context: Chances are about even that Gertrude is a mouse. There is a better than even chance that Lily is yellow. It is highly unlikely that Mary dropped the apple.
hypothesis: It is highly likely that mary dropped the apple, and Lily is yellow.
valid_hypothesis: There is almost no chance that mary dropped the apple, and Lily is yellow.
invalid_hypothesis: It is highly likely that mary dropped the apple, and Lily is yellow.
hypothesis_assertion: Mary dropped the apple, and Lily is yellow.