document: Optimal bandwidth utilization of all-optical ring with a converter of degree 4 In many models of all-optical routing , a set of communication paths in a network is given , and a wavelength is to be assigned to each path so that paths sharing an edge receive different wavelengths . The goal is to assign as few wavelengths as possible , in order to use the optical bandwidth efficiently . If a node of a network contains a wavelength converter , any path that passes through this node may change its wavelength . Having converters at some of the nodes can reduce the number of wavelengths required for routing . This paper presents a wavelength converter with degree 4 and gives a routing algorithm which shows that any routing with load L can be realized with L wavelengths when a node of an all-optical ring hosts such a wavelength converter . It is also proved that 4 is the minimum degree of the converter to reach the full utilization of the available wavelengths if only one node of an all-optical ring hosts a converter
doc_bio_tags: O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
extractive_keyphrases: communication paths wavelength converter
abstractive_keyphrases: all-optical routing all-optical network wavelength assignment wavelength translation all-optical ring