context: Chances are about even that Greg is green. Chances are slight that Mary took the apple. Chances are slight that Lily is a frog.
hypothesis: It is likely that greg is green, and Mary took the apple.
valid_hypothesis: It is highly unlikely that greg is green, and Mary took the apple.
invalid_hypothesis: It is likely that greg is green, and Mary took the apple.
hypothesis_assertion: Greg is green, and Mary took the apple.