context: There is a better than even chance that Bernhard is white. It is almost certain that Brian is a lion. It is improbable that Mary put down the apple.
hypothesis: It is probably the case that mary put down the apple, and Brian is a lion.
valid_hypothesis: It is improbable that mary put down the apple, and Brian is a lion.
invalid_hypothesis: It is probably the case that mary put down the apple, and Brian is a lion.
hypothesis_assertion: Mary put down the apple, and Brian is a lion.