context: It is highly likely that Emily is a sheep. It is highly likely that Brian is white. There is a better than even chance that Sandra left the football.
hypothesis: It is certain that sandra left the football, and Emily is a sheep.
valid_hypothesis: Chances are about even that sandra left the football, and Emily is a sheep.
invalid_hypothesis: It is certain that sandra left the football, and Emily is a sheep.
hypothesis_assertion: Sandra left the football, and Emily is a sheep.