context: It is probable that Brian is a frog. There is a better than even chance that Sandra grabbed the apple. We doubt that Greg is a swan.
hypothesis: There is almost no chance that either Brian is a frog, or Sandra grabbed the apple.
valid_hypothesis: Chances are about even that either Brian is a frog, or Sandra grabbed the apple.
invalid_hypothesis: There is almost no chance that either Brian is a frog, or Sandra grabbed the apple.
hypothesis_assertion: Either Brian is a frog, or Sandra grabbed the apple.