context: It is likely that Bernhard is a swan. Chances are slight that Gertrude is a sheep. There is a very good chance that John got the apple.
hypothesis: It is unlikely that bernhard is a swan, or John got the apple.
valid_hypothesis: It is almost certain that bernhard is a swan, or John got the apple.
invalid_hypothesis: It is unlikely that bernhard is a swan, or John got the apple.
hypothesis_assertion: Bernhard is a swan, or John got the apple.