context: It is almost certain that Emily is a sheep. Chances are slight that Mary left the apple. It is highly likely that Brian is a lion.
hypothesis: There is little chance that either Brian is a lion, or Mary left the apple.
valid_hypothesis: There is a very good chance that either Brian is a lion, or Mary left the apple.
invalid_hypothesis: There is little chance that either Brian is a lion, or Mary left the apple.
hypothesis_assertion: Either Brian is a lion, or Mary left the apple.