document: Evaluation of the usability of digital maintenance manuals developed without either user input or a task analysis The primary objective was to investigate the value that can be added to a low-cost digital maintenance manual by the addition of a navigational aid . Two versions of a digital maintenance manual were developed , the difference between them being the number of design heuristics observed when designing navigational aids . Neither version was based on an analysis of the tasks carried out by users , nor were users involved in the design process . Instead , the manuals were developed directly from the digital information used to produce the existing paper manual . Usability trials were carried out to test both versions according to the time taken and errors committed by users during typical information retrieval tasks . Users were questioned to determine their ease of use -LRB- EOU -RRB- perceptions for each manual . The main outcomes were that the navigation aid used in the second version reduced the time taken to use the manual but increased the number of errors made by users . The navigational aid also seemed to reduce the perceived EOU compared with the first version . In both cases , the perceived EOU was lower than for a previous digital manual that had been developed using a task analysis and user input . The paper concludes by recommending the development of a generic task model of user interaction with digital maintenance manuals
doc_bio_tags: O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O B I O O O O
extractive_keyphrases: navigational aid usability trials information retrieval generic task model user interaction task analysis
abstractive_keyphrases: digital maintenance manuals usability