context: It is improbable that Bernhard is a frog. Chances are about even that Fred dropped the milk. There is little chance that Brian is a frog.
hypothesis: It is certain that either Fred dropped the milk, or Bernhard is a frog.
valid_hypothesis: Chances are about even that either Fred dropped the milk, or Bernhard is a frog.
invalid_hypothesis: It is certain that either Fred dropped the milk, or Bernhard is a frog.
hypothesis_assertion: Either Fred dropped the milk, or Bernhard is a frog.