---
license: cc-by-4.0
task_categories:
- translation
language:
- aa
- ach
- aeb
- af
- ahr
- ak
- alz
- am
- apd
- ar
- ar
- arz
- ay
- ayl
- bci
- bem
- ber
- ber
- bfq
- bfy
- bgq
- bm
- bns
- bo
- bra
- brx
- ccp
- cgg
- dhd
- din
- doi
- dov
- dyu
- ee
- efi
- es
- ff
- fon
- gaa
- gn
- grt
- ha
- hoc
- ig
- kfy
- kg
- ki
- kl
- kr
- kri
- kru
- ks
- ks
- ktu
- lep
- lg
- lif
- ln
- lu
- luo
- lus
- mag
- mfe
- mg
- mjl
- mni
- mos
- mtr
- nd
- ndc
- ne
- noe
- nqo
- nr
- nso
- ny
- om
- pa
- pcm
- qu
- rn
- rw
- sa
- sat
- sat
- scl
- scn
- sd
- sgj
- sjp
- sn
- so
- spv
- ss
- st
- sus
- sw
- tcy
- ti
- tiv
- tn
- trp
- ts
- tum
- unr
- ve
- wbr
- wo
- xh
- xnr
- xsr
- yo
- yue
- zh
- zu
pretty_name: Smol
size_categories:
- 10K<n<100K
---
# SMOL

SMOL (Set for Maximal Overall Leverage) is a collection professional
translations into 115 Low-Resource Languages, for the purpose of training
translation models, and otherwise increasing the representations of said
languages in NLP and technology.

Please read our [paper](...) for a much more thorough description!

## Resources in this repository

There are three resources in this directory:

*   **SmolSent:** A collection of sentence-level translations into 81 languages
*   **SmolDoc:** A collection of document-level translations into 100 languages
*   **SmolDoc-factuality-annotations:** A collection of sentence-level
    translations into 81 languages

## Per-language information

The following table only includes information for the
`source_lang_translated_lang` direction. However, data in this repo is released
in both directions, so e.g. this table lists only `en_ay`, but reversed `ay_en`
data is also released.

LP | Target Language Name | ISO 15924 Script | Continent | N SmolSent | N Smoldoc
---|----------------------|-----------|-----------|------------|----------
am_ar | Arabic | Arab | Asia | 0 | 329
am_zh | Mandarin Chinese | Hans | Asia | 0 | 329
en_aa | Afar | Latn | Africa | 863 | 66
en_ach | Acoli | Latn | Africa | 863 | 66
en_aeb | Tunisian Arabic | Arab | Africa | 862 | 66
en_af | Afrikaans | Latn | Africa | 863 | 130
en_ahr | Ahirani | Deva | Asia | 0 | 457
en_ak | Twi | Latn | Africa | 863 | 260
en_alz | Alur | Latn | Africa | 863 | 66
en_am | Amharic | Ethi | Africa | 863 | 584
en_apd-SD | Sudanese Arabic | Arab | Africa | 855 | 66
en_ar-MA | Morrocan Arabic | Arab | Africa | 863 | 260
en_arz | Egyptian Arabic | Arab | Africa | 863 | 260
en_ay | Aymara | Latn | Americas | 863 | 0
en_ayl | Libyan Arabic | Arab | Africa | 863 | 66
en_bci | Baoulé | Latn | Africa | 863 | 66
en_bem | Bemba (Zambia) | Latn | Africa | 863 | 66
en_ber | Tamazight (Tifinagh Script) | Tfng | Africa | 862 | 130
en_ber-Latn | Tamazight (Latin Script) | Latn | Africa | 862 | 130
en_bfq | Badaga | Taml | Asia | 0 | 457
en_bfy | Bagheli | Deva | Asia | 0 | 457
en_bgq | Bagri | Deva | Asia | 0 | 457
en_bm | Bambara | Latn | Africa | 863 | 260
en_nqo | NKo | Nkoo | Africa | 863 | 66
en_bns | Bundeli | Deva | Asia | 0 | 456
en_bo | Tibetan | Tibt | Asia | 863 | 0
en_bra | Braj | Deva | Asia | 0 | 457
en_brx | Bodo (India) | Deva | Asia | 863 | 0
en_ccp-Latn | Chakma (Latin script) | Latn | Asia | 0 | 457
en_cgg | Chiga | Latn | Africa | 863 | 66
en_dhd | Dhundari | Deva | Asia | 0 | 456
en_din | Dinka | Latn | Africa | 863 | 66
en_doi | Dogri | Deva | Asia | 0 | 454
en_dov | Dombe | Latn | Africa | 863 | 66
en_dyu | Dyula | Latn | Africa | 863 | 66
en_ee | Ewe | Latn | Africa | 863 | 130
en_efi | Efik | Latn | Africa | 863 | 66
en_es | Spanish | Latn | Europe | 863 | 0
en_ff | Fulfulde | Latn | Africa | 862 | 260
en_fon | Fon | Latn | Africa | 863 | 66
en_gaa | Ga | Latn | Africa | 863 | 66
en_gn | Guarani | Latn | Americas | 863 | 0
en_grt-Latn | Garo (Latin script) | Latn | Asia | 0 | 457
en_ha | Hausa | Latn | Africa | 863 | 584
en_hoc-Wara | Ho (Warang Chiti script) | Wara | Asia | 0 | 457
en_ig | Igbo | Latn | Africa | 863 | 391
en_kfy | Kumaoni | Deva | Asia | 0 | 457
en_kg | Kongo | Latn | Africa | 863 | 66
en_ki | Kikuyu | Latn | Africa | 863 | 66
en_kl | Kalaallisut | Latn | Americas | 863 | 0
en_kr | Kanuri | Latn | Africa | 863 | 66
en_kri | Krio | Latn | Africa | 863 | 130
en_kru | Kurukh | Deva | Asia | 0 | 457
en_ks | Kashmiri | Arab | Asia | 863 | 0
en_ks-Deva | Kashmiri (Devanagari script) | Deva | Asia | 863 | 0
en_ktu | Kituba (DRC) | Latn | Africa | 863 | 66
en_lep | Lepcha | Lepc | Asia | 0 | 456
en_lg | Luganda | Latn | Africa | 863 | 260
en_lif-Limb | Limbu (Limbu script) | Limb | Asia | 0 | 457
en_ln | Lingala | Latn | Africa | 863 | 260
en_lu | Kiluba (Luba-Katanga) | Latn | Africa | 863 | 66
en_luo | Luo | Latn | Africa | 863 | 260
en_lus | Mizo | Latn | Asia | 863 | 0
en_mag | Magahi | Deva | Asia | 0 | 456
en_mfe | Morisien | Latn | Africa | 863 | 66
en_mg | Malagasy | Latn | Africa | 863 | 391
en_mjl | Mandeali | Deva | Asia | 0 | 457
en_mni-Mtei | Meiteilon (Manipuri) | Mtei | Asia | 863 | 0
en_mos | Mossi | Latn | Africa | 863 | 66
en_mtr | Mewari | Deva | Asia | 0 | 457
en_nd | North Ndebele | Latn | Africa | 863 | 66
en_ndc-ZW | Ndau | Latn | Africa | 863 | 66
en_ne | Nepali | Deva | Asia | 0 | 456
en_noe | Nimadi | Deva | Asia | 0 | 315
en_nr | South Ndebele | Latn | Africa | 863 | 66
en_nso | Sepedi | Latn | Africa | 863 | 130
en_ny | Chichewa | Latn | Africa | 863 | 260
en_om | Oromo | Latn | Africa | 863 | 391
en_pa-Arab | Lahnda Punjabi (Pakistan) | Arab | Asia | 863 | 0
en_pcm | Nigerian Pidgin | Latn | Africa | 863 | 130
en_qu | Quechua | Latn | Americas | 863 | 0
en_rn | Rundi | Latn | Africa | 863 | 66
en_rw | Kinyarwanda | Latn | Africa | 863 | 260
en_sa | Sanskrit | Deva | Asia | 863 | 0
en_sat | Santali (Ol Chiki script) | Olck | Asia | 863 | 0
en_sat-Latn | Santali (Latin Script) | Latn | Asia | 863 | 0
en_scl | Shina | Arab | Asia | 0 | 457
en_scn | Sicilian | Latn | Europe | 0 | 100
en_sd-Deva | Sindhi (Devanagari script) | Deva | Asia | 0 | 456
en_sgj | Surgujia | Deva | Asia | 0 | 356
en_sjp | Surjapuri | Deva | Asia | 0 | 299
en_sn | Shona | Latn | Africa | 863 | 260
en_so | Somali | Latn | Africa | 862 | 260
en_spv | Sambalpuri | Orya | Asia | 0 | 457
en_ss | Swati | Latn | Africa | 863 | 66
en_st | Sesotho | Latn | Africa | 863 | 260
en_sus | Susu | Latn | Africa | 863 | 66
en_sw | Swahili | Latn | Africa | 863 | 584
en_tcy | Tulu | Knda | Asia | 0 | 451
en_ti | Tigrinya | Ethi | Africa | 863 | 260
en_tiv | Tiv | Latn | Africa | 863 | 66
en_tn | Tswana | Latn | Africa | 863 | 66
en_trp | Kok Borok | Latn | Asia | 0 | 457
en_ts | Tsonga | Latn | Africa | 863 | 66
en_tum | Tumbuka | Latn | Africa | 863 | 66
en_unr-Deva | Mundari (Devanagari script) | Deva | Asia | 0 | 457
en_ve | Venda | Latn | Africa | 863 | 66
en_wbr | Wagdi | Deva | Asia | 0 | 455
en_wo | Wolof | Latn | Africa | 863 | 260
en_xh | Xhosa | Latn | Africa | 863 | 260
en_xnr | Kangri | Deva | Asia | 0 | 457
en_xsr-Tibt | Sherpa (Tibetan script) | Tibt | Asia | 0 | 457
en_yo | Yoruba | Latn | Africa | 863 | 584
en_yue | Cantonese | Hant | Asia | 863 | 584
en_zu | Zulu | Latn | Africa | 863 | 260
sw_ar | Arabic | Arab | Asia | 0 | 330
sw_zh | Mandarin Chinese | Hans | Asia | 0 | 330

## Notes on language codes

We use the backwards-compatible BCP-47 language code convention. Several of
these languages have various alternate code also in use, including:

*   **ak** Twi also uses the code `tw`. Note that using the supercode for the
    most prevelent language variety is very common, e.g. `ku` for `kmr`, `zh`
    for `cmn`, etc.
*   **ber** The grouping of the Tamazight languages is a matter of debate. The
    variety in these data is probably close to `tzm`, though a language expert
    should opine
*   **qu** Another supercode issue. The Quechua variety this data is closest to
    is likely `quy`, though a language expert should opine
*   **pa-Arab** is also referred to as `lah`

For convenience, here is a mapping from codes used by Flores and SMOL:

Flores code | BCP-47 code
----------- | -----------
eng_Latn    | en
rus_Cyrl    | ru
spa_Latn    | es
fra_Latn    | fr
deu_Latn    | de
ita_Latn    | it
por_Latn    | pt
nld_Latn    | nl
pol_Latn    | pl
vie_Latn    | vi
tur_Latn    | tr
swe_Latn    | sv
ron_Latn    | ro
ces_Latn    | cs
ind_Latn    | id
pes_Arab    | fa
hun_Latn    | hu
dan_Latn    | da
ukr_Cyrl    | uk
ell_Grek    | el
nob_Latn    | no
fin_Latn    | fi
jpn_Jpan    | ja
zho_Hans    | zh
kor_Hang    | ko
tha_Thai    | th
bul_Cyrl    | bg
arb_Arab    | ar
slk_Latn    | sk
cat_Latn    | ca
lit_Latn    | lt
slv_Latn    | sl
hin_Deva    | hi
est_Latn    | et
lvs_Latn    | lv
als_Latn    | sq
zsm_Latn    | ms
srp_Cyrl    | sr
azj_Latn    | az
hrv_Latn    | hr
tam_Taml    | ta
kaz_Cyrl    | kk
isl_Latn    | is
afr_Latn    | af
mar_Deva    | mr
glg_Latn    | gl
tgl_Latn    | fil
mkd_Cyrl    | mk
ben_Beng    | bn
bel_Cyrl    | be
tel_Telu    | te
mal_Mlym    | ml
urd_Arab    | ur
eus_Latn    | eu
bos_Latn    | bs
khk_Cyrl    | mn
kat_Geor    | ka
uzn_Latn    | uz
guj_Gujr    | gu
swh_Latn    | sw
npi_Deva    | ne
sin_Sinh    | si
yue_Hant    | yue
cym_Latn    | cy
kan_Knda    | kn
epo_Latn    | eo
gle_Latn    | ga
tgk_Cyrl    | tg
hye_Armn    | hy
kir_Cyrl    | ky
pbt_Arab    | ps
mlt_Latn    | mt
pan_Guru    | pa
som_Latn    | so
kmr_Latn    | ku
tat_Cyrl    | tt
hau_Latn    | ha
kin_Latn    | rw
mya_Mymr    | my
amh_Ethi    | am
ltz_Latn    | lb
gla_Latn    | gd
hat_Latn    | ht
ckb_Arab    | ckb
snd_Arab    | sd
plt_Latn    | mg
mri_Latn    | mi
uig_Arab    | ug
ceb_Latn    | ceb
ydd_Hebr    | yi
smo_Latn    | sm
khm_Khmr    | km
jav_Latn    | jv
fao_Latn    | fo
ory_Orya    | or
yor_Latn    | yo
ibo_Latn    | ig
tuk_Latn    | tk
bak_Cyrl    | ba
pap_Latn    | pap
lao_Laoo    | lo
sot_Latn    | st
sun_Latn    | su
nya_Latn    | ny
sna_Latn    | sn
lus_Latn    | lus
xho_Latn    | xh
asm_Beng    | as
zul_Latn    | zu
oci_Latn    | oc
gaz_Latn    | om
san_Deva    | sa
ilo_Latn    | ilo
tir_Ethi    | ti
vec_Latn    | vec
tso_Latn    | ts
ewe_Latn    | ee
lug_Latn    | lg
tsn_Latn    | tn
nso_Latn    | nso
fij_Latn    | fj
aka_Latn    | ak
twi_Latn    | ak
lin_Latn    | ln
bod_Tibt    | bo
sag_Latn    | sg
kac_Latn    | kac
grn_Latn    | gn
bho_Deva    | bho
kbp_Latn    | kbp
war_Latn    | war
pag_Latn    | pag
ltg_Latn    | ltg
fon_Latn    | fon
min_Latn    | min
ayr_Latn    | ay
mai_Deva    | mai
dzo_Tibt    | dz
ace_Latn    | ace
wol_Latn    | wo
kmb_Latn    | kmb
cjk_Latn    | cjk
bam_Latn    | bm
ssw_Latn    | ss
mag_Deva    | mag
dik_Latn    | din
ban_Latn    | ban
dyu_Latn    | dyu
kon_Latn    | kg
shn_Mymr    | shn
mni_Beng    | mni
run_Latn    | rn
hne_Deva    | hne
awa_Deva    | awa
kas_Arab    | ks
fuv_Latn    | ff
tzm_Tfng    | ber
quy_Latn    | quy
arb_Latn    | ar-Latn
zho_Hant    | zh-Hant
heb_Hebr    | iw
ary_Arab    | ar-MA
apc_Arab    | apc
arz_Arab    | arz
prs_Arab    | fa-AF
acm_Arab    | acm
tpi_Latn    | tpi
bug_Latn    | bug
acq_Arab    | acq
tum_Latn    | tum
scn_Latn    | scn
aeb_Arab    | aeb
nus_Latn    | nus
taq_Latn    | taq
knc_Latn    | kr
sat_Olck    | sat
kas_Deva    | ks-Deva
lua_Latn    | lua
ace_Arab    | ace-Arab
ajp_Arab    | ajp
ars_Arab    | ars
ast_Latn    | ast
azb_Arab    | azb
bem_Latn    | bem
bjn_Arab    | bjn-Arab
bjn_Latn    | bjn
crh_Latn    | crh-Latn
fur_Latn    | fur
kab_Latn    | kab
kam_Latn    | kam
kea_Latn    | kea
kik_Latn    | ki
knc_Arab    | kr-Arab
lij_Latn    | lij
lim_Latn    | li
lmo_Latn    | lmo
luo_Latn    | luo
min_Arab    | min-Arab
mos_Latn    | mos
nno_Latn    | nn
srd_Latn    | sc
szl_Latn    | szl
taq_Tfng    | taq-Tfng
umb_Latn    | umb

## Known issues

There are several known issues of this dataset:

*   The translations of `SmolDoc` to Ho (Warang Citi script) (`hoc`) contain
    some instances of transliterated English, rather than actual Ho text. This
    is currently being corrected.
*   The translations to Mooré (`mos`) contain a mix of orthographies.
*   The translations into Kituba (`ktu`), Tulu (`tcy`), Nepali (`ne`), and
    Tibetan (`bo`) caused notable regressions in `ChrF`, suggesting that they
    are low-quality, though this could also be an issue with training or
    evaluation.

If you speak any of these languages and notice quality issues, please reach out.
Another especially useful piece of information is whether the correct
orthographies are used in these deliveries.

## License

This data is released under cc-by-4.0