context: Chances are slight that John grabbed the apple. We doubt that Bernhard is yellow. We doubt that Julius is white.
hypothesis: It is probable that either Julius is white, or Bernhard is yellow.
valid_hypothesis: It is probably not the case that either Julius is white, or Bernhard is yellow.
invalid_hypothesis: It is probable that either Julius is white, or Bernhard is yellow.
hypothesis_assertion: Either Julius is white, or Bernhard is yellow.