context: It is impossible that Julius is a lion. It is likely that Brian is a swan. It is unlikely that John got the apple.
hypothesis: Chances are slight that either John got the apple, or Brian is a swan.
valid_hypothesis: There is a better than even chance that either John got the apple, or Brian is a swan.
invalid_hypothesis: Chances are slight that either John got the apple, or Brian is a swan.
hypothesis_assertion: Either John got the apple, or Brian is a swan.