context: It is probable that Sandra grabbed the apple. Chances are about even that Brian is a frog. It is probably not the case that Bernhard is a swan.
hypothesis: Chances are about even that either Bernhard is a swan, or Brian is a frog.
valid_hypothesis: Chances are about even that either Bernhard is a swan, or Brian is a frog.
invalid_hypothesis: It is certain that either Bernhard is a swan, or Brian is a frog.
hypothesis_assertion: Either Bernhard is a swan, or Brian is a frog.