| [ | |
| { | |
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| "text": " This is the BBC." | |
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| { | |
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| "text": " Hello and welcome to Podcasting House." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 19.44, | |
| "end": 21.8, | |
| "text": " If you're listening for the first time, well, thank you." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 21.8, | |
| "end": 23.68, | |
| "text": " Thanks for choosing to listen to us." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 23.68, | |
| "end": 25.32, | |
| "text": " And this is what you need to know." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 25.32, | |
| "end": 27.6, | |
| "text": " The BBC makes so many podcasts" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 27.6, | |
| "end": 29.400000000000002, | |
| "text": " how you're gonna know where to start, right?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 29.4, | |
| "end": 32.28, | |
| "text": " So we will be your guides twice a week." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 32.28, | |
| "end": 33.8, | |
| "text": " We'll play you an episode of something" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 33.8, | |
| "end": 35.16, | |
| "text": " we think you should know about." | |
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| { | |
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| "end": 37.839999999999996, | |
| "text": " And if you like it, you can search for it" | |
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| { | |
| "start": 37.839999999999996, | |
| "end": 40.0, | |
| "text": " and subscribe wherever you've got this podcast." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 40.0, | |
| "end": 42.6, | |
| "text": " So I'm Rian and I'm joined by Eli." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 42.6, | |
| "end": 45.519999999999996, | |
| "text": " Eli, what is in your magic box today?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 45.519999999999996, | |
| "end": 50.2, | |
| "text": " I've brought in a podcast from BBC Scotland called Brain Waves." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 50.2, | |
| "end": 53.64, | |
| "text": " It's a science show about how our brains work." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 53.64, | |
| "end": 57.4, | |
| "text": " This particular episode is called How to Stay Sharp." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 57.4, | |
| "end": 59.239999999999995, | |
| "text": " So there's all kinds of info in here." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 59.24, | |
| "end": 63.08, | |
| "text": " This coffee help, tea help, this physical exercise help." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 63.08, | |
| "end": 65.4, | |
| "text": " They talk to a guy a scientist" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 65.4, | |
| "end": 67.8, | |
| "text": " who was doing a show in Edinburgh about this." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 67.8, | |
| "end": 69.52, | |
| "text": " So it's a bit of an entertainment show" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 69.52, | |
| "end": 70.88, | |
| "text": " but also a science show." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 70.88, | |
| "end": 72.24000000000001, | |
| "text": " Just tea help." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 72.24000000000001, | |
| "end": 73.6, | |
| "text": " You're gonna have to listen to find out." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 73.6, | |
| "end": 74.88, | |
| "text": " I'm not giving that away." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 74.88, | |
| "end": 76.8, | |
| "text": " Look, here it is, Brain Waves." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 76.8, | |
| "end": 78.12, | |
| "text": " I hope tea helps." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 79.44, | |
| "end": 81.6, | |
| "text": " Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 81.6, | |
| "end": 83.80000000000001, | |
| "text": " Please meet Susan." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 83.80000000000001, | |
| "end": 88.0, | |
| "text": " Now Susan has found herself entering a room" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 88.0, | |
| "end": 90.52, | |
| "text": " but she's immediately forgotten what she came in for." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 90.52, | |
| "end": 93.56, | |
| "text": " That's Alan Gow, Associate Professor in Psychology" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 93.56, | |
| "end": 95.2, | |
| "text": " at Harriet Wat University." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 95.2, | |
| "end": 96.88, | |
| "text": " You might recognise his sidekick" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 96.88, | |
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| "text": " as comedian and history buff Susan Morrison." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 99.08, | |
| "end": 103.64, | |
| "text": " But it's okay, it's okay because Susan is 20 years old." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 103.64, | |
| "end": 107.64, | |
| "text": " Ah, Alan researchers how our thinking skills change as we age." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 107.64, | |
| "end": 109.92, | |
| "text": " 20 years old, so that momentary lapse of memory" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 109.92, | |
| "end": 111.68, | |
| "text": " she shrugs off and goes a bit of business." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 111.68, | |
| "end": 113.12, | |
| "text": " Along with the kinds of things" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 113.12, | |
| "end": 116.48, | |
| "text": " which affect those changes to our thinking as we get older." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 116.52000000000001, | |
| "end": 118.36, | |
| "text": " Ladies and gentlemen, please meet Susan." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 118.36, | |
| "end": 120.4, | |
| "text": " Susan enters a room." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
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| "text": " She's arrived in a room" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 121.48, | |
| "end": 124.36, | |
| "text": " but she's immediately forgotten what she went in for." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 124.36, | |
| "end": 126.08, | |
| "text": " She's 40 years old." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 126.08, | |
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| "text": " So she's a little bit concerned" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 127.44, | |
| "end": 131.68, | |
| "text": " is that lapse of memory of something more serious," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 131.68, | |
| "end": 132.84, | |
| "text": " bit anxious." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 133.72, | |
| "end": 135.64000000000001, | |
| "text": " Ladies and gentlemen meet Susan." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 135.64000000000001, | |
| "end": 139.6, | |
| "text": " Susan has found herself entering a room" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 139.6, | |
| "end": 143.08, | |
| "text": " but has immediately forgotten what she went in for." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 143.08, | |
| "end": 145.68, | |
| "text": " Susan is 60 years old." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 145.68, | |
| "end": 146.68, | |
| "text": " Hey." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 146.68, | |
| "end": 151.04000000000002, | |
| "text": " And now she is terrified" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 151.04000000000002, | |
| "end": 155.24, | |
| "text": " that that lapse of memory is something much more serious." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 156.16, | |
| "end": 160.12, | |
| "text": " The same event, but do we experience it differently" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 160.12, | |
| "end": 161.84, | |
| "text": " depending on what age we are?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 161.84, | |
| "end": 163.48000000000002, | |
| "text": " Are we a little bit," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 163.48000000000002, | |
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| "text": " yeah, doesn't matter?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 164.76000000000002, | |
| "end": 165.96, | |
| "text": " Are we a little bit anxious" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 165.96, | |
| "end": 167.84, | |
| "text": " or do we really start to worry?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 167.84, | |
| "end": 168.88, | |
| "text": " For this Brainwaves," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 168.88, | |
| "end": 170.64000000000001, | |
| "text": " we recorded Alan's friend show" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 170.64000000000001, | |
| "end": 172.52, | |
| "text": " at the Cabaret of Dangerous Ideas" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 172.52, | |
| "end": 173.8, | |
| "text": " in the Edinburgh Festival." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 173.8, | |
| "end": 175.56, | |
| "text": " And what we're going to be doing" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 175.56, | |
| "end": 179.0, | |
| "text": " is exploring what keeps you sharp." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 179.0, | |
| "end": 180.08, | |
| "text": " And we're going to be doing that" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 180.08, | |
| "end": 182.0, | |
| "text": " through a series of questions." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 182.0, | |
| "end": 185.16, | |
| "text": " The questions that I am going to ask you." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 185.16, | |
| "end": 187.52, | |
| "text": " So we decided to use those questions too" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 187.52, | |
| "end": 189.16, | |
| "text": " as the focus for this Brainwaves" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 189.16, | |
| "end": 191.76, | |
| "text": " because let's face it, we are all aging." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 191.76, | |
| "end": 193.36, | |
| "text": " And if you're anything like me," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 193.36, | |
| "end": 194.84, | |
| "text": " I'm Penny Latin by the way," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 194.84, | |
| "end": 197.76, | |
| "text": " then you will spend at least some of your time thinking" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 197.76, | |
| "end": 200.12, | |
| "text": " if not worrying about getting older" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 200.12, | |
| "end": 202.0, | |
| "text": " and the changes that it brings." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 202.0, | |
| "end": 204.84, | |
| "text": " So any insight into what might keep us sharper," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 204.84, | |
| "end": 207.12, | |
| "text": " for longer is very welcome." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 207.12, | |
| "end": 208.88, | |
| "text": " And these are questions that we asked" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 208.88, | |
| "end": 211.0, | |
| "text": " in a large nationwide survey" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 211.0, | |
| "end": 213.04, | |
| "text": " that closed at the start of the year," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 213.04, | |
| "end": 215.36, | |
| "text": " called what keeps you sharp." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 215.36, | |
| "end": 216.76, | |
| "text": " And what we're going to do" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 216.76, | |
| "end": 218.88, | |
| "text": " is see how your thoughts," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 218.88, | |
| "end": 220.72, | |
| "text": " your beliefs, your attitudes," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 220.72, | |
| "end": 223.36, | |
| "text": " your fears, your perceptions about the way" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 223.36, | |
| "end": 226.32, | |
| "text": " that thinking skills might change as we get older," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 226.32, | |
| "end": 228.44, | |
| "text": " map on to that nationwide survey." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 228.44, | |
| "end": 231.12, | |
| "text": " That survey was 3,000 people" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 231.12, | |
| "end": 234.36, | |
| "text": " from across the UK, aged 40, 50," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 234.36, | |
| "end": 237.68, | |
| "text": " 60, 70, 80, and above." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 237.68, | |
| "end": 239.84, | |
| "text": " So we're going to use those questions." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 239.84, | |
| "end": 242.08, | |
| "text": " We'd love your responses on Twitter to each question too," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 242.08, | |
| "end": 245.32000000000002, | |
| "text": " so do join the conversation at BBC Radio Scott" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 245.32000000000002, | |
| "end": 248.0, | |
| "text": " and use the hashtag BBC Brainwaves." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 248.0, | |
| "end": 249.32000000000002, | |
| "text": " Right, first question." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 249.32000000000002, | |
| "end": 251.08, | |
| "text": " This one here, question number one." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 251.08, | |
| "end": 254.92000000000002, | |
| "text": " When do our thinking skills start to decline?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 254.92000000000002, | |
| "end": 257.84000000000003, | |
| "text": " When do our thinking skills start to decline?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 257.84000000000003, | |
| "end": 261.40000000000003, | |
| "text": " So when I talk about thinking skills," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 261.40000000000003, | |
| "end": 264.16, | |
| "text": " we mean a whole range of different things." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 264.16, | |
| "end": 267.20000000000005, | |
| "text": " Very broadly, it's anything that might be" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 267.20000000000005, | |
| "end": 271.28000000000003, | |
| "text": " to do with transforming information, problem solving," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 271.28000000000003, | |
| "end": 274.04, | |
| "text": " reasoning, remembering things," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 274.04, | |
| "end": 277.16, | |
| "text": " our abilities with words, our abilities with numbers." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 277.16, | |
| "end": 279.32000000000005, | |
| "text": " So within the research field," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 279.32000000000005, | |
| "end": 281.12, | |
| "text": " there's different phrases and names." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 281.12, | |
| "end": 283.8, | |
| "text": " We often refer to those as cognitive abilities," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 283.8, | |
| "end": 285.96000000000004, | |
| "text": " but most people have a broad sense" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 285.96000000000004, | |
| "end": 287.40000000000003, | |
| "text": " when we see thinking skills," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 287.40000000000003, | |
| "end": 289.16, | |
| "text": " the things about being sharp," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 289.16, | |
| "end": 291.84000000000003, | |
| "text": " being able to, as I say, solve problems and think." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 292.84, | |
| "end": 294.4, | |
| "text": " In new situations as well," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 294.4, | |
| "end": 296.79999999999995, | |
| "text": " that might be an example of a thinking skill" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 296.79999999999995, | |
| "end": 299.32, | |
| "text": " that people are using day to day." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 299.32, | |
| "end": 301.52, | |
| "text": " Ah, speed of thinking." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 301.52, | |
| "end": 304.0, | |
| "text": " So I reckon, you've probably said," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 304.0, | |
| "end": 306.88, | |
| "text": " speed of thinking probably declines the earliest" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 306.88, | |
| "end": 309.08, | |
| "text": " and the word skills may be holds the longest." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 309.08, | |
| "end": 310.0, | |
| "text": " You know what?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 310.0, | |
| "end": 313.64, | |
| "text": " You've actually got that probably more correct" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 313.64, | |
| "end": 316.12, | |
| "text": " than the 3,000 plus people that filled in" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 316.12, | |
| "end": 317.55999999999995, | |
| "text": " our nationwide survey." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 317.55999999999995, | |
| "end": 320.76, | |
| "text": " Oh, big round of applause for our clever audience." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 320.76, | |
| "end": 324.12, | |
| "text": " Speed of thinking is probably the thinking skill" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 324.12, | |
| "end": 326.24, | |
| "text": " that based on our research we think" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 326.24, | |
| "end": 328.84, | |
| "text": " is most likely to decline earliest" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 328.84, | |
| "end": 333.48, | |
| "text": " and word skills most likely to be the kind of thinking skills" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 333.48, | |
| "end": 336.36, | |
| "text": " that we're most likely to hold on to." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 336.36, | |
| "end": 339.56, | |
| "text": " Why is knowing what people think" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 339.56, | |
| "end": 342.03999999999996, | |
| "text": " about all these kinds of questions" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 342.03999999999996, | |
| "end": 344.71999999999997, | |
| "text": " of implicit value from a research point of view?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 344.71999999999997, | |
| "end": 347.28, | |
| "text": " I mean, some people might say, well, so what?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 347.28, | |
| "end": 349.36, | |
| "text": " For us and in this part of the research," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 349.36, | |
| "end": 351.16, | |
| "text": " it was about opening a conversation." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 351.16, | |
| "end": 354.6, | |
| "text": " So rather than writing in on our big academic course" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 354.6, | |
| "end": 356.04, | |
| "text": " and saying, we know best," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 356.04, | |
| "end": 358.0, | |
| "text": " we wanted to actually get a picture" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 358.0, | |
| "end": 360.0, | |
| "text": " of what was people's understanding" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 360.0, | |
| "end": 361.92, | |
| "text": " so that when we have a conversation" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 361.92, | |
| "end": 365.32, | |
| "text": " or when we try to initiate some of those discussions," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 365.32, | |
| "end": 367.6, | |
| "text": " we're actually doing it from a, hopefully," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 367.6, | |
| "end": 369.6, | |
| "text": " a point at which everyone can take part." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 369.6, | |
| "end": 372.68, | |
| "text": " Now you're right that some people will have clearer" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 372.68, | |
| "end": 375.48, | |
| "text": " understandings than others of when things might change" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 375.48, | |
| "end": 377.04, | |
| "text": " and what might influence them," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 377.12, | |
| "end": 379.8, | |
| "text": " but it's important to, as I say, understand" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 379.8, | |
| "end": 381.96000000000004, | |
| "text": " what that broad knowledge is." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 381.96000000000004, | |
| "end": 383.6, | |
| "text": " Just like a few years ago," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 383.6, | |
| "end": 386.56, | |
| "text": " if people weren't as aware of what was good for their heart," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 386.56, | |
| "end": 389.12, | |
| "text": " if you just start by saying these things are bad," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 389.12, | |
| "end": 391.52000000000004, | |
| "text": " that's not necessarily always the message" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 391.52000000000004, | |
| "end": 392.36, | |
| "text": " that people pick up." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 392.36, | |
| "end": 394.12, | |
| "text": " So as I say, we were trying with that" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 394.12, | |
| "end": 396.6, | |
| "text": " to initiate some of those discussions" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 396.6, | |
| "end": 399.92, | |
| "text": " and also to get people thinking about thinking skills" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 399.92, | |
| "end": 403.32000000000005, | |
| "text": " before we then jump in with some of the research findings" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 403.32000000000005, | |
| "end": 405.28000000000003, | |
| "text": " or some of the things that we also still don't know" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 405.28000000000003, | |
| "end": 406.6, | |
| "text": " as much detail about." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 406.64000000000004, | |
| "end": 409.16, | |
| "text": " Would it surprise you, if I said," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 409.16, | |
| "end": 412.24, | |
| "text": " that one that you reckoned maybe declined the earliest," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 412.24, | |
| "end": 414.72, | |
| "text": " not only might it decline early," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 414.72, | |
| "end": 417.12, | |
| "text": " but it might decline really quite early." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 417.12, | |
| "end": 418.28000000000003, | |
| "text": " Would it surprise you if I said" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 418.28000000000003, | |
| "end": 419.76000000000005, | |
| "text": " it might be starting to decline" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 419.76000000000005, | |
| "end": 423.28000000000003, | |
| "text": " from your early 20s, for example?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 424.08000000000004, | |
| "end": 428.04, | |
| "text": " For any idea why speed of thinking goes first," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 428.04, | |
| "end": 431.52000000000004, | |
| "text": " I mean, as early as in our 20s, why?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 431.52000000000004, | |
| "end": 433.64000000000004, | |
| "text": " So that's a really good question" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 433.64, | |
| "end": 437.08, | |
| "text": " and it is one that's an ongoing question." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 437.08, | |
| "end": 439.52, | |
| "text": " One of the suggestions is that that thinking skill" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 439.52, | |
| "end": 444.2, | |
| "text": " may be more biologically limited type skill" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 444.2, | |
| "end": 446.64, | |
| "text": " in terms of the connections in our brain," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 446.64, | |
| "end": 449.36, | |
| "text": " the way that the information is passed from cell to cell" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 449.36, | |
| "end": 451.84, | |
| "text": " and that over time slows down." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 451.84, | |
| "end": 454.52, | |
| "text": " So therefore, when we're talking about slowing down," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 454.52, | |
| "end": 457.88, | |
| "text": " we're not talking about something that you would be aware of" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 457.88, | |
| "end": 461.71999999999997, | |
| "text": " as such, it may be fractions of fractions of milliseconds" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 461.76000000000005, | |
| "end": 463.68, | |
| "text": " over long periods of time." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 463.68, | |
| "end": 467.0, | |
| "text": " But the important thing to remember is that kind of skill" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 467.0, | |
| "end": 469.84000000000003, | |
| "text": " is one that develops early peaks" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 469.84000000000003, | |
| "end": 473.28000000000003, | |
| "text": " and then gradually over the rest of our life" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 473.28000000000003, | |
| "end": 474.68, | |
| "text": " would should decline." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 474.68, | |
| "end": 478.48, | |
| "text": " But behind that are other skills have developed" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 478.48, | |
| "end": 481.8, | |
| "text": " and in many cases maintain or continue to improve." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 481.8, | |
| "end": 485.40000000000003, | |
| "text": " So one of the theories is that our thinking speed" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 485.40000000000003, | |
| "end": 487.08000000000004, | |
| "text": " is what allows us to have developed" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 487.08000000000004, | |
| "end": 489.76000000000005, | |
| "text": " a whole range of other thinking skills." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 489.76000000000005, | |
| "end": 491.6, | |
| "text": " And then once we have those other skills" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 491.64000000000004, | |
| "end": 493.32000000000005, | |
| "text": " those are the things that we use day to day." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 493.32000000000005, | |
| "end": 497.72, | |
| "text": " So when we're adults, we're not always having to do" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 497.72, | |
| "end": 500.52000000000004, | |
| "text": " fast reaction problem solving type thing." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 500.52000000000004, | |
| "end": 503.8, | |
| "text": " We sometimes may have a whole back catalog of skills" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 503.8, | |
| "end": 507.32000000000005, | |
| "text": " and abilities to then use to solve problems." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 507.32000000000005, | |
| "end": 510.20000000000005, | |
| "text": " So within the field, there's sometimes a very, very broad" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 510.20000000000005, | |
| "end": 513.96, | |
| "text": " distinction between what we refer to as our fluid thinking" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 513.96, | |
| "end": 516.96, | |
| "text": " skills and our crystallized thinking skills." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 516.96, | |
| "end": 521.0, | |
| "text": " Fluid, as the name suggests, are things that may be more" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 521.0, | |
| "end": 521.84, | |
| "text": " changeable." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 521.84, | |
| "end": 524.44, | |
| "text": " So those are the thinking speed type skills." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 524.44, | |
| "end": 527.2, | |
| "text": " Whereas crystallized skills are the ones that are," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 527.2, | |
| "end": 530.28, | |
| "text": " once they're there, they're pretty solid, they're hard." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 530.28, | |
| "end": 532.88, | |
| "text": " That's the essence of why they went for that thing." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 532.88, | |
| "end": 537.04, | |
| "text": " So our word skills, for example, is a really nice example" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 537.04, | |
| "end": 540.12, | |
| "text": " of what might be referred to as a crystallized skill." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 540.12, | |
| "end": 543.24, | |
| "text": " Our word skills continue to grow through midlife" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 543.24, | |
| "end": 547.12, | |
| "text": " and are very often one of the skills that we maintain" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 547.12, | |
| "end": 548.2, | |
| "text": " the longest." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 548.2, | |
| "end": 551.0400000000001, | |
| "text": " Are the changes in thinking skills due to our genes" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 551.0400000000001, | |
| "end": 552.6400000000001, | |
| "text": " or lifestyles?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 552.6400000000001, | |
| "end": 553.6400000000001, | |
| "text": " OK." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 553.6400000000001, | |
| "end": 557.0, | |
| "text": " Give us a cheer if the changes in thinking skills" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 557.0, | |
| "end": 560.5600000000001, | |
| "text": " are to do with genes." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 560.5600000000001, | |
| "end": 562.9200000000001, | |
| "text": " Give us a cheer if the changes in thinking skills" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 562.9200000000001, | |
| "end": 565.32, | |
| "text": " are to do with lifestyle." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 565.32, | |
| "end": 569.88, | |
| "text": " In the big survey we did, about 2,3rds of our folks" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 569.88, | |
| "end": 571.32, | |
| "text": " popped somewhere in the middle." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 571.32, | |
| "end": 574.48, | |
| "text": " They said they reckoned it was maybe half genes, half lifestyle," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 574.48, | |
| "end": 575.76, | |
| "text": " a bit of a mix." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 575.76, | |
| "end": 578.24, | |
| "text": " You guys are probably somewhere in this zone." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 578.24, | |
| "end": 582.08, | |
| "text": " In a big study based in Edinburgh," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 582.08, | |
| "end": 584.36, | |
| "text": " they've looked at the genetic contribution" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 584.36, | |
| "end": 586.0, | |
| "text": " to thinking skills changing." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 586.0, | |
| "end": 588.8, | |
| "text": " And you know what they've suggested?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 588.8, | |
| "end": 597.4, | |
| "text": " The balance of genes to lifestyle might be about 3 to 1." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 597.4, | |
| "end": 603.36, | |
| "text": " They reckon that about 75% of the changes in thinking skills" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 603.36, | |
| "end": 606.4, | |
| "text": " we might experience across the lifespan" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 606.4, | |
| "end": 610.12, | |
| "text": " might be to do with lifestyle, and about 25% might be genetic." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 610.12, | |
| "end": 612.2, | |
| "text": " Now that's one study and it's got to be replicated." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 612.2, | |
| "end": 615.32, | |
| "text": " But that suggestion is sort of somewhere" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 615.32, | |
| "end": 618.64, | |
| "text": " up here that it might be a bit more lifestyling" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 618.64, | |
| "end": 620.4, | |
| "text": " than we sometimes might think." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 620.4, | |
| "end": 625.24, | |
| "text": " As with any health outcome or change in health status," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 625.24, | |
| "end": 629.0, | |
| "text": " it's really important to try and get a handle on how much of it" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 629.0, | |
| "end": 632.2, | |
| "text": " might be down to factors that people themselves" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 632.2, | |
| "end": 635.88, | |
| "text": " can control or that can be changed in some way," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 635.88, | |
| "end": 637.08, | |
| "text": " whether they themselves change." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 637.08, | |
| "end": 639.2800000000001, | |
| "text": " So as I say, the lifestyle covers lots of things" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 639.2800000000001, | |
| "end": 640.88, | |
| "text": " to do with environment and things." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 640.88, | |
| "end": 644.32, | |
| "text": " So it may not just be about an individual having that control." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 644.32, | |
| "end": 645.9200000000001, | |
| "text": " So it's very important to not say what that means" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 645.9200000000001, | |
| "end": 649.2800000000001, | |
| "text": " it's entirely in people's hands, because that's not quite as simple" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 649.2800000000001, | |
| "end": 650.48, | |
| "text": " as that, of course." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 650.48, | |
| "end": 654.6800000000001, | |
| "text": " But there may be a large component of that that's modifiable." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 654.6800000000001, | |
| "end": 659.5200000000001, | |
| "text": " So again, with that figure, it's about a jumping off point" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 659.52, | |
| "end": 662.64, | |
| "text": " for the next set of questions that would be keen to address." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 662.64, | |
| "end": 664.76, | |
| "text": " Question four, Susan." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 664.76, | |
| "end": 666.64, | |
| "text": " Are there things people can do to maintain" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 666.64, | |
| "end": 669.96, | |
| "text": " or improve their thinking skills as they grow older?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 669.96, | |
| "end": 673.0799999999999, | |
| "text": " So not asking you to give me examples." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 673.0799999999999, | |
| "end": 677.4399999999999, | |
| "text": " I would like you to put your hand up if you believe" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 677.4399999999999, | |
| "end": 682.76, | |
| "text": " there are things that we can do that might protect" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 682.76, | |
| "end": 685.04, | |
| "text": " or maintain our thinking skills as we go older." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 685.04, | |
| "end": 686.92, | |
| "text": " So hands up if you believe that." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 686.92, | |
| "end": 689.0, | |
| "text": " OK, one is difficult to count." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 689.0, | |
| "end": 690.0, | |
| "text": " 3,000 capacity." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 690.0, | |
| "end": 691.0, | |
| "text": " Yes." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 691.0, | |
| "end": 692.0, | |
| "text": " Hello, Emily." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 692.0, | |
| "end": 694.28, | |
| "text": " OK, put your hands down a second." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 694.28, | |
| "end": 696.2, | |
| "text": " I reckon that was about 2,500." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 696.2, | |
| "end": 697.2, | |
| "text": " Yeah, roughly." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 697.2, | |
| "end": 698.64, | |
| "text": " It was 3,000." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 698.64, | |
| "end": 701.56, | |
| "text": " You can't see the thousands." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 701.56, | |
| "end": 704.04, | |
| "text": " So OK, what's the second part of that question, Susan?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 704.04, | |
| "end": 706.56, | |
| "text": " The second part of the question is, do you know what those are?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 706.56, | |
| "end": 710.08, | |
| "text": " Put your hand up now if you think you're comfortable and confident" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 710.08, | |
| "end": 712.92, | |
| "text": " that you know what some of those things might be" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 712.92, | |
| "end": 715.12, | |
| "text": " that protect our thinking skills." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 715.12, | |
| "end": 716.0, | |
| "text": " Very knowledgeable." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 716.0, | |
| "end": 718.56, | |
| "text": " OK, so we've got some hands, some half, some OK." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 719.2399999999999, | |
| "end": 720.9599999999999, | |
| "text": " OK, Alan, let's go for them." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 720.9599999999999, | |
| "end": 722.76, | |
| "text": " What keeps us sharp?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 722.76, | |
| "end": 724.0799999999999, | |
| "text": " The big question." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 724.0799999999999, | |
| "end": 727.5999999999999, | |
| "text": " So the first chunk of today, what kinds of thinking skills" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 727.5999999999999, | |
| "end": 728.1999999999999, | |
| "text": " might change?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 728.1999999999999, | |
| "end": 729.4399999999999, | |
| "text": " When might they change?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 729.4399999999999, | |
| "end": 730.4, | |
| "text": " Is it genetic?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 730.4, | |
| "end": 731.64, | |
| "text": " Is it lifestyle?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 731.64, | |
| "end": 733.56, | |
| "text": " Do we think we can do something about it?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 733.56, | |
| "end": 735.1199999999999, | |
| "text": " Yeah, do we know what those are?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 735.1199999999999, | |
| "end": 736.04, | |
| "text": " Not sure." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 736.04, | |
| "end": 738.3599999999999, | |
| "text": " Now we get to the crux." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 738.3599999999999, | |
| "end": 743.04, | |
| "text": " Who thinks they know something that is good for our thinking" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 743.04, | |
| "end": 745.1199999999999, | |
| "text": " skills as we grow older?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 745.1199999999999, | |
| "end": 746.56, | |
| "text": " OK, we've got hand right here." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 746.56, | |
| "end": 748.1999999999999, | |
| "text": " And over that, well done, audience." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 748.2, | |
| "end": 749.84, | |
| "text": " So, David, just wait for us." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 749.84, | |
| "end": 751.2, | |
| "text": " I'll pass that basically, then." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 751.2, | |
| "end": 753.96, | |
| "text": " Keep learning and discovering new things," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 753.96, | |
| "end": 755.5600000000001, | |
| "text": " trying new things, new experiences," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 755.5600000000001, | |
| "end": 757.84, | |
| "text": " but basically keep learning like a language." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 757.84, | |
| "end": 758.6400000000001, | |
| "text": " OK." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 758.6400000000001, | |
| "end": 762.12, | |
| "text": " And the other thing is physical activity, exercise," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 762.12, | |
| "end": 765.36, | |
| "text": " particularly dancing, especially tango." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 765.36, | |
| "end": 766.44, | |
| "text": " But dancing..." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 766.44, | |
| "end": 767.44, | |
| "text": " You tricky, didn't you?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 767.44, | |
| "end": 767.96, | |
| "text": " I did." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 767.96, | |
| "end": 770.72, | |
| "text": " You did. Yes, did." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 770.72, | |
| "end": 773.0, | |
| "text": " Crosswords and coffee every morning." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 773.0, | |
| "end": 776.24, | |
| "text": " The glass of red wine every night." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 776.24, | |
| "end": 778.24, | |
| "text": " I love you." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 778.24, | |
| "end": 781.12, | |
| "text": " I saw first, thank you." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 781.12, | |
| "end": 782.76, | |
| "text": " Keeping company never allowing yourself" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 782.76, | |
| "end": 785.28, | |
| "text": " to become isolated or lonely." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 785.28, | |
| "end": 786.36, | |
| "text": " Your diet?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 786.36, | |
| "end": 786.96, | |
| "text": " Diet?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 786.96, | |
| "end": 787.96, | |
| "text": " Well, not." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 787.96, | |
| "end": 789.32, | |
| "text": " Well, not." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 789.32, | |
| "end": 791.6800000000001, | |
| "text": " To stay in employment, if you're able to?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 791.6800000000001, | |
| "end": 792.96, | |
| "text": " Ah, OK." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 792.96, | |
| "end": 794.36, | |
| "text": " Continuing to work." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 794.36, | |
| "end": 795.84, | |
| "text": " OK, and we've got hand here." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 795.84, | |
| "end": 796.88, | |
| "text": " Get rid of the television." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 796.88, | |
| "end": 800.0, | |
| "text": " Any specific programs or just the whole television?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 800.0, | |
| "end": 802.0, | |
| "text": " Eat Scottish salmon every day." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 802.0, | |
| "end": 804.24, | |
| "text": " I think, like you dance to anything" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 804.24, | |
| "end": 806.4, | |
| "text": " that requires coordination." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 806.4, | |
| "end": 807.84, | |
| "text": " Having enough sleep." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 807.84, | |
| "end": 809.84, | |
| "text": " Being with children." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 809.84, | |
| "end": 811.88, | |
| "text": " We've got lots of great suggestions." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 811.88, | |
| "end": 815.6800000000001, | |
| "text": " So what we'll do is I'll talk about a few of those just now." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 815.6800000000001, | |
| "end": 816.44, | |
| "text": " Susan?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 816.44, | |
| "end": 817.44, | |
| "text": " Yes." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 817.44, | |
| "end": 819.96, | |
| "text": " Tell me word for word every single thing that was just said." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 819.96, | |
| "end": 822.12, | |
| "text": " OK, well, I have to paraphrase, if it's actually here." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 822.12, | |
| "end": 823.4, | |
| "text": " It seems to be that to keep you being young," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 823.4, | |
| "end": 824.84, | |
| "text": " you have to get tangled with the glass of wine" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 824.84, | |
| "end": 826.88, | |
| "text": " whilst eating some salmon with friends" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 826.88, | |
| "end": 829.28, | |
| "text": " and doing a crossword drinking coffee in the company" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 829.28, | |
| "end": 831.72, | |
| "text": " of children and doing a bit of a spiritual prayer," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 831.72, | |
| "end": 832.96, | |
| "text": " as well, doesn't come amiss." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 832.96, | |
| "end": 835.2, | |
| "text": " And also makes you go to good pub and get enough sleep." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 835.2, | |
| "end": 836.76, | |
| "text": " How are you going to do all that whilst cracking more" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 836.76, | |
| "end": 838.08, | |
| "text": " nuts drinking salmon and eating wine?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 838.08, | |
| "end": 839.36, | |
| "text": " I have no idea." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 839.36, | |
| "end": 840.1600000000001, | |
| "text": " Woo!" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 845.1600000000001, | |
| "end": 851.24, | |
| "text": " How much research has been done into this whole field?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 851.24, | |
| "end": 854.76, | |
| "text": " In the UK, internationally, there are hundreds of studies" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 854.76, | |
| "end": 857.8000000000001, | |
| "text": " on aging, on the lifestyle factors that" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 857.8000000000001, | |
| "end": 862.9200000000001, | |
| "text": " might impact thinking skills or aging more broadly, of course." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 862.9599999999999, | |
| "end": 865.04, | |
| "text": " What that's allowed us to do is try to see" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 865.04, | |
| "end": 869.8, | |
| "text": " what are the consistent messages, because we need to be clear" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 869.8, | |
| "end": 872.5999999999999, | |
| "text": " that when we're trying to think about a lifestyle" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 872.5999999999999, | |
| "end": 874.92, | |
| "text": " fact, we've got to see it coming up regularly," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 874.92, | |
| "end": 876.4, | |
| "text": " study after study." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 876.4, | |
| "end": 879.28, | |
| "text": " So hundreds of studies going on, they're all a bit different," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 879.28, | |
| "end": 879.76, | |
| "text": " of course." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 879.76, | |
| "end": 882.4799999999999, | |
| "text": " So sometimes when we're putting the messages together," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 882.4799999999999, | |
| "end": 885.36, | |
| "text": " we've got to compare studies aren't exactly the same." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 885.36, | |
| "end": 889.36, | |
| "text": " But from those studies, we've got a small number of factors" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 889.64, | |
| "end": 893.0, | |
| "text": " that seem to relatively consistently come up." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 893.0, | |
| "end": 897.32, | |
| "text": " But we need to then be clear about how much each of those" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 897.32, | |
| "end": 899.32, | |
| "text": " might influence thinking skills." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 899.32, | |
| "end": 901.96, | |
| "text": " And it's quite likely that each of those may play" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 901.96, | |
| "end": 903.96, | |
| "text": " a relatively small role." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 903.96, | |
| "end": 907.08, | |
| "text": " So therefore, and unfortunately, the message is often," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 907.08, | |
| "end": 908.88, | |
| "text": " there's no single answer." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 908.88, | |
| "end": 912.72, | |
| "text": " There's no single magic solution to preserving" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 912.72, | |
| "end": 914.6800000000001, | |
| "text": " or maintaining thinking skills." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 914.6800000000001, | |
| "end": 917.96, | |
| "text": " But we're starting to get reasonably consistent evidence" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 917.96, | |
| "end": 919.36, | |
| "text": " around certain things." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 919.36, | |
| "end": 921.84, | |
| "text": " And a lot of those things are the kinds of factors" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 921.84, | |
| "end": 924.8000000000001, | |
| "text": " that we might also see are important to other aspects" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 924.8000000000001, | |
| "end": 927.72, | |
| "text": " of health, or well-being, or quality of life." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 927.72, | |
| "end": 928.64, | |
| "text": " Physical activity." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 935.0400000000001, | |
| "end": 937.0, | |
| "text": " So there's your brain, OK?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 937.0, | |
| "end": 939.88, | |
| "text": " As we get older, one of the things that happens" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 939.88, | |
| "end": 941.44, | |
| "text": " is that our brain does shrink a little bit." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 941.44, | |
| "end": 948.2800000000001, | |
| "text": " It's a natural part of the aging process." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 948.2800000000001, | |
| "end": 950.08, | |
| "text": " We call that atrophy." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 950.08, | |
| "end": 953.1600000000001, | |
| "text": " One of the studies that I worked on in Edinburgh" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 953.1600000000001, | |
| "end": 956.5200000000001, | |
| "text": " looked at how that shrinkage was associated" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 956.5200000000001, | |
| "end": 959.7600000000001, | |
| "text": " with how much physical activity people did." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 959.7600000000001, | |
| "end": 960.7600000000001, | |
| "text": " And what did we find?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 960.7600000000001, | |
| "end": 964.1600000000001, | |
| "text": " The people who were more physically active" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 964.1600000000001, | |
| "end": 968.7600000000001, | |
| "text": " seemed to have a bit less of that shrinkage." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 968.76, | |
| "end": 971.96, | |
| "text": " The changes that we physically see in our brain" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 971.96, | |
| "end": 974.4, | |
| "text": " vary from person to person to person." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 974.4, | |
| "end": 977.4, | |
| "text": " And one of the things, as I say, that seemed to be associated" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 977.4, | |
| "end": 982.04, | |
| "text": " with retaining a bit more of that brain volume" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 982.04, | |
| "end": 984.8, | |
| "text": " was being a bit more physically active." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 984.8, | |
| "end": 989.16, | |
| "text": " OK, so let's par that to one side for a second." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 989.16, | |
| "end": 990.96, | |
| "text": " Some people are quite surprised to be, well, hang on," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 990.96, | |
| "end": 993.6, | |
| "text": " why would physical activity be good for thinking skills?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 993.6, | |
| "end": 997.24, | |
| "text": " Surely using the brain is the thing that would be good for the brain" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 997.24, | |
| "end": 999.12, | |
| "text": " to put it very broadly." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 999.12, | |
| "end": 1002.08, | |
| "text": " While the brain is an astonishing organ," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1002.08, | |
| "end": 1003.84, | |
| "text": " it is an organ of the body." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1003.84, | |
| "end": 1006.64, | |
| "text": " So it needs to be kept in the right environment," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1006.64, | |
| "end": 1008.72, | |
| "text": " it needs to be in a healthy body." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1008.72, | |
| "end": 1011.5600000000001, | |
| "text": " So the old adage, healthy body, healthy brain," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1011.5600000000001, | |
| "end": 1015.0, | |
| "text": " healthy brain, healthy body, whichever round you want to put it," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1015.0, | |
| "end": 1018.04, | |
| "text": " does seem to be relatively consistent." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1018.04, | |
| "end": 1019.8, | |
| "text": " And one of the questions that people might ask," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1019.8, | |
| "end": 1024.36, | |
| "text": " then, of course, is it too late to take up activity at any point" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1024.36, | |
| "end": 1026.84, | |
| "text": " should I do a certain kind of activity?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1026.84, | |
| "end": 1030.48, | |
| "text": " And those are the key questions that we're still wrestling a bit with." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1030.48, | |
| "end": 1034.52, | |
| "text": " On the when should I, if people aren't very active," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1034.52, | |
| "end": 1036.84, | |
| "text": " never too late would generally be the advice." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1036.84, | |
| "end": 1038.36, | |
| "text": " And that covers not just thinking skills," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1038.36, | |
| "end": 1041.3999999999999, | |
| "text": " when that's health broadly, there are studies" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1041.3999999999999, | |
| "end": 1045.0, | |
| "text": " that have been done with people in their 70s or their 80s or older," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1045.0, | |
| "end": 1049.52, | |
| "text": " looking at trying to change people's physical activity patterns" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1049.52, | |
| "end": 1054.0, | |
| "text": " and see if that has a benefit and some suggestion that it does." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1054.0, | |
| "end": 1059.72, | |
| "text": " Who thinks coffee is good for thinking skills? Hands up." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1059.72, | |
| "end": 1061.84, | |
| "text": " Hands down, okay." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1061.84, | |
| "end": 1066.4, | |
| "text": " One of my colleagues who studies dietary things, food and drinks," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1066.4, | |
| "end": 1070.96, | |
| "text": " she looked at coffee and she looked at people's caffeine consumption" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1070.96, | |
| "end": 1074.56, | |
| "text": " and she looked at how that was associated with how well they were retaining" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1074.56, | |
| "end": 1076.32, | |
| "text": " their thinking skills in later life." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1076.32, | |
| "end": 1081.96, | |
| "text": " She found that people who drank more coffee generally doing better" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1081.96, | |
| "end": 1085.64, | |
| "text": " on their thinking skills when they were older." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1085.64, | |
| "end": 1089.68, | |
| "text": " Yes. Yes. Yes." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1089.68, | |
| "end": 1092.48, | |
| "text": " Bring out the express on now." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1092.48, | |
| "end": 1097.48, | |
| "text": " But, tea drinkers, on the other hand," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1097.48, | |
| "end": 1102.8400000000001, | |
| "text": " generally doing less well on their thinking skills." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1102.8400000000001, | |
| "end": 1108.28, | |
| "text": " What she found was the people who had come from more affluent" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1108.28, | |
| "end": 1111.0, | |
| "text": " type backgrounds, who had more education," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1111.0, | |
| "end": 1114.32, | |
| "text": " who had more prestigious type jobs." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1114.32, | |
| "end": 1120.16, | |
| "text": " They were more likely to be drinking those posh fancy type coffees." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1120.16, | |
| "end": 1124.84, | |
| "text": " We always have to be very careful when we see some lifestyle factor" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1124.84, | |
| "end": 1128.6399999999999, | |
| "text": " associated with holding on to our thinking skills in later life." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1128.6399999999999, | |
| "end": 1131.16, | |
| "text": " We've got to be very careful and think, well," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1131.16, | |
| "end": 1136.36, | |
| "text": " is that lifestyle factor something that randomly appears in the population?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1136.36, | |
| "end": 1141.08, | |
| "text": " Or is that lifestyle factor the outcome of a whole bunch of other things?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1141.08, | |
| "end": 1146.28, | |
| "text": " Are people with more or less education more likely to do that kind of thing?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1146.28, | |
| "end": 1151.4799999999998, | |
| "text": " Well, Alan, we've come to a busy Edinburgh cafe to explore that idea of diet" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1151.4799999999998, | |
| "end": 1153.3999999999999, | |
| "text": " and the impact on thinking skills a bit more," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1153.3999999999999, | |
| "end": 1155.6399999999999, | |
| "text": " because that's something that's very close to my heart" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1155.6399999999999, | |
| "end": 1157.8799999999999, | |
| "text": " and very interested in the whole food side of things." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1157.8799999999999, | |
| "end": 1163.4799999999998, | |
| "text": " A lot of the work in this field maybe can be put into two very broad camps," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1163.48, | |
| "end": 1166.2, | |
| "text": " not entirely, but very broadly." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1166.2, | |
| "end": 1170.92, | |
| "text": " Research that focuses on individual dietary factors or components" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1170.92, | |
| "end": 1176.52, | |
| "text": " or looking at diet as we do as a more holistic approach" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1176.52, | |
| "end": 1181.24, | |
| "text": " the broad patterns of what we eat and drink." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1181.24, | |
| "end": 1185.56, | |
| "text": " And some of the suggestion would be that it also in terms of information" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1185.56, | |
| "end": 1189.32, | |
| "text": " that people are getting, it's maybe easier to understand" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1189.3999999999999, | |
| "end": 1193.24, | |
| "text": " and to think about diet in those pattern ways" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1193.24, | |
| "end": 1196.84, | |
| "text": " rather than having a list of lots of individual components." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1196.84, | |
| "end": 1199.6399999999999, | |
| "text": " I should eat more of this, more of this, more of this." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1199.6399999999999, | |
| "end": 1202.04, | |
| "text": " You know, actually thinking about what does that look like?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1202.04, | |
| "end": 1209.3999999999999, | |
| "text": " So one of the diets that's very widely studied is what's called the Mediterranean type diet." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1209.3999999999999, | |
| "end": 1214.4399999999998, | |
| "text": " Fish, white meat, more limited red meat or non-vegetables," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1214.4399999999998, | |
| "end": 1217.72, | |
| "text": " pulses, beans, nuts, all of all would be included in that" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1217.72, | |
| "end": 1221.16, | |
| "text": " and occasionally, you know, the red wine type thing." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1221.16, | |
| "end": 1223.72, | |
| "text": " One of my colleagues who looked at dietary patterns," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1223.72, | |
| "end": 1229.16, | |
| "text": " she looked at how closely people's diets matched that Mediterranean type diets." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1229.16, | |
| "end": 1233.0, | |
| "text": " What she found was that the people from this area" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1233.0, | |
| "end": 1239.24, | |
| "text": " whose diets were more Mediterranean type, their brains had higher volume" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1239.24, | |
| "end": 1244.76, | |
| "text": " and less shrinkage than the people who were less likely to be falling on that thing." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1244.84, | |
| "end": 1248.6, | |
| "text": " Really important caveat with all of these lifestyle factors is" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1248.6, | |
| "end": 1251.08, | |
| "text": " where does the information come from?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1251.08, | |
| "end": 1255.16, | |
| "text": " Does it come from observational studies or intervention type studies?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1255.16, | |
| "end": 1258.52, | |
| "text": " And the reason it's important to raise that caveat is because" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1258.52, | |
| "end": 1261.56, | |
| "text": " our lifestyles don't happen in isolation." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1261.56, | |
| "end": 1265.24, | |
| "text": " We're not randomly assigned lifestyle choices." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1265.24, | |
| "end": 1269.96, | |
| "text": " The decision to take up an activity or do a certain thing" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1270.04, | |
| "end": 1273.72, | |
| "text": " is influenced by our background or education," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1273.72, | |
| "end": 1277.56, | |
| "text": " occupation, the people that we encounter." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1277.56, | |
| "end": 1280.52, | |
| "text": " So in the studies that are looking at these things," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1280.52, | |
| "end": 1283.24, | |
| "text": " it's really important to make sure that they are" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1283.24, | |
| "end": 1288.04, | |
| "text": " accounting for or controlling as much as possible for those kinds of things." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1288.04, | |
| "end": 1291.32, | |
| "text": " Because what we do know is that, as I say, people's" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1291.32, | |
| "end": 1295.48, | |
| "text": " dietary choices are not randomly assigned." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1295.48, | |
| "end": 1297.8, | |
| "text": " Give us a cheer if you're retired." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1298.76, | |
| "end": 1301.56, | |
| "text": " Give us a cheer if you're currently working." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1301.56, | |
| "end": 1308.2, | |
| "text": " I think that almost in the case, the point we're trying to make." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1308.2, | |
| "end": 1314.84, | |
| "text": " But some jobs might be really good for our thinking skills as we grow older." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1314.84, | |
| "end": 1321.08, | |
| "text": " Some jobs might be the thing that's keeping us sharp and retirement" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1321.08, | |
| "end": 1323.72, | |
| "text": " for some people, and I say when I say these phrases like" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1323.72, | |
| "end": 1327.32, | |
| "text": " some people are in general, remember I'm not talking about every individual," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1327.32, | |
| "end": 1331.3999999999999, | |
| "text": " but for some people, retirement can be quite a dramatic stop." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1332.12, | |
| "end": 1337.0, | |
| "text": " That's sudden loss for some people can be quite a dramatic problem." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1337.0, | |
| "end": 1341.48, | |
| "text": " Some jobs, however, are not healthy for our thinking skills." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1341.48, | |
| "end": 1347.48, | |
| "text": " We think about retirement as something that is sometimes seen as quite generic," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1347.48, | |
| "end": 1352.28, | |
| "text": " that after a certain age, people would want to retire or should retire." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1352.28, | |
| "end": 1354.6799999999998, | |
| "text": " But actually for different kinds of jobs," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1354.68, | |
| "end": 1358.2, | |
| "text": " there may be reasons why working longer is a good thing" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1358.2, | |
| "end": 1360.44, | |
| "text": " or not working longer is better." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1361.0800000000002, | |
| "end": 1366.1200000000001, | |
| "text": " What might make a change in my thinking skills, might not make a change in yours." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1366.76, | |
| "end": 1374.52, | |
| "text": " So how do you wrestle individuality into this whole equation and come up with some useful" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1374.52, | |
| "end": 1376.3600000000001, | |
| "text": " steps or answers?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1376.92, | |
| "end": 1382.2, | |
| "text": " So you're absolutely right. It is important to always highlight the individual variation" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1382.2, | |
| "end": 1384.3600000000001, | |
| "text": " from person to person to be fair as well." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1384.3600000000001, | |
| "end": 1387.72, | |
| "text": " That's also one of the reasons why we study this whole topic." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1387.72, | |
| "end": 1392.92, | |
| "text": " If everyone aged in the same way at the same rate, that would be interesting," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1392.92, | |
| "end": 1395.72, | |
| "text": " but it would be a very different thing would be studying." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1395.72, | |
| "end": 1398.76, | |
| "text": " We'd be studying a very fixed set process," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1398.76, | |
| "end": 1400.6000000000001, | |
| "text": " because people are different." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1400.6000000000001, | |
| "end": 1407.88, | |
| "text": " That underlines that there may be many factors associated with why someone might be doing quite well," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1407.88, | |
| "end": 1410.1200000000001, | |
| "text": " as they age with respect to the thinking skills," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1410.12, | |
| "end": 1412.12, | |
| "text": " where as someone else may experience changes." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1412.12, | |
| "end": 1417.6399999999999, | |
| "text": " So our job as researchers is to try and make the clearest recommendations." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1417.6399999999999, | |
| "end": 1421.9599999999998, | |
| "text": " But while being clear, these are on average in general," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1421.9599999999998, | |
| "end": 1426.9199999999998, | |
| "text": " and not yet at the level of individualised medicine, for example." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1426.9199999999998, | |
| "end": 1431.32, | |
| "text": " We focused on the kinds of things that you think were quite good for thinking skills." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1431.32, | |
| "end": 1436.28, | |
| "text": " Let's very quickly shout one or two things you think might be really bad for thinking skills." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1437.3999999999999, | |
| "end": 1437.8, | |
| "text": " Stress?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1438.12, | |
| "end": 1439.32, | |
| "text": " Loneliness?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1439.32, | |
| "end": 1439.56, | |
| "text": " Loneliness?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1440.9199999999998, | |
| "end": 1441.3999999999999, | |
| "text": " Smoking?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1442.68, | |
| "end": 1443.08, | |
| "text": " Balls?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1444.2, | |
| "end": 1444.68, | |
| "text": " Boos?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1447.1599999999999, | |
| "end": 1448.84, | |
| "text": " Am I misunderstanding how balls work?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1450.2, | |
| "end": 1450.68, | |
| "text": " Boos?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1451.6399999999999, | |
| "end": 1453.56, | |
| "text": " Let's grab two of them." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1453.56, | |
| "end": 1454.36, | |
| "text": " Susan?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1454.36, | |
| "end": 1455.08, | |
| "text": " That's me." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1455.08, | |
| "end": 1457.48, | |
| "text": " Are you a smoker or a not smoker?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1458.28, | |
| "end": 1459.3999999999999, | |
| "text": " Oh right, I do." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1459.3999999999999, | |
| "end": 1462.2, | |
| "text": " Okay, so I'm using Susan purely as an example," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1462.2, | |
| "end": 1464.9199999999998, | |
| "text": " because I'm not going to ask everyone individually if they do or don't smoke." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1464.9199999999998, | |
| "end": 1466.76, | |
| "text": " But this is your brain." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1467.8799999999999, | |
| "end": 1472.12, | |
| "text": " The cortical layer, that's the outside bit of the brain." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1472.12, | |
| "end": 1476.68, | |
| "text": " In some of the most recent work that they've done, they've found that people who smoke" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1477.72, | |
| "end": 1483.8799999999999, | |
| "text": " have thinner cortical layers, the bit of the brain where the thinking cells reside." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1484.84, | |
| "end": 1488.36, | |
| "text": " But really important to not leave you on a massive donor." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1488.36, | |
| "end": 1492.36, | |
| "text": " What they found, because they were able to compare people who were never smokers," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1493.48, | |
| "end": 1496.84, | |
| "text": " people who had given up smoking, and people who were current smokers." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1496.84, | |
| "end": 1497.8799999999999, | |
| "text": " And you know what they found." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1497.8799999999999, | |
| "end": 1501.08, | |
| "text": " The people who had given up smoking at some point," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1501.08, | |
| "end": 1506.36, | |
| "text": " the thickness of their cortical layer was more similar to the non-smokers," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1506.36, | |
| "end": 1509.1599999999999, | |
| "text": " the longer they had not been smoking for." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1510.52, | |
| "end": 1515.48, | |
| "text": " Now for a complete reversal, the rest of it was it could take 25 years." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1515.48, | |
| "end": 1518.12, | |
| "text": " So explain where you're going from here." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1518.12, | |
| "end": 1521.9599999999998, | |
| "text": " What's your current research, which is involving intervention, isn't it?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1521.96, | |
| "end": 1528.1200000000001, | |
| "text": " Our ongoing research programme is about recruiting people into intervention study." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1528.1200000000001, | |
| "end": 1534.92, | |
| "text": " We asked them to do a whole bunch of thinking tests, physical tests, give us some details about lifestyle." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1534.92, | |
| "end": 1540.8400000000001, | |
| "text": " And after that, we then helped them to take up an entirely new activity in the community." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1540.8400000000001, | |
| "end": 1547.32, | |
| "text": " So it may be anything ranging from language classes to physical activity groups or classes," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1547.32, | |
| "end": 1551.16, | |
| "text": " to learning to use computers, to social groups, a whole range of things." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1551.96, | |
| "end": 1556.2, | |
| "text": " Once they've done that for a few months, they'll then come back and repeat the assessments." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1556.2, | |
| "end": 1563.0, | |
| "text": " So over the next year and a half, the studies ongoing will be hoping to recruit about 300 people into that study." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1563.0, | |
| "end": 1572.1200000000001, | |
| "text": " And we'll be comparing how each activity or type of activity has any impact on thinking skills generally." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1572.1200000000001, | |
| "end": 1578.04, | |
| "text": " And we're going to be comparing the social component, the mental component, and the physical component." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1578.04, | |
| "end": 1581.48, | |
| "text": " So that's the question that we're trying to address in that study." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1581.48, | |
| "end": 1588.84, | |
| "text": " We need to get a better handle on what kinds of stimulation or what kinds of changes might be good." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1588.84, | |
| "end": 1594.52, | |
| "text": " Very broadly, we've seen studies that show physical activity may be beneficial." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1594.52, | |
| "end": 1600.44, | |
| "text": " Social engagement and particularly engagement with people in new environments might be beneficial." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1600.44, | |
| "end": 1605.96, | |
| "text": " Mental challenge, but mental challenge in a sense of learning something that's entirely new might be beneficial." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1606.3600000000001, | |
| "end": 1612.3600000000001, | |
| "text": " So we're at that stage now of trying to combine some of that information in this current study" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1612.3600000000001, | |
| "end": 1615.32, | |
| "text": " and mix some of those factors up a bit as well." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1615.32, | |
| "end": 1618.1200000000001, | |
| "text": " We're unlikely to be able to say, you know what?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1618.1200000000001, | |
| "end": 1621.72, | |
| "text": " To keep our thinking skills sharp as we get older." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1621.72, | |
| "end": 1623.24, | |
| "text": " Do this one simple thing." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1623.96, | |
| "end": 1626.04, | |
| "text": " Really sorry, the play isn't one simple thing." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1626.04, | |
| "end": 1629.72, | |
| "text": " And unfortunately, there's probably no actual guarantee." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1629.72, | |
| "end": 1632.44, | |
| "text": " And this is why when I'm studying these things," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1632.52, | |
| "end": 1639.64, | |
| "text": " I try to study things that might also make us happier, better connected, more socially engaged." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1639.64, | |
| "end": 1644.8400000000001, | |
| "text": " Because if it helps your thinking skills, fantastic, that will allow us to continue living independently," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1644.8400000000001, | |
| "end": 1649.0, | |
| "text": " to continue driving, looking after our finances, et cetera, et cetera." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1649.0, | |
| "end": 1653.96, | |
| "text": " But if it doesn't help your thinking skills, but it helps you become more engaged with other people." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1653.96, | |
| "end": 1657.8, | |
| "text": " To go into new environments, that is equally important." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1658.76, | |
| "end": 1662.76, | |
| "text": " We have so many questions about how thinking skills change with age." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1662.76, | |
| "end": 1665.8, | |
| "text": " And I'll leave you with the reason that it's so important to study that." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1665.8, | |
| "end": 1669.72, | |
| "text": " And it's because in our big survey, we asked people," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1669.72, | |
| "end": 1671.72, | |
| "text": " how concerned they might be about those changes?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1671.72, | |
| "end": 1673.0, | |
| "text": " And you know what?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1673.0, | |
| "end": 1679.1599999999999, | |
| "text": " Almost eight out of ten of the people that took part in that survey said they had some fear" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1679.1599999999999, | |
| "end": 1683.3999999999999, | |
| "text": " or concern that their thinking skills might decline in the future." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1683.3999999999999, | |
| "end": 1684.68, | |
| "text": " I've forgotten this last twice." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1684.68, | |
| "end": 1685.08, | |
| "text": " I've done it." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1685.08, | |
| "end": 1687.1599999999999, | |
| "text": " I do have a visual pun, if you wouldn't mind." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1687.8, | |
| "end": 1688.9199999999998, | |
| "text": " As we finish this short, ready?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1688.9199999999998, | |
| "end": 1690.36, | |
| "text": " It is. It's a fringe, ready?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1693.24, | |
| "end": 1693.8, | |
| "text": " Anyone?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1693.8, | |
| "end": 1694.68, | |
| "text": " Ready, ready?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1694.68, | |
| "end": 1696.12, | |
| "text": " Greenwave, thank you very much." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1699.1599999999999, | |
| "end": 1702.44, | |
| "text": " I appreciate we've covered a lot of ground in this brainwaves," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1702.44, | |
| "end": 1707.08, | |
| "text": " but with any luck, we've peaked your interest in what might keep you sharp." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1707.08, | |
| "end": 1710.68, | |
| "text": " And the next time you boil the kettle, put off going for that run," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1710.68, | |
| "end": 1714.6, | |
| "text": " or did the overweather to change job or even learn the tango?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1714.6, | |
| "end": 1719.08, | |
| "text": " You're mull over what that decision may or may not mean for your brain." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1719.8799999999999, | |
| "end": 1722.6, | |
| "text": " A big thanks to associate professor Alan Gow from Harriet," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1722.6, | |
| "end": 1726.4399999999998, | |
| "text": " what university for letting us eavesdrop on his work on how to stay sharp?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1726.4399999999998, | |
| "end": 1730.9199999999998, | |
| "text": " If you want to find out more or even volunteer to take part in some of Alan's research," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1730.9199999999998, | |
| "end": 1734.28, | |
| "text": " then head to the brainwaves page of the BBC Radio Scotland website" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1734.28, | |
| "end": 1735.7199999999998, | |
| "text": " where you'll find all the links." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1735.7199999999998, | |
| "end": 1739.6399999999999, | |
| "text": " And if you missed any of today's programme, you can download the free podcast." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1745.24, | |
| "end": 1750.28, | |
| "text": " So that was Brainwaves from BBC Scotland." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1750.28, | |
| "end": 1752.28, | |
| "text": " I lived in Glasgow for a little while. You know that, right?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1752.28, | |
| "end": 1753.24, | |
| "text": " I didn't know that." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1753.24, | |
| "end": 1754.4399999999998, | |
| "text": " Yeah, what were you doing there?" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1754.4399999999998, | |
| "end": 1767.3999999999999, | |
| "text": " I was studying. I was there studying, while I was pretending to study a little bit." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1768.36, | |
| "end": 1772.12, | |
| "text": " Anyway, that was presented by Penny Latin, and there are new episodes weekly," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1772.12, | |
| "end": 1776.04, | |
| "text": " if you want those sweet Scottish accents in your ear on the reg," | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1777.0, | |
| "end": 1781.56, | |
| "text": " go subscribe to it, listen more episodes, and subscribe to us if you haven't subscribed to us already." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1782.36, | |
| "end": 1785.6399999999999, | |
| "text": " Thanks very much for listening, and we'll see you next time." | |
| } | |
| ] |