context: It is certain that Bernhard is a frog. Chances are slight that Mary left the apple. We doubt that Julius is yellow.
hypothesis: Chances are slight that mary left the apple, and Bernhard is a frog.
valid_hypothesis: Chances are slight that mary left the apple, and Bernhard is a frog.
invalid_hypothesis: There is a better than even chance that mary left the apple, and Bernhard is a frog.
hypothesis_assertion: Mary left the apple, and Bernhard is a frog.