context: We doubt that Daniel left the football. It is highly likely that John put down the apple. There is a better than even chance that Brian is a frog.
hypothesis: It is certain that john put down the apple, and Brian is a frog.
valid_hypothesis: Chances are about even that john put down the apple, and Brian is a frog.
invalid_hypothesis: It is certain that john put down the apple, and Brian is a frog.
hypothesis_assertion: John put down the apple, and Brian is a frog.