There is almost no chance that Julius is a frog.
hypothesis: It is probably the case that julius is a frog, and Lily is a swan.
valid_hypothesis: There is almost no chance that julius is a frog, and Lily is a swan.
invalid_hypothesis: It is probably the case that julius is a frog, and Lily is a swan.
hypothesis_assertion: Julius is a frog, and Lily is a swan.