id,easy-or-hard,sentence-pair-index,sentence-1,sentence-2,edits-combination-0,edits-combination-1,edits-combination-2,arxiv-id,sentence-1-level,sentence-2-level
0,easy,0,"An example of such a process is particle production ( for example , by parametric resonance [CITATION] ) , which can be expected to be effective because of the very rapid but small oscillations .","An example of such a process is particle production ( e.g. , by parametric resonance [CITATION] ) , which can be expected to be effective because of the very rapid but small oscillations .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-other', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [10, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 11]}}",{},{},0806.2805,3,4
1,easy,1,"This clearly is an oversimplification , as the moment-zero map shows obvious evidence of non-exponential emission ( see Figure [REF] ) .","This clearly is an oversimplification , as the moment 0 map shows obvious evidence of nonexponential emission ( see Figure [REF] ) .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 10]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [14, 15], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [15, 16]}}",{},{},1903.09202,1,2
2,easy,2,The algorithm is implemented in a multi-threaded fashion using C++11 and GNU Scientific Library .,The algorithm is implemented in a multi-threaded fashion using C++11 and GNU Scientific Library with a shared memory architecture .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [14, 19]}}",{},{},1803.05578,1,2
3,easy,3,"It is thus expected that this also holds for [MATH] , and that the present theory should conform to Kirby 's ( 1988 ) theory in the limit of small reflection coefficients .",It is thus expected that this also holds for [MATH] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [10, 32], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},physics-0510150,1,2
4,easy,4,"Considering the [MATH] confidence level threshold as significance level for the structure detection , we have overwhelming evidence for substructure inside the central region of the Coma cluster on the first three scales investigated : [MATH] , [MATH] and [MATH] Kpc ( see the Table 4A ) .","Considering the [MATH] confidence level threshold as significance level for the structure detection , we have overwhelming evidence for substructure inside the central region of the Coma cluster on the first three scales investigated : [MATH] , [MATH] and [MATH] kpc ( see the Table 4A ) .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [40, 41], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [40, 41]}}",{},{},astro-ph-9701224,1,2
5,easy,5,"We also measure [MATH] for a subset of even closer neighbouring particles ( whose [MATH] , [MATH] , and [MATH] coordinates in all outputs before the one under study were within 5 kpc of those of the reference particle , and in the current output within 2.5 kpc ) .","We also measure [MATH] for a subset of even closer neighbouring particles ( whose [MATH] , [MATH] , and [MATH] coordinates in all outputs before the one under study were within 5 kpc of those of the reference particle , and in the current output are within 2.5 kpc ) .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [45, 46]}}",{},{},astro-ph-0208041,1,2
6,easy,6,The ratio of time resolutions obtained in scans at [MATH] cm and [MATH] cm for PMT2 is shown in Fig. [REF] .,The ratio of the time resolutions obtained in scans at [MATH] cm and [MATH] cm is shown in Fig. [REF] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 4]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [14, 16], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1610.05667,1,2
7,easy,7,We compared the time profile of the first seconds of 15 long bursts with the time profiles of 15 short bursts .,We compare the time profile of the first seconds of 15 long bursts with the time profiles of 15 short bursts .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [1, 2], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 2]}}",{},{},astro-ph-0103192,1,2
8,easy,8,"In practice , however , we only have the noisy data [MATH] , and the goal of this section is to develop a numerical method to determine the initial distribution .","In practice , however , we only have the noisy data [MATH] , and the goal of this section is to develop a numerical method to determine the initial distribution of the corresponding modes , [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [30, 36]}}",{},{},1501.06848,1,2
9,easy,9,While most semantic labels of ATIS are related to only time and location .,"In contrast , most semantic labels of ATIS are related to only time and location .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 3]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 2]}}",{},{},1803.11326,2,3
10,easy,10,"Implementation Details : As a specific implementation of the neural MT techniques listed above , we use the lamtram toolkit [CITATION] .","Implementation details : As a specific implementation of the NMT techniques listed above , we use the lamtram toolkit [CITATION] .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [1, 2], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 2]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [9, 11], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 10]}}",{},{},1812.07170,1,2
11,easy,11,The gap between both complexes is bridged by a smaller clump and all three clumps are surrounded by diffuse gas which forms an envelope around the whole complex .,"The gap between both complexes is bridged by a smaller clump , and all three clumps are surrounded by diffuse gas , which forms an envelope around the whole complex .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [11, 12]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [21, 22]}}",{},{},1308.6112,1,2
12,easy,12,In further study we are going to be weaker the limit for the skew product map [MATH] which is actually assumed to avoid overlapping of its image here .,In further study we are going to weaken the limit for the skew product map [MATH] which is actually assumed to avoid overlapping of its image here .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 8]}}",{},{},1401.3206,1,2
13,easy,13,"A final test was run introducing realistic colors , i.e. assigning fluxes to the sources in the LRI consistent with a realistic SED ( as output by GenCat , see Sect. [REF] ) , instead of imposing them to be equal to the HRI fluxes .","A final test was run introducing realistic colours , i.e. assigning fluxes to the sources in the LRI consistent with a realistic SED ( as output by GenCat , see Sect. [REF] ) , instead of imposing them to be equal to the HRI fluxes .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 8]}}",{},{},1505.02516,3,4
14,easy,14,"Indeed , rescaling the control parameters by a factor [MATH] is equivalent to setting a parameter [MATH] , where [MATH] is the inverse of the effective temperature [MATH] associated to a given instance .","Indeed , rescaling the control parameters by a factor [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [10, 33], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1510.07611,2,3
15,easy,15,We then plug the ground distance into the equation of Definition [REF] and compute the Wasserstein distance using a network simplex method .,"Next , we substitute the ground distance into the equation of Definition [REF] and compute the Wasserstein distance using a network simplex method .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 2]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-other', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [1, 2], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 4]}}",{},{},1906.01277,1,2
16,easy,16,"While not constituting a test of graph isomorphism , this refinement step can be seen as an intuitive extension for continuous attributes of the one used by the WL subtree kernel on categorical node labels , a widely successful baseline .","Although this is not a test of graph isomorphism , this refinement step can be seen as an intuitive extension for continuous attributes of the one used by the WL subtree kernel on categorical node labels , a widely successful baseline .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-other', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 4]}}",{},{},1906.01277,1,2
17,easy,17,"However , an even faster and simple randomized way is to use multiple sequential priority queues - one on each PE [CITATION] .","However , an even faster and simpler randomized way is to use multiple sequential priority queues-one on each PE [CITATION] .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 7], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 7]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [15, 18], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [15, 16]}}",{},{},1502.03942,1,2
18,easy,18,"We carry out MD simulations of an orthorhombic form of hen egg-white lysozyme and also Dickerson dodecamer DNA [CITATION] at constant pressure [MATH] atm , several constant temperatures [MATH] and constant number of water molecules [MATH] ( NPT ensemble ) in a simulation box with periodic boundary conditions using the software package GROMACS [CITATION] .","Specifically , we study the dynamic and thermodynamic behavior of lysozyme and DNA in hydration TIP5P water , by means of the software package GROMACS [CITATION] for ( i ) an orthorhombic form of hen egg-white lysozyme [CITATION] and ( ii ) a Dickerson dodecamer DNA [CITATION] at constant pressure [MATH] atm , several constant temperatures [MATH] , and constant number of water molecules [MATH] ( NPT ensemble ) in a simulation box with periodic boundary conditions .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 2]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [1, 54], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 77]}}",{},{},cond-mat-0603557,2,3
19,easy,19,"They have gained increasing interest in the last few years , after [CITATION] presented the seminal Adaptive Metropolis ( AM ) algorithm , and [CITATION] related adaptive MCMC to the general context of Robbins-Monro stochastic approximation .","They have attracted increasing attention in the last few years , after [CITATION] presented the seminal Adaptive Metropolis ( AM ) algorithm , and [CITATION] related adaptive MCMC to the general context of the Robbins-Monro stochastic approximation .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [33, 34]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 3]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 5], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 5]}}",{},{},0811.4095,2,3
20,easy,20,"By the assumption in this lemma and theorem in complex analysis , we have [MATH] on this strip .","By the assumption in this lemma and theorem in Brown and Churchill ( 2009 , p.84 ) , we have [MATH] on this strip .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [9, 11], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 17]}}",{},{},1310.4021,3,4
21,easy,21,The above three parts sum up to the total boundary-dependent energy shift of the atom .,The above three parts sum to the total boundary-dependent energy shift of the atom .,"{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [5, 6], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1408.4517,1,2
22,hard,22,"These are : electroweak interactions , processes involving Higgs and two light particles , [MATH] meson and two [MATH] mesons , [MATH] , [MATH] and other heavy particles decaying into the pair of light particles .","These are electroweak interactions , processes involving Higgs and two light particles , a [MATH] meson and two [MATH] mesons , [MATH] , [MATH] , and other heavy particles decaying into a pair of light particles , etc .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [13, 14]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [24, 25]}, '2': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [36, 38]}, '3': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '4': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [30, 31], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [31, 32]}}",{},{},hep-ph-9801399,1,2
23,easy,23,"As a result , we can control the term [MATH] leading to interaction Morawetz estimates for mNLS .","As a result , we can control the term [MATH] , and hence obtain the interaction Morawetz estimates for mNLS .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [10, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 15]}}",{},{},1112.4452,1,2
24,easy,24,One can easily notice the absence of quadratic IR divergent integral [MATH] .,One can easily notice the absence of the quadratic IR divergent integral [MATH] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 8]}}",{},{},1602.01333,1,2
25,easy,25,Notice that this result is valid in the short region where [MATH] .,Notice that this result is valid in the short-distance region where [MATH] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 9]}}",{},{},1408.4517,1,2
26,easy,26,Those results can pave the way towards constructing all-optical logical devices .,These results are expected to pave the way towards constructing all-optical logical devices .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 5]}}",{},{},1012.2247,1,2
27,easy,27,"What conditions are necessary , then , in order that symmetry breaking occurs ?","What conditions are necessary , then , in order that symmetry breaking occurs in the first place ?","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [13, 17]}}",{},{},1201.3968,2,3
28,easy,28,"We illustrate the potential for this framework by studying a vertical shear instability in disks with cylindrical temperature structure , and examining the modes associated with the magnetorotational instability in a disk model with spherical temperature structure .",We illustrate the potential of this framework by studying a vertical shear instability and examining the modes associated with the magnetorotational instability .,"{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [13, 20], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [29, 37], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 5], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 5]}}",{},{},1406.4864,1,2
29,easy,29,Maximal efficiency of 48 ( 3 ) [MATH] was achieved for [MATH] Na .,A maximal efficiency of 48 ( 3 ) [MATH] was achieved for [MATH] Na .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}}",{},{},0709.3670,1,2
30,easy,30,"From the Maxwell equation [REF] , the Einstein equation [REF] , and the matter conservation equation [REF] , we finally obtain a closed system of three ordinary differential equations ( ODEs ) for the three dimensionless variables [MATH] , [MATH] and [MATH] : [EQUATION] with matter equation-of-state ( EOS ) parameter [MATH] .","From the Maxwell equation [REF] , the Friedmann equation [REF] , and the matter conservation equation [REF] , we finally obtain a closed system of three ordinary differential equations ( ODEs ) for the three dimensionless variables [MATH] , [MATH] , and [MATH] : [EQUATION] with matter equation-of-state ( EOS ) parameter [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [40, 41]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 8]}}",{},{},0806.2805,5,6
31,easy,31,The correspondence variables [MATH] is a binary random variable .,The correspondence variables [MATH] are binary random variables .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 8]}}",{},{},1707.02387,3,4
32,easy,32,"If a proposed window is non-face , the CNN outputs a vector of [MATH] .","If a proposed window is non-face , the CNN outputs a vector of [MATH] whose gradients will be ignored during back propagation .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [14, 22]}}",{},{},1701.08393,1,2
33,easy,33,"In Section [REF] , however , I show that there are straightforward ways that a UD-random number can look very nonrandom .","In Section [REF] , however , I show that there are straightforward ways that a UD random number can look very nonrandom .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [15, 16], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [15, 17]}}",{},{},1203.4126,1,2
34,easy,34,"Following the formalism in [CITATION] , we obtain the volume weighted and energy integrated [MATH] -ray source function due to pion decay , [EQUATION] where the sum extends over our three CR populations , [MATH] is given by equations ( [REF] ) , ( [REF] ) - ( [REF] ) , while [MATH] and [MATH] are provided by equation ( [REF] ) and we introduced an auxiliary variable [MATH] for dimensional reasons to ensure that [MATH] is dimensionless .","Following the formalism in [CITATION] , we obtain the volume weighted and energy integrated and omnidirectional ( i.e integrated over the [MATH] solid angle ) [MATH] -ray source function due to pion decay , [EQUATION] where the sum extends over our three CR populations , [MATH] is given by equations ( [REF] ) , ( [REF] ) - ( [REF] ) , while [MATH] and [MATH] are provided by equation ( [REF] ) and we introduced an auxiliary variable [MATH] for dimensional reasons to ensure that [MATH] is dimensionless .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [14, 25]}}",{},{},1001.5023,1,2
35,easy,35,"First , since signals from many PMTs are involved in generating the trigger , the trigger needs to be robust against coherent noises among channels .","First , since signals from many PMTs are involved in generating the trigger , the trigger needs to be robust against coherent noise among channels .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [22, 23], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [22, 23]}}",{},{},1602.00858,1,2
36,easy,36,"On the theoretical side , Schack and Caves [CITATION] showed that the Balazs-Voros-Saraceno quantum baker [CITATION] can be seen as a shift on a string of quantum bits -in full analogy with the classical case- and exhibited a family of alternative quantizations .","On the theoretical side , Schack and Caves [CITATION] showed that the Balazs-Voros-Saraceno quantum baker [CITATION] can be seen as a shift on a string of quantum bits ( in full analogy with the classical case ) , thus taking an important step towards generalizing the method of symbolic dynamics to the quantum case .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [37, 54]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [35, 42], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [28, 29], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [28, 30]}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [34, 35], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [35, 37]}}",{},{},1004.1626,1,2
37,easy,37,"Reineke [CITATION] ( c.f. Section [REF] ) realized that the DT-invariant for a Dynkin quiver can be calculated as a product of quantum dilogarithms , indexing by any HN-stratum of [MATH] , which is a ' maximal refined version ' of torsion pairs on an abelian category .","Reineke [CITATION] ( cf. Section [REF] ) realized that the DT-type invariant for a Dynkin quiver can be calculated as a product of quantum dilogarithms , indexing by any HN-stratum of [MATH] , which is a ' maximal refined version ' of torsion pairs on an abelian category .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 4]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [10, 11], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 12]}}",{},{},1111.1010,2,3
38,easy,38,"Of these [MATH] ranges , the [MATH] - [MATH] is maybe the most interesting , since it contains the important BAO scale .","Of these [MATH] ranges , the [MATH] - [MATH] is perhaps the most interesting , since it contains the important BAO scale .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [10, 11], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 11]}}",{},{},1905.01133,1,2
39,easy,39,The radius decreases with increasing particle number .,Radii decrease with increasing particle number .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 2], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 2]}}",{},{},0911.1722,1,2
40,easy,40,Susceptible nodes are healthy individuals .,Susceptible nodes are healthy individuals that never experienced the illness .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 10]}}",{},{},1404.1006,1,2
41,easy,41,More compelling is though the fact that mean field calculations and Monte Carlo simulations of the dynamics and thermodynamics of this Hamiltonian are able to reproduce the experimental phenomenology [CITATION] .,More compelling is though the fact that mean field replica theory and Monte Carlo simulations of the dynamics and thermodynamics of this Hamiltonian are able to reproduce the experimental phenomenology [CITATION] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [9, 10], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 11]}}",{},{},cond-mat-0006258,1,2
42,easy,42,"For these tasks , during training , input sequences range from a length of [MATH] characters to [MATH] .","For these tasks , the input sequences encountered during training range from a length of [MATH] to [MATH] characters .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 5]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 8]}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 7], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1611.09321,2,3
43,easy,43,"The long range of cell-generated displacements and stresses , and the localization into intercellular tensile tethers , allow cells to sense each other and their surroundings over larger distances through a fibrous matrix , than through homogeneous hydrogels with linear elastic behavior .","The long range of cell-generated displacements and stresses , and the localization into intercellular tensile tethers , allow cells to sense each other and their surroundings over larger distances through a fibrous matrix than through homogeneous hydrogels with linear elastic behavior .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [33, 34], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1407.3510,1,2
44,easy,44,"In this paper , I focus on the local average treatment effect ( LATE ) , which is defined by [EQUATION] .","I focus on the local average treatment effect , which is defined by [EQUATION] .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [12, 15], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1511.04162,1,2
45,easy,45,"In Ref. [CITATION] , TP-PLE measurements have been performed in conjunction with SHG experiments on WSe [MATH] which has very similar properties as WS [MATH] , showing the same symmetries and similar spin-splitting of the valence bands .","This material system has very similar properties as WS [MATH] , in particular it has the same symmetries and similar spin-splitting of the valence bands .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 3]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 18], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [26, 27], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [11, 15]}}",{},{},1404.4238,3,4
46,easy,46,"While there is very little recent stellar imaging available in the F675W filter , examination of standard stars observed in the F555W or F547M filters a few months prior to execution of the present program show this pattern to be common ; it is consistent with a small amount of comatic aberration .","While , as noted earlier , there is very little recent stellar imaging available in the F675W filter , examination of standard stars observed in the F555W or F547M filters a few months prior to execution of the present program show this pattern to be common ; it is consistent with a small amount of comatic aberration .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 6]}}",{},{},0906.0020,1,2
47,easy,47,"If , however , one wanted to probe , e.g. , graviton 3- or 4-point functions then we would need to expand to at least cubic or quartic order in the curvature , respectively ; these will not be of interest to us here but might be of interest in future experiment [CITATION] which would tell us more about the underlying theory of gravity .","If , however , one wanted to probe , e.g. , graviton 3- or 4-point functions then we would need to expand to at least cubic or quartic order in the curvature , respectively ; these will not be of interest to us here but might be of interest in future experiments [CITATION] which would tell us more about the underlying theory of gravity .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [51, 52], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [51, 52]}}",{},{},hep-ph-0603242,1,2
48,easy,48,"Let [MATH] and assume that [MATH] , then [ ( 1 ) ] under Assumption A1 , [EQUATION] under Assumptions A1 and A2 , [EQUATION] where [EQUATION] .","Let [MATH] and assume that [MATH] , then [ ( 1 ) ] under the assumption A1 , [EQUATION] under the assumption A1 and A2 , [EQUATION] where [EQUATION] .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [14, 15], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [14, 16]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [19, 20], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [20, 22]}}",{},{},1609.03261,2,3
49,easy,49,"Indeed , depending on their masses and mixing with active neutrinos , the new states can be produced in collider and/or low-energy experiments , and their contribution to physical processes can be sizable .","Indeed , depending on their masses and mixing with active neutrinos , the new states can be produced in collider and/or low energy experiments , and their contribution to physical processes can be sizable .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [21, 22], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [21, 23]}}",{},{},1503.04159,1,2
50,easy,50,"In Section [REF] , we summarize the calculation of the two-loop correction to the background field effective potential and in Section [REF] , we give the corresponding expression for the one-loop correction to the Polyakov loop .","In Sec. [REF] , we summarize the calculation of the two-loop correction to the background field effective potential and in Sec. [REF] , we give the corresponding expression for the one-loop correction to the Polyakov loop .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [1, 2], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 2]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [20, 21], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [20, 21]}}",{},{},1412.5672,1,2
51,easy,51,"Fortunately , base on the extended [MATH] -formalism [CITATION] , Vernizzi and Wands [CITATION] invented an analytic method to estimate its non-Gaussianities .","Fortunately , based on the extended [MATH] -formalism [CITATION] , Vernizzi and Wands [CITATION] invented an analytic method to estimate such non-Gaussianities .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 3]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [20, 21], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [20, 21]}}",{},{},1008.3198,1,2
52,easy,52,Fig. [REF] ( c ) summarizes our distance determination in a plot taken from [CITATION] .,Figure [REF] ( c ) summarizes our determination of distance in a plot taken from [CITATION] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 9]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}}",{},{},1308.6112,1,2
53,easy,53,"We assume that [MATH] , along with a desired error probability [MATH] are public knowledge .","We want Bob to receive Alice 's message and for both players to terminate , with error probability at most [MATH] , where [MATH] is a parameter known to both Alice and Bob .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 15]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [1, 5], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [5, 15], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [15, 33]}}",{},{},1605.04486,1,2
54,easy,54,"Here Lorentzian spaces result compact , building up spheres , where hopefully the problems of the Standard Model could be solved , but , to obtain the graviton , one has to use a symmetric tensor quadrilinear in Weyl spinors .","Here Lorentzian spaces result compact , building up spheres , where hopefully some of the problems of the Standard Model could be solved as pointed out in the conclusions .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [12, 14]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [23, 29]}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [21, 40], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},0905.2902,3,4
55,easy,55,"The equation ( [REF] ) is still approximately valid ( since the velocities of all monomers involved into motion are of the same order of magnitude ) , but [MATH] should be integrated in the limits [MATH] , yielding relaxation time for one fold [EQUATION]","The equation ( [REF] ) is still valid , but [MATH] should be replaced by [MATH] and [MATH] should be integrated in the limits [MATH] , yielding relaxation time for one fold [EQUATION]","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 17]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [9, 27], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},cond-mat-0510418,1,2
56,easy,56,"We finally studied the pentaquark spectrum using our framework and found that the masses of the pentaquark states made of ground state heavy-light meson and its chiral partner are similar , and both of them are below the [MATH] threshold , which therefore can not be ruled out by the present data [CITATION] .","We finally studied the pentaquark spectrum using our framework and found that the masses of the pentaquark states made of a ground state heavy-light meson and its chiral partner are similar and both of them are below the [MATH] threshold , which therefore can not be ruled out by the present data [CITATION] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [20, 21]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [30, 31], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1212.5079,1,2
57,easy,57,"For this reason in Fig. [REF] we show the first two principal components ( [MATH] , [MATH] ) for the SAM ensemble of synthetic spectra .","For this reason in Fig. [REF] we show the first two principal components ( [MATH] , [MATH] ) for the semi-analytic model ( SAM ) ensemble of synthetic spectra .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [20, 23]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [24, 25]}}",{},{},astro-ph-0210471,2,3
58,easy,58,"In this procedure the temperature is not constant , but rises according to [MATH] , where the heating rate [MATH] nK/s is the same as before and [MATH] is somewhat lower because of the less complex timing sequence .","Here the temperature is not constant , but rises according to [MATH] , where the heating rate [MATH] nK/s is the same as before and [MATH] is somewhat lower because of the less complex timing sequence .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}}",{},{},0907.3814,1,2
59,easy,59,"In the regime of low accuracy , SCSG is never worse than classical stochastic gradient descent ( SGD ) .","In the regime of low accuracy , SCSG is never worse than the classical stochastic gradient descent ( SGD ) .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [12, 13]}}",{},{},1609.03261,2,3
60,easy,60,The idea of this work is to extend the phase space description of quantum mechanics due to J. Klauder to a much broader framework that we shall call the trajectory approach to quantum dynamics .,The idea of this work is to extend the phase space description of quantum mechanics due to J. Klauder to a significantly broader framework .,"{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [24, 34], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [21, 22], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [21, 22]}}",{},{},1712.04813,1,2
61,easy,61,"In particular , we plot the fraction of Euclidean [MATH] nearest neighbors found , by [MATH] NN in [MATH] -bit and [MATH] -bit LSH [CITATION] and MLH [CITATION] binary codes .","In particular , we plot the fraction of Euclidean [MATH] nearest neighbors found , by [MATH] NN in [MATH] - and [MATH] -bit LSH [CITATION] and MLH [CITATION] binary codes .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [19, 20], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [19, 20]}}",{},{},1307.2982,2,3
62,easy,62,The cooling frequency [MATH] can not be seen from the radio-to-X-ray spectrum .,The cooling frequency [MATH] can not be seen from the radio-to-X-ray spectrum obtained by Galama et al ( 1999 ) .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [12, 20]}}",{},{},astro-ph-9906062,1,2
63,easy,63,"Thus we need to find a suitable weighted function [MATH] , i.e. [MATH] satisfies [EQUATION] where [MATH] .",Thus [MATH] satisfies [EQUATION] where [MATH] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [1, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1310.4021,1,2
64,easy,64,"In order to determine the location of each velocity complex we need to break the kinematic distance ambiguity , i.e. for each complex we need to decide if we assume it to be on the near or the far side of the tangent point .","To determine the location of each velocity complex , we need to break the kinematic distance ambiguity ; that is we need to decide for each complex if we assume it to be on the near or the far side of the tangent point .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 9]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 2], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-other', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [19, 20], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [18, 20]}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [18, 19], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [17, 18]}}",{},{},1308.6112,1,2
65,easy,65,This motivates us to experiment with Transformer models which share the parameters across layers .,This motivates us to experiment with parameter sharing across layers .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 8]}}",{},{},1905.04226,1,2
66,easy,66,"We estimate the normalization factor , [MATH] , as a Monte-Carlo integral , [EQUATION] and dividing the product in [REF] by [MATH] we recover the posterior at time [MATH] .","We estimate the normalization factor , [MATH] , as a Monte-Carlo integral , [EQUATION] and dividing the product in [REF] by [MATH] we recover the posterior density at time [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [26, 27]}}",{},{},1501.06848,1,2
67,easy,67,"We introduce two auxiliary variables [MATH] and [MATH] , that live in the same space as [MATH] and [MATH] , and they are drawn from an auxiliary distribution [MATH] .","We introduce two auxiliary variables [MATH] and [MATH] , that live in the same space as [MATH] and [MATH] , drawn from an auxiliary distribution [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [20, 23], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1703.08520,1,2
68,easy,68,"Recently , a nonparametric modeling approach for forecasting the evolution of the probability density of low-dimensional dynamics was introduced in [CITATION] .","Recently , a nonparametric modeling approach , called the diffusion forecast , for predicting the evolution of the probability density of low-dimensional dynamical system was introduced in [CITATION] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 12]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [13, 14]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [16, 17], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [22, 24]}}",{},{},1501.06848,1,2
69,easy,69,"This specific form for [MATH] , though not completely general , covers a wide array of possibilities and has been considered ( some only in [MATH] ) in may different contexts for a multitude of purposes in the literature [CITATION] .","This specific form for [MATH] , though not completely general , covers a wide array of possibilities and has been considered ( sometimes only in [MATH] ) in may different contexts for a multitude of purposes in the literature [CITATION] .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [22, 23], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [22, 23]}}",{},{},hep-ph-0603242,1,2
70,easy,70,Similar arguments have been employed in [CITATION] and [CITATION] .,Similar arguments have been employed in [CITATION] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1312.0576,1,2
71,easy,71,"We then discuss the implementation of those techniques in MadGraph , using its "" user mode "" option [CITATION] in section 3 .","We then discuss the implementation of those techniques in MadGraph , using its "" user mode "" option [CITATION] in section [REF] .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [21, 22], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [21, 22]}}",{},{},1010.0748,2,3
72,easy,72,This implies that a certain self-product of [MATH] admits an exotic Hodge class that could not be presented as a linear combination of products of divisor classes .,This implies that a certain self-product of [MATH] admits an exotic Hodge class that could not be presented as a linear combinations of products of divisor classes .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [21, 22], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [21, 22]}}",{},{},0907.1563,2,3
73,easy,73,"When the matching scale is chosen such that the decay amplitude with isospin [MATH] is close to its experimental value , the [MATH] meson contributes more than 85 of the total [MATH] amplitude .","When the matching scale is chosen such that the decay amplitude with isospin [MATH] is close to its experimental value , our model including the [MATH] meson contributes up to 80 of the total [MATH] amplitude .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [21, 24]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [25, 28], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [28, 31]}}",{},{},1409.2639,1,2
74,easy,74,"So if system ( [REF] ) - ( [REF] ) has a stationary solution , so does the system ( [REF] ) .","So if system ( [REF] ) - ( [REF] ) has a stationary solution , so does system ( [REF] ) .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [17, 18], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},math-0607050,1,2
75,easy,75,This includes for example sensitivity analysis or parameter optimization tasks such as identification .,This includes for example sensitivity analysis or parameter optimization tasks such as identifiability analysis or estimation .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [12, 13], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [12, 16]}}",{},{},1201.3749,1,2
76,easy,76,"Provided these conditions are fulfilled by [MATH] , it is concluded that [EQUATION] for large [MATH] .","Provided these conditions are satisfied by [MATH] , it is concluded that [EQUATION] for large [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 5], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 5]}}",{},{},quant-ph-0501138,2,3
77,easy,77,"For notational convenience , we will drop the subscript of [MATH] and simply refer this parameter as [MATH] as it is the only bias vector ( we are not considering the other bias [MATH] due to proposition [REF] ) .","For notational convenience , we will drop the subscript of [MATH] and simply refer this parameter as [MATH] since it is the only bias vector ( we are not considering the other bias [MATH] due to remark [REF] ) .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [18, 19], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [18, 19]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [36, 37], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [36, 37]}}",{},{},1605.07145,1,2
78,easy,78,The terms in ( [REF] ) yields the Feynman rules Appendix D .,The terms in ( [REF] ) yields the Feynman rules given in appendix D .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 12]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [10, 11], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [12, 13]}}",{},{},1602.01333,1,2
79,easy,79,"We demonstrate below that also in "" classical "" system ( i.e. , not "" quantum "" ) logarithmically slow glassy dynamics can naturally persist even at vanishing temperature and can lead to the experimentally observed phenomenology .","We demonstrate below that also in a "" classical "" system ( i.e. , not "" quantum "" ) logarithmically slow glassy dynamics can naturally persist even at vanishing temperatures and can lead to the experimentally observed phenomenology .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 7]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [28, 29], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [29, 30]}}",{},{},cond-mat-0006258,2,3
80,easy,80,"Our redshifts catalog is made of a total number of 798 galaxies with the equatorial coordinates in the range [EQUATION] ( B1950.0 , hereafter all coordinates are referred to1950.0 ) .","In total we have selected 798 redshift for galaxies lying in the range : [EQUATION] ( B1950.0 , hereafter all coordinates are referred to1950.0 ) .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [13, 14]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [12, 16], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 10]}}",{},{},astro-ph-9701224,1,2
81,easy,81,"Hence , studying the surface-state evolution across a parameter range for which the band inversion occurs , can give a reliable estimate of the band gap at [MATH] , and thus further elucidate the process of the inversion .","Hence , studying the surface-state evolution across a parameter range for which the band inversion occurs , can give a reliable estimate of the band gap at [MATH] and thus further elucidate the process of the inversion .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [28, 29], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1401.6643,1,2
82,easy,82,"In this paper we always assume [MATH] is absolutely continuous with respect to Lebesgue measure , i.e. according to the Radon-Nikodym theorem , there exits a non-negative function [MATH] satisfying [MATH] .","In this paper we always assume [MATH] is absolutely continuous with respect to Lebesgue measure , i.e. there exits a non-negative function [MATH] satisfying [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [17, 23], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1310.4021,3,4
83,easy,83,"It is possible to arrange this scale-dependene in such a way as to shift the tensor spectral index by a constant , thus mimicking the effect of the collapse mechanism considered here .","It is possible to arrange this scale-dependence in such a way as to shift the tensor spectral index by a constant , thus mimicking the effect of the collapse mechanism considered here .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 7], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 7]}}",{},{},1404.5740,1,2
84,easy,84,"We find typical signal-to-background rates at best at the 1 level , leading to rather pessimistic conclusions regarding detectability via these channels .","We find typical signal-to-background rates at best at the 1 level and without any spectral distortions , leading to rather pessimistic conclusions regarding detectability via these channels .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [11, 16]}}",{},{},1401.1162,1,2
85,easy,85,"For a self-affine interface ( [MATH] ) , the function [MATH] is expected to follow a power law variation [MATH] , where [MATH] is the roughness exponent .","For a self-affine interface , the function [MATH] is expected to follow a power law variation [MATH] , where [MATH] is the roughness exponent .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 7], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1904.03047,1,2
86,easy,86,"[CITATION] At low pressures ( hydrostatic cell , upper panel ) , the sample behaves as previously reported by Ru et al. , [CITATION] although no appreciable local minimum at 10 K has been seen for these initial values of pressure .","At low pressures ( hydrostatic cell , upper panel ) , the sample behaves as previously reported by Ru et al. , [CITATION] although no appreciable local minimum at 10 K has been seen for these initial values of pressure .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},0811.0792,1,2
87,easy,87,"The proof , which appears in Appendix A.1 , involves a standard technique for analyzing sampling without replacement .","The proof , which appears in Appendix [REF] , involves a standard technique for analyzing sampling without replacement .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 8]}}",{},{},1609.03261,1,2
88,easy,88,"In addition to this , we demonstrate how different choices of parameters influence the performace , and can be optimized to significantly improve the final results with respect to e.g. tfit .","In addition to this , we demonstrate how different choices of parameters influence the performace , and can be optimized to significantly improve the final results with respect to tfit , for example .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [30, 31]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [29, 30], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [31, 33]}}",{},{},1505.02516,3,4
89,easy,89,"The final layer does not have an auxiliary model , it is learned with a linear spatial averaging followed by a 2-hidden layer constant depth fully connected network , for all experiments .","The final layer does not have an auxiliary model- it is followed by a pooling and 2-hidden layer fully connected network , for all experiments .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 25], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 18]}}",{},{},1901.08164,1,2
90,easy,90,Then we have [MATH] when [EQUATION],Then we have [MATH] when [MATH] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [5, 6], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 7]}}",{},{},1803.05578,1,2
91,easy,91,"These low frequency fluctuations are necessarily related to the formation of finite-size magnetic domains [CITATION] , corresponding to finite correlation lengths of the magnetic order observed in neutron diffraction .","Such low frequency fluctuations are necessarily related to the formation of finite-size magnetic domains [CITATION] , corresponding to finite correlation lengths of the magnetic order observed in neutron diffraction .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}}",{},{},1710.08173,2,3
92,easy,92,"Evidently in the coordinate representation the Hamiltonian operator is manifestly symmetric when the special biorthogonal basis ( [REF] ) , [EQUATION] is chosen .","Evidently in the coordinate representation the Hamiltonian operator is manifestly [MATH] -symmetric when the special biorthogonal basis ( [REF] ) , [EQUATION] is chosen .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [10, 11], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 12]}}",{},{},quant-ph-0602207,3,4
93,easy,93,"Calibration scans were done every 10 minutes , a pointing every 60 to 90 minutes .",Calibration scans were done every 10 minutes and a pointing every 60 to 90 minutes .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 8]}}",{},{},1308.6112,1,2
94,easy,94,"We joined these genes with the patient ’ s clinical features ( hormone treatment indicator , radiotherapy indicator , chemotherapy indicator , ER-positive indicator , age at diagnosis ) .","We join these genes with the patient ’ s clinical features ( hormone treatment indicator , radiotherapy indicator , chemotherapy indicator , ER-positive indicator , age at diagnosis ) .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [1, 2], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 2]}}",{},{},1810.04247,1,2
95,easy,95,"This conditional distribution is not of a convenient form , so Monte Carlo methods are needed .","This conditional distribution is not of a convenient form , so numerical methods are needed .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 13], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [11, 12]}}",{},{},1406.3521,1,2
96,easy,96,The power posterior method involves transitioning from the prior to the posterior by powering the likelihood by a temperature variable .,The power posterior method involves transitioning from the prior to the posterior by powering the likelihood by an inverse temperature .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [17, 20], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [17, 20]}}",{},{},1209.3198,1,2
97,easy,97,"The last possible charge configuration is when there are two excess electrons in a double quantum dot - state "" 2 "" with occupation probability [MATH] .",The last possible charge configuration is when there are two excess electrons in a double quantum dot ( two-electron ground state ) with occupation probability [MATH] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [17, 22], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [17, 22]}}",{},{},0808.2905,1,2
98,easy,98,The result is displayed in Fig. 3 .,The result is displayed in FIG . 3 .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [5, 6], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 7]}}",{},{},0709.2735,2,3
99,easy,99,"As discussed in Sect. [REF] , we most probably we underestimate the excitation temperature in our calculations above due to sub-beam clumpiness .","As discussed in Sect. [REF] , we most probably underestimate the excitation temperature in our calculations above due to subbeam clumpiness .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [9, 10], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [20, 21], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [19, 20]}}",{},{},1308.6112,1,2
100,easy,100,We ran 1000 of these higher resolution featureless simulations and found that applying both log and linear spaced templates showed the measured ( data ) improvements are in the 90-94 percentile range ( see Fig. [REF] ) .,We ran 1000 of these higher resolution featureless simulations and found that applying both log and linear spaced templates showed the measured ( data ) improvements are in the 90-94 percentile range .,"{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [32, 37], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1308.3705,2,3
101,easy,101,"We also present no-go results showing for two parties each holding 4 Majoranas , all experimental statistics can be produced by a local hidden variable theory .","We also present no-go results showing for two parties holding 4 Majoranas each , all experimental statistics can be produced by a local hidden variable theory .",{},{},{},1305.1953,1,2
102,easy,102,We refer to these new losses as sLL and sLLCAS .,We refer to these new losses as sLL and sKL .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [9, 10], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 10]}}",{},{},1706.04499,1,2
103,easy,103,Equation [REF] is usually refered in the literature as the sinc approximation .,Equation [REF] is usually referred to in the literature as the sinc approximation .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 5], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 6]}}",{},{},1408.1779,1,2
104,easy,104,"Our proof in Section [REF] follows very similar lines to [CITATION] , which is inspired by Nesterov ( see for instance [CITATION] ) .","Our proof in Section [REF] follows very similar lines to [CITATION] , which is inspired by Nesterov [CITATION] .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [17, 21], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [22, 23], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1803.05578,1,2
105,easy,105,The tensor/scalar ratio [MATH] shows a different behaviour .,The tensor/scalar ratio [MATH] shows a different pattern .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 8]}}",{},{},1510.04030,2,3
106,easy,106,"Indeed , by denoting the Bell states as [EQUATION] it can be straightforwardly proved that such a local measurement setting allows to estimate the vector [MATH] pertaining to the projectors onto the following inequivalent bases [EQUATION] with [MATH] real and such that [MATH] .","Furthermore , by denoting the Bell states as [EQUATION] it can be straightforwardly proved that the local measurement settings [MATH] allow to estimate the vector [MATH] pertaining to the projectors onto the following inequivalent bases [EQUATION] with [MATH] real and such that [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [15, 17], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [15, 16]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [19, 21], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [18, 21]}}",{},{},1510.00219,1,2
107,easy,107,We use the linear matter power spectrum multiplied by the halo bias from [CITATION] .,"For [MATH] , we use the linear matter power spectrum multiplied by the halo bias from [CITATION] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 3]}}",{},{},1907.06611,1,2
108,easy,108,"In order to see whether this happens or not , we consider the action without [MATH] and [MATH] for simplicity [EQUATION]","To see whether this happens really or not , we consider the action without [MATH] and [MATH] for simplicity [EQUATION]","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 6]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 2], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1307.8312,1,2
109,easy,109,"Milnor 's work tells us in [CITATION] ( see also [CITATION] ) that there is an epimorphism [EQUATION] where [MATH] denotes the ring produced by the unoriented bordism classes of all smooth closed manifolds , and [MATH] .","Milnor 's work tells us in [CITATION] ( see also [CITATION] ) that there is an epimorphism [EQUATION] here [MATH] denotes the ring produced by the unoriented bordism classes of all smooth closed manifolds , which was studied clearly by Rene Thom [CITATION] , and [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [35, 44]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [18, 19], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [18, 19]}}",{},{},1310.3933,2,3
110,easy,110,For each spectra of the [MATH] CO data cube a Gaussian line profile was fitted .,"For each spectra of the [MATH] CO data cube , a Gaussian line profile was fitted .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 10]}}",{},{},1308.6112,1,2
111,easy,111,"Despite the challenges , due to the practical interest in weather prediction , several techniques , able to process massive datasets , have been devised and implemented operationally in weather forecasting centres worldwide .","Despite the challenges , due to the practical interest in weather prediction , several techniques , able to process massive datasets , have been devised and implemented operationally in weather forecasting centers worldwide .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [31, 32], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [31, 32]}}",{},{},1710.11529,1,2
112,easy,112,"Concerning external validity , this study only targets open source projects written in Java .","Concerning external validity , this study only targets five open source projects written in Java .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 9]}}",{},{},1812.07170,1,2
113,easy,113,"For each such commands , we compute the appropriate cost functions .","For each such command , we compute the appropriate cost functions .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 4]}}",{},{},1707.02387,2,3
114,easy,114,"Especially popular is the spring-block model or the Burridge-Knopoff ( BK ) model [CITATION] , in which an earthquake fault is modeled as an assembly of blocks mutually connected via elastic springs of the spring constant [MATH] which are subject to the friction force and are slowly driven by an external force mimicking the plate drive via another springs of the spring constant [MATH] .","Especially popular is the spring-block model or the Burridge-Knopoff ( BK ) model [CITATION] , in which an earthquake fault is modeled as an assembly of blocks mutually connected via elastic springs which are subject to the friction force and are slowly driven by an external force mimicking the plate drive .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [32, 37], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [56, 64], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1401.3247,1,2
115,easy,115,Fig. [REF] shows an example of a Chimera-RBM ( a ) and a possible embedding of the pixels of an image into its visible units ( b ) .,Fig. [REF] ( a ) shows an example of a Chimera-RBM and Fig. [REF] ( b ) shows a possible embedding of the pixels of an image into its visible units ( cf. Ref. [CITATION] ) .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [12, 14]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [17, 18]}, '2': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [31, 36]}}",{},{},1510.07611,2,3
116,easy,116,"In the random case , [MATH] is taken either as Bernoulli matrix having entries [MATH] with equal probability , or a Gaussian matrix consisting of i.i.d . [MATH] -Gaussian random variables in each entry .","In the random case , [MATH] is taken either as Bernoulli matrix having entries [MATH] appearing with equal probability , or a Gaussian matrix consisting of i.i.d . [MATH] -Gaussian random variables in each entry .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [15, 16]}}",{},{},1805.01605,1,2
117,easy,117,"The good agreement shows that the theory is able to describe the two partial cross sections separately , without the need of some extra parameter .","The good agreement shows that the theory is able to describe the two partial cross sections separately , without the need of some extra parameter , and in agreement with isospin symmetry .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [25, 32]}}",{},{},1712.00969,1,2
118,easy,118,We call such a semi-metal phase with broken time-reversal symmetry a fractionalized ferromagnetic semi-metal ( fFM-SM ) .,We call such a semi-metal phase with broken time reversal symmetry a fractionalized ferromagnetic semi-metal ( F-FMSM ) .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 10]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [15, 16], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [16, 17]}}",{},{},1811.00021,1,2
119,easy,119,Such a quadratic function corresponds to a gas-like vacuum .,Such a quadratic function corresponds to a gas-like vacuum [CITATION] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 10]}}",{},{},0806.2805,1,2
120,easy,120,"For each PE and list separately , [MATH] objects are sampled from the result of the preceding multiselection .","For each PE and list [MATH] separately , [MATH] objects are sampled from [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 6]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [13, 14]}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [12, 18], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1502.03942,1,2
121,easy,121,"Two-body radiative decays can serve as a natural filter to exclude spin-0 candidates of Z particle , as the photon can only be transversely polarized .","Two-body radiative decays can serve as a natural filter to exclude spin-0 candidates of Z particles , as the photon can only be transversely polarized .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [15, 16], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [15, 16]}}",{},{},0711.0497,1,2
122,easy,122,The event selection efficiency is detector-module dependent and energy-dependant .,The event selection efficiency is mainly due to energy-dependent .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 8]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [5, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 9]}}",{},{},1604.01825,1,2
123,easy,123,"For example , the graphs Fig. [REF] ( a ) - ( e ) have a single vertex [MATH] , which couples together [MATH] projectile and [MATH] target cut "" fans "" .","For example , the graphs Fig. [REF] ( a ) - ( e ) have a single vertex [MATH] , which couples together [MATH] projectile and [MATH] target fan-like cut "" net fans "" .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [28, 29]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [31, 32]}}",{},{},hep-ph-0612175,1,2
124,easy,124,"Thus , this effect together with the correction to the Higgs mass lead us to argue that there is some alleviation of the fine tuning problem existing in the MSSM .","Thus , this effect together with the correction to the Higgs mass lead us to argue that there is some alleviation of the fine tuning problem existing in the MSSM with mGMSB .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [30, 32]}}",{},{},1310.6369,3,4
125,easy,125,In this paper we investigate the nonparametric estimation in continuous-state branching processes with immigration .,In this paper we investigate the nonparametric estimation in continuous-state branching processes with immigration ( CBI-processes ) .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [14, 17]}}",{},{},1310.4021,1,2
126,easy,126,The mini-batch settings and proximal settings are also straightforward extensions of our current work .,The proximal settings are also straightforward extensions of our current work .,"{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [1, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1609.03261,1,2
127,easy,127,It would be interesting to investigate what is the impact of this noise in contrast to that due to the estimation of the log-likelihood gradient with a finite number of samples .,It would be interesting to investigate what the impact of this noise is in contrast to that due to the estimation of the log-likelihood gradient with a finite number of samples .,{},{},{},1510.07611,3,4
128,easy,128,Our flux is a factor of 1.7 larger than that reported by [CITATION] .,Our flux is a factor of 1.6 larger than that reported by [CITATION] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 7], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 7]}}",{},{},1402.4794,1,2
129,easy,129,"This obstacle may be overcome using isospin symmetry [CITATION] , which incorporates electroweak penguin contributions at a percent level [CITATION] but does not include small isospin breaking effects .","This obstacle may be overcome using isospin symmetry [CITATION] , which incorporates electroweak penguin contributions at a percent level [CITATION] but does not include small isospin breaking effects [CITATION] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [28, 29]}}",{},{},hep-ph-0410170,2,3
130,easy,130,"For [MATH] , let [MATH] be a test function with [MATH] and [MATH] with [MATH] and [MATH] .","For [MATH] , let [MATH] be a test function with [MATH] , the space of smooth functions vanishing at infinity , [MATH] , and [MATH] with [MATH] and [MATH] defined in the following way [EQUATION]","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [11, 23]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [29, 35]}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [17, 18], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},0811.3360,1,2
131,easy,131,The recent identification of the perpendicular mode of radio polarization as the primary one in the Vela pulsar by Lai et al ( 2001 ) is interpreted in terms of the maser mechanism proposed by Luo Melrose ( 1995 ) .,The recent identification of the perpendicular mode of radio polarization as the primary one in the Vela pulsar by Lai et al. ( 2001 ) is interpreted in terms of the maser mechanism proposed by Luo Melrose ( 1995 ) .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [21, 22], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [21, 22]}}",{},{},astro-ph-0107382,1,2
132,easy,132,"First , it does not depend on the parameter [MATH] of the matter EOS .","First , it does not depend on the parameter [MATH] of the matter EOS ( that is , the asymptotic solution appears to act as an "" attractor , "" which is also confirmed by the numerical results in the next subsection ) .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [14, 43]}}",{},{},0806.2805,1,2
133,easy,133,"For meson structure , this leads to a Hamiltonian with two channels - the ordinary valence quark channel and a new sea quark channel , which is an extension of the quark potential model .","For meson structure , this leads to a Hamiltonian with two channels - the ordinary valence quark channel and a new non-valence quark channel , which is an extension of the quark potential model .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [21, 22], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [21, 22]}}",{},{},hep-ph-0306213,1,2
134,easy,134,"On the other hand , the advantages of using a single fit , and the equivalence of the results obtained with the single fit and the cells-on-objects technique , are evident .","On the other hand , the advantages of using a single fit , and the equivalence of the results obtained with the single-fit and the cells-on-objects techniques , are evident .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [22, 24], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [22, 23]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [27, 28], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [26, 27]}}",{},{},1505.02516,3,4
135,easy,135,"Furthermore , we study the Gibbs function and find characteristic swallow tail behavior , which indicates there is the phase transition .","Furthermore , we study the Gibbs function and find its characteristic swallow tail behavior , which indicates the phase transition .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 10]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [16, 18], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1806.00361,1,2
136,easy,136,A cell seeded in a 3D matrix initially applies tensile tractions to the matrix by undergoing uniform isotropic contraction while in an essentially spherical state .,A cell seeded in a 3D matrix initially applies tensile tractions to the fibers by undergoing uniform isotropic contraction while in an essentially spherical state .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [13, 14], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [13, 14]}}",{},{},1407.3510,1,2
137,easy,137,"These solitonic solutions are naturally related to cosmological solutions by the so called DW/cosmology duality , a sort of analytic continuation , which maps the soliton in a FRW solution [CITATION] .","These solitonic solutions are naturally related to cosmological solutions by the so-called DW/cosmology duality , a sort of analytic continuation , which maps the soliton in a FRW solution [CITATION] .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 13], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [11, 12]}}",{},{},1510.04030,2,3
138,easy,138,We also remark that the synchronous DGL has favorable memory usage compared to DDG and to the DNI method .,"Although not our focus , the single worker version of DGL has favorable memory usage compared to standard backprop training .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 10]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [17, 20]}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 6], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '3': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [13, 19], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1901.08164,1,2
139,easy,139,"One important part of their quantitative arguments is to show the absence of eigenvalues if the frequency can be approximated by a rational number well ( Gordon type potential in one dimension ) , which improved the previous results [CITATION] , obtaining sharp thresholds for the smallness of small denominators in terms of the Lyapunov exponents .","The quantitative arguments for discrete case is to show the absence of eigenvalues if the frequency can be approximated by a rational number well ( Gordon type potential in one dimension ) , which improved the previous results [CITATION] , obtaining sharp thresholds for the smallness of small denominators in terms of the Lyapunov exponents .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 6]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 5], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}}",{},{},1709.05614,1,2
140,easy,140,"We should point out however that these results hold only in the semiclassical diffusion approximation , i.e. , only in the leading order with respect to the inverse conductance [MATH] , which is an independent parameter of the model .","We should point out however that this result holds only in the semiclassical diffusion approximation , i.e. , only in the leading order with respect to the inverse conductance [MATH] , which is an independent parameter of the model .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 9]}}",{},{},cond-mat-0601677,1,2
141,easy,141,"For [MATH] fixed , there exists [MATH] such that [MATH] , then [REF] reads [EQUATION] .","As there exists [MATH] such that [MATH] , then [REF] reads [EQUATION]","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [15, 16], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1112.4147,1,2
142,easy,142,In this work we propose a strategy to overcome one of the main limitations when intending to use a quantum annealer to sample from Boltzmann distributions : the determination of effective temperatures in quantum annealers .,In this work we proposed a strategy to overcome one of the main limitations when intending to use a quantum annealer to sample from Boltzmann distributions : the determination of effective temperatures .,"{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [32, 35], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 5], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 5]}}",{},{},1510.07611,2,3
143,easy,143,"In order to calculate two-body scattering processes with charge or mass transfer , we generalize the formalism to include an additional scattering channel .","In order to calculate two-body scattering processes with charge or mass transfer , we can generalize the formalism to include an additional scattering channel .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [14, 15]}}",{},{},1309.2616,1,2
144,easy,144,"Finally , we qualitatively evaluate our approach on the MPII Human Pose dataset [CITATION] to see success and failure cases in a challenging domain adaptation scenario .","Then , we qualitatively evaluate our approach on the more challenging MPII Human Pose dataset [CITATION] .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [14, 21], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [21, 26], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 11]}}",{},{},1701.01370,1,2
145,easy,145,"To present our convergence results , we define the Lyapunov function : [EQUATION] for [EQUATION]",We define the Lyapunov function : [EQUATION],"{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 6], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [13, 15], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1803.05578,1,2
146,easy,146,Thus ensuring all the classes used are outside the fold used in the test phase .,Thus ensuring all the classes used are outside the fold used in the evaluation phase .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [13, 14], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [13, 14]}}",{},{},1902.11123,3,4
147,easy,147,For example a local detuning of the laser field could induce a rapidly oscillating gauge field .,"For example , a local detuning of the laser field could induce a rapidly oscillating gauge field .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 3]}}",{},{},1106.6035,1,2
148,easy,148,"With the aid of Lemma [REF] , it follows that [EQUATION] that is , [EQUATION]","By the monotonicity result in Lemma [REF] , it follows that [EQUATION] that is , [EQUATION]","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 5]}}",{},{},1312.0576,1,2
149,easy,149,"In all the confidence intervals , I use 5,000 bootstraps repetitions .","All the confidence intervals use 5,000 bootstrap repetitions .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [5, 7], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [9, 10], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 7]}}",{},{},1511.04162,1,2
150,easy,150,A generalized real Bott manifold of is the total space [MATH] of an iterated fiber bundle : [EQUATION] where each [MATH] is the projectivization of a Whitney sum of [MATH] real line bundles over [MATH] .,A generalized real Bott manifold is the total space [MATH] of an iterated fiber bundle : [EQUATION] where each [MATH] is the projectivization of a Whitney sum of [MATH] real line bundles over [MATH] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [5, 6], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1310.3933,2,3
151,easy,151,"We chose to combine the assemblies from the Tophat1-Cufflinks assembly pipeline , that resulted in 1300 more transcript fragements corresponding to an cumulative increase of nearly 0.5million nt in length .",This resulted in 1300 more transcript fragements corresponding to an cumulative increase of nearly 0.5million nt in length .,"{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [12, 13], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}}",{},{},1305.6259,1,2
152,easy,152,"However , this improvement is probably not significant , in view of the estimated 5 relative error .","However , this improvement is probably not significant , in view of the estimated 5 relative error and the neglect of the different numbers of neutrons .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [17, 26]}}",{},{},nucl-ex-0701003,1,2
153,easy,153,We constrain the most likely range of masses for the Milky Way and M31 using an application of the Numerical Action Method ( NAM ) that optimizes the fit to observed parameters over a large ensemble of NAM-generated solutions .,We constrain the most likely range of masses for the Milky Way ( MW ) and M31 using an application of the numerical action method ( NAM ) that optimizes the fit to observed parameters over a large ensemble of NAM-generated solutions .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [12, 15]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [19, 22], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [22, 25]}}",{},{},1306.4013,1,2
154,easy,154,Figure [REF] shows the run-time performance of optimized substrings .,Figure [REF] shows the run-time behavior of optimized substrings as a function of dataset size .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 15]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [5, 6], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 6]}}",{},{},1307.2982,2,3
155,easy,155,"To minimize random error from the random catalog , [MATH] should be used .","To minimize random error from the random catalog , [MATH] should be used ( for a different approach , see [CITATION] ) .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [13, 22]}}",{},{},1905.01133,1,2
156,easy,156,"Specific elements in the definition of accelerating fields , as it will become clear in the next section , distinguish them from the massive fields .",Specific elements in the definition of accelerating fields distinguish them from the massive fields .,"{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 19], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1712.05206,1,2
157,easy,157,"Of all phonon modes [MATH] of the supercell obtained with our first-principles approach [CITATION] , those with Pb character are taken into account , see Fig. 3 and 4 in Ref. [REF] .","Of all phonon modes [MATH] of the supercell obtained with our first-principles approach [CITATION] , those with Pb character are taken into account , see Fig. 6 in Ref. [REF] .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [26, 29], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [26, 27]}}",{},{},1908.06119,1,2
158,easy,158,"Conversely , for the same physical system , different choices can be made for the time-scales that are mapped to physical values .","Conversely , for the same physical system , different choices can be made for the time-scales that are mapped to physical values , but by design , not all time-scales can be simultaneously resolved .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [22, 34]}}",{},{},cond-mat-0603391,1,2
159,easy,159,"Nevertheless , we may consider possibilities of that kind by combining multiple alignments as described in B ( Section 7.8.7 ) .","Nevertheless , we may consider possibilities of that kind by combining multiple alignments as described in BK ( Section 7.8.7 ) .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [16, 17], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [16, 17]}}",{},{},1306.3888,1,2
160,easy,160,"Assuming that the TeV gamma-ray production region is located at a distance from the companion star of [MATH] cm ( i.e. the binary system size ) , and taking into account that gamma-rays are produced in deep Klein-Nishina ( KN ) regime with significantly suppressed cross-section , for the well known luminosity of the optical star [MATH] , one can estimate quite robustly the strength of the emitter magnetic field .","Assuming that the TeV gamma-ray production region is located at a distance from the companion star of [MATH] cm ( i.e. the binary system size ) , and taking into account that gamma-rays are produced in the deep Klein-Nishina ( KN ) regime with significantly suppressed cross-section , for the well known luminosity of the optical star [MATH] , one can estimate quite robustly the strength of the magnetic field in the emission region .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [36, 37]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [67, 68], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [70, 74]}}",{},{},0812.3358,1,2
161,easy,161,Up to 70 drop is expected when an atom is coupled to the band edge mode of a photonic crystal waveguide as recently demonstrated in an experiment [CITATION] ; similar feedback can also be achieved by coupling to a resonator of high quality factor and moderate mode volume [CITATION] .,Up to 70 drop is expected when an atom is coupled to the band edge mode of a photonic crystal waveguide as recently demonstrated in an experiment [CITATION] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [28, 49], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1810.08769,1,2
162,easy,162,"In the PandaX-I detector , both S1 and S2 light collections are dominated by the bottom 3-in PMTs , read out by five V1724 modules , each with its own 100 MHz MAJ output ( Sec. [REF] ) .","In the PandaX-I detector , both S1 and S2 light collections are dominated by the bottom 3-inch PMTs , read out by five V1724 modules , each with its own 100 MHz MAJ output ( Sec. [REF] ) .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [16, 17], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [16, 17]}}",{},{},1602.00858,1,2
163,easy,163,These are the dotted lines in the bottom panels of figures [REF] and [REF] .,These are the dotted lines in the bottom panels of figures [REF] through [REF] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [12, 13], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [12, 13]}}",{},{},1007.1599,1,2
164,easy,164,Degradation of an undulator brightness is determined by its local optics distortion which can be evaluated with Eq. [REF] .,Degradation of an undulatorís brightness is determined by its local optics distortion which can be evaluated with Eq. [REF] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 4]}}",{},{},1904.05683,2,3
165,easy,165,Now we present the basic setup and some materials in random dynamical systems .,We now present some basics of random dynamical systems .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 10], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 6]}}",{},{},math-0607050,1,2
166,easy,166,"If we can apply a similarity transform involving the inverse square root of the norm matrix , [MATH] , then in the new basis the adiabatic Hamiltonian is Hermitian , [EQUATION]","If we apply a similarity transform involving the inverse square root of the norm matrix , [MATH] , then in the new basis the adiabatic Hamiltonian is Hermitian , [EQUATION]","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1309.2616,1,2
167,easy,167,"This occurs when ( and only when ) the conserved density is a total [MATH] -derivative and the flux is a total [MATH] -derivative , related by [EQUATION] for all formal solutions [MATH] of equation [REF] , where [MATH] is some function of [MATH] , [MATH] , [MATH] and derivatives of [MATH] .","This occurs when ( and only when ) the conserved density is a total [MATH] -derivative and the flux is a total [MATH] -derivative , related by [EQUATION] for all solutions [MATH] of equation [REF] , where [MATH] is some function of [MATH] , [MATH] , [MATH] and derivatives of [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [30, 31], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1412.4415,1,2
168,easy,168,"In this paper , we clarify some middle ground between these two results by eliminating involutions from simple groups of finite Morley rank which are definable embedded in a linear group over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero , and are not Zariski closed themselves .","In this paper , we clarify some middle ground between these two results by eliminating involutions from simple groups which are definably embedded in a linear group over an algebraically closed field in a structure of finite Morley rank , and which are not Zariski closed themselves .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [32, 35]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [41, 42]}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [36, 39], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [25, 26], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [21, 22]}}",{},{},0801.3958,1,2
169,easy,169,The modulation characteristics of the current [MATH] with gate voltage also change at this point from being 2e-periodic for [MATH] V to e-periodic for [MATH] V .,The modulation characteristics of the current [MATH] with gate voltage also changes at this point from being 2e-periodic for [MATH] V to e-periodic for [MATH] V .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [11, 12]}}",{},{},cond-mat-0305190,1,2
170,easy,170,"As observed in that paper , this leaves open the question of whether tight quantum teleportation is possible in the case of a finite group of reference frame transformations .","As observed in that paper , this leaves open the question of whether quantum teleportation is possible in the case of a finite group of reference frame transformations , without additional resources or prior communication .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [28, 35]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [13, 14], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1603.08866,2,3
171,easy,171,The large emittance is often affecting the transmission of the ions in the beam line and depending on the requirements of the experimental setup cooling may be required .,"The large emittance is often affecting the transmission of the ions in the beam line and , depending on the requirements of the experimental setup , cooling may be required .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [16, 17]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [25, 26]}}",{},{},0709.3670,1,2
172,easy,172,"In particular , we have finished an analogy between the charged AdS black holes in the rainbow gravity in extending phase space and the liquid-gas system .","In particular , an analogy between the charged AdS black holes in the rainbow gravity and the liquid-gas system is discussed .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [18, 22], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 6], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [19, 21]}}",{},{},1806.00361,1,2
173,easy,173,The solutions are characterized by the condition [MATH] for which the late time solution is [MATH] .,The solutions are characterized by the condition [MATH] for which the late time ( fixed point ) solution is [MATH] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [13, 17]}}",{},{},gr-qc-0601086,2,3
174,easy,174,The most plausible scenario for the magnetic intensity lies in between scenarios B and C in Figs. [REF] and [REF] .,The most plausible scenario for the magnetic intensity lies in between scenarios B and C in Fig. [REF] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [18, 20], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [16, 17], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [16, 17]}}",{},{},1710.08173,2,3
175,easy,175,A set-constraint atom is a constraint of the form [MATH] .,A set constraint atom is a constraint of the form [MATH] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [1, 2], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 3]}}",{},{},1905.09423,1,2
176,easy,176,"[MATH] is the normalized masked proxy for class [MATH] , [MATH] is the previously learned 1x1 convolutional filter at resolution [MATH] , while [MATH] is the adapted one .","Here [MATH] is the normalized masked proxy for class [MATH] , [MATH] is the previously learned 1x1 convolutional filter at resolution [MATH] , [MATH] is the updated [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [22, 23], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [26, 28], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [26, 28]}}",{},{},1902.11123,3,4
177,easy,177,"But transport of a physical charge around a non-trivial cycle does not leave the field strength invariant , and so the probe charge is an inadequate description .","But transport of a physical charge around a nontrivial cycle does not leave the field strength invariant , and so the probe charge is an inadequate description .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 9]}}",{},{},1211.4024,2,3
178,easy,178,"Already in 1988 Mellier et al. ( 1988 ) , by analysing the isopleths within a 2-D map of the cluster had suggested the existence of [MATH] density peaks .","Under this respect , it is worth mentioning that already in 1988 Mellier et al. ( 1988 ) , by analysing the isopleths within a 2-D map of the cluster had suggested the possible existence of [MATH] density peaks .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 9]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [33, 34]}}",{},{},astro-ph-9701224,1,2
179,easy,179,The above methods can not be trivially extended to continue adaptation whilst processing a continuous stream of data with multiple classes .,They can not be trivially extended to continue adaptation whilst processing a continuous stream of data with multiple classes .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-other', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}}",{},{},1902.11123,3,4
180,easy,180,For a small number of coil activations ( see Fig. [REF] ) the random schemes outperform the deterministic scheme for the Smiley-phantom and tumor phantom .,For a small number of coil activations the random schemes slightly outperform the deterministic scheme for the smiley-phantom and tumor phantom .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 11]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [21, 22], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [17, 18]}}",{},{},1805.01605,1,2
181,easy,181,Capturing the joint statistics of different components of the SOA likelihood is key to modeling intra-class variability of objects or scene categories .,Capturing the joint statistics of different components of the SOA likelihood is key to modeling intra-class variability of object or scene categories .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [18, 19], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [18, 19]}}",{},{},1412.6607,3,4
182,easy,182,The polarized neutron diffraction experiment we discuss here is very challenging [CITATION] .,The PND experiment we discuss here is very challenging [CITATION] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [1, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 2]}}",{},{},1710.08173,1,2
183,easy,183,All tests have been run using ideal ( i.e. synthetic and symmetric ) PSFs and kernels .,All tests were run using ideal ( i.e. synthetic and symmetric ) PSFs and kernels .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 3]}}",{},{},1505.02516,3,4
184,easy,184,"Using that reference , the minimum resolvable timing jitter of a fs-pulse train at an analysis frequency [MATH] is in 1Hz resolution bandwidth : [EQUATION]","Using this formalism , the minimum resolvable timing jitter of a fs-pulse train is at 1Hz resolution bandwidth and an analysis frequency [MATH] : [EQUATION]","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [1, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 3]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [19, 20], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [14, 15]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [13, 14], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [18, 19]}}",{},{},1401.3528,1,2
185,easy,185,"Our approach makes use of the fact that the asymmetry depends in first order only on the shower geometry , which can be reconstructed independent from the LDF by arrival time measurements .","Our approach makes use of the fact that the asymmetry to first order only depends on the shower geometry , which can be reconstructed independently from the LDF by arrival time measurements .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 11]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [24, 25], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [24, 25]}}",{},{},1509.05652,1,2
186,easy,186,"Lartillot and Philippe ( 2006 ) discuss very similar ideas in the phylogenetics literature , although using Simpson 's rule for the numerical integration ; they use equally spaced temperatures between 0 and 1 .","Lartillot and Philippe ( 2006 ) discuss very similar ideas in the phylogenetics literature , although using Simpson 's rule for the numerical integration ; they use equally spaced inverse temperatures between 0 and 1 .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [29, 30]}}",{},{},1209.3198,1,2
187,easy,187,"Finally , by analyzing all arguments in this paper , the time-varying posterior matching scheme approach might be applied for other Gaussian and non-Gaussian multiuser channels to achieve optimal performances .","Finally , by analyzing all arguments in the theorem I , the time-varying posterior matching scheme approach in this paper might be applied for other Gaussian and non-Gaussian multiuser channels to achieve optimal performances .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 10]}}",{},{},1204.4249,3,4
188,easy,188,One also defines the partial spectral functions [CITATION] : [EQUATION],One also defines the partial spectral functions as [CITATION] : [EQUATION],"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 8]}}",{},{},1712.00969,1,2
189,easy,189,In this letter we report the first experimental observation of the cooling of a mirror by feedback control via radiation pressure .,In this letter we report the first experimental observation of the cooling of a mirror by feedback control .,"{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [18, 21], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},quant-ph-9903094,1,2
190,easy,190,"The companion is thus not the source of either the red or blue broad line systems ; SDSS J153636.22+044127.0 can not be explained as a chance superposition of objects , or as an ejected black hole .",The companion is thus not the source of either the red or blue broad line systems ; SDSS J153636.22+044127.0 is highly unlikely to be a chance superposition of objects or an ejected black hole .,"{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [29, 30], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [31, 32], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [19, 24], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [19, 24]}}",{},{},0906.0020,1,2
191,easy,191,This enables the output of our contexter to vary according to the target-side translation history .,This enables the output of the RNN to change in accordance with the target-side translation history .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [5, 7], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 7]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 9]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [9, 11], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 12]}}",{},{},1607.08725,1,2
192,easy,192,"This nice feature does not hold true anymore once we have non-trivial lateral connections in one of the layers , which is the concept behind more powerful general BMs , and where we think it is one for the most promising direction to explore with the quantum-assisted training ( QuAT ) algorithms .","This feature does not hold true anymore once we have non-trivial lateral connections in one of the layers , which is the concept behind more powerful Boltzmann machines .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [1, 2], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [29, 52], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [27, 29], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [26, 28]}}",{},{},1510.07611,2,3
193,easy,193,The redshifts for 243 galaxies have been kindly provided us by the new redshifts survey by CD96 .,The redshifts for 243 galaxies have been kindly provided to us in electronic form by J. Colless and come from the new redshifts survey by CD96 .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 10]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [11, 19]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [10, 11], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [19, 20]}}",{},{},astro-ph-9701224,1,2
194,easy,194,Hence we conclude that the wave functions we use are sufficiently realistic and can be used for the calculation of the transparency in the [MATH] reactions .,Hence we conclude that the wave functions we use are sufficiently realistic to estimate the integral quantity entering the denominator of ( [REF] ) in the calculation of the transparency in the [MATH] reactions .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [12, 24]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-other', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [12, 17], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [24, 25]}}",{},{},hep-ph-0011088,1,2
195,easy,195,"Among all the Faceness-Net variants , Faceness-Net-SP-RP achieves the best performance with a high average precision of [MATH] .","Among all the Faceness-Net variants , Faceness-Net-SP-TP achieves the best performance with a high average precision of [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 7], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 7]}}",{},{},1701.08393,1,2
196,easy,196,"As mentioned , practical detection , if any , would become possible only in the acceleration phase .","Practical detection , if any , would become possible in the acceleration phase .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [12, 13], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1401.3247,1,2
197,easy,197,"A scatter plot ( not shown ) shows no clear trend , but a slight preponderance of positive Poynting fluxes is ( barely ) discernible .","A scatter plot of signed [MATH] with [MATH] ( not shown ) shows no clear trend , but a slight preponderance of positive Poynting fluxes is ( barely ) discernible .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 8]}}",{},{},1402.4794,1,2
198,easy,198,"The absolue values of the cell parameters , however , depend linearly on the strontium content [MATH] , in agreement with Vegard 's law ( see Fig. [REF] ) .","The absolute values of the cell parameters depend linearly on the strontium content x , in agreement with Vegard 's law ( see Fig. [REF] ) .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 10], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [1, 2], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 2]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [16, 17], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [13, 14]}}",{},{},1302.2461,2,3
199,easy,199,"In this paper , using the same approach as Ofer Shayevitz and Meir Feder used for point-to-point memoryless channels , we propose a posterior matching based encoding and decoding strategy for real Gaussian MAC channels , referred to as a time-varying posterior matching scheme , analyze the error probabilities for all encoding-decoding schemes designed by using these strategies .","In this paper , using the same approach as Ofer Shayevitz and Meir Feder used for point-to-point memoryless channels , we propose a posterior matching based encoding and decoding strategy for the real Gaussian MAC channel , referred to as a time-varying posterior matching scheme , analyze the error probabilities for all encoding-decoding schemes designed by using these strategies .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [31, 32]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [34, 35], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [35, 36]}}",{},{},1204.4249,2,3
200,easy,200,Chaotic inflationary models are not obviously natural in the context of effective field theories precisely because of the requirement that the potential be sufficiently flat over super-Planckian field distances .,Chaotic inflationary models are not obviously natural in the context of effective field theory precisely because of the requirement that the potential be sufficiently flat over super-Planckian field distances .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [13, 14], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [13, 14]}}",{},{},1211.4024,1,2
201,easy,201,"Onnela et al. ( [CITATION] , [CITATION] ) refer to the notion of motif defining it as a set ( ensemble ) of topologically equivalent subgraphs of a network .","Onnela et al. [CITATION] refer to the notion of motif , defining it as a set ( ensemble ) of topologically equivalent subgraphs of a network .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 11]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 6], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1712.01561,2,3
202,easy,202,"Because the CPE is time-scale invariant , the two constants [MATH] and [MATH] are not uniquely determined because the same physics is described by using instead for any number [MATH] the magnitude constant [MATH] and the characteristic time [MATH] .","Because the CPE is time-scale invariant , the constants [MATH] and [MATH] are not uniquely determined since the same physics is described by using instead for any number [MATH] the magnitude constant [MATH] and the characteristic time [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [17, 18], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [16, 17]}}",{},{},1701.05086,1,2
203,easy,203,"In our model dynamics , [MATH] at low temperatures behaves according to the known logarithmic interpolation formula ( see Ref. [CITATION] ) found in experiments [CITATION] , namely : [MATH] .","As shown in the upper inset of Fig. [REF] , in our model dynamics [MATH] at low temperatures behaves according to the known logarithmic interpolation formula ( see Ref. [CITATION] ) found in experiments [CITATION] , namely : [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 10]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 5], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},cond-mat-0006258,2,3
204,easy,204,The calculated transparency curve that was provided with the Si : Zr SPF was used to calculate the EUV spectrum after transmission through the SPF ( See Fig. [REF] ) .,The calculated transparency curve that was provided with the Si : Zr SPF was used to calculate the EUV spectrum after transmission through the SPF ( See Fig. [REF] blue curve ) .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [29, 31]}}",{},{},1507.02705,1,2
205,easy,205,"Corrections to the ground-state mean-field energy given by the zero-point fluctuations of the Bogolyubov modes have been also investigated following the procedure outlined in Ref. [CITATION] and we found that the [MATH] condensate has a larger energy compared to the [MATH] condensate , of the order of 1 pK ( see Supplemental Material for further details ) .","Corrections to the ground-state mean-field energy given by the zero-point fluctuations of the Bogolyubov modes have been also investigated following the procedure outlined in Ref. [CITATION] and we found that the [MATH] condensate has a larger energy compared to the [MATH] condensate , of the order of 1 pK [CITATION] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [49, 50]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [49, 57], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1604.06055,1,2
206,easy,206,"It follows that the approximate expressions [REF] can only be used in a regime of very large [MATH] , for which we do not have a direct access to observations .","It follows that the approximate expressions [REF] can only be used in a regime of very large [MATH] , for which we do not have a direct access to observations , and , therefore , in the following we will be using expressions [REF] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [30, 44]}}",{},{},1510.04030,2,3
207,easy,207,Attribute-aware networks trained without sharing representation require fewer number of proposals but with a detection rate typically lower than [MATH] ( given 150-200 proposals ) .,Attribute-aware networks trained without sharing representation require a fewer number of proposals but with a detection rate typically lower than [MATH] ( given 150-200 proposals ) .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 8]}}",{},{},1701.08393,1,2
208,easy,208,To demonstrate the validity of our qualitative analysis we need to show that the self-consistent suppression of the order parameter does not appreciably change our result .,We now show that the self-consistent suppression of the order parameter does not appreciably change our result .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 2]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [9, 11], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},cond-mat-0206183,1,2
209,easy,209,For this purpose we use the following lateral distribution function : [EQUATION],"For this purpose we use the following lateral distribution function : [EQUATION] with the amplitude [MATH] after correction for the azimuthal asymmetry and for the geomagnetic angle as function of axis distance [MATH] , and the fitted scale parameter [MATH] , which is the amplitude at the axis distance [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [12, 51]}}",{},{},1509.05652,1,2
210,easy,210,"This is naturally implemented as the cancellation between the top-quark , Goldstone and Higgs contributions , and thus an extra condition on the mass of the Higgs boson is obtained .","This latter cancellation is naturally implemented as the cancellation among the top-quark , Goldstone and Higgs contributions .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 3]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [15, 30], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 10]}}",{},{},1201.3968,2,3
211,easy,211,This work spurred vigorous interest in the area ( see [CITATION] for an excellent survey ) .,This initial work spurred vigorous interest in the area ( see [CITATION] for an excellent survey ) .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 2]}}",{},{},1605.04486,1,2
212,easy,212,We go on to show that there exists an absolute constant [MATH] such that [MATH] random elements [MATH] suffice to construct a set of involutions that generate a group containing the last term in the derived series of [MATH] .,"We show that there exists an absolute constant [MATH] such that given a strong involution [MATH] , a set of [MATH] random elements [MATH] suffices to construct a set of involutions that generates a group containing the last term in the derived series of [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [11, 20]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [1, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [18, 19], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [24, 25]}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [26, 27], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [32, 33]}}",{},{},1812.01362,1,2
213,easy,213,"When the nucleus diameter exceeds another critical nucleation length [MATH] , the fault eventually exhibits a high-speed rupture of a mainshock .","When the nucleus diameter exceeds another nucleation length [MATH] , the fault eventually exhibits a high-speed rupture of a mainshock .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 7], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1401.3247,1,2
214,easy,214,"Note , that the measured frequency [MATH] is twice the oscillation frequency of the wire [MATH] , as mentioned before .",As mentioned above the measured frequency [MATH] corresponds to twice the oscillation frequency of the wire [MATH] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [16, 17], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 9]}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [19, 20], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 3]}}",{},{},0907.5490,1,2
215,easy,215,An approximation to the reflection coefficient ( [REF] ) corresponding to the solution of ( [REF] ) is obtained with a fourth order Taylor expansion of the matrix exponential .,"For finite values of [MATH] , the reflection coefficient ( [REF] ) corresponding to the solution of ( [REF] ) is obtained by calculating the proper matrix exponential .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 6]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [25, 26]}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [19, 26], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [22, 24]}}",{},{},physics-0510150,1,2
216,easy,216,"Besides the yield ratios in the model standard evolution , the corresponding ratios from evolution with suppressed fusion processes are shown in parenthesis in Table [REF] for [MATH] MeV .","Besides the yield ratios in the standard model evolution , the corresponding ratios from the evolution with suppressed fusion processes are given in parenthesis in Table [REF] for [MATH] MeV .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [14, 15]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [20, 21], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [21, 22]}}",{},{},nucl-th-0505049,1,2
217,easy,217,The foundations of the current ' standard model ' of cosmology date back to the 1930s when there was essentially no data available .,The foundations of the current standard model of cosmology date back nearly a century to when there was essentially no data available .,"{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [5, 6], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [14, 16], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [11, 14]}}",{},{},1808.04597,2,3
218,easy,218,"A significant quantitative change of [MATH] when excluding the spin-dependent part from the exchange coupling in eq. [REF] has already been mentioned in Ref. ohno , but detailed results have n't been published yet .","A significant quantitative change of [MATH] when excluding the spin-dependent part from the exchange coupling in eq. [REF] has already been mentioned in Ref. ohno , but detailed results have not been published yet .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [30, 31], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [30, 31]}}",{},{},cond-mat-0411186,1,2
219,easy,219,"The coordinates [MATH] are nuisance features also drawn from a binary "" fair "" Bernoulli distribution .","The coordinates [MATH] are nuisance features , also drawn from a binary "" fair "" Bernoulli distribution .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 7]}}",{},{},1810.04247,2,3
220,easy,220,"Among these models of zero ground state entropy density , a very important and valuable model is that proposed by Goldstein etc. [CITATION] , which near horizon geometry is Lifshitz-like .","Among these models of zero ground state entropy density , a very important and valuable model is that proposed by Goldstein et al. [CITATION] .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [23, 30], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [21, 22], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [21, 23]}}",{},{},1201.2485,1,2
221,easy,221,"Li White 2008 confirmed that the TA method used on mock galaxies drawn from the Millennium Run ( Springel et al. 2005 ) systematically underestimates the true mass , and revised the TA method to predict a LG mass of [MATH] .","Li White ( 2008 ) confirmed that the TA method used on mock galaxies drawn from the Millennium Run ( Springel et al. 2005 ) systematically underestimates the true mass , and revised the TA method to predict a LG mass of [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 3]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 5]}}",{},{},1306.4013,1,2
222,easy,222,"We introduce outer expectation [MATH] of a process [MATH] , where [MATH] is the space of all continuous functions [MATH] ( representing possible evolutions of prices of some financial asset ) , which may be interpreted as the superhedging cost of not only the terminal value of [MATH] , i. e. [MATH] , but of any value [MATH] , where [MATH] is a stopping time such that [MATH] .","We introduce outer expectation [MATH] of a process [MATH] , where [MATH] is the space of all continuous functions [MATH] ( representing possible evolutions of prices of [MATH] financial assets ) , which may be interpreted as the superhedging cost of not only the terminal value of [MATH] , i. e. [MATH] , but of any value [MATH] , where [MATH] is a stopping time such that [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [27, 30], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [27, 30]}}",{},{},1807.05692,3,4
223,easy,223,"A current opposed to the waves enlarges the ellipse towards higher wavenumbers , while a following current will lead to a ' sampling ' of shorter wave numbers and longer bottom features .","A current opposed to the waves enlarges the ellipse towards higher wavenumbers , while a following current will lead to a ' sampling ' of shorter wave numbers , i.e. bottom features of larger scales .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-other', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [28, 30]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [28, 30], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [32, 35]}}",{},{},physics-0510150,1,2
224,easy,224,Details on this as well as our implementation are given at the end of this section .,Details on this as well as our algorithm are given at the end of this section .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 8]}}",{},{},1610.04648,1,2
225,easy,225,"Physically , this structure arises because the time reversal operator [MATH] transforms molecular spinors as [EQUATION] in which [MATH] and [MATH] are the spinors in the "" [MATH] "" and "" [MATH] "" irreducible representations , respectively ; using them , it follows naturally for a time-reversal symmetric operator [MATH] ( such as the Fock operator ) that [EQUATION] hence the structure in Eq. [REF] .","Physically , this structure arises because the time reversal operator [MATH] transforms molecular spinors as [EQUATION] where [MATH] and [MATH] are said to be Kramers partners ; using them , it follows naturally for a time-reversal symmetric operator [MATH] ( such as the Fock operator ) that [EQUATION] hence the structure in Eq. [REF] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [21, 26]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [22, 37], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [16, 18], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [16, 17]}}",{},{},1512.08934,1,2
226,easy,226,"This , in turn , implies that for given kinematics contribution of the large excitation energies ( [MATH] ) which is predominantly due to the short range correlations is also insignificant .","This , in turn , implies that for a given kinematics the contribution of the large excitation energies ( [MATH] ) , which is predominantly due to the short range correlations , is also insignificant .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 9]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [11, 12]}, '2': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [21, 22]}, '3': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [31, 32]}}",{},{},hep-ph-0011088,1,2
227,easy,227,Our prediction is in the agreement with the results of other theoretical studies which give the rate for [MATH] to be equal [CITATION] or even larger than the rate for [MATH] decay [CITATION] .,Our prediction is in agreement with the results of other theoretical studies which give the rate for [MATH] to be equal [CITATION] or even larger than the rate for [MATH] decay [CITATION] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 5], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},hep-ph-0408300,1,2
228,easy,228,The method presented in Section [REF] uses an iterative approach to the computation of [MATH] .,The method presented in Section 2 uses an iterative approach to the computation of [MATH] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [5, 6], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 6]}}",{},{},1008.4414,2,3
229,easy,229,The consistency conditions ( [REF] ) translate into [EQUATION] for the two functions [MATH] defined in the interval [MATH] .,The consistency conditions ( [REF] ) result in [EQUATION] for the two functions [MATH] defined in the interval [MATH] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 8]}}",{},{},0805.3481,1,2
230,easy,230,"As our second example , we consider Fourier modes of the Lorenz-96 ( L96 ) model [CITATION] in various chaotic regimes .","As our test example , we consider Fourier modes of the Lorenz-96 ( L96 ) model [CITATION] in various chaotic regimes .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 3]}}",{},{},1501.06848,1,2
231,easy,231,Our total energy difference between the phases is [MATH] meV and much smaller than the numerical accuracy of the code .,Our total energy difference between the phases is [MATH] meV and much smaller than the numerical accuracy of the code ( [MATH] meV ) .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [20, 24]}}",{},{},cond-mat-0610066,1,2
232,easy,232,"We ( f ) show that the decoupled greedy learning can well outperform competing methods in terms of scalability to larger and deeper models and stability to optimization hyper-parameters , allowing it to be applied to large datasets .","( f ) We show that DGL can outperform competing methods in terms of scalability to larger and deeper models and stability to optimization hyperparameters , allowing it to be applied to large datasets .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 10], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 7]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [28, 29], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [24, 25]}}",{},{},1901.08164,1,2
233,easy,233,The most efficient way for Ly [MATH] to escape from the compact star forming regions is due to scattering of the photons by the entrained neutral hydrogren .,The most efficient way for Ly [MATH] to escape from the compact star forming regions is due to scattering of the photons by the entrained neutral hydrogen .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [26, 27], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [26, 27]}}",{},{},astro-ph-0605019,1,2
234,easy,234,"We base our arguments only on the well established connection between families of 1D tight binding models with periodic modulation and 2D IQH topology [CITATION] , and comment on implications for the classification of families of 1D quasicrystals , noting that a single 1D quasiperiodic model is topologically trivial .",We base our arguments only on the well established connection between families of 1D tight binding models with periodic modulation and 2D IQH topology [CITATION] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [25, 49], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1311.0882,1,2
235,easy,235,"Moreover , the quotient space of [MATH] by the Seidel-Thomas braid group [MATH] is the ' right ' stability space for the higher cluster category [MATH] ( see Remark [REF] ) .","Moreover , the quotient space of [MATH] by the Seidel-Thomas braid group [MATH] is the ' right ' space of stability conditions for the higher cluster category [MATH] ( see Remark [REF] ) .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [18, 20], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [18, 22]}}",{},{},1111.1010,1,2
236,easy,236,The present article studies the influence of a thin obstacle on the motion of a three-dimensional incompressible viscous flow .,"The present article is devoted to the stability of the Navier-Stokes equations when one obstacle shrinks to a curve or a surface , and to determine the influence of a thin obstacle on the motion of a three-dimensional incompressible viscous flow .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 25]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [25, 26]}}",{},{},1112.4147,1,2
237,easy,237,The primary hadron and resonance yields of each of the hadron species included in the analysis are calculated according to Eq. ( [REF] ) .,The mean primary hadron and resonance yields of each of the hadron species included in the analysis are calculated according to Eq. ( [REF] ) .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 2]}}",{},{},1005.0500,1,2
238,easy,238,"Another issue with these methods is that most of the existing approaches except for [CITATION] require standard ( "" batch "" ) gradient descent and are thus difficult to scale .","Another issue with ADMM methods is that most of the existing approaches except for [CITATION] require standard ( "" batch "" ) gradient descent and are thus difficult to scale .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 4]}}",{},{},1901.08164,1,2
239,easy,239,"However , these papers use a master-worker approach where a centralized master communicates with the individual nodes .","However , these papers use a master-worker approach where all communication has to go over a master node .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [9, 17], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 18]}}",{},{},1502.03942,1,2
240,easy,240,Note that Keller [CITATION] also spotted this phenomenon and proved a more remarkable quantum dilogarithm identities via mutation of quivers with potential .,Note that Keller [CITATION] also spotted this phenomenon and proved a more remarkable quantum dilogarithm identities via mutation of quivers with potential ( cf. [CITATION] ) .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [22, 26]}}",{},{},1111.1010,2,3
241,easy,241,We decided to restrict to Chimera-RBM for two reasons .,We decided to focus on the learning of a Chimera-RBM for two reasons .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 9]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 5], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 5]}}",{},{},1510.07611,2,3
242,easy,242,"We model mixed-state quantum theory using the CPM construction [CITATION] , and the full quantum-classical theory using the dagger-idempotent variant of the CP* construction [CITATION] presented in Ref. [CITATION] , which results in quantum-classical transitions governed by a generalised categorical flavour of the Born rule .","We model mixed-state quantum theory using the CPM construction [CITATION] , and the full quantum-classical theory using the dagger-idempotent variant of the CP* construction presented in Ref. [CITATION] ( instead of the one from Refs. [CITATION] ) , which results in quantum-classical transitions governed by a categorical flavour of the Born rule .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [28, 37]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [24, 25], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [38, 39], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1703.10576,1,2
243,easy,243,"With respect to the direction of the abnormally high flow reported by 6dFGSv , the largest and most homogeneous peculiar velocity sample of nearly 9000 galaxies [CITATION] , 103 SNe Ia are in the upper hemisphere while 637 are in the lower hemisphere .","With respect to the direction of the abnormally high flow reported by 6dFGSv , the largest and most homogeneous peculiar velocity sample of nearly 9000 galaxies , 103 SNe Ia are in the upper hemisphere while 637 are in the lower hemisphere .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [26, 27], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1808.04597,2,3
244,easy,244,"However , it can be mathematically shown that the "" arbitrary cells "" method intrinsecally causes the introduction of errors in the fit , as soon as a source is excluded from the cell ( e.g. , because its center is outside the cell ) but contributes with some flux in some of its pixels .","However , it can be mathematically shown that the "" arbitrary cells "" method intrinsically causes the introduction of errors in the fit , as soon as a source is excluded from the cell ( e.g. because its centre is outside the cell ) , but contributes with some flux in some of its pixels .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [14, 15], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [14, 15]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [39, 40], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [38, 39]}}",{},{},1505.02516,3,4
245,easy,245,"These individual effects are regularized through an [MATH] penalty which shrinks them towards a common value.asnounLamarche proposes an optimal way to choose the corresponding penalty parameter to optimize the asymptotic efficiency of the common parameters of the conditional quantile function , see [CITATION] for an extension of this approach .","These individual effects are regularized through an [MATH] penalty which shrinks them towards a common value.asnounLamarche proposes an optimal way to choose the corresponding penalty parameter in order to optimize the asymptotic efficiency of the common parameters of the conditional quantile function , see [CITATION] for an extension of this approach .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [26, 28]}}",{},{},1801.05041,1,2
246,easy,246,"Comparing the predicted emission from our semi-analytic model to that obtained by means of our scaling relations , we find that the gamma-ray scaling relations underpredict , by up to an order of magnitude , the flux from cool core clusters .","Comparing the predicted emission from our semi-analytic model to that obtained by means of our scaling relations , we find that the [MATH] -ray scaling relations underpredict , by up to an order of magnitude , the flux from cool core clusters .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [22, 23], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [22, 24]}}",{},{},1001.5023,1,2
247,easy,247,"Because [MATH] and [MATH] are symmetric , [MATH] and [MATH] will always be identical even when noise is introduced .",[MATH] and [MATH] are symmetric so [MATH] and [MATH] will always be identical even when noise is introduced .,"{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 7], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 6]}}",{},{},gr-qc-9712079,1,2
248,easy,248,""" A grouping incorporates properties from two well-known mathematical structures , the group and the lattice .","A grouping incorporates properties from two well-known mathematical structures , the group and the lattice .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1410.3095,1,2
249,easy,249,"We start [MATH] by defining out of equilibrium thermal propagators for bosons , in the case that one can ignore the variations of slow variables in Wigner functions [MATH] : [EQUATION]","We start [MATH] by defining out of equilibrium thermal propagators for bosons , in the case when we can ignore the variations of slow variables in Wigner functions [MATH] : [EQUATION]","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [16, 18], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [16, 18]}}",{},{},hep-ph-9801399,1,2
250,easy,250,"All of those authors combine [MATH] penalties with the classical [MATH] loss , and their theoretical results are not applicable to the non-smooth quantile loss function which is the main objective in this paper .",Their theoretical results are not directly applicable to panel data or the non-smooth quantile loss function which is the main objective in this paper ( all of the available theoretical results explicitly make use of the differentiability of the [MATH] loss function in their proofs ) .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 6]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 11]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 14], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [24, 46]}}",{},{},1801.05041,1,2
251,easy,251,"Note that when [MATH] and in view of the form of the fermionic supervielbeins [MATH] of the supercoset [MATH] ( see Appendix A.7 ) , the non-linear fermionic equation of motion [REF] as well as the linear one [REF] involve the pull-back on the string worldsheet of the [MATH] Killing spinor operator [EQUATION] which acts on the 24 fermions [MATH] associated with the supersymmetry of [MATH] ( see Appendix A.7 ) .","To summarize , when [MATH] and in view of the form of the fermionic supervielbeins [MATH] of the supercoset [MATH] ( see Appendix A.7 ) , the non-linear fermionic equation of motion [REF] as well as the linear one [REF] involve the pull-back on the string worldsheet of the [MATH] Killing spinor operator [EQUATION] which acts on the 24 fermions [MATH] associated with the supersymmetry of [MATH] ( see Appendix A.7 ) .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 3]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 2], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},0911.5228,2,3
252,easy,252,"Figs. [REF] , [REF] and [REF] show three examples of t-phot applications on simulated and real data , using the three different options for priors .","Figures [REF] , [REF] and [REF] show three examples of t-phot applications on simulated and real data , using the three different options for priors .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}}",{},{},1505.02516,3,4
253,easy,253,The background-subtracted Dalitz plot is shown in Fig. [REF] .,Figure [REF] shows the background-subtracted Dalitz plot obtained with the [MATH] method .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 12]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 3]}}",{},{},1807.06782,1,2
254,easy,254,"The electrophoretic mobility is a model-free read out from the two-dimensional electrophoresis NMR spectrum correlating the chemical shift , that identifies the moving species , with electrophoretic mobility [CITATION] .","The electrophoretic mobility is a model-free read out from the two-dimensional electrophoresis NMR spectrum correllating the chemical shift , that identifies the moving species , with electrophoretic mobility [CITATION] .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [14, 15], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [14, 15]}}",{},{},0709.4377,1,2
255,easy,255,"In this theory , a weak field approximation gives rise to a description similar to that one obtained in general relativity , although the gravitational waves in GSG have a characteristic longitudinal polarization mode , besides others modes that are observer dependent .","In this theory , a weak field approximation gives rise to a description similar to that one obtained in general relativity , with the gravitational waves propagating at the same speed as the light , although they have a characteristic longitudinal polarization mode , besides others modes that are observer dependent .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [22, 23]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [26, 35]}, '2': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [36, 37]}, '3': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [26, 28], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1905.05690,1,2
256,easy,256,When and why could we expect the quantum annealer to do better than classical MCMC approaches ?,When and why should we expect the quantum annealer to do better than classical MCMC approaches ?,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 4]}}",{},{},1510.07611,3,4
257,easy,257,"This expression is fully symmetric , and is thus unchanged when [MATH] and [MATH] are exchanged .","This expression is anti-symmetric , multiplied by -1 when [MATH] and [MATH] are exchanged .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 8]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 10], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 5], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 4]}}",{},{},physics-0510150,1,2
258,easy,258,"Several structures have been proposed as the candidates for this superhard phase , such as the monoclinic M-carbon [CITATION] , cubic body center C4 carbon ( bct-C4 ) [CITATION] and the orthorhombic W-carbon [CITATION] .","Several structures have been proposed theoretically as the candidate for this superhard phase , such as the monoclinic M-carbon [CITATION] , cubic body center C4 carbon ( bct-C4 ) [CITATION] and the orthorhombic W-carbon [CITATION] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 6]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 9]}}",{},{},1203.5879,1,2
259,easy,259,This [MATH] has been marginalised over the nuisance parameter [MATH] using the adaptative method in reference [CITATION] .,This [MATH] has been marginalized over the nuisance parameter [MATH] using the adaptive method in reference [CITATION] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 5], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 5]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [12, 13], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [12, 13]}}",{},{},0805.3481,1,2
260,easy,260,"Sect. [REF] presents a comprehensive set of tests , based on both simulated and real datasets , to assess the performance of the code and to fully illustrate its capabilities and limitations .","Section [REF] presents a comprehensive set of tests , based on simulated and real datasets , to assess the performance of the code and to fully illustrate its capabilities and limitations .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}}",{},{},1505.02516,3,4
261,easy,261,"t-phot is aimed at extracting accurate photometry from low resolution images , where the blending of sources can be a serious problem for the accurate and unbiased measurement of fluxes and colours .","t-phot is aimed at extracting accurate photometry from low-resolution images , where the blending of sources can be a serious problem for the accurate and unbiased measurement of fluxes and colours .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 10], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 9]}}",{},{},1505.02516,3,4
262,easy,262,For this purpose we need to calculate the rms from parts of the spectra that are emission free .,"For this purpose , we need to calculate the root-mean-square ( rms ) from parts of the spectra that are emission-free .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 4]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 11]}, '2': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [12, 13]}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [16, 18], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [20, 21]}}",{},{},1308.6112,1,2
263,easy,263,"Consequently , given sufficiently low amplitude noise , the measurement scheme Fig. [REF] has quantum-limited sensitivity to relative phase noise .","Consequently , given sufficiently low amplitude noise , the measurement scheme Fig. [REF] of relative phase noise has a quantum limited sensitivity .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [18, 19]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [14, 15], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [19, 21]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [16, 17], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [13, 14]}}",{},{},1401.3528,2,3
264,easy,264,"In the above relations , [MATH] and [MATH] are functions of [MATH] since [MATH] and [MATH] now vary with [MATH] as seen from Figs. ( [REF] ) and ( [REF] ) .","In the relations [REF] and [REF] , [MATH] and [MATH] are now functions of [MATH] since [MATH] and [MATH] vary with [MATH] as seen from Figs. ( [REF] ) and ( [REF] ) as well as from Figs. ( [REF] ) and ( [REF] ) .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [26, 38]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 6]}}",{},{},1710.09608,1,2
265,easy,265,The DNI approach uses an auxiliary network to predict the gradient of the backward pass directly from the input .,"Thus [CITATION] propose and analyze Decoupled Neural Interfaces ( DNI ) , a method that uses an auxiliary network to predict the gradient of the backward pass directly from the input .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 9]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 15]}}",{},{},1901.08164,1,2
266,easy,266,See Algorithm [REF] for pseudocode for SD-GAN training .,See Algorithm [REF] for SD-GAN training pseudocode .,"{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [5, 6], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1705.07904,1,2
267,easy,267,Standard optical/NIR double-pass runs can be achieved setting order standard and order standard2 .,Standard optical/NIR double-pass runs can be achieved by setting order standard and order standard2 .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 8]}}",{},{},1505.02516,2,3
268,easy,268,The system of size [MATH] is partitioned into boxes of size [MATH] ( see Fig. [REF] ) .,The [MATH] -dimensional system of size [MATH] is partitioned into boxes of size [MATH] ( see Fig. [REF] ) .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 3]}}",{},{},1508.04284,1,2
269,easy,269,"Video streaming applications can further use the partial cache contents to help the stall durations significantly , and the numerical results indicate significant improvements ( 29 ) in stall durations using the gLRU strategy as compared to the LRU strategy .","Video streaming applications can further use the partial cache contents to help the stall duration significantly , and the numerical results indicate significant improvements ( 32 ) in stall duration using the gLRU strategy as compared to the LRU strategy .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [14, 15], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [14, 15]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [25, 26], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [25, 26]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [29, 30], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [29, 30]}}",{},{},1806.10853,1,2
270,easy,270,"Naively , the computation of the Wasserstein Distance has a complexity of [MATH] , with [MATH] being the cardinality of the indexed set of node embeddings , i.e. the number of nodes in the two graphs .","Naively , the computation of the Wasserstein Distance has a complexity of [MATH] , with [MATH] being the cardinality of the indexed set of node embeddings , i.e. , the number of nodes in the two graphs .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [28, 29]}}",{},{},1906.01277,1,2
271,easy,271,"Because these are a slow processes , our description remains valid .","Because these are slow processes , our description remains valid .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1211.4024,2,3
272,hard,272,"For more quantitative insights on universal behaviors of DW dynamics , we follow the analysis developed in Ref. [CITATION] for magnetic field driven DW motion .","For more quantitative insights on dynamical universal behaviors , the velocity curves were compared to the self-consistent description of creep , depinning and flow regimes developed for magnetic field driven DW motion [CITATION] : [EQUATION] where [MATH] is the velocity at depinning threshold , and [MATH] the velocity that DW would reach at [MATH] without pinning , i.e. within the flow regime .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 25]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [33, 62]}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 15], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '3': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [16, 18], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '4': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 10], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 6]}}",{},{},1904.03047,1,2
273,easy,273,Fig. [REF] indicates however that the JLA peculiar velocity ' corrections ' have assumed that the bulk flow abruptly disappears at this point !,Figure [REF] indicates however that the JLA peculiar velocity ' corrections ' have arbitrarily assumed that the bulk flow abruptly disappears at this point !,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [13, 14]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}}",{},{},1808.04597,2,3
274,easy,274,"In order to formulate the constraints , we use the following cost functions , which are design to account for various attributes in the NLP instructions .","To formulate the constraints , we use the following cost functions , which are designed to account for various attributes in the NLP instructions .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 2], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [16, 17], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [14, 15]}}",{},{},1707.02387,3,4
275,easy,275,"In order for the trapped gas to be close to the free space limit , the pulsation [MATH] is adjusted to have [MATH] , where [EQUATION] is the mean-field approximation for the chemical potential of the soliton .","In order for the trapped gas to be close to the free space limit , the oscillation frequency [MATH] is adjusted to have [MATH] , where [EQUATION] is the mean-field approximation for the chemical potential of the free-space soliton .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [37, 38]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [16, 17], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [16, 18]}}",{},{},0807.2194,1,2
276,easy,276,Moreover one obtains the following interior estimate,Moreover the following interior integral estimate holds [EQUATION],"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 5]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 8]}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [1, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},0811.3360,1,2
277,easy,277,"Some of the basic notions such as angle , length and geodesic triangle on the extended hyperbolic plane has been considered and studied so far through cross ratio and a rather ad hoc combinatorial method .","Some of the basic notions such as angle , length and geodesic triangle on the extended hyperbolic plane has been considered and studied so far through cross ratio ( see [CITATION] ) and a rather ad hoc combinatorial method ( see [CITATION] ) .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [28, 32]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [39, 43]}}",{},{},math-0612372,1,2
278,easy,278,For a general case of separated dielectrics the Casimir energy can be calculated as in [CITATION] or [CITATION] ( for a recent discussion of these issues see [CITATION] and a review [CITATION] ) .,"For a general case of separated dielectrics the Casimir energy can be calculated as in [CITATION] or [CITATION] ( for a recent discussion of these issues see [CITATION] and a review [CITATION] , new possible experiments in [CITATION] ) .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [32, 38]}}",{},{},hep-th-0512221,2,3
279,easy,279,"The RHN [MATH] can be produced from the [MATH] decay , [MATH] , and then can go through a flavour violating decay , [MATH] .",This RHN can be produced from the [MATH] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [9, 24], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}}",{},{},1511.03842,1,2
280,easy,280,"In the following , we use [MATH] to denote the dimensionality of the node attributes ( thus , [MATH] for the categorical labels ) .","In the following , we use [MATH] to denote the dimensionality of the node attributes ( [MATH] for the categorical labels ) .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [16, 18], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1906.01277,1,2
281,easy,281,"During the test phase a support set is randomly sampled that contains pairs [MATH] , where [MATH] is the [MATH] image in the set and [MATH] is the corresponding binary mask .","The support set contains pairs [MATH] , where [MATH] is the [MATH] image in the set and [MATH] is the corresponding binary mask .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 11], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 5], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}}",{},{},1902.11123,1,2
282,hard,282,"An alternate approach is to remove catch-all case of simpleArea , and to use a static analysis to determine that only values matching Circle or Square will be passed in .","We propose an alternate approach : remove the catch-all case of simpleArea , and use a static analysis to determine that only values matching Circle or Square will be passed in .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 2]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 6]}, '2': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 8]}, '3': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 5], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '4': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [12, 13], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1905.09423,1,2
283,easy,283,"In the mean-field approximation , such equations can be cast in the form of three coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations [CITATION] : [EQUATION] where [MATH] and [MATH] .","In the mean-field approximation , such equations can be cast in the form of three coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations [CITATION] , [EQUATION] where [MATH] and [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [19, 20], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [19, 20]}}",{},{},0904.1160,1,2
284,easy,284,"A Wilsonian effective action can be defined , [MATH] , as the generating functional of 1PI Green 's functions obtained by integrating out loop momenta [MATH] such that [MATH] .","A Wilsonian effective action can be defined , [MATH] , as the generating functional of 1PI Green functions obtained by integrating out loop momenta [MATH] such that [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [17, 18], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},hep-th-0102070,1,2
285,easy,285,Ill-defined pinch singularities characteristic of out of equilibrium thermal field theories are analyzed .,We analyze ill-defined pinch singularities characteristic of out of equilibrium thermal field theories .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 13], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 2]}}",{},{},hep-ph-9801399,1,2
286,easy,286,We have chosen the following NNLO pQCD best fit parameterization from Ref. [CITATION] for our gluon distribution [EQUATION],We have chosen the following NNLO pQCD best fit parametrization from Ref. [CITATION] for our gluon distribution [EQUATION],"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [9, 10], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 10]}}",{},{},1005.0500,1,2
287,easy,287,"In particular , we base our design and analysis on a prior proposal that makes no assumptions about the data being independent or identically distributed [CITATION] .",We base our design and analysis on a prior proposal that makes no assumptions about the data being independent or identically distributed [CITATION] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1408.6491,1,2
288,easy,288,The system consists of a random array of 1024 fixed sites .,The system consists of a random array of [MATH] fixed sites .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 9]}}",{},{},1901.08956,1,2
289,easy,289,"Here , we study the strong interactions among the heavy bottom spin-1/2 [MATH] baryon , nucleon and [MATH] meson as well as the heavy charmed spin-1/2 [MATH] baryon , nucleon and [MATH] meson in the context of QCD sum rules [CITATION] .","Here , we study the strong interactions among the heavy bottom spin-1/2 [MATH] baryon , nucleon and [MATH] meson as well as the heavy charmed spin-1/2 [MATH] baryon , nucleon and [MATH] meson in the context of QCD sum rules .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [40, 41], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1501.05084,1,2
290,easy,290,This could simply be due to the fact that the number of fields is a vanishing fraction ( of order [MATH] ) of the number of couplings in an RBM .,This could happen because the number of biases is a vanishing fraction of the number of weights in an RBM .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 3]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 27], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 17]}}",{},{},1510.07611,2,3
291,easy,291,"[MATH] and [MATH] are both functions of [MATH] , while [MATH] does not scale with [MATH] .","Here [MATH] and [MATH] are both functions of [MATH] , while [MATH] does not scale with [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}}",{},{},1409.6021,1,2
292,easy,292,"Finally , the same theoretical approach used in this work , and tested on the well-known resonance [MATH] , can be applied to other resonances whose nature is not yet clarified , the so-called [MATH] and [MATH] states [CITATION] .","Finally , the same theoretical approach used in this work can be applied to other resonances whose nature is not yet clarified , the so-called [MATH] and [MATH] states [CITATION] .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [10, 19], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1712.00969,1,2
293,easy,293,The continuous connection of these states is therefore also in the universal region .,The continuous connection of these bound states and resonances is therefore also in the universal region .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 6]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 9]}}",{},{},0911.1722,2,3
294,easy,294,The resulting motion is then equivalent to a thermal equilibrium at a different temperature [MATH] given by [EQUATION],The resulting motion is then equivalent to a thermal equilibrium at a different temperature [MATH] which can be either reduced or increased depending on the sign of the gain [MATH] [EQUATION],"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [15, 30]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [15, 17], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},quant-ph-9903094,1,2
295,easy,295,"This approach used [MATH] unknowns in total : the [MATH] lengths of the squares , and also the [MATH] and [MATH] coordinates of the squares ' North-West corners .","This approach used [MATH] unknowns in total : the [MATH] lengths of the subsquares , and also the [MATH] and [MATH] coordinates of the subsquares ' North-West corners .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [13, 14], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [13, 14]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [24, 25], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [24, 25]}}",{},{},1308.5420,1,2
296,easy,296,Thus we underestimate the temperature in cases where there is indeed substructure .,"Thus , we underestimate the temperature in cases where there is indeed substructure .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 2]}}",{},{},1308.6112,1,2
297,easy,297,"Similarly , the CP asymmetry in [MATH] [CITATION] [EQUATION] provides an equation for [MATH] and [MATH] .","Similarly , the direct CP asymmetry in [MATH] [CITATION] [EQUATION] provides an equation for [MATH] and [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 4]}}",{},{},hep-ph-0410170,2,3
298,easy,298,We now describe how to generalize this variational formulation to be consistent with Eq. [REF] and demands ( a ) - ( c ) stated in the introduction .,We now describe how to generalize this variational formulation to be consistent with Eq. [REF] and demands ( a ) - ( b ) stated in the introduction .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [22, 23], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [22, 23]}}",{},{},1103.3516,1,2
299,easy,299,"Part of the ionized electrons produced in the same interaction drift vertically upward between the cathode and gate , and get extracted by a stronger field between the gate and the anode into the gas , producing proportional scintillation photons ( S2 ) .","Some of the electrons from ionization produced in the same interaction drift vertically upward between the cathode and gate , and get extracted by a stronger field between the gate and the anode into the gas , producing proportional scintillation photons ( S2 ) .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 6]}}",{},{},1602.00858,1,2
300,easy,300,A major goal is now to construct a large-scale quantum computer by scaling current systems up to a significantly larger number of ions .,A major goal is now to construct a large-scale quantum computer by scaling current systems up to a significantly larger number of ions [CITATION] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [23, 24]}}",{},{},1603.03384,1,2
301,easy,301,This transition is also evidenced by the scaling function [MATH] [CITATION] shown in the insets of Fig. [REF] .,The localization transition is also evidenced by the scaling function [MATH] [CITATION] shown in the insets of Fig. [REF] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 2]}}",{},{},1410.3634,1,2
302,easy,302,Note that [MATH] has a particularly simple form since it contains only terms diagonal in the [MATH] and [MATH] bases .,"Note that [MATH] has a particularly simple form , since it contains only terms diagonal in the [MATH] and [MATH] bases .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 9]}}",{},{},quant-ph-0501138,1,2
303,easy,303,It demonstrates that directly imprinting the weights for the new class solely is not sufficient and has to be coupled with our proposed adaptive scheme .,Imprinting has to be coupled with the proposed adaptation and multi-resolution schemes to be effective in the segmentation scenario .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [12, 19]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [5, 16], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [21, 25], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 12]}}",{},{},1902.11123,3,4
304,easy,304,"However , such energy states do not meet each other with any practically applicable values of the temperature due to absent of two fold symmetry in graphene .","However , such energy states do not meet each other with any practically applicable values of the temperature due to absence of two fold symmetry in graphene .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [20, 21], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [20, 21]}}",{},{},1401.4608,1,2
305,easy,305,"If further Assumption A2 is satisfied , then the output [MATH] satisfies [EQUATION]","If further the assumption A2 is satisfied , then the output [MATH] satisfies that [EQUATION]","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [13, 14]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 4]}}",{},{},1609.03261,2,3
306,easy,306,"Instead , it will be necessary for us to exploit a certain "" wave packet "" structure these solutions exhibit in radial coordinates .","Instead , we will exploit a certain "" wave packet "" structure these solutions exhibit in radial coordinates .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 3]}}",{},{},math-0402192,1,2
307,easy,307,"Having described the operation of my algorithm , I now apply it to three cases of interest .","Having described the operation of my algorithm for calculating thresholds , I now apply it to three cases of interest .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 10]}}",{},{},quant-ph-0605192,2,3
308,easy,308,In [REF] we show the numerical results obtained from [REF] .,In [REF] we show the numerical results obtained from Eqs. [REF] and [REF] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 12]}}",{},{},1510.04030,2,3
309,easy,309,"As a result , the full and dashed lines in the figures 8,9 and 11 , of Croft et al [CITATION] are all misleading as they are erroneous .","As a result , the full and dashed lines in the figures 8,9 and 11 , of Croft et al [CITATION] are all erroneous .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [23, 27], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1710.08173,2,3
310,easy,310,"The latter are purely phenomenological theories , in which the linear function of the Ricci scalar [MATH] from the Einstein-Hilbert action term is replaced by a more general function [MATH] .","The latter are purely phenomenological models , in which the linear function of the Ricci scalar [MATH] from the Einstein-Hilbert action term is replaced by a more general function [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [5, 6], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 6]}}",{},{},0806.2805,3,4
311,easy,311,"Following recent observations at supernova remnants as well as theoretical studies , we adopt a realistic value of this parameter and assume that 50 per cent of the dissipated energy at strong shocks is injected into cosmic ray protons .","We assume that in the saturated regime of shock acceleration , 50 percent of the dissipated energy at strong shocks is injected into cosmic ray protons .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 11]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [13, 21], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [24, 26], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [12, 13]}}",{},{},1001.5023,1,2
312,easy,312,"We identify fragments as highest level leaves in the dendrograms derived with a minimal density threshold at minvalue = 5,000 cm [MATH] and a minimum of minnpix = 20 cells .","We identify fragments as highest-level leaves in the dendrograms derived with a minimal density threshold at minvalue = 5,000 cm [MATH] and a minimum of minnpix = 20 cells .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 6], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 5]}}",{},{},1711.01417,2,3
313,easy,313,"In sections 2 , we briefly review the color-flow decomposition and off-shell recursive relations .","In section [REF] , we briefly review the color-flow decomposition and off-shell recursive relations .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [1, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 3]}}",{},{},1010.0748,2,3
314,easy,314,"My framework has no testable implications , because the identified set is always non-empty .",Note that the sharp identified set is always non-empty .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 2]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 4]}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1511.04162,1,2
315,easy,315,We noticed a relatively small number of selected features which are positioned southwest and close to the center of the images achieve very high classification accuracy .,"We noticed a relatively small number of selected features , which are positioned southwest and close to the center of the images , achieve very high classification accuracy .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 10]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [22, 23]}}",{},{},1810.04247,2,3
316,easy,316,"For [MATH] there is another category with a required quotient functor , the category of modules over an appropriate [MATH] -Schur algebra that was shown to be equivalent to the Cherednik category [MATH] .","For [MATH] there is another category with a nice quotient functor , the category of modules over an appropriate [MATH] -Schur algebra that was shown to be equivalent to the Cherednik category [MATH] ( under a certain "" faithfulness "" condition on the parameters ) .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [33, 45]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 9]}}",{},{},1305.4894,1,2
317,hard,317,"These density waves cause stop-and-go motion of individual vehicles , and are otherwise known as "" phantom traffic jams . ""","Superimposed on this 1D line of traffic , we observe backwards-propagating density waves known as "" phantom traffic jams "" that cause stop-and-go motion of individual vehicles [ Fig. [REF] a ] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 11]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [20, 21]}, '2': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [27, 32]}, '3': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [9, 13], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '4': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1708.03791,1,2
318,easy,318,"It shows an approximately circular symmetry for the dots , with QD1 being slightly larger than QD2 .","It shows an approximately circular symmetry for the dots , with the left quantum dot being slightly larger than the right one .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [11, 15]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [16, 17], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [19, 22]}}",{},{},0808.2905,1,2
319,easy,319,"In this paper we extend the analysis of [CITATION] in several directions : ( i ) We analyze the transparency measured recently in [CITATION] for a range of nuclei , focusing at [MATH] for which both integrated cross sections and differential cross sections are available .","We analyze the transparency measured recently in [CITATION] for a range of nuclei , focusing at [MATH] for which both integrated cross sections and differential cross sections are available .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 16], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},hep-ph-0011088,1,2
320,easy,320,"At first thought , this seems to be a resonant case in the standard QKR and the rotator will delocalize .","At first thought , this seems to be a resonant case in QKR and the rotator will delocalize .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [12, 14], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},0709.2735,2,3
321,easy,321,"In Sec. [REF] , we discuss variations in the absorption model : besides the most recent model we use throughout the paper , Korochkin and Rubtsov ( 2018 ) [CITATION] , we repeat our analysis with three other models for EBL , namely : Gilmore et al. ( 2012 ) fixed [CITATION] , which was used in our 2014 paper ; Franceschini et al. ( 2017 ) [CITATION] ; and a high-absorption model artificially normalized to the most recent direct observational data [CITATION] on the background-light intensity .","In Sec. [REF] , we discuss variations in the absorption model : besides the most recent model we use throughout the paper , Korochkin and Rubtsov ( 2018 ) [CITATION] , we repeat our analysis with three other EBL models , namely : Gilmore et al. ( 2012 ) fixed [CITATION] , which was used in our 2014 paper ; Franceschini and Rodighiero ( 2017 ) [CITATION] ; and a toy upper-limit model artificially normalized to the most recent direct observational data [CITATION] on the background-light intensity .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [39, 40], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [71, 72], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [70, 72]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [62, 64], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [61, 63]}}",{},{},1810.03443,1,2
322,easy,322,"To check the localized [MATH] asymmetry , differential branching fraction for the [MATH] and [MATH] final states are shown in Fig. [REF] .","To check the localized final-state asymmetry , differential branching fraction for the [MATH] and [MATH] final states are shown in Fig. [REF] .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 5], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 5]}}",{},{},1807.06782,1,2
323,easy,323,"Now that we have at our disposal a robust temperature estimation technique , we can use it for training Boltzmann machines .","Now that we have at our disposal a robust temperature estimation technique , we can use it for learning Boltzmann machines .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [18, 19], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [18, 19]}}",{},{},1510.07611,2,3
324,easy,324,"This equation encodes how to combine observations from different mass bins , and also straightforwardly specifies dependence on the parameters of interest [MATH] and [MATH] via Eqs. ( [REF] ) and ( [REF] ) .","This equation encodes how to combine observations from different mass bins , and also straightforwardly specifies the dependence on the parameters of interest [MATH] and [MATH] via Eqs. ( [REF] ) and ( [REF] ) .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [16, 17]}}",{},{},1010.3722,1,2
325,easy,325,"The current [MATH] introduced a transformation of the horizontal coordinates [MATH] , where [MATH] and [MATH] are the coordinates in the moving and fixed frames , respectively .","The corresponding transformation of the horizontal coordinates is [MATH] , where [MATH] and [MATH] are the coordinates in the moving and fixed frames , respectively .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 8]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [1, 5], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 2]}}",{},{},physics-0510150,1,2
326,easy,326,"To find the optimal values of [MATH] in ( [REF] ) , we exploit a 2D grid using 5-fold cross validation on the training data , keeping the original architectures and loss functions of the Keras models , i.e. categorical cross-entropy for RNTC and MNIST and binary cross-entropy for IMDB .","To find the optimal values of [MATH] in ( [REF] ) , we exploit a 2D grid using 5-fold cross validation on the training data , keeping the original architectures and loss functions of the Keras models , i.e. categorical cross-entropy for RNTC , MNIST and CIFAR-10 , and binary cross-entropy for IMDB .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [45, 48]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [43, 44], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [43, 44]}}",{},{},1604.06985,2,3
327,easy,327,"The diffusion equation ( [REF] , [REF] ) must be supplemented by BC .","The diffusion equation ( [REF] , [REF] ) must be supplemented by boundary conditions .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [12, 13], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [12, 14]}}",{},{},cond-mat-0601677,3,4
328,easy,328,"Yet , while the modulation of the TeV gamma-ray signal can be naturally explained by the photon-photon pair production and anisotropic inverse Compton scattering , the observed modulation of synchrotron X-rays requires an additional process , being the most natural one , adiabatic expansion in the radiation production region .","Yet , while the modulation of the TeV gamma-ray signal can be naturally explained by the photon-photon pair production and anisotropic inverse Compton scattering , the observed modulation of synchrotron X-rays requires an additional process , the most natural one being adiabatic expansion in the radiation production region .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [41, 42], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},0812.3358,1,2
329,easy,329,The memory requirement for the auxiliary matrices after these optimizations are found to be around [MATH] .,The memory size required for the auxiliary matrices after these optimizations is found to be around [MATH] ( note that the optimal cache size for ZHEEV is roughly [MATH] ) .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [17, 30]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 4]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [10, 11], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [11, 12]}}",{},{},1512.08934,2,3
330,easy,330,The flow times [MATH] varied between 15 and 50 ms and the gradient pulse duration [MATH] between 3 and 6 ms respectively with gradient amplitudes between 0.3 and 0.6 T/m .,The flow times varied between 15 and 50 ms and the gradient pulse duration between 3 and 6 ms respectively with gradient amplitudes between 0.3 and 0.6 T/m .,"{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [15, 16], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},0709.4377,2,3
331,easy,331,For this particular bottom [EQUATION] with [EQUATION],"The bottom spectrum is of the form [EQUATION] and for the particular bottom given by ( [REF] ) , [EQUATION] with [EQUATION]","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 9]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [13, 19]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [1, 2], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 11]}}",{},{},physics-0510150,1,2
332,easy,332,"Otherwise , one could not confirm the appearance of the phantom phase in the Jordan frame .","Otherwise , one is hard to confirm the appearance of the phantom phase in the Jordan frame .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 5], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 6]}}",{},{},1307.8312,1,2
333,easy,333,Sampling and hashing are done as in Section [REF] .,Sampling and hashing are done as in Algorithm PAC ( Section [REF] ) .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 10]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [12, 13]}}",{},{},1502.03942,1,2
334,easy,334,And it clearly excludes radiation pressure and electrostriction as the possible driving mechanisms .,It clearly excludes radiation pressure and electrostriction as the possible driving mechanisms .,"{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1709.08987,3,4
335,easy,335,"Given this bulk mass we can determine the mass ( es ) of the lightest KK scalar state ( s ) , by following the standard RS manipulations [CITATION] .",Given any [MATH] the scalar bulk mass is known and we can determine the mass ( es ) of the lightest KK scalar state ( s ) by following the standard RS manipulations [CITATION] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 10]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [21, 22], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [1, 2], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 5]}}",{},{},hep-ph-0603242,1,2
336,easy,336,"We have established in the previous section the dynamic evolution of a homogeneous spin-1 condensate , in terms of orbits in the [MATH] plane constrained by ( i ) conservation of density , ( ii ) , conservation of magnetization , and ( iii ) conservation of energy .","We have established in the previous section the dynamical evolution of a homogeneous spin-1 condensate , in terms of orbits in the [MATH] plane constrained by ( i ) conservation of density , ( ii ) , conservation of magnetization , and ( iii ) conservation of energy .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 9]}}",{},{},0904.1160,1,2
337,easy,337,Consequently we observe unregularized UV divergence when computing this integral by transforming it to bubble or applying the n-nested zero regulator method [CITATION] .,Consequently we observe unregularized UV divergence when computing this integral by transforming it into the bubble or applying the n-nested zero regulator method [CITATION] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [14, 15]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [13, 14], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [13, 14]}}",{},{},1602.01333,1,2
338,easy,338,"Also , for technical purposes , it is preferable to work in the so-called Einstein ( or conformal ) frame , in which the scalar and tensor degrees of freedom do not mix : [EQUATION] where [MATH] , [MATH] and the potential is suitably chosen in order that the pair [MATH] breaks one symmetry [MATH] in vacuum ( giving rise to the vortex configuration ) and the second pair [MATH] breaks the symmetry [MATH] in the core of the vortex ( giving rise to the superconducting properties ) : [EQUATION]","Also , for technical purposes , it is preferable to work in the so-called Einstein ( or conformal ) frame , in which the scalar and tensor degrees of freedom do not mix : [EQUATION] where [MATH] , [MATH] and the potential is suitably chosen in order that the pair [MATH] breaks one symmetry [MATH] in vacuum ( giving rise to the vortex configuration ) and the second pair [MATH] breaks the symmetry [MATH] in the core of the vortex ( giving rise to the superconducting properties ) : [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [89, 90], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [89, 91]}}",{},{},gr-qc-0507109,1,2
339,easy,339,"As a quick consistency check , note that if [MATH] and [MATH] then there are no departures from the steady state bulk flow , i.e. , [MATH] .","As a quick check , note that if [MATH] and [MATH] then there are no departures from the steady state bulk flow , i.e. , [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1406.4864,1,2
340,easy,340,Whether the Universe is indeed dominated by dark energy thus remains an open question .,Whether the universe is indeed dominated by dark energy thus remains an open question .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 3]}}",{},{},1808.04597,1,2
341,easy,341,"Figure 2 ( a ) shows the temperature dependence of resistivity in zero field for WTe [MATH] single crystal , with current along the [MATH] axis .","Figure 2 ( a ) shows the temperature dependence of resistivity in zero field for a WTe [MATH] single crystal , with current along the [MATH] axis .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [15, 16]}}",{},{},1412.8298,3,4
342,easy,342,"ATIS Dataset : The ATIS corpus is the most commonly used dataset for slot filling research , which consists of reservation requests from the air travel domain .","The ATIS corpus , the most commonly used dataset for slot filling research , contains reservation requests for air travel .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 7], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 4]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [17, 27], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [14, 20]}}",{},{},1803.11326,2,3
343,easy,343,"In a return to schooling analysis , [MATH] is wages , [MATH] is the true indicator for college completion , [MATH] is the proximity to college , and [MATH] is the measurement of [MATH] .","In a return to schooling analysis , [MATH] is wages , [MATH] is the true indicator for college completion , [MATH] is the proximity to college , and [MATH] is the self-reported college completion .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [31, 34], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [31, 34]}}",{},{},1511.04162,1,2
344,easy,344,"Unlike previous methods , our approach can easily operate with any pretrained network without the need to train a second branch which entails fewer number of parameters .","Unlike previous methods , our approach can easily operate with any pre-trained network without the need to train a second branch which entails fewer number of parameters .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [11, 12]}}",{},{},1902.11123,2,3
345,easy,345,In the pinch-like contribution to the photon propagator the domain of integration is shifted to infinity as [MATH] .,"In the pinch-like contribution to the photon propagator , the domain of integration is shifted to infinity as [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 9]}}",{},{},hep-ph-9801399,1,2
346,easy,346,"Under the condition of [MATH] , the effective neutrino mass matrix for light neutrinos appears as [CITATION] [EQUATION]","Under the assumption of [MATH] , the effective mass matrix for light neutrinos is obtained as [CITATION] [EQUATION]","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 3]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [14, 15], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [13, 15]}}",{},{},1707.05535,1,2
347,easy,347,"Such behaviour is not uncommon in rapidly varying FSRQs : although they follow the blazar sequence when considering different sources , an individual object can behave opposite to the sequence itself while varying .","If real , such behaviour would not be uncommon in rapidly varying FSRQs : although they follow the blazar sequence when considering different sources , an individual object can behave opposite to the sequence itself while varying .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 3]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 8]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 6]}}",{},{},1510.08849,1,2
348,easy,348,"Missed detections ( treating a co-visible pixel as occluded ) and false alarms ( treating an occluded pixel as visible ) have different costs : Omitting a co-visible pixel from the occluded region [MATH] decreases the likelihood by a factor corresponding to multiplication by a Gaussian for samples drawn from the same distribution ; vice-versa , including a pixel from [MATH] ( false alarm ) decreases the log-likelihood by a factor equal to multiplying by a Gaussian evaluated at points drawn from another distribution , such as uniform .","Missed detections ( treating a co-visible pixel as occluded ) and false alarms ( treating an occluded pixel as visible ) have different costs : Omitting a co-visible pixel from [MATH] decreases the likelihood by a factor corresponding to multiplication by a Gaussian for samples drawn from the same distribution ; vice-versa , including a pixel from [MATH] ( false alarm ) decreases the log-likelihood by a factor equal to multiplying by a Gaussian evaluated at points drawn from another distribution , such as uniform .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [30, 33], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1412.6607,3,4
349,easy,349,"At temperatures of 10 mK or so , where experiments are commonly done , the number of quasiparticle should , in principle , be negligible .","At temperatures of 10 mK or so , where experiments are commonly done , the number of quasiparticles should , in principle , be negligible .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [17, 18], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [17, 18]}}",{},{},cond-mat-0305190,1,2
350,easy,350,"The main result of the present paper is the cancellation of pinching singularities at the single self-energy insertion level in QED- and QCD-like theories , This then together with the reported [MATH] cancellation of collinear singularities allows the extraction of the useful physical information that the imaginary parts of the two-loop diagrams contain .",The main result of the present paper is the cancellation of pinching singularities at the single self-energy insertion level in QED- and QCD-like theories .,"{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [24, 53], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},hep-ph-9801399,1,2
351,easy,351,It was argued in ref. [CITATION] that the glueball state [MATH] does not belong to the Odderon Regge trajectory .,It was argued in Ref. [CITATION] that the glueball state [MATH] does not belong to the odderon Regge trajectory .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 5], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 5]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [16, 17], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [16, 17]}}",{},{},1301.4457,2,3
352,easy,352,"First , [MATH] is a subgroup of [MATH] , and the inclusion [MATH] itself is a quite interesting object : we will prove here , as part of Theorem B below , that [MATH] is equivalent to a certain key combinatorial condition , introduced in [CITATION] .","First , [MATH] is a quantum subgroup of [MATH] , and the inclusion [MATH] itself is a quite interesting object : we will prove here , as part of Theorem B below , that [MATH] is equivalent to a certain key combinatorial condition , introduced in [CITATION] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 6]}}",{},{},1109.6162,1,2
353,easy,353,"When we are solely searching for the zero polynomial , we short circuit the computation if the array is not all zero .","When we are solely searching for the zero polynomial , we short-circuit the computation if the array is not all zero .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 13], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [11, 12]}}",{},{},1610.04648,1,2
354,easy,354,"It guarantees non-negativity and boundedness , and [REF] reduces to total variation regularization with box constraints .",It guarantees non-negativity and boundedness .,"{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [5, 16], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1805.01605,1,2
355,easy,355,"As the robot gets too close to the book , the person says "" stop "" , then says "" do n't put it there . ""","As the robot gets too close to the book , the person says "" stop , "" then says "" do n't put it there . """,{},{},{},1707.02387,2,3
356,easy,356,"From the mass shift we know that it is certainly not a GW fermion in general , but how about the free fermion only ?","From the mass shift we know that it is certainly not a GW fermion in general , and according to our No-Go rule not even the free Wilson fermions can obey any GWR .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [17, 34]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [17, 25], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},hep-lat-0001001,1,2
357,easy,357,"It is possible but cumbersome to evaluate the expressions ( [REF] ) , ( [REF] ) and ( [REF] ) in closed analytical form in terms of elementary functions .","It is possible but cumbersome to evaluate the expressions ( [REF] ) , ( [REF] ) , and ( [REF] ) in closed analytical form in terms of elementary functions .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [16, 17]}}",{},{},1106.6035,1,2
358,easy,358,The density operator can be written in the basis of its own eigenstates .,We can write the density operator in the basis of its own eigenstates .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 6], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 3]}}",{},{},1901.08956,1,2
359,easy,359,So how do neural MT models calculate this probability ?,So how do NMT models calculate this probability ?,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 5], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 4]}}",{},{},1812.07170,1,2
360,easy,360,"To check the dependence of the effective [MATH] on the tracer mass , we generated initial conditions with a non-zero bispectrum of the form shown in the first line of Eq. ( [REF] ) ( the [MATH] model ) with scale-dependent amplitude as defined in Eq. ( [REF] ) .","To check the dependence of the effective [MATH] on the tracer mass , we generated initial conditions with a non-zero bispectrum of the form shown in the first line of Eq. ( [REF] ) ( the single field model ) with scale-dependent amplitude as defined in Eq. ( [REF] ) .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [36, 37], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [36, 38]}}",{},{},1010.3722,1,2
361,easy,361,Let [MATH] denote the power of [MATH] lies inside [MATH] .,Let [MATH] denote the power of [MATH] lies inside some [MATH] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 10]}}",{},{},0801.3958,1,2
362,easy,362,The remainder of the sequence then effectively produces bodies in a range of locations relative to the camera .,The remainder of the sequence then effectively produces bodies in a range of locations relative to the static camera .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [17, 18]}}",{},{},1701.01370,1,2
363,hard,363,We reanalyze this model ( 2.1 ) and consider more realistic models ( 2.2 2.3 ) to calculate light-curves .,We reanalyze these models in 2.1 and consider more realistic models in 2.2 2.3 .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 5]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 7], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [15, 19], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '3': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 5], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '4': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 4]}, '5': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [12, 13], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [11, 12]}}",{},{},astro-ph-0201322,1,2
364,easy,364,"To be specific , we evaluate the expression [EQUATION]","To be specific , we evaluate dipole matrix elements [CITATION] [EQUATION]","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 10]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 9]}}",{},{},1908.06119,1,2
365,easy,365,"Figure [REF] d displays measurements performed up to higher fields at 1.8 K , where the magnetoresistance increases quadratically to about 5558 at 60 T .","Figure 1d displays measurements performed up to higher fields at 1.8 K , where the magnetoresistance increases quadratically to about 5558 at 60 T .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [1, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 2]}}",{},{},1807.03070,1,2
366,easy,366,"Since it allows the exposure of unknown identities , this scenario is more realistic than the face identification scenario .","Since it allows recognizing unseen identities , this scenario is more realistic .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [14, 19], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 7], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 5]}}",{},{},1905.05243,1,2
367,easy,367,We also applied our procedure on the one-dimensional Calogero-Sutherland model ( CSM ) which is well studied in the literature [CITATION] and proved that the results are consistent .,We also applied our procedure on the one-dimensional CSM which is well studied in the literature [CITATION] and proved that the results are consistent .,"{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 11], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [12, 13], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1303.5493,3,4
368,easy,368,"Because the Polyakov loop involves only the temporal component of the background field and because [MATH] ( since [MATH] by construction ) is [MATH] -independent , it is sufficient to consider homogeneous background fields in the temporal direction [MATH] .","Because the Polyakov loop involves only the temporal component of the background field and because [MATH] ( since [MATH] by construction ) is [MATH] independent , it is sufficient to consider homogeneous background fields in the temporal direction [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [24, 25], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [24, 25]}}",{},{},1412.5672,1,2
369,easy,369,"Consequently , the probability of failure approaches [MATH] as the length of the computation increases .","Consequently , the probability of failure approaches one as the length of the computation increases .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 8]}}",{},{},quant-ph-0605192,2,3
370,easy,370,"For this special case , [CITATION] analyzes the condition under which linear AEs can recover the support of the hidden signal .","For this special case , [CITATION] analyzed the condition under which linear AEs can recover the support of the hidden signal .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 7], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 7]}}",{},{},1605.07145,1,2
371,easy,371,"To complete this correspondence between the [MATH] -th Homology and the [MATH] th de Rham cohomology of [MATH] , we need to show that [EQUATION]","To complete this correspondence between the [MATH] th homology and the [MATH] th de Rham cohomology of [MATH] , we need to show that [EQUATION]","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 9]}}",{},{},1211.4024,2,3
372,easy,372,"For some shorter branches ( e.g. , Otidimorphae and Columbimorphae ) rejecting a polytomy requires hundreds of loci but not all available super gene trees .","For some shorter branches ( e.g. , G and B ) rejecting a polytomy requires hundreds of super gene trees .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [17, 22], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 10], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 10]}}",{},{},1708.08916,3,4
373,easy,373,"But the most compelling reason for binary codes is their use as direct indices ( addresses ) into a hash table , yielding a dramatic increase in search speed compared to an exhaustive linear scan ( e.g. , [CITATION] ) .","But the most compelling reason for binary codes , and discrete codes in general , is their use as direct indices ( addresses ) into a hash table , yielding a dramatic increase in search speed compared to an exhaustive linear scan ( e.g. , [CITATION] ) .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 15]}}",{},{},1307.2982,1,2
374,easy,374,"This means that effects from out of thermal equilibrium vanishes for a perfect conductor , and as a result the total energy shift of the atom in state [MATH] can be simplified as [EQUATION]","This means that effects from being out of thermal equilibrium vanish for a perfect conductor , and as a result the total energy shift of the atom in state [MATH] can be simplified to [EQUATION]","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 6]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [9, 10], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 11]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [32, 33], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [33, 34]}}",{},{},1408.4517,1,2
375,easy,375,"In this case , we need two equations of state parameter named the native and effective equations of state to test whether the universe is accelerating or not because there is coupling between the cold dark matter and Galileon .",This is because there is coupling between the cold dark matter and Galileon .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 2]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 28], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1307.8312,1,2
376,easy,376,That motivated the emergence of few-shot learning methods [CITATION] [CITATION] [CITATION] that was initially focused on image classification .,This motivated the emergence of few-shot learning methods [CITATION] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [9, 18], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}}",{},{},1902.11123,3,4
377,easy,377,"The bulk algebra is realized only on this subspace , and only if we do not try to describe too many operations at once .","The bulk algebra is realized only on these subspaces , and only if we do not try to describe too many operations at once .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 9]}}",{},{},1411.7041,1,2
378,easy,378,"In summary , this is a visualization of localization in a classical and quantum mechanical manner for the states close to the left and the right band edge , respectively .","In summary , this is a visualization of localization in a classical and quantum mechanical manner for the states close to the lower and the upper band edge , respectively .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [22, 23], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [22, 23]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [25, 26], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [25, 26]}}",{},{},1508.04284,1,2
379,easy,379,"In our example , this range could be 40 Hz to 90 Hz .","In our case , this range was chosen from 40 Hz to 90 Hz to find frequencies around [MATH] Hz .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 3]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 19]}}",{},{},0907.5490,1,2
380,easy,380,( iii ) a toy high-absorption model normalized to the most recent direct observations of EBL [CITATION] .,( iii ) a toy upper-limit model normalized to the most recent direct observations of EBL [CITATION] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [5, 6], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 6]}}",{},{},1810.03443,1,2
381,easy,381,"The sound modes "" rapidly "" decay to a shape function which is centered at [MATH] and varies on the scale [MATH] .","The sound mode peaks "" rapidly "" decay to a shape function which is centered at [MATH] and varies on the scale [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 4]}}",{},{},1305.1209,2,3
382,easy,382,"Note that [MATH] and [MATH] are employed to perform Marton 's binning , therefore when it is extended to the Gaussian case , it becomes two different rate regions resulted from dirty paper coding in different orders .",Note that [MATH] and [MATH] are used to perform Marton 's binning .,"{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [12, 37], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 7], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 7]}}",{},{},1007.1811,1,2
383,easy,383,"If one takes derivative for [MATH] with respect to [MATH] , one has [EQUATION]","If one takes derivative for [MATH] with respect to [MATH] , following the similar calculations in section 2 , one has [EQUATION]","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [11, 19]}}",{},{},1312.0576,1,2
384,easy,384,"Clearly , there may be many other processes which intervene between the very early ( Planckian ) phase of the universe and the present epoch , including particle production ( for example , by parametric resonance [CITATION] ) which can be expected to be effective because of the very rapid but small oscillations .","Clearly , there are many other processes which intervene between the very early ( Planckian ) phase of the universe and the present epoch .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [25, 53], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 5], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 4]}}",{},{},0806.2805,2,3
385,easy,385,This is well defined because of [REF] and the assumption that [MATH] .,This is well defined since [MATH] from [REF] and the assumption that [MATH] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 6], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 7]}}",{},{},0905.1142,2,3
386,easy,386,"For our experiments using and , we associated an episodic sequence of actions only with the total reward defined as the sum of the per-step rewards .","For the experiments using and , we associate an episodic sequence of actions with the total reward , defined as the sum of the per-step rewards .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [17, 18]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [13, 14], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [1, 2], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 2]}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 8]}}",{},{},1611.09321,2,3
387,easy,387,Instead I do not assume any structure on the outcome equation .,Instead I propose an identification strategy without assuming any structure on the outcome equation .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 6]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 5], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 8]}}",{},{},1511.04162,1,2
388,easy,388,The parameters at all levels are updated using the Gibbs sampler .,"The parameters at all levels are updated using the Gibbs sampler , with 10000 iterations at each rung , discarding the first fifth of these as burn in .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [11, 28]}}",{},{},1209.3198,1,2
389,easy,389,"For [MATH] sufficiently large and assuming that the [MATH] -th mode is a generic observable on the manifold , the observation [MATH] will have a full rank derivative .","For [MATH] sufficiently large and assuming that the [MATH] -th mode is a generic observable on the manifold , the observation [MATH] will have a full rank derivative [CITATION] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [28, 29]}}",{},{},1501.06848,1,2
390,easy,390,The distance of the W43 complex is unambiguous as it is well-determined by the calculations found in [CITATION] .,The distance of the W43 complex is unambiguous as it is well determined by the calculations found in [CITATION] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [11, 13]}}",{},{},1308.6112,1,2
391,easy,391,Such four carbon allotropes are more favorable than bct-C4 .,All the four carbon allotropes in our present work are more favorable than bct-C4 .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 9]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 2]}}",{},{},1203.5879,1,2
392,hard,392,"In addition to the signed Poynting fluxes given above , we can characterize signed energy input per unit of magnetic flux , by computing a ratio with units of luminosity per maxwell of [MATH] .","Accordingly , we now compute quantities with units consistent with a ratio of luminosity per maxwell of [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 10]}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '3': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [15, 24], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '4': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 15], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 6]}}",{},{},1402.4794,2,3
393,easy,393,The most accepted explanation for this effect is that there exists a spherical halo of dark matter which surrounds the galaxy and account for the missing mass needed to produce the flat behaviour of the rotational curves .,The most accepted explanation for this effect is that there exists a spherical halo of dark matter which surrounds the galaxy and account for the missing mass needed to produce the flat behavior of the rotational curves .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [32, 33], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [32, 33]}}",{},{},gr-qc-0507109,1,2
394,easy,394,"We chose to combine the assemblies from the Tophat1-Cufflinks assembly pipeline , that resulted in 1300 more transcript fragements corresponding to an cumulative increase of nearly 0.5million nt in length .",We chose to combine the Trinity assemblies with that from the Tophat1-Cufflinks assembly pipeline .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 6]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 9]}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 30], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1305.6259,1,2
395,easy,395,"Adding up Eq. ( [REF] ) with Eq. ( [REF] ) , we get the total contribution of the thermal fluctuations to the boundary-dependent energy shift of the atom [EQUATION]","Adding Eq. ( [REF] ) and Eq. ( [REF] ) , we get the total contribution of the thermal fluctuations to the boundary-dependent energy shift of the atom [EQUATION]","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [1, 2], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 7], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 6]}}",{},{},1408.4517,1,2
396,easy,396,How a meaning may be derived from a sentence via multiple alignment is described in B ( Section 5.7 ) .,How a meaning may be derived from a sentence via multiple alignment is described in BK ( Section 5.7 ) .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [15, 16], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [15, 16]}}",{},{},1306.3888,1,2
397,easy,397,"But I believe that the new conceptual framework has many advantages , that it provides a much sounder footing for further developments , and that with some reorganisation of the learning processes in the SP model , its current weaknesses may be overcome ( Section [REF] ) .","But I believe that the new conceptual framework has many advantages , that it provides a much sounder footing for further developments , and that with some reorganisation of the learning processes in the SP computer model , its current weaknesses may be overcome ( Section [REF] ) .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [35, 36]}}",{},{},1306.3888,1,2
398,easy,398,A combination of the above result with the concrete forms of [MATH] and [MATH] ( see Eqs. ( [REF] ) - ( [REF] ) ) yields [EQUATION],Combining the above result with the concrete forms of [MATH] and [MATH] ( see Eqs. ( [REF] ) - ( [REF] ) ) yields [EQUATION],"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}}",{},{},1408.4517,1,2
399,easy,399,"Once the attribute networks are trained ( training details are provided in Sec. [REF] ) , we examine the response maps obtained from the attribute-aware networks .",We examine the response maps obtained from the attribute-aware networks .,"{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 16], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1701.08393,1,2
400,easy,400,"However , a very small decrease of [MATH] with increasing [MATH] can not be excluded : we show a fit to the form [MATH] , with [MATH] .","However , a very small decrease of [MATH] with increasing [MATH] can not be excluded : we show a fit to the form [MATH] , with [MATH] and [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [27, 29]}}",{},{},cond-mat-0006258,2,3
401,easy,401,Only phonons with a wavelength comparable or larger than the DQD size can interact with the electron .,Only phonons with a wavelength comparable or larger than the DQD separation can interact with the electron .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [11, 12]}}",{},{},0808.2905,1,2
402,easy,402,"We found that the [MATH] channel forms bound states for anti- [MATH] doublet ( [MATH] , [MATH] ) , while the [MATH] channel forms bound states for anti- [MATH] doublet ( [MATH] ) .","We found that the [MATH] channel forms bound states for the anti- [MATH] doublet ( [MATH] , [MATH] ) , while the [MATH] channel forms bound states for the anti- [MATH] doublet ( [MATH] ) .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 11]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [28, 29]}}",{},{},1212.5079,1,2
403,easy,403,"This is , to our knowledge , the first time that a pure RL method has solved addition using only reward feedback .","The proposed algorithm successfully solves a benchmark multi-digit addition task and generalizes to long sequences , which , to our knowledge , is the first time that a pure RL method has solved addition using only reward feedback .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 16]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [16, 17]}}",{},{},1611.09321,1,2
404,easy,404,We show that in Riemannian geometry the projective factor is always a Hamel function and hence we provide a Finslerian proof of classic Beltrami Theorem .,We show that in Riemannian geometry the projective factor is always a Hamel function and hence we provide a Finslerian proof of classical Beltrami Theorem .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [22, 23], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [22, 23]}}",{},{},1808.05001,1,2
405,easy,405,"Telecorrection , error correction by teleportation , requires the application of even fewer two-qubit gates to the data undergoing correction than a single coupling Steane error correction .","Telecorrection , error correction by teleportation , requires the application of even fewer two-qubit gates to the data undergoing correction than a single-coupling Steane error correction .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [22, 24], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [22, 23]}}",{},{},quant-ph-0605192,2,3
406,easy,406,"Then , at each time step , one picks arbitrarily each possible token ( diverging from the roll-in trajectory ) and then continues predicting to finish the modified trajectory using a roll-out strategy .","Then , at each time step [MATH] , one picks arbitrarily each possible token ( diverging from the roll-in trajectory ) and then continues predicting to finish the modified trajectory using a roll-out policy .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 7]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [32, 33], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [33, 34]}}",{},{},1706.04499,1,2
407,easy,407,"In this paper , we test this nonparametric modeling approach as a method of forecasting noisy observed Fourier modes of a selection of well-studied high-dimensional dynamical systems in various turbulent regimes .","In this paper , we test this nonparametric modeling approach as a method of forecasting noisy observations of Fourier modes from a selection of well-studied high-dimensional dynamical systems in various turbulent regimes .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [16, 17], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [16, 18]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [19, 20], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [20, 21]}}",{},{},1501.06848,1,2
408,easy,408,A natural candidate is Gribov 's U ( 1 ) [MATH] scenario .,"This requires a supercritically strong UV interaction , and a natural candidate is Gribov 's U ( 1 ) [MATH] scenario .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 9]}}",{},{},1201.3968,2,3
409,easy,409,"In this noncompact context a root subgroup factorization implies a unique Birkhoff factorization , but there are several obstacles for the converse .","However for loops in [MATH] , while a root subgroup factorization implies a unique Birkhoff factorization , there are several obstacles to the converse .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 7]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [14, 15], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [19, 20], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [21, 22]}}",{},{},1501.00917,1,2
410,easy,410,"Also , an approximate state can be reconstructed at any desired time by [MATH] .","From the reduced state [MATH] , an approximate state for the full system can be reconstructed at any desired time by [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 5]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 13]}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1201.3749,1,2
411,hard,411,"We shall refer to these three sets of predictions as "" max SU ( 3 ) "" ( first row ) , "" int SU ( 3 ) "" ( second row ) and "" no SU ( 3 ) "" ( third row ) respectively .","We shall refer to these three sets of predictions as "" Fit A "" ( first row ) , "" Fit B "" ( second row ) and "" Fit C "" ( third row ) respectively .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [11, 13]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [20, 22]}, '2': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [29, 31]}, '3': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 16], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '4': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [23, 28], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '5': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [35, 40], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1605.07665,1,2
412,easy,412,"Each cost function has its weight and other cost function parameters , if necessary .","Each cost function has its weight and may also have other cost function parameters , if necessary .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 10]}}",{},{},1707.02387,3,4
413,easy,413,The branching ratios of new lightest neutral and charged leptons decaying through [MATH] and [MATH] bosons are shown in Fig. [REF] .,The branching ratios of new lightest neutral and charged leptons decaying through [MATH] and [MATH] bosons are shown in figure [REF] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [19, 20], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [19, 20]}}",{},{},1512.07837,1,2
414,easy,414,The second limit is for excitation energies above the threshold for binding subsystems with fewer particles .,The less strict second limit is for excitation energies above the threshold for binding subsystems with fewer particles .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 3]}}",{},{},0911.1722,1,2
415,easy,415,"First note that all [MATH] , [MATH] , can be constructed on the same probability space , as a convolution of the same Brownian motion with different kernels which depend on [MATH] .","First note that all [MATH] , [MATH] , can be constructed on the same probability space , as a convolution of the same Brownian motion with different kernels which depend on [MATH] ( see [CITATION] ) .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [32, 36]}}",{},{},1711.00427,2,3
416,easy,416,Bridgeland [CITATION] showed a key result that the space [MATH] of stability conditions on [MATH] is a finite dimensional complex manifold .,"Bridgeland [CITATION] showed a key result that the space [MATH] of stability conditions on [MATH] is a finite dimensional complex manifold , provided that the rank of [MATH] is finite .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [21, 30]}}",{},{},1111.1010,4,5
417,easy,417,"Given a monotonic specification , [MATH] and a time series [MATH] , the boundary of the validity domain , [MATH] , of a monotonic specification is a hyper-surface that segments [MATH] into two connected components .","Given a monotonic specification , [MATH] , and a time series , [MATH] , the boundary of the validity domain , [MATH] , of a monotonic specification is a hyper-surface that segments [MATH] into two components .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 7]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [11, 12]}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [33, 34], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1802.08924,1,2
418,easy,418,"We compare the intensities of the [MATH] CO and C [MATH] O line emission integrated over the analyzed cloud and solve the equation [EQUATION] for [MATH] , where [MATH] is the intrinsic ratio of of the two mapped CO isotopologes .","We compare the intensities of the [MATH] CO and C [MATH] O line emission integrated over the analyzed cloud and solve the equation , [EQUATION] for [MATH] , where [MATH] is the intrinsic ratio of of the two mapped CO isotopologes .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [23, 24]}}",{},{},1308.6112,1,2
419,easy,419,"Therefore , we simply merge the two datasets to form one training dataset for language model training .","Therefore , we simply merge the two datasets to form a single dataset for language model training .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [10, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 12]}}",{},{},1905.04226,1,2
420,easy,420,"EID also requires the decomposition of the total Hilbert space into subsystems , but no general rule is available that would indicate where the split is to be placed , a conceptual difficulty admitted also by proponents of EID [CITATION] .","Furthermore , no general rule is available that would indicate where the split between system and environment is to be placed , a conceptual difficulty admitted also by proponents of EID [CITATION] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 2]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [13, 17]}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 14], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},quant-ph-0501138,1,2
421,easy,421,This capability makes these digitizer modules very suitable for a test bench experiment since an extra electronics for trigger is not required .,This capability makes these digitizer modules very suitable for a test bench experiment since no extra electronics are required for the trigger .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [20, 21]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [14, 15], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [19, 20], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [17, 18]}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [20, 21], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [14, 15]}}",{},{},1610.05667,1,2
422,easy,422,"Here Lorentzian spaces result compact , building up spheres , where hopefully the problem of the Standard Model could be solved .","Here Lorentzian spaces result compact , building up spheres , where hopefully the problems of the Standard Model could be solved .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [13, 14], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [13, 14]}}",{},{},0905.2902,1,2
423,easy,423,Flows from most of the methods were significantly correlated with both each other and with the true flows .,Flows from most of the methods tested by [CITATION] were significantly correlated with both each other and with the true flows .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 9]}}",{},{},1402.4794,2,3
424,easy,424,"The FES approach has been compared with the Thomas-Fermi ( TF ) formalism and we have shown that although there are differences in the definitions of certain quantities like the quasiparticle energies , the physical results are the same .","The FES approach has been compared with the TF formalism and we have shown that although there are differences in the definitions of certain quantities like the quasiparticle energies , the physical results are the same .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 10], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1303.5493,3,4
425,easy,425,"On the basis of the forces balance analysis and estimating the typical size of the fold involved into the motion , we arrive at the following predictions : [MATH] and [MATH] .","By estimating the typical size of the fold involved into the motion , we arrive at the following predictions : [MATH] and [MATH] , and we also confirm them by the molecular dynamics experiment .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [23, 34]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},cond-mat-0510418,1,2
426,easy,426,"Note that these maps lack any additional observational effects , such as noise , beam , or optical depth effects , and are thus only idealised approximations to real observations .","We note that these maps lack any additional observational effects , such as noise , beam , or optical depth effects , and are thus only idealised approximations to real observations .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}}",{},{},1711.01417,2,3
427,easy,427,"As it was pointed out in Ref. [CITATION] , this is due to an ordering ambiguity when taking the zero-momentum limit [MATH] and performing the [MATH] -integration ( we take the limit after performing the integration ) .","As it was pointed out in Ref. [CITATION] , this is due to an ordering ambiguity when taking the zero-momentum limit [MATH] and performing the [MATH] integration ( we take the limit after performing the integration ) .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [26, 27], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [26, 27]}}",{},{},1106.6035,1,2
428,easy,428,"We examine the [MATH] -dependence of [MATH] , to find that it increases linearly with [MATH] as [MATH] in the weak frictional regime [MATH] .","We examine the [MATH] -dependence of [MATH] , to find that it increases linearly with [MATH] as [MATH] in the weak frictional instability regime [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [22, 23]}}",{},{},1401.3247,1,2
429,easy,429,"The GB invariant is just ( the quadratic ) one of a general class called Lovelock invariants , constructed of various powers of the curvature tensor , which lead to special properties for the equations of motion [CITATION] .","The GB invariant is just ( the quadratic ) member of a general class of Lovelock invariants , constructed of various powers of the curvature tensor , which lead to special properties for the equations of motion [CITATION] .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [9, 10], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 10]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-other', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [14, 15], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [14, 15]}}",{},{},hep-ph-0603242,1,2
430,easy,430,"Hence , the rapidly oscillating vacuum pressure is zero on average and the main contribution of the oscillating vacuum energy density behaves effectively as cold dark matter .","In turn , this implies that the rapidly oscillating vacuum pressure is zero on average and that the main contribution of the oscillating vacuum energy density behaves effectively as cold dark matter .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 6]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [16, 17]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 2]}}",{},{},0806.2805,3,4
431,easy,431,This results in particle inertia 's non-monotonic effects on the VLSMs : low and high inertia both strengthen the VLSM whereas moderate and very high inertia have very little influence .,This results in particle inertia 's non-monotonic effects on the VLSMs : low inertia ( based on the inner scale ) and high inertia ( based on the outer scale ) both strengthen the VLSMs whereas moderate and very high inertia have little influence .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [13, 21]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [24, 31]}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [27, 28], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [19, 20], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [34, 35]}}",{},{},1811.04339,1,2
432,easy,432,Measurements were done for 15 points along the [MATH] -axis of the bar .,Measurements were done for 15 points along the [MATH] axis of the bar .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [9, 10], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 10]}}",{},{},1610.05667,1,2
433,easy,433,"The total number of particles , momentum and energy of the system are [EQUATION] respectively .","The total number of particles , the momentum , and the energy of the system are [EQUATION] respectively .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 7]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 11]}, '2': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 9]}}",{},{},1303.5493,3,4
434,easy,434,"We use AdFisher to find that Ad Settings is opaque about some features of a user 's profile , that it does provide some choice on ads , and that these choices can lead to seemingly discriminatory ads .","We use AdFisher to find that the Ad Settings was opaque about some features of a user 's profile , that it does provide some choice on ads , and that these choices can lead to seemingly discriminatory ads .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 7]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 10]}}",{},{},1408.6491,1,2
435,easy,435,It can be further reduced by switching off the trap more slowly .,The number of excitations can be reduced by switching off the trap more slowly .,"{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 4]}}",{},{},0807.2194,1,2
436,easy,436,The above contradictory results and the idea that some general simple mechanism might still be present in all the above materials naturally suggests to look for other descriptions of the anomalous low [MATH] magnetic relaxation .,The above contradictory results suggests to look for additional descriptions of the anomalous low [MATH] magnetic relaxation .,"{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 22], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [26, 27], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 9]}}",{},{},cond-mat-0006258,2,3
437,easy,437,These couplings are fixed by symmetry conditions such as the Ward-Takahashi identities .,"Here , only the three-point and four-point couplings among the Goldstone and Higgs bosons are needed , and these couplings are fixed by symmetry conditions such as the Ward-Takahashi identities .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 18]}}",{},{},1201.3968,1,2
438,easy,438,Integration over the post-shock volume causes the cutoffs to add up to a new power-law that is steeper by unity ( equation [REF] ) compared to the injection power-law .,Integration over the post-shock volume causes the cutoffs to add up to a new power-law that is steeper by unity compared to the injection power-law ( equation [REF] ) .,{},{},{},1001.5023,1,2
439,easy,439,The tension measurements can be done contactless within a few seconds .,Both the position and the tension measurements can be performed within a few seconds without touching the wire .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 4]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [5, 6], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 10]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 7], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [14, 18]}}",{},{},0907.5490,1,2
440,easy,440,"Thus , in addition to simple pomeron exchanges of Fig. [REF] , one has to consider multiple exchanges of coupled enhanced graphs .","Taking Pomeron-Pomeron interactions into account , one has to consider multiple exchanges of coupled enhanced graphs , in addition to simple Pomeron exchanges of Fig. [REF] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 5]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 7], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [21, 22]}}",{},{},hep-ph-0612175,1,2
441,easy,441,"For each file request , at most one chunk is added in gLRU as compared to that in LRU where entire file is added .","For each file request , at most one chunk is added in gLRU whereas in LRU where the entire file is added .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [13, 20], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [13, 18]}}",{},{},1806.10853,1,2
442,easy,442,The blue curves in Fig. [REF] show the current velocity dispersion of subsets of particles binned according to [MATH] .,The blue curves in Figure [REF] show the current velocity dispersion of subsets of particles binned according to [MATH] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 5], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 5]}}",{},{},1405.3317,1,2
443,easy,443,"The limiting J magnitude that we use is thus actually defined by the limiting K magnitude , combined with the ( J-K ) colors expected for the objects of interest .","The limiting J magnitude that we use is thus actually defined by the limiting Ks magnitude , combined with the ( J-Ks ) colors expected for the objects of interest .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [14, 15], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [14, 15]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [21, 22], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [21, 22]}}",{},{},astro-ph-9907028,1,2
444,easy,444,We presented a real-time motion planning algorithm that computes appropriate motion trajectories for a robot based on complex NLP instructions .,We present a motion planning algorithm that computes appropriate motion trajectories for a robot based on complex NLP instructions .,"{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [1, 2], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 2]}}",{},{},1707.02387,3,4
445,easy,445,The integral in equation ( [REF] ) is also an elliptic integral that can be reduced to [MATH] accordingly .,The integral in equation ( [REF] ) is also an elliptic integral and can be reduced to [MATH] accordingly .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [12, 13], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [12, 13]}}",{},{},1008.4414,2,3
446,easy,446,"That is , the information about the initial state is lost entirely when the system is driven adiabatically through the exceptional points .","That is , information about the initial state is lost when the system is driven adiabatically through the exceptional points .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1906.03073,1,2
447,easy,447,We have searched for long bursts that begin with a bright enough pulse during the first two seconds .,"We have searched for long bursts that begin with a bright pulse during the first two seconds , also demanding that the counts would drop back to the background level during this time .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [17, 33]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},astro-ph-0103192,1,2
448,easy,448,"We observe that a graph can be both categorically labelled and continuously attributed , and one could extend the above scheme by jointly considering this information , for instance by concatenating the node features .","We observe that a graph can be both categorically labelled and continuously attributed , and one could extend the above scheme by jointly considering this information ( for instance , by concatenating the node features ) .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [26, 27]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [35, 36]}}",{},{},1906.01277,1,2
449,easy,449,The continuous transition obtained in the mean-field calculation respects the PHS and [MATH] rotational symmetry because fLSM enjoys those symmetries .,The continuous transition obtained in the mean-field calculation respects the PHS and SO ( 3 ) rotational symmetry because F-LSM enjoys those symmetries .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [12, 13], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [12, 16]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [16, 17], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [19, 20]}}",{},{},1811.00021,1,2
450,easy,450,A lot more detail may be found in B ( Chapter 9 ) .,A lot more detail may be found in BK ( Chapter 9 ) .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 9]}}",{},{},1306.3888,1,2
451,easy,451,"When convolved with the query image , the proxy activates pixels maximally similar to the class signature .","When convolved with the query image , the proxy activates pixels maximally similar to that class signature .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [14, 15], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [14, 15]}}",{},{},1902.11123,2,3
452,easy,452,"Naturally , the required sampling time is anti-correlated with the total sample area and can be significantly reduced if larger samples ( of the order of 10 cm [MATH] ) can be used .","Naturally , the required sampling time is inversely proportional to the total sample area and can be significantly reduced if larger samples ( of the order of 10 cm [MATH] ) are used .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [30, 32], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [31, 32]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 10]}}",{},{},1309.6215,1,2
453,easy,453,"The calculated H [MATH] column density is around a few times [MATH] cm [MATH] for most of the cloud , but parts in the Northwest and the center peak at about [MATH] cm [MATH] .","The calculated H [MATH] column density is on the order of around a few times of [MATH] cm [MATH] for most of the cloud , but parts in the northwest and the center peak at about [MATH] cm [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 11]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [15, 16]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [24, 25], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [29, 30]}}",{},{},1308.6112,1,2
454,easy,454,The tool automates the simulation of having a particular interest or attribute by visiting webpages associated with that interest or by altering the ad settings provided by Google .,The tool can simulate having a particular interest or attribute by visiting webpages associated with that interest or by altering the ad settings provided by Google .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 6], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 4]}}",{},{},1408.6491,1,2
455,easy,455,"To be slightly more precise , we recall that the Schrödinger equation describing a ' non-relativistic ' particle of mass [MATH] in a background Newtonian gravitational field with potential [MATH] is [EQUATION]","To be slightly more precise , we recall that the Schrödinger equation describing a ' non-relativistic ' ( i.e. not Poincaré invariant ) particle of mass [MATH] and zero spin in a background Newtonian gravitational field with potential [MATH] is [EQUATION]","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [17, 23]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [27, 30]}}",{},{},1812.05181,1,2
456,hard,456,None of them however solve the update locking problem or forward locking problem which we consider .,"However , they do not solve the update or forward locking problems , which we consider .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 2]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [12, 13]}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 5]}, '4': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [12, 13], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [11, 12]}}",{},{},1901.08164,1,2
457,easy,457,Also the metalicity of the galaxy is traced in a self-consistent manner using the prescription of Woosley Weaver ( 1995 ) to model the enrichment of the inter-stellar medium .,"In addition , the metalicity of each galaxy is traced in a self-consistent manner using the prescription of Woosley Weaver ( 1995 ) , to model the enrichment of the inter-stellar medium .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 3]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [23, 24]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 2]}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 5], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 7]}}",{},{},astro-ph-0210471,1,2
458,easy,458,"The first term in ( [REF] ) is not always zero , but it is a well-defined expression !","The first term in ( [REF] ) is not always zero , but it does not contain pinching singularities !","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [14, 19]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [14, 18], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},hep-ph-9801399,1,2
459,easy,459,"This feature can be used , e.g. , to introduce a "" gradual burn-in , "" by defining a decaying sequence [MATH] .","This feature can be used , for example , to introduce a ' gradual burn-in , ' by defining a decaying sequence [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-other', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 7], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 8]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [12, 13]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [15, 16], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [16, 17]}}",{},{},0811.4095,2,3
460,easy,460,"In practice , database codes will generally not be uniformly distributed , nor are uniformly distributed codes ideal for multi-index hashing .","In practice , database codes will not be uniformly distributed , nor are uniformly distributed codes ideal for multi-index hashing .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 7], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1307.2982,2,3
461,easy,461,The magnetic rigidity of [MATH] Na is [MATH] lower than the rigidity of the [MATH] Ne beam which allows full their separation .,The magnetic rigidity of [MATH] Na is [MATH] lower than the rigidity of the [MATH] Ne beam which allows their complete separation .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [19, 20], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [20, 21]}}",{},{},0709.3670,1,2
462,easy,462,"This is relevant for the dynamics of baroclinic disks , especially if these can not be regarded as thin .","This is relevant for the dynamics of disks with baroclinic equilibrium structure , especially if these can not be regarded as thin .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 9]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 12]}}",{},{},1406.4864,1,2
463,easy,463,In Section [REF] we describe our convolution architecture for human body-part segmentation and depth estimation .,In Section [REF] we describe our CNN architecture for human body part segmentation and depth estimation .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 7], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 7]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [10, 11], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 12]}}",{},{},1701.01370,1,2
464,easy,464,"The main motivation is not to present new data , however , but to introduce an electrical equivalent-circuit model representing data very well ; the new model is an extension of a model discussed previously by our group [CITATION] .","The main motivation is not to present new data , however , but to introduce an electrical equivalent-circuit model representing data very well .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [23, 39], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1701.05086,1,2
465,easy,465,We fitted the power density spectra of the source in the 0.02-150 Hz range to analytic models using [MATH] minimization technique to quantify their characteristics .,We fitted the power density spectra of the source in the 0.02-150 Hz range to analytic models using the [MATH] minimization technique to quantify their characteristics .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [18, 19]}}",{},{},astro-ph-9903306,1,2
466,easy,466,"The "" self-orthogonality "" phenomenon is clarified in terms of a correct spectral decomposition and it is shown that "" self-orthogonal "" states never jeopardize decomposition of unity and thereby quantum averages of observables .","The "" self-orthogonality "" phenomenon is clarified in terms of a correct spectral decomposition and it is shown that "" self-orthogonal "" states never jeopardize resolution of identity and thereby quantum averages of observables .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [25, 28], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [25, 28]}}",{},{},quant-ph-0602207,2,3
467,easy,467,We deem that the two charmed quarks are always emitted in 180 [MATH] angle in their respective center-of-mass frame while this angle is typically much smaller in the laboratory frame due to large Lorentz boosts especially in the longitudinal direction .,"We deem that the two charmed quarks are always emitted in 180 [MATH] angle in their respective center-of-mass frame while this angle is typically much smaller in the laboratory frame due to large Lorentz boosts in the longitudinal direction , especially at large forward and backward rapidities .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [39, 40]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [41, 47]}}",{},{},1005.0500,1,2
468,easy,468,"Secondly , even if the given system were solvable , the associated dimension of the object to be filtered is very high ( of order of [MATH] or greater ) thus posing great computational challenges , e.g. with regards to the storage of covariance matrices .","Secondly , even if the given system were solvable , the associated dimension of the object to be filtered is very high ( of order of [MATH] or greater ) thus posing great computational challenges .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [35, 45], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1710.11529,2,3
469,easy,469,"Thus , the adaptation process is performed on the background class weights solely in the few-shot setup .",The adaptation process is performed on the background class weights from the large scale training .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 15]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 2], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [12, 17], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1902.11123,3,4
470,easy,470,The extension to finite temperature was investigated in [CITATION] etc .,The extension to finite temperature was investigated in [CITATION] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [9, 10], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1201.2485,1,2
471,easy,471,"Introducing an ultraviolet ( UV ) cut-off [MATH] , we find [MATH] for the most symmetric condition ( [MATH] , [MATH] , and [MATH] ) , which corresponds to [MATH] .","Introducing an ultraviolet ( UV ) cutoff [MATH] , we find [MATH] for the most symmetric condition ( [MATH] , [MATH] , and [MATH] ) , which corresponds to [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 7], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 7]}}",{},{},1811.00021,1,2
472,easy,472,"Many organic liquids are easily supercooled and good glass formers , usually with the glass transition taking place far below room temperature .","Many organic liquids are easily supercooled and excellent glass formers , usually with the glass transition taking place far below room temperature .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 8]}}",{},{},1701.05086,1,2
473,easy,473,"The Fourier expansion of the electron density in the interstitial region ( i.e. valence charge density ) is cut-off at [MATH] , leading to 913 and 6524 plane waves for the [MATH] and the [MATH] phases , respectively .","The Fourier expansion of the electron density in the interstitial region ( i.e. valence charge density ) is cut-off at [MATH] , leading to 913 and 6524 plane waves for the [MATH] and the [MATH] structures , respectively .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [35, 36], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [35, 36]}}",{},{},cond-mat-0610066,1,2
474,easy,474,"For particles with additional degrees of freedom relations ( [REF] ) - ( [REF] ) are provided with extra factors [MATH] for spin 1/2 , [MATH] for vector particle , etc. , and similarly for internal degrees of freedom .","For particles with additional degrees of freedom , relations ( [REF] ) - ( [REF] ) are provided with extra factors [MATH] for spin 1/2 , [MATH] for vector particle , etc. , and similarly for internal degrees of freedom .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 8]}}",{},{},hep-ph-9801399,1,2
475,easy,475,"To predict the fragmentation of a filament a more complex model is essential , one that not only considers the balance between internal self-gravity and thermal pressure , but also other forces , such as external hydrostatic , turbulent , or magnetic pressure .","To predict the fragmentation of a filament , a more complex model is essential ; one that not only considers the balance between internal self-gravity and thermal pressure , but also other forces , such as external hydrostatic , turbulent , or magnetic pressure .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 8]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [13, 14], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [14, 15]}}",{},{},1711.01417,2,3
476,easy,476,"This section illustrates the theoretical properties for the confidence interval in Section [REF] , using simulated datasets .","Using simulated datasets , this section illustrates the theoretical properties for the confidence interval in the previous section .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 13], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [15, 18]}}",{},{},1511.04162,1,2
477,easy,477,"However , in the densest parts of W43-Main the Herschel H [MATH] column density reaches values of several [MATH] cm [MATH] , with a maximum of [MATH] cm [MATH] , while the CO derived values peak at [MATH] cm [MATH] .","However , the Herschel H [MATH] column density reaches values of several [MATH] cm [MATH] in the densest parts of W43-Main , with a maximum of [MATH] cm [MATH] , while the CO derived values peak at [MATH] cm [MATH] .",{},{},{},1308.6112,1,2
478,easy,478,"Since both [MATH] and [MATH] are Gaussian distributions , [MATH] is also Gaussian , and its mean vector [MATH] and covariance matrix [MATH] are computed using the standard Kalman filter recursion as [EQUATION] where [EQUATION] is the Kalman gain [CITATION] .","Since both [MATH] and [MATH] in Eq. ( [REF] ) are Gaussian distributions , [MATH] is also Gaussian , and its mean vector [MATH] and covariance matrix [MATH] are computed using the standard Kalman filter recursion as [EQUATION] where [EQUATION] is the Kalman gain [CITATION] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 10]}}",{},{},1607.08685,1,2
479,easy,479,"First , [MATH] is defined by [EQUATION] where [MATH] and [MATH] are conditionally independent of [MATH] .","First , [MATH] is defined by [EQUATION]","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 17], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1511.04162,1,2
480,easy,480,"While the LHC has the potential of discovering the [MATH] up to [MATH] TeV with 100 fb [MATH] data at [MATH] TeV , to establish the flavorful nature of the [MATH] requires much higher integrated luminosity .","While the LHC has the potential of discovering the [MATH] up to [MATH] TeV with 100 fb [MATH] data at the center of mass energy [MATH] TeV , to establish the flavorful nature of the [MATH] requires much higher integrated luminosity .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [20, 25]}}",{},{},0910.5029,1,2
481,easy,481,"This is in sharp contrast with the local equilibrium involved in the standard shearing box framework that is unable to capture the variation of the angular frequency with height , preventing its use when modeling disks with a baroclinic equilibrium structure .","This is in sharp contrast with the local equilibrium involved in the SSB framework that is unable to capture the variation of the angular frequency with height , preventing its use when modeling disks with a baroclinic equilibrium structure .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [12, 15], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [12, 13]}}",{},{},1406.4864,2,3
482,easy,482,A similar situation has been encountered in the context of dirty [MATH] -wave superconductors [CITATION] where it has been argued that the quasiparticle conductivity receives aditional logarithmic contributions from the processes involving one RA and one RR ( AA ) Cooperon [CITATION] .,A similar situation has been encountered in the context of dirty [MATH] -wave superconductors [CITATION] where it has been argued that the quasiparticle conductivity receives aditional logarithmic contributions from the processes involving RR ( AA ) Cooperons [CITATION] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [32, 36], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [40, 41], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [36, 37]}}",{},{},cond-mat-0602398,1,2
483,easy,483,This measurement has been proven to be optimal if a homodyne configuration with a pulse shaped reference beam is used .,This measurement has been proven to be optimal when used in a homodyne configuration with a pulse shaped reference beam .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 11]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [18, 19], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 9]}}",{},{},1401.3528,2,3
484,easy,484,"Later on this condition will be relaxed , allowing for high but finite temperatures .","Later on the fully decohered state condition will be relaxed , allowing for finite temperatures .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [10, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 6]}}",{},{},1906.06206,1,2
485,easy,485,"In contrast , here we show the existence of decoherence due to general relativistic time dilation without any breakdown of quantum mechanics and which takes place even for isolated composite systems .","In contrast , here we derive the existence of decoherence due to time dilation without any modification of quantum mechanics and which takes place even for isolated composite systems .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [12, 14], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [5, 6], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 6]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [18, 19], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [16, 17]}}",{},{},1311.1095,1,2
486,easy,486,"For the toy high-absorption model , the list of 45 sources in the sample is available from the authors by request .","For the toy black upper-limit black model , the list of 29 black sources in the sample is available from the authors by request .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 6]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [9, 10], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [11, 13]}}",{},{},1810.03443,1,2
487,easy,487,"We call a theory causal realistic if and only if all achievable probability distributions [MATH] , which we call processes , result from a convex mixture of possible causal orders , i.e. , [EQUATION] where [MATH] is the event [MATH] and [MATH] is a shared quantity depending on a random variable neither chosen by [MATH] nor by [MATH] .","We call a theory causal realistic if all achievable probability distributions [MATH] result from a convex mixture of possible causal orders , i.e. , [EQUATION] where [MATH] is the event [MATH] , and [MATH] is an instantiation of a [MATH] that depends on a variable not in either of the sets [MATH] or [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [31, 32]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [15, 21], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [43, 57], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [35, 53]}}",{},{},1403.7333,1,2
488,easy,488,"This is intended to facilitate faster development , while permitting the user to define arbitrary distributions easily .",This is intended to allow faster development while permitting the user to define arbitrary distributions easily .,"{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 5], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 5]}}",{},{},0811.4095,2,3
489,easy,489,Then for any [MATH] and any [MATH] there exists a constant [MATH] such that the following estimate holds [EQUATION],"Then , for any [EQUATION] and any [MATH] there exists a constant [MATH] such that the following estimate holds [EQUATION]","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 2]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 5]}}",{},{},1503.00945,1,2
490,easy,490,"For comparison , the green dashed line shows the predicted values assuming [MATH] -like symmetry of the bright excitons .","For comparison , we also show the predicted values assuming a nonrelativistic bright [MATH] states .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 12]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [13, 17], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 6]}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [18, 19], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [14, 15]}}",{},{},1404.4238,2,3
491,easy,491,"In the likelihood for our parameters we use the 100 GHz data up to [MATH] , the 143 GHz datau to [MATH] and the 217 GHz data up to [MATH] .","In the likelihood for our parameters we use the 100 GHz data up to [MATH] , the 143 GHz data to [MATH] and the 217 GHz data up to [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [19, 20], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [19, 20]}}",{},{},1308.3705,1,2
492,easy,492,"These results show that , for the value of [MATH] studied here , a consistent decay behavior of [MATH] hinges on the phase restrictions imposed on the coefficients .","These results show that , for the bath size studied here , a consistent occurence of a decay of [MATH] hinges on the phase restrictions imposed on the coefficients describing the observable and the initial state of the environment .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [29, 39]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 10], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 9]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [15, 17], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [14, 18]}}",{},{},quant-ph-0501138,1,2
493,easy,493,"In Ref. [CITATION] , we proposed an extension to the constituent quark model to comprise the non-valence quark excitations .","In Ref. [CITATION] , we proposed an extension to the constituent quark model to comprise the RPA [MATH] -component quark excitations .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [16, 17], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [16, 19]}}",{},{},hep-ph-0306213,2,3
494,easy,494,"We discuss potential biases and systematic errors and , by performig various tests , conclude that they can not be responsible for the effect we observe .","We discuss potential biases and systematic errors and , by performing various tests , conclude that they can not seriously affect our resultsblack .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [10, 11], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 11]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [19, 26], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [19, 23]}}",{},{},1810.03443,1,2
495,easy,495,"For the quark part we choose the "" clover "" improvement of the Wilson action [CITATION] , adopting , for the clover coefficient , a mean-field value [MATH] with the one-loop result [MATH] [CITATION] substituted for the plaquette [MATH] .","For the quark part we choose the "" clover "" improvement of the Wilson action [CITATION] , adopting , for the clover coefficient , a mean-field value [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [28, 39], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},hep-lat-0004010,1,2
496,easy,496,"The single photoelectron ( SPE ) signals , assuming an overall gain of 2 [MATH] , is about 10 mV in amplitude with a few tens of ns timing span ( taking into account the bandwidth limitations from the cables , etc ) .","The single photoelectron ( SPE ) signals , assuming an overall gain of 2 [MATH] , are about 10 mV in amplitude with a full-width-half-maximum of about 20 ns and a full range of about 100 ns ( see later Fig. [REF] ) , resulting in an approximate 10 mV [MATH] 20 ns conversion factor from pulse area to a SPE .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [25, 61]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [26, 43], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [16, 17], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [16, 17]}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [24, 26], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [24, 25]}}",{},{},1602.00858,1,2
497,easy,497,Observe that the validity domains of monotonic specifications are uniquely defined by the hyper surface that separates them from the rest of the parameter space .,"First , observe that the validity domains of monotonic specifications are uniquely defined by the hyper-surface that separates them from the rest of the parameter space .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 2]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [13, 15], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [15, 16]}}",{},{},1802.08924,1,2
498,easy,498,The confidence interval also rejects parameter value which does not belong to the sharp identified set .,The confidence interval also rejects parameter values which do not belong to the sharp identified set .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 7], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 7]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 9]}}",{},{},1511.04162,2,3
499,easy,499,We describe a mean field interacting particle system in any number of dimensions and generic external potential as an ideal gas with fractional exclusion statistics ( FES ) .,We describe a mean field interacting particle system in any number of dimensions and in a generic external potential as an ideal gas with fractional exclusion statistics ( FES ) .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [14, 16]}}",{},{},1303.5493,3,4
500,easy,500,"Because we have consistently retained the leading order in all the approximations involving the bulk-flow , the two important flow properties discussed in Section [REF] remain unaltered .","Because we have retained the leading order in all the approximations involving the bulk-flow , the two important flow properties discussed in Section [REF] remain unaltered .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1406.4864,1,2
501,easy,501,The magnetic field appears as an additional effective phase breaking rate for the time reversed trajectories responsible of the WL leading to an effective [MATH] given by [CITATION] : [EQUATION] where [MATH] can be understood as a renormalized width which appears in the WL correction for a semi ballistic wire in the regime [MATH] due to the phenomenon of flux cancellation .,The magnetic field appears as an additional effective phase breaking rate for the time reversed trajectories responsible for the WL leading to an effective [MATH] given by [CITATION] : [EQUATION] where [MATH] is a renormalized width which appears in the WL correction for a semi ballistic wire ( [MATH] ) due to the phenomenon of flux cancellation .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [17, 18], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [17, 18]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [32, 54], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [32, 50]}}",{},{},cond-mat-0402534,1,2
502,easy,502,"Clear correlation between QPO parameters and X-ray flux have been found , when the source have been in its initial bright hard state .","When the source was observed in VHS , a clear correlation between QPO parameters and X-ray flux was seen .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 9]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [15, 23], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 7]}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 11], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [17, 19]}}",{},{},astro-ph-9903306,1,2
503,easy,503,We see a number of different sizes and shapes from small spherical clouds to expanded filaments and more complex structures .,We see a number of different sizes and shapes that range from small spherical clouds to expanded filaments and more complex structures .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 11]}}",{},{},1308.6112,1,2
504,easy,504,( Outline ) Bernoulli sampling is done in expected time [MATH] by generating skip values with a geometric distribution .,( Outline ) Bernoulli sampling is done in expected time [MATH] by generating skip values with a geometric distribution using success probability [MATH] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [19, 23]}}",{},{},1502.03942,1,2
505,easy,505,We then find the solution valid to [MATH] [EQUATION] where in the second line of ( [REF] ) we have taken the early-time limit [MATH] .,We then find the solution valid to [MATH] [EQUATION] where in the second line of ( [REF] ) we focus on the early-time regime where [MATH] is negative and large .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [23, 25], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [23, 30]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [19, 21], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [19, 21]}}",{},{},1505.04226,1,2
506,easy,506,We run separate experiments with the slowdown applied at each layer of the network as well as 3 random seeds for each of these settings ( for a total of 18 experiments per data point ) .,We run separate experiments with the slowdown applied at each layer of the network as well as 3 random seeds for each of these settings ( thus 18 experiments per data point ) .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [26, 30], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [26, 27]}}",{},{},1901.08164,1,2
507,hard,507,This entropy quantifies the amount of missing information regarding the property [MATH] in the pure or mixed quantum state .,This operator entropy quantifies the amount of information about the property [MATH] that is missing in the ( pure or mixed ) quantum state .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 2]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [12, 14]}, '2': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [17, 18]}, '3': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [21, 22]}, '4': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 9]}}",{},{},1901.08956,1,2
508,easy,508,These sources also have a galactocentric radius of 6 kpc .,These sources also have a Galactocentric radius of 6 kpc .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [5, 6], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 6]}}",{},{},1308.6112,1,2
509,easy,509,They are read out from the top by 4 photomultiplier tubes ( PMT ) per cell .,They are read out from the top by four photomultiplier tubes ( PMT ) per cell .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 9]}}",{},{},1806.02096,1,2
510,easy,510,The Fig. [REF] shows there is a continuous phase and does't appear phase transition with [MATH] .,Fig. [REF] shows a continuous phase and does not appear phase transition with [MATH] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 6], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [10, 11], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 9]}}",{},{},1806.00361,1,2
511,easy,511,"This value of [MATH] is much less than other values that are obtained in the literature [CITATION] and , in this sense , compares more favourably with the recent LHC results [CITATION] which suggest [MATH] GeV .",This value of [MATH] is not far from the recent LHC results [CITATION] which suggest [MATH] GeV .,"{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [5, 24], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [24, 27], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 8]}}",{},{},1201.3968,2,3
512,easy,512,In Sec. 4 conclusions are drawn .,In Sec. [REF] conclusions are drawn .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 3]}}",{},{},1712.00969,1,2
513,easy,513,"Accordingly , the final baryon-to-entropy ratio can be rewritten as [CITATION] [EQUATION] where [MATH] is given by [EQUATION] with [EQUATION]","Accordingly , the final baryon-to-entropy ratio can be rewritten as [CITATION] [EQUATION] where the parameter [MATH] is defined as [EQUATION] with [EQUATION]","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [13, 15]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [15, 17], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [17, 19]}}",{},{},1707.05535,1,2
514,easy,514,"The calculations have to be performed numerically because the function [MATH] appearing in param is not known , but is defined implicitly by klh .","The calculations have to be performed numerically because the function [MATH] appearing in param is not known , but it is defined implicitly by klh .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [19, 20]}}",{},{},1510.04030,2,3
515,easy,515,"Since [MATH] by our assumption , it follows that [EQUATION] and therefore [MATH] are uniformly integrable .",It follows that [EQUATION],"{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 6], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [10, 17], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1711.00427,2,3
516,easy,516,The central energy of the Gaussian line is swept over 6.0 keV to 7.1 keV with a step of 0.1 keV .,The central energy of the Gaussian line is swept from 6.0 keV to 7.1 keV in steps of 0.1 keV .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [9, 10], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 10]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [15, 18], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [15, 17]}}",{},{},0812.3358,1,2
517,easy,517,In this section we prove that the invariant manifold obtained in the last section has the asymptotic completeness property .,"In this section we prove Theorem [REF] , by showing that the invariant manifold obtained in the last section has the almost sure asymptotic completeness property .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 10]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [21, 23]}}",{},{},math-0607050,1,2
518,easy,518,Suppose that during MCMC we would like to exchange information between a pair of chains ( typically of consecutive temperatures in the ladder ) [MATH] and [MATH] where [MATH] and [MATH] are [MATH] -dimensional vectors that indicate the current states of these chains .,Suppose that during MCMC we would like to exchange information between a pair of chains [MATH] and [MATH] where [MATH] and [MATH] are [MATH] -dimensional vectors that indicate the current states of these chains .,"{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [15, 24], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1703.08520,1,2
519,easy,519,"Since we are dealing with a self-modifying parser , we would run into problems if the parser were to backtrack , from [MATH] to [MATH] -not insurmountable problems , to be sure , but we will find a satisfactory non-backtracking method of parsing that does not have these problems .","Since we are dealing with a self-modifying parser , we would run into problems if the parser were to backtrack from [MATH] to [MATH] -not insurmountable problems , to be sure , but we will find a satisfactory non-backtracking method of parsing that does not have these problems .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [20, 21], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},cs-0605104,1,2
520,easy,520,"Recently , there has been a proliferation of sensors that monitor diverse kinds of real-time data .","Recently , there has been a proliferation of sensors that monitor diverse kinds of real-time data representing time-series behaviors or signals generated by systems and devices that are monitored through such sensors .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [16, 32]}}",{},{},1802.08924,1,2
521,easy,521,"Remarkably , important features of Anderson localization , such as the existence of a metallic phase and the qualitative characteristics of the Anderson transition , depend only on the dimensionality and the symmetries of the system , in close analogy to conventional continuous phase transitions .","Remarkably , important features of Anderson localization , such as the existence of a metallic phase and the qualitative characteristics of the Anderson transition , depend on the dimensionality and the symmetries of the system , in close analogy to conventional continuous phase transitions .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [26, 27], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1508.04284,1,2
522,easy,522,The corresponding values of [MATH] and [MATH] are given in terms of the scale of colour shown on the right of every plot .,The corresponding values of [MATH] and [MATH] are given in terms of the colour scale shown on the right of every plot .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [13, 16], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [13, 15]}}",{},{},1510.04030,2,3
523,easy,523,"Again , both the the thermal fluctuations of the substrate and that of the environment contribute to the boundary-dependent energy shift of the atom out of thermal equilibrium , but now their contributions are of the same order and all proportional to [MATH] .","Again , the thermal fluctuations of both the substrate and that of the environment contribute to the boundary-dependent energy shift of the atom out of thermal equilibrium , but now their contributions are of the same order and are all proportional to [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [38, 39]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1408.4517,1,2
524,easy,524,"Again , it can be seen that numerical errors are clearly not playing a large part .","Again , it can be seen that numerical errors are not playing a large part .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [10, 11], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1007.1599,1,2
525,easy,525,"The transmission function [MATH] should be selected so that [MATH] is [MATH] - distributed , and is a fixed function of some random variable [MATH] satisfying properties [MATH] and [MATH] .","The transmission function [MATH] should be selected so that [MATH] is [MATH] -distributed , and is a fixed function of some random variable [MATH] satisfying properties [MATH] and [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [12, 14], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [12, 13]}}",{},{},1204.4249,1,2
526,easy,526,"We abuse the notation [MATH] to mean both the intersection and the winding number of the intersection , so the left-hand Eq. ( [REF] ) should be read as stating that there are equally many positive points as negative points in the total intersection .","We abuse the notation [MATH] to mean both the intersection and the winding number of the intersection , so the left-hand side of Eq. ( [REF] ) should be read as stating that there are equally many positive points as negative points in the total intersection .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [21, 23]}}",{},{},1211.4024,2,3
527,easy,527,[MATH] corresponds to the nuclear structure factor [MATH] where [MATH] is given for instance by Eq. ( 12 ) of Croft et al [CITATION] or Eq. [REF] below .,[MATH] corresponds to the nuclear structure factor [MATH] where [MATH] is given for instance by Eq. ( 12 ) in [CITATION] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [20, 23], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [24, 28], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [19, 20], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [19, 20]}}",{},{},1710.08173,2,3
528,easy,528,We compute the Gaussian Mixture Model ( GMM ) on the probability distribution [MATH] and model our probability with non-root factors as following : [EQUATION],"We compute the Gaussian Mixture Model ( GMM ) on the probability distribution [MATH] and model our probability with non-root factors as follows : [EQUATION] where [MATH] is the normalization factor , [MATH] is the feature function , and [MATH] and [MATH] are the log-linearization of the feature function .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [25, 50]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [22, 23], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [22, 23]}}",{},{},1707.02387,2,3
529,easy,529,"Taking Lemma [REF] and ( [REF] ) into account , we have [EQUATION] and [EQUATION] .","Taking Lemma [REF] and ( [REF] ) into account with [MATH] , we have [EQUATION] and [EQUATION] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 11]}}",{},{},1312.0576,1,2
530,easy,530,The current shifts significantly the resonant configuration for the bottom and surface wavenumbers .,The current imposed here shifts significantly the resonant configuration for the bottom and surface wavenumbers .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 4]}}",{},{},physics-0510150,1,2
531,easy,531,"Due to asymptotic freedom , the coupling of strong interactions decreases when the energy of the process increases .","As a consequence of asymptotic freedom , the coupling of strong interactions decreases when the energy of the process increases .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 2], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 4]}}",{},{},1301.4457,2,3
532,easy,532,We find that it will be challenging to detect cluster gamma-ray emission with Fermi after the first year but this mission has the potential of constraining interesting values of the shock acceleration efficiency after several years of surveying .,We find that it will be challenging to detect cluster [MATH] -ray emission with Fermi after the second year but this mission has the potential of constraining interesting values of the shock acceleration efficiency after several years of surveying .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [10, 11], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 12]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [16, 17], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [17, 18]}}",{},{},1001.5023,1,2
533,easy,533,The resolution of the 3-dimensional coordinate table which moves the sensor is 0.01 mm .,The resolution of the CMM which moves the sensor is 0.01 mm .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 7], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 5]}}",{},{},0907.5490,1,2
534,easy,534,Let us first consider the binding energy in order to determine which channel can form bound state and calculate the spectra of the chiral partners .,Let us first consider the binding energy in order to determine which channel can form the bound state and calculate the spectra of the chiral partners .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [15, 16]}}",{},{},1212.5079,1,2
535,easy,535,"In the linear case , [MATH] , [MATH] is a Gaussian process , which for fixed [MATH] has white noise statistics with independent components of unit strength as required by [MATH] .","In the linear case , [MATH] , [MATH] is a Gaussian process , which for fixed [MATH] has white noise statistics with independent components of unit strength , as imposed by [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [27, 28]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [28, 29], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [29, 30]}}",{},{},1305.1209,1,2
536,easy,536,"We will show that the greedy learning objective can be solved with an alternative optimization algorithm , which permits decoupling the computations and achieving update unlocking .","We will show that the greedy learning objective used in these papers can be solved with an alternative optimization algorithm , which permits decoupling the computations and achieves update unlocking .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 12]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [23, 24], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [27, 28]}}",{},{},1901.08164,1,2
537,easy,537,"Second , the average value of the vacuum energy density decays as [MATH] and the average value of the Hubble parameter as [MATH] , whereas the average scale parameter increases as [MATH] .","Second , the average value of the vacuum energy density decays as [MATH] and the average value of the Hubble parameter as [MATH] , while the average scale parameter increases as [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [24, 25], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [24, 25]}}",{},{},0806.2805,1,2
538,easy,538,The reflected field is mixed on two photodiodes with a 10-mW local oscillator derived from the incident beam .,The reflected field is mixed with a 10-mW local oscillator and a servoloop monitors the length of the local oscillator arm so that we measure the phase fluctuations of the reflected field .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 32]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [5, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [13, 18], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},quant-ph-9903094,1,2
539,easy,539,"In [CITATION] , NOMA is considered in a VLC scenario and the performance is compared with orthogonal frequency division multiple acces ( OFDMA ) scheme .","In [CITATION] , NOMA is considered in a VLC scenario where the respective performance is compared to that of the orthogonal frequency division multiple access ( OFDMA ) scheme .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [12, 13]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [10, 11], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 11]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [15, 16], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [16, 20]}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [20, 21], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [24, 25]}}",{},{},1801.04888,1,2
540,hard,540,"Indeed , few studies have tackled this subject with different approaches [CITATION] uncovering a rich phenomenology .","Indeed , only a few studies have tackled this subject , and each with a different approach [CITATION] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 4]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 13]}, '2': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [14, 15]}, '3': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [12, 16], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '4': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [10, 11], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [16, 17]}}",{},{},1404.1006,1,2
541,hard,541,Our approach is shown to match or exceed state of the art approaches addressing these problems and shown able to scale to much large datasets than others .,This work matches or exceeds state-of-the-art approaches addressing these problems and is able to scale to much large datasets than others .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 2], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 2]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 6], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 3]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 5]}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 6]}, '4': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [17, 18], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [11, 12]}}",{},{},1901.08164,1,2
542,hard,542,"More specifically , the nuclear structure factor for ( 01L ) reflections can be written as , [EQUATION] where [MATH] is a sum of neutron coherent scattering length of the various atoms ( Y , Ba , Cu , O ) already present in the parent tetragonal compound , YBa [MATH] Cu [MATH] O [MATH] .","As an attempt to describe this experimental situation , the nuclear structure factor for the ( 0KL ) reflections can be approximated by , [EQUATION] where [MATH] is a sum of neutron coherent scattering length of the various atoms ( Y , Ba , Cu , O ) already present in the parent compound , YBa [MATH] Cu [MATH] O [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [14, 15]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [46, 47], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [9, 10], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [16, 17]}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [14, 16], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [21, 23]}, '4': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 2], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 8]}}",{},{},1710.08173,1,2
543,hard,543,"Small parts in the East are slower , with 95 kms [MATH] , while a tip in the Northwest is faster , around 105 kms [MATH] .","Small parts in the east are slower at 95 kms [MATH] , while a tip in the northwest is faster with velocities around 105 kms [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [20, 22]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [21, 22], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 5], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 5]}, '4': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [18, 19], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [17, 18]}, '5': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 8]}}",{},{},1308.6112,1,2
544,hard,544,"For the RNN component in our system , we use a 3-layers LSTM network for ECSGA and 2-layers LSTM network for ATIS , they are all with unit size 100 .","For the RNN component in our system , we use a 3-layers BiLSTM networks for ECSA and 2-layers BiLSTM networks for ATIS ( no named entity tagging in this case ) , and all LSTM networks come with hidden state size 100 .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [22, 31]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [32, 33]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [12, 14], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [12, 14]}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [15, 16], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [15, 16]}, '4': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [18, 20], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [18, 20]}, '5': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [27, 28], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [38, 40]}, '6': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [23, 26], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [33, 37]}}",{},{},1803.11326,2,3
545,hard,545,"To automate these experiments , we created AdFisher , a tool that automates randomized , controlled experiments for learning about online tracking .","To conduct these studies , we developed AdFisher , a tool for automating randomized , controlled experiments for studying online tracking .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [1, 2], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 2]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 7], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 7]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 13], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [11, 13]}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [18, 20], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [18, 19]}, '4': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 4]}}",{},{},1408.6491,1,2
546,hard,546,"We use the previous Plastic Surgery approach , proposed by Barr et al. [CITATION] , as a comparison baseline and examine the effectiveness of our NMT-based technique .","We use the pattern-based patch suggestion inspired by the Plastic Surgery work [CITATION] , as a comparison baseline and examine the effectiveness of our NMT-based technique .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 6]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 9]}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '3': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '4': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [10, 13], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '5': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 7], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [11, 12]}, '6': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 7]}}",{},{},1812.07170,1,2
547,easy,547,"Mostly we would update each chain independently , but occasionally exchange information between the chains .","Each chain is updated independently , with occasional information exchange between the chains so that more substantial movement in the higher temperature chains can filter down to the slower moving low temperature chains .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [13, 33]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 2], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 4]}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 10], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 8]}}",{},{},1703.08520,1,2
548,hard,548,"We show that the differential relative absorption of the probe radiation , see Fig. [REF] , contains a certain quantum information about initial superposition states encoded in [MATH] .","We explicitly show that the differential relative absorption of the probe radiation given by Eq. ( [REF] ) and shown in Fig. [REF] contains a response from the initial superposition states encoded in [MATH] , [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [27, 28]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 2]}, '2': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [34, 36]}, '3': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [12, 18]}, '4': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [15, 16], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '5': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 13], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [18, 21]}, '6': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [18, 22], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [25, 27]}}",{},{},1703.02280,1,2
549,hard,549,"A step into this direction was initiated by Hardy in his program of merging the theory of general relativity with quantum theory [CITATION] , by proposing to extend quantum theory to dynamical causal structures .","A step in this direction was taken by Hardy with his program of merging general relativity with quantum theory [CITATION] , in which he proposes to extend the latter to dynamical causal structures , a feature of general relativity ( see [CITATION] for a recent review on quantum theory and causality ) .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [33, 52]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [14, 17], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 3]}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 7], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 7]}, '4': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [9, 10], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 10]}, '5': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [24, 26], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [21, 25]}, '6': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [28, 30], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [27, 29]}}",{},{},1403.7333,1,2
550,hard,550,"[CITATION] , however , used synthetic magnetograms extracted from MHD simulations , in which the true flows are known , to show that optical flow methods essentially estimate the horizontal velocity , [MATH] , although these estimates can be affected by vertical flows .","Using the same test data , [CITATION] subsequently argued that optical flow methods , such as LCT , essentially estimate the horizontal velocity , [MATH] , although their estimates can be affected by vertical flows","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 6]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 8]}, '2': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [13, 18]}, '3': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [1, 21], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '4': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [43, 44], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '5': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [21, 22], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 9]}, '6': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [35, 36], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [27, 28]}}",{},{},1402.4794,2,3
551,hard,551,"To highlight the first advantage , we first have to discuss the shortcomings when growing complicated structures directly on top of graphene .","First , we discuss several shortcomings when growing electrode material directly onto the graphene surface .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 5], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 10], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 5]}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [15, 17], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 10]}, '4': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [18, 22], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [11, 15]}}",{},{},1503.01735,1,2
552,hard,552,"By contrast , those algorithms that require full gradient evaluations either incur an extra communication cost for synchronization or incur an extra computational cost for the asynchronous version to converge ; see , e.g. , [CITATION] .","By contrast , those algorithms that require full gradients evaluation either need extra communication for synchronization or need extra computational cost for the asynchronous version to converge ; See e.g. [CITATION] .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [34, 35], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [20, 21], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [15, 16], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '3': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [12, 13], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '4': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [32, 33], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '5': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 10], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 10]}, '6': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [31, 32], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [28, 29]}, '7': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [19, 20], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [17, 18]}, '8': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [11, 12]}}",{},{},1609.03261,2,3
553,hard,553,"Because the same holds for two parties , it was conjectured that also in the multi-party setting , a predefined causal order emerges in that limit .","It was shown for the two-party case , however , that a global causal structure always emerges in the macroscopic limit .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 11]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [15, 16]}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '3': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 13], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '4': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [10, 11], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 3]}, '5': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [13, 17], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 7]}, '6': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [19, 22], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [12, 15]}, '7': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [24, 25], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [18, 20]}}",{},{},1403.7333,1,2
554,hard,554,"It is remarkable that this agreement is achieved in a limit where the conductance on the scale of the period of the network , [MATH] , is of the order of the quantum conductance , in contrast with metallic wires where the number of channels is of order 1000 .","In contrast , metallic wires deep in the diffusive regime have a number of conducting channels of order 1000 and [MATH] is always fulfilled .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [14, 15]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [19, 24]}, '2': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 10]}, '3': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 35], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '4': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [45, 46], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '5': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [40, 42], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 12]}, '6': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [37, 38], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 3]}}",{},{},cond-mat-0402534,1,2
555,hard,555,In order to demonstrate the benefit of the adaptive method that can incrementally update the weights unlike previous methods we evaluate on iPASCAL for continuous semantic segmentation .,"Section [REF] demonstrates the benefit of AMP in the context of continuous semantic segmentation on the proposed incremental PASCAL VOC evaluation framework , iPASCAL .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 2]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 11]}, '2': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [14, 24]}, '3': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '4': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [10, 24], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '5': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 3]}, '6': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 10], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 7]}}",{},{},1902.11123,3,4
556,hard,556,We observe that the time variation of [MATH] is nearly periodic and identical for the active and inactive oscillators .,"We observe that the time variations of [MATH] , [MATH] and [MATH] are nearly periodic and identical for the active , initially inactive and the full set of oscillators .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 12]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [20, 22]}, '2': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [24, 28]}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [5, 6], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 6]}, '4': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [12, 13]}}",{},{},1710.09608,1,2
557,hard,557,"We can also derive an emitter size constraint , imposing a maximum expansion speed of c ( light speed ) , and the Hillas criterion , in which the minimum size of the source capable of accelerating particles to the given energy [MATH] is [MATH] ( where [MATH] cm ) , the Larmor radius .","We can also derive a constraint on the size of the emission region , imposing a maximum expansion speed of [MATH] ( the speed of light ) , and the Hillas criterion , in which the minimum size of a source capable of accelerating particles to a given energy [MATH] is [MATH] ( where [MATH] cm ) , the Larmor radius .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 13]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [15, 16], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [20, 21]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [32, 33], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [39, 40]}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [39, 40], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [46, 47]}, '4': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [17, 19], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [22, 26]}}",{},{},0812.3358,1,2
558,easy,558,"Even more remarkably , we demonstrate that the WD survives the initial Ia event , receiving a large velocity kick from the asymmetric nature of the initial deflagration , and is significantly enriched with both intermediate-mass ( IME 's ) and iron-group elements ( IGE 's ) , forming a peculiar heavy/iron core WD .","Even more remarkably , the remnant WD receives a large velocity kick from the asymmetric nature of the deflagration , and is enriched with both intermediate-mass ( IME 's ) and iron-group elements ( IGE 's ) , forming a peculiar WD with a heavey/iron-rich core .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [26, 27], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [31, 32], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 16], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 8]}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [51, 54], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [41, 46]}}",{},{},1208.5069,1,2
559,hard,559,The exponentially small finite-volume corrections in Eq. ( [REF] ) are due to the dimer wavefunction wrapping once around the periodic boundary [CITATION] .,The topological factor [MATH] for the [MATH] -wave dimer wavefunction wrapping around the periodic boundary once is given by [CITATION] [EQUATION] where [EQUATION] accounts for the finite-volume energy shift of a dimer moving with center-of-mass momentum [MATH] in the fermion-dimer system [EQUATION],"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 5]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 8]}, '2': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [20, 26]}, '3': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [27, 42]}, '4': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '5': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 10], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '6': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [23, 24], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '7': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [10, 13], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [16, 19]}}",{},{},1309.2616,1,2
560,hard,560,"Now , let [MATH] be the [MATH] th Lebesgue partition of [MATH] which is defined as : [MATH] and for [MATH] [EQUATION]","Next , we define the sequence of Lebesgue partitions generated by [MATH] as : [MATH] and for [MATH] [EQUATION] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 7]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [19, 20]}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '3': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [12, 15], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '4': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}, '5': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [9, 11], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 11]}}",{},{},1807.05692,3,4
561,hard,561,"We have developed the study of the cross Kerr effect in the propagation of two pulses , named trigger and probe , in a medium of four-level atoms in the tripod configuration , dressed by a third strong field in the running- or imperfect standing-wave configuration .","We have presented a comprehensive study of the cross Kerr effect in the propagation of two weak laser fields , a trigger and a probe , in a medium of four-level atoms in the tripod configuration , dressed by a third strong coupling field in the quasi-standing wave configuration .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [23, 24]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [42, 43]}, '2': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 5]}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 4]}, '4': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [15, 16], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [16, 19]}, '5': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [17, 18], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [20, 21]}, '6': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [41, 45], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [46, 48]}}",{},{},1012.2247,1,2
562,easy,562,A straightforward calculation shows that Bragg peak intensity in the ( 10L ) or ( 01L ) Bragg peaks cross-section varies considerably with the amount of actual oxygen atoms from x=6 ( tetragonal phase ) to x=7 ( orthorhombic phase with full Cu-O chain ) [CITATION] .,A straightforward calculation using Eq. [REF] shows that Bragg peak intensiies in the ( 01L ) and ( 006 ) Bragg peaks cross-section vary considerably with the amount of actual oxygen atoms from x=6 ( tetragonal phase ) to x=7 ( orthorhombic phase with full Cu-O chain ) [CITATION] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 6]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 11]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 16], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [14, 19]}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [20, 21], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [23, 24]}}",{},{},1710.08173,1,2
563,hard,563,"So we just need to investigate the estimation of [MATH] in ( [REF] ) with [MATH] , [MATH] and [MATH] known .","Since estimations for [MATH] have been given by Huang et al. ( 2011 ) , we just need to found some suitable estimations of [MATH] with other parameters known .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 15]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [10, 14], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [5, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [19, 23]}, '4': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [15, 20], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [26, 28]}}",{},{},1310.4021,3,4
564,hard,564,"This means that the four-dimensional potential will exceed the tension of a D3-brane , opening the possibility for brane tunneling [CITATION] or nucleation [CITATION] via the Brown-Teitelboim mechanism .","However , the four-dimensional potential will be of order [MATH] , which exceeds the tension of a D3-brane by two orders of magnitude , opening the possibility for brane tunneling [CITATION] or nucleation [CITATION] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 2]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [18, 23]}, '2': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 12]}, '3': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '4': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [24, 28], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '5': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [12, 13]}}",{},{},1211.4024,1,2
565,hard,565,"When we fine-tune the network with real images from Human3.6M ( Real+Synth ) , the segmentations look very similar to the ground truth and we outperform the baseline by a large margin .","When we fine-tune the network with real images from Human3.6M ( Synth+Real ) , the model predicts very accurate segmentations and outperforms the ' Real ' baseline by a large margin .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [23, 26]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [24, 25], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [11, 12]}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [15, 23], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [15, 20]}, '4': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [25, 26], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [21, 22]}}",{},{},1701.01370,1,2
566,easy,566,Construct the bootstrap test statistics by [EQUATION] where [MATH] if [MATH] is empty .,"For every [MATH] , the bootstrapped test statistics is defined by [EQUATION] where [MATH] is [MATH] if [MATH] is empty .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 4]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [14, 16]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 10]}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 6]}}",{},{},1511.04162,1,2
567,easy,567,We texture the body model with texture maps extracted from two types of real scans .,We use two types of real scans for the texture of body models .,"{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 10], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 2]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [1, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 13]}}",{},{},1701.01370,1,2
568,hard,568,Recent quantitative measurement of the collapse and explosion of BEC reported in Ref. [CITATION] motivated us to investigate the extent to which the mean-field theory explains the experimental observations .,The recent quantitative measurements on collapsing and exploding BEC reported in Ref. [CITATION] have motivated us to investigate to what extent mean-field theory can explain the experimental observations .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [13, 14]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [21, 23], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 8]}, '4': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [18, 19], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [19, 20]}, '5': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [25, 26], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [23, 25]}}",{},{},cond-mat-0107248,1,2
569,easy,569,"It proposed a 2-branch architecture as well , where the second branch is responsible for learning prototypes that can aid the final segmentation task .","In this method , the second branch predicts the parameters for the final segmentation layer .","{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 7], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [12, 20], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 11]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 3]}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [23, 24], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [14, 15]}}",{},{},1902.11123,2,3
570,easy,570,"The branching ratios are in rough agreement with those quoted in PDG , but the total [MATH] three-level width is sizably smaller than the one referred in PDG which includes all decay channels .",The branching ratios are in agreement with those quoted in PDG for the [MATH] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [11, 14]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [5, 6], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [12, 33], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1712.00969,1,2
571,hard,571,"In order to accelerate data acquisition while keeping the advantages of multiple activation coils , in this paper we use CS techniques where we use random as well as deterministic coil activation patterns .","In order to accelerate data acquisition and to improve imaging resolution , we use CS techniques and develop a Douglas-Rachford based sparse reconstruction algorithm .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 11]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [16, 24]}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 14], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '3': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [22, 33], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '4': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [15, 18], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1805.01605,1,2
572,easy,572,"Nevertheless , for any set of gene trees , there are ranges of branch length where the null hypothesis is rejected for some branches in the range but not for others ( Fig. [REF] ) .",We introduced a new test for rejecting the null hypothesis that a branch in the species tree should be replaced by a polytomy .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 7]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 23]}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 16], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '3': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [19, 35], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1708.08916,3,4
573,hard,573,"In the next section , we will consider this compromise between limited feedback ( with lower computational burden and overhead ) and better user rates during the NOMA transmission .","In the subsequent sections , we consider this compromise between the limited-feedback ( with lower computational burden and overhead ) and the full CSI ( with better user rates ) mechanisms for the NOMA transmission .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [21, 26]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [29, 31]}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 7], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 4]}, '4': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 13], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 12]}, '5': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [25, 26], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [31, 32]}}",{},{},1801.04888,1,2
574,easy,574,A very interesting and deep study of the Odderon in gauge/string duality was presented in ref [CITATION] but without discussing its Regge trajectories .,Interesting studies of the Odderon in gauge/string dualities were presented in refs. [CITATION] .,"{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [17, 23], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 6], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 2]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 13], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 9]}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [15, 16], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [11, 12]}}",{},{},1301.4457,1,2
575,easy,575,"To achieve slow-roll inflation , we will require the scalar field [MATH] to initially have a super-Planckian vev .","To achieve 60 e-folds of slow-roll inflation , we must arrange the scalar field [MATH] to initially have a super-Planckian vacuum expectation value , [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 5]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [23, 25]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 11]}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [17, 18], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [20, 23]}}",{},{},1211.4024,1,2
576,hard,576,"However , it seems to have characteristics of a soft polytomy ( decreasing [MATH] -value ) , which would have been resolved had we had more genes .","Even with the full dataset , a polytomy is not rejected , though the decreasing [MATH] -values point to the possibility that this relationship would have been resolved had we had more genes .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 14]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [17, 24]}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '3': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [15, 18], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '4': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [14, 15], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [16, 17]}}",{},{},1708.08916,3,4
577,hard,577,"Modelling these processes is more complicated , and requires assumptions about the ionisation state , geometry , and metalicity of H [MATH] regions , and the dust mass , composition and geometry .","Modelling these processes is complicated , requiring assumptions about the ionization state , the geometry , the metalicity , the dust mass and the composition of H [MATH] regions .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [13, 14]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [23, 24]}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 5], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '3': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '4': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [24, 25], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '5': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [30, 32], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '6': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 7]}, '7': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [12, 13], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 11]}, '8': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [28, 29], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [22, 23]}, '9': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [17, 18], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [16, 17]}}",{},{},astro-ph-0210471,2,3
578,hard,578,"If we show the ground states masses in the initial and final channels by [MATH] and [MATH] , respectively , the quantities [MATH] and [MATH] are the energies needed to excite the initial and final particles to their first excited states with the same quantum numbers .","If the ground state masses are given by [MATH] and [MATH] for the initial and final channels , respectively , to excite the particle to the first excited state having the same quantum numbers with them one needs to provide the energies [MATH] and [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [22, 23]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [34, 37]}, '2': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [39, 40]}, '3': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [20, 22], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '4': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [25, 26], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '5': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [31, 35], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '6': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [1, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 7]}, '7': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [5, 6], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 4]}, '8': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [11, 12]}, '9': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [28, 29], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [37, 39]}, '10': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [35, 36], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [23, 24]}, '11': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [37, 38], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [25, 26]}, '12': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [41, 42], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [29, 30]}, '13': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [40, 41], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [28, 29]}}",{},{},1501.05084,1,2
579,hard,579,"Negative Coulomb drag is also observed in two regimes : one at low electronic density when the drag wire is depleted , and one at higher electronic density when the drag wire has more than a single one-dimensional subband occupied .","In addition , negative Coulomb drag is observed in two clearly distinct regimes : one at low electronic density when the drag wire is close to or beyond depletion , and one at higher electronic density when [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 3]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 12]}, '2': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [37, 38]}, '3': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 5], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '4': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [29, 40], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '5': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [20, 21], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [24, 29]}}",{},{},1008.5155,2,3
580,easy,580,"Although the definition of [MATH] contains self-coupling terms for all the nine gluons , the Abelian gluon contribution drops out in the sum .","Although the definition of the covariant tensor [REF] contains self-coupling terms for [MATH] gluons , the Abelian gluon contribution actually drops out in the sum .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [19, 20]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 5], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 8]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [9, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [12, 13]}}",{},{},1010.0748,1,2
581,hard,581,"In the best fit where this has an exponentially decaying form [MATH] , the dipole [MATH] is larger than the monopole [MATH] and its scale parameter is [MATH] suggesting that the bulk flow extends out to far larger redshift than is expected in a [MATH] CDM universe .","In the best fit where this has an exponentially decaying form [MATH] , the dipole [MATH] is much larger than the monopole [MATH] and its scale parameter is [MATH] indicating that the impact of the bulk flow dominates over any isotropic acceleration out to [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [17, 18]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [32, 35]}, '2': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [38, 42]}, '3': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [36, 44], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '4': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [45, 47], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '5': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [28, 29], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [29, 30]}, '6': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [33, 34], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [37, 38]}}",{},{},1808.04597,2,3
582,easy,582,"We compare the DGL method to others , showing it is a state-of-the-art solution for decoupling training of deep network modules .","We conduct experiments that empirically show that DGL optimizes the greedy objective well , showing it is favorable against recent state-of-the-art proposals for decoupling training of deep network modules .","{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [1, 7], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 13]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [13, 14], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [21, 22]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [17, 20]}}",{},{},1901.08164,1,2
583,easy,583,"Since vertices in [MATH] all have voltage [MATH] , we can write the above linear equation into [EQUATION] where ( [REF] ) leads to [EQUATION]","Since vertices in [MATH] all have voltage [MATH] , we can restrict this equation to vertices in [MATH] as [MATH] , which leads to [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [25, 26]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [24, 25], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [24, 25]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 22], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [11, 22]}}",{},{},1802.02556,1,2
584,hard,584,"The usual GP equation describes the unitary evolution of the macroscopic wave function [MATH] , and the number of atoms [MATH] is conserved .","The GP equation describes unitary time evolution of a macroscopic "" wave function "" [MATH] , and conserves the total number of atoms [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 11]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [13, 14]}, '2': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [19, 20]}, '3': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 6]}, '4': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [1, 2], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '5': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [5, 6], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '6': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [9, 10], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 9]}, '7': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [21, 23], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [17, 18]}}",{},{},cond-mat-0107248,1,2
585,easy,585,The same vev also induces the mixing between the RHN [MATH] and light neutrino [MATH] and corresponding mixing angle is given by [EQUATION] which leads to [MATH] decay to SM gauge bosons .,The same vev also instigates the mixing between the right-handed neutrino [MATH] and left-handed neutrino [MATH] and corresponding mixing angle is given by [EQUATION] which leads to [MATH] decay to SM gauge bosons and leptons .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [33, 35]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 5], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 5]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [12, 13], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [13, 14]}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [9, 10], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 11]}}",{},{},1511.03842,1,2
586,easy,586,"Next , we study loop- or shell-like motifs of cliques using a recently developed method from algebraic topology called persistent homology , which detects the presence and robustness of cycles , or topological cavities in the network architecture .","Next , we study topological cavities using a recently developed method from algebraic topology , which detects the presence and robustness , summarized by a quantity called persistence ) , of shell-like motifs of cliques called cycles in the network architecture .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [21, 26]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [29, 32], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 10], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [31, 37]}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [19, 21], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [27, 30]}}",{},{},1608.03520,1,2
587,easy,587,"The number of points is [MATH] , and [MATH] are used as a training set while the rest are used for test .","The number of points we generate is [MATH] , of which [MATH] are reserved for test and [MATH] of the remaining training set was reserved for validation .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 6]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 22], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 27]}}",{},{},1810.04247,2,3
588,easy,588,"Searching strategy for SUSY strongly depends on the lightest supersymetric particle ( LSP ) , as well as R-parity conservation or violation [CITATION] .","The sneutrino can be considered as another candidate for the LSP [CITATION] , as well as R-parity conservation or violation [CITATION] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 12]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 14], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1206.6958,1,2
589,easy,589,"Furthermore , the three-body continuum states introduce a small additional error to the calculation of the two-body energy levels .",Our initial two-body cluster states [MATH] will have only a very small overlap with the three-body continuum states .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 14]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 2], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 19], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}",{},{},1309.2616,1,2
590,hard,590,"We treat the rows of [MATH] independently , so denoting the transition probability for chain [MATH] by [MATH] , i.e. [EQUATION] we can express [MATH] as follows [EQUATION] .","By denoting the overall transition probability [MATH] for chain [MATH] by [MATH] , we can express [MATH] in terms of [MATH] as follows [MATH] where [EQUATION] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [23, 25]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 7]}, '2': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 4]}, '3': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '4': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [20, 21], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [20, 21]}, '5': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [19, 20], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [17, 20]}, '6': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}}",{},{},1703.08520,1,2
591,hard,591,"However , comparing with the schemes of Ref. [CITATION] , our scheme can endure uncooperation of one of supervisors .","In contrast , our scheme can endure the loss of the measurement information of one of the supervisors ( Bob and Charlie ) .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [16, 17]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [18, 23]}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [14, 15], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 13]}, '4': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 2], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 2]}}",{},{},0906.0826,1,2
592,easy,592,"One can show that the first non vanishing contribution , for rapidly decreasing derivatives of [MATH] , comes from the third order expansion , which results in [EQUATION] where we have used ( [REF] ) to leading order in [MATH] to recognize the factor [MATH] .","If [MATH] and its derivatives are rapidly decreasing functions , one can show that the first non vanishing contribution to [MATH] comes from the third order expansion , which results in [EQUATION] where we have used ( [REF] ) to leading order in [MATH] to recognize the factor [MATH] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 10]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [9, 17], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [19, 21]}}",{},{},0807.2194,1,2
593,hard,593,An appropriate method for this was to regard it as an example of the exact cover problem : covering each of the [MATH] unit subsquares by selecting from all possible smaller squares without overlap .,"This was tackled as an exact cover problem : covering each of the [MATH] unit subsquares by selecting from all possible smaller subsquares without overlap , using Knuth 's Dancing Links X algorithm [CITATION] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [25, 34]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 14], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 3]}, '4': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [31, 32], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [22, 23]}}",{},{},1308.5420,1,2
594,easy,594,"For the inference phase , we use obscured face and a clear face as inputs to the two mapping functions , [MATH] and [MATH] and compare the [MATH] distance given the predefined threshold value to determine if the two faces come from the same person or not .","Therefore , by comparing the distance of the latent vectors , we can determine if the two faces are from the same person or not .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [40, 41], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [18, 19]}, '3': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [5, 35], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 13]}}",{},{},1905.05243,1,2
595,hard,595,"Table [REF] shows the benefit from our proposed method , it outperforms fine-tuning using randomly generated weights with 11.7 .","First , AMP clearly outperforms naive fine-tuning using randomly generated weights by 11.6 .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 4]}, '2': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 6]}, '3': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '4': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [10, 11], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 3]}, '5': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [17, 19], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [11, 13]}}",{},{},1902.11123,3,4
596,hard,596,"We report that the sparse image compression provides qualitatively superior visual quality of reconstructed images and higher classification accuracy when processed through the TensorFlow 's CIFAR-10 DCNN classifier [ 11 ] , whereas bottleneck autoencoders yield superior compression as measured by pixel-wise metrics such as PSNR and SSIM .",We report that sparse coding with random dropout masks produces subjectively superior reconstructed images along with lower feature perceptual loss and higher classification accuracy but yields lower values of pixel-wise metrics such as PSNR and SSIM compared to the bottleneck autoencoders .,"{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 9]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [14, 20]}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [10, 13], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '3': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [19, 32], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '4': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 7], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 5]}, '5': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 10]}, '6': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 11]}, '7': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [32, 33], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [24, 25]}, '8': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [35, 39], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [25, 29]}, '9': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [39, 41], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [36, 39]}}",{},{},1710.09926,1,2
597,hard,597,We find low inertial ( high inertial ) particles have a positive ( negative ) [MATH] in the inner flow and a negative ( positive ) [MATH] in the outer flow .,"Correspondingly , we find that low inertia particles have a positive [MATH] in the inner flow and a negative [MATH] in the outer flow , which is opposite to high inertia particles .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 2]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 5]}, '2': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [24, 29]}, '3': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [31, 32]}, '4': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 5], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '5': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '6': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [12, 15], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '7': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [23, 26], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '8': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 7]}, '9': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 7], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [30, 31]}}",{},{},1811.04339,1,2
598,hard,598,"Already , proof-of-concept hacks in 2015 and 2016 have demonstrated the ability to remotely control the brakes , acceleration , steering , transmission , locks , stereo , and windshield wipers of a targeted vehicle by exploiting weaknesses including the internet-connected entertainment console [CITATION] .","For example , proof-of-concept hacks in 2015 and 2016 demonstrated the ability to remotely control an Internet-connected vehicle , including the brakes , acceleration , and steering [CITATION] .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [18, 20]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [25, 26]}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [21, 32], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '3': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [35, 43], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '4': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '5': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 2]}, '6': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [32, 34], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [15, 17]}}",{},{},1708.03791,1,2
599,hard,599,"We found in Ref. [CITATION] that various patterns in the atomic density are formed in the collapse due to the switch of the interaction from repulsive to attractive , where we used [MATH] as an example .","We found in Ref. [CITATION] that various patterns in the atomic density are formed in the collapse processes caused by a sudden switch of interactions from repulsive to attractive , the origin of the pattern formation being attributed to the self-focusing effect of the attractive systems .","{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [17, 18]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [21, 22]}, '2': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [30, 46]}, '3': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [29, 36], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '4': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [17, 20], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [18, 21]}, '5': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [22, 24], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [24, 25]}}",{},{},cond-mat-0107248,1,2