context: We believe that Fred went to the bedroom. It is unlikely that Bill left the milk. Chances are slight that Julius is white.
hypothesis: It is probable that julius is white, or Bill left the milk.
valid_hypothesis: It is probably not the case that julius is white, or Bill left the milk.
invalid_hypothesis: It is probable that julius is white, or Bill left the milk.
hypothesis_assertion: Julius is white, or Bill left the milk.