context: It is improbable that Winona is a mouse. It is probably the case that Mary took the football. There is a better than even chance that Julius is a lion.
hypothesis: It is highly unlikely that julius is a lion, and Winona is a mouse.
valid_hypothesis: It is highly unlikely that julius is a lion, and Winona is a mouse.
invalid_hypothesis: It is almost certain that julius is a lion, and Winona is a mouse.
hypothesis_assertion: Julius is a lion, and Winona is a mouse.