context: Chances are about even that John dropped the milk. We doubt that Greg is a frog. There is a very good chance that Sandra got the apple.
hypothesis: It is unlikely that sandra got the apple, and Greg is a frog.
valid_hypothesis: It is unlikely that sandra got the apple, and Greg is a frog.
invalid_hypothesis: We believe that sandra got the apple, and Greg is a frog.
hypothesis_assertion: Sandra got the apple, and Greg is a frog.