context: It is certain that John picked up the apple. It is certain that Brian is a frog. Chances are slight that Mary went to the bedroom.
hypothesis: It is highly unlikely that john picked up the apple, and Brian is a frog.
valid_hypothesis: It is certain that john picked up the apple, and Brian is a frog.
invalid_hypothesis: It is highly unlikely that john picked up the apple, and Brian is a frog.
hypothesis_assertion: John picked up the apple, and Brian is a frog.