context: There is a better than even chance that Mary picked up the apple. Chances are slight that Brian is green. We doubt that John went to the garden.
hypothesis: It is likely that brian is green, and Mary picked up the apple.
valid_hypothesis: It is highly unlikely that brian is green, and Mary picked up the apple.
invalid_hypothesis: It is likely that brian is green, and Mary picked up the apple.
hypothesis_assertion: Brian is green, and Mary picked up the apple.