context: We doubt that Mary went to the garden. It is likely that Julius is a swan. It is probable that Emily is a sheep.
hypothesis: There is a better than even chance that either Julius is a swan, or Mary went to the garden.
valid_hypothesis: There is a better than even chance that either Julius is a swan, or Mary went to the garden.
invalid_hypothesis: It is highly unlikely that either Julius is a swan, or Mary went to the garden.
hypothesis_assertion: Either Julius is a swan, or Mary went to the garden.