Datasets:

justram

/

sections

like 0

projected-23570498-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williams%20Lake%20%28Goffs%29

Williams Lake (Goffs)

See also

Williams Lake, Goffs is a lake of Halifax Regional Municipality, in Goffs, Nova Scotia, Canada.

List of lakes in Nova Scotia

projected-23570498-002

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williams%20Lake%20%28Goffs%29

Williams Lake (Goffs)

References

Williams Lake, Goffs is a lake of Halifax Regional Municipality, in Goffs, Nova Scotia, Canada.

National Resources Canada Category:Lakes of Nova Scotia

projected-23570499-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williams%20Lake%20%28Jeddore%29

Williams Lake (Jeddore)

Introduction

Williams Lake, Jeddore is a lake of Halifax Regional Municipality in Jeddore, Nova Scotia, Canada.

projected-23570499-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williams%20Lake%20%28Jeddore%29

Williams Lake (Jeddore)

See also

Williams Lake, Jeddore is a lake of Halifax Regional Municipality in Jeddore, Nova Scotia, Canada.

List of lakes in Nova Scotia

projected-23570499-002

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williams%20Lake%20%28Jeddore%29

Williams Lake (Jeddore)

References

Williams Lake, Jeddore is a lake of Halifax Regional Municipality in Jeddore, Nova Scotia, Canada.

National Resources Canada Category:Lakes of Nova Scotia

projected-23570501-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willis%20Lake%20%28Waverley%29

Willis Lake (Waverley)

Introduction

Willis Lake Waverley is a lake of Halifax Regional Municipality in Waverley, Nova Scotia, Canada.

projected-23570501-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willis%20Lake%20%28Waverley%29

Willis Lake (Waverley)

See also

Willis Lake Waverley is a lake of Halifax Regional Municipality in Waverley, Nova Scotia, Canada.

List of lakes in Nova Scotia

projected-23570501-002

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willis%20Lake%20%28Waverley%29

Willis Lake (Waverley)

References

Willis Lake Waverley is a lake of Halifax Regional Municipality in Waverley, Nova Scotia, Canada.

National Resources Canada Category:Lakes of Nova Scotia

projected-17325234-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirill%20Yevstigneyev

Kirill Yevstigneyev

Introduction

Kirill Alekseyevich Yevstigneyev (; – 29 August 1996) was a Soviet fighter pilot and one of the top Soviet aces of World War II. During his career he claimed 53 solo and 3 shared aerial victories flying the Lavochkin La-5 and La-7 fighters.

projected-17325234-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirill%20Yevstigneyev

Kirill Yevstigneyev

Early life

Kirill Alekseyevich Yevstigneyev (; – 29 August 1996) was a Soviet fighter pilot and one of the top Soviet aces of World War II. During his career he claimed 53 solo and 3 shared aerial victories flying the Lavochkin La-5 and La-7 fighters.

Yevstigneyev was born into a Russian peasant family on in the village of Khokhly, Chelyabinsky Uyezd, Orenburg Governorate, in what is now the Shumikhinsky District of Kurgan Oblast, in Russia's trans-Urals. He completed seven grades of schooling in 1935 before moving on to vocational school. He trained as a fitter-turner and upon graduation in 1936 moved to work at the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant, where he joined the local aeroclub which he graduated from in 1938.

projected-17325234-002

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirill%20Yevstigneyev

Kirill Yevstigneyev

Early military career

Kirill Alekseyevich Yevstigneyev (; – 29 August 1996) was a Soviet fighter pilot and one of the top Soviet aces of World War II. During his career he claimed 53 solo and 3 shared aerial victories flying the Lavochkin La-5 and La-7 fighters.

In September 1938 Yevstigneyev entered the Red Army. After completing initial training in 1939, he was stationed at a base in the Russian Far East until April 1940. In January 1941, he graduated from the Birm Military School of Pilots in the Amur region, after which he became a flight instructor on the I-16. In late October 1942 he was reassigned to Moscow to become acquainted with foreign-made fighters. While in Moscow, he and fellow sergeant Ivan Kozhedub came to the attention of I. S. Soldatenko, the commander of the 240th Fighter Aviation Regiment. Soldatenko selected them for his regiment in November, and by March 1943 they were deployed to the front.

projected-17325234-003

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirill%20Yevstigneyev

Kirill Yevstigneyev

World War II combat service

Kirill Alekseyevich Yevstigneyev (; – 29 August 1996) was a Soviet fighter pilot and one of the top Soviet aces of World War II. During his career he claimed 53 solo and 3 shared aerial victories flying the Lavochkin La-5 and La-7 fighters.

On 28 March 1943, during his first dogfight, near the village of Urazovo in the Belgorod province, he shot down a Messerschmitt Bf 109 and gained shared shootdown of a Junkers Ju 88 after engaging a group of nine Ju 88. On 5 August 1943, flying a close air-support sortie on the approach to Belgorod, Yestigneyev was shot down by friendly fire. After barely managing to parachute out of his burning plane he had to be taken to a field hospital due to the extent of wounds in both his feet. There he had to repeatedly dissuade surgeons from amputating his left foot, but ended up escaping after nine days and traveling 35 km to the nearest airfield on crutches. He found his way back to his airfield to finish his recovery there. Not long after being wounded and still on crutches, he flew his next combat sortie. That month he was appointed commander of the second squadron, and gained his tenth solo victory on 16 August 1943. Between March and November 1943, he completed 144 combat sorties, gaining 23 solo and three shared victories, for which he was nominated for the title Hero of the Soviet Union. He received it on the 2nd of August, 1944. He was again awarded title on 23 February 1945 while he was a captain and squadron commander. In July 1944, the 240th Fighter Regiment was honored with the guards designation and renamed to the 178th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment. Yevstigneyev scored his last aerial victory on 26 March 1945 when he shot down an Fw 190 over Budapest. At the end of the war he was a Major; over the course of the war, he flew 283 combat missions, engaged in 119 dogfights, and gained 53 solo and three shared aerial victories. He flew in a variety of major battles including the ones for a Kursk, Kharkov, Belgorod, the Dnieper, Dresden, Budapest, Vienna, Bratislava, and Prague.

projected-17325234-004

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirill%20Yevstigneyev

Kirill Yevstigneyev

Postwar

Kirill Alekseyevich Yevstigneyev (; – 29 August 1996) was a Soviet fighter pilot and one of the top Soviet aces of World War II. During his career he claimed 53 solo and 3 shared aerial victories flying the Lavochkin La-5 and La-7 fighters.

In 1949 he finished several Tactical Aviation Courses, and by 1955 served at the Military Aviation Academy. By 1960 he was on the Military Academy of General Staff. He then became Major General of aviation in 1966, from 1972 he served in the reserve. After retirement he lived in Moscow, where he died on 29 August 1996. He is buried at the Kuntsevskoe cemetery in Moscow. A bronze bust of him stands in Shumikha, Kurgan province, near the village of his birth.

projected-17325234-005

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirill%20Yevstigneyev

Kirill Yevstigneyev

Awards and decorations

Kirill Alekseyevich Yevstigneyev (; – 29 August 1996) was a Soviet fighter pilot and one of the top Soviet aces of World War II. During his career he claimed 53 solo and 3 shared aerial victories flying the Lavochkin La-5 and La-7 fighters.

Twice Hero of the Soviet Union (2 August 1944 and 23 February 1945) Order of Lenin (2 August 1944) Four Order of the Red Banner (11 October 1943, 26 October 1943, 22 February 1945, and 22 February 1968) Order of Suvorov 3rd class (2 October 1943) Order of the Patriotic War 1st class (11 March 1985) Order of the Patriotic War 2nd class (30 April 1943) Order of the Red Star (3 November 1953) Order of the British Empire (1943) campaign and commemorative medals

projected-17325234-007

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirill%20Yevstigneyev

Kirill Yevstigneyev

Bibliography

Kirill Alekseyevich Yevstigneyev (; – 29 August 1996) was a Soviet fighter pilot and one of the top Soviet aces of World War II. During his career he claimed 53 solo and 3 shared aerial victories flying the Lavochkin La-5 and La-7 fighters.

Category:1917 births Category:1996 deaths Category:People from Kurgan Oblast Category:People from Chelyabinsky Uyezd Category:Communist Party of the Soviet Union members Category:Soviet major generals Category:Soviet Air Force generals Category:Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union alumni Category:Soviet World War II flying aces Category:Heroes of the Soviet Union Category:Recipients of the Order of Lenin Category:Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner Category:Recipients of the Order of Suvorov, 3rd class Category:Members of the Order of the British Empire Category:Burials at Kuntsevo Cemetery

projected-17325239-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1904%E2%80%9305%20Southern%20Football%20League

1904–05 Southern Football League

Introduction

The 1904–05 season was the 11th in the history of Southern League. Bristol Rovers won Division One for the first time and Fulham reserves finished top of Division Two. Division Two club Clapton Orient were the only Southern League club to apply for election to the Football League, and were successful after a decision was made to expand the League to 40 clubs.

projected-17325239-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1904%E2%80%9305%20Southern%20Football%20League

1904–05 Southern Football League

Division One

The 1904–05 season was the 11th in the history of Southern League. Bristol Rovers won Division One for the first time and Fulham reserves finished top of Division Two. Division Two club Clapton Orient were the only Southern League club to apply for election to the Football League, and were successful after a decision was made to expand the League to 40 clubs.

A total of 18 teams contest the division, including 17 sides from previous season and one new team. Watford returned to Division after one season of absence. Teams promoted from Division Two: Watford

projected-17325239-002

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1904%E2%80%9305%20Southern%20Football%20League

1904–05 Southern Football League

Division Two

The 1904–05 season was the 11th in the history of Southern League. Bristol Rovers won Division One for the first time and Fulham reserves finished top of Division Two. Division Two club Clapton Orient were the only Southern League club to apply for election to the Football League, and were successful after a decision was made to expand the League to 40 clubs.

A total of 12 teams contest the division, including 8 sides from previous season and four new teams, three of which were reserve teams. Newly elected teams: Clapton Orient Brighton & Hove Albion II Watford II West Ham United II,

projected-17325239-003

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1904%E2%80%9305%20Southern%20Football%20League

1904–05 Southern Football League

Football League elections

The 1904–05 season was the 11th in the history of Southern League. Bristol Rovers won Division One for the first time and Fulham reserves finished top of Division Two. Division Two club Clapton Orient were the only Southern League club to apply for election to the Football League, and were successful after a decision was made to expand the League to 40 clubs.

Only one Southern League club, Clapton Orient of Division Two, applied for election to Division Two of the Football League. Although they were not elected in the first round, it was later agreed to expand the Football League from 36 to 40 clubs and all the unsuccessful candidates except Doncaster Rovers were elected. * Chelsea had played no games, nor had any players when they were elected. Hull City had been formed in 1904, but had only played friendly matches during the 1904–05 season.

projected-20461759-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/35th%20Parachute%20Artillery%20Regiment

35th Parachute Artillery Regiment

Introduction

The 35th Parachute Artillery Regiment () is the only airborne artillery unit of the French Army forming the air artillery component of the 11th Parachute Brigade. It is based in Tarbes together with the air cavalry, the 1st Parachute Hussar Regiment.

projected-20461759-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/35th%20Parachute%20Artillery%20Regiment

35th Parachute Artillery Regiment

History

The 35th Parachute Artillery Regiment () is the only airborne artillery unit of the French Army forming the air artillery component of the 11th Parachute Brigade. It is based in Tarbes together with the air cavalry, the 1st Parachute Hussar Regiment.

The 35th Artillery Regiment () was created on 7 October 1873 in Vannes and counted 9 artillery batteries equipped with 75mm cannons. The regiment was first commanded by Colonel Ferdinand Foch from 1903 to 1905; the Supreme Allied Commander on the Western Front with title bearing Généralissime (British Field Marshal, 22nd Royal First Honorary Colonel and Marshal of Poland following the war) during World War I.

projected-20461759-002

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/35th%20Parachute%20Artillery%20Regiment

35th Parachute Artillery Regiment

World War I (1914–1918)

The 35th Parachute Artillery Regiment () is the only airborne artillery unit of the French Army forming the air artillery component of the 11th Parachute Brigade. It is based in Tarbes together with the air cavalry, the 1st Parachute Hussar Regiment.

The regiment fought in World War I in a series of battles, receiving four citations at the orders of the armed forces. The regiment played an active role during the First Battle of the Marne. For the 35th Artillery Regiment 35e R.A, combat battles included corps-à-corps with artillerymen defending their equipment straight down to the bayonets and for which the regiment was cited at the orders of the armed forces. In 1915, the regiment took part in the Offensive of Champagne and was seen appropriated with a citation at the orders of the armed forces. On March 30, 1916, the 35th Artillery Regiment 35e R.A engaged in the Battle of Verdun for four weeks and then made way to the Battle of the Somme during the same year. In 1917, the regiment took part in numerous battles at Chemin des Dames including the Battle of La Malmaison on October 23, 1917. On March 31, 1918, the 35th Artillery Regiment 35e R.A. was found again mounting charges around artillery equipments down to the bayonets similarly to the early worst hours of 1914. For this occasion the regiment was awarded the Fourragere with colors of the Croix de guerre 1914–1918. Some of the worst hours for the regiment were endured on May 27, following which a reorganization took place 2 month later. Accordingly, the regiment participated to the final combats of the conflict. In September, the regiment supported the assault on Souin. In October, the regiment shouldered the offensive on Somme-Py. In 1919 and with five citations at the orders of the armed forces for acts of valor, the regiment received the privilege on February 17 to bear wearing the Fourragere with ribbon colors of the Médaille militaire.

projected-20461759-003

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/35th%20Parachute%20Artillery%20Regiment

35th Parachute Artillery Regiment

World War II (1939–1945)

The 35th Parachute Artillery Regiment () is the only airborne artillery unit of the French Army forming the air artillery component of the 11th Parachute Brigade. It is based in Tarbes together with the air cavalry, the 1st Parachute Hussar Regiment.

During the Battle of France in 1940, two-thirds of the regiment was destroyed while covering the Dunkirk evacuation of Allied troops. The regiment was dissolved after the invasion of 1942. At the end of the conflict, airborne artillery set foot on ground based on U.S. American models. The 20th Parachute Artillery Regiment 20e RAP, was constituted from batteries of the 20th Artillery Regiment 20e R.A and 11th Artillery Regiment 11e R.A respectively. On November 1 of 1946, the 20e RAP, was dissolved and formed two new regiments designated as the 5th Parachute Artillery Regiment 5e RAP and 6th Parachute Artillery Regiment 6e RAP. The three R.A.Ps included batteries equipped with diverse materials (wheeled cannon type 75mm, British 88mm, the U.S. cannon type 37mm anti-tank and the U.S. cannon type 75mmm) along with other anti-aircraft type equipments. Accordingly, the three Parachute Artillery Regiments R.A.Ps where designated as Airborne Artillery Campaign Regiment (). On May 1, 1947, was then created through a regimental organization at Tarbes, the 35th Parachute Light Artillery Regiment () from the I/35e R.A. With the newly latest formation of parachute artillery regiments, the 35th Parachute Artillery Regiment became quickly a unique type of regiment. The R.A.Ps of North Africa were dissolved in 1948 and 1949. In 1951, the regiment was equipped with several U.S. American equipment type 75 M1.A1, 75 S.R (no recoil) and the 105 HM2 series.

projected-20461759-004

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/35th%20Parachute%20Artillery%20Regiment

35th Parachute Artillery Regiment

Indochina War (1946–1954)

The 35th Parachute Artillery Regiment () is the only airborne artillery unit of the French Army forming the air artillery component of the 11th Parachute Brigade. It is based in Tarbes together with the air cavalry, the 1st Parachute Hussar Regiment.

The regiment fought in the First Indochina War at Dien Bien Phu within Operation Castor.

projected-20461759-005

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/35th%20Parachute%20Artillery%20Regiment

35th Parachute Artillery Regiment

Algerian War (1954–1962)

The 35th Parachute Artillery Regiment () is the only airborne artillery unit of the French Army forming the air artillery component of the 11th Parachute Brigade. It is based in Tarbes together with the air cavalry, the 1st Parachute Hussar Regiment.

The regiment fought during the Algerian War. With the end of the Algerian War, the regiment was repatriated to France and became part of the 11th Parachute Division.

projected-20461759-006

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/35th%20Parachute%20Artillery%20Regiment

35th Parachute Artillery Regiment

Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990)

The 35th Parachute Artillery Regiment () is the only airborne artillery unit of the French Army forming the air artillery component of the 11th Parachute Brigade. It is based in Tarbes together with the air cavalry, the 1st Parachute Hussar Regiment.

The regiment partook in various peacekeeping missions in Lebanon on numerous yearly designated occasions, also and mainly within the ranks of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon, present in ground operations since 1978. From 1983 to 1984, the regiment integrated the corps of the Multinational Force in Lebanon.

projected-20461759-007

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/35th%20Parachute%20Artillery%20Regiment

35th Parachute Artillery Regiment

Chad (1982–1990)

The 35th Parachute Artillery Regiment () is the only airborne artillery unit of the French Army forming the air artillery component of the 11th Parachute Brigade. It is based in Tarbes together with the air cavalry, the 1st Parachute Hussar Regiment.

The regiment made an unsuccessful fire of FIM-92 Stinger during a Libyan bombardment on 10 September 19873, and on 7 July 1988 shot down a C-130 Hercules transport plane of unknown nationality in Faya-Largeau.

projected-20461759-008

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/35th%20Parachute%20Artillery%20Regiment

35th Parachute Artillery Regiment

Gulf War (1990–1991)

The 35th Parachute Artillery Regiment () is the only airborne artillery unit of the French Army forming the air artillery component of the 11th Parachute Brigade. It is based in Tarbes together with the air cavalry, the 1st Parachute Hussar Regiment.

The regiment was engaged in the Gulf War in 1991 part of Opération Daguet.

projected-20461759-009

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/35th%20Parachute%20Artillery%20Regiment

35th Parachute Artillery Regiment

Foreign operations (1991–2001)

The 35th Parachute Artillery Regiment () is the only airborne artillery unit of the French Army forming the air artillery component of the 11th Parachute Brigade. It is based in Tarbes together with the air cavalry, the 1st Parachute Hussar Regiment.

The regiment has been present around the world in Djibouti, Lebanon, Tchad, Central Africa, Gabon, Ex-Yugoslavia, Kurdistan, while also having participated in various humanitarian missions, including, Rwanda part of Opération Turquoise.

projected-20461759-010

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/35th%20Parachute%20Artillery%20Regiment

35th Parachute Artillery Regiment

Global War on Terror (2001-present)

The 35th Parachute Artillery Regiment () is the only airborne artillery unit of the French Army forming the air artillery component of the 11th Parachute Brigade. It is based in Tarbes together with the air cavalry, the 1st Parachute Hussar Regiment.

The regiment has been spearheading air artillery in combat, combat support, peacekeeping and multipurposed facade mission operations throughout the globe with the ongoing War on Terror, mainly on all exterior theatres of operations where the French Armed Forces are engaged in along the five continents and oceanic surroundings.

projected-20461759-011

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/35th%20Parachute%20Artillery%20Regiment

35th Parachute Artillery Regiment

Organization

The 35th Parachute Artillery Regiment () is the only airborne artillery unit of the French Army forming the air artillery component of the 11th Parachute Brigade. It is based in Tarbes together with the air cavalry, the 1st Parachute Hussar Regiment.

1 Command and Logistics Air Artillery Battery 1 Renseignement Air Artillery Battery 3 Ground-to-Ground Air Artillery Batteries 1 Gournd-to-Air Air Artillery Battery 1 Reserve Air Artillery Battery

projected-20461759-012

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/35th%20Parachute%20Artillery%20Regiment

35th Parachute Artillery Regiment

Traditions

The 35th Parachute Artillery Regiment () is the only airborne artillery unit of the French Army forming the air artillery component of the 11th Parachute Brigade. It is based in Tarbes together with the air cavalry, the 1st Parachute Hussar Regiment.

Except for the Legionnaires of the 1er REG, 2e REG, 2e REP that conserve the Green Beret; the remainder of the French army metropolitan and marine paratroopers forming the 11th Parachute Brigade wear the Red Beret. The Archangel Saint Michael, patron of the French paratroopers is celebrated on September 29. The prière du Para (Prayer of the Paratrooper) was written by André Zirnheld in 1938.

projected-20461759-013

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/35th%20Parachute%20Artillery%20Regiment

35th Parachute Artillery Regiment

Insignias

The 35th Parachute Artillery Regiment () is the only airborne artillery unit of the French Army forming the air artillery component of the 11th Parachute Brigade. It is based in Tarbes together with the air cavalry, the 1st Parachute Hussar Regiment.

Just like the paratrooper Brevet of the French Army; the Insignia of French Paratroopers was created in 1946. The French Army Insignia of metropolitan Paratroopers represents a closed "winged armed dextrochere", meaning a "right winged arm" armed with a sword pointing upwards. The Insignia makes reference to the Patron of Paratroopers. In fact, the Insignia represents "the right Arm of Saint Michael", the Archangel which according to Liturgy is the "Armed Arm of God". This Insignia is the symbol of righteous combat and fidelity to superior missions.

projected-20461759-015

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/35th%20Parachute%20Artillery%20Regiment

35th Parachute Artillery Regiment

Decorations

The 35th Parachute Artillery Regiment () is the only airborne artillery unit of the French Army forming the air artillery component of the 11th Parachute Brigade. It is based in Tarbes together with the air cavalry, the 1st Parachute Hussar Regiment.

The regimental colors are decorated with: Croix de guerre 1914–1918 with 4 palms cited at the orders of the armed forces. Cross for Military Valour with 1 palm: On May 21, 2012; the regiment was cited for intervention in Afghanistan within the corps of the International Security Assistance Force (I.S.A.F). The regiment wears the Fourragere with ribbon colors of the Médaille militaire.

projected-20461759-017

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/35th%20Parachute%20Artillery%20Regiment

35th Parachute Artillery Regiment

Battle Honours

The 35th Parachute Artillery Regiment () is the only airborne artillery unit of the French Army forming the air artillery component of the 11th Parachute Brigade. It is based in Tarbes together with the air cavalry, the 1st Parachute Hussar Regiment.

Saint-Gond 1914 Champagne 1915 La Malmaison 1917 Noyon 1918 Somme-Py 1918 AFN 1952–1962

projected-20461759-020

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/35th%20Parachute%20Artillery%20Regiment

35th Parachute Artillery Regiment

See also

The 35th Parachute Artillery Regiment () is the only airborne artillery unit of the French Army forming the air artillery component of the 11th Parachute Brigade. It is based in Tarbes together with the air cavalry, the 1st Parachute Hussar Regiment.

List of French paratrooper units 5th Airborne Artillery Campaign Regiment Jean de Lattre de Tassigny 1st Foreign Parachute Heavy Mortar Company

projected-20461759-021

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/35th%20Parachute%20Artillery%20Regiment

35th Parachute Artillery Regiment

References

The 35th Parachute Artillery Regiment () is the only airborne artillery unit of the French Army forming the air artillery component of the 11th Parachute Brigade. It is based in Tarbes together with the air cavalry, the 1st Parachute Hussar Regiment.

Category:Parachute regiments of France Category:Artillery regiments of France Category:Military units and formations established in 1873 Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1942 Category:Military units and formations established in 1947

projected-17325258-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bede%20Wing

Bede Wing

Introduction

The Bede Wing was an inflated hang glider, designed in the 1970s by aeronautical engineer Jim Bede. Intended as a safer alternative to conventional hang gliders, it resembled an early ram-air parachute, but instead was an inflatable structure, that could be filled with air for gliding, or with helium to act as a gas balloon. The aspect ratio of the Bede Wing was low, in the area of 1.8. Fitted with unusually long suspension lines, the Bede Wing had almost no dihedral. It was also reported to have a lower sink rate than conventional hang gliders of the time. Although Bede intended to start full production of the Bede Wing, the project came to nothing. However, it foreshadowed the introduction of ram-air inflated paragliders in the mid-1980s.

projected-17325258-002

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bede%20Wing

Bede Wing

References

The Bede Wing was an inflated hang glider, designed in the 1970s by aeronautical engineer Jim Bede. Intended as a safer alternative to conventional hang gliders, it resembled an early ram-air parachute, but instead was an inflatable structure, that could be filled with air for gliding, or with helium to act as a gas balloon. The aspect ratio of the Bede Wing was low, in the area of 1.8. Fitted with unusually long suspension lines, the Bede Wing had almost no dihedral. It was also reported to have a lower sink rate than conventional hang gliders of the time. Although Bede intended to start full production of the Bede Wing, the project came to nothing. However, it foreshadowed the introduction of ram-air inflated paragliders in the mid-1980s.

Wing Category:Inflatable aircraft Category:Balloons (aeronautics) Category:Hang gliders Category:Parafoils

projected-23570515-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erol%20Sander

Erol Sander

Introduction

Erol Sander (born 9 November 1968 as Urçun Salihoğlu) is a Turkish-German actor.

projected-23570515-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erol%20Sander

Erol Sander

Filmography

Erol Sander (born 9 November 1968 as Urçun Salihoğlu) is a Turkish-German actor.

1990: Two's a Crowd (TV series) - Jannicke Guigue 1997: (TV series) - Philippe Roussel 2000: Zwei Leben nach dem Tod 2001: The Apocalypse (TV film) - Ionicus 2001-2002: Sinan Toprak ist der Unbestechliche (TV series) - Kriminalhauptkommissar Sinan Toprak 2003: Spurlos – ein Baby verschwindet (TV film) - Peter Wedekind 2003: Für immer verloren (TV film) - Erkan Öcelit 2003: Betty – Schön wie der Tod (TV film) - Thomas Lohner 2003: (TV film) - the Shah 2003: Mein Mann, mein Leben und du (TV film) - Frank Moss 2003: Rosamunde Pilcher: Federn im Wind (TV) - David Norris 2004: Tausendmal berührt (TV film) - Leon Willfahrt 2004: Alexander - Persian Prince 2004: Vernunft und Gefühl (TV film) 2004: Liebe ist (k)ein komisches Wort 2005: Wenn der Vater mit dem Sohne (TV film) - Paul Bachmann 2005: Ums Paradies betrogen (TV miniseries) - Andrew Stoughton 2005: Die Liebe eines Priesters (TV film) - Michael 2005: Wen die Liebe trifft (TV film) - Luca Berger 2005: Inga Lindström: Sprung ins Glück (TV) - Axel Hasselroth 2005: Andersrum (TV film) - Makler 2005: Die goldene Stadt 2005: Liebe hat Flügel 2006: 2006: Im Himmel schreibt man Liebe anders (TV film) - Christoph Fischer 2006–2011: Die Alpenklinik (TV series, 6 episodes) - Dr. Daniel Guth 2007: Im Tal der wilden Rosen (TV series) - Jake Cross 2007: Eine Liebe in Kuba (TV film) - Jan Holzer 2007: Der Zauber des Regenbogens (TV film) - Brian O'Casey 2007: (TV film) - Bernhard Reichenberg 2008: Die Blüten der Sehnsucht (TV film) - Paul Pflüger 2008: Rebecca Ryman: Olivia and Jai (TV film) - Jai Raventhorne 2008-2018: Mordkommission Istanbul (TV series, 22 episodes) - Police Inspector Mehmet Özakin 2009: Tatort: Familienaufstellung (TV) - Durmus Korkmaz 2016: Snowden - Diplomat Party Guest

projected-23570515-002

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erol%20Sander

Erol Sander

Personal life

Erol Sander (born 9 November 1968 as Urçun Salihoğlu) is a Turkish-German actor.

In 2000 Sander married Frenchwoman Caroline Godet, a niece of director Oliver Stone.

projected-23570538-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schism%20Act%201714

Schism Act 1714

Introduction

The Schism Act or Established Church Act (13 Ann., c. 7) was a never-enforced 1714 Act of the Parliament of Great Britain which was repealed in 1718. The Act stipulated that anyone who wished to keep (manage or own) a public or private school, or act as tutor, must first be granted a licence from a bishop. Also, he (or she) must conform to the liturgy of the Church of England and to have taken in the past year the rites of that Church. The Act sought to constrain, convert or curtail Dissenter schools (dissenting academies), but on the day the Act was due to come into force, Queen Anne died and the Act was never enforced. Upon the Hanoverian succession in 1714 and the subsequent supremacy of Whigs, the Act was repealed by the Religious Worship Act 1718.

projected-23570538-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schism%20Act%201714

Schism Act 1714

References

The Schism Act or Established Church Act (13 Ann., c. 7) was a never-enforced 1714 Act of the Parliament of Great Britain which was repealed in 1718. The Act stipulated that anyone who wished to keep (manage or own) a public or private school, or act as tutor, must first be granted a licence from a bishop. Also, he (or she) must conform to the liturgy of the Church of England and to have taken in the past year the rites of that Church. The Act sought to constrain, convert or curtail Dissenter schools (dissenting academies), but on the day the Act was due to come into force, Queen Anne died and the Act was never enforced. Upon the Hanoverian succession in 1714 and the subsequent supremacy of Whigs, the Act was repealed by the Religious Worship Act 1718.

Category:History of Christianity in the United Kingdom Category:United Kingdom Education Acts Category:Great Britain Acts of Parliament 1714 Category:Repealed Great Britain Acts of Parliament

projected-23570540-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20B.%20Floyd%20%28West%20Virginia%20politician%29

John B. Floyd (West Virginia politician)

Introduction

John B. Floyd (November 13, 1854 – April 15, 1935) was a West Virginia politician, lawyer, and businessman. Born in Logan County, West Virginia, his father was George Rogers Clark Floyd, who served as Secretary of Wisconsin Territory and then in the West Virginia Legislature. Floyd went to Rock Hill College and then to the University of Virginia. He worked on the family farm and then in the lumber business. Floyd then studied law and was admitted to the West Virginia bar and practiced law. He served in the West Virginia House of Delegates in 1881–1882, and again in 1893–1894. Floyd also served in the West Virginia Senate in 1883–1885. From 1900 to 1901, Floyd served as mayor of Charleston, West Virginia. He died at his daughter's home in Charleston, West Virginia.

projected-23570540-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20B.%20Floyd%20%28West%20Virginia%20politician%29

John B. Floyd (West Virginia politician)

See also

John B. Floyd (November 13, 1854 – April 15, 1935) was a West Virginia politician, lawyer, and businessman. Born in Logan County, West Virginia, his father was George Rogers Clark Floyd, who served as Secretary of Wisconsin Territory and then in the West Virginia Legislature. Floyd went to Rock Hill College and then to the University of Virginia. He worked on the family farm and then in the lumber business. Floyd then studied law and was admitted to the West Virginia bar and practiced law. He served in the West Virginia House of Delegates in 1881–1882, and again in 1893–1894. Floyd also served in the West Virginia Senate in 1883–1885. From 1900 to 1901, Floyd served as mayor of Charleston, West Virginia. He died at his daughter's home in Charleston, West Virginia.

List of mayors of Charleston, West Virginia

projected-23570540-003

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20B.%20Floyd%20%28West%20Virginia%20politician%29

John B. Floyd (West Virginia politician)

Sources

John B. Floyd (November 13, 1854 – April 15, 1935) was a West Virginia politician, lawyer, and businessman. Born in Logan County, West Virginia, his father was George Rogers Clark Floyd, who served as Secretary of Wisconsin Territory and then in the West Virginia Legislature. Floyd went to Rock Hill College and then to the University of Virginia. He worked on the family farm and then in the lumber business. Floyd then studied law and was admitted to the West Virginia bar and practiced law. He served in the West Virginia House of Delegates in 1881–1882, and again in 1893–1894. Floyd also served in the West Virginia Senate in 1883–1885. From 1900 to 1901, Floyd served as mayor of Charleston, West Virginia. He died at his daughter's home in Charleston, West Virginia.

Information about John B. Floyd Category:1854 births Category:1935 deaths Category:People from Logan County, West Virginia Category:University of Virginia alumni Category:Businesspeople from West Virginia Category:West Virginia lawyers Category:West Virginia state senators Category:Members of the West Virginia House of Delegates Category:Mayors of Charleston, West Virginia Category:Lawyers from Charleston, West Virginia Category:19th-century American politicians Category:20th-century American politicians Category:19th-century American lawyers

projected-23570554-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridgeway%20Benefice

Ridgeway Benefice

Introduction

The Ridgeway Benefice is a group of parishes in Wiltshire, England, to the north of Marlborough. The parishes are: Holy Cross Chiseldon with Draycot Foliat; Ogbourne St Andrew, which also serves the hamlets of Ogbourne Maizey and Rockley; and Ogbourne St George. The benefice is part of the Marlborough Deanery in the Diocese of Salisbury of the Church of England, which is part of the Christian, Anglican Communion. The benefice is run by Reverend Roger Powell.

projected-20461765-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shogo%20Kobara

Shogo Kobara

Introduction

is a former Japanese football player.

projected-20461765-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shogo%20Kobara

Shogo Kobara

Playing career

is a former Japanese football player.

Kobara was born in Yokohama on November 2, 1982. He joined J1 League club Yokohama F. Marinos from youth team in 2001. Although he played several matches as center back from first season, he could not play many matches in the club have many Japan national team players Naoki Matsuda, Yasuhiro Hato and Yuji Nakazawa. In 2004, he moved to J2 League club Vegalta Sendai and played many matches. In 2005, he moved to J2 club Montedio Yamagata. He became a regular player and played many matches as center back with Leonardo. However his opportunity to play decreased behind newcomer Hidenori Ishii from 2008. Although the club was promoted to J1 from 2009, he could not become a regular player. In 2010, he moved to J2 club Ehime FC and played many matches as regular player. In 2011, he moved to J1 club Avispa Fukuoka. Although he played many matches, the club was relegated to J2 from 2012. In 2013, he moved to J2 club Ehime FC again. He retired end of 2013 season.

projected-17325260-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rob%20Kardashian

Rob Kardashian

Introduction

Robert Arthur Kardashian (born March 17, 1987) is an American television personality. He is known for appearing on Keeping Up with the Kardashians, a reality television series that centers on his family, as well as its spin-offs. In 2011, Kardashian also competed in the thirteenth season of ABC's Dancing with the Stars, during which he placed second.

projected-17325260-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rob%20Kardashian

Rob Kardashian

Early life

Robert Arthur Kardashian (born March 17, 1987) is an American television personality. He is known for appearing on Keeping Up with the Kardashians, a reality television series that centers on his family, as well as its spin-offs. In 2011, Kardashian also competed in the thirteenth season of ABC's Dancing with the Stars, during which he placed second.

Robert Arthur Kardashian was born March 17, 1987 in Los Angeles, California, to attorney Robert Kardashian and wife Kris. He has three older sisters, Kourtney, Kim, and Khloé. His parents divorced in 1991, and his mother married Olympic decathlete Caitlyn Jenner the same year. Through their marriage, Kardashian gained step-brothers Burton "Burt", Brandon, and Brody; step-sister Casey; and half-sisters Kendall and Kylie Jenner. His father, Robert Kardashian, died in September 2003 from esophageal cancer. Kardashian graduated from the University of Southern California's Marshall School of Business in 2009.

projected-17325260-002

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rob%20Kardashian

Rob Kardashian

Career

Robert Arthur Kardashian (born March 17, 1987) is an American television personality. He is known for appearing on Keeping Up with the Kardashians, a reality television series that centers on his family, as well as its spin-offs. In 2011, Kardashian also competed in the thirteenth season of ABC's Dancing with the Stars, during which he placed second.

Kardashian was a contestant on season 13 of Dancing with the Stars in 2011. He was paired with two-time champion Cheryl Burke and made it further than his sister Kim did during her appearance in the seventh season. Kardashian was almost eliminated in the fourth week. During the season, Kardashian became the most improved dancer, advancing with his partner Cheryl Burke to the finals, her fifth time doing so. The pair ended up in second place against J.R. Martinez and Karina Smirnoff. Kardashian has also taken on several business ventures working with PerfectSkin, Rival Spot, the BG5 and working on his own sock line. Kardashian was one of the final judges of Miss USA 2012. Kardashian announced in August 2012 that he would return to the University of Southern California and study law later in the year. USC's Gould School of Law, however, denied this, and stated via its Twitter account that Kardashian had not even applied to the school. In 2012, Kardashian participated in Fox's dating game show The Choice. That same year, he launched his sock line titled Arthur George. The reality series Rob & Chyna premiered on September 11, 2016. It followed Kardashian's relationship with model Blac Chyna as they prepared to welcome their first child. Six hour-long episodes were ordered, excluding a television special featuring the birth of Kardashian and Chyna's newborn. The show concluded that December.

projected-17325260-003

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rob%20Kardashian

Rob Kardashian

Personal life

Robert Arthur Kardashian (born March 17, 1987) is an American television personality. He is known for appearing on Keeping Up with the Kardashians, a reality television series that centers on his family, as well as its spin-offs. In 2011, Kardashian also competed in the thirteenth season of ABC's Dancing with the Stars, during which he placed second.

Kardashian dated actress Adrienne Bailon from 2007 until 2009. Their relationship was documented on the family reality show Keeping Up with the Kardashians. In 2012, he dated singer Rita Ora. In December 2015, it was reported that Kardashian was hospitalized after falling ill and diagnosed with diabetes. In January 2016, Kardashian began dating model Blac Chyna. On April 5, 2016, Kardashian and Chyna announced their engagement via Instagram after three months of dating. In May 2016, it was reported that the couple were expecting their first child together. Their daughter, Dream Renée Kardashian, was born on November 10, 2016. On December 17, 2016, the couple announced their split on social media after Chyna's Instagram account was hacked. Kardashian told his Snapchat followers that his fiancée left him, moved out of their home and took their month old daughter with her. However, the couple reconciled as the split was revealed to be done in the "heat of the moment." On December 28, 2016, Kardashian was hospitalized again for diabetes, however, he left the hospital the next day. On July 5, 2017, Kardashian made a series of Instagram posts accusing Chyna of infidelity and posted explicit pictures of her. He was later banned from Instagram for posting revenge porn, but an official account managed by Jenner Communications is active.

projected-20461780-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Meaning%20of%20Witchcraft

The Meaning of Witchcraft

Introduction

The Meaning of Witchcraft is a non-fiction book written by Gerald Gardner. Gardner, known to many in the modern sense as the "Father of Wicca", based the book around his experiences with the religion of Wicca and the New Forest Coven. It was first published in 1959, only after the British Parliament repealed the Witchcraft Act of 1735, and proved to be Gardner's final book. The Wicca religion as expounded by Gardner was focused on a goddess, identified with the night sky and with wild nature, and a horned god who represented the fertilizing powers of the natural world. It was organized into covens, through which members were initiated through three ascending degrees of competence and authority and which were governed by a high priestess, supported by a high priest. More historical context to the pagan practice of Wicca can be found in the book Wicca: History, Belief, and Community in Modern Pagan Witchcraft That book discusses Wiccan life, covering how and why people convert to Wicca; its denominations; its sociological demographics; its political beliefs, particularly in terms of environmentalist issues; the impact of anti-Wiccan persecution; the transmission of Wiccan and Pagan culture; and the history of academic analysis of Wicca. The Meaning of Witchcraft is a sequel to Gardner's previous book on the subject, Witchcraft Today, which was published in 1954. Chapters include: Witch's Memories and Beliefs, The Stone Age Origins of Witchcraft, Druidism and the Aryan Celts, Magic Thinking, Curious Beliefs about Witches, Signs and Symbols, The Black Mass, Some Allegations Examined. When Gardner died in 1964, the copyright for the book was left to the High Priestess of his coven, Monique Wilson. Gardner wrote the book in order to publicise Wicca, which he believed would die out unless more converts could be attracted. Gardner himself believed that Wicca was the survival of an ancient pagan Witch-cult, a theory originating from historian Margaret Murray which has now largely been discredited by historians like Ronald Hutton and Jeffrey Russell. Margaret Murray's theory maintained that witches were indeed members of an organized cult surviving from pagan times. According to Murray, Christianity remained a thin veneer which cloaked pagan customs down to the sixteenth century. Hutton does say that all the modern branches of Wicca are either based on or influenced by his (Gardner) teachings. It is the only complete religion (as opposed to sect or denomination) which England has ever given the world.

projected-23570564-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20winners%20of%20the%20Amsterdam%20Marathon

List of winners of the Amsterdam Marathon

Introduction

This article lists the winners of the Amsterdam Marathon, which was first held during the 1928 Summer Olympics (men's competition only) and annually from 1975 onwards, with the exception of 1978. The current course records of 2:03:38 (men) and 2:17:57 (women) were set in the 2021 edition by Tamirat Tola and Angela Tanui respectively. Ferenc Szekeres, Cor Vriend, Sammy Korir, Plonie Scheringa, and Marja Wokke won the Amsterdam Marathon each two times, and Gerard Nijboer won the marathon four times.

projected-23570564-004

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20winners%20of%20the%20Amsterdam%20Marathon

List of winners of the Amsterdam Marathon

References

This article lists the winners of the Amsterdam Marathon, which was first held during the 1928 Summer Olympics (men's competition only) and annually from 1975 onwards, with the exception of 1978. The current course records of 2:03:38 (men) and 2:17:57 (women) were set in the 2021 edition by Tamirat Tola and Angela Tanui respectively. Ferenc Szekeres, Cor Vriend, Sammy Korir, Plonie Scheringa, and Marja Wokke won the Amsterdam Marathon each two times, and Gerard Nijboer won the marathon four times.

Amsterdam Marathon Statistics Palmares Marathon d'Amsterdam Amsterdam Category:Sport in Amsterdam Marathon Amsterdam Marathon

projected-23570579-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lukavica%20%28Isto%C4%8Dno%20Novo%20Sarajevo%29

Lukavica (Istočno Novo Sarajevo)

Introduction

Lukavica () is a town in the municipalities of Istočno Novo Sarajevo, Republika Srpska , Bosnia and Herzegovina and Novo Sarajevo, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

projected-23570579-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lukavica%20%28Isto%C4%8Dno%20Novo%20Sarajevo%29

Lukavica (Istočno Novo Sarajevo)

Demographics

Lukavica () is a town in the municipalities of Istočno Novo Sarajevo, Republika Srpska , Bosnia and Herzegovina and Novo Sarajevo, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

According to the 2013 census, its population was 8,616, with 7,785 of them living in the Republika Srpska part and 831 in the Federation part.

projected-23570579-002

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lukavica%20%28Isto%C4%8Dno%20Novo%20Sarajevo%29

Lukavica (Istočno Novo Sarajevo)

References

Lukavica () is a town in the municipalities of Istočno Novo Sarajevo, Republika Srpska , Bosnia and Herzegovina and Novo Sarajevo, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Category:Cities and towns in Republika Srpska Category:Populated places in Istočno Novo Sarajevo

projected-17325265-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%20Men%27s%20European%20Water%20Polo%20Championship

2003 Men's European Water Polo Championship

Introduction

The 2003 Men's European Water Polo Championship was the 26th edition of the event, organised by the Europe's governing body in aquatics, the Ligue Européenne de Natation. The event took place in the Aquatic Centre in Kranj, Slovenia from June 6 to June 15, 2003. There were two qualification tournaments ahead of the event, held from April 9 to April 13, 2003 in Kyiv, Ukraine (with Belarus, Spain, Germany, Netherlands, France and Ukraine competing) and Bratislava, Slovakia (Greece, Slovakia, Romania, Poland, Malta and Turkey).

projected-17325265-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%20Men%27s%20European%20Water%20Polo%20Championship

2003 Men's European Water Polo Championship

Teams

The 2003 Men's European Water Polo Championship was the 26th edition of the event, organised by the Europe's governing body in aquatics, the Ligue Européenne de Natation. The event took place in the Aquatic Centre in Kranj, Slovenia from June 6 to June 15, 2003. There were two qualification tournaments ahead of the event, held from April 9 to April 13, 2003 in Kyiv, Ukraine (with Belarus, Spain, Germany, Netherlands, France and Ukraine competing) and Bratislava, Slovakia (Greece, Slovakia, Romania, Poland, Malta and Turkey).

GROUP A GROUP B

projected-17325265-005

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%20Men%27s%20European%20Water%20Polo%20Championship

2003 Men's European Water Polo Championship

Quarterfinals

The 2003 Men's European Water Polo Championship was the 26th edition of the event, organised by the Europe's governing body in aquatics, the Ligue Européenne de Natation. The event took place in the Aquatic Centre in Kranj, Slovenia from June 6 to June 15, 2003. There were two qualification tournaments ahead of the event, held from April 9 to April 13, 2003 in Kyiv, Ukraine (with Belarus, Spain, Germany, Netherlands, France and Ukraine competing) and Bratislava, Slovakia (Greece, Slovakia, Romania, Poland, Malta and Turkey).

Thiursday June 12, 2003

projected-17325265-006

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%20Men%27s%20European%20Water%20Polo%20Championship

2003 Men's European Water Polo Championship

Semifinals

The 2003 Men's European Water Polo Championship was the 26th edition of the event, organised by the Europe's governing body in aquatics, the Ligue Européenne de Natation. The event took place in the Aquatic Centre in Kranj, Slovenia from June 6 to June 15, 2003. There were two qualification tournaments ahead of the event, held from April 9 to April 13, 2003 in Kyiv, Ukraine (with Belarus, Spain, Germany, Netherlands, France and Ukraine competing) and Bratislava, Slovakia (Greece, Slovakia, Romania, Poland, Malta and Turkey).

Friday June 13, 2003

projected-17325265-007

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%20Men%27s%20European%20Water%20Polo%20Championship

2003 Men's European Water Polo Championship

Finals

The 2003 Men's European Water Polo Championship was the 26th edition of the event, organised by the Europe's governing body in aquatics, the Ligue Européenne de Natation. The event took place in the Aquatic Centre in Kranj, Slovenia from June 6 to June 15, 2003. There were two qualification tournaments ahead of the event, held from April 9 to April 13, 2003 in Kyiv, Ukraine (with Belarus, Spain, Germany, Netherlands, France and Ukraine competing) and Bratislava, Slovakia (Greece, Slovakia, Romania, Poland, Malta and Turkey).

Sunday June 15, 2003 — Bronze Medal Sunday June 15, 2003 — Gold Medal

projected-17325265-009

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%20Men%27s%20European%20Water%20Polo%20Championship

2003 Men's European Water Polo Championship

Individual awards

The 2003 Men's European Water Polo Championship was the 26th edition of the event, organised by the Europe's governing body in aquatics, the Ligue Européenne de Natation. The event took place in the Aquatic Centre in Kranj, Slovenia from June 6 to June 15, 2003. There were two qualification tournaments ahead of the event, held from April 9 to April 13, 2003 in Kyiv, Ukraine (with Belarus, Spain, Germany, Netherlands, France and Ukraine competing) and Bratislava, Slovakia (Greece, Slovakia, Romania, Poland, Malta and Turkey).

Most Valuable Player Best Goalkeeper Topscorer — 24 goals

projected-17325265-010

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%20Men%27s%20European%20Water%20Polo%20Championship

2003 Men's European Water Polo Championship

References

The 2003 Men's European Water Polo Championship was the 26th edition of the event, organised by the Europe's governing body in aquatics, the Ligue Européenne de Natation. The event took place in the Aquatic Centre in Kranj, Slovenia from June 6 to June 15, 2003. There were two qualification tournaments ahead of the event, held from April 9 to April 13, 2003 in Kyiv, Ukraine (with Belarus, Spain, Germany, Netherlands, France and Ukraine competing) and Bratislava, Slovakia (Greece, Slovakia, Romania, Poland, Malta and Turkey).

Results Men 2003 Category:International water polo competitions hosted by Slovenia European Championship Water polo

projected-17325354-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific%20Airways

Pacific Airways

Introduction

Pacific Airways may refer to: Pacificair (Pacific Airways Corporation), an airline in the Philippines Pacific Airways Inc., a small airline that operates DHC-2 Beaver float planes in Ketchikan, Alaska, United States Pacific Airlines may refer to: Canadian Pacific Airlines (also known as CP Air), a defunct (1942–1987) airline, later known as Canadian Airlines and now forming part of Air Canada Pacific Airlines an airline in Vietnam

projected-17325354-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific%20Airways

Pacific Airways

See also

Pacific Airways may refer to: Pacificair (Pacific Airways Corporation), an airline in the Philippines Pacific Airways Inc., a small airline that operates DHC-2 Beaver float planes in Ketchikan, Alaska, United States Pacific Airlines may refer to: Canadian Pacific Airlines (also known as CP Air), a defunct (1942–1987) airline, later known as Canadian Airlines and now forming part of Air Canada Pacific Airlines an airline in Vietnam

Cathay Pacific Airways

projected-17325363-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torneo%20Rep%C3%BAblica

Torneo República

Introduction

The Torneo República (Republic Tournament) is a defunct official football tournament from Paraguay. The competition was held at the beginning of the year and its purpose was to integrate teams from the Asunción area with teams from other departments in order to give teams from all over the country a chance to qualify for international CONMEBOL tournaments.

projected-17325363-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torneo%20Rep%C3%BAblica

Torneo República

Finals

The Torneo República (Republic Tournament) is a defunct official football tournament from Paraguay. The competition was held at the beginning of the year and its purpose was to integrate teams from the Asunción area with teams from other departments in order to give teams from all over the country a chance to qualify for international CONMEBOL tournaments.

*undefeated

projected-17325363-003

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torneo%20Rep%C3%BAblica

Torneo República

Bibliography

The Torneo República (Republic Tournament) is a defunct official football tournament from Paraguay. The competition was held at the beginning of the year and its purpose was to integrate teams from the Asunción area with teams from other departments in order to give teams from all over the country a chance to qualify for international CONMEBOL tournaments.

Corporación Deportiva Fénix (ed.) Campeones Oficiales. (In Spanish) Retrieved Nov 8, 2012. Torres, Carlos (Oct 30, 2012) D10 (ed.) «Los equipos "campesinos" en la Primera División». (In Spanish) Retrieved Dec 20, 2012. Category:Defunct football competitions in Paraguay Category:1990 in Paraguayan football Category:1991 in Paraguayan football Category:1992 in Paraguayan football Category:1993 in Paraguayan football Category:1995 in Paraguayan football

projected-23570587-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telef%C3%A9rico%20de%20Monserrate

Teleférico de Monserrate

Introduction

The Teleférico de Monserrate is a tourist cable car that connects Bogotá with the Monserrate hill.

projected-23570587-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telef%C3%A9rico%20de%20Monserrate

Teleférico de Monserrate

History

The Teleférico de Monserrate is a tourist cable car that connects Bogotá with the Monserrate hill.

The cable car to Monserrate was built to provide service to the increasing number of parishioners who ascended to the Basilica del Señor de Monserrate in the years 1950, when the only means of ascent was the funicular train, or pulled train. Designed by the Swiss Von Roll company, its construction began in 1953 and it was commissioned on September 27, 1955. When it was finished, the total cost of the work amounted to one million pesos. At that time a peso bought a dollar. The equipment used today to manage the system is in perfect condition, and has also been updated and modernized. The action boards, monitoring and security systems are fully computerized, which makes it one of the most modern systems in the world. Over the years the cable car has changed in color and appearance. At first it was white, then it was painted yellow, then red and green, later red, now it is orange.

projected-23570587-002

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telef%C3%A9rico%20de%20Monserrate

Teleférico de Monserrate

Current system

The Teleférico de Monserrate is a tourist cable car that connects Bogotá with the Monserrate hill.

The cable car takes four minutes to travel the 820 meters between the station of the ring road with Calle 26 up to 3,152 meters, at the station on the hill. Each car can comfortably accommodate 35 people, who pay approximately $US 6.50 for the ride up and down, from Monday to Friday, at night the rate is higher and goes to $US 6.80. Since it began service, an accident that has occurred has been that of last December 24, 2018, which shows that it is a safe means of transport. The supporting cables on which the car is supported are changed every 70 years and those that pull the cars are changed every 35 years. Although it does not use advertising, this system is profitable. The most congested days are Good Fridays, when some 3,500 people move. That is to say that they make 10 to 12 trips. The cable car operates from Monday to Saturday from 12 noon to 12 midnight and Sundays and holidays from 5:30 in the morning to 6 in the afternoon. The advantage of the cable car over the funicular is to provide a panoramic view of the city of Bogotá. The funicular, on the other hand, operates from Monday to Saturday from 7:40 a.m. to 11:40 a.m. and on Sundays and holidays from 5:30 a.m. to 6 p.m. THE CABLE CAR CHANGES ITS IMAGE After 60 years of service, the cable car to Monserrate continues to retain its classic style but changes its image to start a new stage, with the purpose of making your visit more pleasant, making each trip its passengers have a pleasant experience, for For this reason, one of its main attributes is a better panoramic view. Among other qualities that can be appreciated from the new design are: 1. Interior lighting and ambient sound. 2. Fresher, modern, spacious, light and friendly image. 3. Thematic adaptation for seasons. 4. Its orange and green colors connect visitors with nature, making orange a symbol of the beautiful sunsets that can be seen from the top of the mountain, enveloping the visitor in the green of the thick vegetation that surrounds the eastern hills creating a memory in the mind of those who visit the hill. Opening date November 28, 2015

projected-23570587-003

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telef%C3%A9rico%20de%20Monserrate

Teleférico de Monserrate

See also

The Teleférico de Monserrate is a tourist cable car that connects Bogotá with the Monserrate hill.

List of aerial tramways

projected-23570597-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mickey%27s%20Mechanical%20House

Mickey's Mechanical House

Introduction

"Mickey's Mechanical House" is a cartoon made by Walt Disney Television Animation. It was originally released in 1999. It was narrated by Monty Python member John Cleese.

projected-23570597-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mickey%27s%20Mechanical%20House

Mickey's Mechanical House

Plot

"Mickey's Mechanical House" is a cartoon made by Walt Disney Television Animation. It was originally released in 1999. It was narrated by Monty Python member John Cleese.

This cartoon is narrated in rhyme. Mickey Mouse keeps trying to sleep while living in an old, unrepaired house, which constantly annoys him. Mickey decides to move out of it; he takes Pluto and runs down a sidewalk full of houses. Soon, he meets a salesman who is selling a modern and clean "electric house" where anything can be controlled by a push of a button on a remote control. Mickey, delighted that it was better than the other, buys the house and moves in it. At first, the mouse is happy with his new home, but the robotic servant (who refuses to let Mickey stay up to explore the house at night) and malfunctioning equipment make him change his mind and escape from the place. Eventually, Mickey changes his values and returns to live in his old house.

projected-23570597-002

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mickey%27s%20Mechanical%20House

Mickey's Mechanical House

Cast

"Mickey's Mechanical House" is a cartoon made by Walt Disney Television Animation. It was originally released in 1999. It was narrated by Monty Python member John Cleese.

Wayne Allwine as Mickey Mouse Bill Farmer as Pluto John Cleese as the Narrator Jeff Bennett as Salesman

projected-23570597-003

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mickey%27s%20Mechanical%20House

Mickey's Mechanical House

References

"Mickey's Mechanical House" is a cartoon made by Walt Disney Television Animation. It was originally released in 1999. It was narrated by Monty Python member John Cleese.

Category:Mickey Mouse short films Category:1999 films Category:1999 animated films Category:1990s Disney animated short films Category:Films scored by Stephen James Taylor

projected-23570600-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoita%20orbicularis

Hoita orbicularis

Introduction

Hoita orbicularis is a species of legume known by the common name roundleaf leather-root. It is endemic to California, where it is relatively widespread throughout the state's mountain ranges, growing most often in moist habitat. It is a perennial herb growing prostrate or nearly so at ground level with large leaves each made up of three round leaflets up to long each. The herbage is glandular and often hairy. The inflorescence is an erect raceme which may be up to long. Each of the many flowers is one or two centimeters long, pealike, and generally a shade of light to medium purple in color. The fruit is a hairy, veiny legume pod just under long.

projected-23570602-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aza%20Gazgireyeva

Aza Gazgireyeva

Introduction

Aza Adlopovna Gazgireyeva (; 29 October 1954, Saran, Kazakhstan – 10 June 2009, Nazran), also known as Aza Gazgireeva, was an Ingush jurist who served as the deputy chief justice of the Supreme Court of Ingushetia. She was assassinated in Nazran on 10 June 2009. Gazgireyeva became deputy chief justice on the Ingush Supreme Court following the assassination of her predecessor on the court, Khasan Yandiyev, on 13 April 2008. On 10 June 2009, gunmen opened fire on Gazgireyeva's chauffeur-driven van in the Ingushetian city of Nazran shortly after she dropped her children off at kindergarten. At least one gunman reportedly walked up to Gazgireyeva and shot her in the head. Five other people, including a one-year-old child, were injured during the attack on Gazgireyeva, according to Russian television broadcasts. The gunmen escaped in two cars. Gazgireyeva died at a hospital in Nazran hours after the attack. Gazgireyeva is believed to have been killed because of her work on the court. She oversaw Supreme Court trials involving crimes carried out by Islamic extremists and separatist groups in Russia's North Caucasus region. She may have been targeted for her role in the investigation of a 2004 attack on Ingush police forces by Chechen militants. The chairman of the Ingush Supreme Court, Mikhail Zadvornov, told Russia's Interfax news agency that, "Aza Gazgireyeva was a judge with 25 years experience ... the reason for her murder was her professional activities." Ingushetia's deputy interior minister Valery Zhernov called Gazgireyeva's killing both "brutal" and "brazen". Gazgireyeva's assassination came just eighteen months after the shooting death of her predecessor, Khasan Yandiyev. Her death came amidst a series of attacks on officials in Ingushetia and other parts of Russia's troubled Caucasus region. Adilgerei Magomedtagirov, a Russian general and interior minister of neighboring Dagestan, was shot dead on 5 June 2009. The President of Ingushetia Yunus-Bek Yevkurov was critically wounded in a suicide bombing on 22 June 2009, less than two weeks after Gazgireyeva's death.

projected-23570602-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aza%20Gazgireyeva

Aza Gazgireyeva

References

Aza Adlopovna Gazgireyeva (; 29 October 1954, Saran, Kazakhstan – 10 June 2009, Nazran), also known as Aza Gazgireeva, was an Ingush jurist who served as the deputy chief justice of the Supreme Court of Ingushetia. She was assassinated in Nazran on 10 June 2009. Gazgireyeva became deputy chief justice on the Ingush Supreme Court following the assassination of her predecessor on the court, Khasan Yandiyev, on 13 April 2008. On 10 June 2009, gunmen opened fire on Gazgireyeva's chauffeur-driven van in the Ingushetian city of Nazran shortly after she dropped her children off at kindergarten. At least one gunman reportedly walked up to Gazgireyeva and shot her in the head. Five other people, including a one-year-old child, were injured during the attack on Gazgireyeva, according to Russian television broadcasts. The gunmen escaped in two cars. Gazgireyeva died at a hospital in Nazran hours after the attack. Gazgireyeva is believed to have been killed because of her work on the court. She oversaw Supreme Court trials involving crimes carried out by Islamic extremists and separatist groups in Russia's North Caucasus region. She may have been targeted for her role in the investigation of a 2004 attack on Ingush police forces by Chechen militants. The chairman of the Ingush Supreme Court, Mikhail Zadvornov, told Russia's Interfax news agency that, "Aza Gazgireyeva was a judge with 25 years experience ... the reason for her murder was her professional activities." Ingushetia's deputy interior minister Valery Zhernov called Gazgireyeva's killing both "brutal" and "brazen". Gazgireyeva's assassination came just eighteen months after the shooting death of her predecessor, Khasan Yandiyev. Her death came amidst a series of attacks on officials in Ingushetia and other parts of Russia's troubled Caucasus region. Adilgerei Magomedtagirov, a Russian general and interior minister of neighboring Dagestan, was shot dead on 5 June 2009. The President of Ingushetia Yunus-Bek Yevkurov was critically wounded in a suicide bombing on 22 June 2009, less than two weeks after Gazgireyeva's death.

Category:2009 deaths Category:Assassinated Russian people Category:Ingush people Category:People from Ingushetia Category:Russian judges Category:Russian murder victims Category:Place of birth missing Category:Russian women judges Category:20th-century Russian people Category:21st-century Russian people Category:21st-century judges Category:1954 births Category:21st-century women judges Category:20th-century Russian women

projected-23570604-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love%20and%20How%20to%20Cure%20It

Love and How to Cure It

Introduction

Love and How to Cure It is a 1937 British comedy film directed by Royston Morley, based on a story by Thornton Wilder and starring Sara Gregory, Louise Hampton, Edward Chapman and Athene Seyler. It was made by the BBC for television, but also shown in cinemas as well.

projected-20461791-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish%20devolution

Scottish devolution

Introduction

Devolution is the process in which the central British parliament grants administrative powers (excluding principally reserved matters) to the devolved Scottish Parliament. Prior to the advent of devolution, some had argued for a Scottish Parliament within the United Kingdom – while others have since advocated for complete independence. The people of Scotland first got the opportunity to vote in a referendum on proposals for devolution in 1979 and, although a majority of those voting voted 'Yes', the referendum legislation also required 40% of the electorate to vote 'Yes' for the plans to be enacted and this was not achieved. A second referendum opportunity in 1997, this time on a strong proposal, resulted in an overwhelming 'Yes' victory, leading to the Scotland Act 1998 being passed and the Scottish Parliament being established in 1999. Scottish voters were given the chance to vote 'Yes' on outright independence in a 2014 referendum. In an effort to persuade Scots to remain in the Union, the major UK parties vowed to devolve further powers to Scotland after the referendum. The 'No' vote prevailed (independence was rejected) and the campaign promise of devolution resulted in the formation of the Smith Commission and the eventual passage of the Scotland Act 2016.

projected-20461791-002

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish%20devolution

Scottish devolution

1707 to 1999

Devolution is the process in which the central British parliament grants administrative powers (excluding principally reserved matters) to the devolved Scottish Parliament. Prior to the advent of devolution, some had argued for a Scottish Parliament within the United Kingdom – while others have since advocated for complete independence. The people of Scotland first got the opportunity to vote in a referendum on proposals for devolution in 1979 and, although a majority of those voting voted 'Yes', the referendum legislation also required 40% of the electorate to vote 'Yes' for the plans to be enacted and this was not achieved. A second referendum opportunity in 1997, this time on a strong proposal, resulted in an overwhelming 'Yes' victory, leading to the Scotland Act 1998 being passed and the Scottish Parliament being established in 1999. Scottish voters were given the chance to vote 'Yes' on outright independence in a 2014 referendum. In an effort to persuade Scots to remain in the Union, the major UK parties vowed to devolve further powers to Scotland after the referendum. The 'No' vote prevailed (independence was rejected) and the campaign promise of devolution resulted in the formation of the Smith Commission and the eventual passage of the Scotland Act 2016.

Having agreed to pass the Union with England Act, the Parliament of Scotland 'adjourned' on 25 March 1707. The new united Kingdom of Great Britain came into being on 1 May 1707, with a single Parliament of Great Britain which merged the parliamentary bodies and constituencies of England and Scotland into a new legislature located in London. The post of Secretary of State for Scotland existed after 1707 until the Jacobite rising of 1745. Thereafter, responsibility for Scotland lay primarily with the office of the Secretary of State for the Northern Department, usually exercised by the Lord Advocate. The Secretaries of State were reorganised in 1782 and the duties now came under the Secretary of State for the Home Department.

projected-20461791-003

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish%20devolution

Scottish devolution

Administrative devolution (1885)

Devolution is the process in which the central British parliament grants administrative powers (excluding principally reserved matters) to the devolved Scottish Parliament. Prior to the advent of devolution, some had argued for a Scottish Parliament within the United Kingdom – while others have since advocated for complete independence. The people of Scotland first got the opportunity to vote in a referendum on proposals for devolution in 1979 and, although a majority of those voting voted 'Yes', the referendum legislation also required 40% of the electorate to vote 'Yes' for the plans to be enacted and this was not achieved. A second referendum opportunity in 1997, this time on a strong proposal, resulted in an overwhelming 'Yes' victory, leading to the Scotland Act 1998 being passed and the Scottish Parliament being established in 1999. Scottish voters were given the chance to vote 'Yes' on outright independence in a 2014 referendum. In an effort to persuade Scots to remain in the Union, the major UK parties vowed to devolve further powers to Scotland after the referendum. The 'No' vote prevailed (independence was rejected) and the campaign promise of devolution resulted in the formation of the Smith Commission and the eventual passage of the Scotland Act 2016.

1885 saw the creation of the Scottish Office and the post of Secretary for Scotland. From 1892 the Secretary for Scotland sat in cabinet, but the position was not officially recognised as a full member of the cabinet of the United Kingdom until the Secretary for Scotland post was upgraded to full Secretary of State rank as Secretary of State for Scotland in 1926.

projected-20461791-004

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish%20devolution

Scottish devolution

Government of Scotland Bill 1913

Devolution is the process in which the central British parliament grants administrative powers (excluding principally reserved matters) to the devolved Scottish Parliament. Prior to the advent of devolution, some had argued for a Scottish Parliament within the United Kingdom – while others have since advocated for complete independence. The people of Scotland first got the opportunity to vote in a referendum on proposals for devolution in 1979 and, although a majority of those voting voted 'Yes', the referendum legislation also required 40% of the electorate to vote 'Yes' for the plans to be enacted and this was not achieved. A second referendum opportunity in 1997, this time on a strong proposal, resulted in an overwhelming 'Yes' victory, leading to the Scotland Act 1998 being passed and the Scottish Parliament being established in 1999. Scottish voters were given the chance to vote 'Yes' on outright independence in a 2014 referendum. In an effort to persuade Scots to remain in the Union, the major UK parties vowed to devolve further powers to Scotland after the referendum. The 'No' vote prevailed (independence was rejected) and the campaign promise of devolution resulted in the formation of the Smith Commission and the eventual passage of the Scotland Act 2016.

In May 1913 the House of Commons passed the second reading of the Government of Scotland Bill 1913 (also referred to as the Scottish Home Rule Bill) by 204 votes to 159. The bill was supported by Liberals and opposed by Unionists. It did not proceed further due to the outbreak of the First World War.

projected-20461791-005

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish%20devolution

Scottish devolution

Scottish Covenant Association (1940s and 1950s)

Devolution is the process in which the central British parliament grants administrative powers (excluding principally reserved matters) to the devolved Scottish Parliament. Prior to the advent of devolution, some had argued for a Scottish Parliament within the United Kingdom – while others have since advocated for complete independence. The people of Scotland first got the opportunity to vote in a referendum on proposals for devolution in 1979 and, although a majority of those voting voted 'Yes', the referendum legislation also required 40% of the electorate to vote 'Yes' for the plans to be enacted and this was not achieved. A second referendum opportunity in 1997, this time on a strong proposal, resulted in an overwhelming 'Yes' victory, leading to the Scotland Act 1998 being passed and the Scottish Parliament being established in 1999. Scottish voters were given the chance to vote 'Yes' on outright independence in a 2014 referendum. In an effort to persuade Scots to remain in the Union, the major UK parties vowed to devolve further powers to Scotland after the referendum. The 'No' vote prevailed (independence was rejected) and the campaign promise of devolution resulted in the formation of the Smith Commission and the eventual passage of the Scotland Act 2016.

The Scottish Covenant Association was a non-partisan political organisation that sought the establishment of a devolved Scottish Assembly. It was formed by John MacCormick who had left the Scottish National Party in 1942 when they decided to support all-out independence for Scotland rather than devolution as had been their position. The Association was responsible for the creation of the Scottish Covenant, which gathered two million signatures in support of devolution. Members of the organisation were also responsible for the removal of the Stone of Destiny from Westminster Abbey in 1950 that attracted huge publicity for the cause of Scottish home rule.

projected-20461791-007

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish%20devolution

Scottish devolution

1979 devolution referendum

Devolution is the process in which the central British parliament grants administrative powers (excluding principally reserved matters) to the devolved Scottish Parliament. Prior to the advent of devolution, some had argued for a Scottish Parliament within the United Kingdom – while others have since advocated for complete independence. The people of Scotland first got the opportunity to vote in a referendum on proposals for devolution in 1979 and, although a majority of those voting voted 'Yes', the referendum legislation also required 40% of the electorate to vote 'Yes' for the plans to be enacted and this was not achieved. A second referendum opportunity in 1997, this time on a strong proposal, resulted in an overwhelming 'Yes' victory, leading to the Scotland Act 1998 being passed and the Scottish Parliament being established in 1999. Scottish voters were given the chance to vote 'Yes' on outright independence in a 2014 referendum. In an effort to persuade Scots to remain in the Union, the major UK parties vowed to devolve further powers to Scotland after the referendum. The 'No' vote prevailed (independence was rejected) and the campaign promise of devolution resulted in the formation of the Smith Commission and the eventual passage of the Scotland Act 2016.

The Scottish referendum of 1979 was a post-legislative referendum to decide whether there was sufficient support for the Scotland Act 1978 that was to create a deliberative assembly for Scotland. The Act required that for the Act not to be repealed at least 40% of the electorate would have to vote Yes in the referendum. The referendum resulted in a narrow Yes majority but fell short of the 40% requirement.

projected-20461791-008

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish%20devolution

Scottish devolution

1997 devolution referendum

Devolution is the process in which the central British parliament grants administrative powers (excluding principally reserved matters) to the devolved Scottish Parliament. Prior to the advent of devolution, some had argued for a Scottish Parliament within the United Kingdom – while others have since advocated for complete independence. The people of Scotland first got the opportunity to vote in a referendum on proposals for devolution in 1979 and, although a majority of those voting voted 'Yes', the referendum legislation also required 40% of the electorate to vote 'Yes' for the plans to be enacted and this was not achieved. A second referendum opportunity in 1997, this time on a strong proposal, resulted in an overwhelming 'Yes' victory, leading to the Scotland Act 1998 being passed and the Scottish Parliament being established in 1999. Scottish voters were given the chance to vote 'Yes' on outright independence in a 2014 referendum. In an effort to persuade Scots to remain in the Union, the major UK parties vowed to devolve further powers to Scotland after the referendum. The 'No' vote prevailed (independence was rejected) and the campaign promise of devolution resulted in the formation of the Smith Commission and the eventual passage of the Scotland Act 2016.

The Scottish devolution referendum of 1997 was a pre-legislative referendum over whether there was support for the creation of a Scottish Parliament within the United Kingdom and whether there was support for such a parliament to have tax varying powers. In response to the clear majority voting for both proposals, the United Kingdom Parliament passed the Scotland Act 1998, creating the Scottish Parliament and Scottish Executive.

projected-20461791-009

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish%20devolution

Scottish devolution

The Scotland Act 1998

Devolution is the process in which the central British parliament grants administrative powers (excluding principally reserved matters) to the devolved Scottish Parliament. Prior to the advent of devolution, some had argued for a Scottish Parliament within the United Kingdom – while others have since advocated for complete independence. The people of Scotland first got the opportunity to vote in a referendum on proposals for devolution in 1979 and, although a majority of those voting voted 'Yes', the referendum legislation also required 40% of the electorate to vote 'Yes' for the plans to be enacted and this was not achieved. A second referendum opportunity in 1997, this time on a strong proposal, resulted in an overwhelming 'Yes' victory, leading to the Scotland Act 1998 being passed and the Scottish Parliament being established in 1999. Scottish voters were given the chance to vote 'Yes' on outright independence in a 2014 referendum. In an effort to persuade Scots to remain in the Union, the major UK parties vowed to devolve further powers to Scotland after the referendum. The 'No' vote prevailed (independence was rejected) and the campaign promise of devolution resulted in the formation of the Smith Commission and the eventual passage of the Scotland Act 2016.

The Act was introduced by the Labour government in 1998 after the 1997 referendum. It created the Scottish Parliament, setting out how Members of the Scottish Parliament are to be elected, making some provision about the internal operation of the Parliament (although many issues are left for the Parliament itself to regulate) and setting out the process for the Parliament to consider and pass Bills which become Acts of the Scottish Parliament once they receive Royal Assent. The Act specifically asserts the continued power of the UK Parliament to legislate in respect of Scotland. The Act devolves all powers except over matter it specifies as reserved matters. It further designates a list of statutes which are not amenable to amendment or repeal by the Parliament which includes the Human Rights Act 1998 and many provisions of the Scotland Act itself. Even when acting within its legislative competence, the Act further constrains the powers of the Parliament by inhibiting it from acting in a manner incompatible with the European Convention on Human Rights or European Community law. The same constraints apply to acts of the Scottish Executive.

projected-20461791-010

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish%20devolution

Scottish devolution

Scottish Parliament established, May 1999

Devolution is the process in which the central British parliament grants administrative powers (excluding principally reserved matters) to the devolved Scottish Parliament. Prior to the advent of devolution, some had argued for a Scottish Parliament within the United Kingdom – while others have since advocated for complete independence. The people of Scotland first got the opportunity to vote in a referendum on proposals for devolution in 1979 and, although a majority of those voting voted 'Yes', the referendum legislation also required 40% of the electorate to vote 'Yes' for the plans to be enacted and this was not achieved. A second referendum opportunity in 1997, this time on a strong proposal, resulted in an overwhelming 'Yes' victory, leading to the Scotland Act 1998 being passed and the Scottish Parliament being established in 1999. Scottish voters were given the chance to vote 'Yes' on outright independence in a 2014 referendum. In an effort to persuade Scots to remain in the Union, the major UK parties vowed to devolve further powers to Scotland after the referendum. The 'No' vote prevailed (independence was rejected) and the campaign promise of devolution resulted in the formation of the Smith Commission and the eventual passage of the Scotland Act 2016.

The Scottish Parliament met for the first time on 12 May 1999 and began its first session with SNP member Winnie Ewing stating "the Scottish Parliament, adjourned on 25th day of March in the year 1707, is hereby reconvened"

projected-20461791-011

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish%20devolution

Scottish devolution

Opening of new Scottish Parliament building (2004)

Devolution is the process in which the central British parliament grants administrative powers (excluding principally reserved matters) to the devolved Scottish Parliament. Prior to the advent of devolution, some had argued for a Scottish Parliament within the United Kingdom – while others have since advocated for complete independence. The people of Scotland first got the opportunity to vote in a referendum on proposals for devolution in 1979 and, although a majority of those voting voted 'Yes', the referendum legislation also required 40% of the electorate to vote 'Yes' for the plans to be enacted and this was not achieved. A second referendum opportunity in 1997, this time on a strong proposal, resulted in an overwhelming 'Yes' victory, leading to the Scotland Act 1998 being passed and the Scottish Parliament being established in 1999. Scottish voters were given the chance to vote 'Yes' on outright independence in a 2014 referendum. In an effort to persuade Scots to remain in the Union, the major UK parties vowed to devolve further powers to Scotland after the referendum. The 'No' vote prevailed (independence was rejected) and the campaign promise of devolution resulted in the formation of the Smith Commission and the eventual passage of the Scotland Act 2016.

Construction of the Scottish Parliament building began in June 1999 and the first debate in the new building was held on Tuesday 7 September 2004. The formal opening by the Queen took place on 9 October 2004. Enric Miralles, the Spanish architect who designed the building, died before its completion. From 1999 until the opening of the new building in 2004, committee rooms and the debating chamber of the Scottish Parliament were housed in the General Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland located on The Mound in Edinburgh. Office and administrative accommodation in support of the Parliament were provided in buildings leased from the City of Edinburgh Council. The new Scottish Parliament Building brought together these different elements into one purpose built parliamentary complex, housing 129 MSPs and more than 1,000 staff and civil servants. The building aims to conceive a poetic union between the Scottish landscape, its people, its culture and the city of Edinburgh, an approach that won the parliament building numerous awards including the 2005 Stirling Prize, and it has been described as "a tour de force of arts and crafts and quality without parallel in the last 100 years of British architecture".

projected-20461791-012

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish%20devolution

Scottish devolution

Powers over Scottish railways transferred (2005)

Devolution is the process in which the central British parliament grants administrative powers (excluding principally reserved matters) to the devolved Scottish Parliament. Prior to the advent of devolution, some had argued for a Scottish Parliament within the United Kingdom – while others have since advocated for complete independence. The people of Scotland first got the opportunity to vote in a referendum on proposals for devolution in 1979 and, although a majority of those voting voted 'Yes', the referendum legislation also required 40% of the electorate to vote 'Yes' for the plans to be enacted and this was not achieved. A second referendum opportunity in 1997, this time on a strong proposal, resulted in an overwhelming 'Yes' victory, leading to the Scotland Act 1998 being passed and the Scottish Parliament being established in 1999. Scottish voters were given the chance to vote 'Yes' on outright independence in a 2014 referendum. In an effort to persuade Scots to remain in the Union, the major UK parties vowed to devolve further powers to Scotland after the referendum. The 'No' vote prevailed (independence was rejected) and the campaign promise of devolution resulted in the formation of the Smith Commission and the eventual passage of the Scotland Act 2016.

As a result of provisions in the Railways Bill, powers were transferred from the Department of Transport to the Scottish Executive, a move described by then First Minister, Jack McConnell as "...the most significant devolution of new powers to Scottish ministers since 1999."

projected-20461791-013

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish%20devolution

Scottish devolution

Scottish Executive becomes Scottish Government (2007)

Devolution is the process in which the central British parliament grants administrative powers (excluding principally reserved matters) to the devolved Scottish Parliament. Prior to the advent of devolution, some had argued for a Scottish Parliament within the United Kingdom – while others have since advocated for complete independence. The people of Scotland first got the opportunity to vote in a referendum on proposals for devolution in 1979 and, although a majority of those voting voted 'Yes', the referendum legislation also required 40% of the electorate to vote 'Yes' for the plans to be enacted and this was not achieved. A second referendum opportunity in 1997, this time on a strong proposal, resulted in an overwhelming 'Yes' victory, leading to the Scotland Act 1998 being passed and the Scottish Parliament being established in 1999. Scottish voters were given the chance to vote 'Yes' on outright independence in a 2014 referendum. In an effort to persuade Scots to remain in the Union, the major UK parties vowed to devolve further powers to Scotland after the referendum. The 'No' vote prevailed (independence was rejected) and the campaign promise of devolution resulted in the formation of the Smith Commission and the eventual passage of the Scotland Act 2016.

A Scottish Executive was created under section 44 of the Scotland Act 1998. Following the 2007 Scottish Parliament election, the Scottish Executive was rebranded as the Scottish Government by the new Scottish National Party administration. Other changes that took place at this time included the development of the National Performance Framework and major restructuring whereby Directors-General were put in charge of the achievement of the Government's strategic objectives. These changes have been described as developing a form of strategic state. The new name's use in Westminster legislation was updated by s.12 Scotland Act 2012.

projected-20461791-014

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish%20devolution

Scottish devolution

Calman Commission (2007)

Devolution is the process in which the central British parliament grants administrative powers (excluding principally reserved matters) to the devolved Scottish Parliament. Prior to the advent of devolution, some had argued for a Scottish Parliament within the United Kingdom – while others have since advocated for complete independence. The people of Scotland first got the opportunity to vote in a referendum on proposals for devolution in 1979 and, although a majority of those voting voted 'Yes', the referendum legislation also required 40% of the electorate to vote 'Yes' for the plans to be enacted and this was not achieved. A second referendum opportunity in 1997, this time on a strong proposal, resulted in an overwhelming 'Yes' victory, leading to the Scotland Act 1998 being passed and the Scottish Parliament being established in 1999. Scottish voters were given the chance to vote 'Yes' on outright independence in a 2014 referendum. In an effort to persuade Scots to remain in the Union, the major UK parties vowed to devolve further powers to Scotland after the referendum. The 'No' vote prevailed (independence was rejected) and the campaign promise of devolution resulted in the formation of the Smith Commission and the eventual passage of the Scotland Act 2016.

The Calman Commission was established by a motion passed by the Scottish Parliament on 6 December 2007. Its terms of reference are: "To review the provisions of the Scotland Act 1998 in the light of experience and to recommend any changes to the present constitutional arrangements that would enable the Scottish Parliament to better serve the people of Scotland, that would improve the financial accountability of the Scottish Parliament and that would continue to secure the position of Scotland within the United Kingdom." However, concerns have been expressed that its final report will not have "much legitimacy" because it was skewed towards preserving the status quo.

projected-20461791-015

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish%20devolution

Scottish devolution

Powers transferred over planning and nature conservation matters at sea (2008)

Devolution is the process in which the central British parliament grants administrative powers (excluding principally reserved matters) to the devolved Scottish Parliament. Prior to the advent of devolution, some had argued for a Scottish Parliament within the United Kingdom – while others have since advocated for complete independence. The people of Scotland first got the opportunity to vote in a referendum on proposals for devolution in 1979 and, although a majority of those voting voted 'Yes', the referendum legislation also required 40% of the electorate to vote 'Yes' for the plans to be enacted and this was not achieved. A second referendum opportunity in 1997, this time on a strong proposal, resulted in an overwhelming 'Yes' victory, leading to the Scotland Act 1998 being passed and the Scottish Parliament being established in 1999. Scottish voters were given the chance to vote 'Yes' on outright independence in a 2014 referendum. In an effort to persuade Scots to remain in the Union, the major UK parties vowed to devolve further powers to Scotland after the referendum. The 'No' vote prevailed (independence was rejected) and the campaign promise of devolution resulted in the formation of the Smith Commission and the eventual passage of the Scotland Act 2016.

During 2008, agreement was reached to transfer responsibility for all planning and nature conservation matters at sea up to 200 miles from the Scottish coast to the Scottish Government. The change has implications for the offshore industry, wind and wave power and to a lesser extent, fishing, though responsibility for fishing quotas remains a European Union issue and oil and gas licensing and permitting remains a reserved matter.

projected-20461791-016

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish%20devolution

Scottish devolution

Independence referendum

Devolution is the process in which the central British parliament grants administrative powers (excluding principally reserved matters) to the devolved Scottish Parliament. Prior to the advent of devolution, some had argued for a Scottish Parliament within the United Kingdom – while others have since advocated for complete independence. The people of Scotland first got the opportunity to vote in a referendum on proposals for devolution in 1979 and, although a majority of those voting voted 'Yes', the referendum legislation also required 40% of the electorate to vote 'Yes' for the plans to be enacted and this was not achieved. A second referendum opportunity in 1997, this time on a strong proposal, resulted in an overwhelming 'Yes' victory, leading to the Scotland Act 1998 being passed and the Scottish Parliament being established in 1999. Scottish voters were given the chance to vote 'Yes' on outright independence in a 2014 referendum. In an effort to persuade Scots to remain in the Union, the major UK parties vowed to devolve further powers to Scotland after the referendum. The 'No' vote prevailed (independence was rejected) and the campaign promise of devolution resulted in the formation of the Smith Commission and the eventual passage of the Scotland Act 2016.

In August 2009 the SNP announced a Referendum Bill would be included in its package of bills to be debated before Parliament in 2009–10, with the intention of holding a referendum on the issues of Scottish independence in November 2010. The bill did not pass due to the SNP's status as a minority administration, and due to the initial opposition to the Bill from all other major parties in the Scottish Parliament. Following the 2011 Scottish Parliament election, the SNP had a majority in parliament and again brought forward an Independence Referendum Bill. The Scottish Government also suggested that full fiscal autonomy for Scotland (known as "devo-max") could be an alternative option in the vote. The negotiation of the Edinburgh Agreement (2012) resulted in the UK government legislating to provide the Scottish Parliament with the powers to hold the referendum. The "devo-max" option was not included, however, as the Edinburgh Agreement stipulated that the referendum had to be a clear binary choice between independence or the existing devolution arrangements. The Scottish Independence Referendum (Franchise) Act 2013 was passed by the Scottish Parliament and campaigning commenced. Two days before the referendum was held, with polls very close, the leaders of the three main UK political parties made "The Vow", a public pledge to devolve "extensive new powers" to the Scottish Parliament if independence was rejected. They also agreed to a devolution timetable proposed by Gordon Brown. After heavy campaigning by both sides, voting took place on 18 September 2014. Independence was rejected by a margin of 45% in favour to 55% against.

projected-20461791-017

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish%20devolution

Scottish devolution

Smith Commission

Devolution is the process in which the central British parliament grants administrative powers (excluding principally reserved matters) to the devolved Scottish Parliament. Prior to the advent of devolution, some had argued for a Scottish Parliament within the United Kingdom – while others have since advocated for complete independence. The people of Scotland first got the opportunity to vote in a referendum on proposals for devolution in 1979 and, although a majority of those voting voted 'Yes', the referendum legislation also required 40% of the electorate to vote 'Yes' for the plans to be enacted and this was not achieved. A second referendum opportunity in 1997, this time on a strong proposal, resulted in an overwhelming 'Yes' victory, leading to the Scotland Act 1998 being passed and the Scottish Parliament being established in 1999. Scottish voters were given the chance to vote 'Yes' on outright independence in a 2014 referendum. In an effort to persuade Scots to remain in the Union, the major UK parties vowed to devolve further powers to Scotland after the referendum. The 'No' vote prevailed (independence was rejected) and the campaign promise of devolution resulted in the formation of the Smith Commission and the eventual passage of the Scotland Act 2016.

The day after the referendum, David Cameron announced the formation of the Smith Commission to "convene cross-party talks" concerning "recommendations for further devolution of powers to the Scottish Parliament". Two months later, on 27 November 2014, the commission published its recommendations, which included giving the Scottish Parliament complete power to set income tax rates and bands, increased borrowing powers, and an extensive list of other rights and powers.