context: It is highly likely that John took the apple. It is impossible that Brian is a lion. Chances are about even that Mary grabbed the milk.
hypothesis: It is impossible that john took the apple, and Brian is a lion.
valid_hypothesis: It is impossible that john took the apple, and Brian is a lion.
invalid_hypothesis: It is highly likely that john took the apple, and Brian is a lion.
hypothesis_assertion: John took the apple, and Brian is a lion.