document: Characterization of sheet buckling subjected to controlled boundary constraints A wedge strip test is designed to study the onset and post-buckling behavior of a sheet under various boundary constraints . The device can be easily incorporated into a conventional tensile test machine , and material resistance to buckling is measured as the buckling height versus the in-plane strain state . The design yields different but consistent buckling modes with easy changes of boundary conditions -LRB- either clamped or freed -RRB- and sample geometry . Experimental results are then used to verify a hybrid approach to buckling prediction , i.e. , the combination of the FEM analysis and an energy-based analytical wrinkling criterion . The FEM analysis is used to obtain the stress field and deformed geometry in a complex forming condition , while the analytical solution is to provide the predictions less sensitive to artificial numerical parameters . A good agreement between experimental data and numerical predictions is obtained
doc_bio_tags: O O B I O O O B I O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
extractive_keyphrases: wedge strip test boundary constraints sheet buckling tensile test machine strain state stress field deformed geometry
abstractive_keyphrases: forming processes energy-based analytical wrinkling criterion finite element analysis