Datasets:

justram

/

AToMiC-Texts-v0.2-medium

like 0

projected-04036250-005

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp%20Kohlschreiber

Philipp Kohlschreiber

2009: 4th round at the French Open

Philipp Eberhard Hermann Kohlschreiber (; born 16 October 1983) is a German former professional player. The right-hander won eight singles and seven doubles titles on the ATP World Tour and made the quarterfinals at the . He reached his highest singles ranking of world No. 16 in July 2012.

Kohlschreiber started 2009 by reaching the quarterfinals in Doha and Auckland. The German reached the second round at the Australian Open where he defeated , before losing to in five sets. In the in Indian Wells, Kohlschreiber beat 6–2, 3–6, 6–3 before being defeated by in the fourth round. Also in 2009, during the French Open, Kohlschreiber defeated world No. 4, , in a 6–4, 6–4, 6–4 upset. In the third round of , he was defeated by Roger Federer 6–3, 6–2, 6–7, 6–1. He was the only person other than finalist Andy Roddick to take a set off of Federer, the eventual champion.

wit-train-topic-004845232

projected-04036250-009

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp%20Kohlschreiber

Philipp Kohlschreiber

2013: 4th round at the French Open and US Open

Philipp Eberhard Hermann Kohlschreiber (; born 16 October 1983) is a German former professional player. The right-hander won eight singles and seven doubles titles on the ATP World Tour and made the quarterfinals at the . He reached his highest singles ranking of world No. 16 in July 2012.

At the , he lost in the third round to . He made it to the fourth round of the before losing to world number one, Novak Djokovic. At , he had to retire in his first-round match against Ivan Dodig. At the , he lost in the fourth round to eventual champion Rafael Nadal.

wit-train-topic-002410858

projected-04036289-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmannia%20lanceolata

Tasmannia lanceolata

Introduction

Tasmannia lanceolata ( Drimys lanceolata), commonly known as Tasmanian pepperberry or mountain pepper, is a shrub native to woodlands and of south-eastern . The shrub varies from 2 to 10 m high. The are to narrow-elliptic or , 4–12 cm long, and 0.7–2.0 cm wide, with a distinctly pale undersurface. Stems are quite red in colour. The small cream or white flowers appear in summer and are followed by black, globose, two-lobed berries 5–8 mm wide, which appear in autumn. There are separate male and female plants. Originally described by French botanist , it gained its current name in 1969 by A.C. Smith. It had been known for many years as lanceolata. It is found in and northwards through to in . It is found in gullies in rainforests.

wit-train-topic-000222243

projected-04036289-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmannia%20lanceolata

Tasmannia lanceolata

Uses

Tasmannia lanceolata ( Drimys lanceolata), commonly known as Tasmanian pepperberry or mountain pepper, is a shrub native to woodlands and of south-eastern . The shrub varies from 2 to 10 m high. The are to narrow-elliptic or , 4–12 cm long, and 0.7–2.0 cm wide, with a distinctly pale undersurface. Stems are quite red in colour. The small cream or white flowers appear in summer and are followed by black, globose, two-lobed berries 5–8 mm wide, which appear in autumn. There are separate male and female plants. Originally described by French botanist , it gained its current name in 1969 by A.C. Smith. It had been known for many years as lanceolata. It is found in and northwards through to in . It is found in gullies in rainforests.

has been identified as the primary active compound in Tasmannia lanceolata, and is also responsible for its peppery taste. The fruits also contain s, s, and s, as well as , , and , and also the s and . The leaf and berry are used as a spice, typically dried. Tasmanian pepperberry was used as a colonial pepper substitute. More recently, it has become popularised as a condiment. It can be added to curries, cheeses, and alcoholic beverages. It is exported to Japan to flavour . The berries are sweet and fruity at first with a lingering peppery aftertaste. Dried T. lanceolata berries and leaves have strong activity against food organisms. It also has high activity. Low selections are grown in plantations for commercial use, as safrole is considered a low-risk . Used in colonial medicine as a substitute for , a , it was also used for treating . Tasmanian pepper is one of a number of native Australian herbs and food species being supported by the Australian Native Food Industry Ltd, which brings together producers of food species from all parts of Australia. The pepperberry can be used as a fish poison. The 1889 book 'The Useful Native Plants of Australia' records that common names included "Pepper Tree" and that "The drupe is used as a condiment, being a fair substitute for pepper, or rather allspice The leaves and bark also have a hot, biting, cinnamon-like taste." It can be grown as a garden plant. Its berries attract birds, including s, that feed on them. It can be propagated from cuttings or seed, and can grow in a well-drained acidic soil with some shade, but is sensitive to . Garden cultivars include 'Mt. Wellington', a compact plant with coppery new growth, and 'Suzette', a variegated cultivar.

wit-train-topic-000391556

projected-04036291-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinkensdamm%20metro%20station

Zinkensdamm metro station

Introduction

Zinkensdamm is a station in , , . The station was opened on 5 April 1964 as part of the first stretch of the Red line, between and . The surrounding area is known for the sports grounds, the Park, the Drakenberg area, and the Zinken hostel.

wit-train-topic-002736948

projected-04036293-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorrie%20Sprecher

Lorrie Sprecher

Biography

Lorrie Sprecher (born 18 July 1960) is an American writer, musician, and activist.

She holds a in from the University of Maryland, where her dissertation was on Gertrude Stein. Her , Sister Safety Pin, details the life of a 20-something lesbian named Melany as she struggles to come to terms with her , her lovers, her future, and her place in the changing world of punk rock. Peppered heavily with references to seminal punk bands, the novel follows Melany through a small series of relationships, attaining her degree, and contemplating "if a lesbian... especially a punk lesbian... is supposed to get a Ph.D." Honed with sharp wit, the story unfolds against a backdrop of 1980s , , and D.C.; a time when punk rock was shifting faces and the AIDS crisis was exploding amongst the gay community. Widely reviewed, Sister Safety Pin has become a classic among its lesbian audience. After the publication of her novel, Sprecher turned her attention to music, forming the one-woman band Sugar Rat. Her music is politically charged, most recently addressing the bombing of . Her debut album, Rats Have Rights, was released in 2001. In 2002, Sprecher released her follow-up to Rats, entitled The Opposite of Popular. Both albums were self-distributed and are available via or Sprecher's website. She has also contributed songs to the (RAWA). Sprecher is a vocal member of , an organization dedicated to fighting , and has been arrested six times in during various . She is currently working on her third novel and an album for Sugar Rat.

wit-train-topic-004699028

projected-04036297-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yang%20Yang%20%28speed%20skater%2C%20born%201976%29

Yang Yang (speed skater, born 1976)

Introduction

Yang Yang (; born 24 August 1976 in , , ) is a retired Chinese . She is a two-time Olympic Champion from and a six-time for 1997–2002. Known as Yang Yang (A), she was formerly a member of the Chinese national short track team. Yang is one of the most accomplished short track speed skaters of all time having won 34 world titles, including six Overall World Championships. She is the first person to have won six Overall World Titles and won six consecutively. Her victory in the women's 500 m short track at the made her China's first-ever gold medalist. She added a second gold in the women's 1000 m short track at the same Games and has also won two silver and a bronze medal. After 2003 World Championships, Yang took time off competing, but came back in 2004–2005 season in lead-up to where she won the bronze medal in 1000m race. She retired soon afterwards.

wit-train-topic-002833418

projected-04036309-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantolunden

Tantolunden

Introduction

Tantolunden is a park in the southern part of central , Sweden. Tantolunden is located in near and . The area is bounded by the railway in the south, the Ringvägen in the east, the Drakenberg area in the north and Lake Årstaviken in the southwest. The park was designed in 1885 by Swedish garden architect Alfred Medin (1841-1910). The construction work continued until 1899, when it was considered that the park was completed. In 1906 a playground was arranged in the western part of the park.

wit-train-topic-004390226

projected-04036324-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parippally

Parippally

Introduction

Parippally is a village in Kalluvathukal Panchayath of , , India. Paripally village is situated South of City along NH66 and North of along NH66. is situated in Parippally. Kerala's new No 1 theatre Revathy Cinemax is also situated in Parippally-Kulamada(Kulamada-only away from Parippally junction). The nearest town Chathannor is located away, Kottiyam is another major town located near Parippally.

wit-train-topic-001288943

projected-04036343-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan%20Koubek

Stefan Koubek

Introduction

Stefan Koubek (born 2 January 1977) is a retired from . Koubek played left-handed with a double-handed backhand. His idol when growing up was . Koubek won three titles, two of which came on s; despite this, he said his favorite surface was . Koubek reached the quarterfinals of the and the , attaining a career-high singles ranking of World No. 20 in March 2000. Koubek tested positive for at the 2004 after receiving an injection for an injured wrist; he was subsequently suspended for three months. His nickname is Cooley or Stef.

wit-train-topic-004521300

projected-04036353-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museu%20Picasso

Museu Picasso

Introduction

The Museu Picasso (, "Picasso Museum") is an in , in , Spain. It houses an extensive collection of artworks by the twentieth-century Spanish artist , with a total of 4251 of his works. It is housed in five adjoining medieval palaces on Montcada Street in the neighborhood in the Old City of Barcelona. It opened to the public on 9 March 1963, becoming the first museum dedicated to Picasso's work and the only one created during his lifetime. It has since been declared a museum of national interest by the . Highlights of the collection include two of his first major works, (1896), and (1897). In particular, the Museu Picasso reveals Picasso's relationship with the city of Barcelona, a relationship that was shaped in his youth and adolescence and continued until his death.

wit-train-topic-000129647

projected-04036353-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museu%20Picasso

Museu Picasso

History

The Museu Picasso (, "Picasso Museum") is an in , in , Spain. It houses an extensive collection of artworks by the twentieth-century Spanish artist , with a total of 4251 of his works. It is housed in five adjoining medieval palaces on Montcada Street in the neighborhood in the Old City of Barcelona. It opened to the public on 9 March 1963, becoming the first museum dedicated to Picasso's work and the only one created during his lifetime. It has since been declared a museum of national interest by the . Highlights of the collection include two of his first major works, (1896), and (1897). In particular, the Museu Picasso reveals Picasso's relationship with the city of Barcelona, a relationship that was shaped in his youth and adolescence and continued until his death.

The original idea for the museum came from Picasso's lifelong friend and secretary, , whom Picasso had given many paintings, drawings, and prints since meeting in 1899. Originally, Sabartés intended to found the museum in , Picasso's birthplace. It was Picasso himself who suggested that Barcelona would be more appropriate, given his long-standing connections with the city. On 27 July 1960, Sabartés signed an agreement with the city of Barcelona to found the museum. The museum opened in 1963, with the collection established through Sabartés' donation of 574 works from his personal collection. Other items included works that Picasso had given to the city of Barcelona, such as Harlequin, works previously in the possession of the city's museum of modern art, and other gifts from Picasso's friends and collectors. The museum opened under the name of the Sabartés Collection, because of Picasso's strong opposition to Franco's regime. In the end, Barcelona mayor Josep Porcioles went against the wishes of the central government in order to open the museum. When it opened, the museum was located in Palau Aguilar on Montcada Street. In this era, the collection consisted mainly of the personal collection Sabartés, some s, and posters. Other donations during the museum's first year included a book of s made by Picasso of , donated by , as well as a given by , titled No, 1913. In subsequent years, the collection was expanded with donations, including 7-drawings dated between 1899 and 1904 given by Junyer Sebastian Vidal.

wit-train-topic-001789288

projected-04036353-005

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museu%20Picasso

Museu Picasso

Palau Aguilar

The Museu Picasso (, "Picasso Museum") is an in , in , Spain. It houses an extensive collection of artworks by the twentieth-century Spanish artist , with a total of 4251 of his works. It is housed in five adjoining medieval palaces on Montcada Street in the neighborhood in the Old City of Barcelona. It opened to the public on 9 March 1963, becoming the first museum dedicated to Picasso's work and the only one created during his lifetime. It has since been declared a museum of national interest by the . Highlights of the collection include two of his first major works, (1896), and (1897). In particular, the Museu Picasso reveals Picasso's relationship with the city of Barcelona, a relationship that was shaped in his youth and adolescence and continued until his death.

The Palau Aguilar (Montcada, 15) was the first building occupied by the museum. The building was probably built on the residence of James Ses sources, an important character in the life of Barcelona. The building dates from the 13th century but underwent significant alterations between the 15th and 18th centuries. Between the 13th and 14th centuries the building belonged to various nobles of the Court of Aragon. It was purchased in 1386 by the bourgeois family Corominas-Desplà, who then sold it fourteen years later to Berenguer Aguilar, from which the palace is named. Later owners included several members of the Catalan bourgeoisie prior to the building's purchase by the on 3 November 1953. During a restoration made in 1960, the remains of a 13th-century painting were discovered while removing plaster from one of the rooms. Today this work is exhibited in the . A large fresco representing the in 1229, the work is made up of cauldrons and roses, which suggest that the palace belonged to the lineage Caldes and Desvalls. It depicts the central courtyard of the building during the 15th century, with an open staircase and a pointed .

wit-train-topic-003692331

projected-04036353-006

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museu%20Picasso

Museu Picasso

Palau Baró de Castellet

The Museu Picasso (, "Picasso Museum") is an in , in , Spain. It houses an extensive collection of artworks by the twentieth-century Spanish artist , with a total of 4251 of his works. It is housed in five adjoining medieval palaces on Montcada Street in the neighborhood in the Old City of Barcelona. It opened to the public on 9 March 1963, becoming the first museum dedicated to Picasso's work and the only one created during his lifetime. It has since been declared a museum of national interest by the . Highlights of the collection include two of his first major works, (1896), and (1897). In particular, the Museu Picasso reveals Picasso's relationship with the city of Barcelona, a relationship that was shaped in his youth and adolescence and continued until his death.

The Palau Baró de Castellet (Montcada, 17) is a palace from the medieval period. Built during the 13th century, it was owned by the Gerona family during the 15th century. Since then it has changed hands between the bourgeois and aristocratic families of Barcelona, having been remodeled during the 18th century. In 1797, the then owner (Mariano Alegre Aparici Amat) received the noble title of Baron Castle at the hands of , prompting the palace to receive its name. Upon the death of the Baron, the building was bequeathed to the , who rented it to different tenants until they sold it to the Rivers family. The City Council then purchased the building in the 1950s. The palace was built around a central courtyard and includes on its facade a relief from the 16th century that depicts religious themes. The interior's main floor is in the style of the mid-18th century, including elements of and polychrome reliefs.

wit-train-topic-001377134

projected-04036353-007

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museu%20Picasso

Museu Picasso

Palau Meca

The Museu Picasso (, "Picasso Museum") is an in , in , Spain. It houses an extensive collection of artworks by the twentieth-century Spanish artist , with a total of 4251 of his works. It is housed in five adjoining medieval palaces on Montcada Street in the neighborhood in the Old City of Barcelona. It opened to the public on 9 March 1963, becoming the first museum dedicated to Picasso's work and the only one created during his lifetime. It has since been declared a museum of national interest by the . Highlights of the collection include two of his first major works, (1896), and (1897). In particular, the Museu Picasso reveals Picasso's relationship with the city of Barcelona, a relationship that was shaped in his youth and adolescence and continued until his death.

The Palau Meca (Montcada, 19) was built between the 13th and 14th centuries and also underwent restoration during the 18th century. Similar to the other palaces, it contains a central courtyard. Highlights include the medieval polychrome coffered ceilings of the main floor as well as unique ceilings from the 19th century. In 1349, the property was owned by James Knight, then Minister of the City Council. Under the ownership of his grandson, Ramon Desplà Knight, it became the largest palace on the block. The building later became the property of the family of Cassador (or Hunter), Marquis of Ciutadilla. The first owner, Joseph Mecca Hunter gave the palace its current name. The next family to own it, the Milans, restored the building after it was badly damaged during the . In 1901, the building was given to the Brothers of Christian Doctrine and (was installed Montepío of .) Over time the Montepío integrated with a bank, who gave the building to the City Council on 5 December 1977. The Palace was reopened as part of the museum on 11 January 1982.

wit-train-topic-000224704

projected-04036353-008

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museu%20Picasso

Museu Picasso

Casa Mauri

The Museu Picasso (, "Picasso Museum") is an in , in , Spain. It houses an extensive collection of artworks by the twentieth-century Spanish artist , with a total of 4251 of his works. It is housed in five adjoining medieval palaces on Montcada Street in the neighborhood in the Old City of Barcelona. It opened to the public on 9 March 1963, becoming the first museum dedicated to Picasso's work and the only one created during his lifetime. It has since been declared a museum of national interest by the . Highlights of the collection include two of his first major works, (1896), and (1897). In particular, the Museu Picasso reveals Picasso's relationship with the city of Barcelona, a relationship that was shaped in his youth and adolescence and continued until his death.

Casa Mauri (Montcada, 21) includes some structures that date from Roman times, when the space was occupied by the suburbs of . Of note is the unique wood facade, one of the few examples in Barcelona of the locking system typical of the 18th century. Between 1378 and 1516 the building was owned by the Rocha family and in 1716 it was owned by F. Casamada. During the 19th century several renovations were made. Under the owner Josep Vidal Torrents, the building was made to have industrial uses until it was bought by Mauri bakeries in 1943, the company that gave the building its name. In 1999 the building was acquired by Museu Picasso.

wit-train-topic-002015812

projected-04036353-009

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museu%20Picasso

Museu Picasso

Palau Finestres

The Museu Picasso (, "Picasso Museum") is an in , in , Spain. It houses an extensive collection of artworks by the twentieth-century Spanish artist , with a total of 4251 of his works. It is housed in five adjoining medieval palaces on Montcada Street in the neighborhood in the Old City of Barcelona. It opened to the public on 9 March 1963, becoming the first museum dedicated to Picasso's work and the only one created during his lifetime. It has since been declared a museum of national interest by the . Highlights of the collection include two of his first major works, (1896), and (1897). In particular, the Museu Picasso reveals Picasso's relationship with the city of Barcelona, a relationship that was shaped in his youth and adolescence and continued until his death.

The Palau Finestres (Montcada, 23) was built on the foundations of a building dating to the 13th century and occupies a former Roman . Between 1363 and 1516 the area belonged to the Marimon family. In 1872, the owner of Casa Mauri, Jose Vidal Torres, bought the building in order to annex it to his home. The City acquired the building in 1970. There are arcades on the ground floor, added during the reforms of the fifteenth and 17th centuries. On the main floor, a coffered ceiling from the end of the 13th century have been restored. The building is currently used as exhibition space.

wit-train-topic-000698183

projected-04036353-011

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museu%20Picasso

Museu Picasso

The permanent collection

The Museu Picasso (, "Picasso Museum") is an in , in , Spain. It houses an extensive collection of artworks by the twentieth-century Spanish artist , with a total of 4251 of his works. It is housed in five adjoining medieval palaces on Montcada Street in the neighborhood in the Old City of Barcelona. It opened to the public on 9 March 1963, becoming the first museum dedicated to Picasso's work and the only one created during his lifetime. It has since been declared a museum of national interest by the . Highlights of the collection include two of his first major works, (1896), and (1897). In particular, the Museu Picasso reveals Picasso's relationship with the city of Barcelona, a relationship that was shaped in his youth and adolescence and continued until his death.

The permanent collection is organized into three sections: painting and drawing, engraving, and ceramics. These cover principally the early years of Picasso's artistic life, such as his Blue Period from 1901 to 1904, but Picasso, his family, and his friends would bequest or loan other later pieces as well. There are now more than 3,500 works making up the permanent collection of the museum. The collection is organized into areas that include the early years (Málaga, Corunna and Barcelona, 1890–97), the training period (Barcelona, Horta de San Juan and Madrid, 1897–1901), the Blue Period (1901–04), works in Barcelona from 1917, and the entire Las Meninas (1957) series. Most of the paintings on display at the museum are from the period between 1890 and 1917, an important collection in regard to that portion of Picasso's life. The museum has very few paintings after 1917, with the exception of the , painted in 1957. The collection of s comprises the years 1962 and 1982. Picasso himself gave the museum a copy of each of his works produced after the death of Sabartés in 1968. The collection also includes illustrations made by the artist for various books, as well as ceramics gifted to the museum by Picasso's widow, Jacqueline. Between 2009 and 2010 the museum began making information on the permanent collection public on their website. As of October 2010, over 65% of the museum's collection was available to view online.

wit-train-topic-000199707

projected-04036355-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Black%20%28Methodist%29

William Black (Methodist)

Introduction

William Black (November 10, 1760 – September 8, 1834) was a and founder of the in colonial Nova Scotia. Black's daughter married the merchant and politician , who was the son of , a prominent businessman and Methodist. His son, , became a prominent businessman and also furthered the Methodist cause in Nova Scotia.

wit-train-topic-001289383

projected-04036356-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horatio%20Spafford

Horatio Spafford

Introduction

Horatio Gates Spafford (October 20, 1828, – October 16, 1888, ) was a prominent and Presbyterian church elder. He is best known for penning the following a family tragedy in which his four daughters died aboard the on a transatlantic voyage.

wit-train-topic-002498938

projected-04036356-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horatio%20Spafford

Horatio Spafford

Life

Horatio Gates Spafford (October 20, 1828, – October 16, 1888, ) was a prominent and Presbyterian church elder. He is best known for penning the following a family tragedy in which his four daughters died aboard the on a transatlantic voyage.

Spafford was the son of Gazetteer author Horatio Gates Spafford and Elizabeth Clark Hewitt Spafford. On September 5, 1861, he married of , , in . Spafford was a lawyer and a senior partner in a large law firm. The Spaffords were supporters and friends of evangelist . Spafford invested in real estate north of Chicago in the spring of 1871. In October 1871, the reduced the city to ashes, destroying most of Spafford's investment.

wit-train-topic-000799269

projected-04036356-004

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horatio%20Spafford

Horatio Spafford

Later years

Horatio Gates Spafford (October 20, 1828, – October 16, 1888, ) was a prominent and Presbyterian church elder. He is best known for penning the following a family tragedy in which his four daughters died aboard the on a transatlantic voyage.

Following the sinking of the Ville du Havre, Anna gave birth to three children, Horatio Goertner (1877), Bertha Hedges (March 24, 1878), and Grace (January 18, 1881). On February 11, 1880, Horatio died of at age three. This final tragedy, after a decade of financial loss and personal grief accompanied by a lack of support from their church community, began Horatio's philosophical move away from material success toward a lifelong spiritual pilgrimage. Anna and Horatio Spafford soon left the Presbyterian congregation Horatio had helped build and hosted prayer meetings in their home. Their sect was dubbed "the Overcomers" by the American press. In August 1881, the Spaffords went to Jerusalem as a party of 13 adults and three children to set up the . Colony members, joined by Christians, engaged in philanthropic work among the people of Jerusalem regardless of their religious affiliation and without motives, gaining the trust of the local , , and communities. The community required both single and married adherents to declare celibacy, and children were separated from their parents. Child labor was used in various business endeavors while in Jerusalem. In Jerusalem, Horatio and Anna Spafford adopted a teenager, Jacob Eliahu (1864–1932), who was born in into a Turkish Jewish family. As a schoolboy, Jacob Spafford discovered the .

wit-train-topic-001524355

projected-04036358-002

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radva%C5%88%20nad%20Dunajom

Radvaň nad Dunajom

History

Radvaň nad Dunajom (, ) is a municipality at the in the of the in .

In the 9th century, the territory of Radvaň nad Dunajom became part of the . It was first mentioned as a village in 1260. The 1606 was signed in , a small settlement near or identical with Žitava, which is now part of Radvaň nad Dunajom. After the army disintegrated in November 1918, troops occupied the area, later acknowledged internationally by the . Between 1938 and 1945 Radvaň nad Dunajom once more became part of 's Hungary through the . From 1945 until the , it was part of . Since then it has been part of Slovakia.

wit-train-topic-001246862

projected-04036373-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adamantisaurus

Adamantisaurus

Introduction

Adamantisaurus ( ) is a poorly-known of n from the of what is now . It is only known from six tail e but, as a sauropod, it can be assumed that this dinosaur was a very large animal with a long neck and tail. Like many titanosaurians, Adamantisaurus is incompletely known, making its exact relationships difficult to establish. However, similarities have been noted with and the Bauru Group titanosaurian formerly known as the "Peiropolis titanosaur", now called .

wit-train-topic-000918260

projected-04036392-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois%20Norbert%20Blanchet

François Norbert Blanchet

Introduction

François Norbert Blanchet (September 30, 1795 – June 18, 1883) was a -born and of the who was instrumental in establishing the Catholic Church presence in the . He was one of the first Catholic priests to arrive in what was then known as the and subsequently became the first and of the Archdiocese of Oregon City (now known as the ).

wit-train-topic-004149563

projected-04036395-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kri%C5%A1j%C4%81nis%20Valdem%C4%81rs

Krišjānis Valdemārs

Introduction

Krišjānis Valdemārs (in Germanized spelling as Christian Waldemar or Woldemar) (2 December 1825 at Vecjunkuri in Ārlava parish (now , , ) – 7 December 1891 in , ) was a writer, editor, , politician, , and economist, the spiritual leader of and the most prominent member of the movement.

wit-train-topic-002015771

projected-04036406-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana%20Rail%20Road

Indiana Rail Road

Overview

The Indiana Rail Road is a , originally operating over former trackage from , to , a distance of . This line, now known as the Indiana Rail Road's Indianapolis Subdivision, comprises most of the former IC/ICG line from Indianapolis to ; Illinois Central successor retains the portion from Newton to Effingham. INRD also owns a former line from Terre Haute, Indiana, to Burns City, Indiana (site of the ), with trackage rights extending to . INRD no longer serves Louisville, Kentucky, and the Port of Indiana on the Ohio River at Jeffersonville, Indiana, through a haulage agreement with the Louisville & Indiana Railroad (LIRC).

The company was formed in 1986 by entrepreneur , who retired as president and chief executive officer in 2015. now owns a majority interest in the parent company. The company's executive and administrative offices are located in downtown Indianapolis. In May 2006, INRD completed the purchase of the line from to , the former / Latta Subdivision, now known as INRD's Chicago Subdivision, which crosses the Indianapolis Subdivision at grade at . The former Latta Sub was isolated from the rest of the CPR, and was reached from via over 's former line; further trackage rights over CSX's former Monon from Bedford to (negotiated as part of the Monon's merger with CSX predecessor in 1971) allowed the CPR access into the Bluegrass State. These trackage rights were transferred to the Indiana Rail Road as part of the sale, bringing INRD's total route structure to approximately . The company also operates the remnants of the in and around , and has trackage rights over other lines in and around Indianapolis, with a , shops and main facility located on the city's near south side at the Senate Avenue Terminal (between and the 's Belt Line). Additional INRD classification yards are located at , and . The latter facility, known as Hiawatha (in tribute to original owner Milwaukee Road's crack passenger trains) is also home to the main locomotive servicing facility. The INRD primarily hauls from mines to electric generating plants along the line. Appliances, grain, plastics, aggregates and food products comprise other freight hauled. Major customers include , , , , (), , , , Mont Eagle Mills, , . On March 18, 2009, the railroad announced that it would build a new rail spur in , for the new Bear Run coal mine. Bear Run is being developed by and is expected to produce more than 8 million tons annually. Long abandoned and now removed was a connection to . Tracks once ran between Senate Avenue (originally known as Mississippi Street) and Missouri Street north from this terminal's location through the present-day site of . A remnant of this connection can still be noted today in the unusual height of I-70's overpass above West and Missouri streets, which when the freeway was built in the early 1970s had to also pass over the once active rail line.

wit-train-topic-002152787

projected-04036406-002

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana%20Rail%20Road

Indiana Rail Road

Routes

The Indiana Rail Road is a , originally operating over former trackage from , to , a distance of . This line, now known as the Indiana Rail Road's Indianapolis Subdivision, comprises most of the former IC/ICG line from Indianapolis to ; Illinois Central successor retains the portion from Newton to Effingham. INRD also owns a former line from Terre Haute, Indiana, to Burns City, Indiana (site of the ), with trackage rights extending to . INRD no longer serves Louisville, Kentucky, and the Port of Indiana on the Ohio River at Jeffersonville, Indiana, through a haulage agreement with the Louisville & Indiana Railroad (LIRC).

The abandoned a section of the line between Bedford and , Indiana, as soon as they took over the Milwaukee Road in 1986. The operated on the Chicago–Bedford line from their acquisition of the Soo Line until 2006, when they spun it off to the Indiana Rail Road company. On December 18, 2009, it was decided to cut the southern part of that line even more, as they are abandoning between Bedford and , a total distance of .

wit-train-topic-004015648

projected-04036413-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martina%20Schild

Martina Schild

Introduction

Martina Schild (born 26 October 1981, in ) is a competing in and . At the , she won the silver medal in the . She placed 6th in the . She is the granddaughter of skier (1923–2003), who was the Olympic downhill champion of 1948. Due to persistent back problems, Martina Schild announced her retirement from active ski racing before the start of the 2013/14 season.

wit-train-topic-000487546

projected-04036416-003

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FK%20Mlad%C3%A1%20Boleslav

FK Mladá Boleslav

Historical names

FK Mladá Boleslav is a club based in the city of . The club currently plays in the . Mladá Boleslav were runners up in the and went on to play in the , winning their opening tie against although they were eliminated in the third qualifying round by . The club won the in 2011 and qualified for the , although they were defeated over two legs by .

1902 – SSK Mladá Boleslav (Studentský sportovní klub Mladá Boleslav) 1910 – Mladoboleslavský SK (Mladoboleslavský Sportovní klub) 1919 – Aston Villa Mladá Boleslav 1948 – Sokol Aston Villa Mladá Boleslav 1949 – ZSJ AZNP Mladá Boleslav (Základní sportovní jednota Automobilové závody národní podnik Mladá Boleslav) – merged with Sokol Slavoj Mladá Boleslav and Sokol Meteor Čejetičky 1950 – merged with Sokol Mladoboleslavský 1959 – TJ Spartak Mladá Boleslav AZNP (Tělovýchovná jednota Spartak Mladá Boleslav Automobilové závody národní podnik) 1965 – TJ Škoda Mladá Boleslav (Tělovýchovná jednota Škoda Mladá Boleslav) 1971 – TJ AŠ Mladá Boleslav (Tělovýchovná jednota Auto Škoda Mladá Boleslav) 1990 – FK Mladá Boleslav (Fotbalový klub Mladá Boleslav) 1992 – FK Slavia Mladá Boleslav (Fotbalový klub Slavia Mladá Boleslav) 1994 – FK Bohemians Mladá Boleslav (Fotbalový klub Bohemians Mladá Boleslav) 1995 – FK Mladá Boleslav (Fotbalový klub Mladá Boleslav)

wit-train-topic-001319973

projected-04036422-003

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC%20Viktoria%20Plze%C5%88

FC Viktoria Plzeň

Recent history

Football Club Viktoria Plzeň () is a Czech professional club based in . They play in the , the top division of football in the country. As runners-up in the 1970–71 , the club gained the right to play in the following season's , as winners also won the championship and played in the European Cup. In 2010, they played in the after winning the . The club won the Czech league for the first time in 2011, and participated in the group stage, during which they won their first Champions League match, earning five points and qualifying for the Round of 32 in the . The club won their second Czech league title in the 2012–13 season. In 2013–14, the club participated in the group stage and finished third. They then reached the round of 16 in before being eliminated by .

In 1992, the club returned to its historical name FC Viktoria Plzeň and the very next season, advanced to the first league, where it remained until 1999. In the first years of the new millennium, Viktoria was owned by a foreign investor – Italian Football Company Ltd EAST. This situation lasted until March 2005, when 100% of the club's shares were purchased by local interests. The summer of 2005 also brought back relations with the Czech motor company , which had previously been the club's name sponsors. On 18 May 2010, Viktoria won the final 2–1 against , and returned to European competitions via the . Viktoria entered in the third qualifying round against and held them 1–1 at home before losing 3–0 away. Viktoria won its first ever league championship in 2010–11, finishing with 69 points to Sparta Prague's 68. The club therefore qualified for a play-off to the , in which they defeated 5–2 on aggregate. Viktoria were placed in Group H alongside reigning champions and , and reached third place in the group by recording a victory over . This saw the club drop into the in the round of 32, where they lost 4–2 on aggregate to after extra time. The club's was also rebuilt in 2011. On 11 June 2011, Viktoria celebrated together with fans in the courtyard of the brewery for a centennial anniversary. In January 2012, the club held a festive gala for its centenary, and voted current midfielder as its greatest player of all-time. The 2011–12 season saw Viktoria finish in third place in the league, three points behind champions , to qualify for a third consecutive Europa League campaign. Starting in the second qualifying round, the club advanced past of Georgia and of Poland to set up a play-off against the Belgian club , in which Viktoria advanced on away goals after a 2–2 aggregate draw. The club finished first in Group B, ahead of the tournament's reigning champions . In the round of 32, Viktoria were drawn against and won 3–0 away and 2–0 at home to advance to the last 16, where they played . Viktoria lost the home leg 1–0, and in the away leg (which was played behind closed doors due to the Istanbul club's fans' recent conduct) drew 1–1, resulting in their elimination. Viktoria won the Czech league for a second time in the 2012–13 season.

wit-train-topic-002849363

projected-04036439-002

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lim%20Hng%20Kiang

Lim Hng Kiang

Career

Lim Hng Kiang (; born 9 April 1954) is a Singaporean former politician who served as between 2004 and 2018, between 2003 and 2004, between 1999 and 2003 and between 1994 and 1999. A member of the governing (PAP), he was the (MP) for between 1991 and 1997 and 1997 and 2020.

Lim began his career in the (SAF) and left with rank of lieutenant-colonel. He later served as a deputy secretary at the , and as the (CEO) of the (HDB). Lim was first elected to Parliament in 1991 as an MP for the . Since 1997, he has represented the (West Coast GRC). Lim was appointed a Minister of State at the in 1991. In 1994, he became the Acting Minister for National Development and Senior Minister of State at the . In 1995, Lim became the Minister for National Development and Second Minister for Foreign Affairs. In 1998, he relinquished the role of Second Minister for Foreign Affairs and became the Second Minister for Finance. In 1999, Lim became the Minister for Health. He also retained the portfolio of Second Minister for Finance. During the (SARS) epidemic that swept through the region. Many Singaporeans felt his initial handling of the crisis, citing his lack of leadership and indecisiveness, helped prolong the epidemic that eventually drove the economy into a recession. While then Deputy Prime Minister said "SARS has significantly disrupted our economy. It has affected not only tourist spending but also domestic consumption... certainly our first half growth will be affected, and we will have to revise down our growth forecasts for the year." Others cited his calls to quarantine patients and to close and extend local school holidays were late in coming. Many local residents also pointed to the administrators at for mishandling and underestimating the severity of SARS. When "At least 85 percent of people infected by SARS in Singapore caught it while visiting or working at hospitals", said at the WHO. "The remainder mostly came down with it at home through close contact with sick family members", he said. In 2003, Lim was made a minister in the Prime Minister's Office. He retained the role of Second Minister for Finance. Lim was made the Minister for Trade and Industry in 2004. He was subsequently put in charge of trade at the Ministry of Trade and Industry. The ministry was split into two, with Lim taking the trade portfolio and the industry portfolio taken by . Lim served as the deputy chairman of the (MAS) from 2006 until 2021 and is also a board director of the (GIC). Lim stepped down from the cabinet on 30 April 2018 and appointed as special advisor to MTI. During , Lim announced his retirement from politics.

wit-train-topic-002857516

projected-04036440-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medborgarplatsen

Medborgarplatsen

Introduction

Medborgarplatsen (literally Citizen Square) is a large located near the center of the island of in , . The square is often colloquially referred to as "Medis".

wit-train-topic-003551489

projected-04036452-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadia%20Styger

Nadia Styger

Introduction

Nadia Styger (born 11 December 1978, in ) is a former . Styger won a total of four races. She was several times Swiss champion in downhill and super-G. She won a bronze medal as part of the Swiss team at the in 2007 with , , , and .

wit-train-topic-003205206

projected-04036455-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broos

Broos

Introduction

Broos can have the following meanings: , (German: Broos, Hungarian: Szászváros), city in south-western Transylvania, Romania , a 1997 Dutch film

wit-train-topic-001015483

projected-04036463-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anastas%20Jovanovi%C4%87

Anastas Jovanović

Biography

Anastas Jovanović (, 1817 – 1 November 1899) was a n photographer and author.

Jovanović, was of origin and during his life he always felt himself a Bulgarian and at the same time a Serb. He was born in , an important administrative and garrison city under in 1817. When Anastas was 9 years old, his father sent him to continue his education in Belgrade, where his uncle worked at the Prince Obrenović sewing studio. In 1830, after the death of Anastas' father, his family moved to Belgrade. But only after one year his uncle who was their support died too. Anastas' son (1849–1923) was a prominent architect. Anastas's daughter was a prominent Serbian to German translator. He was awarded the .

wit-train-topic-001585285

projected-04036490-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvan%20Zurbriggen

Silvan Zurbriggen

Introduction

Silvan Zurbriggen (born 15 August 1981) is a retired World Cup who competed primarily in and , and occasionally in . In 2012, he stopped competing in slalom due to poor results. Born in , , Zurbriggen represented Switzerland in seven and two . He won the silver medal in the before a home crowd at the world championships in at , and was the Olympic bronze medalist in the in in , , , held at . Following his silver medal at age 21, he was the Swiss Winter Sportsman of the year in 2002 / 2003. Zurbriggen retired from World Cup competition in April at age 33 with two victories and thirteen podiums. He is a distant cousin of former Swiss ski racers and , and the cousin of . Following his racing career, he embarked on a career in banking with an 18-month internship at .

wit-train-topic-001585516

projected-04036502-002

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Black%20Adder%20%28Blackadder%29

The Black Adder (Blackadder)

Historical setting and characters

"The Black Adder" is the unaired pilot episode of the television series . Taped on 20 June 1982, it features the original incarnation of the character , played by . Following this pilot, eventually went into production and the first six-part series was broadcast in 1983, but with a number of changes to the casting, characterisation and plot; while the transmitted series was set in 1485 and the years following the , this untransmitted pilot was set in 16th century, apparently during the . A close adaptation of the script of the pilot episode was used for the second episode of the first series, "", which contains many similar characters, situations and lines to the pilot.

The pilot episode is introduced with on-screen text which announces that the setting is "Europe, 400 years ago" which, based on the date of production, places the episode during the reign of . In this respect, and in the design of the and s, the pilot bears much resemblance to the second series, (1986), which is also set during the . However, the historical connections are vague in the pilot episode; while the costume, jewellery and of the Queen bear a strong resemblance to that of Elizabeth I, the reigning monarchs are cast anonymously as "the Queen" and "the King" and no reference is made to their actual identities. Even if the character of the Queen is intended to be Elizabeth I, the King and their two sons, Princes Henry and Edmund, would be entirely fictitious characters, as Elizabeth I neither married nor bore offspring. (It is also worth noting that the episode states that Prince Harry was born in 1526 – seven years before the real Elizabeth I – which would imply the episode is set in around 1550 and that the line "400 years ago" is only very approximate.) In the version of The Black Adder which was eventually televised in 1983, the setting is shifted back some 100 years to 1485, and the King is clearly identified as , a fictional successor to who rules with his Queen, the fictional , during a . The character of Queen Elizabeth I was later revisited in Blackadder II, when played the role of , a skittish caricature of the Virgin Queen.

wit-train-topic-000570706

projected-04036515-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T18%20Boarhound

T18 Boarhound

Introduction

The T18 Boarhound was an American heavy produced in small numbers for the during the .

wit-train-topic-000776436

projected-04036515-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T18%20Boarhound

T18 Boarhound

History

The T18 Boarhound was an American heavy produced in small numbers for the during the .

In July 1941, the issued specifications for a heavy armored car (along with another specification for a medium armored car, which resulted in the and ) to be built for supply to the British. The prototype was developed in 1942 by the . It was a large 8x8 (eight wheels, all driven; called an "eight-by-eight") vehicle with four front wheels used for steering. Thick armor brought the weight to 26 tons, about the weight of contemporary s. Initial armament consisted of a in a turret with a coaxial .30 inch machine gun and another .30 inch MG in the bow mount. By then, it was clear that the anti-tank performance of the 37 mm gun was insufficient and the production version, the T18E2, which was named Boarhound by the British, received the 57 mm gun M1, the US-manufactured variant of the British . The had only shown minimal interest in the vehicle and retained the first 3 production vehicles. The placed an order for 2,500 units, but high production costs and poor cross-country performance led to cancellation of the order with only 27 being delivered to North Africa. The T18 was never used widely in combat; however, a number were made use of by defending bases of operation in North Africa, with a few even taking part in convoy operations. There are accounts that a limited few were refitted for special duties in the rear echelon as well. Late in 1942, orders were issued for upwards of some eight Boarhounds to be assigned to the , which used them sparingly as supporting armored vehicles and, to some extent, in reconnaissance roles. None are said to have seen heavy action. The only surviving vehicle is displayed in , Bovington, United Kingdom.

wit-train-topic-004450623

projected-04036518-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas%20K%C3%BCttel

Andreas Küttel

Introduction

Andreas Küttel (born 25 April 1979) is a Swiss former who currently works in the field of at the .

wit-train-topic-004851395

projected-04036548-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straits%20Air%20Freight%20Express

Straits Air Freight Express

Introduction

Straits Air Freight Express (SAFE) was a cargo airline, established in 1950, named for its focus and connecting the North Island and South Islands of New Zealand's railway systems from the 1950s to the 1970s. The company was renamed Safe Air Limited in 1966 and diversified into aviation maintenance. In 1972 it was bought by the , which then merged with . Safe Air continued to be operated as an independent entity by both owners. It ceased flying in 1990, but has continued to expand as a maintenance facility and now employs approximately 350 staff. In 2015 it was bought by the Australian arm of .

wit-train-topic-000023914

projected-04036557-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collar-and-elbow%20position

Collar-and-elbow position

Introduction

A collar-and-elbow hold is a where both combatants have a , and hold the opponent's other arm at the elbow. Generally the opening move in professional wrestling, the collar-and-elbow is generally a , but by pushing the hand on the elbow to the inside of the opponent's arms, and holding the , more control can be obtained. From here it will be easier to or to attempt , while defending against the opponent's techniques.

wit-train-topic-004732439

projected-04036604-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danderyds%20sjukhus%20metro%20station

Danderyds sjukhus metro station

Introduction

Danderyds sjukhus is a station in suburban , north of , . The station was opened on 29 January 1978 as part of the extension from to and serves the nearby hospital. The on the is situated a few hundred metres from this station.

wit-train-topic-001570762

projected-04036626-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96stermalmstorg

Östermalmstorg

Introduction

Östermalmstorg is a square in the district of , in , Sweden. It is known principal for Östermalm Market Hall (Östermalmshallen) which first opened in 1889. Östermalmshallen's interior is a marketplace for food and related delicacies. Östermalmstorg was also the location of the first which opened in 1932. Next to the square stands the of The Meeting (: "Möte"), showing a naked male figure bearing a piece of meat on his shoulders before a recumbent female figure, created by the artist (1918–2003).

wit-train-topic-004040404

projected-04036630-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serena-Maneesh

Serena-Maneesh

Introduction

Serena-Maneesh (previously spelled Serena Maneesh, sometimes shortened to S-M) is a Norwegian rock band from .

wit-train-topic-000883234

projected-04036635-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron%20trifluoride%20etherate

Boron trifluoride etherate

Introduction

Boron trifluoride etherate, strictly boron trifluoride diethyl etherate, or boron trifluoride–ether complex, is the with the formula BF3O(C2H5)2, often abbreviated BF3OEt2. It is a colorless liquid, although older samples can appear brown. The compound is used as a source of in many chemical reactions that require a . The compound features tetrahedral boron coordinated to a diethylether ligand. Many analogues are known, including the methanol complex.

wit-train-topic-001764628

projected-04036644-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brick%20and%20mortar

Brick and mortar

Introduction

Brick and mortar (also bricks and mortar or B&M) refers to a physical presence of an organization or business in a building or other structure. The term brick-and-mortar business is often used to refer to a company that possesses or leases s, factory production facilities, or warehouses for its operations. More specifically, in the jargon of businesses in the 2000s, brick-and-mortar businesses are companies that have a physical presence (e.g., a in a building) and offer face-to-face customer experiences. This term is usually used to contrast with a transitory business or an -only presence, such as fully s, which have no physical presence for shoppers to visit, talk with staff in person, touch and handle products and buy from the firm in person. However, such online businesses normally have non-public physical facilities from which they either run business operations (e.g., the company headquarters and facilities), and/or warehouses for storing and distributing products. Concerns such as foot traffic, visibility, and appealing interior design apply to brick-and-mortar businesses rather than online ones. An online-only business needs to have an attractive, well-designed , a reliable system for payment, a good delivery or shipping service and effective online marketing tactics to drive to the site. Governments are also adopting approaches, which is the use of online services for citizens to enable them to fill in government forms, pay tax bills and register for government programs online; these services aim to cut bricks and mortar costs (building leasing/purchase and staff costs) and improve services to citizens (by offering 24/7 access to information and services).

wit-train-topic-003848994

projected-04036644-002

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brick%20and%20mortar

Brick and mortar

History

Brick and mortar (also bricks and mortar or B&M) refers to a physical presence of an organization or business in a building or other structure. The term brick-and-mortar business is often used to refer to a company that possesses or leases s, factory production facilities, or warehouses for its operations. More specifically, in the jargon of businesses in the 2000s, brick-and-mortar businesses are companies that have a physical presence (e.g., a in a building) and offer face-to-face customer experiences. This term is usually used to contrast with a transitory business or an -only presence, such as fully s, which have no physical presence for shoppers to visit, talk with staff in person, touch and handle products and buy from the firm in person. However, such online businesses normally have non-public physical facilities from which they either run business operations (e.g., the company headquarters and facilities), and/or warehouses for storing and distributing products. Concerns such as foot traffic, visibility, and appealing interior design apply to brick-and-mortar businesses rather than online ones. An online-only business needs to have an attractive, well-designed , a reliable system for payment, a good delivery or shipping service and effective online marketing tactics to drive to the site. Governments are also adopting approaches, which is the use of online services for citizens to enable them to fill in government forms, pay tax bills and register for government programs online; these services aim to cut bricks and mortar costs (building leasing/purchase and staff costs) and improve services to citizens (by offering 24/7 access to information and services).

The history of brick and mortar businesses cannot be dated precisely, but it existed in the earliest vendor stalls in the (as early as 7500 BC), where merchants brought their agricultural produce, clay pots and handmade clothing to sell in a village . Bricks and mortar businesses remain important in the 2010s, though many shops and services, ranging from shops to clothing shops and even s have begun offering online shopping. This physical presence, either of a retail shop, a location with staff, where clients can go in person to ask questions about a product or service, or a service center or repair facility where customers can bring their products, has played a crucial role in providing goods and services to consumers throughout history. All large retailers in the 19th and the early to mid-20th century started off with a smaller brick and mortar presence, which increased as the businesses grew. A prime example of this is , a company that started with one small restaurant and now has nearly 36,000 restaurants in over 120 countries and plans to grow further; this shows the importance of having a physical presence. For many es, their business model is mostly limited to a bricks and mortar model, such as a restaurant or a service. Nevertheless, even service-based businesses can use websites and "apps" to reach new customers or improve their services. For example, a dry cleaning service could use a website to let customers know of the hours and location(s) of their bricks and mortar stores.

wit-train-topic-004592930

projected-04036664-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombomodulin

Thrombomodulin

Introduction

Thrombomodulin (TM), 141 or BDCA-3 is an expressed on the surface of endothelial cells and serves as a cofactor for . It reduces by converting thrombin to an anticoagulant from a procoagulant enzyme. Thrombomodulin is also expressed on human , and a subset.

wit-train-topic-001338110

projected-04036673-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penbutolol

Penbutolol

Introduction

Penbutolol (brand names Levatol, Levatolol, Lobeta, Paginol, Hostabloc, Betapressin) is a in the class of s, used in the treatment of . Penbutolol is able to bind to both s and (the two subtypes), thus making it a non-selective β blocker. Penbutolol is a with properties allowing it to act as a partial agonist at β adrenergic receptors. It was approved by the FDA in 1987 and was withdrawn from the US market by January 2015.

wit-train-topic-000243783

projected-04036687-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back%20hip%20circle

Back hip circle

Introduction

The back hip circle is an element in men's and women's . It is usually performed on the or , but can also be done on the . It is a basic skill, and is usually one of the first learned by beginning gymnasts, but also appears as a component of more advanced moves. The back hip circle is first used in level 2 women gymnastics. On bars, the back hip circle is usually performed in combination with a . To perform the skill, the rests on the bar in a . He casts away, returns to the bar, and travels around it, returning to a front support. A more advanced version of the back hip circle is the clear hip. In this move, the gymnast still circles backwards around the bar, but does not return to a front support. A clear hip can be linked to a handstand, dismount or release move. On beam, the and the Teza both end in back hip circles.

wit-train-topic-004905005

projected-04036688-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitetet%20metro%20station

Universitetet metro station

Introduction

Universitetet ("the University") is a station in the area, close to (Stockholms universitet), and the . It was opened on 12 January 1975 as the northern terminus of the extension from . On 29 January 1978, the line was extended north to . Since the 1990s, the art on the station consists of tiles featuring and the . This artwork is by Belgian and Parisian artist . The station includes 12 large tiles panels all dedicated to the travels of Linné around the Baltic. The artist used the travels as the starting point to develop the theme of nature and the ecological problems we are all living now in the world. The work was created in Lisbon on azulejos tiles, then brought to Stockholm. It represents in its conception and its production a real European work of art. Not far from the station is the and several bus lines.

wit-train-topic-000230778

projected-04036691-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya%20Pedersen-Bieri

Maya Pedersen-Bieri

Introduction

Maya Pedersen-Bieri (born 27 November 1972 in ) is a - who has competed since 1995. She won the gold medal in the women's skeleton event at the in . She retired from the sport in 2010 before returning to compete for Norway (the country of her husband and coach, ) in 2016, becoming at the oldest woman to start a World Cup race when she returned to the top level of skeleton in 2017. She is listed in the athlete registration system as Maya Pedersen. Born in , Switzerland, Pedersen-Bieri is married to (who is her trainer), has two children, both of her children are females and lives in near , .

wit-train-topic-000772111

projected-04036703-004

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lime%20mortar

Lime mortar

Non-hydraulic lime

Lime mortar or torching is composed of and an such as , mixed with water. The ancient Egyptians were the first to use lime s, which they used to plaster their s. In addition, the Egyptians also incorporated various limes into their religious temples as well as their homes. Indian traditional structures built with lime mortar, which are more than 4,000 years old like is still a heritage monument of Indus valley civilization in . It is one of the oldest known types of mortar also used in and , when it largely replaced the and mortars common to ancient Egyptian construction. With the introduction of during the 19th century, the use of lime mortar in new constructions gradually declined. This was largely due to the ease of use of Portland cement, its quick setting, and high compressive strength. However, the soft and porous properties of lime mortar provide certain advantages when working with softer s such as and . For this reason, while Portland cement continues to be commonly used in new and construction, in the repair and of brick and stone-built structures originally built using lime mortar, the use of Portland cement is not recommended. Despite its enduring utility over many centuries, lime mortar's effectiveness as a building material has not been well understood; time-honoured practices were based on tradition, folklore and trade knowledge, vindicated by the vast number of old buildings that remain standing. Only during the last few decades has empirical testing provided a scientific understanding of its remarkable durability. Both professionals and do-it-yourself home owners can purchase lime putty mortar (and have their historical mortar matched for both color and content) by companies that specialize in historical preservation and sell pre-mixed mortar in small batches.

Non-hydraulic lime is primarily composed of (generally greater than 95%) , Ca(OH)2. Non-hydraulic lime is produced by first heating sufficiently pure calcium carbonate to between 954° and 1066 °C, driving off to produce quicklime (). This is done in a . The quicklime is then slaked: hydrated by being thoroughly mixed with enough water to form a slurry (lime putty), or with less water to produce dry powder. This hydrated lime (calcium hydroxide) naturally turns back into calcium carbonate by reacting with carbon dioxide in the air, the entire process being called the lime cycle. The slaking process involved in creating a lime putty is an reaction which initially creates a liquid of a creamy consistency. This is then matured for 2 to 3 months—depending upon environmental conditions—to allow time for it to condense and mature into a lime putty. A matured lime putty is , meaning that when a lime putty is agitated it changes from a putty into a more liquid state. This aids its use for s as it makes a mortar easier to work with. If left to stand following agitation a lime putty will slowly revert from a thick liquid to a putty state. As well as calcium-based limestone, limes can be produced which are based on . A frequent source of confusion regarding lime mortar stems from the similarity of the terms hydraulic and hydrated. Hydrated lime is any lime other than quicklime, and can refer to either hydraulic (hardens under water) or non-hydraulic (does not harden under water) lime. Lime putty is always non-hydraulic and will keep indefinitely stored under water. As the name suggests, lime putty is in the form of a made from just lime and water. If the quicklime is slaked with an excess of water then putty or slurry is produced. If just the right quantity of water is used, the result is a dry material (any excess water escaping as steam during heating). This is ground to make hydrated lime powder. Hydrated, non-hydraulic lime powder can be mixed with water to form lime putty. Before use putty is usually left in the absence of carbon dioxide (usually under water) to mature. Putty can be matured for as little as 24 hours or for many years; an increased maturation time improves the quality of the putty. There is an argument that a lime putty which has been matured for an extended period (over 12 months) becomes so stiff that it is difficult to work. There is some dispute as to the comparative quality of putty formed from dry hydrated lime compared with that produced as putty at the time of slaking. It is generally agreed that the latter is preferable. A hydrated lime will produce a material which is not as "fatty”, being a common trade term for compounds have a smoother buttery texture when worked. Often, due to lengthy and poor storage, the resulting lime produced by hydrated lime will exhibit longer carbonatation periods as well as lower compressive strengths. Non-hydraulic lime takes longer to set and is weaker than hydraulic lime, and should not be allowed to freeze before it is well set. Although the setting process can be slow, the drying time of a lime mortar must be regulated at a slow rate to ensure a good final set. A rapidly dried lime mortar will result in a low-strength, poor-quality final mortar often displaying shrinkage cracks. In practice, lime mortars are often protected from direct sunlight and wind with damp sheeting or sprayed with water to control the drying rates. But it also has the quality of autogeneous healing (self healing) where some free lime dissolves in water and is redeposited in any tiny cracks which form. Oyster Shell Mortar In the tidewater region of Maryland and Virginia, oyster shells were used to produce quicklime during the colonial period. Similar to other materials used to produce lime, the oyster shells are burned. This can be done in a lime rick instead of a kiln. Burning shells in a rick is something that and the recreation of have had to develop from conjecture and in-the-field learning. The rick that they constructed consists of logs set up in a circle that burn slowly, converting oysters that are contained in the wood pile to an ashy powder. An explanatory video of how the rick was built for the Ferry Farm can be found here. The burnt shell can then be and turned into lime putty. Mortars using oyster shells can sometimes be identified by the presence of small bits of shell in the exposed mortar joint. In restoration masonry, the bits of shell are sometimes exaggerated to give the viewer the impression of authenticity. Unfortunately, these modern attempts often contain higher than necessary ratios of . This can cause failures in the brick if the mortar joint is stronger than the brick elements.

wit-train-topic-003293612

projected-04036703-009

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lime%20mortar

Lime mortar

Lime with Portland cement

Lime mortar or torching is composed of and an such as , mixed with water. The ancient Egyptians were the first to use lime s, which they used to plaster their s. In addition, the Egyptians also incorporated various limes into their religious temples as well as their homes. Indian traditional structures built with lime mortar, which are more than 4,000 years old like is still a heritage monument of Indus valley civilization in . It is one of the oldest known types of mortar also used in and , when it largely replaced the and mortars common to ancient Egyptian construction. With the introduction of during the 19th century, the use of lime mortar in new constructions gradually declined. This was largely due to the ease of use of Portland cement, its quick setting, and high compressive strength. However, the soft and porous properties of lime mortar provide certain advantages when working with softer s such as and . For this reason, while Portland cement continues to be commonly used in new and construction, in the repair and of brick and stone-built structures originally built using lime mortar, the use of Portland cement is not recommended. Despite its enduring utility over many centuries, lime mortar's effectiveness as a building material has not been well understood; time-honoured practices were based on tradition, folklore and trade knowledge, vindicated by the vast number of old buildings that remain standing. Only during the last few decades has empirical testing provided a scientific understanding of its remarkable durability. Both professionals and do-it-yourself home owners can purchase lime putty mortar (and have their historical mortar matched for both color and content) by companies that specialize in historical preservation and sell pre-mixed mortar in small batches.

The combination of Portland cement and lime is used for stabilization and solidification of the ground through establishing of lime cement columns or stabilization of the entire upper mass volume. The method provides an increase in strength when it comes to vibrations, stability and settling. When building e.g. roads and railways, the method is more common and widespread (Queen Eufemias street in Central Oslo, E18 at Tønsberg etc.). For preservation purposes, Type N and Type O mortars are often used. A Type N mortar is 1 part Portland, 1 part Lime and 6 parts sand or other aggregate (1:1:6). A Type O mortar is 1 part Portland, 2 parts Lime and 9 parts sand or other aggregate (1:2:9). Straight lime mortar has no Portland, and 1 part Lime to 3 parts sand or other aggregate. The addition of cement or other to decrease cure times is referred to as “gauging.” Other than Portland, ash and brick dust have been used to gauge mortars. For historic restoration purposes, and restoration work involving repointing or brick replacement, masons must discover the original brick and mortar and repair it with a similar material. The National Park Service provides guidance for proper masonry repointing through Preservation Brief 2. In general, Brief 2 suggests that should be done with a similar or weaker mortar. Therefore, a straight lime mortar joint should be repointed in kind. Due to the popularity of Portland cement, this often is not the case. A wall system needs a balance between the mortar and brick that allows the mortar to be the weak part of the unit. When mortar is stronger than the brick, it prevents any natural movement in the wall and the faces of the brick will begin to deteriorate, a process known as ing, the process by which the outer face of a brick degrades and can flake off or turn to powder. There is also a natural movement of water through a masonry wall. A strong Portland cement mix will prevent a free flow of water from a moist to dry area. This can cause to be trapped within the wall and create system failures. If moisture can not escape into the air, it will cause damage to a wall structure. Water freezing in the wall is another cause of spalling. In restoration work of pre-20th century structures, there should be a high ratio of lime and aggregate to Portland. This reduces the compressive strength of the mortar but allows the wall system to function better. The lime mortar acts as a wick that helps to pull water from the brick. This can help to prevent the older brick from spalling. Even when the brick is a modern, harder element, repointing with a higher ratio lime mortar may help to reduce rising damp. It may not be advisable for all consumers to use a straight lime mortar. With no Portland in the mix, there is less control over the setting of the mortar. In some cases, a freeze thaw cycle will be enough to create failure in the mortar joint. Straight lime mortar can also take a long time to fully cure and therefore work needs to be performed at a time of year where the weather conditions are conducive to the mortar setting properly. Those conditions are not only above freezing temperatures but also drier seasons. To protect the slow curing mortar from damp, a can be added to the surface. With historic structures, this may be a controversial strategy as it could have a detrimental effect to the historic fabric. The presence of Portland allows for a more stable mortar. The stability and predictability make the mixed mortar more user friendly, particularly in applications where entire wall sections are being laid. Contractors and designers may prefer mixes that contain Portland due to the increased compressive strength over a straight lime mortar. As many pre-Portland mix buildings are still standing and have original mortar, the arguments for greater compressive strength and ease of use may be more a result of current practice and a lack of understanding of older techniques.

wit-train-topic-001974529

projected-04036711-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul-%C3%89mile%20Victor

Paul-Émile Victor

Introduction

Paul-Émile Victor (born Paul Eugène Victor; 28 June 1907 – 7 March 1995) was a French and . Victor was born in , Switzerland to parents of n and descent. He graduated from in 1928. In 1931, he learned how to fly with his instructor and friend, . In 1936, he led an expedition traversing Greenland by dog-sled. Victor, Robert Gessain, Michel Perez, and completed the 825 km from in the west to in the east in 44 days. During World War II, he engaged himself in the US Air Forces. After the War, he initiated the Expéditions polaires françaises to organize French polar expeditions. He died in 1995 on , to which he had retired in 1977. A survey led by Victor in 1951 concluded that, under the ice sheet, is composed of three large islands. In 1952 he was awarded the by the of London for the work. , in the of , is named for him. His son, , stars in the weekly geopolitical show on until December 2016.

wit-train-topic-002677858

projected-04036739-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp%20Schoch

Philipp Schoch

Introduction

Philipp Schoch (born 10 October 1979) is a . He won a gold medal in the Parallel Giant Slalom at the . At the , he faced his brother in the . Philipp raced away to an unassailable 0.88 second lead in the first leg of the final, retaining his Olympic crown. He is the first snowboarder to win two gold medals in the Winter Olympics. At the world championships, he won two silver medals in the slalom events in 2007.

wit-train-topic-000083918

projected-04036763-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moholy-Nagy%20University%20of%20Art%20and%20Design

Moholy-Nagy University of Art and Design

Introduction

The Moholy-Nagy University of Art and Design (in Hungarian: Moholy-Nagy Művészeti Egyetem, MOME), former Hungarian University of Arts and Design, is located in , Hungary. Named after , the university offers programs in art, architecture, designer and visual communication.

wit-train-topic-004586881

projected-04036763-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moholy-Nagy%20University%20of%20Art%20and%20Design

Moholy-Nagy University of Art and Design

History

The Moholy-Nagy University of Art and Design (in Hungarian: Moholy-Nagy Művészeti Egyetem, MOME), former Hungarian University of Arts and Design, is located in , Hungary. Named after , the university offers programs in art, architecture, designer and visual communication.

The predecessor of the Moholy-Nagy University of Art and Design, the , was founded in 1880 and operated under this name until 1944. Like other , it evolved from a handicraft industry school, the Model Drawing School. Its founder and first director, declared the ‘educational support of a more artistic wood and furniture industry’ the aim of the new institution. The spirit of the school was fundamentally influenced by the of , as well as by Hungarian . At first there was only one department, in which architectural drawing and design were taught. and classes started in 1883, while decorative painting and classes began in 1884. The decorative sculpture class, uniting small sculpture and , was established in 1885. In 1896, the school, which had been scattered in different parts of Budapest, moved to the new , and came under the directorship of . The number of registered students at that time was 120. The idea of converting the school into a college arose in the early 1940s, but the rigours of the war years prevented any steps from being taken. Following the repair of damage suffered in the Second World War, teaching resumed in March 1945, and preparations to reorganise the school continued. In 1946 the ministry decided to elevate the school’s rank; thus the College of Arts and Crafts was established. In 1950 there were already six degree courses, and the number of students in 1952 rose to 280. In 1954 parts of the College moved to the present location in i Street, but some of the workshops remained in the Kinizsi Street annex of the Museum of Applied Arts. In 1955 another reorganisation occurred: with the termination of the course, four degree courses remained: , decorative painting, decorative sculpture and . The degree course was initiated in 1959. The appointment of to the head of the College in 1964 ushered in a new era of reforms, coinciding with the growing appreciation of the social role of s. In 1971 the College was granted university rank, but remained a college in name. In 1982, under , a new series of reforms were introduced: the departments were changed into institutes, allowing students to earn college and university degrees in the incremental educational system. In the mid-1980s, the range of courses was extended with the establishment of , video and courses. The official gallery of the College, Tölgyfa Galéra, opened its doors to the public in Henger Street in 1987. With the appointment of the renowned ceramic artist to the head of the College, uniform university training was introduced, and the departments were re-established. In 1997, because of economic restrictions, the structure of the institution was modified again. The University was accredited in 1998. Since 1999, textile designer Judit Droppa has served as president of the University. In 2002 a far-reaching development plan was devised, the first phase calling for the removal of the Tölgyfa Gallery from Henger Street and the renovation of the main building of the University in the same year. The current rector of the University is József Fülöp. In March 2006 the Hungarian University of Arts and Design announced its new name as Moholy-Nagy University of Art and Design.

wit-train-topic-000650511

projected-04036766-002

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiva%20Purana

Shiva Purana

Different manuscripts

The Shiva Purana is one of eighteen major texts of the genre of texts in , and part of the literature corpus. It primarily revolves around the Hindu god and goddess , but references and reveres all gods. The Shiva Purana asserts that it once consisted of 100,000 verses set out in twelve s (Books), however the Purana adds that it was abridged by Sage Vyasa before being taught to Romaharshana. The surviving manuscripts exist in many different versions and content, with one major version with seven books (traced to South India), another with six books, while the third version traced to the medieval region of the with no books but two large sections called Purva-Khanda (Previous Section) and Uttara-Khanda (Later Section). The two versions that include books, title some of the books same and others differently. The Shiva Purana, like other Puranas in Hindu literature, was likely a living text, which was routinely edited, recast and revised over a long period of time. The oldest manuscript of surviving texts was likely composed, estimates , around 10th- to 11th-century CE. Some chapters of currently surviving Shiva Purana manuscripts were likely composed after the 14th-century. The Shiva Purana contains chapters with Shiva-centered , , relationship between Gods, ethics, , tirtha (pilgrimage) sites, bhakti, rivers and geography, and other topics. The text is an important source of historic information on different types and theology behind Shaivism in early 2nd-millennium CE. The oldest surviving chapters of the Shiva Purana have significant philosophy, which is mixed in with theistic elements of . In the 19th and 20th century, the was sometimes titled as Shiva Purana, and sometimes proposed as a part of the complete Shiva Purana. With the discovery of more manuscripts, modern scholarship considers the two texts as different, with Vayu Purana as the more older text composed sometime before the 2nd-century CE. Some scholars list it as a Mahapurana, while some state it is an Upapurana.

Several s of this text exist. The Bombay 1884 manuscript recension published by the Vangavasi Press, in 1896 consists of six s (sections): The second manuscript of Shiva Purana published in 1906, reprinted in 1965, by the Pandita Pustakalaya, consists of seven s: According to a passage found in the first chapters of and of these recensions the original Shiva Purana comprised twelve s, which included five lost s: , (or ), , and (or ). The number of verses in these sections were as follows: Vidyeshvara Samhita - 10,000 Rudra Samhita - 8,000 Vainayaka Samhita - 8,000 Uma Samhita - 8,000 Matri Samhita - 8,000 Rudraikadasha Samhita - 13,000 Kailasa Samhita - 6,000 Shatarudra Samhita - 3,000 Sahasrakotirudra Samhita - 11,000 Kotirudra Samhita - 9,000 Vayaviya Samhita - 4,000 Dharma Samhita - 12,000 Several other s are also ascribed to the . These are the , the , the , the and the . Haraprasad Shastri mentioned in the Notices of Sanskrit MSS IV, pp. 220–3, Nos, 298–299 about another manuscript of the , which is divided into Two Khandas (Parts), the and the . The consists 3270 s in 51 chapters written in Nagari script and the has 45 chapters written in Oriya script. It was preserved in Mahimprakash Brahmachari Matha in . The of this manuscript is same as the of the Vangavasi Press Edition.

wit-train-topic-001627443

projected-04036791-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prazepam

Prazepam

Introduction

Prazepam is a developed by Warner-Lambert in the 1960s. It possesses , , and properties. Prazepam is a for which is responsible for the therapeutic effects of prazepam.

wit-train-topic-001106678

projected-04036803-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avondale%20Agricultural%20Research%20Station

Avondale Agricultural Research Station

Introduction

Avondale Agricultural Research Station or Avondale Discovery Farm is one of thirteen research s and operated by Western Australia's . In addition to its research, Avondale has historical buildings, a farming equipment museum and operates as an agriculture education centre specialising in introducing children to farming, and teaching of its history in . Avondale is situated on land where the joins the northwest of . It is located on land originally granted to the first , Captain (later Admiral Sir) and Captain in 1836. These grants were combined in 1849 and with additional land purchases they became known as Avondale Estate, expanding to in excess of . On 4 April 1924 the remaining of Avondale were passed on to the Department of Agriculture and Food. Initially Avondale continued its involvement with the , it was not until 1926 that research activities commenced. During the 1930s it was to be the laboratory for Dr successful research into . As part of a machinery museum was built and the other buildings were restored to original condition. Today, Avondale is managed by the and is open to the public at varying times throughout the year.

wit-train-topic-002318577

projected-04036803-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avondale%20Agricultural%20Research%20Station

Avondale Agricultural Research Station

Early farm years

Avondale Agricultural Research Station or Avondale Discovery Farm is one of thirteen research s and operated by Western Australia's . In addition to its research, Avondale has historical buildings, a farming equipment museum and operates as an agriculture education centre specialising in introducing children to farming, and teaching of its history in . Avondale is situated on land where the joins the northwest of . It is located on land originally granted to the first , Captain (later Admiral Sir) and Captain in 1836. These grants were combined in 1849 and with additional land purchases they became known as Avondale Estate, expanding to in excess of . On 4 April 1924 the remaining of Avondale were passed on to the Department of Agriculture and Food. Initially Avondale continued its involvement with the , it was not until 1926 that research activities commenced. During the 1930s it was to be the laboratory for Dr successful research into . As part of a machinery museum was built and the other buildings were restored to original condition. Today, Avondale is managed by the and is open to the public at varying times throughout the year.

In November 1835, an expedition led by Governor James Stirling joined another party led by the Surveyor General in . Roe had made arrangement for both parties to return to the via an alternative route. The route was intended to join the settlements of King George Sound, and the Swan River Colony along with the newly established settlement of . This expedition passed through the area of Avondale sighting the and a granite hill that Roe name Bald Hill on 27 December. Bald Hill was to become the primary reference point for surveying the region. In 1836, the surveyor returned to area and used Bald Hill as the principal trigonometric reference. Watson was to map out a number of lots in the area including the western boundary for Beverley town site. Two of the lots surveyed were Avon location 14 with , and Avon location K with ; location 14 was given to Captain Mark Currie, Fremantle Harbour Master, while location K was given to Stirling. Stirling as Governor and Currie as harbour master were not paid salaries by the colony but given land grants as compensation for their services. In 1978, surveyors using current equipment were engaged to determine the exact location of these original holdings, and commented on the remarkable accuracy of Watson's survey 142 years before. Currie sold his grant of land to a in September 1838 for £330. Carey entered into a lease agreement in December with Governor Stirling for his grant, which included Carey purchasing the property at the end of the lease for £750 in 1846. Carey also purchased to west of location 14 he also received an additional grant of land in 1849. With all the land in the vee formed by the and the Dale River the property was now in size and was named Avondale Estate. During the late 1840s Carey moved to leaving Avondale to be operated by an unknown caretaker. Upon Carey's death in March 1889, Avondale was inherited by his 16-year-old . deLisle arrived and took up residence there in 1893, and assumed the land title in 1894. Avondale had been a pastoral property until deLisle's arrival, over the next ten years sections of the estate were sold off to fund its development. During this period, the house was expanded and the stable built, which included 20 horse stalls with hollow walls and an overhead loft. The hollow walls enable feed from the loft to gravitate directly to the feed bins in each stall. The remaining were sold to and in 1904. The brothers purchased adjoining properties adding which enlarged Avondale to . In 1908 they offered to sell Avondale to the Western Australian Government for £5/10/- per acre. The Government countered with an offer of £5/5/- per acre, which was accepted. Avondale was purchased in March 1910 under the Agricultural Land Purchase act for a total of £51,494/12/6, equivalent to approximately 5,500,000 in 2006.

wit-train-topic-002538982

projected-04036803-002

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avondale%20Agricultural%20Research%20Station

Avondale Agricultural Research Station

1910 to 1924

Avondale Agricultural Research Station or Avondale Discovery Farm is one of thirteen research s and operated by Western Australia's . In addition to its research, Avondale has historical buildings, a farming equipment museum and operates as an agriculture education centre specialising in introducing children to farming, and teaching of its history in . Avondale is situated on land where the joins the northwest of . It is located on land originally granted to the first , Captain (later Admiral Sir) and Captain in 1836. These grants were combined in 1849 and with additional land purchases they became known as Avondale Estate, expanding to in excess of . On 4 April 1924 the remaining of Avondale were passed on to the Department of Agriculture and Food. Initially Avondale continued its involvement with the , it was not until 1926 that research activities commenced. During the 1930s it was to be the laboratory for Dr successful research into . As part of a machinery museum was built and the other buildings were restored to original condition. Today, Avondale is managed by the and is open to the public at varying times throughout the year.

Even though the Butcher brothers' farming operations continued until January 1911, the government began preparations for subdivision. John Hall was sent to Avondale in April 1910 to locate all improvements and draw subdivision lines following existing fencing where possible. His arrival sparked considerable controversy, because not only had he set up camp on the golf course but the golf club also had leased of Avondale that joined the edge of town. Investigations found that the lease was terminated when the land was sold. Hall divided Avondale into nine substantial size farms whose boundaries have remained unchanged since, the that had been occupied by the golf course was made into small lots which have since been further subdivided. Lands Department accountants calculated that the sale of the lots would return £8,768/3/3 after expenses, and the estate was gazetted and land made available on 21 December 1910. Of the nine substantial lots only four were taken up as settlers were unable to pay the £6 per acre price. Lot 1 was taken up by George Hancock, the father of mining magnate , and George's brother Richard took up Lot 2. Lot 13 was taken up by G.W. Isbister, and Lot 4 was taken up by former Premier , who then proceeded to London with the plans. As Newton was to offer to prospective settlers lots at Avondale, although a number telegram inquiries to ascertain availability of lots at Avondale were sent, there is no record any lots being allocated in London. As none of the remaining 5 substantial lots had been taken up by November 1911, it was suggested that 4 of those remaining be used for an Agricultural College with the Lands Department responsible for continuing to farm the remaining lots. This left one lot known as Drumclyer available, in 1914 a farmer tried to lease Drumclyer after losing his property there from drought, but was unable to negotiate an acceptable rate. In December, the Hancock brothers had abandoned lots 1 & 2, Isbister had also abandoned Lot 13, although it is not known exactly when, leaving only the of Lot 4 in private hands. With the outbreak of the Agricultural College plans were abandoned as well. Near the end of 1916, the Beverley community requested that Avondale be subdivided into 20 lots for returning soldiers. It was also suggested that Avondale be a nursery where soldiers are given small allotments and those that succeed are then given larger grants elsewhere in the state. In July 1918, it was decided that Avondale would have 6 lots made available for servicemen from the Beverley area and that which included the area around the homestead was to remain under control of the Lands Department.

wit-train-topic-002323315

projected-04036803-004

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avondale%20Agricultural%20Research%20Station

Avondale Agricultural Research Station

Research

Avondale Agricultural Research Station or Avondale Discovery Farm is one of thirteen research s and operated by Western Australia's . In addition to its research, Avondale has historical buildings, a farming equipment museum and operates as an agriculture education centre specialising in introducing children to farming, and teaching of its history in . Avondale is situated on land where the joins the northwest of . It is located on land originally granted to the first , Captain (later Admiral Sir) and Captain in 1836. These grants were combined in 1849 and with additional land purchases they became known as Avondale Estate, expanding to in excess of . On 4 April 1924 the remaining of Avondale were passed on to the Department of Agriculture and Food. Initially Avondale continued its involvement with the , it was not until 1926 that research activities commenced. During the 1930s it was to be the laboratory for Dr successful research into . As part of a machinery museum was built and the other buildings were restored to original condition. Today, Avondale is managed by the and is open to the public at varying times throughout the year.

A originated in the Beverley- region in 1915. Over the next 15 years it spread across most of the state's farming districts. Flock losses generally were around 5% though there were reported cases of 30% loss. In 1918 Professor of the identified the disease as a of l origin but was unable to establish the source. Dr was appointed the state's first veterinary pathologist in May 1925. Bennetts commenced an immediate investigation into the disease, using alleyways and open space around the department's city offices to house the sheep needed for the research. In 1930 a field laboratory was built at Avondale; a flock of 1000 sheep were purchased to enable feed experiments. In 1931 Bennetts had identified as the cause of the disease. With this knowledge he was able to develop the infectious ; for his efforts Bennetts received a . The sheep populations that were required by Bennetts at Avondale also afforded additional research opportunities. From 1931 for several years experiments were conducted with the object of determining how to best produce prime export lambs. This investigated various breeds and cross breeds determining that cross-bred ewes where significantly more productive than pure-bred s. In 1934, Bennetts teamed with state botanist to study the toxic effect of native plants species on sheep. Gardner would collect the plants and supply them fresh to Bennetts who would then feed them to the sheep. They confirmed 24 species of plants as being poisonous, most which were from the native pea genera and . Based on this and later research, Gardner and Bennetts published The Toxic Plants of Western Australia in 1956. During 1935, investigations into the effects of male lambs with either mechanical pincers compared to using a knife, both of these methods have since been replaced with rubber elastrator rings. The experiment on 499 sheep concluded that no significant differences were observable in respect of mortality, maturity rates and meat quality. began his research at Avondale in the mid-1930s also utilising the sheep flocks. Underwood's initial research was into the effects of on wool growth, he followed that research with investigations into in sheep during 1935. These experiments were the first of many by Underwood over the next 30 years. During the 1940s he studied the of hay and pasture for sheep, the ongoing results from these Studies in Cereal Hay production in Western Australia were published in the Journal of Agriculture. During , Avondale farm provided research into farming of and in Western Australia, although it was not the most suitable location for growing either. Three varieties of Linseed were trialled: Riga Crown, an early maturing variety, Italian also early maturing and Walsh, a mid-season maturing variety. It was discovered that all were susceptible to with greater damage occurring later in the season; early trails of the was said to show promising results in combating this.

wit-train-topic-000518209

projected-04036803-005

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avondale%20Agricultural%20Research%20Station

Avondale Agricultural Research Station

Other efforts

Avondale Agricultural Research Station or Avondale Discovery Farm is one of thirteen research s and operated by Western Australia's . In addition to its research, Avondale has historical buildings, a farming equipment museum and operates as an agriculture education centre specialising in introducing children to farming, and teaching of its history in . Avondale is situated on land where the joins the northwest of . It is located on land originally granted to the first , Captain (later Admiral Sir) and Captain in 1836. These grants were combined in 1849 and with additional land purchases they became known as Avondale Estate, expanding to in excess of . On 4 April 1924 the remaining of Avondale were passed on to the Department of Agriculture and Food. Initially Avondale continued its involvement with the , it was not until 1926 that research activities commenced. During the 1930s it was to be the laboratory for Dr successful research into . As part of a machinery museum was built and the other buildings were restored to original condition. Today, Avondale is managed by the and is open to the public at varying times throughout the year.

In 1942 there was some pioneering in the development and use of s, the equipment required a team 4 horses or two Clydesdales, a and two labourers. Through the 1950s Avondale had monitored its sheep flocks as part of the research into strain of as a livestock feed and its effect on ewe fertility. On into the 1960s and 1970s Avondale was involved with the breeding and trial of various cereal crops for use within Western Australia. Since the early 1980s Avondale has focused on environmental and sustainable farming along with farm income supplemental alternatives like farming. Avondale like most Western Australian farms utilised horses and s in particular for pulling farming equipment. Farm economics of the 1930s meant that the Clydesdales weren't retired to enjoy the governments grassy paddocks. In 1937 a letter to the Agricultural minister details the disposal of horses that were no longer useful; The letter details how the is responsible for the freight and that the Minister had approved the transaction. Many Clydesdales were to follow the first two mares with the consignment note description "for lions food, freight payable by consignee". This practice continued until well into the 1950s until tractors replaced the use of horses in farming. Since the opening of the museum in 1978 Avondale again utilised Clydesdales for demonstrations of the old equipment these horse are sold as pets once they are incapable of working.

wit-train-topic-000972402

projected-04036803-006

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avondale%20Agricultural%20Research%20Station

Avondale Agricultural Research Station

1976 to present

Avondale Agricultural Research Station or Avondale Discovery Farm is one of thirteen research s and operated by Western Australia's . In addition to its research, Avondale has historical buildings, a farming equipment museum and operates as an agriculture education centre specialising in introducing children to farming, and teaching of its history in . Avondale is situated on land where the joins the northwest of . It is located on land originally granted to the first , Captain (later Admiral Sir) and Captain in 1836. These grants were combined in 1849 and with additional land purchases they became known as Avondale Estate, expanding to in excess of . On 4 April 1924 the remaining of Avondale were passed on to the Department of Agriculture and Food. Initially Avondale continued its involvement with the , it was not until 1926 that research activities commenced. During the 1930s it was to be the laboratory for Dr successful research into . As part of a machinery museum was built and the other buildings were restored to original condition. Today, Avondale is managed by the and is open to the public at varying times throughout the year.

In 1976, as part of the preparations for , the Department of Agriculture decided to restore the historic Avondale farm to its original state to display the achievements of Western Australian farmers. In response to the announcement, farmers from around the state responded generously with donations of old machinery and equipment. Most of this machinery was restored by Department of Agriculture mechanics. In 1978 an invitation to visit and open Avondale's agricultural displays was sent to , this was accepted and on 16 March 1979 Avondale was officially opened with commemorative tree planting near the entrance to the farm. The farm continues its research into improving farming and farm practices under Western Australian conditions. Avondale's displays are open to the public with picnic facilities available, included in the displays are the original homestead, the stables complete with s and a machinery shed. There is also road maintained around the farm with information boards on each paddock explaining its current usage.

wit-train-topic-003833604

projected-04036808-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Barwon

Electoral district of Barwon

History

Barwon is an of the in the Australian state of . It is represented by of . Covering roughly 44% of the land mass of , Barwon is by far the state's largest electoral district. It includes the local government areas of , , , , , , , , , , , , the as well as the large surrounding .

Barwon was originally created in 1894, when it along with , replaced . In 1904, with the downsizing of the Legislative Assembly after , Gwydir was recreated and Moree and Barwon were abolished. In 1927, with the breakup of the three-member , it was recreated. Originally a marginal seat that traded hands between the and the conservative parties, it was considered a safe seat for the who held it without interruption from 1950 until 2019, when it was won by the .

wit-train-topic-000129352

projected-04036874-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collar-and-elbow

Collar-and-elbow

Introduction

Collar-and-elbow wrestling (: Coiléar agus Uille or Brollaidheacht) is a style of native to . Historically it has also been practised in regions of the world with large Irish diaspora populations, such as the and .

wit-train-topic-000712451

projected-04036874-010

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collar-and-elbow

Collar-and-elbow

Modern revival

Collar-and-elbow wrestling (: Coiléar agus Uille or Brollaidheacht) is a style of native to . Historically it has also been practised in regions of the world with large Irish diaspora populations, such as the and .

In August 2019, a series of Collar and Elbow bouts were held in , Germany. The ruleset for these bouts included several modifications to ensure compatibility with a modern tournament format. Most notably, individual bouts were limited to a maximum of 5 minutes' duration, in contrast to historical Collar and Elbow bouts which were entirely open-ended and routinely lasted several hours. Subsequently, matches based on the same modern ruleset have been held in the United States.

wit-train-topic-004877348

projected-04036875-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lois%20Duncan

Lois Duncan

Introduction

Lois Duncan Steinmetz (April 28, 1934 – June 15, 2016), known as Lois Duncan, was an American writer, novelist, poet, and journalist. She is best known for her s, and has been credited by historians as a pioneering figure in the development of young-adult fiction, particularly in the genres of , , and . The daughter of professional photographers Lois and , Duncan began writing at a young age, publishing two early novels under the Lois Kerry. Several of her novels, including (1971), (1973), (1976), and the controversial (1978), have been adapted into films. In addition to her novels and children's books, Duncan published several collections of poetry and nonfiction, including (1992), which detailed the 1989 unsolved murder of Duncan's teenaged daughter, Kaitlyn. She received the 1992 from the for her contribution to writing for teens. After her daughter's murder, Duncan distanced herself from the thriller and horror genres, shifting her focus to picture books and novels aimed for young children. Her last published work, a sequel to Who Killed My Daughter? titled One to the Wolves, was published in 2013.

wit-train-topic-003715952

projected-04036875-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lois%20Duncan

Lois Duncan

Early life

Lois Duncan Steinmetz (April 28, 1934 – June 15, 2016), known as Lois Duncan, was an American writer, novelist, poet, and journalist. She is best known for her s, and has been credited by historians as a pioneering figure in the development of young-adult fiction, particularly in the genres of , , and . The daughter of professional photographers Lois and , Duncan began writing at a young age, publishing two early novels under the Lois Kerry. Several of her novels, including (1971), (1973), (1976), and the controversial (1978), have been adapted into films. In addition to her novels and children's books, Duncan published several collections of poetry and nonfiction, including (1992), which detailed the 1989 unsolved murder of Duncan's teenaged daughter, Kaitlyn. She received the 1992 from the for her contribution to writing for teens. After her daughter's murder, Duncan distanced herself from the thriller and horror genres, shifting her focus to picture books and novels aimed for young children. Her last published work, a sequel to Who Killed My Daughter? titled One to the Wolves, was published in 2013.

Lois Duncan Steinmetz was born on April 28, 1934, in , Pennsylvania, the first child of Lois Duncan (née Foley) and . Duncan had one younger brother, William Janney "Billy" Steinmetz. Both of Duncan's parents were professional magazine s, who took photos for the . She spent her early life in Pennsylvania, relocating in her late childhood to , where her parents resumed their employment as circus photographers. In Florida, she spent her youth among circus performers, including . Her experience growing up in this environment eventually served as the basis of her picture books The Circus Comes Home (1993) and Song of the Circus (2002). Duncan described herself as a "shy, fat little girl," a "bookworm and dreamer", who spent her childhood playing in the woods. Duncan cited and and series among her favorite novels as a child. She started writing and submitting manuscripts to magazines at age 10, and sold her first story at the age of 13. At age 15, Duncan was photographed by her father posed at , and the photo appeared on the cover of the July 9, 1949, issue of magazine. She graduated from in 1952. The following autumn, she enrolled at , but dropped out in 1953 to start a family with Joseph Cardozo, a fellow student she had met at the university.

wit-train-topic-003865266

projected-04036875-003

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lois%20Duncan

Lois Duncan

Early publications

Lois Duncan Steinmetz (April 28, 1934 – June 15, 2016), known as Lois Duncan, was an American writer, novelist, poet, and journalist. She is best known for her s, and has been credited by historians as a pioneering figure in the development of young-adult fiction, particularly in the genres of , , and . The daughter of professional photographers Lois and , Duncan began writing at a young age, publishing two early novels under the Lois Kerry. Several of her novels, including (1971), (1973), (1976), and the controversial (1978), have been adapted into films. In addition to her novels and children's books, Duncan published several collections of poetry and nonfiction, including (1992), which detailed the 1989 unsolved murder of Duncan's teenaged daughter, Kaitlyn. She received the 1992 from the for her contribution to writing for teens. After her daughter's murder, Duncan distanced herself from the thriller and horror genres, shifting her focus to picture books and novels aimed for young children. Her last published work, a sequel to Who Killed My Daughter? titled One to the Wolves, was published in 2013.

After dropping out of college, Duncan continued to write and publish magazine articles; she wrote over 300 articles published in magazines such as , , , , and . She published her first novel, , in 1958 under the Lois Kerry, followed by Debutante Hill in 1959; the latter was initially rejected for a literary prize because it featured an adolescent character drinking a beer. In 1962, Duncan moved to , with her children after divorcing her first husband, Joseph Cardozo, and supported herself writing s and fictional confessionals for s. In 1966, she published the novel , detailing a group of students held captive on a school bus, which earned her an nomination, as well as marking her shift from romance to more suspense-oriented works. In the early 1970s, Duncan was hired to teach at the . "I was hired on a fluke," Duncan recalled in a 2011 interview: Her friend, who was the chair of the journalism department, hired her as a replacement based on her experience writing for magazines, despite the fact that she did not have a degree. While teaching, Duncan enrolled in classes at the university, earning her in English in 1977. In 1970, she published the , chronicling the life of , followed by the 1971 children's book Hotel for Dogs, which was later as a starring .

wit-train-topic-000893033

projected-04036895-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20III%2C%20Elector%20Palatine

Louis III, Elector Palatine

Introduction

Louis III () (23 January 1378 – 30 December 1436), was an of the Rhine from the in 1410–1436.

wit-train-topic-001409442

projected-04036895-002

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20III%2C%20Elector%20Palatine

Louis III, Elector Palatine

Family and children

Louis III () (23 January 1378 – 30 December 1436), was an of the Rhine from the in 1410–1436.

Louis III was married twice. Firstly, he married on 6 July 1402 (1392 – 21 May 1409), daughter of King and . They had one son Ruprecht (22 May 1406 – 20 May 1426). This marriage brought the into the hands of the Wittelsbach. Secondly, he married on 30 November 1417 , daughter of . They had five children: (7 March 1419 – 1 October 1482), married: in 1434 to Count in 1452 to Duke (1 January 1424 – 13 August 1449) (1 August 1425 – 12 December 1476) (27 February 1427 – 26 July 1480), of Margarete (ca. 1428 – 23 November 1466), a nun at

wit-train-topic-003143477

projected-04036969-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sankt%20Eriksplan

Sankt Eriksplan

Introduction

Sankt Eriksplan is a square in the district of in , Sweden.

wit-train-topic-002338941

projected-04036972-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanna%20Mezzogiorno

Giovanna Mezzogiorno

Introduction

Giovanna Mezzogiorno (; born 9 November 1974) is an Italian theatre and film actress.

wit-train-topic-001020534

projected-04036972-002

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanna%20Mezzogiorno

Giovanna Mezzogiorno

Career

Giovanna Mezzogiorno (; born 9 November 1974) is an Italian theatre and film actress.

In 1998, she starred in the film Del perduto amore directed by , with and (she was awarded the , the and as best actress in a starring role) and, for the Italian National Television Network , in a film made-for-TV Più leggero non basta ("A lighter burden to bear") in the role of a young girl with muscular dystrophy, directed by with . In 1999, she played the role of Silvia, daughter of Enzo Tortora by whose mistaken conviction the film was inspired. The film Un uomo perbene with Michele Placido and , was directed by . In that same year, she worked in Asini, directed by , with celebrated Italian comedian . In 2000, she travelled between and Paris for work in the TV miniseries , directed by , with and . She worked in Denmark in Nobel, directed by , with . In Italy, she worked with Puglielli in Tutta la conoscenza del mondo ("All There Is to Know"), and then, L'ultimo bacio ("The Last Kiss") directed by with Stefano Accorsi and (winning the ). With the success of this last movie Giovanna become really famous in Italy. In 2001, she worked in the film Malefemmene with and directed by , in the role of Francesca, who was imprisoned following a judicial error and came into contact with the reality of friendship and attachment which she had never imagined possible. She also worked on Stai con me, with and directed by , in the role of a mother of twins. In 2002, she worked on the set of - Il più crudele dei giorni, in the role of the protagonist, directed by (the film tells the tragic and dark story of the Italian TV journalist killed in ). She also starred in France in the Holocaust-period TV drama , directed by , with , and , based on 's best-seller. In Italy, she starred in the film La finestra di fronte ("Facing windows") directed by , costarring and . This film, critically acclaimed and a box office success, earned her a lot of awards: the , the , the , the by the Foreign Press, the , the as "Best Actress in a Leading Role". Lately, she starred in the film L’amore ritorna, directed by Sergio Rubini, costarring Fabrizio Bentivoglio and . She was also working in France, on the set of her first comedy: Au secours, j'ai 30 ans, directed by , with . Then, in 2004, Giovanna worked in the TV movie Virginia (La monaca di Monza), directed by . She then returned to the theatre, working with the director in 4.48 Psicosi, written by . In 2005, La bestia nel cuore ("Don't Tell"), directed by , was an Academy Award candidate for Best Foreign Language Film and earned Giovanna one of the most important international prizes for an actress: the , previously won by , , , and . Then in 2006, she acted in AD Project, a sci-fi thriller by , and acted in "Lezioni di Volo" ("Flying Lessons") by . In 2007, she became Leila, a sexy thief, in the Notturno Bus ("Night Bus"), directed by and starring and . She travelled to to become Fermina Daza, the principal female character from based on the book written by Nobel Prize winner and directed by (). After two films shot in 2008, Sono Viva and by , in 2009 she achieved great international success with by , selected for the official competition in Cannes and a solid candidate for the final award. She has voiced and produced a documentary to celebrate the career of her father Vittorio, 15 years after his sudden death in 1994. She was a member of the jury at the in May 2010. In January 2011, she was rewarded with the for her role in Vincere. In 2017, she appeared in a role of Adriana in a film called Napoli velata. She has two sons, Leone and Zeno, born 26 August 2011.

wit-train-topic-004020979

projected-04036973-014

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable%20tourism

Sustainable tourism

Sustainable transport and mobility

Sustainable tourism is a concept that covers the complete tourism experience, including concern for as well as attention to improving tourists' experiences and addressing the needs of host communities. Sustainable tourism should embrace concerns for environmental protection, social equity, and the quality of life, cultural diversity, and a dynamic, viable economy delivering jobs and prosperity for all. It has its roots in and there can be some confusion as to what "sustainable tourism" means. There is now broad consensus that tourism should be . In fact, all forms of tourism have the potential to be sustainable if planned, developed and managed properly. Tourist development organizations are promoting sustainable tourism practices in order to mitigate negative effects caused by the growing , for example its environmental impacts. The emphasized these practices by promoting sustainable tourism as part of the , through programs like the in 2017. There is a direct link between sustainable tourism and several of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Tourism for SDGs focuses on how ("decent work and economic growth"), ("responsible consumption and production") and ("life below water") implicate tourism in . According to the World Travel & Tourism Travel, tourism constituted "10.3 percent to the global gross domestic product, with international tourist arrivals hitting 1.5 billion marks (a growth of 3.5 percent) in 2019" and generated $1.7 trillion export earnings yet, improvements are expected to be gained from suitable management aspects and including sustainable tourism as part of a broader strategy.

Tourism can be related to for leisure, business and visiting friends and relatives and can also include means of related to tourism. Without travel there is no , so the concept of tourism is tightly linked to a concept of . Two relevant considerations are tourism's reliance on s and tourism's effect on . 72 percent of tourism's come from transportation, 24 percent from accommodations, and 4 percent from local activities. of those transportation CO2 emissions (or 40% of tourism's total). However, when considering the impact of all , of trails and induced s, aviation alone could account for up to 75% of tourism's climate impact. The (IATA) considers an annual increase in aviation of 2 percent per year through 2050 to be realistic. However, both and expect the passenger-kilometers of air transport to increase by about 5 percent yearly through at least 2020, overwhelming any efficiency gains. By 2050, with other economic sectors having greatly reduced their CO2 emissions, tourism is likely to be generating 40 percent of global carbon emissions. The main cause is an increase in the average distance traveled by tourists, which for many years has been increasing at a faster rate than the number of trips taken. "Sustainable transportation is now established as the critical issue confronting a global tourism industry that is palpably unsustainable, and aviation lies at the heart of this issue." The European Tourism Manifesto has also called for an acceleration in the development of to boost local clean energy travel. Deployment of non-motorized infrastructures and the re-use of abandoned transport infrastructure (such as disused railways) for cycling and walking has been proposed. Connectivity between these non-motorized routes (s, cycle routes) and main attractions nearby (i.e. sites, UNESCO sites, etc.) has also been requested. It has also called for sufficient and predictable rail infrastructure funding, and a focus on digital multimodal practices, including end-to-end ticketing (such as ), all of which are in-line with the . Global tourism accounts for about eight percent of global . This percentage takes into account as well as other are not always beneficial to local communities and their economies.

wit-train-topic-002723378

projected-04036995-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caustic%20Christ

Caustic Christ

History

Caustic Christ was an American crusty band from , , United States. They were on . The band is composed of vocalist GenEric Christ, guitarist Bill Christ, bassist Mistaken Ukla Von Upenstien, and drummer Archie Punker.

In late 2000, guitarist Bill Chamberlain (of Mankind?, The Pist, and React) quit React and moved from to Pittsburgh to start a band with guitarist/vocalist Eric Good and bassist Corey Lyons of . Together with drummer Ron Wingrove, they began to practice in Corey, Eric, and Bill's basement; played local shows and a few weekend tours; and recorded a demo. During that time, Aus-Rotten broke up and Chamberlain also formed Behind Enemy Lines with former Aus-Rotten vocalist Dave Trenga. In the spring of 2001, Wingrove was struck by a pickup truck while riding his bike in Pittsburgh and sustained brain damage. This left him unable to play drums for some time, and the band decided to replace him. Wingrove would later return to his hometown of , Pennsylvania, where he would participate in several bands. After a hiatus, drummer Greg Mairs (, Short Dark Strangers) joined the band. This was supposed to be a temporary solution while the band found another, less busy, drummer, but Mairs remained and became an integral part of the band. With Mairs, Caustic Christ recorded their first seven-inch record, which was released on Havoc Records, as were all of their subsequent releases. They toured the United States extensively with bands like and and were interviewed in , , , and numerous other s. In 2006, they toured Europe. Local favorites, the band performed frequently at , a venue then in , Pennsylvania. Caustic Christ disbanded following their last show, on May 5, 2009.. However, in 2015, the band reunited to play two shows as part of the annual Skull Fest in Pittsburgh. And in 2016, the band played a benefit in , for the family of Brandon Ferrell alongside Municipal Waste, Career Suicide, Night Birds, Blood Pressure, and a reunited Double Negative.

wit-train-topic-004953176

projected-04037035-003

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial%20locomotion

Terrestrial locomotion

Number of legs

Terrestrial locomotion has as s adapted from to environments. on land raises different problems than that in water, with reduced being replaced by the increased effects of . As viewed from , there are three basic forms of in the terrestrial environment: – moving by using s – moving without legs, primarily using the body itself as a propulsive structure. – rotating the body over the substrate Some s and permit or demand alternative locomotive styles. A sliding component to locomotion becomes possible on slippery surfaces (such as and ), where location is aided by , or on loose surfaces (such as or ), where friction is low but purchase (traction) is difficult. Humans, especially, have adapted to over terrestrial and terrestrial ice by means of , , and . Aquatic animals adapted to s, such as and also take advantage of the slipperiness of ice and snow as part of their locomotion repertoire. are known to take advantage of a slick known as a "beaver slide" over a short distance when passing from land into a lake or pond. Human locomotion in mud is improved through the use of . Some snakes use an unusual method of movement known as on sand or loose soil. Animals caught in terrestrial s are subject to involuntary locomotion; this may be beneficial to the distribution of species with limited locomotive range under their own power. There is less opportunity for on land than by sea or air, though () is available toward this end, as in all other s. Many species of and use a form of known as , with forelimbs as the prime mover. Some elements of the gymnastic sport of resemble brachiation, but most adult humans do not have the upper body strength required to sustain brachiation. Many other species of arboreal animal with tails will incorporate their tails into the locomotion repertoire, if only as a minor component of their s. Locomotion on irregular, steep surfaces require and known as . s are famed for navigating vertiginous mountainsides where the least misstep could lead to a fatal . Many species of animals must sometimes locomote while safely conveying their young. Most often this task is performed by adult females. Some species are specially adapted to conveying their young without occupying their limbs, such as with their special pouch. In other species, the young are carried on the mother's back, and the offspring have instinctual clinging behaviours. Many species incorporate specialized transportation behaviours as a component of their locomotion repertoire, such as the when rolling a ball of dung, which combines both rolling and limb-based elements. The remainder of this article focuses on the and distinctions involving terrestrial locomotion from the perspective.

The number of locomotory appendages varies much between animals, and sometimes the same animal may use different numbers of its legs in different circumstances. The best contender for movement is the , which while normally , hurls itself away from danger using its , a -like forked rod that can be rapidly unfurled from the underside of its body. A number of species move and stand on two legs, that is, they are . The group that is exclusively bipedal is the s, which have either an alternating or a hopping gait. There are also a number of bipedal s. Most of these move by hopping – including the s such as s and various jumping s. Only a few mammals such as s and the commonly show an alternating bipedal gait. In humans, alternating bipedalism is characterized by a bobbing motion, which is due to the utilization of gravity when falling forward. This form of bipedalism has demonstrated significant energy savings. es and some s may also run on their two hind legs. With the exception of the birds, terrestrial vertebrate groups with legs are mostly – the mammals, s, and the s usually move on four legs. There are many quadrupedal gaits. The most diverse group of animals on earth, the s, are included in a larger known as , most of which are hexapedal, walking and standing on six legs. Exceptions among the insects include es and s, which are quadrupeds with their front two legs modified for grasping, some such as the (blues and hairstreaks) which use only four legs, and some kinds of insect e that may have no legs (e.g., s), or additional s (e.g., s). s and many of their relatives move on eight legs – they are . However, some creatures move on many more legs. Terrestrial s may have a fair number – having fourteen legs. Also, as previously mentioned, some insect larvae such as caterpillars and larvae have up to five (caterpillars) or nine (sawflies) additional fleshy prolegs in addition to the six legs normal for insects. Some species of invertebrate have even more legs, the unusual having stubby legs under the length of its body, with around several dozen pairs of legs. have one pair of legs per body segment, with typically around 50 legs, but some species have over 200. The terrestrial animals with the most legs are the s. They have two pairs of legs per body segment, with common species having between 80 and 400 legs overall – with the rare species having up to 750 legs. Animals with many legs typically move them in , which gives the appearance of waves of motion travelling forward or backward along their rows of legs. Millipedes, caterpillars, and some small centipedes move with the leg waves travelling forward as they walk, while larger centipedes move with the leg waves travelling backward.

wit-train-topic-003881966

projected-04037035-005

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial%20locomotion

Terrestrial locomotion

Gaits

Terrestrial locomotion has as s adapted from to environments. on land raises different problems than that in water, with reduced being replaced by the increased effects of . As viewed from , there are three basic forms of in the terrestrial environment: – moving by using s – moving without legs, primarily using the body itself as a propulsive structure. – rotating the body over the substrate Some s and permit or demand alternative locomotive styles. A sliding component to locomotion becomes possible on slippery surfaces (such as and ), where location is aided by , or on loose surfaces (such as or ), where friction is low but purchase (traction) is difficult. Humans, especially, have adapted to over terrestrial and terrestrial ice by means of , , and . Aquatic animals adapted to s, such as and also take advantage of the slipperiness of ice and snow as part of their locomotion repertoire. are known to take advantage of a slick known as a "beaver slide" over a short distance when passing from land into a lake or pond. Human locomotion in mud is improved through the use of . Some snakes use an unusual method of movement known as on sand or loose soil. Animals caught in terrestrial s are subject to involuntary locomotion; this may be beneficial to the distribution of species with limited locomotive range under their own power. There is less opportunity for on land than by sea or air, though () is available toward this end, as in all other s. Many species of and use a form of known as , with forelimbs as the prime mover. Some elements of the gymnastic sport of resemble brachiation, but most adult humans do not have the upper body strength required to sustain brachiation. Many other species of arboreal animal with tails will incorporate their tails into the locomotion repertoire, if only as a minor component of their s. Locomotion on irregular, steep surfaces require and known as . s are famed for navigating vertiginous mountainsides where the least misstep could lead to a fatal . Many species of animals must sometimes locomote while safely conveying their young. Most often this task is performed by adult females. Some species are specially adapted to conveying their young without occupying their limbs, such as with their special pouch. In other species, the young are carried on the mother's back, and the offspring have instinctual clinging behaviours. Many species incorporate specialized transportation behaviours as a component of their locomotion repertoire, such as the when rolling a ball of dung, which combines both rolling and limb-based elements. The remainder of this article focuses on the and distinctions involving terrestrial locomotion from the perspective.

Animals show a vast range of s, the order that they place and lift their appendages in locomotion. Gaits can be grouped into categories according to their patterns of support sequence. For , there are three main categories: walking gaits, running gaits, and . In one system (relating to horses), there are 60 discrete patterns: 37 walking gaits, 14 running gaits, and 9 . is the most common gait, where some feet are on the ground at any given time, and found in almost all legged animals. In an informal sense, is considered to occur when at some points in the stride all feet are off the ground in a moment of suspension. Technically, however, moments of suspension occur in both running gaits (such as trot) and leaping gaits (such as canter and gallop). Gaits involving one or more moments of suspension can be found in many animals, and compared to walking they are faster but more energetically costly forms of locomotion. Animals will use different gaits for different speeds, terrain, and situations. For example, horses show four natural gaits, the slowest is the , then there are three faster gaits which, from slowest to fastest, are the , the , and the . Animals may also have unusual gaits that are used occasionally, such as for moving sideways or backwards. For example, the main are bipedal and , but they employ many other gaits occasionally, including a four-legged in tight spaces. In walking, and for many animals running, the motion of legs on either side of the body alternates, i.e. is out of phase. Other animals, such as a horse when galloping, or an , alternate between their front and back legs. In saltation (hopping) all legs move together, instead of alternating. As a main means of locomotion, this is usually found in bipeds, or semi-bipeds. Among the mammals saltation is commonly used among s and their relatives, s, s, s, , s, and s. Certain tendons in the hind legs of kangaroos are very , allowing kangaroos to effectively bounce along conserving energy from hop to hop, making saltation a very energy efficient way to move around in their nutrient poor environment. Saltation is also used by many small birds, s, s, , s, and (a small ic ). Most animals move in the direction of their head. However, there are some exceptions. s move sideways, and s, which live in tight tunnels and can move backward or forward with equal facility. can move backward much faster than they can move forward. is the study of gait in humans and other animals. This may involve videoing subjects with markers on particular anatomical landmarks and measuring the forces of their footfall using floor s (s). Skin s may also be used to measure activity.

wit-train-topic-001970869

projected-04037035-006

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial%20locomotion

Terrestrial locomotion

Limbless locomotion

Terrestrial locomotion has as s adapted from to environments. on land raises different problems than that in water, with reduced being replaced by the increased effects of . As viewed from , there are three basic forms of in the terrestrial environment: – moving by using s – moving without legs, primarily using the body itself as a propulsive structure. – rotating the body over the substrate Some s and permit or demand alternative locomotive styles. A sliding component to locomotion becomes possible on slippery surfaces (such as and ), where location is aided by , or on loose surfaces (such as or ), where friction is low but purchase (traction) is difficult. Humans, especially, have adapted to over terrestrial and terrestrial ice by means of , , and . Aquatic animals adapted to s, such as and also take advantage of the slipperiness of ice and snow as part of their locomotion repertoire. are known to take advantage of a slick known as a "beaver slide" over a short distance when passing from land into a lake or pond. Human locomotion in mud is improved through the use of . Some snakes use an unusual method of movement known as on sand or loose soil. Animals caught in terrestrial s are subject to involuntary locomotion; this may be beneficial to the distribution of species with limited locomotive range under their own power. There is less opportunity for on land than by sea or air, though () is available toward this end, as in all other s. Many species of and use a form of known as , with forelimbs as the prime mover. Some elements of the gymnastic sport of resemble brachiation, but most adult humans do not have the upper body strength required to sustain brachiation. Many other species of arboreal animal with tails will incorporate their tails into the locomotion repertoire, if only as a minor component of their s. Locomotion on irregular, steep surfaces require and known as . s are famed for navigating vertiginous mountainsides where the least misstep could lead to a fatal . Many species of animals must sometimes locomote while safely conveying their young. Most often this task is performed by adult females. Some species are specially adapted to conveying their young without occupying their limbs, such as with their special pouch. In other species, the young are carried on the mother's back, and the offspring have instinctual clinging behaviours. Many species incorporate specialized transportation behaviours as a component of their locomotion repertoire, such as the when rolling a ball of dung, which combines both rolling and limb-based elements. The remainder of this article focuses on the and distinctions involving terrestrial locomotion from the perspective.

There are a number of terrestrial and amphibious and invertebrates. These animals, due to lack of appendages, use their bodies to generate propulsive force. These movements are sometimes referred to as "slithering" or "crawling", although neither are formally used in the scientific literature and the latter term is also used for some animals moving on all four limbs. All limbless animals come from groups; there are no limbless animals, i.e. there are no limbless birds or mammals.

wit-train-topic-003252591

projected-04037035-009

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial%20locomotion

Terrestrial locomotion

Rolling

Terrestrial locomotion has as s adapted from to environments. on land raises different problems than that in water, with reduced being replaced by the increased effects of . As viewed from , there are three basic forms of in the terrestrial environment: – moving by using s – moving without legs, primarily using the body itself as a propulsive structure. – rotating the body over the substrate Some s and permit or demand alternative locomotive styles. A sliding component to locomotion becomes possible on slippery surfaces (such as and ), where location is aided by , or on loose surfaces (such as or ), where friction is low but purchase (traction) is difficult. Humans, especially, have adapted to over terrestrial and terrestrial ice by means of , , and . Aquatic animals adapted to s, such as and also take advantage of the slipperiness of ice and snow as part of their locomotion repertoire. are known to take advantage of a slick known as a "beaver slide" over a short distance when passing from land into a lake or pond. Human locomotion in mud is improved through the use of . Some snakes use an unusual method of movement known as on sand or loose soil. Animals caught in terrestrial s are subject to involuntary locomotion; this may be beneficial to the distribution of species with limited locomotive range under their own power. There is less opportunity for on land than by sea or air, though () is available toward this end, as in all other s. Many species of and use a form of known as , with forelimbs as the prime mover. Some elements of the gymnastic sport of resemble brachiation, but most adult humans do not have the upper body strength required to sustain brachiation. Many other species of arboreal animal with tails will incorporate their tails into the locomotion repertoire, if only as a minor component of their s. Locomotion on irregular, steep surfaces require and known as . s are famed for navigating vertiginous mountainsides where the least misstep could lead to a fatal . Many species of animals must sometimes locomote while safely conveying their young. Most often this task is performed by adult females. Some species are specially adapted to conveying their young without occupying their limbs, such as with their special pouch. In other species, the young are carried on the mother's back, and the offspring have instinctual clinging behaviours. Many species incorporate specialized transportation behaviours as a component of their locomotion repertoire, such as the when rolling a ball of dung, which combines both rolling and limb-based elements. The remainder of this article focuses on the and distinctions involving terrestrial locomotion from the perspective.

Although animals have never evolved s for locomotion, a small number of animals will move at times by their whole body. Rolling animals can be divided into those that roll under the force of gravity or wind and those that roll using their own power.

wit-train-topic-001120798

projected-04037037-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seraina%20Mischol

Seraina Mischol

Introduction

Seraina Mischol (born 1 December 1981) is a , who competed between 1999 and 2011.

wit-train-topic-003215205

projected-04037038-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mang%20Lon

Mang Lon

Introduction

Mang Lon, Manglon, Manglun, Manglön, or Mang Lön a state in the northern s of , was formerly the chief state of the . It is a mountainous territory, including the valleys of the and its tributary the . It had an approximate area of 7770 km² and its estimated population in 1911 was 40,000. Mang Lon state extended from about 21° 30′ to 23° N., or for 100 miles, along the river Salween, which divided the state into East and West Mang Lon. The inhabitants of East Manglon were Was, while West Manglon was mostly inhabited by .

wit-train-topic-003134885

projected-04037051-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20agencies%20of%20the%20government%20of%20Kerala

List of agencies of the government of Kerala

Autonomous bodies, cultural and other institutions

Agency for Development of Aquaculture, Kerala (ADAK) Co-Operative Academy of Professional Education (CAPE) Energy Management Centre (EMC) Food Craft Institute - Kerala, under the Dept. of Tourism Information Kerala Mission (IKM) (ICCONS) Institute of Land Management Institute of Management in Government Kerala Aviation Training Centre Kerala Bureau of Industrial Promotion (K-BIP) Kerala Council for Historic Research Kerala Government Medical Officers Association (KGMOA) Kerala Health Research Welfare Society Kerala Industrial Infrastructure Development Corporation Kerala Industrial Revitalisation Fund Board Kerala Institute of Labour and Employment Kerala Institute of Local Administration Kerala Institute of Tourism and Travel Studies (KITTS) Kerala Lalithakala Akademi Kerala Press Academy Kerala Rural Development and Marketing Society Kerala Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Agency The Kerala State Higher Education Council (KSHEC), Science and Technology Museum Campus, Vikas Bhavan PO, Thiruvananthapuram Kerala State Nirmathi Kendra Kerala State Pharmacy Council Kerala State Remote Sensing and Environment Centre Kerala State Social Welfare Advisory Board Kerala State Veterinary Council Kerala State Youth Welfare Board Kerala Wakf Board Kerala Water Authority Society Medical Council and Nursing Council Multi Purpose Cultural Complex Society (NISH) National Transportation Planning and Research Centre, (NATPAC) People’s Action for Development (Kerala) Public Sector Restructuring and Internal Audit Board Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology Sophisticated Test and Instrumentation Centre State Advisory Contract Labour Board State Agricultural Prices Board State Council of Educational Research and Training (SCERT) State Institute of Encyclopedic Publications State Institute of Rural Development (SIRD) State Resource Centre, Kerala Thenmala Eco Tourism Promotion Society Theerapatham Urban Development Project, Thiruvananthapuram Tropical Botanical Garden and Research Institute, Palode

wit-train-topic-001187970

projected-04037111-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence%20Rochat

Laurence Rochat

Introduction

Laurence Rochat (born 1 August 1979) is a who has competed since 1996. She won a bronze medal in the 4 × 5 km relay at the in and had her best individual finish with a 15th place in the Individual sprint at the in . Rochat's best finish at the was a 12th in the 30 km event in 2005. She also has nineteen victories at various levels in her career since 1998.

wit-train-topic-005143280

projected-04037114-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yawa%20languages

Yawa languages

Introduction

The Yawa languages, also known as Yapen languages, are a small family of two closely related , and , which are often considered to be divergent dialects of a single language (and thus a ). They are spoken on central and nearby islets, in , , which they share with the Austronesian . Yawa proper had 6000 speakers in 1987. Saweru has been variously reported to be partially intelligible with other dialects of Yawa and to be considered a dialect of Yawa by its speakers, and to be too divergent for intelligibility and to be perceived as a separate language. It is , spoken by 150 people out of an ethnic group of 300.

wit-train-topic-003061810

projected-04037118-002

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%20New%20Zealanders

European New Zealanders

1840 onwards

European New Zealanders, also known by the loanword , are of descent. Most European New Zealanders are of and ancestry, with significantly smaller percentages of other European ancestries such as , (historically noted as German due to ), , , and other , , and . maintains the national classification standard for ethnicity. European is one of the six top-level ethnic groups, alongside , Pacific (), , Middle Eastern/Latin American/African (MELAA), and Other. Within the top-level European group are two second-level ethnic groups, New Zealand European and Other European. New Zealand European consists of New Zealanders of European descent, while Other European consists of migrant European ethnic groups. Other Europeans also includes some people of descent, including , , and . According to the , 3,372,708 people (70.2%) identified as European, with 3,013,440 people (64%) identifying as New Zealand European.

European migration has resulted in a deep legacy being left on the social and political structures of New Zealand. Early visitors to New Zealand included whalers, sealers, missionaries, mariners, and merchants, attracted to natural resources in abundance. They came from the Australian colonies, Great Britain and Ireland, Germany (forming the next biggest immigrant group after the British and Irish), France, Portugal, the Netherlands, Denmark, the United States, and Canada. In 1840 representatives of the British Crown signed the with 240 Māori chiefs throughout New Zealand, motivated by plans for a French colony at and land purchases by the in 1839. British was then proclaimed over New Zealand in May 1840. Some would later argue that the proclamation of sovereignty was in direct conflict with the treaty which in its Māori version had guaranteed sovereignty (Rangatiratanga) to the Māori who signed it. By the end of the 1850s the European and Māori populations were of a similar size as immigration and natural increase boosted European numbers. Following the formalising of British sovereignty, the organised and structured flow of migrants from Great Britain and Ireland began. Government-chartered ships like the clipper and the carried immigrants to New Zealand. Typically clipper ships left British ports such as London and travelled south through the central Atlantic to about 43 degrees south to pick up the strong westerly winds that carried the clippers well south of South Africa and Australia. Ships would then head north once in the vicinity of New Zealand. The Glentanner migrant ship of 610 tonnes made two runs to New Zealand and several to Australia carrying 400 tonne of passengers and cargo. Travel time was about 3 to months to New Zealand. Cargo carried on the Glentanner for New Zealand included coal, slate, lead sheet, wine, beer, cart components, salt, soap and passengers' personal goods. On the 1857 passage the ship carried 163 official passengers, most of them government assisted. On the return trip the ship carried a wool cargo worth 45,000 pounds. In the 1860s discovery of gold started a gold rush in Otago. By 1860 more than 100,000 British and Irish settlers lived throughout New Zealand. The actively recruited settlers from Scotland, creating a definite Scottish influence in that region, while the recruited settlers from the south of England, creating a definite English influence over that region. In the 1860s most migrants settled in the South Island due to gold discoveries and the availability of flat grass covered land for pastoral farming. The low number of Māori (about 2,000) and the absence of warfare gave the South Island many advantages. It was only when the New Zealand wars ended that The North Island again became an attractive destination. In the 1870s the MP Julius Vogel borrowed millions of pounds from Britain to help fund capital development such as a nationwide rail system, lighthouses, ports and bridges, and encouraged mass migration from Britain. By 1870 the non-Māori population reached over 250,000. Other smaller groups of settlers came from Germany, Scandinavia, and other parts of Europe as well as from China and India, but British and Irish settlers made up the vast majority, and did so for the next 150 years.

wit-train-topic-003549620

projected-04037118-011

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%20New%20Zealanders

European New Zealanders

Culture

European New Zealanders, also known by the loanword , are of descent. Most European New Zealanders are of and ancestry, with significantly smaller percentages of other European ancestries such as , (historically noted as German due to ), , , and other , , and . maintains the national classification standard for ethnicity. European is one of the six top-level ethnic groups, alongside , Pacific (), , Middle Eastern/Latin American/African (MELAA), and Other. Within the top-level European group are two second-level ethnic groups, New Zealand European and Other European. New Zealand European consists of New Zealanders of European descent, while Other European consists of migrant European ethnic groups. Other Europeans also includes some people of descent, including , , and . According to the , 3,372,708 people (70.2%) identified as European, with 3,013,440 people (64%) identifying as New Zealand European.

The culture of New Zealand is essentially a influenced by the unique geography of New Zealand, the diverse input of and other , the that began in 1840, and the various waves of multi-ethnic migration that followed. Evidence of a significant heritage includes the predominance of the , the , the of government, () as the once dominant religion, and the popularity of British sports such as and ; all of which are part of the heritage that has shaped modern New Zealand.

wit-train-topic-004219878

projected-04037118-014

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%20New%20Zealanders

European New Zealanders

Music

European New Zealanders, also known by the loanword , are of descent. Most European New Zealanders are of and ancestry, with significantly smaller percentages of other European ancestries such as , (historically noted as German due to ), , , and other , , and . maintains the national classification standard for ethnicity. European is one of the six top-level ethnic groups, alongside , Pacific (), , Middle Eastern/Latin American/African (MELAA), and Other. Within the top-level European group are two second-level ethnic groups, New Zealand European and Other European. New Zealand European consists of New Zealanders of European descent, while Other European consists of migrant European ethnic groups. Other Europeans also includes some people of descent, including , , and . According to the , 3,372,708 people (70.2%) identified as European, with 3,013,440 people (64%) identifying as New Zealand European.

Another area of cultural influence are New Zealand Patriotic songs: "" is a of New Zealand - Created by the Irish-born composer , the song was first performed in 1876, and was sung in New Zealand as a patriotic song. It has equal status with "" but "God Defend New Zealand" is more commonly used. It did not gain its status as an official anthem until 1977, following a petition to Parliament asking "God Defend New Zealand" to be made the national anthem in 1976. "" (or "God Save the Queen") - New Zealand's other official national anthem, and was the sole national anthem until 1977. "God Save the King/Queen" is also the national anthem of the United Kingdom and was adopted in 1745. It is now most often played only when , or other member of the Royal Family is present, or in other situations where a would be used, or on some occasions such as .

wit-train-topic-001767493

projected-04037118-015

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%20New%20Zealanders

European New Zealanders

Architecture

European New Zealanders, also known by the loanword , are of descent. Most European New Zealanders are of and ancestry, with significantly smaller percentages of other European ancestries such as , (historically noted as German due to ), , , and other , , and . maintains the national classification standard for ethnicity. European is one of the six top-level ethnic groups, alongside , Pacific (), , Middle Eastern/Latin American/African (MELAA), and Other. Within the top-level European group are two second-level ethnic groups, New Zealand European and Other European. New Zealand European consists of New Zealanders of European descent, while Other European consists of migrant European ethnic groups. Other Europeans also includes some people of descent, including , , and . According to the , 3,372,708 people (70.2%) identified as European, with 3,013,440 people (64%) identifying as New Zealand European.

Sir provided the original conceptual design of the Beehive in 1964. The detailed architectural design was undertaken by the New Zealand government architect , and structural design of the building was undertaken by the . The Beehive was built in stages between 1969 and 1979. W. M. Angus constructed the first stage - the podium, underground car park and basement for a national civil defence centre, and Gibson O'Connor constructed the ten floors of the remainder of the building. restaurant moved into the building in the summer of 1975–76 and , , unveiled a plaque in the reception hall in February 1977. The Prime Minister, , formally opened the building in May 1977. The government moved into the upper floors in 1979. The annex facing Museum Street was completed in 1981. In July 2015, declared the Beehive "of outstanding heritage significance for its central role in the governance of New Zealand". Many of the more imposing structures in and around and were built in the latter part of the 19th century as a result of the economic boom following the . A common style for these landmarks is the use of dark blocks and facings of cream-coloured , a form of limestone mined at in . Notable buildings in this style include , the , , , , , , parts of the and .

wit-train-topic-002697407

projected-04037118-016

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%20New%20Zealanders

European New Zealanders

Place names in New Zealand of European origin

European New Zealanders, also known by the loanword , are of descent. Most European New Zealanders are of and ancestry, with significantly smaller percentages of other European ancestries such as , (historically noted as German due to ), , , and other , , and . maintains the national classification standard for ethnicity. European is one of the six top-level ethnic groups, alongside , Pacific (), , Middle Eastern/Latin American/African (MELAA), and Other. Within the top-level European group are two second-level ethnic groups, New Zealand European and Other European. New Zealand European consists of New Zealanders of European descent, while Other European consists of migrant European ethnic groups. Other Europeans also includes some people of descent, including , , and . According to the , 3,372,708 people (70.2%) identified as European, with 3,013,440 people (64%) identifying as New Zealand European.

There are many places in New Zealand named after people and places in Europe, especially the , the , and the as a result of the many English, Scottish, Welsh, Irish, Dutch and other European settlers and s. These include the name "New Zealand" itself, as described below, along with several notable cities and regions: New Zealand – In 1645 Dutch renamed the land Nova Zeelandia after the Dutch province of . British explorer subsequently the name to New Zealand. – Both the city and region, as well as the , are named after , whose title comes from the town of , in , – the region, and , are named after . – the original name of the city, "Christ Church", was decided prior to the ships' arrival, at the Association's first meeting, on 27 March 1848. The exact basis for the name is not known. It has been suggested that it is named for , in , England; for ; or in honour of , . The last explanation is the one generally accepted. – comes from Dùn Èideann, the name for , the Scottish capital. – named for , England – Both the city and region, as well as the former province, are named after , whose title comes from the town of , in . Small pockets of settlers from other European countries add to the identity and place names of specific New Zealand regions, most notably the Scandinavian-inspired place names of and in southern .

wit-train-topic-000185937

projected-04037124-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenn%20Sterger

Jenn Sterger

Introduction

Jennifer Lynette Sterger (born November 29, 1983) is an American model, television personality, and former online for . She has worked as the "Gameday Host" for the and was a co-host of the sports news show The Daily Line. She has worked for (AEW) as a backstage interviewer.

wit-train-topic-003041795

projected-04037135-002

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ende%2C%20East%20Nusa%20Tenggara

Ende, East Nusa Tenggara

Attractions

Ende is the seat capital of the , province of . Ende is located on the southern coast of Island. The town had a population of 87,269 residents at the 2020 census, divided administratively between four districts of the regency – Ende Seletan, Ende Timur, Ende Tengah and Ende Utara.

The is the old house occupied by Sukarno during his years of exile in Ende. Most of the old furniture are still there. While he was exiled in Ende, Sukarno wrote and held several plays, together with . Among the plays were (Rendo that stirred the archipelago) and Doctor Satan, a revision on the story of . Near the in Ende stands a big tree. Under the tree, Sukarno often sat, working on political ideas to lead Indonesia to independence. Those reflections contributed to the opening of concept, which is now the state philosophy of Indonesia. From here Pancasila was born. Today, the Pancasila Birth Monument stands on this place. During a visit to Ende in June 2013, Vice President spoke of the importance of the idea of Pancasila for Indonesia and officiated over a ceremony to open a monument to the work of Sukarno in Ende. Another attraction is Christ the King Cathedral, which is the seat of the . The well-known tourist spot of with three coloured volcanic lakes is about to the east of Ende. While in Ende there is an opportunity to tryout the local type of coffee “Kopi End”'. Coffee beans and ginger toasted together and brewed as normal.

wit-train-topic-001396217

projected-04037146-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999%20NASCAR%20Busch%20Series

1999 NASCAR Busch Series

Introduction

The 1999 NASCAR Busch Series began on February 13 and ended on November 13. of won the season points championship for the second year in a row.

wit-train-topic-002599397

projected-04037158-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIG%20plc

SIG plc

History

SIG plc is a British-based international supplier of , , commercial interiors and specialist construction products. It is listed on the .

The company was founded by Ernest Adsetts in 1957 as Sheffield Insulations Limited. His son joined the firm in 1966, becoming managing director in 1970, and then chairman in 1985. The company was first listed on the in 1989, when it became Sheffield Insulations Group plc. The company expanded rapidly in the start of the 1990s, acquiring Ceilings Distribution Ltd, a supplier in the United Kingdom of ceilings products, in 1990, Freeman Group, a large British insulation distributor, and Isokauf in Germany in 1994 and Komfort Systems, a supplier of partition systems for offices, in 1995. The company was renamed SIG plc in 1995. retired the following year. Acquisitions in the end of the 1990s included WKT and Golinski of Germany in 1996, and Asphaltic, a major roofing supplier in the United Kingdom, CP Supplies and Branton Industries and Distribution International in the United States in 1997. In 2000, the company bought Nouwens Group in the , and in 2001, it bought Capco, suppliers of interiors, roofing and insulation in the United Kingdom and Ireland. This was followed in 2002 by the acquisition of AM Proos and Clydesdale Roofing Supplies. In 2002, David Williams was appointed Chief Executive. In 2004, the company bought Orion Trent Insulation, another distributor for the United Kingdom, with Leaderflush Shapland (formerly LS Group), a manufacturer of door sets for hospitals following in 2005. It bought Wodan and WIG in , and exited the United States in 2006. The acquisition of Lariviere came in 2007, allowing the company to enter the roofing market. In 2007, General Fixings, based in , was acquired. Also in 2007, SIG moved into the refractory business, by purchasing MacGregor and Moir, one of the United Kingdom and Europe's leading specialists of high temperature insulation and refractory solutions. In 2008 it bought Air Trade Centre International B.V., a business. In 2008, David Williams retired, with Chris Davies taking his place as . In further management changes, Stuart Mitchell was appointed as CEO in March 2013, Meinie Oldersma took over the role in March 2017 and Steve Francis became CEO in April 2020.

wit-train-topic-000669090

projected-04037169-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belfeld

Belfeld

Introduction

Belfeld () is a village in the province of . It is a part of the municipality of , and lies about 8 km southwest of the city center of Venlo, between the river and the border with . In 2001, Belfeld had 4856 inhabitants. The built-up area of the town was 1.59 km², and contained 1937 residences. In 2001 Belfeld was merged into the municipality of Venlo.

wit-train-topic-000854098