context: It is probably the case that Julius is a lion. It is probable that Gertrude is a wolf. It is probably not the case that John picked up the apple.
hypothesis: There is little chance that john picked up the apple, or Julius is a lion.
valid_hypothesis: We believe that john picked up the apple, or Julius is a lion.
invalid_hypothesis: There is little chance that john picked up the apple, or Julius is a lion.
hypothesis_assertion: John picked up the apple, or Julius is a lion.