context: It is likely that Winona is a cat. It is almost certain that Lily is a lion. Chances are slight that Brian is a frog.
hypothesis: There is a very good chance that winona is a cat, and Brian is a frog.
valid_hypothesis: It is highly unlikely that winona is a cat, and Brian is a frog.
invalid_hypothesis: There is a very good chance that winona is a cat, and Brian is a frog.
hypothesis_assertion: Winona is a cat, and Brian is a frog.