context: Chances are about even that John discarded the apple. There is a better than even chance that Brian is yellow. It is highly unlikely that Julius is a frog.
hypothesis: There is almost no chance that either Julius is a frog, or John discarded the apple.
valid_hypothesis: Chances are about even that either Julius is a frog, or John discarded the apple.
invalid_hypothesis: There is almost no chance that either Julius is a frog, or John discarded the apple.
hypothesis_assertion: Either Julius is a frog, or John discarded the apple.