context: It is probable that John dropped the apple. There is almost no chance that Emily is a sheep. Chances are slight that Lily is a swan.
hypothesis: Chances are slight that lily is a swan, or Emily is a sheep.
valid_hypothesis: Chances are slight that lily is a swan, or Emily is a sheep.
invalid_hypothesis: It is certain that lily is a swan, or Emily is a sheep.
hypothesis_assertion: Lily is a swan, or Emily is a sheep.