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US House of Representatives | 1, 1, §1 | In determining the meaning of any Act of Congress, unless the context indicates otherwise—
words importing the singular include and apply to several persons, parties, or things;
[Release Point 118-70]
words importing the plural include the singular;
words importing the masculine gender include the feminine as well;
words used in the present tense include the future as well as the present;
the words "insane" and "insane person" shall include every idiot, insane person, and person non
compos mentis;
the words "person" and "whoever" include corporations, companies, associations, firms,
partnerships, societies, and joint stock companies, as well as individuals;
"officer" includes any person authorized by law to perform the duties of the office;
"signature" or "subscription" includes a mark when the person making the same intended it as
such;
"oath" includes affirmation, and "sworn" includes affirmed;
"writing" includes printing and typewriting and reproductions of visual symbols by
photographing, multigraphing, mimeographing, manifolding, or otherwise.
(July 30, 1947, ch. 388, 61 Stat. 633; June 25, 1948, ch. 645, §6, 62 Stat. 859; Oct. 31, 1951, ch. 655, | §1. Words denoting number, gender, and so forth | 1948-06-25T00:00:00 | 4fac6080c21afab67d95b70fa22b8a7d3d202f30fa506a6a399afd200d43598d |
US House of Representatives | 1, 1, §2 | The word "county" includes a parish, or any other equivalent subdivision of a State or Territory of
the United States. | §2. "County" as including "parish", and so forth | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | ee47161eba56486f519b1a55256dad6a69995b5b08e1c48163edc9e7ead00381 |
US House of Representatives | 1, 1, §3 | The word "vessel" includes every description of watercraft or other artificial contrivance used, or
capable of being used, as a means of transportation on water.
[Release Point 118-70] | §3. "Vessel" as including all means of water transportation | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | 936e1e349f1d4499bac7a9ee13f09bc8e0f130e603ae77fa3a29af5c15ca1c96 |
US House of Representatives | 1, 1, §4 | The word "vehicle" includes every description of carriage or other artificial contrivance used, or
capable of being used, as a means of transportation on land. | §4. "Vehicle" as including all means of land transportation | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | 0facc222001a116c168a4996f53fd22eeaa516adf71494b6843f47d1d4df6167 |
US House of Representatives | 1, 1, §5 | The word "company" or "association", when used in reference to a corporation, shall be deemed to
embrace the words "successors and assigns of such company or association", in like manner as if
these last-named words, or words of similar import, were expressed. | §5. "Company" or "association" as including successors and assigns | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | 4eca770e933124f880cfffa0f3afb8d8dbaff64d0de4ca3858d6e5a89273e849 |
US House of Representatives | 1, 1, §6 | Wherever, in the statutes of the United States or in the rulings, regulations, or interpretations of
various administrative bureaus and agencies of the United States there appears or may appear the
term "products of American fisheries" said term shall not include fresh or frozen fish fillets, fresh or
frozen fish steaks, or fresh or frozen slices of fish substantially free of bone (including any of the
foregoing divided into sections), produced in a foreign country or its territorial waters, in whole or in
part with the use of the labor of persons who are not residents of the United States. | §6. Limitation of term "products of American fisheries" | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | 0df6344dd46b434d9477a87ab9b6d22a8c7186f2b3ae75a2d5625d8bcb840f6c |
US House of Representatives | 1, 1, §7 | (a) For the purposes of any Federal law, rule, or regulation in which marital status is a factor, an
individual shall be considered married if that individual's marriage is between 2 individuals and is
valid in the State where the marriage was entered into or, in the case of a marriage entered into
outside any State, if the marriage is between 2 individuals and is valid in the place where entered into
and the marriage could have been entered into in a State.
(b) In this section, the term "State" means a State, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of
Puerto Rico, or any other territory or possession of the United States.
(c) For purposes of subsection (a), in determining whether a marriage is valid in a State or the
place where entered into, if outside of any State, only the law of the jurisdiction applicable at the
time the marriage was entered into may be considered.
(Added Pub. L. 104–199, §3(a), Sept. 21, 1996, 110 Stat. 2419; amended Pub. L. 117–228, §5, Dec.
13, 2022, 136 Stat. 2306.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
AMENDMENTS
2022—Pub. L. 117–228 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "In
determining the meaning of any Act of Congress, or of any ruling, regulation, or interpretation of the various
administrative bureaus and agencies of the United States, the word 'marriage' means only a legal union
between one man and one woman as husband and wife, and the word 'spouse' refers only to a person of the
opposite sex who is a husband or a wife."
STATUTORY NOTES AND RELATED SUBSIDIARIES
[Release Point 118-70]
SEVERABILITY
Pub. L. 117–228, §8, Dec. 13, 2022, 136 Stat. 2307, provided that: "If any provision of this Act [see Short
Title of 2022 Amendment note set out under section 1 of this title], or any amendment made by this Act, or
the application of such provision to any person, entity, government, or circumstance, is held to be
unconstitutional, the remainder of this Act, or any amendment made thereby, or the application of such
provision to all other persons, entities, governments, or circumstances, shall not be affected thereby."
FINDINGS
Pub. L. 117–228, §2, Dec. 13, 2022, 136 Stat. 2305, provided that: "Congress finds the following:
"(1) No union is more profound than marriage, for it embodies the highest ideals of love, fidelity,
devotion, sacrifice, and family.
"(2) Diverse beliefs about the role of gender in marriage are held by reasonable and sincere people
based on decent and honorable religious or philosophical premises. Therefore, Congress affirms that such
people and their diverse beliefs are due proper respect.
"(3) Millions of people, including interracial and same-sex couples, have entered into marriages and
have enjoyed the rights and privileges associated with marriage. Couples joining in marriage deserve to
have the dignity, stability, and ongoing protection that marriage affords to families and children."
NO IMPACT ON RELIGIOUS LIBERTY AND CONSCIENCE
Pub. L. 117–228, §6, Dec. 13, 2022, 136 Stat. 2306, provided that:
"(a)
.—Nothing in this Act [see Short Title of 2022 Amendment note set out under section 1
IN GENERAL
of this title], or any amendment made by this Act, shall be construed to diminish or abrogate a religious liberty
or conscience protection otherwise available to an individual or organization under the Constitution of the
United States or Federal law.
"(b)
.—Consistent with the First Amendment to the Constitution, nonprofit
GOODS OR SERVICES
religious organizations, including churches, mosques, synagogues, temples, nondenominational ministries,
interdenominational and ecumenical organizations, mission organizations, faith-based social agencies,
religious educational institutions, and nonprofit entities whose principal purpose is the study, practice, or
advancement of religion, and any employee of such an organization, shall not be required to provide services,
accommodations, advantages, facilities, goods, or privileges for the solemnization or celebration of a
marriage. Any refusal under this subsection to provide such services, accommodations, advantages, facilities,
goods, or privileges shall not create any civil claim or cause of action."
STATUTORY PROHIBITION
Pub. L. 117–228, §7, Dec. 13, 2022, 136 Stat. 2306, provided that:
"(a)
.—Nothing in
NO IMPACT ON STATUS AND BENEFITS NOT ARISING FROM A MARRIAGE
this Act [see Short Title of 2022 Amendment note set out under section 1 of this title], or any amendment
made by this Act, shall be construed to deny or alter any benefit, status, or right of an otherwise eligible entity
or person which does not arise from a marriage, including tax-exempt status, tax treatment, educational
funding, or a grant, contract, agreement, guarantee, loan, scholarship, license, certification, accreditation,
claim, or defense.
"(b)
.—Nothing in this Act, or any
NO FEDERAL RECOGNITION OF POLYGAMOUS MARRIAGES
amendment made by this Act, shall be construed to require or authorize Federal recognition of marriages
between more than 2 individuals." | §7. Marriage | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | 79ba1c1433fd511517e5890c996714495d62c60e83f0e7f953d8b604d6f259d4 |
US House of Representatives | 1, 1, §8 | infant
(a) In determining the meaning of any Act of Congress, or of any ruling, regulation, or
interpretation of the various administrative bureaus and agencies of the United States, the words
"person", "human being", "child", and "individual", shall include every infant member of the species
homo sapiens who is born alive at any stage of development.
(b) As used in this section, the term "born alive", with respect to a member of the species homo
sapiens, means the complete expulsion or extraction from his or her mother of that member, at any
stage of development, who after such expulsion or extraction breathes or has a beating heart,
pulsation of the umbilical cord, or definite movement of voluntary muscles, regardless of whether
[Release Point 118-70]
Sealing of instruments.
114.
"Little and Brown's" edition of laws and treaties; slip laws; Treaties and Other
International Act Series; admissibility in evidence.
1
113.
United States international agreements and non-binding instruments; transparency
provisions.
112b.
United States Treaties and Other International Agreements; contents; admissibility in
evidence.
112a.
Statutes at Large; contents; admissibility in evidence.
112.
Repeals as evidence of prior effectiveness.
111.
Saving clause of Revised Statutes.
110.
Repeal of statutes as affecting existing liabilities.
109.
Repeal of repealing act.
108.
Parchment or paper for printing enrolled bills or resolutions.
107.
Amendments to Constitution.
106b.
Promulgation of laws.
106a.
Printing bills and joint resolutions.
106.
Title of appropriation Acts.
105.
Numbering of sections; single proposition.
104.
Enacting or resolving words after first section.
103.
Resolving clause.
102.
Enacting clause.
101.
Sec.
the umbilical cord has been cut, and regardless of whether the expulsion or extraction occurs as a
result of natural or induced labor, cesarean section, or induced abortion.
(c) Nothing in this section shall be construed to affirm, deny, expand, or contract any legal status
or legal right applicable to any member of the species homo sapiens at any point prior to being "born
alive" as defined in this section.
(Added Pub. L. 107–207, §2(a), Aug. 5, 2002, 116 Stat. 926.) | §8. "Person", "human being", "child", and "individual" as including born-alive | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | 8ba7a4ae1511df708a4db44a75d1c4bbb2316c58a0ac74e1f107c2530b48d931 |
US House of Representatives | 1, 2, §101 | The enacting clause of all Acts of Congress shall be in the following form: "Be it enacted by the
Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled."
(July 30, 1947, ch. 388, 61 Stat. 634.)
[Release Point 118-70] | §101. Enacting clause | 1947-07-30T00:00:00 | ae6924de0857059491210718086854dfa8dc4b6117aa2f03c7f56eb9b0c9c184 |
US House of Representatives | 1, 2, §102 | The resolving clause of all joint resolutions shall be in the following form: "Resolved by the
Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled." | §102. Resolving clause | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | 3c4ec10dab4fcbc2e48ced3a66b22e437de03221d7d653619ad25681908819d8 |
US House of Representatives | 1, 2, §103 | No enacting or resolving words shall be used in any section of an Act or resolution of Congress
except in the first. | §103. Enacting or resolving words after first section | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | ce0ff93c41092cd87ffa68f62ef0b2059261318eba282e1e52ededaf71252b66 |
US House of Representatives | 1, 2, §104 | Each section shall be numbered, and shall contain, as nearly as may be, a single proposition of
enactment. | §104. Numbering of sections; single proposition | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | cba904092f3c45a797288efa2ba8c0e759caab1fc72d7e9894f13faeade01ec0 |
US House of Representatives | 1, 2, §105 | The style and title of all Acts making appropriations for the support of Government shall be as
follows: "An Act making appropriations (here insert the object) for the year ending September 30
(here insert the calendar year)."
(July 30, 1947, ch. 388, 61 Stat. 634; Pub. L. 93–344, title V, §506(a), July 12, 1974, 88 Stat. 322.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
AMENDMENTS
1974—Pub. L. 93–344 substituted "September 30" for "June 30".
STATUTORY NOTES AND RELATED SUBSIDIARIES
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1974 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 93–344, title V, §506(b), July 12, 1974, 88 Stat. 322, which provided that the amendment of this
section by Pub. L. 93–344 was effective with respect to Acts making appropriations for the support of the
Government for any fiscal year commencing on or after Oct. 1, 1976, was omitted in the complete revision of
title V of Pub. L. 93–344 by Pub. L. 101–508, title XIII, §13201(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–609. | §105. Title of appropriation Acts | 1974-07-12T00:00:00 | 608b498fd18754944398756a8b60932b23c54a68b0588949c39e05da5a4a37f9 |
US House of Representatives | 1, 2, §106 | Every bill or joint resolution in each House of Congress shall, when such bill or resolution passes
either House, be printed, and such printed copy shall be called the engrossed bill or resolution as the
case may be. Said engrossed bill or resolution shall be signed by the Clerk of the House or the
Secretary of the Senate, and shall be sent to the other House, and in that form shall be dealt with by
that House and its officers, and, if passed, returned signed by said Clerk or Secretary. When such
bill, or joint resolution shall have passed both Houses, it shall be printed and shall then be called the
enrolled bill, or joint resolution, as the case may be, and shall be signed by the presiding officers of
both Houses and sent to the President of the United States. During the last six days of a session such
engrossing and enrolling of bills and joint resolutions may be done otherwise than as above
prescribed, upon the order of Congress by concurrent resolution.
[Release Point 118-70]
(July 30, 1947, ch. 388, 61 Stat. 634.)
STATUTORY NOTES AND RELATED SUBSIDIARIES
REFERENCE TO OBRA; EFFECTIVE DATE; RATIFICATION OF ENROLLMENT
CORRECTIONS AND PRINTED ENROLLMENT
Pub. L. 100–360, title IV, §411(a), July 1, 1988, 102 Stat. 768, provided that:
"(1)
.—In this section, the term 'OBRA' refers to the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of
REFERENCE
1987 (Public Law 100–203) [Pub. L. 100–203, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330, see Tables for classification].
"(2)
.—Except as specifically provided in this section, the amendments made by this
EFFECTIVE DATE
section [amending sections 254o, 294f, 300aa–12, 300aa–15, 300aa–21, 426, 704, 912, 1320a–7, 1320a–7a,
1320a–7b, 1320b–5, 1320b–7, 1320b–8, 1320c–3, 1320c–5, 1320c–9, 1395e, 1395h, 1395i–2, 1395i–3,
1395k, 1395l, 1395m, 1395u, 1395w–1, 1395w–2, 1395x, 1395y, 1395aa, 1395bb, 1395cc, 1395dd, 1395gg,
1395mm, 1395ss, 1395tt, 1395ww, 1395aaa, 1395bbb, 1395ccc, 1396a, 1396b, 1396d, 1396j, 1396n, 1396o,
1396p, 1396r, 1396r–1, 1396r–3, 1396r–4, 1396s, and 1397d of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare,
amending provisions set out as notes under sections 426, 1320a–7a, 1320c–2, 1320c–3, 1395b–1, 1395h,
1395i–3, 1395l, 1395m, 1395n, 1395u, 1395w–1, 1395x, 1395aa, 1395dd, 1395mm, 1395ss, 1395ww,
1395bbb, 1396a, 1396b, and 1396r of Title 42, and repealing provisions set out as notes under section 1395l of
Title 42], as they relate to a provision in OBRA, shall be effective as if they were included in the enactment of
that provision in OBRA.
"(3) RATIFICATION OF ENROLLMENT CORRECTIONS AND PRINTED ENROLLMENT.—
"(A)
.—Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the enrollment corrections noted in
IN GENERAL
footnotes numbered 9 through 72 of OBRA are hereby ratified and shall be considered to have been enacted
as part of OBRA. The printed enrollment of title IV of OBRA [Pub. L. 100–203, title IV, Dec. 22, 1987,
101 Stat. 1330–39], as prepared and printed under section 8004 of OBRA [section 8004 of Pub. L.
100–203, set out below] (including the footnote corrections described in subparagraph (B) and as
incorporating the clarifications described in subparagraph (C)), shall be deemed to constitute title IV of
OBRA as enacted.
"(B)
.—(i) With respect to the reference to which footnote 28 relates
FOOTNOTE CORRECTIONS
(101 Stat. 1330–81), the reference shall be deemed to have read '1320a–7b)'.
"(ii) With respect to the word to which footnote 30 relates (101 Stat. 1330–91), the word shall be
deemed to have read 'the'.
"(iii) With respect to the designation to which footnote 52 relates (101 Stat. 1330–151), the designation
shall be deemed to have read '(F)'.
"(C)
.—(i) Section 1842(n)(1)(A) of the Social
CLARIFICATIONS OF ILLEGIBLE MATTER
Security Act, as added by section 4051(a) of OBRA (101 Stat. 1330–93) [42 U.S.C. 1395m(n)(1)(A)], is
deemed to have the phrase 'the supplier's reasonable charge to individuals enrolled under this part for the
test' immediately after 'or, if lower, the'.
"(ii) Section 1834(a)(7)(B)(i) of the Social Security Act, as inserted by section 4062(b) of OBRA (101
Stat. 1330–103) [42 U.S.C. 1395m(a)(7)(B)(i)], is deemed to have a reference to '1987' immediately after
'December'."
PRINTED ENROLLMENTS PREPARED AFTER ENACTMENT
Pub. L. 106–93, Nov. 10, 1999, 113 Stat. 1310, provided: "That the provisions of sections 106 and 107 of
title 1, United States Code, are waived for the remainder of the first session of the One Hundred Sixth
Congress with respect to the printing (on parchment or otherwise) of the enrollment of any bill or joint
resolution making general appropriations or continuing appropriations for the fiscal year ending September
30, 2000. The enrollment of any such bill or joint resolution shall be in such form as the Committee on House
Administration of the House of Representatives certifies to be a true enrollment."
Pub. L. 105–253, Oct. 12, 1998, 112 Stat. 1887, provided: "That the provisions of sections 106 and 107 of
title 1, United States Code, are waived for the remainder of the One Hundred Fifth Congress with respect to
the printing (on parchment or otherwise) of the enrollment of any bill or joint resolution making general
appropriations or continuing appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1999. The enrollment of
any such bill or joint resolution shall be in such form as the Committee on House Oversight of the House of
Representatives certifies to be a true enrollment."
Pub. L. 105–120, Nov. 26, 1997, 111 Stat. 2527, provided: "That the provisions of sections 106 and 107 of
title 1, United States Code, are waived for the balance of the first session of the One Hundred Fifth Congress
with respect to the printing (on parchment or otherwise) of the enrollment of any bill or joint resolution
[Release Point 118-70]
making general appropriations for the fiscal year ending on September 30, 1998, or continuing appropriations
for the fiscal year ending on September 30, 1998. The enrollment of any such bill or joint resolution shall be
in such form as the Committee on House Oversight of the House of Representatives certifies to be a true
enrollment."
Pub. L. 105–32, Aug. 1, 1997, 111 Stat. 250, provided: "That the provisions of sections 106 and 107 of title
1, United States Code, are waived with respect to the printing (on parchment or otherwise) of the enrollment
of H.R. 2014 [Pub. L. 105–34, Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 788] and of H.R. 2015 [Pub. L. 105–33, Aug. 5, 1997,
111 Stat. 251] of the One Hundred Fifth Congress. The enrollment of each of those bills shall be in such form
as the Committee on House Oversight of the House of Representatives certifies to be a true enrollment."
Pub. L. 104–207, Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3008, provided that:
"SECTION 1. WAIVER OF REQUIREMENT FOR PARCHMENT PRINTING.
"(a)
.—The provisions of sections 106 and 107 of title 1, United States Code, are waived with
WAIVER
respect to the printing (on parchment or otherwise) of the enrollment of any appropriation measure of the One
Hundred Fourth Congress presented to the President after the enactment of this joint resolution [Sept. 30,
1996].
"(b)
.—The
CERTIFICATION OF ENROLLMENT BY COMMITTEE ON HOUSE OVERSIGHT
enrollment of any such measure shall be in such form as the Committee on House Oversight of the House of
Representatives certifies to be a true enrollment.
"SEC. 2. APPROPRIATION MEASURE DEFINED.
"For purposes of this joint resolution, the term 'appropriation measure' means a bill or joint resolution that
includes provisions making general or continuing appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30,
1997."
Pub. L. 104–129, Apr. 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 1199, provided: "That the provisions of sections 106 and 107 of
title 1, United States Code, are waived with respect to the printing (on parchment or otherwise) of the
enrollment of H.R. 3019 [Pub. L. 104–134, Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321] and the enrollment of H.R. 3136
[Pub. L. 104–121, Mar. 29, 1996, 110 Stat. 847], each of the One Hundred Fourth Congress. The enrollment
of either such bill shall be in such form as the Committee on House Oversight of the House of Representatives
certifies to be a true enrollment."
Pub. L. 104–56, title II, §§201, 202, Nov. 20, 1995, 109 Stat. 553, provided that:
"SEC. 201. WAIVER OF REQUIREMENT FOR PARCHMENT PRINTING.
"(a)
.—The provisions of sections 106 and 107 of title 1, United States Code, are waived with
WAIVER
respect to the printing (on parchment or otherwise) of the enrollment of any of the following measures of the
first session of the One Hundred Fourth Congress presented to the President after the enactment of this joint
resolution [Nov. 20, 1995]:
"(1) A continuing resolution.
"(2) A debt limit extension measure.
"(3) A reconciliation bill.
"(b)
.—The enrollment of a measure to
CERTIFICATION BY COMMITTEE ON HOUSE OVERSIGHT
which subsection (a) applies shall be in such form as the Committee on House Oversight of the House of
Representatives certifies to be a true enrollment.
"SEC. 202. DEFINITIONS.
"As used in this joint resolution:
"(1)
.—The term 'continuing resolution' means a bill or joint resolution
CONTINUING RESOLUTION
that includes provisions making further continuing appropriations for fiscal year 1996.
"(2)
.—The term 'debt limit extension measure' means a bill
DEBT LIMIT EXTENSION MEASURE
or joint resolution that includes provisions increasing or waiving (for a temporary period or otherwise) the
public debt limit under section 3101(b) of title 31, United States Code.
"(3)
.—The term 'reconciliation bill' means a bill that is a reconciliation bill
RECONCILIATION BILL
within the meaning of section 310 of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 [2 U.S.C. 641]."
Identical provisions were contained in Pub. L. 104–54, title II, §§201, 202, Nov. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 545.
Pub. L. 102–387, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1519, provided: "That the provisions of sections 106 and 107 of
title 1, United States Code, are waived with respect to the printing (on parchment or otherwise) of the
enrollment of any appropriation bill of the One Hundred Second Congress hereafter to be presented to the
President. Such an enrollment shall be in such form as the Committee on House Administration of the House
of Representatives certifies to be a true enrollment. As used in this resolution, the term 'appropriation bill'
[Release Point 118-70]
means a bill or joint resolution making or continuing appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30,
1993."
Pub. L. 102–260, Mar. 20, 1992, 106 Stat. 85, provided that:
"SECTION 1. WAIVER OF REQUIREMENT FOR PARCHMENT PRINTING.
"The provisions of sections 106 and 107 of title 1, United States Code, are waived with respect to the
printing (on parchment or otherwise) of the enrollment of H.R. 4210 of the 102d Congress [H.R. 4210 was
vetoed by the President on Mar. 20, 1992].
"SEC. 2. CERTIFICATION BY COMMITTEE ON HOUSE ADMINISTRATION.
"The enrollment of H.R. 4210 of the 102d Congress shall be in such form as the Committee on House
Administration of the House of Representatives certifies to be a true enrollment."
Pub. L. 101–497, Oct. 31, 1990, 104 Stat. 1205, provided that:
"SECTION 1. WAIVER OF REQUIREMENT FOR PARCHMENT PRINTING OF ENROLLMENT OF
CERTAIN MEASURES.
"(a)
.—The provisions of sections 106 and 107 of title 1, United States Code, are waived with
WAIVER
respect to the printing (on parchment or otherwise) of the enrollment of S. 2830 [Pub. L. 101–624, Nov. 28,
1990, 104 Stat. 3359].
"(b)
.—The enrollment
CERTIFICATION OF ENROLLMENT BY THE SECRETARY OF THE SENATE
of S. 2830 shall be in such form as the Secretary of the Senate certifies to be a true enrollment.
"SEC. 2. SUBSEQUENT PREPARATION AND CERTIFICATION OF PRINTED ENROLLMENT.
"(a) PREPARATION.—
"(1)
.—If S. 2830 is presented to the President in the form of a hand enrollment
IN GENERAL
pursuant to the authority of section 1, then upon the enactment of that bill the Secretary of the Senate shall
prepare a printed enrollment of the bill as in the case of a bill to which sections 106 and 107 of title 1,
United States Code, apply.
"(2)
.—A printed enrollment prepared pursuant to paragraph (1)
TYPOGRAPHICAL CORRECTIONS
may, in order to conform to customary style for printed laws, include corrections in indentation, type face,
and type size and may include notations (in the margins or as otherwise appropriate) of obvious errors in
spelling or punctuation in the hand enrollment.
"(b)
.—A printed enrollment prepared pursuant to subsection (a), after
TRANSMITTAL TO PRESIDENT
being certified by the Secretary of the Senate to be a correct printing of the hand enrollment, shall be signed
by the presiding officer of each House of Congress and transmitted to the President.
"(c)
.—Upon certification by the
CERTIFICATION BY PRESIDENT; PRESERVATION IN ARCHIVES
President that a printed enrollment transmitted pursuant to subsection (b) is a correct printing of the hand
enrollment, such printed enrollment shall be transmitted to the Archivist of the United States, who shall
preserve it with the hand enrollment.
"(d)
.—In preparing the bill or joint resolution for publication in slip form and in
PUBLICATION OF LAW
the United States Statutes at Large pursuant to section 112 of title 1, United States Code, the Archivist of the
United States shall use the printed enrollment certified by the President under subsection (c) in lieu of the
hand enrollment.
"SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.
"As used in this resolution:
"(1) [sic]
.—The term 'hand enrollment' means the enrollment, as authorized
HAND ENROLLMENT
by section 1, of a bill or joint resolution for presentment to the President in a form other than the printed
form required by sections 106 and 107 of title 1, United States Code."
Pub. L. 101–466, Oct. 27, 1990, 104 Stat. 1084, provided that:
"SECTION 1. WAIVER OF REQUIREMENT FOR PARCHMENT PRINTING OF ENROLLMENT OF
CERTAIN MEASURES.
"(a)
.—The provisions of sections 106 and 107 of title 1, United States Code, are waived with
WAIVER
respect to the printing (on parchment or otherwise) of the enrollment of any reconciliation bill, appropriation
bill, or continuing resolution of the One Hundred First Congress presented to the President after the enactment
of this joint resolution [Oct. 27, 1990].
[Release Point 118-70]
"(b)
.—The
CERTIFICATION OF ENROLLMENT BY COMMITTEE ON HOUSE ADMINISTRATION
enrollment of any such bill or joint resolution shall be in such form as the Committee on House
Administration of the House of Representatives certifies to be a true enrollment.
"SEC. 2. SUBSEQUENT PREPARATION AND CERTIFICATION OF PRINTED ENROLLMENT.
"(a) PREPARATION.—
"(1)
.—If a reconciliation bill, appropriation bill, or continuing resolution is presented
IN GENERAL
to the President in the form of a hand enrollment pursuant to the authority of section 1, then upon the
enactment of that bill or joint resolution the Clerk of the House of Representatives shall prepare a printed
enrollment of the bill or joint resolution as in the case of a bill or joint resolution to which sections 106 and
107 of title 1, United States Code, apply.
"(2)
.—A printed enrollment prepared pursuant to paragraph (1)
TYPOGRAPHICAL CORRECTIONS
may, in order to conform to customary style for printed laws, include corrections in indentation, type face,
and type size and may include notations (in the margins or as otherwise appropriate) of obvious errors in
spelling or punctuation in the hand enrollment.
"(b)
.—A printed enrollment prepared pursuant to subsection (a), after
TRANSMITTAL TO PRESIDENT
being certified by the Committee on House Administration of the House of Representatives to be a correct
printing of the hand enrollment, shall be signed by the presiding officer of each House of Congress and
transmitted to the President.
"(c)
.—Upon certification by the
CERTIFICATION BY PRESIDENT; PRESERVATION IN ARCHIVES
President that a printed enrollment transmitted pursuant to subsection (b) is a correct printing of the hand
enrollment, such printed enrollment shall be transmitted to the Archivist of the United States, who shall
preserve it with the hand enrollment.
"(d)
.—In preparing the bill or joint resolution for publication in slip form and in
PUBLICATION OF LAW
the United States Statutes at Large pursuant to section 112 of title 1, United States Code, the Archivist of the
United States shall use the printed enrollment certified by the President under subsection (c) in lieu of the
hand enrollment.
"SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.
"As used in this resolution:
"(1)
.—The term 'reconciliation bill' means a bill to provide for
RECONCILIATION BILL
reconciliation pursuant to section 4 of the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 1991.
"(2)
.—The term 'appropriation bill' means a general appropriation bill
APPROPRIATION BILL
making appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1991.
"(3)
.—The term 'continuing resolution' means a joint resolution
CONTINUING RESOLUTION
making continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 1991.
"(4)
.—The term 'hand enrollment' means the enrollment, as authorized by
HAND ENROLLMENT
section 1, of a bill or joint resolution for presentment to the President in a form other than the printed form
required by sections 106 and 107 of title 1, United States Code."
Pub. L. 100–454, Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 1914, provided that:
"SECTION 1. HAND ENROLLMENT AUTHORIZED FOR GENERAL APPROPRIATIONS BILLS.
"(a)
.—During
WAIVER OF CERTAIN LAWS WITH RESPECT TO PRINTING OF ENROLLED BILLS
the remainder of the second session of the One Hundredth Congress, the provisions of sections 106 and 107 of
title 1, United States Code, are waived with respect to the printing (on parchment or otherwise) of the
enrollment of any general appropriations bill making appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30,
1989.
"(b)
.—The enrollment of any
CERTIFICATION BY COMMITTEE ON HOUSE ADMINISTRATION
such bill shall be in such form as the Committee on House Administration of the House of Representatives
certifies to be a true enrollment.
"SEC. 2. SUBSEQUENT PREPARATION AND CERTIFICATION OF PRINTED ENROLLMENTS.
"(a) PREPARATION.—
"(1)
.—Upon the enactment of a bill following presentment of such bill to the President
IN GENERAL
in the form of a hand enrollment pursuant to the authority of section 1 of this resolution, the Clerk of the
House of Representatives shall prepare a printed enrollment of that bill as in the case of a bill to which
sections 106 and 107 of title 1, United States Code, apply.
"(2)
.—A printed enrollment prepared pursuant to paragraph
LIMITED STYLISTIC CORRECTIONS
(1) may, in order to conform to customary style for printed laws, include corrections in spelling,
[Release Point 118-70]
punctuation, indentation, type face, and type size and other necessary stylistic corrections to the hand
enrollment. Such a printed enrollment shall include notations (in the margins or as otherwise appropriate) of
all such corrections.
"(b)
.—A printed enrollment prepared pursuant to subsection (a) shall
TRANSMITTAL TO PRESIDENT
be signed by the presiding officer of each House of Congress as a correct printing of the hand enrollment and
shall be transmitted to the President.
"(c)
.—Upon certification by the President that a
CERTIFICATION BY PRESIDENT; LEGAL EFFECT
printed enrollment transmitted pursuant to subsection (b) is a correct printing of the hand enrollment, such
printed enrollment shall be considered for all purposes as the original enrollment of the bill concerned and as
valid evidence of the enactment of that bill.
"(d)
.—A printed enrollment certified by the President under subsection (c) shall be transmitted
ARCHIVES
to the Archivist of the United States, who shall preserve it with the hand enrollment. In preparing the bill
concerned for publication in slip form and in the United States Statutes at Large pursuant to section 112 of
title 1, United States Code, the Archivist of the United States shall use the printed enrollment certified by the
President under subsection (c) in lieu of the hand enrollment.
"(e)
.—As used in this section, the term 'hand enrollment' means the
HAND ENROLLMENT DEFINED
enrollment, as authorized by section 1, of a bill for presentment to the President in a form other than the
printed form required by sections 106 and 107 of title 1, United States Code."
Pub. L. 100–203, title VIII, §8004, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–282, provided that:
"(a)
.—(1) Upon the enactment of this Act enrolled as a
PREPARATION OF PRINTED ENROLLMENT
hand enrollment, the Clerk of the House of Representatives shall prepare a printed enrollment of this Act as in
the case of a bill or joint resolution to which sections 106 and 107 of title 1, United States Code, apply. Such
enrollment shall be a correct enrollment of this Act as enrolled in the hand enrollment.
"(2) A printed enrollment prepared pursuant to paragraph (1) may, in order to conform to customary style
for printed laws, include corrections in spelling, punctuation, indentation, type face, and type size and other
necessary stylistic corrections to the hand enrollment. Such a printed enrollment shall include notations (in the
margins or as otherwise appropriate) of all such corrections.
"(b)
.—A printed enrollment prepared pursuant to subsection (a) shall
TRANSMITTAL TO PRESIDENT
be signed by the presiding officers of both Houses of Congress as a correct printing of the hand enrollment of
this Act and shall be transmitted to the President.
"(c)
.—Upon certification by the President that a
CERTIFICATION BY PRESIDENT; LEGAL EFFECT
printed enrollment transmitted pursuant to subsection (b) is a correct printing of the hand enrollment of this
Act, such printed enrollment shall be considered for all purposes as the original enrollment of this Act and as
valid evidence of the enactment of this Act.
"(d)
.—A printed enrollment certified by the President under subsection (c) shall be transmitted
ARCHIVES
to the Archivist of the United States, who shall preserve it with the hand enrollment. In preparing this Act for
publication in slip form and in the United States Statutes at Large pursuant to section 112 of title 1, United
States Code, the Archivist of the United States shall use the printed enrollment certified by the President under
subsection (c) in lieu of the hand enrollment.
"(e)
.—As used in this section, the term 'hand enrollment' means
HAND ENROLLMENT DEFINED
enrollment in a form other than the printed form required by sections 106 and 107 of title 1, United States
Code, as authorized by the joint resolution entitled 'Joint resolution authorizing the hand enrollment of the
budget reconciliation bill and of the full-year continuing resolution for fiscal year 1988', approved December
1987 (H.J. Res. 426 of the 100th Congress) [Pub. L. 100–199, Dec. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 1326]."
Pub. L. 100–202, §101(n), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–432, provided that:
"(1) Upon the enactment of this resolution enrolled as a hand enrollment, the Clerk of the House of
Representatives shall prepare a printed enrollment of this resolution as in the case of a bill or joint resolution
to which sections 106 and 107 of title 1, United States Code, apply. Such enrollment shall be a correct
enrollment of this resolution as enrolled in the hand enrollment.
"(2) A printed enrollment prepared pursuant to subsection (n)(1) may, in order to conform to customary
style for printed laws, include corrections in spelling, punctuation, indentation, type face, and type size and
other necessary stylistic corrections to the hand enrollment. Such a printed enrollment shall include notations
(in the margins or as otherwise appropriate) of all such corrections.
"(3) A printed enrollment prepared pursuant to subsection (n)(1) shall be signed by the presiding officers of
both Houses of Congress as a correct printing of the hand enrollment of this resolution and shall be
transmitted to the President.
[Release Point 118-70]
"(4) Upon certification by the President that a printed enrollment transmitted pursuant to subsection (n)(3)
is a correct printing of the hand enrollment of this resolution, such printed enrollment shall be considered for
all purposes as the original enrollment of this resolution and as valid evidence of the enactment of this
resolution.
"(5) A printed enrollment certified by the President under subsection (n)(4) shall be transmitted to the
Archivist of the United States, who shall preserve it with the hand enrollment. In preparing this resolution for
publication in slip form and in the United States Statutes at Large pursuant to section 112 of title 1, United
States Code, the Archivist of the United States shall use the printed enrollment certified by the President under
subsection (n)(4) in lieu of the hand enrollment.
"(6) As used in this section, the term 'hand enrollment' means enrollment in a form other than the printed
form required by sections 106 and 107 of title 1, United States Code, as authorized by the joint resolution
entitled 'Joint resolution authorizing the hand enrollment of the budget reconciliation bill and of the full-year
continuing resolution for fiscal year 1988', approved December 1987 (H.J. Res. 426 of the 100th Congress)
[Pub. L. 100–199, Dec. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 1326]."
EXECUTIVE DOCUMENTS
CERTIFICATION OF PRINTED ENROLLMENTS OF CERTAIN PUBLIC LAWS
Memorandum of the President of the United States, Jan. 10, 1991, 56 F.R. 1481, provided:
Memorandum for the Archivist of the United States
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and laws of the United States, including
Section 301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, I hereby authorize you to ascertain whether the printed
enrollment of H.R. 5835, the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 (Public Law 101–508), approved
on November 5, 1990, is a correct printing of the hand enrollment and if so to make on my behalf the
certification specified in Section 2(c) of H.J. Res. 682 (Public Law 101–466) [set out as a note above].
Attached is the printed enrollment that was received at the White House on January 7, 1991.
This memorandum shall be published in the Federal Register.
GEORGE BUSH.
Memorandum of the President of the United States, Dec. 12, 1988, 53 F.R. 50373, provided:
Memorandum for the Archivist of the United States
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and laws of the United States, including
Section 301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, I hereby authorize you to ascertain whether the printed
enrollments of H.R. 4637, the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations
Act, 1989 (Public Law 100–461), H.R. 4776, the District of Columbia Appropriations Act, 1989 (Public Law
100–462), and H.R. 4781, the Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 1989 (Public Law 100–463), are
correct printings of the hand enrollments, which were approved on October 1, 1988, and if so to make on my
behalf the certifications required by Section 2(c) of H.J. Res. 665 (Public Law 100–454) [set out as a note
above].
Attached are the printed enrollments of H.R. 4637, H.R. 4776, and H.R. 4781, which were received at the
White House on December 1, 1988.
This memorandum shall be published in the Federal Register.
RONALD REAGAN.
Memorandum of the President of the United States, Jan. 28, 1988, 53 F.R. 2816, provided:
Memorandum for the Archivist of the United States
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and laws of the United States, including
Section 301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, I hereby authorize you to ascertain whether the printed
enrollments of H.J. Res. 395, Joint Resolution making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year
1988 (Public Law 100–202), and H.R. 3545, the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 (Public Law
100–203), are correct printings of the hand enrollments, which were approved on December 22, 1987, and if
so to make on my behalf the certifications required by Section 101(n)(4) of H.J. Res. 395 and Section 8004(c)
of H.R. 3545 [set out as notes above].
Attached are the printed enrollments of H.J. Res. 395 and H.R. 3545, which were received at the White
House on January 27, 1988.
This memorandum shall be published in the Federal Register.
RONALD REAGAN.
[Release Point 118-70] | §106. Printing bills and joint resolutions | 1988-01-27T00:00:00 | 5d108afdf0cbaf5e440906c77346dd2407da9b6c2dba1b4dd55ea59aa7210677 |
US House of Representatives | 1, 2, §107 | Enrolled bills and resolutions of either House of Congress shall be printed on parchment or paper
of suitable quality as shall be determined by the Joint Committee on Printing. | §107. Parchment or paper for printing enrolled bills or resolutions | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | 599258993c046d455b3bcc9fd42dbcee06006f3012fec26827e71d974ac2f2df |
US House of Representatives | 1, 2, §108 | Whenever an Act is repealed, which repealed a former Act, such former Act shall not thereby be
revived, unless it shall be expressly so provided. | §108. Repeal of repealing act | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | 8e8afd28abb797aeb5d9a191ff803e40f151fe06b4e8b39c83a68693179fc0be |
US House of Representatives | 1, 2, §109 | The repeal of any statute shall not have the effect to release or extinguish any penalty, forfeiture,
or liability incurred under such statute, unless the repealing Act shall so expressly provide, and such
statute shall be treated as still remaining in force for the purpose of sustaining any proper action or
prosecution for the enforcement of such penalty, forfeiture, or liability. The expiration of a
temporary statute shall not have the effect to release or extinguish any penalty, forfeiture, or liability
incurred under such statute, unless the temporary statute shall so expressly provide, and such statute
shall be treated as still remaining in force for the purpose of sustaining any proper action or
prosecution for the enforcement of such penalty, forfeiture, or liability. | §109. Repeal of statutes as affecting existing liabilities | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | 15304943cfb911835e7004ca11852eca183cb3c95f442c19fb9b6239b1354397 |
US House of Representatives | 1, 2, §110 | All acts of limitation, whether applicable to civil causes and proceedings, or to the prosecution of
offenses, or for the recovery of penalties or forfeitures, embraced in the Revised Statutes and covered
by the repeal contained therein, shall not be affected thereby, but all suits, proceedings, or
prosecutions, whether civil or criminal, for causes arising, or acts done or committed prior to said
repeal, may be commenced and prosecuted within the same time as if said repeal had not been made. | §110. Saving clause of Revised Statutes | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | 5c9ca3ebf8d366c2be1c7453b39ecbea674d0c018e8ffc2b2e0547f7590193fe |
US House of Representatives | 1, 2, §111 | No inference shall be raised by the enactment of the Act of March 3, 1933 (ch. 202, 47 Stat.
[Release Point 118-70]
1431), that the sections of the Revised Statutes repealed by such Act were in force or effect at the
time of such enactment:
, That any rights or liabilities existing under such
Provided, however
repealed sections shall not be affected by their repeal.
(July 30, 1947, ch. 388, 61 Stat. 635.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
REFERENCES IN TEXT
Act of March 3, 1933, referred to in text, was repealed by section 2 of act July 30, 1947, section 1 of which
enacted this title. | §111. Repeals as evidence of prior effectiveness | 1947-07-30T00:00:00 | 132f51170524120ed48a2a3f405770c43fcd89cae59da4b979d04843cd56c3db |
US House of Representatives | 1, 2, §112 | The Archivist of the United States shall cause to be compiled, edited, indexed, and published, the
United States Statutes at Large, which shall contain all the laws and concurrent resolutions enacted
during each regular session of Congress; all proclamations by the President in the numbered series
issued since the date of the adjournment of the regular session of Congress next preceding; and also
any amendments to the Constitution of the United States proposed or ratified pursuant to article V
thereof since that date, together with the certificate of the Archivist of the United States issued in
compliance with the provision contained in section 106b of this title. In the event of an extra session
of Congress, the Archivist of the United States shall cause all the laws and concurrent resolutions
enacted during said extra session to be consolidated with, and published as part of, the contents of
the volume for the next regular session. The United States Statutes at Large shall be legal evidence
of laws, concurrent resolutions, treaties, international agreements other than treaties, proclamations
by the President, and proposed or ratified amendments to the Constitution of the United States
therein contained, in all the courts of the United States, the several States, and the Territories and
insular possessions of the United States.
(July 30, 1947, ch. 388, 61 Stat. 636; Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 1001, §1, 64 Stat. 979; Oct. 31, 1951, ch.
655, §3, 65 Stat. 710; Pub. L. 98–497, title I, §107(d), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2291.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
AMENDMENTS
1984—Pub. L. 98–497 substituted "Archivist of the United States" for "Administrator of General Services"
in three places.
1951—Act Oct. 31, 1951, substituted "106b of this title" for "205 of the Revised Statutes" in first sentence.
1950—Act Sept. 23, 1950, amended section generally to implement 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 20, §1, eff. May
24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3178, 64 Stat. 1272, which transferred to the Administrator of General Services certain
duties formerly performed by the Secretary of State.
STATUTORY NOTES AND RELATED SUBSIDIARIES
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1984 AMENDMENT
Amendment by Pub. L. 98–497 effective Apr. 1, 1985, see section 301 of Pub. L. 98–497, set out as a note
under section 2102 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.
PUBLISHING PUB. L. 115–141 IN STATUTES AT LARGE
Pub. L. 115–141, div. G, title I, §121(c), Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 662, provided that: "In publishing this Act
in slip form and in the United States Statutes at large pursuant to section 112 of title 1, United States Code, the
Archivist of the United States shall include after the date of approval at the end an appendix setting forth the
text of the sections of the bill and the bills referred to in subsections (a) [enacting into law from the 115th
[Release Point 118-70]
Congress sections 7130 and 7134 of S. 1460, as placed on the calendar of the Senate on June 29, 2017] and (b)
[enacting into law from the 115th Congress H.R. 1281, as introduced on Mar. 1, 2017, and H.R. 4134, as
introduced on Oct. 25, 2017], respectively."
PUBLISHING PUB. L. 115–31 IN STATUTES AT LARGE
Pub. L. 115–31, div. G, title IV, §431(b), May 5, 2017, 131 Stat. 502, provided that: "In publishing this Act
in slip form and in the United States Statutes at Large pursuant to section 112 of title 1, United States Code,
the Archivist of the United States shall include after the date of approval at the end an appendix setting forth
the text of the bills referred to in subsection (a) [enacting into law from the 115th Congress H.R. 2104, as
introduced on Apr. 20, 2017; S. 131, as ordered to be reported on Mar. 30, 2017, by the Committee on Energy
and Natural Resources of the Senate; and S. 847, as introduced on Apr. 5, 2017]."
PUBLISHING PUB. L. 107–206 IN STATUTES AT LARGE
Pub. L. 107–206, title III, §3002(h), Aug. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 924, provided that: "In publishing the Act in
slip form and in the United States Statutes at Large pursuant to section 112, of title 1, United States Code, the
Archivist of the United States shall include after the date of approval at the end an appendix setting forth the
text of the bill referred to in subsection (a) [set out as a Short Title of 2002 Amendment note under section
101 of Title 39, Postal Service]."
PUBLICATION OF CERTAIN LAWS OF 106TH CONGRESS
Pub. L. 106–554, §1(b), Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, provided that: "In publishing this Act in slip form
and in the United States Statutes at Large pursuant to section 112 of title 1, United States Code, the Archivist
of the United States shall include after the date of approval at the end appendixes setting forth the texts of the
bills referred to in subsection (a) of this section [enacting into law H.R. 5656, H.R. 5657, H.R. 5658, H.R.
5660, H.R. 5661, H.R. 5662, and H.R. 5663 of the 106th Congress, as introduced on Dec. 14, 2000, and H.R.
5666 and H.R. 5667 of the 106th Congress, as introduced on Dec. 15, 2000, except that the text of H.R. 5666,
as so enacted, shall not include section 123] and the text of any other bill enacted into law by reference by
reason of the enactment of this Act."
Pub. L. 106–553, §1(b), Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2762, provided that: "In publishing this Act in slip form
and in the United States Statutes at Large pursuant to section 112 of title 1, United States Code, the Archivist
of the United States shall include after the date of approval at the end appendixes setting forth the texts of the
bills referred to in subsection (a) of this section [enacting into law H.R. 5547 and H.R. 5548 of the 106th
Congress, as introduced on Oct. 25, 2000]."
Pub. L. 106–429, §101(a) [title V, §595(b)], Nov. 6, 2000, 114 Stat. 1900, 1900A–60, provided that: "In
publishing the Act in slip form and in the United States Statutes at Large pursuant to section 112, of title 1,
United States Code, the Archivist of the United States shall include after the date of approval at the end
appendixes setting forth the texts of the bill referred to in subsection (a) of this section [enacting into law S.
3140 of the 106th Congress, as introduced on Sept. 28, 2000]."
Pub. L. 106–429, §101(b), Nov. 6, 2000, 114 Stat. 1900, provided that: "In publishing this Act in slip form
and in the United States Statutes at Large pursuant to section 112 of title 1, United States Code, the Archivist
of the United States shall include after the date of approval at the end an appendix setting forth the text of the
bill referred to in subsection (a) of this section [enacting into law H.R. 5526 of the 106th Congress, as
introduced on Oct. 24, 2000]."
Pub. L. 106–398, §2, Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, provided that: "In publishing this Act in slip form and
in the United States Statutes at Large pursuant to section 112 of title 1, United States Code, the Archivist of
the United States shall include after the date of approval an appendix setting forth the text of the bill referred
to in section 1 [enacting into law H.R. 5408 of the 106th Congress, as introduced on Oct. 6, 2000]."
Pub. L. 106–387, §1(b), Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1549, provided that: "In publishing this Act in slip form
and in the United States Statutes at Large pursuant to section 112 of title 1, United States Code, the Archivist
of the United States shall include after the date of approval at the end an appendix setting forth the text of the
bill referred to in subsection (a) of this section [enacting into law H.R. 5426 of the 106th Congress, as
introduced on Oct. 6, 2000]."
[Release Point 118-70]
Pub. L. 106–377, §1(b), Oct. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 1441, provided that: "In publishing this Act in slip form
and in the United States Statutes at Large pursuant to section 112 of title 1, United States Code, the Archivist
of the United States shall include after the date of approval at the end appendixes setting forth the texts of the
bills referred to in subsection (a) of this section [enacting into law H.R. 5482 and 5483 of the 106th Congress,
as introduced on Oct. 18, 2000]."
Pub. L. 106–346, §101(b), Oct. 23, 2000, 114 Stat. 1356, provided that: "In publishing the Act in slip form
and in the United States Statutes at Large pursuant to section 112 of title 1, United States Code, the Archivist
of the United States shall include after the date of approval at the end an appendix setting forth the text of the
bill referred to in subsection (a) of this section [enacting into law H.R. 5394 of the 106th Congress, as
introduced on Oct. 5, 2000]."
Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(b), Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, provided that: "In publishing the Act in
slip form and in the United States Statutes at Large pursuant to section 112, of title 1, United States Code, the
Archivist of the United States shall include after the date of approval at the end appendixes setting forth the
texts of the bills referred to in subsection (a) of this section [enacting into law H.R. 3421, H.R. 3422, H.R.
3423, H.R. 3424, H.R. 3425, H.R. 3426, H.R. 3427 (as amended), H.R. 3428, and S. 1948 of the 106th
Congress, as introduced on Nov. 17, 1999]."
EFFECT OF REPEAL OF SECTION 73 OF ACT JAN. 12, 1895
This section and section 112a of this title as not affected by the repeal of section 73 of act Jan. 12, 1895, ch.
23, 28 Stat. 615, which related to the same subject matter, see section 56(i) of act Oct. 31, 1951, ch. 655, 65
Stat. 729. | §112. Statutes at Large; contents; admissibility in evidence | 2017-05-05T00:00:00 | acafb973616f02ecfccda1762aead36d3a2ab740b0254b1758d6dc60044dd395 |
US House of Representatives | 1, 2, §113 | Other International Acts Series; admissibility in evidence
The edition of the laws and treaties of the United States, published by Little and Brown, and the
publications in slip or pamphlet form of the laws of the United States issued under the authority of
the Archivist of the United States, and the Treaties and Other International Acts Series issued under
the authority of the Secretary of State shall be competent evidence of the several public and private
Acts of Congress, and of the treaties, international agreements other than treaties, and proclamations
by the President of such treaties and international agreements other than treaties, as the case may be,
therein contained, in all the courts of law and equity and of maritime jurisdiction, and in all the
tribunals and public offices of the United States, and of the several States, without any further proof
or authentication thereof.
(July 30, 1947, ch. 388, 61 Stat. 636; Pub. L. 89–497, §1, July 8, 1966, 80 Stat. 271; Pub. L. 98–497,
title I, §107(d), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2291.)
[Release Point 118-70]
Delegation of function of Committee on the Judiciary to other agencies; printing, etc.,
208.
Copies of acts and resolutions in slip form; additional number printed for Committee on
the Judiciary of House of Representatives.
207.
Bills and resolutions of Committee on the Judiciary of House of Representatives; form
and style; ancillaries; curtailment of copies.
206.
Codes and Supplement; where printed; form and style; ancillaries.
205.
New edition of Codes; citation.
(e)
Supplements to Codes; citation.
(d)
District of Columbia Code; citation.
(c)
District of Columbia Code.
(b)
United States Code.
(a)
Codes and Supplements as evidence of the laws of United States and District of
Columbia; citation of Codes and Supplements.
204.
District of Columbia Code; preparation and publication; cumulative supplements.
203.
New editions of Codes and Supplements.
(c)
Cumulative Supplement to District of Columbia Code for each session of
Congress.
(b)
Cumulative Supplements to Code of Laws of United States for each session
of Congress.
(a)
Preparation and publication of Codes and Supplements.
202.
Dispensing with publication of more than one Supplement for each
Congress.
(c)
Curtailing number of copies published.
(b)
Publishing in slip or pamphlet form or in Statutes at Large.
(a)
Publication and distribution of Code of Laws of United States and Supplements and
District of Columbia Code and Supplements.
201.
Sec.
EDITORIAL NOTES
AMENDMENTS
1984—Pub. L. 98–497 substituted "Archivist of the United States" for "Administrator of General Services".
1966—Pub. L. 89–497 made slip laws and the Treaties and Other International Acts Series competent legal
evidence of the several acts of Congress and the treaties and other international agreements contained therein.
STATUTORY NOTES AND RELATED SUBSIDIARIES
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1984 AMENDMENT
Amendment by Pub. L. 98–497 effective Apr. 1, 1985, see section 301 of Pub. L. 98–497, set out as a note
under section 2102 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents. | §113. "Little and Brown's" edition of laws and treaties; slip laws; Treaties and | 1966-07-08T00:00:00 | ec7a8400e22b8326356b58e49a69f37ff8ff9828d7f24979a9f0338b0ad114ae |
US House of Representatives | 1, 2, §114 | In all cases where a seal is necessary by law to any commission, process, or other instrument
provided for by the laws of Congress, it shall be lawful to affix the proper seal by making an
impression therewith directly on the paper to which such seal is necessary; which shall be as valid as
if made on wax or other adhesive substance. | §114. Sealing of instruments | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | 1094af80906d495658c9213e34143ddeb792417c459bd9a5870e051a510ec15a |
US House of Representatives | 1, 3, §201 | Supplements and District of Columbia Code and Supplements
In order to avoid duplication and waste—
(a) Publishing in slip or pamphlet form or in Statutes at Large.—Publication in slip or pamphlet
form or in the Statutes at Large of any of the volumes or publications enumerated in sections 202 and
203 of this title, shall, in event of enactment, be dispensed with whenever the Committee on the
Judiciary of the House of Representatives so directs the Archivist of the United States;
(b) Curtailing number of copies published.—Curtailment of the number provided by law to be
printed and distributed of the volumes or publications enumerated in sections 202 and 203 of this
title may be directed by such committee, except that the Director of the Government Publishing
Office shall print such numbers as are necessary for depository library distribution and for sale; and
(c) Dispensing with publication of more than one Supplement for each Congress.—Such
committee may direct that the printing and distribution of any supplement to the Code of Laws of the
United States or to the Code of the District of Columbia be dispensed with entirely, except that there
shall be printed and distributed for each Congress at least one supplement to each such code,
containing the legislation of such Congress.
(July 30, 1947, ch. 388, 61 Stat. 637; Sept. 3, 1954, ch. 1263, §1, 68 Stat. 1226; Pub. L. 98–497, title
I, §107(d), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2291; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(d), Dec. 16, 2014,
128 Stat. 2537.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
AMENDMENTS
1984—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–497 substituted "Archivist of the United States" for "Administrator of
General Services".
1954—Subsec. (a). Act Sept. 3, 1954, substituted "Administrator of General Services" for "Secretary of
State".
STATUTORY NOTES AND RELATED SUBSIDIARIES
CHANGE OF NAME
"Director of the Government Publishing Office" substituted for "Public Printer" in subsec. (b) on authority
of section 1301(d) of Pub. L. 113–235, set out as a note under section 301 of Title 44, Public Printing and
Documents.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1984 AMENDMENT
Amendment by Pub. L. 98–497 effective Apr. 1, 1985, see section 301 of Pub. L. 98–497, set out as a note
under section 2102 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents. | §201. Publication and distribution of Code of Laws of United States and | 1947-07-30T00:00:00 | ce0bdb292eab14e50df77df9cf9439ef9241709385636bbc8c5b4d9b50ec8b21 |
US House of Representatives | 1, 3, §202 | [Release Point 118-70]
There shall be prepared and published under the supervision of the Committee on the Judiciary of
the House of Representatives—
(a) Cumulative Supplements to Code of Laws of United States for each session of Congress.—A
supplement for each session of the Congress to the then current edition of the Code of Laws of the
United States, cumulatively embracing the legislation of the then current supplement, and correcting
errors in such edition and supplement;
(b) Cumulative Supplement to District of Columbia Code for each session of Congress.—A
supplement for each session of the Congress to the then current edition of the Code of the District of
Columbia, cumulatively embracing the legislation of the then current supplement, and correcting
errors in such edition and supplement;
(c) New editions of Codes and Supplements.—New editions of the Code of Laws of the United
States and of the Code of the District of Columbia, correcting errors and incorporating the then
current supplement. In the case of each code new editions shall not be published oftener than once in
each five years. Copies of each such edition shall be distributed in the same manner as provided in
the case of supplements to the code of which it is a new edition. Supplements published after any
new edition shall not contain the legislation of supplements published before such new edition.
(July 30, 1947, ch. 388, 61 Stat. 637.)
STATUTORY NOTES AND RELATED SUBSIDIARIES
CROSS REFERENCES
Council of the District of Columbia, functions respecting, see section 2 of Pub. L. 94–386, Aug. 14, 1976,
90 Stat. 1170, set out as a note under section 285b of Title 2, The Congress.
Office of the Law Revision Counsel, functions respecting preparation, revision, publication, etc., see
section 285b of Title 2. | §202. Preparation and publication of Codes and Supplements | 1947-07-30T00:00:00 | 49d4dadac0f4d19a0814a30f5faa6740e253db03b4f32f7c0bd1b3afe794ee31 |
US House of Representatives | 1, 3, §203 | supplements
The Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives is authorized to print bills to
codify, revise, and reenact the general and permanent laws relating to the District of Columbia and
cumulative supplements thereto, similar in style, respectively, to the Code of Laws of the United
States, and supplements thereto, and to so continue until final enactment thereof in both Houses of
the Congress of the United States.
(July 30, 1947, ch. 388, 61 Stat. 638.)
STATUTORY NOTES AND RELATED SUBSIDIARIES
COMMISSION ON REVISION OF THE CRIMINAL LAWS OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Pub. L. 90–226, title X, Dec. 27, 1967, 81 Stat. 742, provided for creation and operation of a commission to
study and make recommendations with reference to a revised code of criminal law and procedure for the
District of Columbia, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 91–358, title VI, §601, July 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 667, as
amended by Pub. L. 91–530, §2(b)(1), Dec. 7, 1970, 84 Stat. 1390.
CROSS REFERENCES
Council of the District of Columbia, functions respecting, see section 2 of Pub. L. 94–386, Aug. 14, 1976,
90 Stat. 1170, set out as a note under section 285b of Title 2, The Congress.
Office of the Law Revision Counsel, functions respecting, see section 285b of Title 2. | §203. District of Columbia Code; preparation and publication; cumulative | 1970-07-29T00:00:00 | 335788ed3c0600166c5e157e80b2e690d0c22d539f24b1ee902cabcea2571b0f |
US House of Representatives | 1, 3, §204 | District of Columbia; citation of Codes and Supplements
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In all courts, tribunals, and public offices of the United States, at home or abroad, of the District of
Columbia, and of each State, Territory, or insular possession of the United States—
(a) United States Code.—The matter set forth in the edition of the Code of Laws of the United
States current at any time shall, together with the then current supplement, if any, establish prima
facie the laws of the United States, general and permanent in their nature, in force on the day
preceding the commencement of the session following the last session the legislation of which is
included:
, That whenever titles of such Code shall have been enacted into
Provided, however
positive law the text thereof shall be legal evidence of the laws therein contained, in all the courts of
the United States, the several States, and the Territories and insular possessions of the United States.
(b) District of Columbia Code.—The matter set forth in the edition of the Code of the District of
Columbia current at any time shall, together with the then current supplement, if any, establish prima
facie the laws, general and permanent in their nature, relating to or in force in the District of
Columbia on the day preceding the commencement of the session following the last session the
legislation of which is included, except such laws as are of application in the District of Columbia by
reason of being laws of the United States general and permanent in their nature.
(c) District of Columbia Code; citation.—The Code of the District of Columbia may be cited as
"D.C. Code".
(d) Supplements to Codes; citation.—Supplements to the Code of Laws of the United States and to
the Code of the District of Columbia may be cited, respectively, as "U.S.C., Sup. ", and "D.C. Code,
Sup. ", the blank in each case being filled with Roman figures denoting the number of the
supplement.
(e) New edition of Codes; citation.—New editions of each of such codes may be cited,
respectively, as "U.S.C., ed.", and "D.C. Code, ed.", the blank in each case being filled with
figures denoting the last year the legislation of which is included in whole or in part.
(July 30, 1947, ch. 388, 61 Stat. 638.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
UNITED STATES CODE TITLES AS POSITIVE LAW
The following titles of the United States Code were enacted into positive law by the acts enumerated below:
Title 1, General Provisions—Act July 30, 1947, ch. 388, §1, 61 Stat. 633.
Title 3, The President—Act June 25, 1948, ch. 644, §1, 62 Stat. 672.
Title 4, Flag and Seal, Seat of Government, and the States—Act July 30, 1947, ch. 389, §1, 61 Stat. 641.
Title 5, Government Organization and Employees—Pub. L. 89–554, §1, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 378.
Title 9, Arbitration—Act July 30, 1947, ch. 392, §1, 61 Stat. 669.
Title 10, Armed Forces—Act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, §1, 70A Stat. 1.
Title 11, Bankruptcy—Pub. L. 95–598, title I, §101, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2549.
Title 13, Census—Act Aug. 31, 1954, ch. 1158, 68 Stat. 1012.
Title 14, Coast Guard—Act Aug. 4, 1949, ch. 393, §1, 63 Stat. 495.
Title 17, Copyrights—Act July 30, 1947, ch. 391, §1, 61 Stat. 652, as amended Oct. 19, 1976, Pub. L.
94–553, title I, §101, 90 Stat. 2541.
Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure—Act June 25, 1948, ch. 645, §1, 62 Stat. 683.
Title 23, Highways—Pub. L. 85–767, §1, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 885.
Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure—Act June 25, 1948, ch. 646, §1, 62 Stat. 869.
Title 31, Money and Finance—Pub. L. 97–258, §1, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 877.
Title 32, National Guard—Act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, §2, 70A Stat. 596.
Title 34, Navy—See Title 10, Armed Forces.
Title 35, Patents—Act July 19, 1952, ch. 950, §1, 66 Stat. 792.
Title 36, Patriotic and National Observances, Ceremonies, and Organizations—Pub. L. 105–225, §1, Aug.
12, 1998, 112 Stat. 1253.
Title 37, Pay and Allowances of the Uniformed Services—Pub. L. 87–649, §1, Sept. 7, 1962. 76 Stat. 451.
Title 38, Veterans' Benefits—Pub. L. 85–857, §1, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1105.
Title 39, Postal Service—Pub. L. 86–682, §1, Sept. 2, 1960, 74 Stat. 578, as revised Pub. L. 91–375, §2,
Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 719.
Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works—Pub. L. 107–217, §1, Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1062.
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Title 41, Public Contracts—Pub. L. 111–350, §3, Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3677.
Title 44, Public Printing and Documents—Pub. L. 90–620, §1, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1238.
Title 46, Shipping—Pub. L. 98–89, §1, Aug. 26, 1983, 97 Stat. 500; Pub. L. 99–509, title V, subtitle B, | §204. Codes and Supplements as evidence of the laws of United States and | 1952-07-19T00:00:00 | 433875f2e91da5c9e5e911f83ab24bde2607e831e523fe058405c8f173e60414 |
US House of Representatives | 1, 3, §205 | The publications provided for in sections 202, 203 of this title shall be printed at the Government
Publishing Office and shall be in such form and style and with such ancillaries as may be prescribed
by the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives. The Librarian of Congress is
directed to cooperate with such committee in the preparation of such ancillaries. Such publications
shall be furnished with such thumb insets and other devices to distinguish parts, with such facilities
for the insertion of additional matter, and with such explanatory and advertising slips, and shall be
printed on such paper and bound in such material, as may be prescribed by such committee.
(July 30, 1947, ch. 388, 61 Stat. 639; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(b), Dec. 16, 2014, 128
Stat. 2537.)
STATUTORY NOTES AND RELATED SUBSIDIARIES
CHANGE OF NAME
"Government Publishing Office" substituted for "Government Printing Office" in text on authority of
section 1301(b) of Pub. L. 113–235, set out as a note preceding section 301 of Title 44, Public Printing and
Documents. | §205. Codes and Supplement; where printed; form and style; ancillaries | 1947-07-30T00:00:00 | 757966d7fec95dbe4044245e3adaad49c29fc5bd1e780e62262445a1d67a496e |
US House of Representatives | 1, 3, §206 | Representatives; form and style; ancillaries; curtailment of copies
All bills and resolutions relating to the revision of the laws referred to or reported by the
Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives shall be printed in such form and style,
and with such ancillaries, as such committee may prescribe as being economical and suitable, to so
continue until final enactment thereof in both Houses of Congress; and such committee may also
curtail the number of copies of such bills to be printed in the various parliamentary stages in the
House of Representatives. | §206. Bills and resolutions of Committee on the Judiciary of House of | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | 1e8697a2a594ea0c5083055b42b4b95335eefceef30a150d17b115262dd718c7 |
US House of Representatives | 1, 3, §207 | Committee on the Judiciary of House of Representatives
The Director of the Government Publishing Office is directed to print, in addition to the number
provided by existing law, and, as soon as printed, to distribute in such manner as the Committee on
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the Judiciary of the House of Representatives shall determine, twenty copies in slip form of each
public Act and joint resolution.
(July 30, 1947, ch. 388, 61 Stat. 639; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(d), Dec. 16, 2014, 128
Stat. 2537.)
STATUTORY NOTES AND RELATED SUBSIDIARIES
CHANGE OF NAME
"Director of the Government Publishing Office" substituted for "Public Printer" in text on authority of
section 1301(d) of Pub. L. 113–235, set out as a note under section 301 of Title 44, Public Printing and
Documents. | §207. Copies of acts and resolutions in slip form; additional number printed for | 1947-07-30T00:00:00 | cf7220a1cd5c2f75c9bf18c40315a46b43968cef080373e382370b97215797b0 |
US House of Representatives | 1, 3, §208 | printing, and so forth, under direction of Joint Committee on Printing
The functions vested by sections 201, 202, 204–207 of this title in the Committee on the Judiciary
of the House of Representatives may from time to time be vested in such other agency as the
Congress may by concurrent resolution provide:
, That the printing, binding, and
Provided
distribution of the volumes and publications enumerated in sections 202, 203 of this title shall be
done under the direction of the Joint Committee on Printing. | §208. Delegation of function of Committee on the Judiciary to other agencies; | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | bd5397a918e39e4354fcf693ec3685f1e7739a12d47d6f81a6bc008e665118f5 |
US House of Representatives | 1, 3, §209 | Columbia Code and Supplements; conclusive evidence of original
Copies of the Code of Laws relating to the District of Columbia and copies of the supplements
provided for by sections 202 and 203 of this title printed at the Government Publishing Office and
bearing its imprint, shall be conclusive evidence of the original of such code and supplements in the
custody of the Administrator of General Services.
(July 30, 1947, ch. 388, 61 Stat. 639; Sept. 3, 1954, ch. 1263, §2, 68 Stat. 1226; Pub. L. 113–235,
div. H, title I, §1301(b), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
AMENDMENTS
1954—Act Sept. 3, 1954, substituted "Administrator of General Services" for "Secretary of State".
STATUTORY NOTES AND RELATED SUBSIDIARIES
CHANGE OF NAME
"Government Publishing Office" substituted for "Government Printing Office" in text on authority of
section 1301(b) of Pub. L. 113–235, set out as a note preceding section 301 of Title 44, Public Printing and
Documents. | §209. Copies of Supplements to Code of Laws of United States and of District of | 1947-07-30T00:00:00 | 514f12a3dc0ec92db167b8da66dbaa3d72f5a6ea28dac4725c55e614a04cc9ca |
US House of Representatives | 1, 3, §210 | District of Columbia Code and Supplements; slip and pamphlet copies
Copies of the Code of Laws relating to the District of Columbia, and of the supplements provided
for by sections 202, 203 of this title shall be distributed by the Superintendent of Documents in the
same manner as bound volumes of the Statutes at Large:
, That no slip or pamphlet copies
Provided
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of the Code of Laws relating to the District of Columbia, and of the supplements provided for by
sections 202, 203 of this title need be printed or distributed.
(July 30, 1947, ch. 388, 61 Stat. 640.)
STATUTORY NOTES AND RELATED SUBSIDIARIES
CROSS REFERENCES
Distribution of Statutes at Large, see section 728 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents. | §210. Distribution of Supplements to Code of Laws of United States and of | 1947-07-30T00:00:00 | 520808118e16c6911b4af651fc846bedd45e6642deaea517f738f1919c351129 |
US House of Representatives | 1, 3, §211 | In addition to quotas provided for by section 210 of this title there shall be printed, published, and
distributed of the Code of Laws relating to the District of Columbia with tables, index, and other
ancillaries, suitably bound and with thumb inserts and other convenient devices to distinguish the
parts, and of the supplements to both codes as provided for by sections 202, 203 of this title, ten
copies of each for each Member of the Senate and House of Representatives of the Congress in
which the original authorized publication is made, for his use and distribution, and in addition for the
Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives and the Committee on the Judiciary of
the Senate a number of bound copies of each equal to ten times the number of members of such
committees, and one bound copy of each for the use of each committee of the Senate and House of
Representatives.
(July 30, 1947, ch. 388, 61 Stat. 640.)
STATUTORY NOTES AND RELATED SUBSIDIARIES
LIMITATION ON COPIES OF NEW EDITIONS FOR HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Pub. L. 92–342, §101, July 10, 1972, 86 Stat. 447, provided that: "Hereafter, appropriations for authorized
printing and binding for the Congress shall not be available under the authority of the Act of July 30, 1947 (1
U.S.C. 211) for the printing, publication, and distribution of more than two copies of new editions of the Code
of Laws of the United States and of the Code of the District of Columbia for each Member of the House of
Representatives."
WRITTEN REQUESTS FOR DOCUMENTS
Copies of District of Columbia Code and Supplements not available to Senators or Representatives unless
specifically requested by them, in writing, see Pub. L. 94–59, title VIII, §801, July 25, 1975, 89 Stat. 296, set
out as a note under section 1317 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents. | §211. Copies to Members of Congress | 1975-07-25T00:00:00 | 9f559fa2717330579da5994331ba7a2bf4ef5692ed00b111f74afb54029249a2 |
US House of Representatives | 1, 3, §212 | In addition the Superintendent of Documents shall, at the beginning of the first session of each
Congress, supply to each Senator and Representative in such Congress, who may in writing apply for
the same, one copy each of the Code of Laws of the United States, the Code of Laws relating to the
District of Columbia, and the latest supplement to each code:
, That such applicant shall
Provided
certify in his written application for the same that the volume or volumes for which he applies is
intended for his personal use exclusively:
, That no Senator or Representative
And provided further
during his term of service shall receive under this section more than one copy each of the volumes
enumerated herein. | §212. Additional distribution at each new Congress | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | 5ca7f5601241a782066cd81a1e4aed70e4d150746dffffbaba4236ded9130f0c |
US House of Representatives | 1, 3, §213 | For preparation and editing an annual appropriation of $6,500 is authorized to carry out the
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purposes of sections 202 and 203 of this title.
(July 30, 1947, ch. 388, 61 Stat. 640.)
[Release Point 118-70] | §213. Appropriation for preparing and editing supplements | 1947-07-30T00:00:00 | 1f4e0ccc380c1a6bbbd3101320e9175afda6cef6ffca313f6bb04ea0fb897edf |
US House of Representatives | 2, 1, §1 | At the regular election held in any State next preceding the expiration of the term for which any
Senator was elected to represent such State in Congress, at which election a Representative to
Congress is regularly by law to be chosen, a United States Senator from said State shall be elected by
the people thereof for the term commencing on the 3d day of January next thereafter.
(June 4, 1914, ch. 103, §1, 38 Stat. 384; June 5, 1934, ch. 390, §3, 48 Stat. 879.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
AMENDMENTS
1934—Act June 5, 1934, substituted "3d day of January" for "fourth day of March".
CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS
The first section of Amendment XX to the Constitution provides in part: "* * * the terms of Senators and
Representatives [shall end] at noon on the 3d day of January, of the years in which such terms would have
ended if this article had not been ratified; and the terms of their successors shall then begin."
Time for election of Senators, see Const. Art. I, §4, cl. 1.
Vacancies in the Senate, see Const. Amend. XVII. | §1. Time for election of Senators | 1934-06-05T00:00:00 | d1d55173b119c1e7982bac860f81022d8c17556ccefe1cb697451955ed785b1b |
US House of Representatives | 2, 1, §2 | Representation of States of Alaska and Hawaii in House of Representatives as not affecting basis of
apportionment established by this section, see section 9 of Pub. L. 85–508, July 7, 1958, 72 Stat. 339, set out
as a note preceding section 21 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions, and section 8 of Pub. L. 86–3,
Mar. 18, 1959, 73 Stat. 4, set out as a note preceding section 491 of Title 48. | §2.
TEMPORARY INCREASE IN MEMBERSHIP | 1958-07-07T00:00:00 | 9b653dd5ac4b5749bcb5897fe58e1e2a1534f59c7757d07ab45d58e2f2868524 |
US House of Representatives | 2, 1, §5 | Candidates for Representative or Representatives to be elected at large in any State shall be
nominated in the same manner as candidates for governor, unless otherwise provided by the laws of
such State. | §5. Nominations for Representatives at large | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | a0a7d7dfbdd65c8275171003d7b724e758c3dc8ecbda6909b7e99b0183685973 |
US House of Representatives | 2, 1, §6 | Should any State deny or abridge the right of any of the male inhabitants thereof, being
twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, to vote at any election named in the
amendment to the Constitution, article 14, section 2, except for participation in the rebellion or other
crime, the number of Representatives apportioned to such State shall be reduced in the proportion
which the number of such male citizens shall have to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one
years of age in such State.
(R.S. §22.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
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CODIFICATION
R.S. §22 derived from act Feb. 2, 1872, ch. 11, §6, 17 Stat. 29. | §6. Reduction of representation | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | f6e12bcf55a58b8528df34e582fce4d1610a0779583a5de608431c112b1b3e2c |
US House of Representatives | 2, 1, §7 | The Tuesday next after the 1st Monday in November, in every even numbered year, is established
as the day for the election, in each of the States and Territories of the United States, of
Representatives and Delegates to the Congress commencing on the 3d day of January next thereafter.
(R.S. §25; Mar. 3, 1875, ch. 130, §6, 18 Stat. 400; June 5, 1934, ch. 390, §2, 48 Stat. 879.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
CODIFICATION
R.S. §25 derived from act Feb. 2, 1872, ch. 11, §3, 17 Stat. 28.
The second sentence of this section, which was based on section 6 of the act Mar. 3, 1875 and made this
section inapplicable to any State that had not yet changed its day of election and whose constitution required
an amendment to change the day of election of its State officers, was omitted.
AMENDMENTS
1934—Act June 5, 1934, substituted "3d day of January" for "fourth day of March".
CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS
The first section of Amendment XX to the Constitution provides: "The terms of Senators and
Representatives [shall end] at noon on the 3d day of January, of the years in which such terms would have
ended if this article had not been ratified; and the terms of their successors shall then begin."
Time for election of Representatives, see Const. Art. I, §4, cl. 1. | §7. Time of election | 1934-06-05T00:00:00 | fccd303cb5a7e89331f3e47fe416e1a005baa876a7227e96182b3914aa148b36 |
US House of Representatives | 2, 1, §8 | (a) In general
Except as provided in subsection (b), the time for holding elections in any State, District, or
Territory for a Representative or Delegate to fill a vacancy, whether such vacancy is caused by a
failure to elect at the time prescribed by law, or by the death, resignation, or incapacity of a person
elected, may be prescribed by the laws of the several States and Territories respectively.
(b) Special rules in extraordinary circumstances
(1) In general
In extraordinary circumstances, the executive authority of any State in which a vacancy exists in
its representation in the House of Representatives shall issue a writ of election to fill such vacancy
by special election.
(2) Timing of special election
A special election held under this subsection to fill a vacancy shall take place not later than 49
days after the Speaker of the House of Representatives announces that the vacancy exists, unless,
during the 75-day period which begins on the date of the announcement of the vacancy—
(A) a regularly scheduled general election for the office involved is to be held; or
(B) another special election for the office involved is to be held, pursuant to a writ for a
special election issued by the chief executive of the State prior to the date of the announcement
of the vacancy.
(3) Nominations by parties
If a special election is to be held under this subsection, the determination of the candidates who
will run in such election shall be made—
(A) by nominations made not later than 10 days after the Speaker announces that the vacancy
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exists by the political parties of the State that are authorized by State law to nominate candidates
for the election; or
(B) by any other method the State considers appropriate, including holding primary elections,
that will ensure that the State will hold the special election within the deadline required under
paragraph (2).
(4) Extraordinary circumstances
(A) In general
In this subsection, "extraordinary circumstances" occur when the Speaker of the House of
Representatives announces that vacancies in the representation from the States in the House
exceed 100.
(B) Judicial review
If any action is brought for declaratory or injunctive relief to challenge an announcement
made under subparagraph (A), the following rules shall apply:
(i) Not later than 2 days after the announcement, the action shall be filed in the United
States District Court having jurisdiction in the district of the Member of the House of
Representatives whose seat has been announced to be vacant and shall be heard by a 3-judge
court convened pursuant to section 2284 of title 28.
(ii) A copy of the complaint shall be delivered promptly to the Clerk of the House of
Representatives.
(iii) A final decision in the action shall be made within 3 days of the filing of such action
and shall not be reviewable.
(iv) The executive authority of the State that contains the district of the Member of the
House of Representatives whose seat has been announced to be vacant shall have the right to
intervene either in support of or opposition to the position of a party to the case regarding the
announcement of such vacancy.
(5) Protecting ability of absent military and overseas voters to participate in special elections
(A) Deadline for transmittal of absentee ballots
In conducting a special election held under this subsection to fill a vacancy in its
representation, the State shall ensure to the greatest extent practicable (including through the
use of electronic means) that absentee ballots for the election are transmitted to absent
uniformed services voters and overseas voters (as such terms are defined in the Uniformed and
Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act [52 U.S.C. 20301 et seq.]) not later than 15 days after
the Speaker of the House of Representatives announces that the vacancy exists.
(B) Period for ballot transit time
Notwithstanding the deadlines referred to in paragraphs (2) and (3), in the case of an
individual who is an absent uniformed services voter or an overseas voter (as such terms are
defined in the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act), a State shall accept and
process any otherwise valid ballot or other election material from the voter so long as the ballot
or other material is received by the appropriate State election official not later than 45 days after
the State transmits the ballot or other material to the voter.
(6) Application to District of Columbia and territories
This subsection shall apply—
(A) to a Delegate or Resident Commissioner to the Congress in the same manner as it applies
to a Member of the House of Representatives; and
(B) to the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam,
and the United States Virgin Islands in the same manner as it applies to a State, except that a
vacancy in the representation from any such jurisdiction in the House shall not be taken into
account by the Speaker in determining whether vacancies in the representation from the States
in the House exceed 100 for purposes of paragraph (4)(A).
[Release Point 118-70]
(7) Rule of construction regarding Federal election laws
Nothing in this subsection may be construed to affect the application to special elections under
this subsection of any Federal law governing the administration of elections for Federal office
(including any law providing for the enforcement of any such law), including, but not limited to,
the following:
(A) The Voting Rights Act of 1965 (42 U.S.C. 1973 et seq.) [now 52 U.S.C. 10301 et seq.],
as amended.
(B) The Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act (42 U.S.C. 1973ee et seq.)
[now 52 U.S.C. 20101 et seq.], as amended.
(C) The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (42 U.S.C. 1973ff et seq.)
[now 52 U.S.C. 20301 et seq.], as amended.
(D) The National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (42 U.S.C. 1973gg et seq.) [now 52 U.S.C.
20501 et seq.], as amended.
(E) The Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.), as amended.
(F) The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 701 et seq.), as amended.
(G) The Help America Vote Act of 2002 (42 U.S.C. 15301 et seq.) [now 52 U.S.C. 20901 et
seq.], as amended.
(R.S. §26; Pub. L. 109–55, title III, §301, Aug. 2, 2005, 119 Stat. 588.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
REFERENCES IN TEXT
The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(5), (7)(C), is Pub. L.
99–410, Aug. 28, 1986, 100 Stat. 924, which was formerly classified principally to subchapter I–G (§1973ff et
seq.) of chapter 20 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and
renumbering in Title 52, Voting and Elections, and is now classified principally to chapter 203 (§20301 et
seq.) of Title 52. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.
The Voting Rights Act of 1965, referred to in subsec. (b)(7)(A), is Pub. L. 89–110, Aug. 6, 1965, 79 Stat.
437, which was formerly classified generally to subchapters I–A (§1973 et seq.), I–B (§1973aa et seq.), and
I–C (§1973bb et seq.) of chapter 20 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial
reclassification and renumbering in Title 52, Voting and Elections, and is now classified generally to chapters
103 (§10301 et seq.), 105 (§10501 et seq.), and 107 (§10701 et seq.) of Title 52. For complete classification of
this Act to the Code, see Tables.
The Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(7)(B), is Pub. L.
98–435, Sept. 28, 1984, 98 Stat. 1678, which was formerly classified generally to subchapter I–F (§1973ee et
seq.) of chapter 20 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and
renumbering in Title 52, Voting and Elections, and is now classified generally to chapter 201 (§20101 et seq.)
of Title 52. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.
The National Voter Registration Act of 1993, referred to in subsec. (b)(7)(D), is Pub. L. 103–31, May 20,
1993, 107 Stat. 77, which was formerly classified principally to subchapter I–H (§1973gg et seq.) of chapter
20 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering in Title 52,
Voting and Elections, and is now classified principally to chapter 205 (§20501 et seq.) of Title 52. For
complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.
The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, referred to in subsec. (b)(7)(E), is Pub. L. 101–336, July 26,
1990, 104 Stat. 327, which is classified principally to chapter 126 (§12101 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public
Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under
section 12101 of Title 42 and Tables.
The Rehabilitation Act of 1973, referred to in subsec. (b)(7)(F), is Pub. L. 93–112, Sept. 26, 1973, 87 Stat.
355, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 16 (§701 et seq.) of Title 29, Labor. For complete
classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 701 of Title 29 and Tables.
The Help America Vote Act of 2002, referred to in subsec. (b)(7)(G), is Pub. L. 107–252, Oct. 29, 2002,
116 Stat. 1666, which was formerly classified principally to chapter 146 (§15301 et seq.) of Title 42, The
Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering in Title 52, Voting and
Elections, and is now classified principally to chapter 209 (§20901 et seq.) of Title 52. For complete
classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.
[Release Point 118-70]
Transferred.
29d.
Omitted.
29b, 29c.
Early organization of House of Representatives.
29a.
Condensed and simplified versions of House precedents; other useful materials in
summary form; form and distribution to Members of Congress, Resident
Commissioner from Puerto Rico, and others; appointment and compensation of
personnel; utilization of services of personnel of Federal agencies.
29.
Distribution of Precedents by Joint Committee on Printing of surplus sets; additional
printing, etc., of sets under authority of Joint Committee.
28e.
Distribution of Precedents by Director of the Government Publishing Office for official
use; particular distribution; marking and ownership of sets.
28d.
Distribution of Precedents by Director of the Government Publishing Office.
28c.
Printing and binding as public document of Precedents of House of Representatives;
number of sets authorized.
28b.
Compilation of the Precedents of House of Representatives; date of completion;
biennial update; printing and availability of copies.
28a.
Parliamentary precedents of House of Representatives.
28.
Change of place of meeting.
27.
Roll of Representatives-elect.
26.
Repealed.
25b.
Delegate to House of Representatives from District of Columbia.
25a.
Oath of Speaker, Members, and Delegates.
25.
Secretary of Senate or assistant secretary may administer oaths.
24.
Presiding officer of Senate may administer oaths.
23.
Oath of President of Senate.
22.
Oath of Senators.
21.
Sec.
CODIFICATION
R.S. §26 derived from act Feb. 2, 1872, ch. 11, §4, 17 Stat. 28.
AMENDMENTS
2005—Pub. L. 109–55 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted heading, substituted "Except
as provided in subsection (b), the time" for "The time", and added subsec. (b).
CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS
Vacancies in the House of Representatives, see Const. Art. I, §2, cl. 4. | §8. Vacancies | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | 886a030ced9c812a6da64ceff90ca07b2781b4b60be0f94daaa1d795385e44d5 |
US House of Representatives | 2, 1, §9 | All votes for Representatives in Congress must be by written or printed ballot, or voting machine
the use of which has been duly authorized by the State law; and all votes received or recorded
contrary to this section shall be of no effect.
(R.S. §27; Feb. 14, 1899, ch. 154, 30 Stat. 836.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
CODIFICATION
R.S. §27 derived from acts Feb. 28, 1871, ch. 99, §19, 16 Stat. 440, and May 30, 1872, ch. 239, 17 Stat.
192. | §9. Voting for Representatives | 1872-05-30T00:00:00 | 397f44bb80fef9aebfea6b3550459bc060c12ac412183603f93212ef3f860c72 |
US House of Representatives | 2, 2, §21 | The oath of office shall be administered by the President of the Senate to each Senator who shall
be elected, previous to his taking his seat.
(R.S. §28.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
CODIFICATION
R.S. §28 derived from act June 1, 1789, ch. 1, §2, 1 Stat. 23. | §21. Oath of Senators | 1789-06-01T00:00:00 | acbfbf32dd81b2c7bd1ddd2f8feba881010885bf67b7dd5d876390f00a12bfa5 |
US House of Representatives | 2, 2, §22 | When a President of the Senate has not taken the oath of office, it shall be administered to him by
any Member of the Senate.
(R.S. §29.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
CODIFICATION
R.S. §29 derived from act June 1, 1789, ch. 1, §2, 1 Stat. 23. | §22. Oath of President of Senate | 1789-06-01T00:00:00 | a55b298e46f53efd9c3a60908e1743d88b4eaf1406f386d2f641d2f0e383a26c |
US House of Representatives | 2, 2, §23 | The presiding officer, for the time being, of the Senate of the United States, shall have power to
administer all oaths and affirmations that are or may be required by the Constitution, or by law, to be
taken by any Senator, officer of the Senate, witness, or other person, in respect to any matter within
the jurisdiction of the Senate.
(Apr. 18, 1876, ch. 66, §1, 19 Stat. 34.)
[Release Point 118-70] | §23. Presiding officer of Senate may administer oaths | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | 8750e96810089ef6ea718653ff122f402f5efafd69136e6839ced7292860ad09 |
US House of Representatives | 2, 2, §24 | The Secretary of the Senate, and the assistant secretary thereof, shall, respectively, have power to
administer any oath or affirmation required by law, or by the rules or orders of the Senate, to be
taken by any officer of the Senate, and to any witness produced before it.
(Apr. 18, 1876, ch. 66, §2, 19 Stat. 34; Pub. L. 92–51, July 9, 1971, 85 Stat. 125.)
STATUTORY NOTES AND RELATED SUBSIDIARIES
CHANGE OF NAME
Assistant secretary of the Senate deemed successor in references to chief clerk of the Senate in all laws,
rules, resolutions, and orders, effective July 1, 1971, under provisions of Pub. L. 92–51, July 9, 1971, 85 Stat.
125. | §24. Secretary of Senate or assistant secretary may administer oaths | 1971-07-09T00:00:00 | 6a47a29f707226586c90f7891653e5643887b4126b60356b37787f916db4fac5 |
US House of Representatives | 2, 2, §25 | At the first session of Congress after every general election of Representatives, the oath of office
shall be administered by any Member of the House of Representatives to the Speaker; and by the
Speaker to all the Members and Delegates present, and to the Clerk, previous to entering on any
other business; and to the Members and Delegates who afterward appear, previous to their taking
their seats.
The Clerk of the House of Representatives of the Eightieth and each succeeding Congress shall
cause the oath of office to be printed, furnishing two copies to each Member and Delegate who has
taken the oath of office in accordance with law, which shall be subscribed in person by the Member
or Delegate, who shall thereupon deliver them to the Clerk, one to be filed in the records of the
House of Representatives, and the other to be recorded in the Journal of the House and in the
Congressional Record; and such signed copies, or certified copies thereof, or of either of such
records thereof, shall be admissible in evidence in any court of the United States, and shall be held
conclusive proof of the fact that the signer duly took the oath of office in accordance with law.
(R.S. §30; Feb. 18, 1948, ch. 53, 62 Stat. 20.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
CODIFICATION
R.S. §30 derived from act June 1, 1789, ch. 1, §2, 1 Stat. 23.
The last paragraph of this section, which permitted Members and Delegates of the House of Representatives
of the Eightieth Congress to subscribe and deliver two signed copies of the printed oath of office at any time
before the expiration of the Eightieth Congress, was omitted.
AMENDMENTS
1948—Act Feb. 18, 1948, added last two paragraphs to provide a way by which any Member of House of
Representatives can establish by record evidence the fact that the Member took the oath of office and so
became a Member. | §25. Oath of Speaker, Members, and Delegates | 1789-06-01T00:00:00 | 74bd3c5e09a02a848958e54a0e1c65f06ebeb8244f296cb73baccd022b484075 |
US House of Representatives | 2, 2, §26 | Before the first meeting of each Congress the Clerk of the next preceding House of
Representatives shall make a roll of the Representatives-elect, and place thereon the names of those
persons, and of such persons only, whose credentials show that they were regularly elected in
accordance with the laws of their States respectively, or the laws of the United States. In case of a
vacancy in the office of Clerk of the House of Representatives, or of the absence or inability of the
Clerk to discharge the duties imposed on him by law or custom relative to the preparation of the roll
of Representatives or the organization of the House, those duties shall devolve on the Sergeant at
Arms of the next preceding House of Representatives.
(R.S. §§31–33; Pub. L. 104–186, title II, §202(2), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1724.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
CODIFICATION
R.S. §31 derived from acts Feb. 21, 1867, ch. 56, §1, 14 Stat. 397 and Mar. 3, 1863, ch. 108, 12 Stat. 804.
R.S. §§32 and 33 derived from act Feb. 21, 1867, ch. 56, §2, 14 Stat. 397.
[Release Point 118-70]
R.S. §31 constitutes first sentence; R.S. §32 constitutes second sentence; and R.S. §33 constituted the third
sentence, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 104–186. See 1996 Amendment note below.
AMENDMENTS
1996—Pub. L. 104–186 struck out third sentence which read as follows: "In case of vacancies in the offices
of both the Clerk and the Sergeant at Arms, or of the absence or inability of both to act, the duties of the Clerk
relative to the preparation of the roll of the House of Representatives or the organization of the House shall be
performed by the Doorkeeper of the next preceding House of Representatives." See Codification note above. | §26. Roll of Representatives-elect | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | ca134d419580d5a143a9c532d89bad1ba30fa519ac5271ae6265b2cc0bd08f76 |
US House of Representatives | 2, 2, §27 | Whenever Congress is about to convene, and from the prevalence of contagious sickness, or the
existence of other circumstances, it would, in the opinion of the President, be hazardous to the lives
or health of the members to meet at the seat of Government, the President is authorized, by
proclamation, to convene Congress at such other place as he may judge proper.
(R.S. §34.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
CODIFICATION
R.S. §34 derived from act Apr. 3, 1794, ch. 17, 1 Stat. 353. | §27. Change of place of meeting | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | 95634ffa501647cbbf01f0c74a1146dc3c5e5531ca11d9059a938d963509936c |
US House of Representatives | 2, 2, §28 | (a) Periodic compilation; other useful materials; index digest; date of completion
The Parliamentarian of the House of Representatives, at the beginning of the fifth fiscal year
following the completion and publication of the parliamentary precedents of the House authorized by
the Legislative Branch Appropriation Act, 1966 (79 Stat. 270; Public Law 89–90), and at the
beginning of each fifth fiscal year thereafter, shall commence the compilation and preparation for
printing of the parliamentary precedents of the House of Representatives, together with such other
materials as may be useful in connection therewith, and an index digest of such precedents and other
materials. Each such compilation and preparation for printing of the parliamentary precedents of the
House shall be completed by the close of the fiscal year immediately following the fiscal year in
which such work is commenced.
(b) Form, number, and distribution of compilation
As so compiled and prepared, such precedents and other materials and index digest shall be
printed on pages of such size, and in such type and format, as the Parliamentarian may determine and
shall be printed in such numbers and for such distribution as may be provided by law enacted prior to
printing.
(c) Appointment and compensation of personnel; utilization of services of personnel of Federal
agencies
For the purpose of carrying out each such compilation and preparation, the Parliamentarian may—
(1) subject to the approval of the Speaker, appoint (as employees of the House of
Representatives) clerical and other personnel and fix their respective rates of pay; and
(2) utilize the services of personnel of the Library of Congress and the Government Publishing
Office.
(Pub. L. 91–510, title III, §331, Oct. 26, 1970, 84 Stat. 1186; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, | §28. Parliamentary precedents of House of Representatives | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | 1d3fb984f9f4f5f966e6515e25be6240e9e9cb77a6e498a05c8110de782fcd8a |
US House of Representatives | 2, 2, §29 | materials in summary form; form and distribution to Members of Congress,
Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico, and others; appointment and
compensation of personnel; utilization of services of personnel of Federal
agencies
The Parliamentarian of the House of Representatives shall prepare, compile, and maintain on a
current basis and in cumulative form, for each Congress commencing with the Ninety-third Congress
a condensed and, insofar as practicable, up-to-date version of all of the parliamentary precedents of
the House of Representatives which have current use and application in the House, together with
informative text prepared by the Parliamentarian and other useful related material in summary form.
The Parliamentarian shall have such matter printed for each Congress on pages of such size and in
such type and format as he considers advisable to promote the usefulness of such matter to the
Members of the House and shall provide a printed copy thereof to each Member in each Congress,
including the Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico, and may make such other distribution of
such printed copies as he considers advisable. In carrying out this section, the Parliamentarian may
appoint and fix the pay of personnel and utilize the services of personnel of the Library of Congress
and the Government Publishing Office.
(Pub. L. 91–510, title III, §332, Oct. 26, 1970, 84 Stat. 1186; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, | §29. Condensed and simplified versions of House precedents; other useful | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | dd5086eb3651261999be340295d4ae79856817d3259e43371cef989d815e9bc8 |
US House of Representatives | 2, 2, §30 | corporations or institutions appropriated for
In all cases where Members of Congress or Senators are appointed to represent Congress on any
board of trustees or board of directors of any corporation or institution to which Congress makes any
appropriation, the term of said Members or Senators, as such trustee or director, shall continue until
the expiration of two months after the first meeting of the Congress chosen next after their
appointment.
(Mar. 3, 1893, ch. 199, §1, 27 Stat. 553.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
CODIFICATION
Section was formerly classified to section 722 of Title 31 prior to the general revision and enactment of
Title 31, Money and Finance, by Pub. L. 97–258, §1, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 877. | §30. Term of service of Members of Congress as trustees or directors of | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | e4ac457f01d638af90e1eb2723e6b7c1bac7b5fe72e7e20f7b3c7daaf300c562 |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §131 | The Library of Congress, composed of the books, maps, and other publications which on
December 1, 1873, remained in existence, from the collections theretofore united under authority of
law and those added from time to time by purchase, exchange, donation, reservation from
publications ordered by Congress, acquisition of material under the copyright law, and otherwise,
shall be preserved in the Library Building.
(R.S. §80; Feb. 19, 1897, ch. 265, §1, 29 Stat. 545, 546; Pub. L. 94–553, title I, §105(g), Oct. 19,
1976, 90 Stat. 2599; Pub. L. 100–202, §101(i) [title III, §310], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–290,
1329–310.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
[Release Point 118-70]
CODIFICATION
R.S. §80 derived from act Jan. 26, 1802, ch. 2, 2 Stat. 128; Res. Oct. 21, 1814, No. 3, 3 Stat. 246; act Jan.
30, 1815, ch. 27, 3 Stat. 195; act June 25, 1864, ch. 147, §1, 13 Stat. 148; Res. July 25, 1866, No. 77, 14 Stat.
365; and act Mar. 2, 1867, ch. 167, §1, 14 Stat. 464.
AMENDMENTS
1987—Pub. L. 100–202 struck out after first sentence "The law library shall be preserved in the Capitol in
the rooms which were on July 4, 1872, appropriated to its use, and in such others as may hereafter be assigned
thereto."
1976—Pub. L. 94–553 substituted "acquisition of material under the copyright law" for "deposit to secure
copyright".
STATUTORY NOTES AND RELATED SUBSIDIARIES
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1976 AMENDMENT
Amendment by Pub. L. 94–553 effective Jan. 1, 1978, see section 102 of Pub. L. 94–553 set out as an
Effective Date note preceding section 101 of Title 17, Copyrights.
SHORT TITLE OF 2019 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 116–94, div. P, title XIV, §1401, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 3206, provided that: "This title
[amending sections 135a, 136a–2, and 166 of this title, sections 701, 802, and 803 of Title 17, Copyrights, and
section 2103 of Title 20, Education, repealing section 135a–1 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a
note under section 802 of Title 17] may be cited as the 'Library of Congress Technical Corrections Act of
2019'."
Pub. L. 116–94, div. P, title XVI, §1601, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 3209, provided that: "This title
[amending sections 185 and 1808 of this title and sections 3902 and 3903 of Title 44, Public Printing and
Documents] may be cited as the 'Legislative Branch Inspectors General Independence Act of 2019'."
TRANSFER TO LIBRARY BUILDING
Provisions for the removal of the Library to the Library Building, erected pursuant to act Apr. 15, 1886, ch.
50, 24 Stat. 12, and for the custody, care, and maintenance of that building, were made by act Feb. 19, 1897.
ORGANIZING AND MICROFILMING OF PRESIDENTIAL PAPERS; APPROPRIATION
Pub. L. 85–147, Aug. 16, 1957, 71 Stat. 368, as amended by Pub. L. 87–263, Sept. 21, 1961, 75 Stat. 544;
Pub. L. 88–299, Apr. 27, 1964, 78 Stat. 183, provided: "That the Librarian of Congress is authorized and
directed to arrange, index and microfilm the papers of the Presidents of the United States in the collections of
the Library of Congress, in order to preserve their contents against destruction by war or other calamity and
for the purpose of making them more readily available for study and research to the fullest possible extent
consistent with any existing limitations that may have been imposed on the use of or the access to such papers
by their donors or by those placing them on deposit with the Library of Congress. Neither the United States
nor any officer or employee of the United States shall be liable for damages for infringement of literary
property rights by reason of any activity authorized by this Act.
"
2. There are authorized to be appropriated such amounts as may be necessary to carry out the
SEC.
provisions of this Act." | §131. Collections composing Library; location | 1872-07-04T00:00:00 | 6c8356fe061055377c44dfcbfc0b0e099a1346522cd37e430175f37a533fce02 |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §132 | The Library of Congress shall be arranged in two departments, a general library and a law library.
(R.S. §81.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
CODIFICATION
R.S. §81 derived from act July 14, 1832, ch. 221, §1, 4 Stat. 579.
[Release Point 118-70] | §132. Departments of Library | 1832-07-14T00:00:00 | 80eb00108ea387e25dc9e01483014e9eadc5dd92257915598605ccef98876c33 |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §133 | The portion of the Joint Committee of Congress on the Library on the part of the Senate remaining
in office as Senators shall during the recess of Congress exercise the powers and discharge the duties
conferred by law upon the Joint Committee of Congress on the Library.
(Mar. 3, 1883, ch. 141, §2, 22 Stat. 592; Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 753, title II, §223, 60 Stat. 838.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
AMENDMENTS
1946—Act Aug. 2, 1946, changed composition of Joint Committee. See section 132b of this title.
STATUTORY NOTES AND RELATED SUBSIDIARIES
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1946 AMENDMENT
Amendment by act Aug. 2, 1946, effective Jan. 3, 1947, see section 245 of that act, set out as a note under
section 4301 of this title. | §133. Joint Committee during recess of Congress | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | 99fd9152997397d63e89cdbf2611d28ab24e575c8683730692c480cc0415c0cf |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §134 | The incidental expenses of the law library shall be paid out of the appropriations for the Library of
Congress.
(R.S. §83.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
CODIFICATION
R.S. §83 derived from act July 14, 1832, ch. 221, §3, 4 Stat. 579. | §134. Incidental expenses of law library | 1832-07-14T00:00:00 | d61649f202a6adf707e23e314b8ca8ac13d4b45e65ba99d1b542f90a56adaf52 |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §135 | The Librarian shall make the purchases of books for the law library, under the direction of and
pursuant to the catalogue furnished him by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.
(R.S. §84.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
CODIFICATION
R.S. §84 derived from act July 14, 1832, ch. 221, §4, 4 Stat. 579. | §135. Purchase of books for law library | 1832-07-14T00:00:00 | d7a7f9ccef1bbd3b0161942f5b28a99b3d1ec02a4560b569b97185a1285be72b |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §136 | The Librarian of Congress shall make rules and regulations for the government of the Library.
(Feb. 19, 1897, ch. 265, §1, 29 Stat. 544, 546; Pub. L. 92–310, title II, §220(f), June 6, 1972, 86 Stat.
[Release Point 118-70]
204; Pub. L. 114–86, §3, Nov. 5, 2015, 129 Stat. 675.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
PRIOR PROVISIONS
R.S. §§88, 89, 4950, which were repealed by acts Feb. 28, 1933, ch. 131, §1, 47 Stat. 1349; Mar. 3, 1933,
ch. 202, §1, 47 Stat. 1428, 1431.
AMENDMENTS
2015—Pub. L. 114–86 struck out provisions relating to appointment of Librarian of Congress.
1972—Pub. L. 92–310 struck out provisions which required the Librarian of Congress to give a bond in the
sum of $20,000.
STATUTORY NOTES AND RELATED SUBSIDIARIES
SHORT TITLE OF 2015 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 114–86, §1, Nov. 5, 2015, 129 Stat. 675, provided that: "This Act [enacting section 136–1 of this
title and amending this section] may be cited as the 'Librarian of Congress Succession Modernization Act of
2015'." | §136. Librarian of Congress; rules and regulations | 1972-06-06T00:00:00 | 3036c48530adaf4dd2bdf5270c252bdfde7c83c9d41f97ea348f2c98b1a6747a |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §137 | The justices of the Supreme Court shall have free access to the law library; and they are authorized
to make regulations, not inconsistent with law, for the use of the same during the sittings of the court.
But such regulations shall not restrict any person authorized to take books from the Library from
having access to the law library, or using the books therein in the same manner as he may be entitled
to use the books of the general Library.
(R.S. §95.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
CODIFICATION
R.S. §95 derived from act July 14, 1832, ch. 221, §2, 4 Stat. 579.
§§137a, 137b. Omitted
EDITORIAL NOTES
CODIFICATION
Section 137a, R.S. §94, related to persons specially privileged to use library. See last sentence of section
136 of this title, which gives Librarian of Congress power to make rules and regulations for government of
library.
Section 137b, act Aug. 28, 1890, No. 41, 26 Stat. 678, which related to Interstate Commerce Commission
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and Chief of Army Engineering Corps, was omitted from the Code as superseded by the last sentence of
section 136 of this title.
STATUTORY NOTES AND RELATED SUBSIDIARIES
JOINT COMMITTEE REPORT
With reference to former section 137a of this title, the Joint Committee on the Library, in an official report
March 3, 1897 (54th Cong., 2d Sess., Senate Report 1573) declared:
"Heretofore the Joint Committee on the Library has had authority to approve such rules and regulations as
have been made by the Librarian of Congress, but the provision of law under which the Joint Committee has
hitherto passed upon said rules and regulations would appear to be repealed by the more recent act (section
136 of this title) which places this power in the hands of the Librarian of Congress." | §137. Use and regulation of law library | 1897-03-03T00:00:00 | 3cab58b97a49e3118bd522e423ba9e29db2b96c61aa5cabead4ef5d1f3c81a68 |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §138 | The law library shall be kept open every day so long as either House of Congress is in session. | §138. Law library; hours kept open | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | fa4f1d230da5afc3e4596ce29337ca6c9a0bd53e156bf30b88132ea062f10e97 |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §140 | All persons employed in and about said Library of Congress under the Librarian shall be
appointed solely with reference to their fitness for their particular duties.
(Feb. 19, 1897, ch. 265, §1, 29 Stat. 545; June 29, 1922, ch. 251, §1, 42 Stat. 715.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
CODIFICATION
Act June 29, 1922, §1, cited as a credit to this section, which transferred duties of the Superintendent of the
Library Building and Grounds to the Architect of the Capitol and the Librarian of Congress and provided for
appointment of employees, was amended generally by Pub. L. 108–7, div. H, title I, §1208(a), Feb. 20, 2003,
117 Stat. 375, and no longer relates to this subject matter. | §140. Employees; fitness | 1922-06-29T00:00:00 | 8fdf6702fd7a7a9fadb78720871d9d82b70592360a2d9a9ddb5b386b6d492a32 |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §141 | (a) Architect of the Capitol
(1) In general
The Architect of the Capitol shall have charge of all work at the Library of Congress buildings
and grounds (as defined in section 167j of this title) that affects—
(A) the structural integrity of the buildings;
(B) buildings systems, including mechanical, electrical, plumbing, and elevators;
(C) the architectural features of the buildings;
(D) compliance with building and fire codes, laws, and regulations with respect to the
specific responsibilities set for under this paragraph;
1
(E) the care and maintenance of Library grounds; and
(F) purchase of all equipment necessary to fulfill the responsibilities set forth under this
paragraph.
(2) Employees
The employees required for the performance of the duties under paragraph (1) shall be
appointed by the Architect of the Capitol.
(b) Librarian of Congress
The Librarian of Congress shall have charge of all work (other than work under subsection (a)) at
the Library of Congress buildings and grounds.
(c) Transfer of funds
The Architect of the Capitol and the Librarian of Congress may enter into agreements with each
other to perform work under this section, and, subject to the approval of the Committees on
Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Senate and the Joint Committee on the
Library, may transfer between themselves appropriations or other available funds to pay the costs
therefor.
(June 29, 1922, ch. 251, §1, 42 Stat. 715; Pub. L. 91–280, June 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 309; Pub. L.
101–520, title II, §205(b), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2272; Pub. L. 101–562, §2(a), Nov. 15, 1990, 104
Stat. 2780; Pub. L. 108–7, div. H, title I, §1208(a), Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 375.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
AMENDMENTS
2003—Pub. L. 108–7 inserted section catchline and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read
as follows: "The Architect of the Capitol shall have charge of all structural work at the Library of Congress
buildings and grounds (as defined in section 167j of this title), including all necessary repairs, the operation,
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maintenance, and repair of the mechanical plant and elevators, the care and maintenance of the grounds, and
the purchasing of all equipment other than office equipment. The employees required for the performance of
the foregoing duties shall be appointed by the Architect of the Capitol. All other duties on June 29, 1922,
required to be performed by the Superintendent of the Library Building and Grounds shall be performed under
the direction of the Librarian of Congress, who shall appoint the employees necessary therefor. The Librarian
of Congress shall provide for the purchase and supply of office equipment and furniture for library purposes."
1990—Pub. L. 101–520 and Pub. L. 101–562 made substantively identical amendments, substituting
reference to the Library of Congress buildings and grounds (as defined in section 167j of this title) for
reference to the Library Building and on the grounds.
1970—Pub. L. 91–280 substituted "purchasing of all equipment other than office equipment" for
"purchasing and supplying of all furniture and equipment for the building" in second sentence and inserted
sentence at end.
STATUTORY NOTES AND RELATED SUBSIDIARIES
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2003 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 108–7, div. H, title I, §1208(b), Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 376, provided that: "The amendments made
by this section [amending this section and section 142 of this title] shall apply to fiscal year 2003 and each
fiscal year thereafter."
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1990 AMENDMENTS
Amendment by Pub. L. 101–520 and 101–562 effective on date [Nov. 6, 1991] Architect of the Capitol
acquires the property and improvements described in Pub. L. 101–520, §205(a), and Pub. L. 101–562, §1, see
section 205(e) of Pub. L. 101–520 and former section 2(d) of Pub. L. 101–562, set out as a Special Facilities
Center; Acquisition note below.
ACQUISITION OF REAL PROPERTY FOR LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
Pub. L. 105–144, Dec. 15, 1997, 111 Stat. 2667, as amended by Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(2) [title II, §207],
Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–114; Pub. L. 108–83, title I, §1203(a), Sept. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 1031,
provided that:
"SECTION 1. ACQUISITION OF FACILITY IN CULPEPER, VIRGINIA.
"(a)
.—The Architect of the Capitol may acquire on behalf of the United States Government
ACQUISITION
by transfer of title, without reimbursement or transfer of funds, the following property:
"(1) Three parcels totaling approximately 45 acres, more or less, located in Culpeper County, Virginia,
and identified as Culpeper County Tax Parcel Numbers 51–80B, 51–80C, and 51–80D, further described as
real estate (consisting of 40.949 acres) conveyed to David and Lucile Packard Foundation by deed from
Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, dated May 15, 1998, and recorded May 19, 1998, in the Clerk's Office,
Circuit Court of Culpeper County, Virginia, in Deed Book 644, page 372; and real estate (consisting of
4.181 acres) conveyed to Packard Humanities Institute by deed from Russell H. Inskeep, dated February 13,
2002, and recorded February 13, 2002, in the Clerk's Office, Circuit Court of Culpeper County, Virginia, as
instrument number 020001299.
"(2) Improvements to such real property.
"(b)
.—Effective on the date on which the Architect of the Capitol acquires the property under
USES
subsection (a), such property shall be available to the Librarian of Congress for use as a national audiovisual
conservation center.
"(c)
.—Notwithstanding the limitation on reimbursement or
TRANSFER PAYMENT BY ARCHITECT
transfer of funds under subsection (a) of this section, the Architect of the Capitol may, not later than 90 days
after acquisition of the property under this section, transfer funds to the entity from which the property was
acquired by the Architect of the Capitol. Such transfers may not exceed a total of $16,500,000.
"SEC. 2. LIBRARY BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS.
"[Amended section 167j of this title.]
"SEC. 3. ACCEPTANCE OF TRANSFERRED GIFTS OR TRUST FUNDS.
"Gifts or trust funds given to the Library or the Library of Congress Trust Fund Board for the structural and
mechanical work and refurbishment of Library buildings and grounds specified in section 1 shall be
transferred to the Architect of the Capitol to be spent in accordance with the provisions of the first section of
the Act of June 29, 1922 (2 U.S.C. 141).
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"SEC. 4. FUND FOR TRANSFERRED FUNDS.
"There is established in the Treasury of the United States a fund consisting of those gifts or trust funds
transferred to the Architect of the Capitol under section 3. Upon prior approval of the Committee on House
Oversight [now Committee on House Administration] of the House of Representatives and Committee on
Rules and Administration of the Senate, amounts in the fund shall be available to the Architect of the Capitol,
subject to appropriation, to remain available until expended, for the structural and mechanical work and
refurbishment of Library buildings and grounds. Such funds shall be available for expenditure in fiscal year
1998, subject to the prior approval of the Committee on House Oversight of the House of Representatives and
the Committee on Rules and Administration of the Senate.
"SEC. 5. EFFECTIVE DATE.
"(a)
.—Except as provided in subsection (b), the provisions of this Act shall take effect on
IN GENERAL
the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 15, 1997].
"(b) SPECIAL RULE FOR INCLUSION OF PROPERTY WITHIN LIBRARY BUILDINGS AND
.—The amendment made by section 2 shall take effect upon the acquisition by the Architect of the
GROUNDS
Capitol of the property described in section 1."
TRANSFER OF PROPERTY BY SECRETARY OF ARMY TO PROVIDE FACILITIES TO
ACCOMMODATE LONG-TERM STORAGE AND SERVICE NEEDS
Pub. L. 103–110, §122, Oct. 21, 1993, 107 Stat. 1043, provided that:
"(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary of the Army shall transfer, no later than
September 30, 1994, without reimbursement or transfer of funds, to the Architect of the Capitol, a portion of
the real property, including improvements thereon, consisting of not more than 100 acres located at Fort
George G. Meade in Anne Arundel County, Maryland, as determined under subsection (c).
"(b) The Architect of the Capitol shall, upon completion of the survey performed pursuant to subsection (c)
and the transfer effected pursuant to subsection (a), utilize the transferred property to provide facilities to
accommodate the varied long-term storage and service needs of the Library of Congress and other Legislative
Branch agencies.
"(c) The exact acreage and legal description of the property to be transferred under this section shall be
determined by a survey satisfactory to the Architect of the Capitol and the Secretary of the Army, and in
consultation with officials of Anne Arundel County, Maryland.
"(d) Any real property and improvements thereon transferred pursuant to this section shall be under the
jurisdiction of the Architect of the Capitol, subject to the rules and regulations providing for the use of such
property as may be approved by the House Office Building Commission and the Senate Committee on Rules
and Administration:
, That any existing improvements made available by the Architect to the
Provided
Librarian of Congress, under the direction of the Joint Committee on the Library, or hereafter erected upon
such real property pursuant to law for the purposes of providing for the long-term storage and service needs of
the Library of Congress shall be subject to the provisions of sections 136, 141 and 167 to 167j of title 2,
United States Code.
"(e) Portions of the real property and any improvements thereon transferred pursuant to this section that are
not determined to be immediately required for storage or service needs by the Architect are authorized to be
leased temporarily to the Secretary of the Army:
, That nominal lease payments made by the
Provided
Secretary of the Army shall be credited to the appropriation 'Architect of the Capitol, Library Buildings and
Grounds, Structural and Mechanical Care, No Year'.
"(f) There are authorized to be appropriated to the Architect of the Capitol such sums as may be necessary
to carry out the provisions of this section."
SPECIAL FACILITIES CENTER; TEMPORARY RESTRICTION ON EVENING USE
Pub. L. 102–451, §4, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2253, provided that: "No evening meetings may be held at the
Library of Congress Special Facilities Center until an on-site parking plan for the property is approved by the
Joint Committee on the Library."
SPECIAL FACILITIES CENTER; ACQUISITION
Pub. L. 101–520, title II, §205, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2272, as amended by Pub. L. 102–451, §§1–3, Oct.
23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2253, provided that:
"(a) The Architect of the Capitol may acquire on behalf of the United States Government by purchase,
condemnation, transfer, or otherwise (1) all publicly or privately owned real property in lot 51 in square 869 in
the District of Columbia, as that lot appears on the records in the office of the Surveyor of the District of
Columbia on August 1, 1990, extending to the outer face of the curbs of the square in which it is located and
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including all alleys or parts of alleys and streets within the lot lines and curb lines surrounding such real
property, and (2) improvements to such real property. The property acquired under this section shall be known
as the 'Library of Congress Special Facilities Center' (hereinafter in this section referred to as the 'Center').
"(b) [Amended section 141 of this title.]
"(c) The property and improvements acquired under subsection (a) shall be repaired and altered, to the
maximum extent feasible as determined by the Architect of the Capitol, in compliance with one of the
nationally recognized model building codes and with other applicable nationally recognized codes (including
electrical codes, fire and life safety codes, plumbing codes, as determined appropriate by the Architect), using
the latest edition of the nationally recognized codes referred to in this paragraph.
"(d) [Amended section 167j of this title.]
"(e) Subsections (b) and (c) and the amendment made by subsection (d) shall take effect on the date [Nov.
6, 1991] the Architect of the Capitol acquires the property and improvements described in subsection (a).
"(f) There is authorized to be appropriated to the Architect of the Capitol $5,000,000 for carrying out the
purposes of this section, to remain available until expended.
"(g) Effective on the date [Nov. 6, 1991] on which the Architect of the Capitol acquires the property known
as St. Cecilia's School (Lot 51 in square 869) in the District of Columbia, as provided by law, such property
shall be available to the Librarian of Congress for use—
"(1) as a day care center for children of employees of the Library of Congress and children of other
employees of the legislative branch of the Government;
"(2) for staff training and development for employees of the Library of Congress;
"(3) for external training;
"(4) for general assembly and education programs of the Library;
"(5) for temporary living quarters and common areas for visiting scholars using the collections of the
Library or participating in the programs of the Library; and
"(6) for other purposes relating to the operations of the Library of Congress.
Any use of such property shall be subject to approval by the Joint Committee on the Library, the Committee
on House Administration of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on Rules and Administration of
the Senate.
"(h)(1) The Librarian of Congress—
"(A) may charge fees for use of the Center under paragraphs (3), (4), and (5) of subsection (g); and
"(B) shall deposit the fees in the fund under paragraph (2).
"(2) There is established in the Treasury a fund which shall consist of amounts deposited under paragraph
(1) and such other amounts as may be appropriated to the fund. The fund shall be—
"(A) available to the Librarian of Congress, in amounts specified in appropriations Acts, for the
expenses of the Center; and
"(B) subject to audit by the Comptroller General at the discretion of the Comptroller General."
Similar provisions were contained in Pub. L. 101–562, §§1, 2, 4, Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2780, 2781,
which was repealed by Pub. L. 102–451, §5, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2254, eff. Nov. 15, 1990.
ADDITIONAL BUILDING FOR LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
Pub. L. 86–469, May 14, 1960, 74 Stat. 132, authorized Architect of the Capitol, under direction and
supervision of Joint Committee on the Library, to prepare preliminary plans and estimates of cost for an
additional building for Library of Congress.
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS THOMAS JEFFERSON BUILDING
Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title V, §5402, Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–511, provided that: "The Founders
Hall instructional area in the House of Representatives Page School, located in the Thomas Jefferson Building
of the Library of Congress, shall be known and designated as 'Bill Emerson Hall'."
Pub. L. 96–269, §1, June 13, 1980, 94 Stat. 486, provided: "That the building in the block bounded by East
Capitol Street, Second Street Southeast, Independence Avenue Southeast, and First Street Southeast, in the
District of Columbia (commonly known as the Library of Congress Building or the Library of Congress Main
Building), shall hereafter be known and designated as the 'Library of Congress Thomas Jefferson Building'.
Any reference in any law, map, regulation, document, record, or other paper of the United States to such
building shall be held to be a reference to the Library of Congress Thomas Jefferson Building."
Pub. L. 94–264, Apr. 13, 1976, 90 Stat. 329, which had designated the Library of Congress Annex as the
Library of Congress Thomas Jefferson Building, was repealed by Pub. L. 96–269, §3, June 13, 1980, 94 Stat.
486, as part of the redesignation of that building as the Library of Congress John Adams Building and the
designation of the main building of the Library of Congress as the Library of Congress Thomas Jefferson
Building.
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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS JOHN ADAMS BUILDING
Pub. L. 96–269, §2, June 13, 1980, 94 Stat. 486, provided that: "The building in the block bounded by East
Capitol Street, Second Street Southeast, Third Street Southeast, and Pennsylvania Avenue Southeast, in the
District of Columbia (commonly known as the Library of Congress Thomas Jefferson Building or the Library
of Congress Annex Building), shall hereafter be known and designated as the 'Library of Congress John
Adams Building'. Any reference in any law, map, regulation, document, record, or other paper of the United
States to such building shall be held to be a reference to the Library of Congress John Adams Building."
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS JAMES MADISON MEMORIAL BUILDING
Pub. L. 91–214, §2, Mar. 16, 1970, 84 Stat. 69, provided that: "Nothing contained in the Act of October 19,
1965 (79 Stat. 986) [set out as a note under this section], shall be construed to authorize the use of the third
Library of Congress building authorized by such Act for general office building purposes."
Pub. L. 89–260, Oct. 19, 1965, 79 Stat. 987, as amended by Pub. L. 91–214, §1, Mar. 16, 1970, 84 Stat. 69;
Pub. L. 94–219, Feb. 27, 1976, 90 Stat. 194; Pub. L. 95–548, Oct. 30, 1978, 92 Stat. 2064, provided: "That (a)
the Architect of the Capitol under the direction jointly of the House Office Building Commission, the Senate
Office Building Commission, and the Joint Committee on the Library, after consultation with a committee
designated by the American Institute of Architects, is authorized and directed to construct (including, but not
limited to, the preparation of all necessary designs, plans, and specifications) in square 732 in the District of
Columbia a third Library of Congress fireproof building, which shall be known as the Library of Congress
James Madison Memorial Building. The design of such building shall include a Madison Memorial Hall and
shall be in keeping with the prevailing architecture of the Federal buildings on Capitol Hill. The Madison
Memorial Hall shall be developed in consultation with the James Madison Memorial Commission.
"(b) In carrying out his authority under this joint resolution, the Architect of the Capitol, under the direction
jointly of the House Office Building Commission, the Senate Office Building Commission, and the Joint
Committee on the Library, is authorized (1) to provide for such equipment, such connections with the Capitol
Power Plant and other utilities, such access facilities over or under public streets, such changes in the present
Library of Congress buildings, such changes in or additions to the present tunnels, and such other appurtenant
facilities, as may be necessary, and (2) to do such landscaping as may be necessary by reason of the
construction authorized by this joint resolution.
"
2. The structural and mechanical care of the building authorized by this joint resolution and the care
SEC.
of the surrounding grounds shall be under the Architect of the Capitol.
"
3. There is hereby authorized to be appropriated not to exceed $130,675,000 to construct the building
SEC.
authorized by this joint resolution (including the preparation of all necessary designs, plans, and
specifications).
"There is also authorized to be appropriated not exceeding $10,000 to pay the expenses of the James
Madison Memorial Commission."
So in original. Probably should be "forth".
1 | §141. Allocation of responsibilities for Library buildings and grounds | 1980-06-13T00:00:00 | 65f5995c39b655db740916a55d1cef15038e36bcd170f3674ab5672ef17f7733 |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §143 | All appropriations made to the Architect of the Capitol on account of the Library Building and
Grounds shall be disbursed for that purpose in the same manner as other appropriations under his
control.
(June 29, 1922, ch. 251, §3, 42 Stat. 715.)
[Release Point 118-70]
EXECUTIVE DOCUMENTS
TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS
Disbursement functions of all Government agencies except Departments of the Army, Navy, and Air Force
and Panama Canal transferred to Division of Disbursements, Treasury Department, by Ex. Ord. No. 6166, §4,
June 10, 1933, and Ex. Ord. No. 6728, May 29, 1934.
Division subsequently consolidated with other agencies into Fiscal Service in Treasury Department by
Reorg. Plan No. III of 1940, §1(a)(1), eff. June 30, 1940, 5 F.R. 2107, 54 Stat. 1231. See section 306 of Title
31, Money and Finance. | §143. Appropriations for Library Building and Grounds | 1940-06-30T00:00:00 | 6475e350d86f65797855cc245b79a004736a21109b1887abae124b54aba0372e |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §144 | Ten of the copies of the Statutes at Large, published by Little, Brown & Co., which were
deposited in the Library prior to February 5, 1859, shall be retained by the Librarian for the use of
the justices of the Supreme Court, during the terms of court.
(R.S. §96.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
CODIFICATION
R.S. §96 derived from act Feb. 5, 1859, ch. 22, §11, 11 Stat. 381. | §144. Copies of Statutes at Large | 1859-02-05T00:00:00 | 880aed7312441230993fe8c05af4c0b4c1db54bbffbf75bb22588e756d9ce242 |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §145 | Two copies of the journals and documents, and of each book printed by either House of Congress,
well bound in calf, shall be deposited in the Library, and must not be taken therefrom.
(R.S. §97.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
CODIFICATION
R.S. §97 derived from Res. Jan. 2, 1857, No. 5, §5, 11 Stat. 253. | §145. Copies of journals and documents | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | 0bb75de0fb01eb1f574f9a208ef453d8a0a45747631a6a455aa4fd05f367e183 |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §146 | Twenty-five copies of the public Journals of the Senate, and of the House of Representatives, shall
be deposited in the Library of the United States, at the seat of government, to be delivered to
Members of Congress during any session, and to all other persons authorized by law to use the books
in the Library, upon their application to the Librarian, and giving their responsible receipts for the
same, in like manner as for other books.
(R.S. §98.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
CODIFICATION
R.S. §98 derived from Res. Dec. 27, 1813, No. 1, 3 Stat. 140; Res. July 20, 1840, No. 5, 5 Stat. 409. | §146. Deposit of Journals of Senate and House | 1840-07-20T00:00:00 | 65ebd1aac6328f9ce39e147d4644be7c00404d9079d2eed7aaeee4d98f532510 |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §149 | The Librarian of Congress may from time to time transfer to other governmental libraries within
the District of Columbia, including the Public Library, books and material in the possession of the
Library of Congress in his judgment no longer necessary to its uses, but in the judgment of the
custodians of such other collections likely to be useful to them, and may dispose of or destroy such
material as has become useless:
, That no records of the Federal Government shall be
Provided
transferred, disposed of, or destroyed under the authority granted in this section.
(Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 297, §1, 35 Stat. 858; Oct. 25, 1951, ch. 562, §4(1), 65 Stat. 640.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
AMENDMENTS
1951—Act Oct. 25, 1951, inserted proviso. | §149. Transfer of books to other libraries | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | 53dddd85b54fc604b055e55dd7ff74f8fee460c14b0052ef3d68ad3acf34a998 |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §150 | The Librarian of Congress is authorized to furnish to such institutions or individuals as may desire
to buy them, such copies of the card indexes and other publications of the Library as may not be
required for its ordinary transactions, and charge for the same a price which will cover their cost and
ten per centum added, and all moneys received by him shall be deposited in the Treasury and shall be
credited to the appropriation for necessary expenses for the preparation and distribution of catalog
cards and other publications of the Library.
(June 28, 1902, ch. 1301, §1, 32 Stat. 480; Pub. L. 95–94, title IV, §405(a), Aug. 5, 1977, 91 Stat.
682.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
AMENDMENTS
1977—Pub. L. 95–94 inserted provisions relating to crediting of the moneys deposited in the Treasury.
STATUTORY NOTES AND RELATED SUBSIDIARIES
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1977 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 95–94, title IV, §405(b), Aug. 5, 1977, 91 Stat. 682, provided that: "The amendment made by
subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect on October 1, 1977." | §150. Sale of copies of card indexes and other publications | 1977-10-01T00:00:00 | 0573c19079bdce227ba14b331d7b370abba7d77360aaecea3be657ec755ef191 |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §151 | The library collected by the Smithsonian Institution under the provisions of the Act of August 10,
1846, chapter 25, and removed from the building of that institution, with the consent of the Regents
thereof, to the Library of Congress, shall, while there deposited, be subject to the same regulations as
the Library of Congress, except as hereinafter provided.
(R.S. §99.)
[Release Point 118-70]
EDITORIAL NOTES
REFERENCES IN TEXT
Act of August 10, 1846, chapter 25, referred to in text, probably should be act Aug. 10, 1846, ch. 178, 9
Stat. 102, which was entitled "An Act to establish the 'Smithsonian Institution', for the increase and diffusion
of knowledge among men".
CODIFICATION
R.S. §99 derived from act Apr. 5, 1866, ch. 25, §1, 14 Stat. 13. | §151. Smithsonian Library | 1846-08-10T00:00:00 | 385c01a8f0f6f411567459bf33d0a5e62ec317299cccb70ac3bf70ae176097af |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §152 | The Smithsonian Institution shall have the use of the library referred to in section 151 of this title
in like manner as before its removal. All the books, maps, and charts of the Smithsonian Library
shall be properly cared for and preserved in like manner as are those of the Congressional Library;
from which the Smithsonian Library shall not be removed except on reimbursement by the
Smithsonian Institution to the Treasury of the United States of expenses incurred in binding and in
taking care of the same, or upon such terms and conditions as shall be mutually agreed upon by
Congress and the Regents of the Institution.
(R.S. §100.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
CODIFICATION
R.S. §100 derived from act Apr. 5, 1866, ch. 25, §2, 14 Stat. 13. | §152. Care and use of Smithsonian Library | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | b86a5218d4662701c765a30601b9349f9d87179085fa261f0f72dca8ed58a916 |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §153 | The library of the House of Representatives shall be under the control and direction of the
Librarian of Congress, who shall provide all needful books of reference therefor. The librarian, two
assistant librarians, and assistant in the library, shall be appointed by the Clerk of the House, with the
approval of the Speaker of the House of Representatives. No removals shall be made from the said
positions except for cause reported to and approved by the Committee on Rules. | §153. Control of library of House of Representatives | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | a5c918caf853d59d6f60e4c2bb6b9fd8029d5100044d58095233195ddc4697c7 |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §154 | regulations
A board is created and established, to be known as the "Library of Congress Trust Fund Board"
(hereinafter referred to as the board), which shall consist of the Secretary of the Treasury (or an
Assistant Secretary designated in writing by the Secretary of the Treasury), the chairman and the
vice chair of the Joint Committee on the Library, the Librarian of Congress, two persons appointed
by the President for a term of five years each (the first appointments being for three and five years,
respectively), four persons appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives (in consultation
with the minority leader of the House of Representatives) for a term of five years each (the first
appointments being for two, three, four, and five years, respectively), and four persons appointed by
the majority leader of the Senate (in consultation with the minority leader of the Senate) for a term of
five years each (the first appointments being for two, three, four, and five years, respectively). Upon
request of the chair of the Board, any member whose term has expired may continue to serve on the
Trust Fund Board until the earlier of the date on which such member's successor is appointed or the
expiration of the 1-year period which begins on the date such member's term expires. Seven
members of the board shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, and the board shall
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have an official seal, which shall be judicially noticed. The board may adopt rules and regulations in
regard to its procedure and the conduct of its business.
(Mar. 3, 1925, ch. 423, §1, 43 Stat. 1107; Pub. L. 95–277, May 12, 1978, 92 Stat. 236; Pub. L.
102–246, §§1, 2, Feb. 18, 1992, 106 Stat. 31; Pub. L. 106–481, title II, §201, Nov. 9, 2000, 114 Stat.
2190.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
CODIFICATION
Section is comprised of first par. of section 1 of act Mar. 3, 1925. Second par. of section 1 is classified to
section 155 of this title.
AMENDMENTS
2000—Pub. L. 106–481 inserted "and the vice chair" after "the chairman" and "Upon request of the chair of
the Board, any member whose term has expired may continue to serve on the Trust Fund Board until the
earlier of the date on which such member's successor is appointed or the expiration of the 1-year period which
begins on the date such member's term expires." after first sentence and substituted "Seven members of the
board" for "Nine members of the board".
1992—Pub. L. 102–246 struck out "and" after "Librarian of Congress," inserted ", four persons appointed
by the Speaker of the House of Representatives (in consultation with the minority leader of the House of
Representatives) for a term of five years each (the first appointments being for two, three, four, and five years,
respectively), and four persons appointed by the majority leader of the Senate (in consultation with the
minority leader of the Senate) for a term of five years each (the first appointments being for two, three, four,
and five years, respectively)" after "respectively)", and substituted "Nine" for "Three".
1978—Pub. L. 95–277 inserted "(or an Assistant Secretary designated in writing by the Secretary of the
Treasury)".
STATUTORY NOTES AND RELATED SUBSIDIARIES
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2000 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 106–481, title II, §202, Nov. 9, 2000, 114 Stat. 2191, provided that: "The amendments made by this
title [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 9, 2000]."
SHORT TITLE
Act Mar. 3, 1925, enacting sections 154 to 162 and 163 of this title, is popularly known as the "Library of
Congress Trust Fund Board Act". | §154. Library of Congress Trust Fund Board; members; quorum; seal; rules and | 1978-05-12T00:00:00 | 48dac0ba8346a3b8a51d5a29f7e38c2ca2380c7b47a846fcee65525832ad235a |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §155 | No compensation shall be paid to the members of the board for their services as such members,
but they shall be reimbursed for the expenses necessarily incurred by them, out of the income from
the fund or funds in connection with which such expenses are incurred. The voucher of the chairman
of the board shall be sufficient evidence that the expenses are properly allowable. Any expenses of
the board, including the cost of its seal, not properly chargeable to the income of any trust fund held
by it, shall be estimated for in the annual estimates of the librarian for the maintenance of the Library
of Congress.
(Mar. 3, 1925, ch. 423, §1, 43 Stat. 1107.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
CODIFICATION
Section is comprised of second par. of section 1 of act Mar. 3, 1925. First par. of section 1 is classified to
section 154 of this title.
[Release Point 118-70] | §155. Compensation and expenses of Library of Congress Trust Fund Board | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | cedcc7dd2677fb3e9380e33b3cadb48dbf7ce90684bba76d8f3fd88022932c53 |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §156 | The Board is authorized to accept, receive, hold, and administer such gifts, bequests, or devises of
property for the benefit of, or in connection with, the Library, its collections, or its service, as may be
approved by the Board and by the Joint Committee on the Library.
(Mar. 3, 1925, ch. 423, §2, formerly §1, 43 Stat. 1107, renumbered Apr. 13, 1936, ch. 213, 49 Stat.
1205.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
CODIFICATION
Section is comprised of first par. of section 2 of act Mar. 3, 1925. Second, third, and fourth pars. of section
2 are classified to sections 157, 158, and 158a of this title, respectively. | §156. Gifts, etc., to Library of Congress Trust Fund Board | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | c1e8f3a7e39e8a1158852f507fb7d725cb61894be9b7f01c7a33c1dc6f3fac04 |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §157 | The moneys or securities composing the trust funds given or bequeathed to the board shall be
receipted for by the Secretary of the Treasury, who shall invest, reinvest, or retain investments as the
board may from time to time determine. The income as and when collected shall be deposited with
the Treasurer of the United States, who shall enter it in a special account to the credit of the Library
of Congress and subject to disbursement by the librarian for the purposes in each case specified; and
the Treasurer of the United States is authorized to honor the requisitions of the librarian made in such
manner and in accordance with such regulations as the Treasurer may from time to time prescribe:
, That the board is not authorized to engage in any business nor to exercise any
Provided, however
voting privilege which may be incidental to securities in its hands, nor shall the board make any
investments that could not lawfully be made by a trust company in the District of Columbia, except
that it may make any investments directly authorized by the instrument of gift, and may retain any
investments accepted by it.
(Mar. 3, 1925, ch. 423, §2, formerly §1, 43 Stat. 1107, renumbered Apr. 13, 1936, ch. 213, 49 Stat.
1205.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
CODIFICATION
Section is comprised of second par. of section 2 of act Mar. 3, 1925. First, third, and fourth pars. of section
2 are classified to sections 156, 158, and 158a of this title, respectively. | §157. Funds of Library of Congress Trust Fund Board; management of | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | 4f8e833c863d98ef698265f8dd619409afdf5998ed47544391cec8b4b8525df2 |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §158 | United States
In the absence of any specification to the contrary, the board may deposit the principal sum, in
cash, with the Treasurer of the United States as a permanent loan to the United States Treasury, and
the Treasurer shall thereafter credit such deposit with interest at a rate which is the higher of the rate
of 4 per centum per annum or a rate which is 0.25 percentage points less than a rate determined by
the Secretary of the Treasury, taking into consideration the current average market yield on
outstanding long-term marketable obligations of the United States, adjusted to the nearest one-eighth
of 1 per centum, payable semi-annually, such interest, as income, being subject to disbursement by
the Librarian of Congress for the purposes specified:
, That the total of such
Provided, however
principal sums at any time so held by the Treasurer under this authorization shall not exceed the sum
of $10,000,000.
(Mar. 3, 1925, ch. 423, §2, formerly §1, 43 Stat. 1107; renumbered §2, Apr. 13, 1936, ch. 213, 49
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Stat. 1205; amended June 23, 1936, ch. 734, 49 Stat. 1894; Pub. L. 87–522, July 3, 1962, 76 Stat.
135; Pub. L. 94–289, May 22, 1976, 90 Stat. 521.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
CODIFICATION
Section is comprised of third par. of section 2 of act Mar. 3, 1925. First, second, and fourth pars. of section
2 are classified to sections 156, 157, and 158a of this title, respectively.
AMENDMENTS
1976—Pub. L. 94–289 substituted "a rate which is the higher of the rate of 4 per centum per annum or a
rate which is 0.25 percentage points less than a rate determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, taking into
consideration the current average market yield on outstanding long-term marketable obligations of the United
States, adjusted to the nearest one-eighth of 1 per centum" for "the rate of 4 per centum per annum".
1962—Pub. L. 87–522 increased the total amount of deposits which can be held by the Treasurer from
$5,000,000 to $10,000,000.
1936—Act June 23, 1936, substituted "in the absence of any specification to the contrary" for "Should any
gift or bequest so provide". | §158. Deposits by Library of Congress Trust Fund Board with Treasurer of | 1936-06-23T00:00:00 | a0c22901dc1c5787ee3651434fa3addeb44152f81bed2c0dc06888c54c325f89 |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §159 | Fund Board
The board shall have perpetual succession, with all the usual powers and obligations of a trustee,
including the power to sell, except as herein limited, in respect of all property, moneys, or securities
which shall be conveyed, transferred, assigned, bequeathed, delivered, or paid over to it for the
purposes above specified. The board may be sued in the United States District Court for the District
of Columbia, which is given jurisdiction of such suits, for the purpose of enforcing the provisions of
any trust accepted by it.
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(Mar. 3, 1925, ch. 423, §3, 43 Stat. 1108; Jan. 27, 1926, ch. 6, §1, 44 Stat. 2; June 25, 1936, ch. 804,
49 Stat. 1921; June 25, 1948, ch. 646, §32(a), 62 Stat. 991; May 24, 1949, ch. 139, §127, 63 Stat.
107.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
AMENDMENTS
1926—Act Jan. 27, 1926, inserted "including the power to sell" in first sentence.
STATUTORY NOTES AND RELATED SUBSIDIARIES
CHANGE OF NAME
Act June 25, 1948, eff. Sept. 1, 1948, as amended by act May 24, 1949, substituted "United States District
Court for the District of Columbia" for "district court of the United States for the District of Columbia".
Act June 25, 1936, provided that the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia is to be known as the
District Court of the United States for the District of Columbia. | §159. Perpetual succession and suits by or against Library of Congress Trust | 1936-06-25T00:00:00 | 7e2e6542c57f4e4b69d16c4e45b30f900b0c3ba1a5708ffac7614e4960508871 |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §160 | Nothing in sections 154 to 162 and 163 of this title shall be construed as prohibiting or
1
restricting the Librarian of Congress from accepting in the name of the United States gifts or
bequests in the interest of the Library, its collections, or its service, of the following: (1) nonpersonal
services; (2) voluntary and uncompensated personal services not to exceed $10,000 per person, per
year in value; (3) gifts or bequests of money for immediate disbursement; and (4) gifts or bequests of
securities or other personal property. Such gifts or bequests of money, after acceptance by the
librarian, shall be paid by the donor or his representative to the Treasurer of the United States, whose
receipts shall be their acquittance. In the case of a gift of securities, the Librarian shall sell the gift
and provide the donor with such acknowledgment as needed for the donor to substantiate the gift.
The Treasurer of the United States shall enter the gift, bequest, or proceeds in a special account to
the credit of the Library of Congress and subject to disbursement by the librarian for the purposes in
each case specified. The Librarian shall make an annual public report regarding gifts accepted under
this section.
Upon agreement by the Librarian of Congress and the Board, a gift or bequest accepted by the
Librarian under the first paragraph of this section may be invested or reinvested in the same manner
as provided for trust funds under section 157 of this title.
(Mar. 3, 1925, ch. 423, §4, 43 Stat. 1108; Pub. L. 105–55, title II, §208, Oct. 7, 1997, 111 Stat. 1194;
Pub. L. 115–141, div. I, title I, §152, Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 784; Pub. L. 117–103, div. I, title I, | §160. Disbursement of gifts, etc., to Library | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | 383ba95bbbf234e45230d223e5ee8bd0c040c2800e1da4d512dfa90d50585d9f |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §161 | Gifts or bequests or devises to or for the benefit of the Library of Congress, including those to the
board, and the income therefrom, shall be exempt from all Federal taxes, including all taxes levied
by the District of Columbia.
(Mar. 3, 1925, ch. 423, §5, 43 Stat. 1108; Oct. 2, 1942, ch. 576, 56 Stat. 765.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
AMENDMENTS
1942—Act Oct. 2, 1942, included devises in the exemptions, and exempted gifts, bequests and devises, and
the income therefrom, from taxes levied by the District of Columbia. | §161. Tax exemption of gifts, etc., to Library of Congress | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | d2b49a634ba3cf6460dd9a4b7271623fa1828523669cbd7f8a6718f26e9db4c3 |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §162 | Employees of the Library of Congress who perform special functions for the performance of
which funds have been entrusted to the board or the librarian, or in connection with cooperative
undertakings in which the Library of Congress is engaged, shall not be subject to section 209 of title
18; and section 5533 of title 5 shall not apply to any additional compensation so paid to such
employees.
(Mar. 3, 1925, ch. 423, §6, 43 Stat. 1108; Jan. 27, 1926, ch. 6, §2, 44 Stat. 2; Pub. L. 88–448, title
IV, §401(j), Aug. 19, 1964, 78 Stat. 491.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
CODIFICATION
"Section 209 of title 18" substituted in text for reference to the Act of March 3, 1917, 39 Stat. 1106 (5
U.S.C. 66), on authority of (1) act June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 683, section 1 of which enacted Title 18,
Crimes and Criminal Procedure, and which enacted in section 1914 of Title 18 the provisions formerly
classified to section 66 of Title 5; and (2) section 2 of Pub. L. 87–849, Oct. 23, 1962, 76 Stat. 1126, which
repealed section 1914 of Title 18 and supplanted it with section 209, and which provided that exemptions
from section 1914 shall be deemed exemptions from section 209. For further details, see Exemptions note set
out under section 203 of Title 18.
"Section 5533 of title 5" substituted in text for "section 301 of the Dual Compensation Act [5 U.S.C. 3105]"
on authority of sec. 7(b) of Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 631, the first section of which enacted Title
5, Government Organization and Employees.
Section was formerly classified to sections 60 and 65 of Title 5 prior to the general revision and enactment
of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, by Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 378.
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AMENDMENTS
1964—Pub. L. 88–448 substituted "and section 301 of the Dual Compensation Act [5 U.S.C. 3105] shall
not apply to any additional compensation so paid to such employees" for "nor shall any additional
compensation so paid to such employees be construed as a double salary under the provisions of section 6 of
the Act making appropriations for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses of the Government for the
fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, as amended (Thirty-ninth Statutes at Large, page 582) [5 U.S.C. 58]".
1926—Act Jan. 27, 1926, struck out the comma after "undertakings".
STATUTORY NOTES AND RELATED SUBSIDIARIES
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1964 AMENDMENT
Amendment by Pub. L. 88–448 effective on first day of first month which begins later than the ninetieth
day following Aug. 19, 1964, see section 403 of Pub. L. 88–448, title IV, Aug. 19, 1964, 78 Stat. 496. | §162. Compensation of Library of Congress employees | 1917-06-30T00:00:00 | 6fb2708b39f8644ff939bb6eeb6eceb327ea1435c9e40eaa7f7a7382e88bb7fa |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §164 | The Librarian of Congress is authorized and directed to prepare biennially an index to the
legislation of the States of the United States enacted during the biennium, together with a
supplemental digest of the more important legislation of the period.
(Feb. 10, 1927, ch. 99, §1, 44 Stat. 1066; Feb. 28, 1929, ch. 367, §1, 45 Stat. 1398.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
AMENDMENTS
1929—Act Feb. 28, 1929, repealed provision that the Librarian of Congress report biennially to Congress
an index and digest of State legislation.
[Release Point 118-70] | §164. Index and digest of State legislation; preparation | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | 6d30a0558e140c685c35b17f2d45f60c0097d573130be48e8b2e563f4220edd0 |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §165 | There is authorized to be appropriated annually for carrying out the provisions of section 164 of
this title the sum of $30,000, to remain available until expended. | §165. Authorization for appropriation for biennial index | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | aa9cfefc0ea6915e8c2d74fc9891d982c3c5448f7438a786d2c732992a5d4870 |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §166 | (a) Redesignation of Legislative Reference Service
The Legislative Reference Service in the Library of Congress is hereby continued as a separate
department in the Library of Congress and is redesignated the "Congressional Research Service".
(b) Functions and objectives
It is the policy of Congress that—
(1) the Librarian of Congress shall, in every possible way, encourage, assist, and promote the
Congressional Research Service in—
(A) rendering to Congress the most effective and efficient service,
(B) responding most expeditiously, effectively, and efficiently to the special needs of
Congress, and
(C) discharging its responsibilities to Congress;
and
(2) the Librarian of Congress shall grant and accord to the Congressional Research Service
complete research independence and the maximum practicable administrative independence
consistent with these objectives.
(c) Appointment and compensation of Director, Deputy Director, and other necessary
personnel; minimum grade for Senior Specialists; classification above GS–15 of Specialists
and Senior Specialists; appointment without regard to civil service laws and political
affiliation and on basis of fitness to perform duties
(1) After consultation with the Joint Committee on the Library, the Librarian of Congress shall
appoint the Director of the Congressional Research Service. The Director shall be compensated at
the greater of the rate of pay in effect for level III of the Executive Schedule under section 5314 of
title 5 or the maximum annual rate of basic pay payable under section 5376 of such title for positions
at agencies with a performance appraisal system certified under section 5307(d) of such title.
(2) The Librarian of Congress, upon the recommendation of the Director, shall appoint a Deputy
Director of the Congressional Research Service and all other necessary personnel thereof. The basic
pay of the Deputy Director shall be fixed in accordance with chapter 51 (relating to classification)
and section 5376 of title 5. The basic pay of all other necessary personnel of the Congressional
Research Service shall be fixed in accordance with chapter 51 (relating to classification) and
subchapter III (relating to General Schedule pay rates) of chapter 53 of title 5, except that—
(A) the grade of Senior Specialist in each field within the purview of subsection (e) of this
section shall not be less than the highest grade in the executive branch of the Government to which
research analysts and consultants, without supervisory responsibility, are currently assigned; and
(B) the positions of Specialist and Senior Specialist in the Congressional Research Service may
be classified above GS–15 in accordance with section 5108(c) of title 5, and the rate of basic pay
for such positions may be fixed in accordance with section 5376 of such title, subject to the prior
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approval of the Joint Committee on the Library.
(3) Each appointment made under paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection and subsection (e) of
this section shall be without regard to the civil service laws, without regard to political affiliation,
and solely on the basis of fitness to perform the duties of the position.
(d) Duties of Service; assistance to Congressional committees; list of terminating programs and
subjects for analysis; legislative data, studies, etc.; information research; digest of bills,
preparation; legislation, purpose and effect, and preparation of memoranda; information
and research capability, development
It shall be the duty of the Congressional Research Service, without partisan bias—
(1) upon request, to advise and assist any committee of the Senate or House of Representatives
and any joint committee of Congress in the analysis, appraisal, and evaluation of legislative
proposals within that committee's jurisdiction, or of recommendations submitted to Congress, by
the President or any executive agency, so as to assist the committee in—
(A) determining the advisability of enacting such proposals;
(B) estimating the probable results of such proposals and alternatives thereto; and
(C) evaluating alternative methods for accomplishing those results;
and, by providing such other research and analytical services as the committee considers
appropriate for these purposes, otherwise to assist in furnishing a basis for the proper evaluation
and determination of legislative proposals and recommendations generally; and in the performance
of this duty the Service shall have authority, when so authorized by a committee and acting as the
agent of that committee, to request of any department or agency of the United States the
production of such books, records, correspondence, memoranda, papers, and documents as the
Service considers necessary, and such department or agency of the United States shall comply
with such request; and further, in the performance of this and any other relevant duty, the Service
shall maintain continuous liaison with all committees;
(2) to make available to each committee of the Senate and House of Representatives and each
joint committee of the two Houses, at the opening of a new Congress, a list of programs and
activities being carried out under existing law scheduled to terminate during the current Congress,
which are within the jurisdiction of the committee;
(3) to make available to each committee of the Senate and House of Representatives and each
joint committee of the two Houses, at the opening of a new Congress, a list of subjects and policy
areas which the committee might profitably analyze in depth;
(4) upon request, or upon its own initiative in anticipation of requests, to collect, classify, and
analyze in the form of studies, reports, compilations, digests, bulletins, indexes, translations, and
otherwise, data having a bearing on legislation, and to make such data available and serviceable to
committees and Members of the Senate and House of Representatives and joint committees of
Congress;
(5) upon request, or upon its own initiative in anticipation of requests, to prepare and provide
information, research, and reference materials and services to committees and Members of the
Senate and House of Representatives and joint committees of Congress to assist them in their
legislative and representative functions;
(6) to prepare summaries and digests of bills and resolutions of a public general nature
introduced in the Senate or House of Representatives;
(7) upon request made by any committee or Member of the Congress, to prepare and transmit to
such committee or Member a concise memorandum with respect to one or more legislative
measures upon which hearings by any committee of the Congress have been announced, which
memorandum shall contain a statement of the purpose and effect of each such measure, a
description of other relevant measures of similar purpose or effect previously introduced in the
Congress, and a recitation of all action taken theretofore by or within the Congress with respect to
each such other measure;
(8) to develop and maintain an information and research capability, to include Senior
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Specialists, Specialists, other employees, and consultants, as necessary, to perform the functions
provided for in this subsection; and
(9) to comply with the requirements of, and provide information and technological assistance
consistent with, section 124 of the Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2018.
1
(e) Specialists and Senior Specialists; appointment; fields of appointment
The Librarian of Congress is authorized to appoint in the Congressional Research Service, upon
the recommendation of the Director, Specialists and Senior Specialists in the following broad fields:
(1) agriculture;
(2) American government and public administration;
(3) American public law;
(4) conservation;
(5) education;
(6) engineering and public works;
(7) housing;
(8) industrial organization and corporation finance;
(9) international affairs;
(10) international trade and economic geography;
(11) labor and employment;
(12) mineral economics;
(13) money and banking;
(14) national defense;
(15) price economics;
(16) science;
(17) social welfare;
(18) taxation and fiscal policy;
(19) technology;
(20) transportation and communications;
(21) urban affairs;
(22) veterans' affairs; and
(23) such other broad fields as the Director may consider appropriate.
Such Specialists and Senior Specialists, together with such other employees of the Congressional
Research Service as may be necessary, shall be available for special work with the committees and
Members of the Senate and House of Representatives and the joint committees of Congress for any
of the purposes of subsection (d) of this section.
(f) Duties of Director; establishment and change of research and reference divisions or other
organizational units, or both
The Director is authorized—
(1) to classify, organize, arrange, group, and divide, from time to time, as he considers
advisable, the requests for advice, assistance, and other services submitted to the Congressional
Research Service by committees and Members of the Senate and House of Representatives and
joint committees of Congress, into such classes and categories as he considers necessary to—
(A) expedite and facilitate the handling of the individual requests submitted by Members of
the Senate and House of Representatives,
(B) promote efficiency in the performance of services for committees of the Senate and
House of Representatives and joint committees of Congress, and
(C) provide a basis for the efficient performance by the Congressional Research Service of its
legislative research and related functions generally,
and
(2) to establish and change, from time to time, as he considers advisable, within the
Congressional Research Service, such research and reference divisions or other organizational
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units, or both, as he considers necessary to accomplish the purposes of this section.
(g) Budget estimates
The Director of the Congressional Research Service will submit to the Librarian of Congress for
review, consideration, evaluation, and approval, the budget estimates of the Congressional Research
Service for inclusion in the Budget of the United States Government.
(h) Experts or consultants, individual or organizational, and persons and organizations with
specialized knowledge; procurement of temporary or intermittent assistance; contracts,
nonpersonal and personal service; advertisement requirements inapplicable; end product;
pay; travel time
(1) The Director of the Congressional Research Service may procure the temporary or intermittent
assistance of individual experts or consultants (including stenographic reporters) and of persons
learned in particular or specialized fields of knowledge—
(A) by nonpersonal service contract, without regard to any provision of law requiring
advertising for contract bids, with the individual expert, consultant, or other person concerned, as
an independent contractor, for the furnishing by him to the Congressional Research Service of a
written study, treatise, theme, discourse, dissertation, thesis, summary, advisory opinion, or other
end product; or
(B) by employment (for a period of not more than one year) in the Congressional Research
Service of the individual expert, consultant, or other person concerned, by personal service
contract or otherwise, without regard to the position classification laws, at a rate of pay not in
excess of the per diem equivalent of the highest rate of basic pay then currently in effect for the
General Schedule of section 5332 of title 5, including payment of such rate for necessary travel
time.
(2) The Director of the Congressional Research Service may procure by contract, without regard
to any provision of law requiring advertising for contract bids, the temporary (for respective periods
not in excess of one year) or intermittent assistance of educational, research, or other organizations
of experts and consultants (including stenographic reporters) and of educational, research, and other
organizations of persons learned in particular or specialized fields of knowledge.
(i) Special report to Joint Committee on the Library
The Director of the Congressional Research Service shall prepare and file with the Joint
Committee on the Library at the beginning of each regular session of Congress a separate and special
report covering, in summary and in detail, all phases of activity of the Congressional Research
Service for the immediately preceding fiscal year, and shall include in the report a description of the
efforts made by the Director to make additional Congressional Research Service products that are not
confidential products or services available to the Librarian of Congress for publication on the
website established and maintained under section 124 of the Legislative Branch Appropriations
1
Act, 2018.
(j) Authorization of appropriations
There are hereby authorized to be appropriated to the Congressional Research Service each fiscal
year such sums as may be necessary to carry on the work of the Service.
(Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 753, title II, §203, 60 Stat. 836; Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, title XI, §1106(a), 63 Stat.
972; Pub. L. 91–510, title III, §321(a), Oct. 26, 1970, 84 Stat. 1181; Pub. L. 99–190, §133, Dec. 19,
1985, 99 Stat. 1322; Pub. L. 106–57, title II, §209(b), Sept. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 424; Pub. L.
115–141, div. I, title I, §154(b)(7), (d), Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 789, 790; Pub. L. 116–94, div. P,
title XIV, §1404(a)(2), (b)(1), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 3208.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
REFERENCES IN TEXT
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Section 124 of the Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2018, referred to in subsecs. (d)(9) and (i),
probably should be section 154 of the Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2018, Pub. L. 115–141, div. I,
title I, Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 787. Section 154 of Pub. L. 115–141 enacted section 166a of this title, related
to equal access to Congressional Research Service Reports, and amended this section. Div. I of Pub. L.
115–141 does not contain a section 124.
AMENDMENTS
2019—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 116–94, §1404(a)(2), substituted "The Director shall be compensated at the
greater of the rate of pay in effect for level III of the Executive Schedule under section 5314 of title 5 or the
maximum annual rate of basic pay payable under section 5376 of such title for positions at agencies with a
performance appraisal system certified under section 5307(d) of such title." for "The basic pay of the Director
shall be at a per annum rate equal to the rate of basic pay provided for level III of the Executive Schedule
under section 5314 of title 5."
Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 116–94, §1404(b)(1)(A), substituted "section 5376 of title 5." for "subchapter III
(relating to General Schedule pay rates) of chapter 53 of title 5, but without regard to section 5108(a) of such
title." in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (c)(2)(B). Pub. L. 116–94, §1404(b)(1)(B), substituted "may be classified above GS–15 in
accordance with section 5108(c) of title 5, and the rate of basic pay for such positions may be fixed in
accordance with section 5376 of such title, subject to the prior approval of the Joint Committee on the
Library." for "may be placed in GS–16, 17, and 18 of the General Schedule of section 5332 of title 5, without
regard to section 5108(a) of such title, subject to the prior approval of the Joint Committee on the Library, of
the placement of each such position in any of such grades."
2018—Subsec. (d)(9). Pub. L. 115–141, §154(d), added par. (9).
Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 115–141, §154(b)(7), substituted ", and shall include in the report a description of the
efforts made by the Director to make additional Congressional Research Service products that are not
confidential products or services available to the Librarian of Congress for publication on the website
established and maintained under section 124 of the Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2018." for period
at end.
1999—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 106–57 substituted second sentence for former second sentence which read
as follows: "The basic pay of the Director shall be at a per annum rate equal to the rate of basic pay provided
for level V of the Executive Schedule contained in section 5316 of title 5."
1985—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 99–190 amended subsec. (g) generally. Prior to amendment subsec. (g) read as
follows: "In order to facilitate the study, consideration, evaluation, and determination by the Congress of the
budget requirements of the Congressional Research Service for each fiscal year, the Librarian of Congress
shall receive from the Director and submit, for inclusion in the Budget of the United States Government, the
budget estimates of the Congressional Research Service which shall be prepared separately by the Director in
detail for each fiscal year as a separate item of the budget estimates of the Library of Congress for such fiscal
year."
1970—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–510 substituted provision for continuation of Legislative Reference Service,
redesignated "Congressional Research Service", for prior authorization for establishment of Legislative
Reference Service and deleted second sentence, cls. (1) to (3), prescribing as duties of such Service for the
Congress and its committees, the giving of advice and assistance, making data available, and preparing
summaries and digests of public hearings before committees and of bills and resolutions of public nature,
which was incorporated in subsec. (d)(1), (d)(4), and (d)(6), respectively, of this section.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91–510 added subsec. (b). Former subsec. (b)(1) provided for appointment of director,
assistant director, and other necessary personnel of Legislative Reference Service, without regard to
civil-service laws, without reference to political affiliations, on ground of fitness to perform duties of the
office, for compensation in accordance with Classification Act of 1949, with a prescribed minimum for senior
specialists in the various fields, and made all employees of the Service subject to civil-service retirement laws,
now incorporated in subsec. (c)(1), (2)(A), and (3) of this section and sections 8331(1)(viii) and 8347(j) of
Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. Former subsec. (b)(2) provided for appointment of senior
specialists in certain enumerated fields and was covered in subsec. (e) of this section.
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 91–510 incorporated in provisions added as subsec. (c) provisions of former subsec. (b)
(1), and in revising them, provided in par. (1) for consultation with Joint Committee on the Library before
appointment of Director and for basic pay rate of Director equal to level V of Executive Schedule, provided in
par. (2) for appointment, upon recommendation of the Director, of a Deputy Director and made references to
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classification and General Schedule pay rate provisions of revised Title 5, reenacted as subpar. (A) proviso of
second sentence of former subsec. (b)(1), and added subpar. (B), and in par. (3) reenacted part of first sentence
of former subsec. (b)(1).
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 91–510 incorporated in provisions added as subsec. (d) second sentence, cls. (1) to (3),
of former subsec. (a), and in revising the provision, added pars. (2), (3), (5), (7), and (8), substituted
"Congressional Research Service" for "Legislative Reference Service", reenacted introductory "without
partisan bias" provision of former cl. (2), incorporated in par. (1) former cl. (1), substituting "proposals within
that committee's jurisdiction" for "proposals pending before it" and "otherwise to assist in furnishing a basis
for the proper evaluation and determination of legislative proposals and recommendations generally" for
"otherwise to assist in furnishing a basis for the proper determination of measures before the committee",
added subpars. (A) to (C), provision for assistance by providing other research and analytical services,
authorization for production of books, records, etc., compliance with request for such production, and
maintenance of liaison with all committees, incorporated in par. (4) former cl. (2), substituting "collect" for
"gather" and including analysis in form of studies and reports, and making data available to joint committees,
and incorporated in par. (6) former cl. (3), omitting provision respecting summaries and digests of public
hearings before committees of Congress.
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 91–510 incorporated in provisions added as subsec. (e) provisions of former subsec.
(b)(2), and in revising them, in introductory text, substituted "Congressional Research Service" for
"Legislative Reference Service" and authorized appointments "upon the recommendation of the Director",
including Specialists; provided numerical item designations for broad fields listed in prior paragraph in run-on
form, added fields of national defense, science, technology, urban affairs, and other broad fields as deemed
appropriate by the Director in items (14), (16), (19), (21), and (23), and combined separate fields of "full
employment" and "labor" in "labor and employment" in item (11); and in last sentence, included Senior
Specialists and substituted "such other employees of the Congressional Research Service" for "such other
members of the staff" and "special work with the committees and Members of the Senate and House of
Representatives and the joint committees of Congress for any of the purposes of subsection (d) of this section"
for "special work with the appropriate committees of Congress for any of the purposes set out in subsection
(a)(1) of this section".
Subsecs. (f) to (i). Pub. L. 91–510 added subsecs. (f) to (i).
Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 91–510 incorporated in provisions added as subsec. (j) appropriations authorization of
section 203(c) of Act Aug. 2, 1946, which had also provided $550,000, $650,000, and $750,000, for fiscal
years ending June 30, 1947, 1948, and 1949, respectively.
1949—Subsec. (b)(1). Act Oct. 28, 1949, substituted "Classification Act of 1949" for "Classification Act of
1923".
STATUTORY NOTES AND RELATED SUBSIDIARIES
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2018 AMENDMENT
Amendment by Pub. L. 115–141 effective 90 days after the date on which the Librarian of Congress
submits the certification described in section 166a(f)(2)(B) of this title, with delay permitted for technical
difficulties, see section 166a(f) of this title.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1999 AMENDMENT
Amendment by Pub. L. 106–57 applicable with respect to the first pay period which begins on or after Sept.
29, 1999 and each subsequent pay period, see section 209(c) of Pub. L. 106–57, set out as a note under section
136a–2 of this title.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1970 AMENDMENT
Amendment of provisions, other than enactment of subsecs. (d)(2), (3) and (i) of this section, and enactment
of subsecs. (d)(2), (3) and (i) by Pub. L. 91–510 effective immediately prior to noon on Jan. 3, 1971, at the
close of the first session of the Ninety-second Congress, and with respect to fiscal years beginning on or after
July 1, 1970, respectively, see section 601(1), (3), and (4) of Pub. L. 91–510, set out as a note under section
4301 of this title.
EFFECTIVE DATE
Section effective Aug. 2, 1946, see section 245 of act Aug. 2, 1946, set out as a note under section 4301 of
this title.
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REPEALS
Act Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, cited as a credit to this section, was repealed (subject to a savings clause) by
Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, §8, 80 Stat. 632, 655.
REFERENCES IN OTHER LAWS TO GS–16, 17, OR 18 PAY RATES
References in laws to the rates of pay for GS–16, 17, or 18, or to maximum rates of pay under the General
Schedule, to be considered references to rates payable under specified sections of Title 5, Government
Organization and Employees, see section 529 [title I, §101(c)(1)] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out in a note under
section 5376 of Title 5.
COMPENSATION OF DIRECTOR OF CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
Pub. L. 105–275, title I, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2444, which provided that the compensation of the
Director of the Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, was to be at an annual rate equal to the
annual rate of basic pay for positions at level IV of the Executive Schedule under section 5315 of title 5, was
from the Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 1999, and was not repeated in subsequent appropriations
acts. Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts:
Pub. L. 105–55, title I, Oct. 7, 1997, 111 Stat. 1190.
Pub. L. 104–197, title I, Sept. 16, 1996, 110 Stat. 2406.
Pub. L. 104–53, title I, Nov. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 529.
Pub. L. 103–283, title I, July 22, 1994, 108 Stat. 1435.
Pub. L. 103–69, title I, Aug. 11, 1993, 107 Stat. 703.
Pub. L. 102–392, title I, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1715.
Pub. L. 102–90, title I, Aug. 14, 1991, 105 Stat. 460.
Pub. L. 101–520, title I, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2269.
Pub. L. 101–163, title I, Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1057.
Pub. L. 100–458, title I, Oct. 1, 1988, 102 Stat. 2171.
Pub. L. 100–202, §101(i) [title I], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–290, 1329–303.
Pub. L. 99–500, §101(j) [H.R. 5203, title I], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–287, and Pub. L. 99–591, | §166. Congressional Research Service | 1994-07-22T00:00:00 | 3cf6e9bdeb9e73d5b561200dac320bdfdaaa4f2483559a8d26036ed9f4ed1ef8 |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §168 | edition; annotations; supplements; decennial editions and supplements
The Librarian of Congress shall have prepared—
(1) a hardbound revised edition of the Constitution of the United States of America—Analysis
and Interpretation, published as Senate Document Numbered 39, Eighty-eighth Congress (referred
to hereinafter as the "Constitution Annotated"), which shall contain annotations of decisions of the
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Supreme Court of the United States through the end of the October 1971 term of the Supreme
Court, construing provisions of the Constitution;
(2) upon the completion of each of the October 1973, October 1975, October 1977, and October
1979 terms of the Supreme Court, a cumulative pocket-part supplement to the hardbound revised
edition of the Constitution Annotated prepared pursuant to clause (1), which shall contain
cumulative annotations of all such decisions rendered by the Supreme Court after the end of the
October 1971 term;
(3) upon the completion of the October 1981 term of the Supreme Court, and upon the
completion of each tenth October term of the Supreme Court thereafter, a hardbound decennial
revised edition of the Constitution Annotated, which shall contain annotations of all decisions
theretofore rendered by the Supreme Court construing provisions of the Constitution; and
(4) upon the completion of the October 1983 term of the Supreme Court, and upon the
completion of each subsequent October term of the Supreme Court beginning in an odd-numbered
year (the final digit of which is not a 1), a cumulative pocket-part supplement to the most recent
hardbound decennial revised edition of the Constitution Annotated, which shall contain
cumulative annotations of all such decisions rendered by the Supreme Court which were not
included in that hardbound decennial revised edition of the Constitution Annotated. | §168. Constitution of the United States; preparation and publication of revised | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | b3aff2ff837cd39bfa3d57342fb5bf7d6ce90e51cf5c6a0e4974a85c76f4fd3c |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §169 | From and after October 1, 1983, not to exceed fifteen positions in the Library of Congress may be
exempt from the provisions of appropriation Acts concerning the employment of aliens during the
current fiscal year, but the Librarian shall not make any appointment to any such position until he
has ascertained that he cannot secure for such appointments a person in any of the categories
specified in such provisions who possesses the special qualifications for the particular position and
also otherwise meets the general requirements for employment in the Library of Congress.
(Pub. L. 98–51, title II, §202, July 14, 1983, 97 Stat. 276.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
PRIOR PROVISIONS
Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in the following prior appropriation acts:
Oct. 2, 1982, Pub. L. 97–276, §101(e) [S. 2939, title II, §202], 96 Stat. 1189.
Oct. 1, 1981, Pub. L. 97–51, §101(c) [H.R. 4120, title II, §202], 95 Stat. 959.
Dec. 16, 1980, Pub. L. 96–536, §101(c) [H.R. 7593, title II, §202], 94 Stat. 3167.
Oct. 12, 1979, Pub. L. 96–86, §101(c) [H.R. 4390, title II, §202], 93 Stat. 657.
Sept. 30, 1978, Pub. L. 95–391, title II, §202, 92 Stat. 785.
Aug. 5, 1977, Pub. L. 95–94, title II, §202, 91 Stat. 677.
Oct. 1, 1976, Pub. L. 94–440, title VIII, §802, 90 Stat. 1457.
July 25, 1975, Pub. L. 94–59, title VII, §702, 89 Stat. 294.
Aug. 13, 1974, Pub. L. 93–371, 88 Stat. 441.
Nov. 1, 1973, Pub. L. 93–145, 87 Stat. 547.
July 10, 1972, Pub. L. 92–342, 86 Stat. 446.
July 9, 1971, Pub. L. 92–51, 85 Stat. 141.
Aug. 18, 1970, Pub. L. 91–382, 84 Stat. 823.
Dec. 12, 1969, Pub. L. 91–145, 83 Stat. 357.
July 23, 1968, Pub. L. 90–417, 82 Stat. 411.
July 28, 1967, Pub. L. 90–57, 81 Stat. 140.
Aug. 27, 1966, Pub. L. 89–545, 80 Stat. 368.
July 27, 1965, Pub. L. 89–90, 79 Stat. 280.
Aug. 20, 1964, Pub. L. 88–454, 78 Stat. 548.
Dec. 30, 1963, Pub. L. 88–248, 77 Stat. 816.
Oct. 2, 1962, Pub. L. 87–730, 76 Stat. 692.
Aug. 10, 1961, Pub. L. 87–130, 75 Stat. 333.
July 12, 1960, Pub. L. 86–628, 74 Stat. 459.
Aug. 21, 1959, Pub. L. 86–176, 73 Stat. 411.
July 31, 1958, Pub. L. 85–570, 72 Stat. 452.
July 1, 1957, Pub. L. 85–75, 71 Stat. 255.
June 27, 1956, ch. 453, 70 Stat. 368.
Aug. 5, 1955, ch. 568, 69 Stat. 518.
July 2, 1954, ch. 455, 68 Stat. 408.
Aug. 1, 1953, ch. 304, 67 Stat. 330.
July 9, 1952, ch. 598, 66 Stat. 476.
Oct. 11, 1951, ch. 485, 65 Stat. 400.
Sept. 6, 1950, ch. 896, Ch. II, 64 Stat. 606.
June 22, 1949, ch. 235, 63 Stat. 228.
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June 14, 1948, ch. 467, 62 Stat. 434.
July 17, 1947, ch. 262, 61 Stat. 374.
July 1, 1946, ch. 530, 60 Stat. 405.
June 13, 1945, ch. 189, 59 Stat. 256.
June 26, 1944, ch. 277, 58 Stat. 351.
June 28, 1943, ch. 173, 57 Stat. 236. | §169. Positions in Library of Congress exempt from citizenship requirement | 1943-06-28T00:00:00 | f4c35bb8b93695b07f1eba559e77570b1f29332f042cc409740b00019eba61f9 |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §170 | (a) Establishment and maintenance in Library of Congress; purpose; determination of
composition, cataloging, indexing and availability by Librarian
The Librarian of Congress (hereinafter referred to as the "Librarian") shall establish and maintain
in the Library of Congress a library to be known as the American Television and Radio Archives
(hereinafter referred to as the "Archives"). The purpose of the Archives shall be to preserve a
permanent record of the television and radio programs which are the heritage of the people of the
United States and to provide access to such programs to historians and scholars without encouraging
or causing copyright infringement.
(1) The Librarian, after consultation with interested organizations and individuals, shall
determine and place in the Archives such copies and phonorecords of television and radio
programs transmitted to the public in the United States and in other countries which are of present
or potential public or cultural interest, historical significance, cognitive value, or otherwise worthy
of preservation, including copies and phonorecords of published and unpublished transmission
programs—
(A) acquired in accordance with sections 407 and 408 of title 17; and
(B) transferred from the existing collections of the Library of Congress; and
(C) given to or exchanged with the Archives by other libraries, archives, organizations, and
individuals; and
(D) purchased from the owner thereof.
(2) The Librarian shall maintain and publish appropriate catalogs and indexes of the collections
of the Archives, and shall make such collections available for study and research under the
conditions prescribed under this section.
(b) Reproduction, compilation, and distribution for research of regularly scheduled newscasts
or on-the-spot coverage of news events by Librarian; promulgation of regulations
Notwithstanding the provisions of section 106 of title 17, the Librarian is authorized with respect
to a transmission program which consists of a regularly scheduled newscast or on-the-spot coverage
of news events and, under standards and conditions that the Librarian shall prescribe by regulation—
(1) to reproduce a fixation of such a program, in the same or another tangible form, for the
purposes of preservation or security or for distribution under the conditions of clause (3) of this
subsection; and
(2) to compile, without abridgment or any other editing, portions of such fixations according to
subject matter, and to reproduce such compilations for the purpose of clause (1) of this subsection;
and
(3) to distribute a reproduction made under clause (1) or (2) of this subsection—
(A) by loan to a person engaged in research; and
(B) for deposit in a library or archives which meets the requirements of section 108(a) of title
17,
in either case for use only in research and not for further reproduction or performance.
(c) Liability for copyright infringement by Librarian or any employee of Librarian
The Librarian or any employee of the Library who is acting under the authority of this section
shall not be liable in any action for copyright infringement committed by any other person unless the
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Librarian or such employee knowingly participated in the act of infringement committed by such
person. Nothing in this section shall be construed to excuse or limit liability under title 17 for any act
not authorized by that title or this section, or for any act performed by a person not authorized to act
under that title or this section.
(d) Short title
This section may be cited as the "American Television and Radio Archives Act".
(Pub. L. 94–553, title I, §113, Oct. 19, 1976, 90 Stat. 2601.)
STATUTORY NOTES AND RELATED SUBSIDIARIES
EFFECTIVE DATE
Section effective Jan. 1, 1978, see section 102 of Pub. L. 94–553, set out as a note preceding section 101 of
Title 17, Copyrights. | §170. American Television and Radio Archives | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | 30a4ca304f8f700faf73e1c1f5495ac8b8fedf1c6fdfab0b6a5e5ada6e3b8b6b |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §171 | Book
The Congress hereby finds and declares—
(1) that the Congress of the United States on April 24, 1800, established for itself a library of
the Congress;
(2) that in 1815, the Congress purchased the personal library of the third President of the United
States which contained materials on every science known to man and described such a collection
as a "substratum of a great national library";
(3) that the Congress of the United States in recognition of the importance of printing and its
impact on America purchased the Gutenberg Bible in 1930 for the Nation for placement in the
Library of Congress;
(4) that the Congress of the United States has through statute and appropriations made this
library accessible to any member of the public;
(5) that this collection of books and other library materials has now become one of the greatest
libraries in civilization;
(6) that the book and the printed word have had the most profound influence on American
civilization and learning and have been the very foundation on which our democratic principles
have survived through our two hundred-year history;
(7) that in the year 1977, the Congress of the United States assembled hereby declares its
reaffirmation of the importance of the printed word and the book and recognizes the importance of
a Center for the Book to the continued study and development of written record as central to our
understanding of ourselves and our world.
It is therefore the purpose of sections 171 to 175 of this title to establish a Center for the Book in
the Library of Congress to provide a program for the investigation of the transmission of human
knowledge and to heighten public interest in the role of books and printing in the diffusion of this
knowledge. | §171. Congressional declaration of findings and purpose as to Center for the | 1800-04-24T00:00:00 | 7a0af03f36eb88ca0fa70623cdf76a1ae685c95026449cb6efccd4e07ac0ef5d |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §172 | As used in sections 171 to 175 of this title—
(1) the term Center means the Center for the Book;
(2) the term Librarian means the Librarian of Congress.
(Pub. L. 95–129, §2, Oct. 13, 1977, 91 Stat. 1151.)
[Release Point 118-70] | §172. Definitions | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | 7d4b4fe89aef8cfe8a4b8f1b66007819b1ed521cac27892db072d90b12055064 |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §173 | There is hereby established in the Library of Congress a Center for the Book.
The Center shall be under the direction of the Librarian of Congress. | §173. Establishment of Center for the Book | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | 6a8e8a713d44f4ce2923559bffe593e3d87cb4ff4532d1acadafe1f22bde4809 |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §174 | The Librarian through the Center shall stimulate public interest and research in the role of the
book in the diffusion of knowledge through such activities as a visiting scholar program
accompanied by lectures, exhibits, publications, and any other related activities. | §174. Function of Center for the Book | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | bb6716abacc6d5b347543be905cd6521e5a6d852c19bb208e4ab45c039b25e33 |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §175 | The Librarian of Congress, in carrying out the Center's functions, is authorized to—
(1) prescribe such regulations as he deems necessary;
(2) receive money and other property donated, bequeathed, or devised for the purposes of the
Center, and to use, sell, or otherwise dispose of such property for the purposes of carrying out the
Center's functions, without reference to Federal disposal statutes; and
(3) accept and utilize the services of voluntary and noncompensated personnel and reimburse
them for travel expenses, including per diem, as authorized by section 5703 of title 5. | §175. Administrative provisions | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | 4041f09a873e6ba1ea9cbe1e3356d9d376b79cc19caba78c9513b9c76b173c6c |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §176 | Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Librarian of Congress shall equip, furnish,
operate, and maintain the Library of Congress Mass Book Deacidification Facility.
(Pub. L. 98–427, §2, Sept. 28, 1984, 98 Stat. 1656.)
STATUTORY NOTES AND RELATED SUBSIDIARIES
AUTHORIZATION TO CONSTRUCT FACILITY
Pub. L. 98–427, §1, Sept. 28, 1984, 98 Stat. 1656, provided: "That the Librarian of Congress is authorized
and directed, subject to the supervision and construction authority of a Federal civilian or military agency, to
construct the Library of Congress Mass Book Deacidification Facility in accordance with the general design
developed by the Library of Congress and reviewed by the Architect of the Capitol, as set forth in the
document entitled 'Library of Congress Mass Book Deacidification Facility, Engineering, Design, and Cost
Estimate and Drawings', dated December 1983. Such facility shall be constructed on Federal property within
seventy-five miles of the United States Capitol Building."
AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATION
Pub. L. 98–427, §3, Sept. 28, 1984, 98 Stat. 1656, provided that: "There are authorized to be appropriated
for fiscal years beginning after September 30, 1983, sums not to exceed $11,500,000 to carry out the
provisions of this Act [enacting this section and a provision set out as a note under this section]." | §176. Mass Book Deacidification Facility; operation by Librarian of Congress | 1983-09-30T00:00:00 | 13bd51b2d98eb4c5f58be8b61b185887010ef99d4d593e5793ef83f785d58cd0 |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §177 | (a) Recognition
The Congress recognizes that the Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress has for some
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time occupied a position of prominence in the life of the Nation, has spoken effectively for literary
causes, and has occasionally performed duties and functions sometimes associated with the position
of poet laureate in other nations and societies. Individuals are appointed to the position of Consultant
in Poetry by the Librarian of Congress for one- or two-year terms solely on the basis of literary
merit, and are compensated from endowment funds administered by the Library of Congress Trust
Fund Board. The Congress further recognizes this position is equivalent to that of Poet Laureate of
the United States.
(b) Position established
(1) There is established in the Library of Congress the position of Poet Laureate Consultant in
Poetry. The Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry shall be appointed by the Librarian of Congress
pursuant to the same procedures of appointment as established on December 20, 1985, for the
Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress.
(2) Each department and office of the Federal Government is encouraged to make use of the
services of the Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry for ceremonial and other occasions of celebration
under such procedures as the Librarian of Congress shall approve designed to assure that
participation under this paragraph does not impair the continuation of the work of the individual
chosen to fill the position of Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry.
(c) Poetry program
(1) The Chairperson of the National Endowment for the Arts, with the advice of the National
Council on the Arts, shall annually sponsor a program at which the Poet Laureate Consultant in
Poetry will present a major work or the work of other distinguished poets.
(2) There are authorized to be appropriated to the National Endowment for the Arts $10,000 for
the fiscal year 1987 and for each succeeding fiscal year ending prior to October 1, 1990, for the
purpose of carrying out this subsection.
(Pub. L. 99–194, title VI, §601, Dec. 20, 1985, 99 Stat. 1347.)
§§178 to 178 . Repealed. Pub. L. 102–307, title II, §214, June 26, 1992, 106 Stat.
l
272
Section 178, Pub. L. 100–446, title I, §1, Sept. 27, 1988, 102 Stat. 1782, related to Congressional findings
on national film preservation.
Section 178a, Pub. L. 100–446, title I, §2, Sept. 27, 1988, 102 Stat. 1782, related to establishment of a
National Film Registry.
Section 178b, Pub. L. 100–446, title I, §3, Sept. 27, 1988, 102 Stat. 1782, related to the duties of Librarian
of Congress with respect to the National Film Registry.
Section 178c, Pub. L. 100–446, title I, §4, Sept. 27, 1988, 102 Stat. 1784, related to film labeling
requirements.
Section 178d, Pub. L. 100–446, title I, §5, Sept. 27, 1988, 102 Stat. 1785, related to misuse of National
Film Registry seal.
Section 178e, Pub. L. 100–446, title I, §6, Sept. 27, 1988, 102 Stat. 1785, related to remedies for film
labeling violations or for misusing the National Film Registry seal.
Section 178f, Pub. L. 100–446, title I, §7, Sept. 27, 1988, 102 Stat. 1785, related to exclusivity of remedies
provided in former section 178e of this title.
Section 178g, Pub. L. 100–446, title I, §8, Sept. 27, 1988, 102 Stat. 1785; Pub. L. 102–378, §5(c), Oct. 2,
1992, 106 Stat. 1358, related to establishment of National Film Preservation Board.
Section 178h, Pub. L. 100–446, title I, §9, Sept. 27, 1988, 102 Stat. 1787, related to staff of National Film
Registry Board and authority of Board to procure services of experts and consultants.
Section 178i, Pub. L. 100–446, title I, §10, Sept. 27, 1988, 102 Stat. 1787, related to powers of National
Film Registry Board.
Section 178j, Pub. L. 100–446, title I, §11, Sept. 27, 1988, 102 Stat. 1787, contained definitions.
Section 178k, Pub. L. 100–446, title I, §12, Sept. 27, 1988, 102 Stat. 1788, authorized appropriations.
Section 178l, Pub. L. 100–446, title I, §13, Sept. 27, 1988, 102 Stat. 1788, provided effective date, sunset,
and savings provisions for former sections 178 to 178l of this title.
[Release Point 118-70]
For similar provisions, see section 179l et seq. of this title.
STATUTORY NOTES AND RELATED SUBSIDIARIES
SHORT TITLE
Pub. L. 100–446, title I, §1, Sept. 27, 1988, 102 Stat. 1782, which provided that sections 178 to 178l of this
title were to be cited as the "National Film Preservation Act of 1988" was repealed by Pub. L. 102–307, title
III, §214, June 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 272.
§§179 to 179k. Repealed. Pub. L. 104–285, title I, §114, Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat.
3382
Section 179, Pub. L. 102–307, title II, §202, June 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 267, required Librarian of Congress to
establish National Film Registry for purpose of maintaining and preserving culturally, historically, or
aesthetically significant films.
Section 179a, Pub. L. 102–307, title II, §203, June 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 267, required Librarian of Congress
to conduct study of film preservation, to establish film preservation program and guidelines and procedures
for inclusion of films in National Film Registry, and to report to Congress on films selected and activities
undertaken.
Section 179b, Pub. L. 102–307, title II, §204, June 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 268, related to establishment of
National Film Preservation Board and provided for number and appointment of members, chairperson, term of
office, quorum, basic pay, meetings, and conflict of interest.
Section 179c, Pub. L. 102–307, title II, §205, June 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 270, related to responsibilities and
powers of Board, including consultation with Librarian with respect to inclusion of films in Registry,
consideration of films nominated for inclusion in Registry, and general powers.
Section 179d, Pub. L. 102–307, title II, §206, June 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 270, related to National Film
Registry Collection of Library of Congress, including provisions relating to acquisition of archival quality
copies and additional materials, ownership of copies and additional materials by United States, and
maintenance of and access to Collection.
Section 179e, Pub. L. 102–307, title II, §207, June 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 271, related to seal of National Film
Registry.
Section 179f, Pub. L. 102–307, title II, §208, June 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 271, provided that district courts of
United States were to have jurisdiction to prevent and restrain unlawful use of seal.
Section 179g, Pub. L. 102–307, title II, §209, June 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 271, provided that remedies provided
in section 179f were to be exclusive.
Section 179h, Pub. L. 102–307, title II, §210, June 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 271, authorized Librarian to appoint
and fix pay of staff and to procure services of experts and consultants.
Section 179i, Pub. L. 102–307, title II, §211, June 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 271, defined terms for purpose of
sections 179 to 179k of this title.
Section 179j, Pub. L. 102–307, title II, §212, June 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 272, authorized to be appropriated to
Librarian necessary sums to carry out sections 179 to 179k of this title.
Section 179k, Pub. L. 102–307, title II, §213, June 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 272, provided that sections 179 to
179k of this title were effective for 4 years beginning June 26, 1992, and applicable to any copy of any film,
including copies of films selected for inclusion in National Film Registry under National Film Preservation
Act of 1988.
For similar provisions, see section 179l et seq. of this title.
STATUTORY NOTES AND RELATED SUBSIDIARIES
SHORT TITLE
Pub. L. 102–307, title II, §201, June 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 267, which provided that title II of Pub. L.
102–307, which enacted sections 179 to 179k of this title and repealed sections 178 to 178l of this title and
provisions set out as a note under section 178 of this title, was to be cited as the "National Film Preservation
Act of 1992", was repealed by Pub. L. 104–285, title I, §114, Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3382.
[Release Point 118-70] | §177. Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry | 1992-06-26T00:00:00 | 41584871ab2789f8ad84097e0a13f7a00b0ab453a86d15302dd22a766210c042 |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §180 | (a) Purpose
The purpose of this section is to reduce the cost of information support for the Congress by
eliminating duplication among systems which provide electronic access by Congress to legislative
information.
(b) "Legislative information" defined
As used in this section, the term "legislative information" means information, prepared within the
legislative branch, consisting of the text of publicly available bills, amendments, committee hearings,
and committee reports, the text of the Congressional Record, data relating to bill status, data relating
to legislative activity, and other similar public information that is directly related to the legislative
process.
(c) Development of single system to serve entire Congress
Pursuant to the plan approved under subsection (d) and consistent with the provisions of any other
law, the Library of Congress or the entity designated by that plan shall develop and maintain, in
coordination with other appropriate entities of the legislative branch, a single legislative information
retrieval system to serve the entire Congress.
(d) Development and approval of plan
The Library shall develop a plan for creation of this system, taking into consideration the findings
and recommendations of the study directed by House Report No. 103–517 to identify and eliminate
redundancies in congressional information systems. This plan must be approved by the Committee
on Rules and Administration of the Senate, the Committee on House Oversight of the House of
Representatives, and the Committees on Appropriations of the Senate and the House of
Representatives. The Library shall provide these committees with regular status reports on the
development of the plan.
(e) Availability of information to public
In formulating its plan, the Library shall examine issues regarding efficient ways to make this
information available to the public. This analysis shall be submitted to the Committees on
Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives as well as the Committee on Rules
and Administration of the Senate, and the Committee on House Oversight of the House of
Representatives for their consideration and possible action.
(Pub. L. 104–53, title II, §209, Nov. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 532.)
STATUTORY NOTES AND RELATED SUBSIDIARIES
CHANGE OF NAME
Committee on House Oversight of House of Representatives changed to Committee on House
Administration of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Jan. 6,
1999. | §180. Legislative information retrieval system | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | b0f3faa14cbd6439b11debce1de93fdd77030125b353d0826b94bb5c85e8045a |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §181 | (a) On September 16, 1996, there shall be established a program for providing the widest possible
exchange of information among legislative branch agencies with the long-range goal of improving
information technology planning and evaluation. The Committee on House Oversight of the House
of Representatives and the Committee on Rules and Administration of the Senate are requested to
determine the structure and operation of this program and to provide appropriate oversight. All of the
appropriate offices and agencies of the legislative branch as defined below shall participate in this
[Release Point 118-70]
program for information exchange, and shall report annually on the extent and nature of their
participation in their budget submissions to the Committee on Appropriations of the House of
Representatives and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate.
(b) As used in this section—
(1) the term "offices and agencies of the legislative branch" means, the office of the Clerk of the
House, the office of the Secretary of the Senate, the office of the Architect of the Capitol, the
Government Accountability Office, the Government Publishing Office, the Library of Congress,
the Congressional Research Service, the Congressional Budget Office, the Chief Administrative
Officer of the House of Representatives, and the Sergeant at Arms of the Senate; and
(2) the term "technology" refers to any form of computer hardware and software;
computer-based systems, services, and support for the creation, processing, exchange, and delivery
of information; and telecommunications systems, and the associated hardware and software, that
provide for voice, data, or image communication.
(Pub. L. 104–197, title III, §314, Sept. 16, 1996, 110 Stat. 2415; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7,
2004, 118 Stat. 814; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(b), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
AMENDMENTS
2004—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General
Accounting Office".
STATUTORY NOTES AND RELATED SUBSIDIARIES
CHANGE OF NAME
Committee on House Oversight of House of Representatives changed to Committee on House
Administration of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Jan. 6,
1999.
"Government Publishing Office" substituted for "Government Printing Office" in subsec. (b)(1) on
authority of section 1301(b) of Pub. L. 113–235, set out as a note preceding section 301 of Title 44, Public
Printing and Documents. | §181. Program for exchange of information among legislative branch agencies | 1996-09-16T00:00:00 | 163e183cbf8ca9c53fbc4ff7cf6b3048be0086a41bbe74264d370d52fac703e2 |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §182 | (a) Establishment
Effective October 1, 1997, there is established in the Treasury of the United States a revolving
fund to be known as the Cooperative Acquisitions Program Revolving Fund (in this section referred
to as the "revolving fund"). Moneys in the revolving fund shall be available to the Librarian of
Congress, without fiscal year limitation, for financing the cooperative acquisitions program (in this
section referred to as the "program") under which the Library acquires foreign publications and
research materials on behalf of participating institutions on a cost-recovery basis. Obligations under
the revolving fund are limited to amounts specified in the appropriations Act for that purpose for any
fiscal year.
(b) Amounts deposited
The revolving fund shall consist of—
(1) any amounts appropriated by law for the purposes of the revolving fund;
(2) any amounts held by the Librarian as of October 1, 1997 or October 7, 1997, whichever is
later, that were collected as payment for the Library's indirect costs of the program; and
(3) the difference between (A) the total value of the supplies, equipment, gift fund balances, and
other assets of the program, and (B) the total value of the liabilities (including unfunded liabilities
such as the value of accrued annual leave of employees) of the program.
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(c) Credits to revolving fund
The revolving fund shall be credited with all advances and amounts received as payment for
purchases under the program and services and supplies furnished to program participants, at rates
estimated by the Librarian to be adequate to recover the full direct and indirect costs of the program
to the Library over a reasonable period of time.
(d) Unobligated balances
Any unobligated and unexpended balances in the revolving fund that the Librarian determines to
be in excess of amounts needed for activities financed by the revolving fund, shall be deposited in
the Treasury of the United States as miscellaneous receipts. Amounts needed for activities financed
by the revolving fund means the direct and indirect costs of the program, including the costs of
purchasing, shipping, binding of books and other library materials; supplies, materials, equipment
and services needed in support of the program; salaries and benefits; general overhead; and travel.
(e) Audit
The revolving fund shall be subject to audit by the Comptroller General at the Comptroller
General's discretion.
(Pub. L. 105–55, title II, §207, Oct. 7, 1997, 111 Stat. 1193; Pub. L. 110–161, div. H, title I, §1403,
Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2247.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
AMENDMENTS
2007—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 110–161 amended heading and text of subsec. (e) generally. Prior to
amendment, text read as follows: "Not later than March 31 of each year, the Librarian of Congress shall
prepare and submit to Congress an audited financial statement for the revolving fund for the preceding fiscal
year. The audit shall be conducted in accordance with Government Auditing Standards for financial audits
issued by the Comptroller General of the United States." | §182. Cooperative Acquisitions Program Revolving Fund | 1997-10-07T00:00:00 | c8cdba626b12e21c198f963a8acc91f98b477245cc7dad73e8da03d8ff4e140f |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §183 | (a) In general
Subject to available funding and in accordance with the requirements of this section and section
183a of this title, the Librarian of Congress shall prepare, print, distribute, and arrange for the
funding of, a new and complete written history of the House of Representatives, in consultation with
the Committee on House Administration. In preparing this written history, the Librarian of Congress
shall consult, commission, or engage the services or participation of, eminent historians, Members,
and former Members of the House of Representatives.
(b) Guidelines
In carrying out subsection (a), the Librarian of Congress shall take into account the following:
(1) The history should be an illustrated, narrative history of the House of Representatives,
organized chronologically.
(2) The history's intended audience is the general reader, as well as Members of Congress and
their staffs.
(3) The history should include a discussion of the First and Second Continental Congresses and
the Constitutional Convention, especially with regard to their roles in creating the House of
Representatives.
(c) Printing
(1) In general
The Librarian of Congress shall arrange for the printing of the history.
(2) Printing arrangements
The printing may be performed—
(A) by the Director of the Government Publishing Office pursuant to the provisions of
chapter 5 of title 44;
(B) under a cooperative arrangement among the Librarian of Congress, a private funding
source obtained pursuant to subsection (e), and a publisher in the private sector; or
(C) under subparagraphs (A) and (B).
(3) Internet dissemination
[Release Point 118-70]
Any arrangement under paragraph (2) shall include terms for dissemination of excerpts of the
history over the Internet via facilities maintained by the United States Government.
(4) Member copies
To the extent that the history is printed by the Director of the Government Publishing Office,
copies of the history provided to the Congress under subsection (d) shall be charged to the
Government Publishing Office's congressional allotment for printing and binding.
(d) Distribution
The Librarian of Congress shall make the history available for sale to the public, and shall make
available, free of charge, 5 copies to each Member of the House of Representatives and 250 copies to
the Senate.
(e) Private funding
The Librarian of Congress shall solicit and accept funding for the preparation, publication,
marketing, and public distribution of the history from private individuals, organizations, or entities.
(Pub. L. 106–99, §2, Nov. 12, 1999, 113 Stat. 1330; Pub. L. 108–7, div. H, title I, §1305, Feb. 20,
2003, 117 Stat. 379; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(b), (d), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
REFERENCES IN TEXT
This section and section 183a of this title, referred to in subsec. (a), was in the original "this Act", meaning
Pub. L. 106–99, which enacted this section and section 183a of this title and provisions set out as a note under
this section. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under this section
and Tables.
AMENDMENTS
2003—Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 108–7 inserted "excerpts of" after "dissemination of".
STATUTORY NOTES AND RELATED SUBSIDIARIES
CHANGE OF NAME
"Director of the Government Publishing Office" substituted for "Public Printer" in subsec. (c)(2)(A), (4) on
authority of section 1301(d) of Pub. L. 113–235, set out as a note under section 301 of Title 44, Public
Printing and Documents.
"Government Publishing Office's" substituted for "Government Printing Office's" in subsec. (c)(4) on
authority of section 1301(b) of Pub. L. 113–235, set out as a note preceding section 301 of Title 44, Public
Printing and Documents.
SHORT TITLE
Pub. L. 106–99, §1, Nov. 12, 1999, 113 Stat. 1330, provided that: "This Act [enacting this section and
section 183a of this title] may be cited as the 'History of the House Awareness and Preservation Act'." | §183. Written history of the House of Representatives | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | a5392f7dd618c0647c028258386da9c096cefd35a155882feded931cef5ff9d7 |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §184 | (a) Short title
This section may be cited as the "Library of Congress Digital Collections and Educational
Curricula Act of 2005".
(b) Program
The Librarian of Congress shall administer a program to teach educators and librarians how to
incorporate the digital collections of the Library of Congress into educational curricula.
(c) Educational consortium
In administering the program under this section, the Librarian of Congress may—
(1) establish an educational consortium to support the program; and
(2) make funds appropriated for the program available to consortium members, educational
institutions, and libraries.
(d) Authorization of appropriations
There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out this section
for fiscal year 2006 and each fiscal year thereafter.
(Pub. L. 109–55, title I, §1306, Aug. 2, 2005, 119 Stat. 583.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
CODIFICATION
Section is from the Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2006. | §184. Incorporation of digital collections into educational curricula | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | 87cf8c09efe6f14f58369bbc4f05f258a684dbbd95eeae4cf1fa06e6cb77f511 |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §185 | (a) Short title
This section may be cited as the "Library of Congress Inspector General Act of 2005".
(b) Office of Inspector General
There is an Office of Inspector General within the Library of Congress which is an independent
objective office to—
(1) conduct and supervise audits and investigations (excluding incidents involving violence and
personal property) relating to the Library of Congress, except that nothing in this paragraph may
be construed to authorize the Inspector General to audit or investigate any operations or activities
of the United States Capitol Police;
(2) provide leadership and coordination and recommend policies to promote economy,
efficiency, and effectiveness; and
(3) provide a means of keeping the Librarian of Congress and the Congress fully and currently
informed about problems and deficiencies relating to the administration and operations of the
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Library of Congress.
(c) Appointment of Inspector General; supervision; removal; pay; limits on bonuses; counsel
(1) Appointment and supervision
(A) In general
There shall be at the head of the Office of Inspector General, an Inspector General who shall
be appointed by the Librarian of Congress without regard to political affiliation and solely on
the basis of integrity and demonstrated ability in accounting, auditing, financial analysis, law,
management analysis, public administration, or investigations. The Inspector General shall
report to, and be under the general supervision of, the Librarian of Congress.
(B) Audits, investigations, and reports
The Librarian of Congress shall have no authority to prevent or prohibit the Inspector General
from—
(i) initiating, carrying out, or completing any audit or investigation;
(ii) issuing any subpoena during the course of any audit or investigation; or
(iii) issuing any report.
(2) Removal or transfer
(A) In general
The Inspector General may be removed from office, or transferred to another position within,
or another location of, the Library of Congress, by the Librarian of Congress.
(B) Notice
Not later than 30 days before the Librarian of Congress removes or transfers the Inspector
General under subparagraph (A), the Librarian of Congress shall communicate in writing the
reason for the removal or transfer to—
(i) the Committee on House Administration and the Committee on Appropriations of the
House of Representatives; and
(ii) the Committee on Rules and Administration and the Committee on Appropriations of
the Senate.
(C) Applicability
Nothing in this paragraph shall prohibit a personnel action (except for removal or transfer)
that is otherwise authorized by law.
(3) Pay
(A) In general
The position of Inspector General shall—
(i) be classified as a position above GS–15 in accordance with section 5108 of title 5; and
(ii) have a rate of basic pay that is not less than the average rate of basic pay of all other
employees in positions classified as above GS–15 of the Library of Congress calculated on an
annual basis.
(B) Adjustments
The Librarian of Congress shall establish the amount of the annual adjustment in the rate of
basic pay for the Inspector General in an amount equal to the average of the annual adjustments
in the rate of basic pay provided to all other employees in positions classified as above GS–15
of the Library of Congress, in a manner consistent with section 5376 of title 5.
(4) No bonuses
The Inspector General may not receive any cash award or cash bonus, including a cash award
under chapter 45 of title 5.
(5) Counsel
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The Inspector General shall, in accordance with applicable laws and regulations governing
selections, appointments, and employment at the Library of Congress, obtain legal advice from a
counsel reporting directly to the Inspector General or another Inspector General.
(d) Duties, responsibilities, authority, and reports
(1) In general
Sections 404, 405 (other than subsection (b)(13)), 406(a) (other than paragraphs (7) and (8)
thereof), and 407 of title 5 shall apply to the Inspector General of the Library of Congress and the
1
Office of such Inspector General and such sections shall be applied to the Library of Congress and
the Librarian of Congress by substituting—
(A) "Library of Congress" for "establishment"; and
(B) "Librarian of Congress" for "head of the establishment".
(2) Employees
(A) In general
The Inspector General, in carrying out the provisions of this section, is authorized, without
the supervision or approval of any other employee, office, or other entity within the Library of
Congress, to select, appoint, and employ such officers and employees (including consultants) as
may be necessary for carrying out the functions, powers, and duties of the Office of Inspector
General subject to the provisions of law governing selections, appointments, and employment in
the Library of Congress.
(B) Security and suitability
Appointments under the authority under subparagraph (A) shall be made consistent with
personnel security and suitability requirements.
(C) Consultants
Any appointment of a consultant under the authority under subparagraph (A) shall be made
consistent with section 6(a)(8) of the Inspector General Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App.).1
(3) Law enforcement authority
(A) In general
Subject to subparagraph (B), any supervisory special agent under the Inspector General and
any special agent supervised by such a supervisory special agent is authorized to—
(i) make an arrest without a warrant while engaged in official duties as authorized under
this section or any other statute for any offense against the United States committed in the
presence of such supervisory special agent or special agent, or for any felony cognizable
under the laws of the United States if such supervisory special agent or special agent has
reasonable grounds to believe that the person to be arrested has committed or is committing
such felony;
(ii) seek and execute warrants for arrest, search of a premises, or seizure of evidence issued
under the authority of the United States upon probable cause to believe that a violation has
been committed; and
(iii) carry a firearm while engaged in official duties as authorized under this section or any
other statute.
(B) Requirements to exercise authority
(i) Required certification
(I) In general
In order to exercise the authority under subparagraph (A), a supervisory special agent or
a special agent supervised by such a supervisory special agent shall certify that he or she—
(aa) is a citizen of the United States;
(bb) has successfully completed a basic law enforcement training program or military
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or other equivalent; and
(cc) is not prohibited from receiving a firearm under Federal law, including under
section 922(g)(9) of title 18, because of a conviction of a misdemeanor crime of
domestic violence.
(II) Additional requirements
After providing notice to the appropriate committees of Congress, the Inspector General
may add requirements to the certification required under subclause (I), as determined
appropriate by the Inspector General.
(ii) Maintenance of requirements
The Inspector General shall maintain firearms-related requirements (including quarterly
firearms qualifications) and use of force training requirements that, except to the extent the
Inspector General determines necessary to effectively carry out the duties of the Office of the
Inspector General, are in accordance with the Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity
and Efficiency use of force policies, which incorporate Department of Justice guidelines.
(iii) Eligibility determination
(I) In general
The Inspector General shall—
(aa) determine whether an individual meets the requirements under this paragraph;
and
(bb) revoke any authority granted to an individual under subparagraph (A) if the
individual is not in compliance with the requirements of this paragraph.
(II) Reauthorization
The Inspector General may reauthorize an individual to exercise the authority granted
under subparagraph (A) if the Inspector General determines the individual has achieved
compliance with the requirements under this paragraph.
(III) Limitation on appeal
A revocation of the authority granted under subparagraph (A) shall not be subject to
administrative, judicial, or other review, unless the revocation results in an adverse action.
Such an adverse action may, at the election of the applicable individual, be reviewed in
accordance with the otherwise applicable procedures.
(C) Semiannual certification of program
(i) In general
Before the first grant of authority under subparagraph (A), and semiannually thereafter as
part of the report under section 5 of the Inspector General Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App.), the
1
Inspector General shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a written
certification that adequate internal safeguards and management procedures exist that, except
to the extent the Inspector General determines necessary to effectively carry out the duties of
the Office of the Inspector General, are in compliance with standards established by the
Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency, which incorporate Department
of Justice guidelines, to ensure proper exercise of the powers authorized under this paragraph.
(ii) Suspension of authority
The authority granted under this paragraph (including any grant of authority to an
individual under subparagraph (A), without regard to whether the individual is in compliance
with subparagraph (B)) may be suspended by the Inspector General if the Office of Inspector
General fails to comply with the reporting and review requirements under clause (i) of this
subparagraph or subparagraph (D). Any suspension of authority under this clause shall be
reported to the appropriate committees of Congress.
(D) Peer review
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To ensure the proper exercise of the law enforcement powers authorized under this
paragraph, the Office of Inspector General shall submit to and participate in the external review
process established by the Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency for
ensuring that adequate internal safeguards and management procedures continue to exist. Under
the review process, the exercise of the law enforcement powers by the Office of Inspector
General shall be reviewed periodically by another Office of Inspector General or by a
committee of Inspectors General. The results of each review shall be communicated in writing
to the Inspector General, the Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency, and
the appropriate committees of Congress.
(E) Alleged misconduct
Any allegation of misconduct by an individual granted authority under subparagraph (A) may
be reviewed by the Integrity Committee of the Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity
and Efficiency.
(F) Appropriate committees of Congress
In this paragraph, the term "appropriate committees of Congress" means—
(i) the Committee on Rules and Administration and the Committee on Appropriations of
the Senate; and
(ii) the Committee on House Administration and the Committee on Appropriations of the
House of Representatives.
(4) Budget independence
The Librarian of Congress shall include the annual budget request of the Inspector General in
the budget of the Library of Congress without change.
(e) Transfers
All functions, personnel, and budget resources of the Office of Investigations of the Library of
Congress are transferred to the Office of Inspector General.
(f) Incumbent
The individual who serves in the position of Inspector General of the Library of Congress on
August 2, 2005, shall continue to serve in that position, subject to removal in accordance with this
section.
(g) References
References in any other Federal law, Executive order, rule, regulation, or delegation of authority,
or any document of or relating to the Inspector General of the Library of Congress shall be deemed
to refer to the Inspector General of the Library of Congress as set forth under this section.
(h) Effective date
This section shall be effective on August 2, 2005.
(Pub. L. 109–55, title I, §1307, Aug. 2, 2005, 119 Stat. 583; Pub. L. 110–161, div. H, title I, | §185. Inspector General of the Library of Congress | 2005-08-02T00:00:00 | 07c81b5e00dd31657021065334dd585e17af11287f9b5c1fa287cac9361af497 |
US House of Representatives | 2, 5, §186 | [Release Point 118-70]
Fees of witnesses in District of Columbia.
195.
Omitted.
194b.
Request by Congressional committees to officers or employees of Federal departments,
agencies, etc., concerned with foreign countries or multilateral organizations for
expression of views and opinions.
194a.
Certification of failure to testify or produce; grand jury action.
194.
Privilege of witnesses.
193.
Refusal of witness to testify or produce papers.
192.
Oaths to witnesses.
191.
Subpoena for taking testimony; compensation of officers and witnesses; return of
depositions.
190m.
Private claims pending before Congress; taking of testimony.
190l.
190h to 190k. Repealed.
Nonconsideration of certain private bills and resolutions.
190g.
General appropriation bills.
190f.
Repealed.
190e.
Legislative review by standing committees of the Senate and the House of
Representatives.
190d.
190 to 190c. Repealed.
Sec.
(a) Contract modifications
An order issued under a task order contract or a delivery order contract (as such terms are defined
in section 4101 of title 41) entered into by the Librarian of Congress may not increase the scope,
period, or maximum value of the contract under which the order is issued. The scope, period, or
maximum value of the contract may be increased only by modification of the contract.
(b) Omitted
(c) Protests
(1) Protest not authorized
A protest to an order described in subsection (a) filed pursuant to the procedures in subchapter
V of chapter 35 of title 31 is not authorized unless such protest—
(A) is an objection on the basis that the order is in violation of subsection (a); or
(B) concerns an order valued in excess of $10,000,000.
(2) Jurisdiction over protests
Notwithstanding section 3556 of title 31, the Comptroller General shall have exclusive
jurisdiction of a protest authorized under paragraph (1)(B).
(d) Effective date
This section and the amendment made by this section shall apply with respect to fiscal year 2022
and each succeeding fiscal year.
(Pub. L. 117–103, div. I, title I, §142, Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 519.)
EDITORIAL NOTES
CODIFICATION
Section is comprised of section 142 of div. I of Pub. L. 117–103. Subsec. (b) of section 142 of div. I of Pub.
L. 117–103 amended section 6102 of Title 41, Public Contracts. | §186. Library of Congress orders under task and delivery order contracts | 2024-07-12T00:00:00 | be4464fee4d906eae010743a78261ef0c61efd95908c9ddc197d4bc3a0c54301 |