context: Chances are about even that Mary put down the milk. It is unlikely that Bernhard is a frog. There is a very good chance that Lily is yellow.
hypothesis: It is certain that mary put down the milk, and Bernhard is a frog.
valid_hypothesis: There is little chance that mary put down the milk, and Bernhard is a frog.
invalid_hypothesis: It is certain that mary put down the milk, and Bernhard is a frog.
hypothesis_assertion: Mary put down the milk, and Bernhard is a frog.