context: It is unlikely that John picked up the apple. It is improbable that Winona is a sheep. It is probable that Julius is green.
hypothesis: There is a better than even chance that winona is a sheep, and John picked up the apple.
valid_hypothesis: There is almost no chance that winona is a sheep, and John picked up the apple.
invalid_hypothesis: There is a better than even chance that winona is a sheep, and John picked up the apple.
hypothesis_assertion: Winona is a sheep, and John picked up the apple.