text: The interplay of DAMPs TLR4 and proinflammatory cytokines in pulmonary fibrosis Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic debilitating condition characterized by progressive deposition of connective tissue leading to a steady restriction of lung elasticity a decline in lung function and a median survival of 4 5 years The leading causes of pulmonary fibrosis are inhalation of foreign particles such as silicosis and pneumoconiosis infections such as post COVID 19 autoimmune diseases such as systemic autoimmune diseases of the connective tissue and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis The therapeutics currently available for pulmonary fibrosis only modestly slow the progression of the disease This review is centered on the interplay of damage associated molecular pattern DAMP molecules Toll like receptor 4 TLR4 and inflammatory cytokines such as TNF α IL 1β and IL 17 as they contribute to the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and the possible avenues to develop effective therapeutics that disrupt this interplay 