context: It is certain that Greg is a lion. It is highly unlikely that Bernhard is yellow. We doubt that Gertrude is a cat.
hypothesis: It is certain that gertrude is a cat, and Bernhard is yellow.
valid_hypothesis: There is almost no chance that gertrude is a cat, and Bernhard is yellow.
invalid_hypothesis: It is certain that gertrude is a cat, and Bernhard is yellow.
hypothesis_assertion: Gertrude is a cat, and Bernhard is yellow.