context: It is likely that Bernhard is a lion. It is probably not the case that Julius is a swan. There is little chance that John discarded the apple.
hypothesis: It is probably the case that either John discarded the apple, or Julius is a swan.
valid_hypothesis: It is probably not the case that either John discarded the apple, or Julius is a swan.
invalid_hypothesis: It is probably the case that either John discarded the apple, or Julius is a swan.
hypothesis_assertion: Either John discarded the apple, or Julius is a swan.