context: It is probably the case that Bernhard is a frog. It is likely that Brian is a lion. There is little chance that Mary picked up the apple.
hypothesis: We doubt that mary picked up the apple, or Bernhard is a frog.
valid_hypothesis: We believe that mary picked up the apple, or Bernhard is a frog.
invalid_hypothesis: We doubt that mary picked up the apple, or Bernhard is a frog.
hypothesis_assertion: Mary picked up the apple, or Bernhard is a frog.