context: It is impossible that Gertrude is a sheep. We doubt that Lily is white. Chances are slight that Greg is a frog.
hypothesis: There is a better than even chance that gertrude is a sheep, or Greg is a frog.
valid_hypothesis: There is little chance that gertrude is a sheep, or Greg is a frog.
invalid_hypothesis: There is a better than even chance that gertrude is a sheep, or Greg is a frog.
hypothesis_assertion: Gertrude is a sheep, or Greg is a frog.