context: It is almost certain that John is in the garden. There is a very good chance that Fred discarded the milk. There is a better than even chance that Bernhard is white.
hypothesis: It is certain that fred discarded the milk, and Bernhard is white.
valid_hypothesis: Chances are about even that fred discarded the milk, and Bernhard is white.
invalid_hypothesis: It is certain that fred discarded the milk, and Bernhard is white.
hypothesis_assertion: Fred discarded the milk, and Bernhard is white.