context: We believe that Julius is gray. There is almost no chance that Brian is a frog. There is a better than even chance that Sandra got the apple.
hypothesis: It is probable that sandra got the apple, and Brian is a frog.
valid_hypothesis: There is almost no chance that sandra got the apple, and Brian is a frog.
invalid_hypothesis: It is probable that sandra got the apple, and Brian is a frog.
hypothesis_assertion: Sandra got the apple, and Brian is a frog.