context: There is a better than even chance that Mary took the football. We believe that Greg is yellow. There is little chance that John dropped the apple.
hypothesis: It is highly unlikely that john dropped the apple, and Mary took the football.
valid_hypothesis: It is highly unlikely that john dropped the apple, and Mary took the football.
invalid_hypothesis: It is likely that john dropped the apple, and Mary took the football.
hypothesis_assertion: John dropped the apple, and Mary took the football.