context: There is almost no chance that Fred discarded the milk. We doubt that Sandra took the apple. It is highly unlikely that Emily is a cat.
hypothesis: There is almost no chance that sandra took the apple, and Emily is a cat.
valid_hypothesis: There is almost no chance that sandra took the apple, and Emily is a cat.
invalid_hypothesis: It is likely that sandra took the apple, and Emily is a cat.
hypothesis_assertion: Sandra took the apple, and Emily is a cat.