context: It is probably the case that Julius is gray. It is highly unlikely that Bernhard is a rhino. There is a very good chance that Gertrude is a sheep.
hypothesis: Chances are about even that either Gertrude is a sheep, or Julius is gray.
valid_hypothesis: Chances are about even that either Gertrude is a sheep, or Julius is gray.
invalid_hypothesis: There is almost no chance that either Gertrude is a sheep, or Julius is gray.
hypothesis_assertion: Either Gertrude is a sheep, or Julius is gray.