context: There is a very good chance that Brian is yellow. It is probably not the case that Bernhard is a frog. It is probably the case that Emily is a cat.
hypothesis: It is impossible that either Emily is a cat, or Brian is yellow.
valid_hypothesis: Chances are about even that either Emily is a cat, or Brian is yellow.
invalid_hypothesis: It is impossible that either Emily is a cat, or Brian is yellow.
hypothesis_assertion: Either Emily is a cat, or Brian is yellow.