context: We believe that Sandra took the football. Chances are slight that Bernhard is a swan. It is certain that Brian is a frog.
hypothesis: It is unlikely that sandra took the football, or Brian is a frog.
valid_hypothesis: It is certain that sandra took the football, or Brian is a frog.
invalid_hypothesis: It is unlikely that sandra took the football, or Brian is a frog.
hypothesis_assertion: Sandra took the football, or Brian is a frog.