document: National learning systems : a new approach on technological change in late industrializing economies and evidences from the cases of Brazil and South Korea The paper has two intertwined parts . The first one is a proposal for a conceptual and theoretical framework to understand technical change in late industrializing economies . The second part develops a kind of empirical test of the usefulness of that new framework by means of a comparative study of the Brazilian and South Korean cases . All the four types of macroevidences of the technical change processes of Brazil and Korea corroborate , directly or indirectly , the hypothesis of the existence of actual cases of national learning systems -LRB- NLSs -RRB- of passive and active nature , as it is shown to be the cases of Brazil and South Korea , respectively . The contrast between the two processes of technical change prove remarkable , despite both processes being essentially confined to learning . The concepts of passive and active NLSs show how useful they are to apprehend the diversity of those realities , and , consequently , to avoid , for instance , interpretations that misleadingly suppose -LRB- based on conventional economic theory -RRB- that those countries have a similar lack of technological dynamism
doc_bio_tags: B I I O O O O O B I O B I I O O O O O O B O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
extractive_keyphrases: national learning systems technological change late industrializing economies brazil south korea
abstractive_keyphrases: national innovation system