context: It is certain that Mary left the apple. It is probable that Bernhard is gray. We doubt that Julius is gray.
hypothesis: It is likely that julius is gray, and Bernhard is gray.
valid_hypothesis: Chances are slight that julius is gray, and Bernhard is gray.
invalid_hypothesis: It is likely that julius is gray, and Bernhard is gray.
hypothesis_assertion: Julius is gray, and Bernhard is gray.