context: It is likely that Mary picked up the apple. Chances are about even that Bernhard is a frog. It is improbable that John went to the kitchen.
hypothesis: It is probably not the case that either Mary picked up the apple, or John went to the kitchen.
valid_hypothesis: It is likely that either Mary picked up the apple, or John went to the kitchen.
invalid_hypothesis: It is probably not the case that either Mary picked up the apple, or John went to the kitchen.
hypothesis_assertion: Either Mary picked up the apple, or John went to the kitchen.