document: Prediction of tool and chip temperature in continuous and interrupted machining A numerical model based on the finite difference method is presented to predict tool and chip temperature fields in continuous machining and time varying milling processes . Continuous or steady state machining operations like orthogonal cutting are studied by modeling the heat transfer between the tool and chip at the tool-rake face contact zone . The shear energy created in the primary zone , the friction energy produced at the rake face-chip contact zone and the heat balance between the moving chip and stationary tool are considered . The temperature distribution is solved using the finite difference method . Later , the model is extended to milling where the cutting is interrupted and the chip thickness varies with time . The proposed model combines the steady-state temperature prediction in continuous machining with transient temperature evaluation in interrupted cutting operations where the chip and the process change in a discontinuous manner . The mathematical models and simulation results are in satisfactory agreement with experimental temperature measurements reported in the literature
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extractive_keyphrases: continuous machining interrupted machining numerical model finite difference method time varying milling processes orthogonal cutting heat transfer shear energy primary zone friction energy temperature distribution
abstractive_keyphrases: tool temperature prediction chip temperature prediction tool-rake face contact zone first-order dynamic system thermal properties