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+UuzWMk6yaH0-00001-00004020-00004286 [Music]
+UuzWMk6yaH0-00002-00004287-00005099 hey
+UuzWMk6yaH0-00003-00005100-00006359 [Music]
+UuzWMk6yaH0-00004-00006360-00006780 so
+UuzWMk6yaH0-00006-00010384-00010680 foreign
+UuzWMk6yaH0-00008-00014040-00014446 yes
+UuzWMk6yaH0-00009-00014447-00015999 [Music]
+UuzWMk6yaH0-00010-00016000-00016471 [Music]
+UuzWMk6yaH0-00011-00016472-00016868 do
+UuzWMk6yaH0-00012-00016869-00018279 [Music]
+UuzWMk6yaH0-00013-00018280-00018481 foreign
+UuzWMk6yaH0-00014-00018482-00019550 [Music]
+UuzWMk6yaH0-00015-00019551-00019759 foreign
+UvXlMRrJudU-00000-00000036-00000999 [Music]
+UvXlMRrJudU-00001-00001000-00001158 during the housing crisis there
+UvXlMRrJudU-00002-00001159-00001358 is a severe shortage of social housing
+UvXlMRrJudU-00003-00001359-00001478 in coventry
+UvXlMRrJudU-00004-00001479-00001663 there are currently over 13 000
+UvXlMRrJudU-00005-00001664-00001902 households on the waiting list
+UvXlMRrJudU-00006-00001903-00002087 the best option to find housing in
+UvXlMRrJudU-00007-00002088-00002423 coventry is in the private sector
+UvXlMRrJudU-00008-00002424-00002607 during your housing assessment your
+UvXlMRrJudU-00009-00002608-00002783 housing officer will work with you
+UvXlMRrJudU-00010-00002784-00003031 to try to resolve your housing need and
+UvXlMRrJudU-00011-00003032-00003110 where possible
+UvXlMRrJudU-00012-00003111-00003286 they will try to prevent you from losing
+UvXlMRrJudU-00013-00003288-00003486 your home
+UvXlMRrJudU-00014-00003488-00003638 we will work with you to create a
+UvXlMRrJudU-00015-00003639-00003879 personal housing plan that sets out what
+UvXlMRrJudU-00016-00003879-00003919 you
+UvXlMRrJudU-00017-00003920-00004054 and your housing officer will be
+UvXlMRrJudU-00018-00004055-00004283 required to do to address your housing
+UvXlMRrJudU-00019-00004284-00004422 situation
+UvXlMRrJudU-00020-00004423-00004606 as there are far more private rented
+UvXlMRrJudU-00021-00004607-00004751 properties on the market
+UvXlMRrJudU-00022-00004752-00004886 this means that there is more
+UvXlMRrJudU-00023-00004887-00005079 opportunity for flexibility
+UvXlMRrJudU-00024-00005080-00005238 this also means that you can choose the
+UvXlMRrJudU-00025-00005239-00005447 right property which suits your needs
+UvXlMRrJudU-00026-00005448-00005670 and in an area of your choice
+UvXlMRrJudU-00027-00005671-00005822 your housing officer can support you
+UvXlMRrJudU-00028-00005823-00006054 with this process
+UvXlMRrJudU-00029-00006055-00006238 we can offer you a range of incentives
+UvXlMRrJudU-00030-00006239-00006431 to help you secure accommodation in the
+UvXlMRrJudU-00031-00006431-00006575 private sector
+UvXlMRrJudU-00032-00006576-00006703 this includes assistance with
+UvXlMRrJudU-00033-00006704-00006903 discretionary housing payments
+UvXlMRrJudU-00034-00006904-00007087 and we can help you with a deposit and
+UvXlMRrJudU-00035-00007088-00007239 rent in advance
+UvXlMRrJudU-00036-00007240-00007446 we can also refer you for benefits and
+UvXlMRrJudU-00037-00007447-00007591 debt advice
+UvXlMRrJudU-00038-00007592-00007751 your housing officer will help you to
+UvXlMRrJudU-00039-00007752-00008640 explore all of these options
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00000-00000000-00000221 I'm Sarah Morehouse one of the
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00001-00000222-00000422 librarians at Empire State College in
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00002-00000423-00000623 this video I will introduce you to the
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00003-00000624-00000836 idea of fair use and how it works within
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00004-00000836-00001183 copyright law because copyright exists
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00005-00001184-00001349 to promote intellectual and scientific
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00006-00001350-00001586 progress it needs to balance the needs
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00007-00001587-00001793 of content creators with the needs of
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00008-00001794-00002150 content users in other words an author's
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00009-00002151-00002306 right to make money from their works
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00010-00002307-00002489 can't be allowed to lock down those
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00011-00002490-00002687 works so much that nobody can use them
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00012-00002688-00002827 for purposes that are generally
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00013-00002828-00003137 considered useful to society fair use is
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00014-00003138-00003308 the part of copyright law that allows
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00015-00003309-00003697 that balance to exist fair uses into
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00016-00003698-00003915 clear-cut exemption like educational use
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00017-00003917-00004186 instead it's a flexible legal defense
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00018-00004187-00004358 that you can use if you're taken to
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00019-00004359-00004643 court for copyright infringement some
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00020-00004644-00004831 people consider fair use risky because
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00021-00004832-00005135 it's not cut and dry fair use is decided
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00022-00005136-00005327 based on a balance of four factors and
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00023-00005328-00005497 it can seem to be a very subjective
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00024-00005498-00005797 balance the statute itself doesn't
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00025-00005798-00006056 provide much guidance so we have to rely
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00026-00006057-00006233 on decisions that come down from the
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00027-00006234-00006413 federal courts and the Supreme Court to
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00028-00006414-00006623 give us an idea of what constitutes fair
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00029-00006623-00006928 use and what doesn't this video will
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00030-00006929-00007133 focus on how the four-factor balance
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00031-00007134-00007378 works another video will address the
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00032-00007379-00007514 various precedents that have
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00033-00007515-00007717 implications for understanding fair use
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00034-00007718-00007967 you can also read through the copyright
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00035-00007968-00008095 case studies to gain a deeper
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00036-00008097-00008349 understanding of how fair use works
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00037-00008350-00008576 first I'd like to clear up some
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00038-00008577-00008813 confusions about what is and is not fair
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00039-00008814-00009092 use just because your organization is a
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00040-00009093-00009344 not-for-profit or your use doesn't make
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00041-00009345-00009553 you any money doesn't necessarily mean
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00042-00009554-00009884 it's very use second just because your
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00043-00009885-00010033 organization is an accredited
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00044-00010034-00010328 educational institution or your use is
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00045-00010329-00010564 strictly educational doesn't necessarily
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00046-00010565-00010906 mean it's fair use third fair use does
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00047-00010907-00011135 favor criticism and commentary but
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00048-00011136-00011314 simply being a critical work doesn't
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00049-00011315-00011567 necessarily favor fair use and the
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00050-00011568-00011819 creative artistic or dramatic nature of
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00051-00011820-00012049 your use has absolutely no bearing on
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00052-00012050-00012374 fair use while fair use does favor
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00053-00012375-00012571 transformative works that completely
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00054-00012572-00012824 change and repurpose the original just
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00055-00012825-00013063 because your use is a remix or a mash-up
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00056-00013064-00013338 doesn't necessarily make it fair use
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00057-00013340-00013605 and finally there are some urban legends
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00058-00013606-00013774 going around about how much of a work
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00059-00013775-00013972 you can use and it still qualifies as
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00060-00013972-00014224 fair use there is no safe number of
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00061-00014225-00014478 words or pages and no save percentage of
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00062-00014479-00014739 a work to use less is considered better
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00063-00014740-00015000 but people have been successfully sued
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00064-00015001-00015186 for infringement for quoting only a
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00065-00015187-00015434 couple of sentences on the other hand
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00066-00015435-00015694 taking much more than that is sometimes
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00067-00015694-00015936 considered fair use it all depends on
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00068-00015937-00016300 the four factors fair use is determined
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00069-00016301-00016461 based on the balance of those four
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00070-00016462-00016711 factors that doesn't mean that all four
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00071-00016712-00016950 factors have to be in favor it just
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00072-00016951-00017155 means that each of the four factors must
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00073-00017156-00017400 be weighed and as a whole they must be
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00074-00017401-00017706 weighing on the side of fair use the
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00075-00017707-00017886 first factor is the purpose and
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00076-00017887-00018208 character of your use this is the factor
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00077-00018209-00018378 where it's advantageous to be doing
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00078-00018379-00018561 something that copyright law explicitly
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00079-00018562-00018844 considers socially beneficial those
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00080-00018845-00019014 things are criticism and comment
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00081-00019015-00019280 including parody news reporting and
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00082-00019281-00019558 education and research it's also
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00083-00019559-00019797 established that making a single copy of
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00084-00019798-00019972 something for your own personal use
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00085-00019973-00020247 counts as fair use this includes things
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00086-00020248-00020472 like putting mp3s on your iPod and
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00087-00020473-00020694 photocopying journal articles in the
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00088-00020695-00020992 library the purpose and character of
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00089-00020993-00021199 your use factor is where you take into
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00090-00021200-00021372 consideration whether your use is
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00091-00021373-00021652 transformative simply copying something
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00092-00021653-00021889 is less likely to be favorable for the
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00093-00021890-00022114 first factor than transforming it in
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00094-00022115-00022383 some way an example of a transformative
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00095-00022384-00022600 work is captioning a music video to
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00096-00022601-00022794 highlight examples of race and gender
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00097-00022795-00023064 stereotypes first you transformed its
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00098-00023065-00023299 purpose the old product was meant to
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00099-00023300-00023524 entertain and the new product is meant
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00100-00023525-00023775 to provoke thought and educate second
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00101-00023776-00023902 you changed it by adding your own
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00102-00023903-00024147 expression to it so that the new product
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00103-00024148-00024475 can't be substituted for the old one the
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00104-00024476-00024649 second factor is the nature and
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00105-00024650-00024905 character of the work being used
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00106-00024906-00025161 copyright law is explicitly meant to
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00107-00025162-00025350 promote progress and knowledge science
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00108-00025351-00025539 and technology it never mentions
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00109-00025540-00025737 promoting culture literature and the
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00110-00025738-00026034 arts because of that priority using a
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00111-00026035-00026242 nonfiction work is more favorable to
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00112-00026243-00026476 fair use than using a fictional artistic
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00113-00026477-00026635 or dramatic work
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00114-00026636-00026892 your use is more likely to be a fair use
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00115-00026893-00027086 if you're using a published work
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00116-00027087-00027289 unpublished works are more strictly
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00117-00027289-00027592 protected the reason is if a work is
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00118-00027593-00027786 unpublished the copyright owner should
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00119-00027787-00027942 have the right to reveal it to the world
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00120-00027943-00028185 or withhold it in any way they choose
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00121-00028186-00028482 someone else shouldn't get to usurp that
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00122-00028483-00028746 the third factor is the amount and
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00123-00028747-00028968 substantiality of the work that is taken
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00124-00028969-00029185 there is no amount that's considered
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00125-00029186-00029433 absolutely safe but neither is there an
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00126-00029434-00029680 amount that's definitely too much when
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00127-00029681-00029874 you're taking from a work think of how
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00128-00029875-00030049 much you're taking in proportion to the
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00129-00030050-00030267 work as a whole but it's just as
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00130-00030268-00030460 important to think about how significant
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00131-00030461-00030621 what you're taking is to the work as a
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00132-00030622-00030886 whole if it's the heart or the backbone
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00133-00030887-00031101 of the work that's less likely to be
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00134-00031102-00031314 fair use than if it's something minor or
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00135-00031315-00031717 peripheral the classic example is a case
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00136-00031718-00031905 where a book reviewer took a few lines
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00137-00031906-00032104 from a biography of President Gerald
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00138-00032105-00032335 Ford normally that's a clear case of
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00139-00032336-00032595 fair use a short quote used for
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00140-00032596-00032820 criticism and commentary but the book
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00141-00032821-00033055 reviewer lost the case because those few
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00142-00033056-00033232 lines were the ones that revealed for
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00143-00033233-00033499 the first time why President Ford chose
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00144-00033500-00033699 to pardoned Richard Nixon for Watergate
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00145-00033700-00033912 the court agreed with the copyright
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00146-00033913-00034086 owner that that was the heart and soul
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00147-00034087-00034354 of the work and by taking it the book
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00148-00034355-00034635 review author had gone beyond fair use
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00149-00034636-00034890 obviously that's an extreme example on
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00150-00034891-00035155 the other extreme parodies often get
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00151-00035156-00035329 away with taking huge chunks of the
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00152-00035330-00035626 original material but to be safe just
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00153-00035627-00035782 take as little as you can from the
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00154-00035783-00035958 copyrighted work and still accomplish
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00155-00035959-00036217 what you need to do and above all pay
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00156-00036218-00036514 attention to the other three factors the
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00157-00036515-00036696 de minimis defense is a special
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00158-00036697-00036874 situation where a copyright owners
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00159-00036875-00037065 complaint is dismissed from the courts
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00160-00037066-00037317 because the alleged infringer has taken
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00161-00037318-00037518 such a tiny piece of the original or
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00162-00037519-00037732 used it in such an obscure and
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00163-00037733-00037952 incidental way that it's unrecognizable
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00164-00037953-00038286 there is no clear line but cases that
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00165-00038287-00038464 are considered de minimis generally
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00166-00038465-00038710 involve pieces of the original work but
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00167-00038711-00038899 are used in such a way that an ordinary
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00168-00038900-00039130 observer wouldn't notice them or at
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00169-00039131-00039351 least wouldn't recognize them for
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00170-00039352-00039580 example if a picture is hanging on the
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00171-00039581-00039832 wall in a movie set but it's partially
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00172-00039833-00039979 behind a pillar and it never
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00173-00039980-00040224 comes into focus that's likely to be de
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00174-00040225-00040489 minimis if somebody's cell phone rings
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00175-00040490-00040699 the first chord of a song during an
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00176-00040700-00040896 interview for your documentary that
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00177-00040897-00041260 might be de minimis the fourth factor is
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00178-00041261-00041412 the effect on the market for the
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00179-00041413-00041661 original work although it's only one of
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00180-00041662-00041920 the four factors and it's listed last if
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00181-00041921-00042151 you pay attention to copyright decisions
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00182-00042152-00042346 that are handed down you can see that
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00183-00042347-00042630 this factor weighs more heavily that may
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00184-00042631-00042843 or may not be right but you need to take
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00185-00042844-00042979 it into consideration when you're
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00186-00042980-00043208 considering if your use is fair use if
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00187-00043209-00043455 somebody stands to lose money because of
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00188-00043456-00043671 what you're doing you're very likely to
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00189-00043672-00043908 get in trouble one thing you should
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00190-00043909-00044101 never do if you want to claim fair use
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00191-00044102-00044386 is copy a significant chunk of the
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00192-00044387-00044577 original work and make it available in
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00193-00044578-00044758 such a way that it can be taken back out
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00194-00044759-00045049 of the context you put it in for example
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00195-00045050-00045205 if you make a music video with a
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00196-00045206-00045411 copyrighted song and a moving collage of
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00197-00045412-00045645 your own pictures you're making someone
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00198-00045646-00045895 else's song available for free even if
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00199-00045896-00046060 you did add the pictures and your own
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00200-00046061-00046305 original expression not only are you
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00201-00046306-00046486 making it possible for people to listen
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00202-00046487-00046654 to the copyright owner song without
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00203-00046655-00046876 paying them for it you're competing with
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00204-00046877-00047035 them for the market for music videos
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00205-00047036-00047293 based on their song and that market
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00206-00047294-00047496 belongs to them exclusively until their
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00207-00047497-00047854 copyright expires in court decisions the
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00208-00047855-00048043 judges also take into account not just
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00209-00048044-00048289 the market for the original work but the
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00210-00048290-00048465 potential market for derivative works
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00211-00048466-00048630 that the copyright owner might want to
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00212-00048631-00048858 make in the future that means that if
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00213-00048859-00049077 you've created a sequel spin-off or
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00214-00049078-00049236 supporting material based on the
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00215-00049237-00049501 original work it may be unfavorable in
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00216-00049502-00049849 terms of the fourth factor one exception
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00217-00049850-00050133 to all that is again parodies parodies
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00218-00050134-00050340 may appropriate most of an original work
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00219-00050341-00050551 and destroy the market for it and that's
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00220-00050552-00050730 considered acceptable because of the
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00221-00050731-00051010 role parodies play in society as free
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00222-00051011-00051246 speech critiques but the rule is very
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00223-00051247-00051471 strict that for it to count is fair use
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00224-00051472-00051639 the parody needs to be mocking the
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00225-00051640-00051876 original material or the ideas within
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00226-00051877-00052140 the original material if you appropriate
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00227-00052141-00052350 someone else's copyrighted work to mott
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00228-00052351-00052603 something entirely unrelated that
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00229-00052604-00052801 follows the same fair use rules as any
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00230-00052802-00053063 other kind of criticism and commentary
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00231-00053064-00053376 so the four factors are one how you're
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00232-00053377-00053652 using the material to what kind of
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00233-00053653-00053966 material is it three how much and how
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00234-00053967-00054174 significant is the material you're using
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00235-00054175-00054483 and for what effect will your use have
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00236-00054484-00054669 on the market for the original material
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00237-00054670-00054917 and it's derivative works all four of
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00238-00054919-00055101 these factors have to be considered to
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00239-00055102-00055350 decide fair use they don't all have to
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00240-00055351-00055563 be favorable but the overall balance
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00241-00055564-00055794 does click this link for a checklist
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00242-00055795-00055991 that will help you calculate the balance
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00243-00055992-00056192 of the four factors whenever you're
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00244-00056194-00056354 trying to decide whether something is
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00245-00056355-00056705 fair use next I want to talk about fair
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00246-00056707-00056954 use online some people say it can't be
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00247-00056955-00057219 done i say it can but in very rare cases
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00248-00057220-00057510 and it's tricky the reason for that is
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00249-00057511-00057755 the fourth factor market effect the
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00250-00057757-00057894 fourth factor is almost always
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00251-00057895-00058086 catastrophic alee bad in the online
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00252-00058087-00058347 environment a person with a computer
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00253-00058348-00058505 that's connected to the internet can
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00254-00058507-00058695 make a theoretically infinite number of
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00255-00058696-00058979 perfect copies practically for free and
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00256-00058980-00059244 share them with anyone and everyone the
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00257-00059245-00059417 person's potential audiences worldwide
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00258-00059419-00059661 in other words there are no natural
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00259-00059662-00059898 barriers to flooding the market as you
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00260-00059899-00060045 can see from all the pirated music
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00261-00060046-00060240 movies and TV shows that you can
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00262-00060241-00060554 download so in general if you're going
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00263-00060555-00060747 to put something online you should get
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00264-00060748-00060948 permission and not try to use fair use
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00265-00060949-00061233 but this isn't an absolute rule you
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00266-00061234-00061425 might be able to claim fair use online
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00267-00061426-00061647 if the other three factors are in favor
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00268-00061648-00061884 of fair use and you make sure that you
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00269-00061885-00062127 limit any negative market effect there
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00270-00062128-00062277 are two big ways you can limit your
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00271-00062278-00062583 negative market effect the first way is
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00272-00062584-00062721 to make sure your use is a
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00273-00062722-00062946 transformative use that means you're
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00274-00062947-00063191 changing its nature and its purpose you
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00275-00063192-00063408 have to create a remix or a mash-up not
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00276-00063409-00063666 a copy the product you create has to be
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00277-00063666-00063864 something totally new that can't
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00278-00063865-00064103 conceivably substitute for the original
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00279-00064104-00064371 on the second way to limit your negative
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00280-00064372-00064560 market effect on line is very simple
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00281-00064561-00064827 limit access to it and limit people's
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00282-00064828-00065049 ability to make copies of their own from
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00283-00065050-00065307 it to limit access put it behind a
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00284-00065308-00065574 password limiting people's ability to
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00285-00065575-00065793 make copies is trickier especially for
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00286-00065794-00066063 images and text but for audio and video
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00287-00066064-00066294 files put them on a streaming server
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00288-00066295-00066363 rather
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00289-00066364-00066624 making them available for download you
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00290-00066625-00066816 should always include a notice that the
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00291-00066817-00067044 content is copyrighted and you should
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00292-00067045-00067353 always cite the author so if your other
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00293-00067354-00067548 three factors are balanced in favor of
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00294-00067549-00067764 fair use and what you're doing is a
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00295-00067765-00067977 thoroughly transformative use that can't
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00296-00067978-00068232 substitute for the original and you play
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00297-00068233-00068478 solid restrictions on access and copying
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00298-00068479-00068718 it's probably safe to claim fair use
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00299-00068719-00069009 online but as you can guess that doesn't
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00300-00069010-00069315 happen very often this concludes the
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00301-00069316-00069570 fair use video because this is such a
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00302-00069571-00069780 large topic I've created a separate
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00303-00069781-00069990 video concerning how fair use supplies
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00304-00069991-00070193 or doesn't apply in various scenarios
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00305-00070194-00070473 based on Federal Circuit and Supreme
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00306-00070474-00070752 Court precedents please also see our
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00307-00070753-00071040 other videos on what is copyright public
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00308-00071041-00071331 domain getting permission and more you
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00309-00071332-00071541 can also use the library's copyright
+Ux5CUsm3n54-00310-00071542-00071931 information website as a quick reference
+UykM6w7RvYY-00000-00000099-00001491 [Music]
+UykM6w7RvYY-00001-00001492-00001620 you
+UykM6w7RvYY-00002-00001621-00002883 [Music]
+UykM6w7RvYY-00003-00002884-00003351 muhammad
+UykM6w7RvYY-00004-00003352-00004527 [Music]
+UykM6w7RvYY-00005-00004528-00004695 where does it say that the godhead is
+UykM6w7RvYY-00006-00004696-00004902 three in one is three in one
+UykM6w7RvYY-00007-00004903-00005206 hindus one is a simple question finally
+UykM6w7RvYY-00008-00005207-00005295 one verse
+UykM6w7RvYY-00009-00005296-00005551 from genesis from genesis let me finish
+UykM6w7RvYY-00010-00005552-00005615 as well right
+UykM6w7RvYY-00011-00005616-00005911 from genesis to revelation yeah yeah i'm
+UykM6w7RvYY-00012-00005912-00006038 making a context here yeah
+UykM6w7RvYY-00013-00006039-00006302 from genesis to revelation not from your
+UykM6w7RvYY-00014-00006303-00006463 understanding oh what you speak while
+UykM6w7RvYY-00015-00006464-00006575 you say what you do
+UykM6w7RvYY-00016-00006576-00006839 from genesis to revelation where is a
+UykM6w7RvYY-00017-00006840-00007039 single verse that states
+UykM6w7RvYY-00018-00007040-00007351 the father the son the holy ghost are
+UykM6w7RvYY-00019-00007352-00007510 three in one they are the godhead that
+UykM6w7RvYY-00020-00007511-00007614 i'm referring to
+UykM6w7RvYY-00021-00007615-00007846 go ahead it would be clear all right
+UykM6w7RvYY-00022-00007847-00008078 that would be one of the fundamentals
+UykM6w7RvYY-00023-00008079-00008255 go ahead and answer the question what
+UykM6w7RvYY-00024-00008256-00008399 i'm going to be 100 honest
+UykM6w7RvYY-00025-00008400-00008655 yeah he's not there already he's not
+UykM6w7RvYY-00026-00008656-00008751 there and
+UykM6w7RvYY-00027-00008752-00008935 hang on yeah before i start people
+UykM6w7RvYY-00028-00008936-00009071 answer this question yeah go ahead you
+UykM6w7RvYY-00029-00009072-00009167 know what i'm going to say
+UykM6w7RvYY-00030-00009168-00009374 i know yeah when he was baptized by
+UykM6w7RvYY-00031-00009375-00009487 yahya yeah
+UykM6w7RvYY-00032-00009488-00009878 in the river he was baptized by john
+UykM6w7RvYY-00034-00012887-00013135 from heaven said this by his spirit the
+UykM6w7RvYY-00035-00013136-00013271 spirit of god appeared
+UykM6w7RvYY-00036-00013272-00013583 sure this is my beloved son in whom
+UykM6w7RvYY-00037-00013584-00013775 i am well pleased and the spirit of god
+UykM6w7RvYY-00038-00013776-00013935 hovered over there
+UykM6w7RvYY-00039-00013936-00014111 because you say that's not in the angel
+UykM6w7RvYY-00040-00014112-00014238 what's in the angel
+UykM6w7RvYY-00041-00014240-00014575 everything that fits in with islam how
+UykM6w7RvYY-00042-00014576-00014703 convenient is very
+UykM6w7RvYY-00043-00014704-00014886 it's very smart here that you avoided my
+UykM6w7RvYY-00044-00014887-00015079 question because you don't have an
+UykM6w7RvYY-00045-00015080-00015230 answer that's fair do you mean it you
+UykM6w7RvYY-00046-00015231-00015430 don't have an answer yeah
+UykM6w7RvYY-00047-00015431-00016863 so you go to yeah
+UykM6w7RvYY-00048-00016864-00017703 there is
+UykM6w7RvYY-00049-00017704-00017871 you know how many hearings did you do i
+UykM6w7RvYY-00050-00017872-00018055 don't believe in you okay i'm not here
+UykM6w7RvYY-00051-00018056-00018286 i believe in the world keep keep keep
+UykM6w7RvYY-00052-00018287-00018430 believing in you which is uh keep
+UykM6w7RvYY-00053-00018431-00018535 slipping sleeping sure
+UykM6w7RvYY-00054-00018536-00018750 keep your radiation of the bible keep
+UykM6w7RvYY-00055-00018751-00018943 your red earrings keep your red earrings
+UykM6w7RvYY-00056-00018944-00019255 answer my simple questions from genesis
+UykM6w7RvYY-00057-00019256-00019550 from genesis from genesis to revelation
+UykM6w7RvYY-00058-00019551-00019630 does that mean
+UykM6w7RvYY-00059-00019631-00021030 so it's not there
+UykM6w7RvYY-00060-00021031-00021375 the that's why for 300 years in church
+UykM6w7RvYY-00061-00021376-00021422 history
+UykM6w7RvYY-00062-00021423-00021558 they didn't know what the holy spirit is
+UykM6w7RvYY-00063-00021559-00021686 thank you and now today you know the
+UykM6w7RvYY-00064-00021687-00021839 holy spirit
+UykM6w7RvYY-00065-00021840-00022111 right it says that many times when one
+UykM6w7RvYY-00066-00022112-00022271 timothy when one timothy
+UykM6w7RvYY-00067-00022272-00022567 6 16 says but god is immortal and you
+UykM6w7RvYY-00068-00022568-00022894 say that jesus was god but god died
+UykM6w7RvYY-00069-00022895-00023294 no that's wrong god is immortal
+UykM6w7RvYY-00070-00023295-00023607 i said it says god alone is immortal
+UykM6w7RvYY-00071-00023608-00023927 one time with e6 16. jesus died
+UykM6w7RvYY-00072-00023928-00024103 and resurrected according to you
+UykM6w7RvYY-00073-00024104-00024239 according to you
+UykM6w7RvYY-00074-00024240-00024455 jesus cannot resurrect without dying if
+UykM6w7RvYY-00075-00024456-00024639 he dies he's not immortal if he's not
+UykM6w7RvYY-00076-00024640-00024775 immortal he's not god first could
+UykM6w7RvYY-00077-00024776-00024839 tradition
+UykM6w7RvYY-00078-00024840-00025191 second contradiction numbers 23 right
+UykM6w7RvYY-00079-00025192-00025430 verse 19 says god is not a man or the
+UykM6w7RvYY-00080-00025431-00025631 son of man but you're here preaching
+UykM6w7RvYY-00081-00025632-00025887 the god is a man i'm the son of man then
+UykM6w7RvYY-00082-00025888-00026031 you have two contradictions that i know
+UykM6w7RvYY-00083-00026032-00026150 you're not going to soul because you
+UykM6w7RvYY-00084-00026151-00026247 know nothing about them
+UykM6w7RvYY-00085-00026248-00026535 [Music]
+UykM6w7RvYY-00086-00026536-00026751 you read the parts that you like and you
+UykM6w7RvYY-00087-00026752-00026862 leave the parts that you don't like
+UykM6w7RvYY-00088-00026863-00027070 all the time reading this book studying
+UykM6w7RvYY-00089-00027072-00027270 it memorize it answer the question
+UykM6w7RvYY-00090-00027272-00027446 i've heard this question i'll answer it
+UykM6w7RvYY-00091-00027447-00027614 then answer it
+UykM6w7RvYY-00092-00027616-00029414 go ahead how did god die when he says
+UykM6w7RvYY-00093-00029416-00030486 okay yeah very good
+UykM6w7RvYY-00094-00030487-00030883 [Music]
+UykM6w7RvYY-00095-00030883-00031107 is
+UykM6w7RvYY-00096-00031108-00033343 [Music]
+UykM6w7RvYY-00097-00033344-00033502 my question was about immortality my
+UykM6w7RvYY-00098-00033503-00034239 friend this is an intellectual
+UykM6w7RvYY-00099-00034240-00034415 so jesus is not immortal one is one
+UykM6w7RvYY-00100-00034416-00034583 jesus is mortal and he's not god know
+UykM6w7RvYY-00101-00034584-00034655 your name
+UykM6w7RvYY-00102-00034656-00034967 right and acknowledge the mystery so
+UykM6w7RvYY-00103-00034968-00036479 jesus is not god because what i'm
+UykM6w7RvYY-00104-00036480-00036767 is common sense the god is the father
+UykM6w7RvYY-00105-00036768-00036879 but he's the son
+UykM6w7RvYY-00106-00036880-00037062 but he's the holy spirit he is a son of
+UykM6w7RvYY-00107-00037063-00037262 himself he went to a mother
+UykM6w7RvYY-00108-00037263-00037502 to a womb of a woman right he ate he
+UykM6w7RvYY-00109-00037503-00037679 drank he went to the toilet
+UykM6w7RvYY-00110-00037680-00038830 then he decided to die one day by his
+UykM6w7RvYY-00111-00038831-00039167 hey pal you just blown from stupid town
+UykM6w7RvYY-00112-00039168-00039359 and there anyways so no point of talking
+UykM6w7RvYY-00113-00039360-00039527 to you for example do you know that the
+UykM6w7RvYY-00114-00039528-00039711 universe is expanding
+UykM6w7RvYY-00115-00039712-00039839 yeah yeah you know the universe is
+UykM6w7RvYY-00116-00039840-00040039 expanding right since the uh
+UykM6w7RvYY-00117-00040040-00040287 100 do you know the two scientists that
+UykM6w7RvYY-00118-00040288-00040583 discovered that they got the nobel prize
+UykM6w7RvYY-00119-00040584-00040735 do you know that do you know that the
+UykM6w7RvYY-00120-00040736-00041023 quran mentions that 1500 years ago
+UykM6w7RvYY-00121-00041024-00041207 no no could it have been known to
+UykM6w7RvYY-00122-00041208-00041335 prophet muhammad
+UykM6w7RvYY-00123-00041336-00041607 is called it's exchanging the universe
+UykM6w7RvYY-00124-00041608-00041711 universe the universe
+UykM6w7RvYY-00125-00041712-00041990 is expanding yeah let's say that again
+UykM6w7RvYY-00126-00041991-00042095 remember remember
+UykM6w7RvYY-00127-00042096-00042255 the incidents the wars that happened in
+UykM6w7RvYY-00128-00042256-00042479 the old testament these specific things
+UykM6w7RvYY-00129-00042480-00042646 i believe this is not a command of god
+UykM6w7RvYY-00130-00042647-00042839 god will not order these kinds of things
+UykM6w7RvYY-00131-00042840-00043023 yeah like um i know some of the things
+UykM6w7RvYY-00132-00043024-00043183 they've done
+UykM6w7RvYY-00133-00043184-00043390 this was awful they attributed to god
+UykM6w7RvYY-00134-00043391-00043543 but i don't believe it's from god
+UykM6w7RvYY-00135-00043544-00043630 you know do you know that it's the
+UykM6w7RvYY-00136-00043631-00043774 scrolls are found how many years after
+UykM6w7RvYY-00137-00043775-00043846 moses
+UykM6w7RvYY-00138-00043847-00044046 so there you go this is crawled which
+UykM6w7RvYY-00139-00044047-00044230 has contains the old testament yeah yeah
+UykM6w7RvYY-00140-00044231-00044367 do you know how many years it's found
+UykM6w7RvYY-00141-00044368-00044495 after moses
+UykM6w7RvYY-00142-00044496-00044830 no more than a thousand years how can
+UykM6w7RvYY-00143-00044831-00044967 you verify that this is coming from
+UykM6w7RvYY-00144-00044968-00045039 moses
+UykM6w7RvYY-00145-00045040-00045199 how can you verify the things that has
+UykM6w7RvYY-00146-00045200-00045351 been said there you understand
+UykM6w7RvYY-00147-00045352-00045511 so that's why we say if we can prove the
+UykM6w7RvYY-00148-00045512-00045799 quran is from god as a muslim okay
+UykM6w7RvYY-00149-00045800-00046046 if you recite the quran every day right
+UykM6w7RvYY-00150-00046047-00046239 if you recite the quran every day
+UykM6w7RvYY-00151-00046240-00046430 you're used to hearing it and reciting
+UykM6w7RvYY-00152-00046431-00046558 it but not only that god
+UykM6w7RvYY-00153-00046559-00046871 made it in a melodic sense right
+UykM6w7RvYY-00154-00046872-00047071 that is easier it's easier for you to
+UykM6w7RvYY-00155-00047072-00047190 memorize right
+UykM6w7RvYY-00156-00047191-00047462 so for example the quran chapter one we
+UykM6w7RvYY-00157-00047463-00047683 recite this way we say
+UykM6w7RvYY-00158-00047684-00049286 alhamdulillah
+UykM6w7RvYY-00159-00049287-00049527 so you recite the scripture in a melodic
+UykM6w7RvYY-00160-00049528-00049718 way in a melodic sense
+UykM6w7RvYY-00161-00049719-00049927 it's like it's a similar type of it's a
+UykM6w7RvYY-00162-00049928-00050046 recitation right
+UykM6w7RvYY-00163-00050047-00050230 so that this recitation makes it easier
+UykM6w7RvYY-00164-00050231-00050407 but the reason you can memorize
+UykM6w7RvYY-00165-00050408-00050590 is because god wanted to preserve his
+UykM6w7RvYY-00166-00050591-00050735 book this way
+UykM6w7RvYY-00167-00050736-00051046 the quran is memorized by everyone so
+UykM6w7RvYY-00168-00051047-00051214 what we do if someone speaks someone
+UykM6w7RvYY-00169-00051215-00051358 corrects him let me show you something
+UykM6w7RvYY-00170-00051359-00051519 i'll show you something very very very
+UykM6w7RvYY-00171-00051520-00051679 look look i will surprise you
+UykM6w7RvYY-00172-00051679-00051882 four year old girl let me show you a
+UykM6w7RvYY-00173-00051883-00052087 video she's correcting him
+UykM6w7RvYY-00174-00052088-00052214 oh she's struggling listen listen she
+UykM6w7RvYY-00175-00052215-00052742 will correct him throughout the video
+UykM6w7RvYY-00176-00052744-00052903 so he's doing it wrong on purpose on
+UykM6w7RvYY-00177-00052904-00053166 purpose and she's
+UykM6w7RvYY-00178-00053167-00053487 four years old so this is what all
+UykM6w7RvYY-00179-00053488-00053615 muslims do
+UykM6w7RvYY-00180-00053616-00053863 not necessarily but this girl she she
+UykM6w7RvYY-00181-00053864-00054030 memorizes yeah yeah yeah
+UykM6w7RvYY-00182-00054032-00054238 so what we do is when we pray when the
+UykM6w7RvYY-00183-00054239-00054391 imam is leading the prayer
+UykM6w7RvYY-00184-00054391-00054535 and he makes a mistake the people behind
+UykM6w7RvYY-00185-00054536-00054719 him correct him even if you throw all
+UykM6w7RvYY-00186-00054720-00054942 the books of the quran in the in the sea
+UykM6w7RvYY-00187-00054944-00055103 it's here in the hearts of millions of
+UykM6w7RvYY-00188-00055104-00055254 people right
+UykM6w7RvYY-00189-00055255-00055391 the difference between christianity and
+UykM6w7RvYY-00190-00055391-00055647 islam as well is um
+UykM6w7RvYY-00191-00055648-00055926 christianity is basically dead you know
+UykM6w7RvYY-00192-00055927-00055975 people
+UykM6w7RvYY-00193-00055976-00056175 i know they say they're christian but
+UykM6w7RvYY-00194-00056176-00056279 they're not
+UykM6w7RvYY-00195-00056279-00056566 believing you know why do you know why
+UykM6w7RvYY-00196-00056567-00056647 because
+UykM6w7RvYY-00197-00056648-00056830 the logical sense of christianity is
+UykM6w7RvYY-00198-00056832-00056966 gone because
+UykM6w7RvYY-00199-00056967-00057135 what the what the what the church
+UykM6w7RvYY-00200-00057136-00057326 teaches is not in the bible
+UykM6w7RvYY-00201-00057327-00057623 it does not make sense so the problem is
+UykM6w7RvYY-00202-00057624-00057726 that makes people leave
+UykM6w7RvYY-00203-00057727-00057903 leave christianity right one one guy he
+UykM6w7RvYY-00204-00057904-00058103 came to me he came to leicester square
+UykM6w7RvYY-00205-00058104-00058254 he became a muslim he told you he told
+UykM6w7RvYY-00206-00058255-00058311 me what
+UykM6w7RvYY-00207-00058312-00058599 i went to the church i asked the priest
+UykM6w7RvYY-00208-00058600-00058775 some questions he said go do your own
+UykM6w7RvYY-00209-00058776-00059054 research
+UykM6w7RvYY-00210-00059055-00059207 and when he went and he done his own
+UykM6w7RvYY-00211-00059208-00059375 research he left christianity yeah yeah
+UykM6w7RvYY-00212-00059376-00059519 because if the priest tells you
+UykM6w7RvYY-00213-00059520-00059735 three in one god the father god the son
+UykM6w7RvYY-00214-00059736-00059863 got the holy spirit
+UykM6w7RvYY-00215-00059864-00060015 they're three in one but they're
+UykM6w7RvYY-00216-00060016-00060166 distinct
+UykM6w7RvYY-00217-00060167-00060342 you're basically telling him a logical
+UykM6w7RvYY-00218-00060344-00060463 contradiction they're one but they're
+UykM6w7RvYY-00219-00060464-00060559 not one
+UykM6w7RvYY-00220-00060560-00060759 how can you be one but not be one right
+UykM6w7RvYY-00221-00060760-00060966 and where is that in the bible
+UykM6w7RvYY-00222-00060967-00061287 so when people started to question right
+UykM6w7RvYY-00223-00061288-00061438 people started leaving christianity that
+UykM6w7RvYY-00224-00061439-00062191 is the main reason christianity
+UykM6w7RvYY-00225-00062191-00062375 you know in the ocean there is deep
+UykM6w7RvYY-00226-00062376-00062559 internal waves which are not naked
+UykM6w7RvYY-00227-00062560-00062719 to the to the you cannot see with the
+UykM6w7RvYY-00228-00062720-00062975 naked eye deep oceanic waves do you know
+UykM6w7RvYY-00229-00062976-00063006 that
+UykM6w7RvYY-00230-00063007-00063287 internal waves in other words internal
+UykM6w7RvYY-00231-00063288-00063519 waves
+UykM6w7RvYY-00232-00063520-00063679 how would the quran know about that
+UykM6w7RvYY-00233-00063679-00063830 today we're just discovering that
+UykM6w7RvYY-00234-00063832-00063926 because we can see the different
+UykM6w7RvYY-00235-00063927-00064030 vibrations
+UykM6w7RvYY-00236-00064032-00064215 but we cannot see it how could prophet
+UykM6w7RvYY-00237-00064216-00064399 muhammad in the deserts of arabia know
+UykM6w7RvYY-00238-00064400-00064454 that
+UykM6w7RvYY-00239-00064455-00064591 right i think i think there's definitely
+UykM6w7RvYY-00240-00064591-00064759 evidence that the quran has come from
+UykM6w7RvYY-00241-00064760-00064854 our
+UykM6w7RvYY-00242-00064855-00065111 soul yes 100 is that the bible we
+UykM6w7RvYY-00243-00065112-00065271 believe that
+UykM6w7RvYY-00244-00065272-00065487 the gospel the gospel was given to jesus
+UykM6w7RvYY-00245-00065488-00065703 right so that gospel was the truth
+UykM6w7RvYY-00246-00065704-00065791 coming from god
+UykM6w7RvYY-00247-00065792-00065943 so if something from that truth is
+UykM6w7RvYY-00248-00065944-00066103 preserved you will find right
+UykM6w7RvYY-00249-00066104-00066247 if something makes sense you will find
+UykM6w7RvYY-00250-00066248-00066406 but our question is about the whole
+UykM6w7RvYY-00251-00066407-00066455 thing
+UykM6w7RvYY-00252-00066456-00066631 right if the whole thing is not
+UykM6w7RvYY-00253-00066632-00066823 preserved you cannot know which one is
+UykM6w7RvYY-00254-00066824-00066887 which
+UykM6w7RvYY-00255-00066888-00067055 right you cannot know which is the truth
+UykM6w7RvYY-00256-00067056-00067238 which is not the truth but if the quran
+UykM6w7RvYY-00257-00067239-00067350 is still preserved
+UykM6w7RvYY-00258-00067351-00067511 then you can accept the whole scripture
+UykM6w7RvYY-00259-00067512-00067694 right you can follow the whole scripture
+UykM6w7RvYY-00260-00067695-00067903 so if something the quran says that goes
+UykM6w7RvYY-00261-00067904-00068006 against the bible
+UykM6w7RvYY-00262-00068007-00068206 a bit a bit of the bible you can say
+UykM6w7RvYY-00263-00068207-00068350 that that makes sense because this is
+UykM6w7RvYY-00264-00068351-00068487 preserved this is not preserved
+UykM6w7RvYY-00265-00068488-00068623 you understand what i'm trying to say
+UykM6w7RvYY-00266-00068624-00068799 even the same with the bible though like
+UykM6w7RvYY-00267-00068800-00068847 you know
+UykM6w7RvYY-00268-00068848-00069047 you said there's 66 books or if it's
+UykM6w7RvYY-00269-00069048-00069159 from god
+UykM6w7RvYY-00270-00069160-00069319 it shouldn't contradict itself 100
+UykM6w7RvYY-00271-00069320-00069503 percent i agree with you i agree with
+UykM6w7RvYY-00272-00069504-00069550 you
+UykM6w7RvYY-00273-00069551-00069782 100 but but you have to look as well as
+UykM6w7RvYY-00274-00069783-00069959 the old testament with the same eyes
+UykM6w7RvYY-00275-00069960-00070150 because the old testament it was fine
+UykM6w7RvYY-00276-00070151-00070326 found over a thousand years after after
+UykM6w7RvYY-00277-00070327-00070406 moses
+UykM6w7RvYY-00278-00070407-00070599 and we don't know who wrote it you
+UykM6w7RvYY-00279-00070600-00070782 understand but the quran
+UykM6w7RvYY-00280-00070783-00070943 is preserved is taken from prophet
+UykM6w7RvYY-00281-00070944-00071087 muhammad's mouth
+UykM6w7RvYY-00282-00071088-00071311 the scribes already down from that time
+UykM6w7RvYY-00283-00071312-00071503 reading right in the old testament
+UykM6w7RvYY-00284-00071504-00071647 it's supposed to be from moses this time
+UykM6w7RvYY-00285-00071648-00071823 and the prophet's years and this
+UykM6w7RvYY-00286-00071824-00072359 was all traditional yes
+UykM6w7RvYY-00287-00072360-00072606 okay prophet muhammad exactly if you
+UykM6w7RvYY-00288-00072607-00072750 want to say was was me
+UykM6w7RvYY-00289-00072751-00073143 570 it was his birth a.d sorry
+UykM6w7RvYY-00290-00073144-00073399 absolutely that's after jesus after
+UykM6w7RvYY-00291-00073400-00073471 jesus christ
+UykM6w7RvYY-00292-00073472-00073615 after jesus i think a lot of that was
+UykM6w7RvYY-00293-00073616-00073767 because of the corruption there was an
+UykM6w7RvYY-00294-00073768-00073926 awful lot of corruption so every time it
+UykM6w7RvYY-00295-00073927-00074062 got away from the truth
+UykM6w7RvYY-00296-00074063-00074231 every time there's corruption god sends
+UykM6w7RvYY-00297-00074232-00075055 a new messenger
+UykM6w7RvYY-00298-00075056-00075326 because today the message is still here
+UykM6w7RvYY-00299-00075327-00075462 the message is still here
+UykM6w7RvYY-00300-00075463-00075623 yeah it's still the same still preserved
+UykM6w7RvYY-00301-00075624-00075767 so god does not have to send anyone but
+UykM6w7RvYY-00302-00075768-00075926 the people need to follow the truth
+UykM6w7RvYY-00303-00075927-00076143 that's why we we are also delivering the
+UykM6w7RvYY-00304-00076144-00076271 message to people like you
+UykM6w7RvYY-00305-00076272-00076406 we come to you we give you the message
+UykM6w7RvYY-00306-00076407-00076582 of the prophet that came and we tell you
+UykM6w7RvYY-00307-00076583-00076743 the message he still preserved right
+UykM6w7RvYY-00308-00076744-00076943 so god has given us this guidance in a
+UykM6w7RvYY-00309-00076944-00077238 preservative
+UykM6w7RvYY-00310-00077239-00077406 because every alcoholic starts this way
+UykM6w7RvYY-00311-00077407-00077567 right it starts with this little bit
+UykM6w7RvYY-00312-00077568-00077694 then it becomes alcoholic
+UykM6w7RvYY-00313-00077695-00077887 you know scientifically is the new is a
+UykM6w7RvYY-00314-00077888-00077999 new research
+UykM6w7RvYY-00315-00078000-00078238 that not any single amount of alcohol is
+UykM6w7RvYY-00316-00078239-00078350 healthy for you
+UykM6w7RvYY-00317-00078351-00078487 do you know what language did jesus
+UykM6w7RvYY-00318-00078488-00078694 speak hebrew no
+UykM6w7RvYY-00319-00078695-00078943 he spoke aramaic yeah his mother his
+UykM6w7RvYY-00320-00078944-00079126 mother tongue he was born in palestine
+UykM6w7RvYY-00321-00079127-00079311 he spoke aramaic he spoke hebrew as well
+UykM6w7RvYY-00322-00079312-00079471 to speak with the jews but his mother
+UykM6w7RvYY-00323-00079472-00079582 tongue is aramaic
+UykM6w7RvYY-00324-00079583-00079759 do you know how do you refer to god in
+UykM6w7RvYY-00325-00079760-00080087 aramaic
+UykM6w7RvYY-00326-00080088-00080375 yeah jesus was saying allah the hebrew
+UykM6w7RvYY-00327-00080376-00080438 people you know
+UykM6w7RvYY-00328-00080439-00080599 they cook the christians in egypt they
+UykM6w7RvYY-00329-00080600-00080759 say allah the
+UykM6w7RvYY-00330-00080760-00080950 jewish people the arabs they say allah
+UykM6w7RvYY-00331-00080951-00081143 because that name is unique it means no
+UykM6w7RvYY-00332-00081144-00081319 man no woman is the name of god
+UykM6w7RvYY-00333-00081320-00081494 he existed before it's nothing new for
+UykM6w7RvYY-00334-00081495-00081662 example the whole new testament has no
+UykM6w7RvYY-00335-00081663-00081782 names of god
+UykM6w7RvYY-00336-00081783-00082047 jesus just calls the father yeah 100 you
+UykM6w7RvYY-00337-00082048-00082223 cannot find it you can't find it
+UykM6w7RvYY-00338-00082224-00082415 so so what we say we refer to allah is
+UykM6w7RvYY-00339-00082416-00082559 because it's it's an ancient name it's
+UykM6w7RvYY-00340-00082560-00082662 not it's nothing new
+UykM6w7RvYY-00341-00082663-00082799 it's the name that god ascribed for
+UykM6w7RvYY-00342-00082800-00083055 himself and because the quran also
+UykM6w7RvYY-00343-00083056-00083223 god calls himself allah so it's the same
+UykM6w7RvYY-00344-00083224-00083359 god but jesus believed it
+UykM6w7RvYY-00345-00083360-00083623 right that the jesus that lived believed
+UykM6w7RvYY-00346-00083624-00083782 it right now the jesus that people lie
+UykM6w7RvYY-00347-00083783-00083862 about today
+UykM6w7RvYY-00348-00083863-00084175 right like what we say as muslims the
+UykM6w7RvYY-00349-00084176-00084303 quran is coming from
+UykM6w7RvYY-00350-00084304-00084575 right the quran agrees with the law of
+UykM6w7RvYY-00351-00084576-00084655 things in the
+UykM6w7RvYY-00352-00084656-00084847 in the old scriptures because they're
+UykM6w7RvYY-00353-00084848-00084967 truth right
+UykM6w7RvYY-00354-00084968-00085111 but it disagrees with things which are
+UykM6w7RvYY-00355-00085112-00085311 not true you understand
+UykM6w7RvYY-00356-00085312-00085431 so that's why we follow the quran
+UykM6w7RvYY-00357-00085432-00085615 because it's the message of today jesus
+UykM6w7RvYY-00358-00085616-00085767 he told his people you probably remember
+UykM6w7RvYY-00359-00085768-00085918 that he said i have been only sent
+UykM6w7RvYY-00360-00085919-00086118 to the lost chief of the house of israel
+UykM6w7RvYY-00361-00086119-00086262 right only the lost sheep of the house
+UykM6w7RvYY-00362-00086263-00086326 of israel
+UykM6w7RvYY-00363-00086327-00086550 he said i have not come for the gentiles
+UykM6w7RvYY-00364-00086551-00086735 he told his people his disciples
+UykM6w7RvYY-00365-00086736-00086935 go thee in the way of the house of
+UykM6w7RvYY-00366-00086936-00087087 israel do not go the in the way of the
+UykM6w7RvYY-00367-00087088-00087182 gentiles
+UykM6w7RvYY-00368-00087183-00087415 so he was not for the gentiles right and
+UykM6w7RvYY-00369-00087416-00087575 the bible speaks about someone who will
+UykM6w7RvYY-00370-00087576-00087735 come to the gentiles
+UykM6w7RvYY-00371-00087736-00087935 in in the old testament right it speaks
+UykM6w7RvYY-00372-00087936-00088150 about an arabian prophet
+UykM6w7RvYY-00373-00088151-00088350 in isaiah chapter 42 it talks about
+UykM6w7RvYY-00374-00088351-00088535 someone will come from the lineage of
+UykM6w7RvYY-00375-00088536-00088638 kedar do you know who
+UykM6w7RvYY-00376-00088639-00091082 kedar is biblically kedar are the arabs
+UykM6w7RvYY-00377-00091083-00091469 foreign
+UykM6w7RvYY-00378-00091470-00092055 [Music]
+UykM6w7RvYY-00379-00092056-00092318 so someone will come to cater he will go
+UykM6w7RvYY-00380-00092319-00092462 to the arabs
+UykM6w7RvYY-00381-00092463-00092623 he will go to mountain cellar do you
+UykM6w7RvYY-00382-00092624-00092806 know where mountain cella is if you open
+UykM6w7RvYY-00383-00092807-00093055 google now it's in saudi arabia medina
+UykM6w7RvYY-00384-00093056-00093350 so that person will come to the arabs he
+UykM6w7RvYY-00385-00093351-00093582 will bring a new law a new torah
+UykM6w7RvYY-00386-00093583-00093838 according to isaiah 42 right and he will
+UykM6w7RvYY-00387-00093839-00093999 bring a new song
+UykM6w7RvYY-00388-00094000-00094159 right when you said we were singing the
+UykM6w7RvYY-00389-00094160-00094311 quran you understand
+UykM6w7RvYY-00390-00094312-00094526 similarly he will bring a new song he
+UykM6w7RvYY-00391-00094527-00094671 will bring a new teaching right
+UykM6w7RvYY-00392-00094672-00094847 but the core message will be the same he
+UykM6w7RvYY-00393-00094848-00095023 will call to the one true god
+UykM6w7RvYY-00394-00095024-00095167 so that person we believe is prophet
+UykM6w7RvYY-00395-00095168-00095438 muhammad is is all that time
+UykM6w7RvYY-00396-00095439-00095615 in the asian text been taught been
+UykM6w7RvYY-00397-00095616-00095759 foretold right
+UykM6w7RvYY-00398-00095760-00095967 so prophet muhammad came just with the
+UykM6w7RvYY-00399-00095968-00096126 same message that all these different
+UykM6w7RvYY-00400-00096127-00096223 prophets came with
+UykM6w7RvYY-00401-00096224-00096535 right and and he gave us the teachings
+UykM6w7RvYY-00402-00096536-00096631 of our time
+UykM6w7RvYY-00403-00096632-00096815 right he gave us the morality of today
+UykM6w7RvYY-00404-00096816-00096991 what to do what not to do what is good
+UykM6w7RvYY-00405-00096992-00097118 what is bad right
+UykM6w7RvYY-00406-00097119-00097335 so now we don't have to use any text
+UykM6w7RvYY-00407-00097336-00097462 that was corrupted before
+UykM6w7RvYY-00408-00097463-00097606 we can use something that is preserved
+UykM6w7RvYY-00409-00097607-00097782 today from the prophet who was sent to
+UykM6w7RvYY-00410-00097783-00097943 everyone prophet muhammad he said there
+UykM6w7RvYY-00411-00097944-00098071 is no
+UykM6w7RvYY-00412-00098072-00098271 black is not better than arab arab is
+UykM6w7RvYY-00413-00098272-00098447 not better than a white
+UykM6w7RvYY-00414-00098448-00098638 everyone is similar quran says we have
+UykM6w7RvYY-00415-00098639-00098815 made you different yeah and the quran
+UykM6w7RvYY-00416-00098816-00098967 says prophet muhammad we have sent you
+UykM6w7RvYY-00417-00098968-00099279 iran to everyone everyone
+UykM6w7RvYY-00418-00099280-00099471 to everyone so you hear everyone all of
+UykM6w7RvYY-00419-00099472-00099615 us right and he's bringing the same
+UykM6w7RvYY-00420-00099616-00099759 message the same pure message
+UykM6w7RvYY-00421-00099760-00099879 you don't see trinity in the old
+UykM6w7RvYY-00422-00099880-00100079 testament you don't see abraham teaching
+UykM6w7RvYY-00423-00100080-00100159 trinity
+UykM6w7RvYY-00424-00100160-00100423 david moses they all preach one god the
+UykM6w7RvYY-00425-00100424-00100615 quran tells prophet muhammad follow the
+UykM6w7RvYY-00426-00100616-00100767 way of abraham
+UykM6w7RvYY-00427-00100768-00100967 the monotheistic way of abraham the
+UykM6w7RvYY-00428-00100968-00101135 monotheistic way of the prophets before
+UykM6w7RvYY-00429-00101136-00101191 you right
+UykM6w7RvYY-00430-00101192-00101503 so he did not bring anything new so
+UykM6w7RvYY-00431-00101504-00101679 what we what we should do today is we
+UykM6w7RvYY-00432-00101680-00101855 should look and analyze and read the
+UykM6w7RvYY-00433-00101856-00102031 quran and we should start following the
+UykM6w7RvYY-00434-00102032-00102191 quran right because it's the message
+UykM6w7RvYY-00435-00102192-00102311 stands to us from
+UykM6w7RvYY-00436-00102312-00102463 if a person believes that prophet
+UykM6w7RvYY-00437-00102464-00102623 muhammad is a prophet of god
+UykM6w7RvYY-00438-00102624-00102758 and believes that god is one he's a
+UykM6w7RvYY-00439-00102759-00102951 muslim as simple as that
+UykM6w7RvYY-00440-00102952-00103134 you become a muslim before you come
+UykM6w7RvYY-00441-00103135-00103278 right yeah yeah and i will give you the
+UykM6w7RvYY-00442-00103279-00103406 quran give it a read and we'll speak
+UykM6w7RvYY-00443-00103407-00103510 more when i meet you
+UykM6w7RvYY-00444-00103511-00103682 is the next one yeah with a nice
+UykM6w7RvYY-00445-00103683-00105471 discussion
+UykM6w7RvYY-00446-00105472-00105647 yeah yeah okay because i remember when i
+UykM6w7RvYY-00447-00105648-00105831 was buying it your man went off and he
+UykM6w7RvYY-00448-00105832-00105927 came back he said
+UykM6w7RvYY-00449-00105928-00106151 do you really want this ring i said yeah
+UykM6w7RvYY-00450-00106152-00106254 and it's like do you know what it is you
+UykM6w7RvYY-00451-00106255-00106375 like it isn't it he said
+UykM6w7RvYY-00452-00106376-00107078 he said i said no what
+UykM6w7RvYY-00453-00107079-00107231 so through this discussion we see that
+UykM6w7RvYY-00454-00107232-00107431 we have what we have is commonalities
+UykM6w7RvYY-00455-00107432-00107583 this is what we found from discussion
+UykM6w7RvYY-00456-00107583-00107790 right yeah yeah once you read the whole
+UykM6w7RvYY-00457-00107791-00107934 annual these commonalities will make
+UykM6w7RvYY-00458-00107935-00108007 more sense
+UykM6w7RvYY-00459-00108008-00108231 100 will make more sense to you yeah so
+UykM6w7RvYY-00460-00108232-00108383 thank you very much dania yeah mohammed
+UykM6w7RvYY-00461-00108383-00108463 i'll see you again
+UykM6w7RvYY-00462-00108464-00108599 thank you very much thank you very much
+UykM6w7RvYY-00464-00113416-00113624 you
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00000-00000048-00002575 [Music]
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00001-00002576-00002839 hey guys it's erica misha and today we
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00002-00002840-00002950 are baking
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00003-00002951-00003286 we doing some quick pillsbury chocolate
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00004-00003288-00003438 chip cookies guys
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00005-00003439-00003703 pillsbury dates so good we've had these
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00006-00003704-00003806 before
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00007-00003807-00003959 um i don't think i've cooked these on my
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00008-00003960-00004206 channel before but if i have oh well
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00009-00004207-00004470 it's another cookie video all right guys
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00010-00004471-00004702 let's get into it quick and easy preheat
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00011-00004703-00005038 your oven 350 degrees uh cook them for
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00012-00005039-00005454 was it 15 10 to 14 minutes chef
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00013-00005455-00005567 so
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00014-00005568-00005879 i'm gonna cook them let's see i think
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00015-00005880-00006159 these are the oh these are the mini ones
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00016-00006160-00006359 the small ones
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00017-00006360-00006510 okay
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00018-00006511-00006751 all right let me get them out
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00019-00006752-00006959 yep they're the small smaller ones a
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00020-00006959-00007134 little smaller cookies
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00021-00007136-00007455 all right
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00022-00007456-00007791 let's get these all nicely trayed up
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00023-00007792-00007937 so we can get them in the oven
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00024-00007938-00008078 [Music]
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00025-00008079-00008495 see how many i can fit here
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00026-00008496-00008631 it's been a while since i cooked the
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00027-00008632-00008814 little mini ones
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00028-00008815-00009119 let me see yeah i think i could just go
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00029-00009120-00009278 i think i can do 12
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00030-00009279-00009567 a tray if i remember correctly
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00031-00009568-00009767 i haven't baked the pillsbury in a while
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00032-00009768-00010151 i baked the duncan heinz the
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00033-00010152-00010399 the uh betty crocker i haven't baked the
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00034-00010400-00010614 pillsbury in a while i think i did a
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00035-00010615-00010887 video recently on the nestle toll house
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00036-00010888-00011087 we're just gonna do
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00037-00011088-00011342 three three three
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00038-00011343-00011527 i think that is plenty room for these
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00039-00011528-00011670 little tiny ones
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00040-00011671-00011823 but they're not tiny these are little
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00041-00011824-00012038 mini chocolate chip cookies
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00042-00012039-00012214 i like going to the mall
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00043-00012215-00012438 and getting the uh the cookies going to
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00044-00012439-00012631 the cookie store and getting
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00045-00012632-00012871 fresh baked cookies from them all
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00046-00012872-00013143 so all right we've got one tray
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00047-00013144-00013399 already did up let's move that let's
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00048-00013400-00013807 switch that out with this
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00049-00013808-00013943 and i'm always doing something y'all
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00050-00013944-00014086 know i'm always cooking bacon but you
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00051-00014087-00014391 know what it don't take much to throw
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00052-00014391-00014615 some cookies in the oven guys it don't
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00053-00014616-00014822 take much
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00054-00014823-00015015 you can bake cookies in like 10-15
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00055-00015016-00015119 minutes
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00056-00015119-00015286 so
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00057-00015287-00015438 i mean some people be like oh i really
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00058-00015440-00015622 don't have time yeah you do because you
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00059-00015623-00015911 know why they making it real easy for us
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00060-00015912-00016103 they making it real easy there's no
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00061-00016104-00016238 reason why you can't throw some cookies
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00062-00016240-00016399 in the oven
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00063-00016400-00016727 for your family and for yourself
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00064-00016728-00016894 if you got kids please bake some cookies
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00065-00016895-00017039 for your kids
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00066-00017040-00017303 y'all bake some cookies for the children
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00067-00017304-00017471 the children are our future bake some
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00068-00017472-00017727 cookies for your kids
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00069-00017728-00017894 don't get me wrong i bake some cookies
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00070-00017895-00018071 for myself now don't get it wrong don't
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00071-00018072-00018207 get me twisted
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00072-00018208-00018358 but y'all already know i'm always
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00073-00018359-00018535 cooking for my family
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00074-00018536-00018791 sometimes word of the day y'all know i
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00075-00018792-00018935 just say the word of the day however it
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00076-00018936-00019158 comes to me word of the day sometimes
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00077-00019159-00019358 you gotta do stuff for yourself
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00078-00019359-00019703 gotta take care of yourself sometimes
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00079-00019704-00019935 he say all the time now y'all sometimes
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00080-00019936-00020279 you gotta do stuff for yourself
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00081-00020280-00020463 that that's it
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00082-00020464-00020614 take time out to do stuff for yourself
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00083-00020615-00020689 sometimes
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00084-00020690-00020799 [Applause]
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00085-00020800-00020958 always putting other people before
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00086-00020959-00021127 yourself what they gonna do something
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00087-00021128-00021303 happen to you what are they gonna do
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00088-00021304-00021591 okay
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00089-00021592-00021807 don't make me go there
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00090-00021808-00022030 if you sicken down what they gonna do
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00091-00022031-00022207 exactly they're gonna do what they gotta
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00092-00022208-00022486 do so
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00093-00022487-00022671 anyway
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00094-00022672-00022855 all right y'all we got our
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00095-00022856-00023039 we got our cookies all trade up because
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00096-00023040-00023255 y'all know me how i will
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00097-00023256-00023558 we got our cookies all trade up i love
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00098-00023559-00023783 bacon cookies now make sure y'all go
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00099-00023784-00024022 check out my how to um bake my um
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00100-00024023-00024239 homemade chocolate chip cookies that's
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00101-00024240-00024439 my my recipe i threw together y'all know
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00102-00024440-00024686 i be throwing stuff together
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00103-00024687-00024847 so make sure y'all go check that video
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00104-00024848-00025022 out homemade chocolate chip cookies
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00105-00025023-00025199 don't get it twisted now i can make some
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00106-00025200-00025455 homemade stuff y'all know me i gets it
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00107-00025456-00025535 done
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00108-00025536-00025774 but hey i like a quick throw in the oven
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00109-00025775-00026062 10-15 minute cookie tuna
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00110-00026063-00026302 anyway okay so we got our cookies all
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00111-00026304-00026551 trade up i got my oven preheated 350
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00112-00026552-00026702 degrees let's get these in the oven and
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00113-00026704-00026911 say 10 to 14 minutes i think i'm gonna
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00114-00026912-00027095 do 11. you know i like to stay in the
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00115-00027095-00027287 middle but i still keep my eye on my
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00116-00027288-00027543 cookie so let's go ahead and get these
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00117-00027544-00027727 in the oven
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00118-00027727-00027887 let me make sure i got them spread out
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00119-00027888-00028023 enough
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00120-00028024-00028190 give them room everybody need room to
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00121-00028191-00028351 spread out let me push these down a
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00122-00028352-00028502 little bit more
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00123-00028504-00028590 okay
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00124-00028591-00028735 all right y'all let's get them in the
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00125-00028736-00028823 oven
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00126-00028824-00029014 i will be back and show y'all how they
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00127-00029016-00029118 look when they come out the oven it's
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00128-00029119-00029358 gonna be a quick video y'all but yeah
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00129-00029360-00029502 let's get into these cookies i'm gonna
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00130-00029504-00029646 go put them in the oven
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00131-00029647-00029846 hey guys it's eureka misha just wanted
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00132-00029847-00029990 to come back and show you guys the
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00133-00029991-00030318 chocolate chips the chocolate
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00134-00030319-00030614 yes the chocolate chip cookies they are
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00135-00030616-00030711 done
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00136-00030712-00031039 they are delicious yes a few are missing
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00137-00031039-00031246 because yes i had some so they're my
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00138-00031247-00031511 cookies so yeah i had some
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00139-00031512-00031774 so yeah these are the chocolate chip
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00140-00031775-00031935 cookies fresh out the oven well not
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00141-00031936-00032062 fresh because i had a couple anyway
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00142-00032063-00032446 y'all don't judge me i won't judge y'all
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00143-00032447-00032767 these are the chocolate cookies
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00144-00032768-00032902 oh yes
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00145-00032903-00033255 they look amazing
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00146-00033256-00033683 taking y'all in with y'all greedy cells
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00147-00033684-00033927 golly look at that chocolate chip
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00148-00033928-00034039 peeking out
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00149-00034040-00034271 hey girl hey
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00150-00034272-00034559 all right y'all
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00151-00034560-00034767 y'all seen me do it
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00152-00034768-00034935 time after time
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00153-00034936-00035102 so you know i did it
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00154-00035103-00035239 time after time
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00155-00035240-00035446 let me keep telling y'all
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00156-00035447-00035615 this is arika misha thank you so much
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00157-00035616-00035759 for watching don't forget to like
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00158-00035760-00035927 comment and subscribe follow me on all
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00159-00035928-00036118 my social media erica misha and don't
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00160-00036119-00036383 forget guys knowledge is power thanks
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00161-00036384-00036487 guys
+U_9K_zb2xp8-00162-00036488-00036775 bye
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00000-00000048-00000399 people whom you love are not easy
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00001-00000400-00000751 transform yourself in such a way
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00002-00000752-00001174 being in your presence unknowingly
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00003-00001175-00001503 their cup will turn around
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00004-00001504-00001679 as far as your spiritual process is
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00005-00001680-00001967 concerned any way you are alone
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00006-00001968-00002183 namaskar is a guru i am in a
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00007-00002184-00002415 relationship with a very bitter person
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00008-00002416-00002710 who is not interested in spirituality
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00009-00002711-00002926 how can i handle my relationship
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00010-00002927-00003134 without losing my way on the spiritual
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00011-00003135-00003242 path
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00012-00003243-00003367 [Music]
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00013-00003368-00003575 if your concern is your spiritual growth
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00014-00003576-00003951 only
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00015-00003952-00004215 then if you have a demon for your
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00016-00004216-00004327 partner
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00017-00004328-00004695 that's the best thing
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00018-00004696-00004999 but your partner your husband wife is
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00019-00005000-00005231 not just about spiritual growth you also
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00020-00005232-00005399 want to have a pleasant
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00021-00005400-00005799 life in the family
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00022-00005800-00006206 then you have to choose
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00023-00006207-00006542 someone who like whom you like but
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00024-00006543-00006903 little any human being on the planet
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00025-00006904-00007063 there is something that you don't like
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00026-00007064-00007223 about that
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00027-00007223-00007719 isn't it so you use that part of it
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00028-00007720-00008055 for your spiritual growth
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00029-00008056-00008423 and the rest of it you enjoy
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00030-00008424-00008974 just his life
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00031-00008975-00009191 so if your intention is to have a good
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00032-00009192-00009287 family
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00033-00009288-00009542 then some rapport was needed between two
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00034-00009543-00009591 people
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00035-00009592-00009967 otherwise it won't work
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00036-00009968-00010359 especially if you have produced children
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00037-00010360-00010710 then rappo is must otherwise
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00038-00010711-00011046 you'll follow the new life
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00039-00011047-00011406 that's come up if you create a foul
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00040-00011407-00011559 atmosphere
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00041-00011560-00011767 you'll follow up the new life that is
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00042-00011768-00011895 coming up
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00043-00011896-00012119 nobody has any right to do that actually
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00044-00012120-00012319 but people are doing it
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00045-00012320-00012559 but no human being has any right you can
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00046-00012560-00012822 mess yourself up as much as you want
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00047-00012823-00013127 that's up to you but you can't mess up a
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00048-00013128-00013519 fresh life that's just coming up
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00049-00013519-00013807 so if you're looking for good life
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00050-00013808-00013927 family life
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00051-00013928-00014566 then one has to find rappo
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00052-00014568-00014886 and
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00053-00014887-00015271 that rapper means some areas of
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00054-00015272-00015719 commonality at least
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00055-00015719-00016319 but if you're looking for spiritual life
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00056-00016319-00016615 it doesn't matter what kind of person he
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00057-00016616-00016883 is you can use everything for your
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00058-00016884-00017030 growth
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00059-00017031-00017271 everything for your growth if that's all
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00060-00017272-00017511 your focus is
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00061-00017512-00017719 but generally your focus is both ways
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00062-00017720-00017855 you want to have a little bit of that
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00063-00017856-00018039 and a little bit of this
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00064-00018040-00018343 so mixed fair so it gets a little
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00065-00018344-00018558 complex
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00066-00018559-00018999 so to build a rapport
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00067-00019000-00019583 takes effort it takes compromise
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00068-00019584-00019911 takes love
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00069-00019912-00020335 endurance takes endurance you know
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00070-00020336-00020711 somebody is constantly like this
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00071-00020712-00020871 you want to build a rapper with that
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00072-00020872-00021143 person but you don't want to go his way
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00073-00021144-00021543 that takes lots of endurance
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00074-00021544-00021911 yes or no
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00075-00021912-00022278 people whom you love are not easy
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00076-00022279-00022855 so what can you do
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00077-00022856-00023078 one thing is to transform yourself in
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00078-00023079-00023319 such a way
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00079-00023320-00023742 being in your presence unknowingly
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00080-00023743-00024016 their cup will turn around
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00081-00024017-00024342 [Music]
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00082-00024343-00024647 just yesterday you know the other day i
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00083-00024648-00024847 just went out in the rain i went out and
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00084-00024848-00024999 it started raining and
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00085-00025000-00025283 i was carrying both my india phones
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00086-00025284-00025422 because
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00087-00025423-00025743 i was expecting some calls and i mean
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00088-00025744-00025911 one in india one is europe one is
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00089-00025912-00026214 america three phones i had
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00090-00026216-00026390 one i had in my jacket other in my
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00091-00026391-00026561 trouser pockets and
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00092-00026562-00026679 [Music]
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00093-00026680-00026974 by the time i got here it got wet and
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00094-00026975-00027055 both the phones
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00095-00027056-00027302 just burnt up then
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00096-00027304-00027439 [Music]
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00097-00027439-00027567 people around me were telling me
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00098-00027568-00027790 sadhguru why carry two phones now
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00099-00027791-00028070 we can have two sim cards in one phone
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00100-00028072-00028199 if you hold it like this
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00101-00028200-00028407 you can speak on the india sim card if
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00102-00028408-00028543 you turn it around
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00103-00028544-00028758 it just shifts into the other sim card
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00104-00028760-00028974 you don't have to switch anything just
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00105-00028975-00029214 this way it handles one sim card if you
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00106-00029216-00029383 turn it around it handles another sim
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00107-00029383-00029487 card
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00108-00029488-00030039 you have to become like this
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00109-00030039-00030246 i was very suspicious of this phone i
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00110-00030247-00030381 didn't get it but
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00111-00030382-00030623 [Laughter]
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00112-00030624-00030974 but you must become like this
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00113-00030975-00031446 if you wish to take
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00114-00031447-00031862 people who are around you with you
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00115-00031863-00032374 if you want to walk alone it's very easy
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00116-00032375-00032711 if you want to take take people with you
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00117-00032712-00032902 then it takes a considerable amount of
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00118-00032903-00033143 effort
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00119-00033144-00033543 when gautama was asked this question
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00120-00033544-00033918 is it better to walk alone on the path
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00121-00033919-00034327 or with a companion
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00122-00034328-00035079 he's he's not like me he's try
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00123-00035080-00035511 he said it's better to walk alone than
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00124-00035512-00035871 to walk with a fool
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00125-00035872-00036102 he's not saying don't walk with anybody
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00126-00036103-00036327 he's not saying don't have companions
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00127-00036328-00036495 but he said it's better to walk alone
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00128-00036496-00036815 than walk with the fool
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00129-00036816-00037143 because they can drain you
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00130-00037144-00037518 they can take such a lot of energy
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00131-00037519-00037911 and time and you don't know they may be
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00132-00037912-00038007 stronger than you
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00133-00038008-00038199 and they may take you their way than you
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00134-00038200-00038487 taking them your way
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00135-00038488-00038967 is every possibility yes
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00136-00038968-00039655 so i won't say what gautama said
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00137-00039656-00039999 all i am saying is it doesn't matter how
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00138-00040000-00040095 you walk
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00139-00040096-00040279 as far as your spiritual process is
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00140-00040280-00040671 concerned any way you're alone
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00141-00040672-00040983 nobody's with you
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00142-00040984-00041239 it's only the bodily process the
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00143-00041240-00041471 material process of life
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00144-00041472-00041918 which you can share with people
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00145-00041919-00042287 you come alone and you go alone isn't it
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00146-00042288-00042462 even if you have a twin brother or a
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00147-00042463-00042718 twin sister you still come alone and go
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00148-00042719-00042767 alone
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00149-00042768-00043030 isn't it so so when it comes to the
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00150-00043031-00043151 spirit
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00151-00043152-00043483 anyway you walk alone so don't mix that
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00152-00043484-00043727 up
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00153-00043728-00044039 so that part of it you handle well the
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00154-00044040-00044151 material part of it
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00155-00044152-00044327 according to your capability to what
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00156-00044328-00044695 extent you can do it you do it
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00157-00044696-00045030 they come your way it's wonderful
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00158-00045031-00045318 if they don't it's all right don't
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00159-00045319-00045574 grudge them
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00160-00045575-00045862 it's just that you don't have to go that
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00161-00045863-00045958 way
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00162-00045959-00046295 maybe someday when the doctor tells you
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00163-00046296-00046567 your liver is in a bad state he may seek
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00164-00046568-00046758 divine
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00165-00046759-00047223 you know yes have you seen
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00166-00047224-00047599 people who are walking in the morning
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00167-00047600-00047767 not everybody there are certain type of
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00168-00047768-00047999 people these are all over 50 55
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00169-00048000-00048271 age group people they have become lean
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00170-00048272-00048462 and they're walking briskly every day
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00171-00048463-00048655 religiously they are there
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00172-00048656-00048886 these are all people who generally had a
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00173-00048887-00049083 cardiac
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00174-00049084-00049390 problem they almost died
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00175-00049391-00049623 then their doctor told them either you
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00176-00049624-00049846 do this or you gone
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00177-00049847-00050207 now their walking is like a religion
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00178-00050208-00050535 not sunday morning every morning
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00179-00050536-00050735 have you seen those people suddenly they
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00180-00050736-00050918 transform they eat properly they do
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00181-00050919-00051055 everything properly
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00182-00051056-00051294 because the fear of life and death has
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00183-00051295-00051599 come
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00184-00051600-00051814 so different people need different kinds
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00185-00051815-00051966 of impetus
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00186-00051967-00052238 if you're sensible you learn by just
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00187-00052239-00052350 looking
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00188-00052351-00052542 you're not sensible you learn by
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00189-00052544-00052687 thrashing
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00190-00052688-00053023 life will thrash you the material part
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00191-00053024-00053103 of your life
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00192-00053104-00053479 is never 100 proper never can be
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00193-00053479-00053807 isn't it so is there any family which is
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00194-00053808-00054079 a perfect family
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00195-00054079-00054247 is there any relationship which is a
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00196-00054248-00054423 perfect relationship
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00197-00054424-00054615 is there any business which is a perfect
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00198-00054616-00054823 business is there any carrier which is a
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00199-00054824-00054982 perfect carrier
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00200-00054983-00055311 there is no such thing don't seek that
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00201-00055312-00055526 your life will become wasteful and
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00202-00055527-00055942 fanciful if you seek such things
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00203-00055944-00056126 they all happen to the extent you're
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00204-00056127-00056303 capable of handling them
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00205-00056304-00056775 that's all so
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00206-00056776-00056999 you make sure the spiritual part of your
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00207-00057000-00057166 life you handle it
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00208-00057167-00057775 100 properly
+U_AGUi5D1qy-00209-00057776-00059757 [Music]
+U_WCWgd9kUy-00000-00000008-00000098 comes
+U_WCWgd9kUy-00001-00000099-00000238 [Music]
+U_WCWgd9kUy-00002-00000239-00000487 whoa they're going into the void oh
+U_WCWgd9kUy-00003-00000488-00000591 oh
+U_WCWgd9kUy-00004-00000592-00000726 they're gone
+U_WCWgd9kUy-00005-00000727-00000969 [Applause]
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00000-00000190-00000526 yellow everyone welcome back to the walk
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00001-00000527-00001000 through the map we must check it
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00002-00001001-00001268 so there's number two over there not the
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00003-00001269-00001450 kind of pool I mean there's number two
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00004-00001451-00001670 but that usually in the case that there
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00005-00001671-00002039 is a moon pipe and sure enough there is
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00006-00002039-00002363 a brand spankin new one that was not
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00007-00002364-00002591 here before well I guess it kinda was
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00008-00002592-00002882 technically here before because you know
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00009-00002883-00003067 the moon rock was here from the very
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00010-00003068-00003338 start of the game if you want to be all
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00011-00003339-00003656 technical about that but anyway this
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00012-00003657-00003997 does not look safe if that's and this
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00013-00003998-00004372 will fall down so yeah you'll get blown
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00014-00004373-00004744 off if you're caught in those gusts oh
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00015-00004745-00004988 that was bad timing to get across on my
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00016-00004989-00005258 person that's okay we made it and also
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00017-00005259-00005677 keep your eyes peeled for the all extra
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00018-00005678-00005822 moon I thought there was like one on an
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00019-00005823-00006047 extra high area that you all kick up to
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00020-00006048-00006227 or something like that it's a it's a
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00021-00006228-00006481 rather long route though so don't you
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00022-00006483-00006706 worry about if you don't find it right
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00023-00006708-00007127 away because it might not be there right
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00024-00007128-00007420 away and you just got to kind of flip
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00025-00007422-00007592 from one side to the other to get past
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00026-00007593-00007864 this you also keep that camera flipped
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00027-00007865-00008255 around of course I like stop it stop it
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00028-00008256-00008434 stop oh you just keep spawning don't you
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00029-00008435-00008738 oh wait I got to do something fancy with
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00030-00008739-00009349 my hat watch s watch s see that you use
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00031-00009350-00009698 the wind to your advantage maybe it I
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00032-00009699-00009835 think that was actually where the secret
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00033-00009836-00010396 moon was I think about it I hope that
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00034-00010397-00011149 was way too late appears over there but
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00035-00011150-00011366 comes over here I can't all of moons do
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00036-00011367-00011567 that like why does Sun just run away
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00037-00011568-00011858 from you when you unlock them while
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00038-00011859-00012059 others just they come towards you it
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00039-00012060-00012328 just just being silly those moons I
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00040-00012329-00012512 swear I'm just gonna hop through that
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00041-00012513-00012734 really quick all right now for the main
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00042-00012735-00012807 moon
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00043-00012808-00013590 the main course of the course I don't
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00044-00013591-00013838 remember how to get through this then I
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00045-00013840-00014013 want to take a look see ahead here just
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00046-00014013-00014294 to be sure I don't fall off to my doom I
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00047-00014296-00014478 guess I could start at either end from
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00048-00014479-00014741 the looks of things actually looks
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00049-00014743-00015210 pretty pretty simple actually and go
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00050-00015211-00015405 ahead and flip you can there you go
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00051-00015406-00015603 this is Lawson a nice steady position
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00052-00015604-00015863 will be happy I'll eat a second that's
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00053-00015865-00016035 gonna push me off I don't get over here
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00054-00016036-00016374 oh never mind I'm okay I think this is
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00055-00016375-00016620 centered enough mom yeah not me centered
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00056-00016621-00016866 but close enough we're good
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00057-00016867-00017139 across the gusty bridges and yeah when
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00058-00017140-00017271 it comes to the platforming like that
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00059-00017272-00017376 you might have noticed that I put the
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00060-00017377-00017619 camera mostly vertical because it just
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00061-00017620-00017760 makes things a lot easier to see
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00062-00017761-00018003 perspective wise so it's like overhead
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00063-00018004-00018351 the Legend of Zelda type angling and
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00064-00018352-00018551 stuff like that if that makes sense
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00065-00018552-00019086 alright what's next it looks like
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00066-00019087-00019275 something up there we do I dare try this
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00067-00019276-00019662 jump again oh sure I do it perfectly
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00068-00019663-00020222 fine outside the race in in the race
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00069-00020223-00020526 it's gonna cause me like you've never
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00070-00020527-00020754 seen before actually come to think of it
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00071-00020755-00021153 isn't this like above something that's
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00072-00021154-00021417 yeah I'm too far over oh yeah it's not
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00073-00021418-00021660 exactly where I thought it was I'm going
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00074-00021661-00021951 opposite direction dang it dang a thing
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00075-00021952-00022146 a thing it will get there he'll get
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00076-00022147-00022368 there okay so I'm like what am I
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00077-00022369-00022500 supposed to do kill a chump
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00078-00022501-00022725 that would seem quite unfortunate no oh
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00079-00022726-00022950 actually I think I remember it's one of
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00080-00022951-00023541 these rocks thoughts thoughts I'll just
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00081-00023542-00023799 keep kicking I guess that's nice I guess
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00082-00023800-00024090 not not a moon oh no no that's not a
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00083-00024091-00024232 moon
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00084-00024233-00024417 can you destroy that for me really quick
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00085-00024418-00024655 because I know you're faster at the
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00086-00024656-00024973 storing things that know okay what was
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00087-00024974-00025483 it around here then just on a pinpoint
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00088-00025484-00026074 the location was it something here girl
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00089-00026075-00026470 Tommy are these rocks hmm was it
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00090-00026470-00026794 directly above the world like if I were
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00091-00026795-00027085 to go on the first person maybe it was
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00092-00027086-00027364 cuz there's that shiny spot on top of
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00093-00027364-00027862 the triceratops I guess I could see if
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00094-00027863-00028042 that's the thing that's overhanging I
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00095-00028043-00028192 didn't remember that there was one up
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00096-00028193-00028417 there but I kind of also finished with
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00097-00028418-00028723 my checking anyway so I was like I'm not
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00098-00028724-00028891 coming back through here again I feel
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00099-00028892-00029062 like going doing something so
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00100-00029063-00029266 treacherous at this moment in time so
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00101-00029267-00029643 yeah you can't exactly get here
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00102-00029644-00029998 relatively quickly blocks if you fall
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00103-00029999-00030157 off its gonna kind of mess with you or
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00104-00030158-00030367 not it's holding the button there there
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00105-00030368-00030474 we go
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00106-00030475-00030727 that's a mess with my organization I
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00107-00030727-00030910 should say guarded by a colossal fossil
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00108-00030911-00031213 was that the one sure looks like that
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00109-00031214-00031513 was the one and us pretty simple to get
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00110-00031514-00031845 the right straight off the edge of the
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00111-00031847-00032200 bridge probably just like map your
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00112-00032201-00032368 routes like if you're speedrunning this
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00113-00032369-00032572 or something like that you just map your
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00114-00032573-00032782 route to zigzag all over and you drop
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00115-00032783-00033052 from here to go on to say this pipe over
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00116-00033053-00033334 here and then something like that all
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00117-00033335-00033553 the pens how you decide to plan your
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00118-00033554-00033904 route but anyway I'm pretty sure I've
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00119-00033905-00034288 missed some stuff but we aren't done
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00120-00034289-00034576 here what we're gonna do here we're
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00121-00034577-00034798 gonna get some hints you've done this
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00122-00034799-00034843 before
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00123-00034844-00035050 we're gonna do it again just to remind
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00124-00035051-00035437 ourselves see what's going on not there
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00125-00035438-00035803 really oh look how could I have missed
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00126-00035804-00036178 something up there how could I another
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00127-00036179-00036305 one
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00128-00036306-00036710 is that us another secret area in the
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00129-00036711-00037061 same place but I didn't go through like
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00130-00037062-00037367 a door or something like that I'm Alma
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00131-00037368-00037544 was gonna say I'm almost done who's this
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00132-00037545-00037769 kingdom beast on off they're all I've
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00133-00037770-00038018 been the Tsar not perfectly thorough
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00134-00038019-00038216 though as you've seen there we why am I
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00135-00038217-00038519 going by foot here actually me I should
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00136-00038520-00038999 go yeah I just I was also lower one go
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00137-00039000-00039473 up again because yeah I think the we've
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00138-00039474-00039890 actually hold on a sec I'm supposed to
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00139-00039891-00040292 go up there if so better off just
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00140-00040293-00040799 topping up here but yeah if I'm gonna
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00141-00040800-00041012 forget some stuff I might as well peek
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00142-00041013-00041168 around and look for other stuff you know
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00143-00041169-00041489 I mean excuse me get them from the
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00144-00041490-00041714 powers of the toad you know you know oh
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00145-00041715-00041888 I'm actually supposed to get to this
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00146-00041889-00042047 from the other side aren't I like
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00147-00042048-00042398 jumping down from the Triceratops
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00148-00042399-00042557 [Applause]
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00149-00042558-00042866 oh yeah sure looks like it that isn't
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00150-00042867-00043187 even a correct one is it this might
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00151-00043188-00043331 actually just be a shortcut more than
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00152-00043332-00043523 anything because yeah I think I can do
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00153-00043524-00043847 is stuff like this to get up top I don't
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00154-00043848-00043973 think this was actually here before
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00155-00043974-00044297 anyway I think this is just like wool
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00156-00044298-00044606 made later on uh were those floating
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00157-00044607-00044936 platforms being there surely it wasn't
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00158-00044937-00045329 down that pipe it's not pretty sure I
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00159-00045330-00045505 got that before
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00160-00045506-00045820 but I definitely got this
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00161-00045821-00046142 you're just here I'm just trying to look
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00162-00046143-00046469 for that location here is up here on
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00163-00046470-00046637 this little ledge it
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00164-00046638-00047126 I feel Rumble oh what's that that is
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00165-00047127-00047483 certainly something not what I'm looking
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00166-00047484-00047837 for one of these rocks I wasn't right
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00167-00047838-00048146 about one of these rocks being it wasn't
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00168-00048147-00048311 the ones up top it was the ones down
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00169-00048312-00048611 below
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00170-00048612-00048854 Cooper's where's kicking her out until
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00171-00048855-00049079 it explodes because even track your own
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00172-00049080-00049214 piling getting stuff like that it just
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00173-00049215-00049445 doesn't seem to pop as quickly as you'd
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00174-00049446-00049676 wanted to so just kick it around until
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00175-00049677-00049901 that where's Alex rolling Rockabye the
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00176-00049902-00050492 Falls and up top we go for the last two
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00177-00050493-00050987 moons of the kingdom I think I think can
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00178-00050988-00051377 it Beach I've done rescuing you you well
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00179-00051378-00051557 I don't have to rescue but I mean I'm
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00180-00051558-00051659 done talking to you
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00181-00051660-00052235 I I dealt with you and you shunned me up
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00182-00052236-00052796 at the moon I was let me suppose I
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00183-00052797-00053078 supposed to break something here that
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00184-00053079-00053493 probably can get a my really smoke
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00185-00053494-00053641 I didn't say am I supposed to get a
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00186-00053641-00053799 t-rex up there to break that or
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00187-00053800-00054123 something yeah yeah that's not really
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00188-00054124-00054346 look because there's not really only one
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00189-00054347-00054616 trampoline here unless is something else
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00190-00054616-00054876 I'm forgetting is that is this over here
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00191-00054877-00055110 can't miss that trampoline as they're
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00192-00055111-00055548 destroying everything yeah see that
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00193-00055549-00055782 doesn't reach I really do not think that
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00194-00055783-00056109 these blocks are breakable okay they
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00195-00056110-00056280 look like they're the breakable kind but
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00196-00056281-00056754 just Lewis Lewis you cannot get there by
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00197-00056755-00057042 seemingly any means and you kind of get
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00198-00057043-00057180 like wow there's something like
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00199-00057181-00057397 invisible barrier that you cannot get a
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00200-00057398-00057807 foot over there and I don't think that's
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00201-00057808-00058222 the right thing anyway well how do I get
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00202-00058223-00058515 those coins giving a t-rex a bath
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00203-00058516-00058678 actually I don't think it is these
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00204-00058679-00058947 blocks now that I look at this closer
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00205-00058948-00059217 because the marking is actually yeah
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00206-00059218-00059625 it's more like here okay so I think I
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00207-00059626-00059829 was tear Xing for nothing here and these
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00208-00059830-00060228 might be more unbreakable blocks so that
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00209-00060229-00060642 is it referring to that pathway under
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00210-00060643-00060940 this because you know there's that spot
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00211-00060941-00061321 through here right right that could be
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00212-00061322-00061715 maybe oh there's a pipe here now of
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00213-00061716-00062699 course of course I forgot about that oh
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00214-00062700-00063144 this is mega pool bowling time so we've
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00215-00063145-00063453 got to do here yes
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00216-00063454-00063660 pool ball one into the other it's this
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00217-00063661-00063954 is like word initially tutorials you on
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00218-00063955-00064176 how to do the pool bowling but you've
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00219-00064177-00064350 got to take this pretty dang far to
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00220-00064351-00064638 actually get yourself over to victory
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00221-00064639-00064842 and also you could there's actually
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00222-00064843-00064980 coins and stuff on top of those
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00223-00064981-00065286 platforms if you dare to do like super
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00224-00065287-00065568 special triple jumps like something like
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00225-00065569-00065967 this and hop on over yeah you probably
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00226-00065968-00066210 shouldn't be doing this like ever
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00227-00066211-00066393 because it's hard to flip the camera
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00228-00066394-00066553 back around that
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00229-00066554-00066773 yeah when you're over here and they're
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00230-00066774-00067405 kind of blind jumping backwards yeah hmm
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00231-00067406-00067565 okay yeah there we go
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00232-00067566-00067755 all right now I need your did your body
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00233-00067756-00068281 or I need your wellness and Anglet right
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00234-00068282-00068603 angle it true and an open another wall
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00235-00068604-00069278 for me and you and now we got a triple
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00236-00069279-00069665 pool ball going on here yes a triple
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00237-00069666-00069923 pool ball you might not have thought
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00238-00069924-00070267 they existed but they do all they do
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00239-00070268-00070543 there's number and there's the trip will
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00240-00070544-00070790 pull all but I think there's also
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00241-00070791-00071036 something else on that particular one
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00242-00071037-00071332 there I think or maybe I'm thinking out
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00243-00071333-00071548 like maybe it's another like a secret
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00244-00071549-00071891 path thank you thank you see pull shots
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00245-00071892-00072278 as I thought okay so it wasn't there it
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00246-00072279-00072646 was further up okay so I thought I
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00247-00072647-00072866 thought was that a triple wine but not
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00248-00072867-00073565 enough not quite not that word Oh try it
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00249-00073566-00073606 again
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00250-00073607-00073754 it's notice that the chain chomps they
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00251-00073755-00073954 reset their positions after you after
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00252-00073955-00074538 you do you their thing yeah there we go
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00253-00074539-00074984 100% completed very nice shots with the
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00254-00074985-00075173 chain chopped thank you yeah that's
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00255-00075174-00075304 definitely the hardest of them because
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00256-00075305-00075388 you have to zigzag
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00257-00075389-00075773 the chain chomps in quite a weird way
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00258-00075774-00076054 that shot is indeed possible do though
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00259-00076055-00076547 in actual billiards slash pool /wel
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00260-00076548-00077088 trick shots I guess you could say
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00261-00077089-00077588 check it out check it out
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00262-00077589-00078012 what what I thought it was completed
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00263-00078013-00078625 this cannot be this cannot be something
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00264-00078626-00078910 else unlock that or maybe something else
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00265-00078911-00079060 is gonna unlock leave because I thought
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00266-00079061-00079285 that would have been 100 percent unless
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00267-00079286-00079555 there's something else now that there
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00268-00079556-00079734 wasn't before hey hint toad
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00269-00079735-00080035 really so I guess it's something for
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00270-00080036-00080089 later
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00271-00080090-00080225 [Music]
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00272-00080226-00080581 Justine because yeah I thought that was
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00273-00080582-00080815 the end of the moon collecting spree
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00274-00080816-00081238 here no no I guess it's something that I
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00275-00081239-00081454 collect later on I mean this moon back
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00276-00081455-00081588 here that I've said that I was gonna
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00277-00081589-00081769 come back for later I guess I'll do now
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00278-00081770-00082000 loops this is gonna count for Bowser's
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00279-00082001-00082438 Kingdom yeah can you believe it
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00280-00082439-00082632 that's why this painting didn't show
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00281-00082633-00082885 earlier because it was kind of a semi
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00282-00082886-00083325 spoiler of sorts oh I know I don't know
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00283-00083326-00083524 anyone who wouldn't have expected to end
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00284-00083525-00083919 up at Bowser's place but yeah that's why
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00285-00083920-00084115 they didn't do it but then again at
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00286-00084116-00084231 least I think that's why they did it
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00287-00084232-00084409 didn't do it because they still kind of
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00288-00084410-00084565 spoiled Peach's castle
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00289-00084566-00084742 you know the Mushroom Kingdom and
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00290-00084743-00085174 whatnot well well secret path the
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00291-00085175-00085326 Bowser's Castle and yeah that's
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00292-00085327-00086113 definitely not for the cascade Kingdom I
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00293-00086114-00086242 couldn't think of the name his secret
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00294-00086243-00086437 path to Bowser's castles forty-three on
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00295-00086438-00086725 there and yes there's a lot off this
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00296-00086726-00086824 castle
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00297-00086825-00087163 we'll get them soon enough but for now I
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00298-00087164-00087517 I don't know I don't know about that one
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00299-00087518-00087835 that's seemingly not there it just seems
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00300-00087836-00088174 like it's should be there but maybe I
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00301-00088175-00088567 just didn't unlock oh maybe it has to do
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00302-00088568-00088934 with this traveling taxi guy
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00303-00088935-00089218 like that guy that was remember the
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00304-00089219-00089597 regular human guy back over at the sand
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00305-00089598-00089794 Kingdom that we see well at some point
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00306-00089795-00090001 he begins traveling around you got to
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00307-00090002-00090305 keep finding him maybe I haven't
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00308-00090306-00090813 triggered him to come here yet maybe
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00309-00090814-00091178 that could be the thing well any case
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00310-00091179-00091480 I've got up got to kind of go somewhere
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00311-00091481-00092107 else new products added to the shop yeah
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00312-00092108-00092563 after he more to unlock something and
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00313-00092564-00092849 that's something is gonna be something I
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00314-00092850-00093094 guess San Kingdom is up next so yeah I
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00315-00093095-00093268 guess when I start that sequence off of
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00316-00093269-00093544 like with the taxi guy I'll just kind of
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00317-00093545-00093887 like do it all at once and just go from
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00318-00093888-00094079 one place to the other where I basically
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00319-00094080-00094273 know what he's going and stuff like that
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00320-00094274-00094667 so yeah I I guess you could say then
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00321-00094668-00094999 it's technically from all sorts of
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00322-00095000-00095180 kingdoms that thing is associated with
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00323-00095181-00095599 them anyway see that big ol shiny block
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00324-00095600-00095780 next to town
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00325-00095781-00096130 mmm-hmm what do you say we go ahead and
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00326-00096131-00096443 whack that block around until we are
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00327-00096444-00096665 satisfied with the results first a
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00328-00096666-00096899 little warp just to make it a little bit
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00329-00096900-00097265 faster alone this this technically is a
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00330-00097266-00097501 loading screen so maybe it's not that
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00331-00097502-00097754 much faster I don't know
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00332-00097755-00098125 it may be anyway
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00333-00098126-00098380 yeah thinks a little bit faster go go go
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00334-00098381-00098855 go go go go go and hits hits I say
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00335-00098856-00099031 [Music]
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00336-00099032-00099642 super shiny super brushed metal super
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00337-00099643-00100385 puzzly super unlucky I'll stop now and
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00338-00100386-00100767 even more moons have been unlocked in
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00339-00100768-00101012 this place if you can believe it even
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00340-00101013-00101499 more and there was a lot of moons to
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00341-00101500-00101855 begin to us but now there's even more ah
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00342-00101856-00102156 see that X way at the far right side
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00343-00102157-00102300 actually I'll be able to point it out if
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00344-00102301-00102590 I go yeah this one here that was the one
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00345-00102591-00102726 that I tried getting to at the Bullet
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00346-00102727-00103007 Bill before and there wasn't anything
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00347-00103008-00103296 there now there is so it was indeed a
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00348-00103297-00103698 post-game one and as I thought all right
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00349-00103699-00104013 that is good now
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00350-00104014-00104240 you might as well start from the
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00351-00104241-00104585 beginning area ish hello
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00352-00104586-00104810 I have money please take it take all of
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00353-00104811-00105171 my money nah I want the limited edition
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00354-00105172-00105627 ice cream okay so like where there's a
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00355-00105628-00106200 moon pipe there are two moons hello if
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00356-00106201-00106521 there's a key somewhere uh-huh it's not
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00357-00106522-00106632 that difficult or anything like that
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00358-00106633-00106886 it's just just make sure you're on the
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00359-00106888-00107145 platforms and make sure you've got the
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00360-00107146-00107445 sunglasses on before you transition just
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00361-00107446-00107628 to be sure that you have the right
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00362-00107629-00107922 transition all right now over here
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00363-00107923-00108147 uh-huh you kind of want to have your
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00364-00108148-00108375 mobility but you don't have that
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00365-00108376-00108552 mobility when you have your sunglasses
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00366-00108553-00108911 on see the idea of the Sun but as long
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00367-00108913-00109098 as you're just thinking of thinking
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00368-00109099-00109245 ahead and looking around and stuff like
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00369-00109246-00109425 that you'll be just fine but this is
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00370-00109426-00109665 actually probably slightly do it to
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00371-00109666-00109953 semi-blind just by feeling you're on the
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00372-00109954-00110307 walls but should be just fine
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00373-00110308-00110684 going with the flow here
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00374-00110685-00110899 just gotta know and I'm transitioning
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00375-00110900-00111205 here one weight astronauts a platform
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00376-00111206-00111649 this will be the end of it them there we
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00377-00111650-00111958 go where the transparent platforms end
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00378-00111958-00112320 but where's the key this I forgot I
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00379-00112321-00112782 think it was actually on a side roads
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00380-00112783-00113194 could be wrong though yeah like I think
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00381-00113195-00113401 across one of the local bars
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00382-00113402-00113620 yeah like across one of those moving
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00383-00113621-00113929 blocks there and that's where the key is
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00384-00113930-00114134 and then you do some fancy-schmancy
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00385-00114135-00114376 invisible block jumps on the way back or
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00386-00114377-00114898 something like that really this war was
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00387-00114899-00115441 over here somewhere no wait a second is
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00388-00115442-00115606 that I thought that was character over
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00389-00115607-00116341 there was I supposed to get a key behind
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00390-00116342-00116632 the start or something then if that
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00391-00116633-00116958 wasn't it and I was totally blind jump
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00392-00116959-00117285 of course and look for glowing spots
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00393-00117286-00117567 wherever they may be
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00394-00117568-00118093 look I'm not too far too fast even the
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00395-00118094-00118324 fault of the invisible blocks I just
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00396-00118325-00118564 moved too far forward and just ran off
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00397-00118565-00119133 platform oh geez I wish I could have a
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00398-00119134-00119347 one-part late leader I'm not doing
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00399-00119348-00120079 something dumb just looking back at my
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00400-00120080-00120311 footage and I'm like why did I do that
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00401-00120313-00120550 this is gonna be one of those sorts of
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00402-00120551-00121369 times oh I see okay now things are
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00403-00121370-00121570 making a lot more sense here so you
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00404-00121571-00121761 don't jump back across the invisible
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00405-00121763-00122050 platforms you ride an invisible platform
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00406-00122051-00122347 that must have been what I was confusing
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00407-00122348-00122869 with things ah ah don't take off your
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00408-00122870-00123106 shades yes I guess you can you can stay
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00409-00123107-00123391 cool all day and all night if you want
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00410-00123392-00123897 to and there y'all jump onto the
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00411-00123898-00124066 transparent lifts well it's not
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00412-00124067-00124433 transparent to the all-seeing eyes of
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00413-00124434-00125008 the moai but it's close enough to okay
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00414-00125008-00125235 so I guess a little help on over to the
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00415-00125236-00125661 edges and see what is being marked over
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00416-00125663-00125713 there
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00417-00125714-00126139 well that isn't even close totally bad
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00418-00126140-00126373 terrible compass direction and you
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00419-00126374-00126493 really need to pay more attention to
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00420-00126494-00126721 that compass at the upper right corner
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00421-00126722-00127086 there another part peak again doing
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00422-00127088-00127160 stupid stuff
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00423-00127161-00127996 its usual dealio oh I didn't think that
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00424-00127997-00128316 would work at all but I guess it does
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00425-00128317-00128815 okay it's not quite there oh how simple
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00426-00128816-00129260 it's a note we would have guests okay
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00427-00129261-00129411 shake shake shake
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00428-00129413-00129757 oh shoot shake shake shake
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00429-00129758-00130093 collect the notes and shake Oh should be
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00430-00130094-00130330 suits that was not good yeah this one's
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00431-00130331-00130579 you gotta be pretty efficient with no
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00432-00130580-00130876 dilly-dallying in the slightest where's
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00433-00130877-00131512 that starting location I think oh behind
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00434-00131513-00131577 the hill
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00435-00131578-00131800 yeah I guess it just yeah I thought of
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00436-00131801-00132528 my vision there alright we go again oh
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00437-00132529-00133027 shoot damn we try it again no what if I
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00438-00133028-00133336 should try not to shake too vigorously
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00439-00133337-00133489 or something like that like maybe just
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00440-00133490-00133705 do regular button presses or something
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00441-00133706-00133822 like that to get through it let's try it
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00442-00133823-00133889 again
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00443-00133890-00134179 [Music]
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00444-00134180-00134435 seriously like through my hats it's
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00445-00134436-00134708 gonna ruin everything
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00446-00134709-00134953 [Music]
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00447-00134954-00135203 another dumb thing gets added to the
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00448-00135204-00135374 total all right
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00449-00135375-00135898 I just keep under control here regulars
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00450-00135899-00136213 on the poop do you do that
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00451-00136214-00136531 am I supposed to use jacksie to get this
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00452-00136532-00136748 jacksie would make sense cuz there's the
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00453-00136749-00136879 jacksie stop over here
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00454-00136880-00137123 but getting Jack C to actually do
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00455-00137124-00137341 something like that I want him to do
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00456-00137342-00137641 precisely it might be a little tricky
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00457-00137642-00138019 it's rough
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00458-00138020-00138281 let's see if I can get into decent
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00459-00138282-00138473 position here before he starts and being
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00460-00138474-00138821 notes of destiny okay here we go
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00461-00138822-00139208 there y'all I think this is how you're
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00462-00139209-00139429 supposed to do it that it didn't seem
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00463-00139430-00139579 like no matter how fast like did I mean
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00464-00139580-00139733 it seemed like no matter how fast I did
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00465-00139734-00140087 I wasn't getting to all those notes in
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00466-00140088-00140333 time and that those hills are really
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00467-00140334-00140648 doing a number on my accuracy of rolling
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00468-00140649-00141323 all right 500 wait you knew this and you
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00469-00141324-00141551 didn't tell me what the poop
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00470-00141552-00141791 now there's three rabbits over here by
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00471-00141792-00142109 the way I've got to get all three of
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00472-00142110-00142415 these rabbits if I recall correctly man
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00473-00142416-00142793 you're still faster than me even even
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00474-00142794-00143293 when your son is that that's not all
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00475-00143294-00143639 there's two more to do here and then
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00476-00143640-00143843 I'll end off the parts no no don't you
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00477-00143844-00144050 care don't you dare get ahead of
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00478-00144051-00144287 yourself what if I should try getting
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00479-00144288-00144824 these a jack see ya yeah yeah okay maybe
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00480-00144825-00145111 you're not moving out faster than I am
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00481-00145112-00145445 of it I felt something rumbling here
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00482-00145446-00145757 hold on just really quick just for the
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00483-00145758-00145975 sake of checking stuff
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00484-00145976-00146488 I feel Trumbull I feel it in my bones am
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00485-00146489-00146680 gonna find whatever one more one mark
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00486-00146681-00147085 you mark dang it hey there a lot
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00487-00147086-00147814 definitely not faster trying to head it
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00488-00147815-00148059 off look head it off at the pass here
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00489-00148060-00148417 hmm mm-hmm dang it you might be the
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00490-00148418-00148696 fastest one yet so oh yes
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00491-00148697-00149323 victory hop hopping in the deserts heck
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00492-00149324-00149488 yeah
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00493-00149489-00149758 and I guess I will begin the next part
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00494-00149759-00150064 starting at the desert oasis
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00495-00150065-00150529 maybe if I guess it seems plausible and
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00496-00150530-00150643 if I'm gonna work from one side to the
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00497-00150644-00150820 other so what that I'm gonna end off the
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00498-00150821-00151039 part here I hope you enjoyed and I will
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00499-00151040-00151192 see you in the next part when i chat
+UCBm6k2R8CM-00500-00151193-00151519 with those peeps I suppose
+UDYcGIu-oZQ-00000-00001042-00001571 [Music]
+UDYcGIu-oZQ-00001-00001572-00002924 [Music]
+UDYcGIu-oZQ-00003-00006042-00006481 [Applause]
+UDYcGIu-oZQ-00004-00006483-00009275 [Music]
+UDYcGIu-oZQ-00005-00009276-00010621 [Music]
+UDYcGIu-oZQ-00006-00010622-00011014 my girlfriend is in trouble
+UDYcGIu-oZQ-00007-00011015-00011852 and the shape of water our fists in 58
+UEILE1QkHcI-00000-00000057-00000345 coppola snatchin 'l Wildlife Refuge is
+UEILE1QkHcI-00001-00000346-00000488 the southernmost of the three refuges
+UEILE1QkHcI-00002-00000490-00000723 along with flatteri rocks and Quileute
+UEILE1QkHcI-00003-00000724-00000873 needles which make up the Washington
+UEILE1QkHcI-00004-00000874-00001079 maritime National Wildlife Refuge
+UEILE1QkHcI-00005-00001080-00001458 complex a group of 870 islands rocks and
+UEILE1QkHcI-00006-00001459-00001689 reefs extending for more than 100 miles
+UEILE1QkHcI-00007-00001689-00001874 along Washington's coast from Cape
+UEILE1QkHcI-00008-00001875-00002121 Flattery to ko palace beach these
+UEILE1QkHcI-00009-00002122-00002291 islands are protected from human
+UEILE1QkHcI-00010-00002292-00002492 disturbance yet are close to abundant
+UEILE1QkHcI-00011-00002493-00002684 ocean food sources they are a vital
+UEILE1QkHcI-00012-00002685-00002906 sanctuary where fourteen species of
+UEILE1QkHcI-00013-00002907-00003064 seabirds nest and raise their young
+UEILE1QkHcI-00014-00003065-00003363 during migration the total populations
+UEILE1QkHcI-00015-00003364-00003600 of seabirds waterfowl and shorebirds may
+UEILE1QkHcI-00016-00003601-00003920 exceed a million Birds sea lions harbor
+UEILE1QkHcI-00017-00003921-00004163 seals sea otters and whales may also be
+UEILE1QkHcI-00018-00004164-00004350 seen around the islands the refuge is
+UEILE1QkHcI-00019-00004351-00004515 within the boundary of Olympic Coast
+UEILE1QkHcI-00020-00004516-00004740 National Marine Sanctuary an Olympic
+UEILE1QkHcI-00021-00004741-00004916 National Park and is also incorporated
+UEILE1QkHcI-00022-00004917-00005132 into the Washington islands wilderness
+UEILE1QkHcI-00023-00005133-00005436 the three agencies cooperate on research
+UEILE1QkHcI-00024-00005437-00005634 programs and other issues that may have
+UEILE1QkHcI-00025-00005635-00006277 impacts on the resources
+UEILE1QkHcI-00026-00006278-00006784 topic history
+UEILE1QkHcI-00027-00006786-00007025 the refuge was originally created as
+UEILE1QkHcI-00028-00007026-00007333 copious Rock reservation on October 23rd
+UEILE1QkHcI-00029-00007334-00007625 1907 by an executive order from Theodore
+UEILE1QkHcI-00030-00007626-00007898 Roosevelt it encompassed the islands off
+UEILE1QkHcI-00031-00007898-00008078 the Washington coast between latitudes
+UEILE1QkHcI-00032-00008079-00008474 47 degrees o8 north and 47 degrees 29
+UEILE1QkHcI-00033-00008475-00008750 North it was renamed by a presidential
+UEILE1QkHcI-00034-00008751-00009544 proclamation on July 25th 1940
+UEILE1QkHcI-00035-00009545-00010075 topic see also
+UEILE1QkHcI-00036-00010076-00010309 map of the Washington maritime National
+UEILE1QkHcI-00037-00010310-00010879 Wildlife Refuge complex Quinault Canyon
+UF004GowiJM-00000-00000193-00000599 [Music]
+UF004GowiJM-00001-00000600-00000844 so
+UF004GowiJM-00002-00000846-00002047 [Music]
+UF004GowiJM-00003-00002048-00002158 two
+UF004GowiJM-00004-00002159-00004363 [Music]
+UF004GowiJM-00005-00004364-00005975 [Music]
+UF004GowiJM-00006-00005976-00006371 so
+UF004GowiJM-00007-00006372-00007503 [Music]
+UF004GowiJM-00008-00007504-00008195 so
+UF004GowiJM-00010-00016594-00018287 [Music]
+UF004GowiJM-00011-00018288-00019584 [Music]
+UF004GowiJM-00012-00019585-00021509 [Music]
+UF004GowiJM-00014-00033632-00035073 [Music]
+UF004GowiJM-00015-00035074-00035458 [Music]
+UF004GowiJM-00016-00035459-00035537 [Applause]
+UF004GowiJM-00017-00035538-00036471 [Music]
+UF004GowiJM-00018-00036472-00036493 [Applause]
+UF004GowiJM-00019-00036494-00038100 [Music]
+UF004GowiJM-00020-00038101-00038983 [Music]
+UF004GowiJM-00021-00038984-00039022 [Applause]
+UF004GowiJM-00022-00039023-00040019 [Music]
+UF004GowiJM-00023-00040020-00041390 [Music]
+UF004GowiJM-00024-00041391-00041745 so
+UF004GowiJM-00027-00050431-00051143 [Music]
+UF004GowiJM-00029-00063632-00063839 you
+UG8zHLuODm0-00000-00000832-00001079 hi everybody uh thank you that you
+UG8zHLuODm0-00001-00001080-00001503 joined our today session uh with quite a
+UG8zHLuODm0-00002-00001504-00001647 long title
+UG8zHLuODm0-00003-00001648-00001759 but
+UG8zHLuODm0-00004-00001760-00002047 we hope that the content will be
+UG8zHLuODm0-00005-00002048-00002207 light and funny
+UG8zHLuODm0-00006-00002208-00003079 so let me share my screen
+UG8zHLuODm0-00007-00003080-00003303 so we would like to
+UG8zHLuODm0-00008-00003304-00003503 talk more about
+UG8zHLuODm0-00009-00003504-00003847 how to promote your activities and
+UG8zHLuODm0-00010-00003847-00004054 why having a
+UG8zHLuODm0-00011-00004055-00004151 public
+UG8zHLuODm0-00012-00004152-00004470 relation and fundraising specialists
+UG8zHLuODm0-00013-00004471-00004847 make sense
+UG8zHLuODm0-00014-00004848-00005070 so on the first place
+UG8zHLuODm0-00015-00005071-00005399 we are to tell you what to do
+UG8zHLuODm0-00016-00005400-00005702 my name is uh kareyakova i am an
+UG8zHLuODm0-00017-00005703-00005927 executive director of wikimedia czech
+UG8zHLuODm0-00018-00005928-00006038 republic
+UG8zHLuODm0-00019-00006039-00006159 uh
+UG8zHLuODm0-00020-00006160-00006495 since march 2018
+UG8zHLuODm0-00021-00006495-00006870 and uh most of today's session
+UG8zHLuODm0-00022-00006872-00007319 uh will be held by my colleague natalia
+UG8zHLuODm0-00023-00007320-00007519 ortali baloba
+UG8zHLuODm0-00024-00007520-00007663 she's our
+UG8zHLuODm0-00025-00007664-00007878 fundraiser and pr specialist in
+UG8zHLuODm0-00026-00007879-00008223 wikimedia czech republic since january
+UG8zHLuODm0-00027-00008224-00008519 on the pr position and since september
+UG8zHLuODm0-00028-00008520-00009055 2021 on fundraising position as well
+UG8zHLuODm0-00029-00009056-00009383 so just show you a broader picture uh
+UG8zHLuODm0-00030-00009384-00009574 who what is how big is wikimedia czech
+UG8zHLuODm0-00031-00009575-00009751 republic
+UG8zHLuODm0-00032-00009752-00010039 um the architect chapter of course
+UG8zHLuODm0-00033-00010040-00010278 uh till 2006.
+UG8zHLuODm0-00034-00010279-00010606 but uh the stuff
+UG8zHLuODm0-00035-00010607-00010759 the chapter
+UG8zHLuODm0-00036-00010760-00011327 uh hired in 2017.
+UG8zHLuODm0-00037-00011328-00011663 between the years 2018 and now uh we
+UG8zHLuODm0-00038-00011664-00011831 growth from
+UG8zHLuODm0-00039-00011832-00012095 four people to 10 people
+UG8zHLuODm0-00040-00012096-00012174 uh
+UG8zHLuODm0-00041-00012175-00012327 in within the team
+UG8zHLuODm0-00042-00012328-00012559 uh even though still most of the team
+UG8zHLuODm0-00043-00012560-00013071 has just like part-time jobs
+UG8zHLuODm0-00044-00013072-00013358 natalia didn't start on the
+UG8zHLuODm0-00045-00013359-00013630 uh from the stretch
+UG8zHLuODm0-00046-00013631-00013871 she could continue
+UG8zHLuODm0-00047-00013872-00014111 the
+UG8zHLuODm0-00048-00014112-00014511 the work that was started by our uh two
+UG8zHLuODm0-00049-00014512-00014766 colleagues who were just for a few hours
+UG8zHLuODm0-00050-00014768-00015086 a week uh they were external contractors
+UG8zHLuODm0-00051-00015087-00015471 and they started uh
+UG8zHLuODm0-00052-00015472-00015566 made
+UG8zHLuODm0-00053-00015568-00015679 a more
+UG8zHLuODm0-00054-00015680-00016135 uh concrete fundraising and pr uh pr
+UG8zHLuODm0-00055-00016136-00016294 work in within
+UG8zHLuODm0-00056-00016295-00016503 wikimedia republic
+UG8zHLuODm0-00057-00016504-00016767 and what's important that
+UG8zHLuODm0-00058-00016768-00016927 they
+UG8zHLuODm0-00059-00016928-00017247 was able to finish the preparation phase
+UG8zHLuODm0-00060-00017248-00017575 uh which i'm going to mentioned
+UG8zHLuODm0-00061-00017576-00017735 slightly later
+UG8zHLuODm0-00062-00017736-00017886 and
+UG8zHLuODm0-00063-00017887-00017967 we
+UG8zHLuODm0-00064-00017968-00018319 and why and what this bring this shift
+UG8zHLuODm0-00065-00018320-00018703 from external to internal fundraising in
+UG8zHLuODm0-00066-00018704-00018807 pr
+UG8zHLuODm0-00067-00018808-00019143 uh that is covered by by tally
+UG8zHLuODm0-00068-00019144-00020063 that's the topic of today's session
+UG8zHLuODm0-00069-00020064-00020358 so i'm i will start with the lessons
+UG8zHLuODm0-00070-00020359-00020447 learned
+UG8zHLuODm0-00071-00020448-00020527 but
+UG8zHLuODm0-00072-00020528-00020743 i think it's good to
+UG8zHLuODm0-00073-00020744-00021039 be prepared for several things uh on the
+UG8zHLuODm0-00074-00021040-00021311 beginning
+UG8zHLuODm0-00075-00021312-00021607 the preparation phase i mentioned
+UG8zHLuODm0-00076-00021608-00021886 takes several months
+UG8zHLuODm0-00077-00021887-00022047 uh
+UG8zHLuODm0-00078-00022048-00022271 to getting money to gain the money it's
+UG8zHLuODm0-00079-00022272-00022503 a relative of an iceberg
+UG8zHLuODm0-00080-00022504-00022639 and
+UG8zHLuODm0-00081-00022640-00023039 it takes time to get it
+UG8zHLuODm0-00082-00023040-00023127 what's
+UG8zHLuODm0-00083-00023128-00023422 essential to have or to
+UG8zHLuODm0-00084-00023423-00023527 uh
+UG8zHLuODm0-00085-00023528-00023655 to create
+UG8zHLuODm0-00086-00023656-00023950 during the pre this preparation phase i
+UG8zHLuODm0-00087-00023951-00024230 think is stakeholder stakeholder
+UG8zHLuODm0-00088-00024231-00024358 analysis
+UG8zHLuODm0-00089-00024359-00024550 just to
+UG8zHLuODm0-00090-00024551-00024694 uh
+UG8zHLuODm0-00091-00024695-00024983 to describe and set your target groups
+UG8zHLuODm0-00092-00024984-00025263 what groups you have around
+UG8zHLuODm0-00093-00025264-00025511 and how to reach them because these this
+UG8zHLuODm0-00094-00025512-00025734 is your essential essential circles
+UG8zHLuODm0-00095-00025735-00025983 these are your essential circles that
+UG8zHLuODm0-00096-00025983-00026255 you can reach on the first place and you
+UG8zHLuODm0-00097-00026256-00026567 should know how they look like and
+UG8zHLuODm0-00098-00026568-00026958 how you can contact them the best
+UG8zHLuODm0-00099-00026960-00027287 so you set target groups and you set
+UG8zHLuODm0-00100-00027288-00027599 tools
+UG8zHLuODm0-00101-00027600-00027846 next thing uh
+UG8zHLuODm0-00102-00027847-00028087 what i would suggest to
+UG8zHLuODm0-00103-00028088-00028527 prepare its general fundraising and pr
+UG8zHLuODm0-00104-00028527-00028743 strategy
+UG8zHLuODm0-00105-00028744-00028951 what we need to
+UG8zHLuODm0-00106-00028952-00029343 find out is how we support our three
+UG8zHLuODm0-00107-00029344-00029758 main program areas the best
+UG8zHLuODm0-00108-00029760-00030055 and we choose this we have
+UG8zHLuODm0-00109-00030056-00030239 three main program groups educational
+UG8zHLuODm0-00110-00030239-00030470 programs community programs and
+UG8zHLuODm0-00111-00030472-00030695 partnership programs
+UG8zHLuODm0-00112-00030695-00030783 and
+UG8zHLuODm0-00113-00030783-00031135 as educational programs
+UG8zHLuODm0-00114-00031136-00031279 are the
+UG8zHLuODm0-00115-00031280-00031607 best described to the general public
+UG8zHLuODm0-00116-00031608-00031831 we choose this
+UG8zHLuODm0-00117-00031832-00032118 for the direct donoring
+UG8zHLuODm0-00118-00032119-00032487 as a community programs are the best to
+UG8zHLuODm0-00119-00032488-00032767 supported by different type of brands
+UG8zHLuODm0-00120-00032768-00033007 this is what we choose for for them
+UG8zHLuODm0-00121-00033008-00033239 and partnership programs the partnership
+UG8zHLuODm0-00122-00033240-00033374 with
+UG8zHLuODm0-00123-00033375-00033671 public institutions this is the best
+UG8zHLuODm0-00124-00033672-00034031 target for csr or corporate donations so
+UG8zHLuODm0-00125-00034032-00034390 this is in general our main pr and
+UG8zHLuODm0-00126-00034391-00034679 fundraising strategy
+UG8zHLuODm0-00127-00034680-00034815 and the last thing
+UG8zHLuODm0-00128-00034816-00035151 what was essential to prepare
+UG8zHLuODm0-00129-00035152-00035583 is an annual fundraising and pr strategy
+UG8zHLuODm0-00130-00035584-00035823 it doesn't need to be
+UG8zHLuODm0-00131-00035824-00035943 something
+UG8zHLuODm0-00132-00035944-00036030 really
+UG8zHLuODm0-00133-00036031-00036374 complicated but you supposed to know
+UG8zHLuODm0-00134-00036375-00036839 what when how how many and how much you
+UG8zHLuODm0-00135-00036840-00037215 expect it uh to bring
+UG8zHLuODm0-00136-00037216-00037446 my advice is keep it light
+UG8zHLuODm0-00137-00037447-00037527 uh
+UG8zHLuODm0-00138-00037528-00037695 what was our
+UG8zHLuODm0-00139-00037696-00038062 uh what was our um
+UG8zHLuODm0-00140-00038063-00038230 vision as well
+UG8zHLuODm0-00141-00038231-00038430 was that we wanted to create a fresh
+UG8zHLuODm0-00142-00038431-00039430 image for w and cz
+UG8zHLuODm0-00143-00039431-00039639 so here is what we wanted to share with
+UG8zHLuODm0-00144-00039640-00039743 you
+UG8zHLuODm0-00145-00039744-00039895 uh
+UG8zHLuODm0-00146-00039896-00040135 it has been almost a year since we
+UG8zHLuODm0-00147-00040136-00040374 decided to hire a fundraiser npr
+UG8zHLuODm0-00148-00040375-00040543 specialist in-house
+UG8zHLuODm0-00149-00040544-00040862 uh palais works for 20 hours a week and
+UG8zHLuODm0-00150-00040863-00041135 she helps us to promote our activities
+UG8zHLuODm0-00151-00041136-00041407 better and she kick started our
+UG8zHLuODm0-00152-00041408-00041630 fundraising
+UG8zHLuODm0-00153-00041631-00041943 uh so what we want to share with you is
+UG8zHLuODm0-00154-00041944-00042083 what did we
+UG8zHLuODm0-00155-00042084-00042455 expect how is the outcome of this
+UG8zHLuODm0-00156-00042456-00042783 and specific examples of our campaigns
+UG8zHLuODm0-00157-00042784-00043079 and content
+UG8zHLuODm0-00158-00043080-00043318 hello everybody thanks for being
+UG8zHLuODm0-00159-00043319-00043487 here with us
+UG8zHLuODm0-00160-00043488-00043855 the first thing i want to start with is
+UG8zHLuODm0-00161-00043856-00044199 just a basic overview of what does a
+UG8zHLuODm0-00162-00044200-00044527 fundraiser and a pr specialist do
+UG8zHLuODm0-00163-00044528-00044671 in other words
+UG8zHLuODm0-00164-00044672-00045023 what i do for wikimedia czech republic
+UG8zHLuODm0-00165-00045024-00045390 uh as you can see i do stuff at our
+UG8zHLuODm0-00166-00045391-00045630 public events
+UG8zHLuODm0-00167-00045631-00045846 like presenting and
+UG8zHLuODm0-00168-00045847-00046143 putting bounds on windows
+UG8zHLuODm0-00169-00046144-00046367 but
+UG8zHLuODm0-00170-00046368-00046527 seriously i
+UG8zHLuODm0-00171-00046528-00046743 take the overall presentation to the
+UG8zHLuODm0-00172-00046744-00047055 public and marketing under my wings
+UG8zHLuODm0-00173-00047056-00047327 i work part-time which means i cannot do
+UG8zHLuODm0-00174-00047328-00047439 everything
+UG8zHLuODm0-00175-00047440-00047662 but i make sure
+UG8zHLuODm0-00176-00047663-00047951 it works with our
+UG8zHLuODm0-00177-00047952-00048223 team team members we
+UG8zHLuODm0-00178-00048224-00048399 have 10
+UG8zHLuODm0-00179-00048400-00048702 members of wikimedia czech republic team
+UG8zHLuODm0-00180-00048703-00048935 so i cooperate with the rest of the team
+UG8zHLuODm0-00181-00048936-00049239 i promote activities and the idea of
+UG8zHLuODm0-00182-00049240-00049462 free knowledge on social media
+UG8zHLuODm0-00183-00049463-00049551 blog
+UG8zHLuODm0-00184-00049552-00049855 website and other channels
+UG8zHLuODm0-00185-00049856-00050118 i create fundraising campaigns
+UG8zHLuODm0-00186-00050119-00050486 and take continuous care of our donors
+UG8zHLuODm0-00187-00050487-00050655 and supporters
+UG8zHLuODm0-00188-00050656-00050927 i come up with creative ideas and i am
+UG8zHLuODm0-00189-00050928-00051230 very lucky that our ed clara mostly
+UG8zHLuODm0-00190-00051232-00051679 accepts them and does not shut them down
+UG8zHLuODm0-00191-00051679-00052023 i would like to start with a little bit
+UG8zHLuODm0-00192-00052024-00052230 about our first ever fundraising
+UG8zHLuODm0-00193-00052232-00052550 campaign which took part
+UG8zHLuODm0-00194-00052551-00052871 which took place last christmas
+UG8zHLuODm0-00195-00052872-00053094 and it was pretty
+UG8zHLuODm0-00196-00053095-00053271 successful
+UG8zHLuODm0-00197-00053272-00053599 as it was the first one we choose uh we
+UG8zHLuODm0-00198-00053600-00053838 chose our seniors right wikipedia
+UG8zHLuODm0-00199-00053839-00053959 project
+UG8zHLuODm0-00200-00053960-00054287 because it's the most heartwarming one
+UG8zHLuODm0-00201-00054288-00054647 and we thought we have the best chance
+UG8zHLuODm0-00202-00054648-00054894 to reach out to people's hearts
+UG8zHLuODm0-00203-00054895-00055071 basically with it
+UG8zHLuODm0-00204-00055072-00055407 our educational team does a really great
+UG8zHLuODm0-00205-00055408-00055550 work with that
+UG8zHLuODm0-00206-00055551-00055654 they
+UG8zHLuODm0-00207-00055655-00055863 have already taught
+UG8zHLuODm0-00208-00055864-00056126 something around 600 seniors to write
+UG8zHLuODm0-00209-00056127-00056254 wikipedia
+UG8zHLuODm0-00210-00056255-00056454 and they have a new hobby
+UG8zHLuODm0-00211-00056455-00056638 they have new friends
+UG8zHLuODm0-00212-00056639-00056766 they have new
+UG8zHLuODm0-00213-00056767-00057063 purpose basically it's really great
+UG8zHLuODm0-00214-00057064-00057142 so
+UG8zHLuODm0-00215-00057144-00057479 we chose a local platform darwin
+UG8zHLuODm0-00216-00057479-00057815 and we were as specific as possible uh
+UG8zHLuODm0-00217-00057816-00058111 with our goal we said last year we
+UG8zHLuODm0-00218-00058112-00058359 thought 100 seniors to write wikipedia
+UG8zHLuODm0-00219-00058360-00058679 next year we want to reach 150 and in
+UG8zHLuODm0-00220-00058679-00058919 order to do that we need
+UG8zHLuODm0-00221-00058920-00059223 30 regular donors
+UG8zHLuODm0-00222-00059224-00059479 which we didn't end up succeeding in
+UG8zHLuODm0-00223-00059479-00059735 because we only got like three regulars
+UG8zHLuODm0-00224-00059736-00060119 from this campaign but we reached the
+UG8zHLuODm0-00225-00060120-00060282 uh goal
+UG8zHLuODm0-00226-00060283-00060591 the uh amount of the gold amount of
+UG8zHLuODm0-00227-00060591-00060687 money
+UG8zHLuODm0-00228-00060688-00060991 we actually uh the gold original was
+UG8zHLuODm0-00229-00060991-00061287 thirty thousand so uh we got forty
+UG8zHLuODm0-00230-00061288-00061503 thousand crowns
+UG8zHLuODm0-00231-00061504-00061854 here are the outcomes we got in total 33
+UG8zHLuODm0-00232-00061855-00061975 donors
+UG8zHLuODm0-00233-00061976-00062382 around 1600 europe to this day a lot of
+UG8zHLuODm0-00234-00062383-00062606 new people attracted to the project
+UG8zHLuODm0-00235-00062607-00062887 which i think is very important as well
+UG8zHLuODm0-00236-00062888-00063159 and the whole campaign was just very
+UG8zHLuODm0-00237-00063160-00063447 feel good it had a positive fight we did
+UG8zHLuODm0-00238-00063448-00063687 a video with real seniors
+UG8zHLuODm0-00239-00063688-00064006 who took our courses and then
+UG8zHLuODm0-00240-00064007-00064182 wikipedia really
+UG8zHLuODm0-00241-00064183-00064415 became their obsession in some cases
+UG8zHLuODm0-00242-00064416-00064566 which is awesome
+UG8zHLuODm0-00243-00064567-00064742 there was this
+UG8zHLuODm0-00244-00064744-00065038 female senior who said something like
+UG8zHLuODm0-00245-00065039-00065287 that thanks to this project
+UG8zHLuODm0-00246-00065288-00065567 thanks to wikipedia i was
+UG8zHLuODm0-00247-00065568-00065806 all right in quarantine otherwise i
+UG8zHLuODm0-00248-00065807-00065967 would be probably very nervous and
+UG8zHLuODm0-00249-00065968-00066167 stressed but this helped me to get
+UG8zHLuODm0-00250-00066168-00066335 through it so
+UG8zHLuODm0-00251-00066336-00066463 really
+UG8zHLuODm0-00252-00066464-00066775 people felt touched by that and
+UG8zHLuODm0-00253-00066776-00067215 the results speak for themselves i think
+UG8zHLuODm0-00254-00067216-00067471 how to take care of our donors
+UG8zHLuODm0-00255-00067472-00067767 well um you have to build a relationship
+UG8zHLuODm0-00256-00067768-00067999 with them it's not just fundraising it's
+UG8zHLuODm0-00257-00068000-00068375 friend raising really you want to
+UG8zHLuODm0-00258-00068376-00068550 let them know that they're part of
+UG8zHLuODm0-00259-00068551-00068743 something important
+UG8zHLuODm0-00260-00068744-00069031 and you can do that through many uh
+UG8zHLuODm0-00261-00069032-00069303 channels we usually
+UG8zHLuODm0-00262-00069304-00069591 do that through email email marketing
+UG8zHLuODm0-00263-00069592-00069863 we created a thank you email
+UG8zHLuODm0-00264-00069864-00070255 with clara vladam wrote it herself and
+UG8zHLuODm0-00265-00070256-00070479 we send it to every new donor that we
+UG8zHLuODm0-00266-00070480-00070871 have on that man and we also
+UG8zHLuODm0-00267-00070872-00071023 create four
+UG8zHLuODm0-00268-00071024-00071367 special newsletters for them a year
+UG8zHLuODm0-00269-00071368-00071550 so that they know how their money is
+UG8zHLuODm0-00270-00071551-00071647 being used
+UG8zHLuODm0-00271-00071648-00071838 and
+UG8zHLuODm0-00272-00071839-00072111 what do we do actually in fact
+UG8zHLuODm0-00273-00072112-00072262 so we also
+UG8zHLuODm0-00274-00072263-00072511 invite them to personal events
+UG8zHLuODm0-00275-00072512-00072638 and we
+UG8zHLuODm0-00276-00072639-00072847 thank them at the end of the year with a
+UG8zHLuODm0-00277-00072848-00073247 card
+UG8zHLuODm0-00278-00073248-00073479 promote your activities like their
+UG8zHLuODm0-00279-00073480-00073679 success depends on it
+UG8zHLuODm0-00280-00073680-00073950 because it does
+UG8zHLuODm0-00281-00073951-00074206 there are many ways you can promote
+UG8zHLuODm0-00282-00074207-00074479 your activities and um
+UG8zHLuODm0-00283-00074480-00074750 some of them that we use a lot uh are
+UG8zHLuODm0-00284-00074751-00074911 press releases
+UG8zHLuODm0-00285-00074912-00075238 blog post uh blog posts facebook
+UG8zHLuODm0-00286-00075239-00075399 instagram twitter
+UG8zHLuODm0-00287-00075400-00075638 we haven't used tiktok yet but i think
+UG8zHLuODm0-00288-00075639-00075879 it would work i don't have the capacity
+UG8zHLuODm0-00289-00075880-00076135 to do that yet but
+UG8zHLuODm0-00290-00076136-00076359 it was just a little tip that i wanted
+UG8zHLuODm0-00291-00076360-00076535 to give you i think it
+UG8zHLuODm0-00292-00076536-00076831 could be useful
+UG8zHLuODm0-00293-00076832-00077119 you can also ask ngos and
+UG8zHLuODm0-00294-00077120-00077238 companies
+UG8zHLuODm0-00295-00077239-00077462 to share your content this one is
+UG8zHLuODm0-00296-00077463-00077694 actually quite useful for us
+UG8zHLuODm0-00297-00077695-00077855 it doesn't cost anything to the
+UG8zHLuODm0-00298-00077856-00078062 companies and they can connect
+UG8zHLuODm0-00299-00078063-00078359 themselves with something meaningful
+UG8zHLuODm0-00300-00078360-00078526 so most of them
+UG8zHLuODm0-00301-00078527-00078719 take that opportunity
+UG8zHLuODm0-00302-00078720-00078806 and
+UG8zHLuODm0-00303-00078807-00078982 it can end up in
+UG8zHLuODm0-00304-00078983-00079606 higher reach
+UG8zHLuODm0-00305-00079607-00079743 coordination
+UG8zHLuODm0-00306-00079744-00080119 is the key as i've said earlier
+UG8zHLuODm0-00307-00080120-00080367 there are 10 team members
+UG8zHLuODm0-00308-00080368-00080447 in the
+UG8zHLuODm0-00309-00080448-00080655 wikimedia czech republic
+UG8zHLuODm0-00310-00080656-00080799 so
+UG8zHLuODm0-00311-00080800-00081103 i have to
+UG8zHLuODm0-00312-00081104-00081375 talk to them and help them to promote
+UG8zHLuODm0-00313-00081376-00081559 their activities themselves because i
+UG8zHLuODm0-00314-00081560-00081679 cannot
+UG8zHLuODm0-00315-00081680-00081935 do it all on my own as i only work
+UG8zHLuODm0-00316-00081936-00082126 part-time
+UG8zHLuODm0-00317-00082127-00082423 so i create step-by-step tutorials for
+UG8zHLuODm0-00318-00082424-00082671 almost everything
+UG8zHLuODm0-00319-00082672-00082887 we have tutorials for how to write a
+UG8zHLuODm0-00320-00082888-00083238 blog post how to work with social media
+UG8zHLuODm0-00321-00083239-00083343 um
+UG8zHLuODm0-00322-00083344-00083599 how to do email marketing
+UG8zHLuODm0-00323-00083600-00083767 which is also
+UG8zHLuODm0-00324-00083768-00083999 great for me it saves me a lot of time
+UG8zHLuODm0-00325-00084000-00084231 because every time somebody asks me
+UG8zHLuODm0-00326-00084232-00084543 something i can just send them a link
+UG8zHLuODm0-00327-00084544-00084815 which is really useful for them for me
+UG8zHLuODm0-00328-00084816-00085094 for everyone and in case um
+UG8zHLuODm0-00329-00085095-00085462 i ever left this position i can
+UG8zHLuODm0-00330-00085463-00085767 much it would be much easier for me to
+UG8zHLuODm0-00331-00085768-00085963 um train a new person
+UG8zHLuODm0-00332-00085964-00086079 [Music]
+UG8zHLuODm0-00333-00086080-00086350 this is a system that clara develops
+UG8zHLuODm0-00334-00086351-00086831 developed and she actually in
+UG8zHLuODm0-00335-00086832-00087031 wants everybody in the team to do this
+UG8zHLuODm0-00336-00087032-00087223 then i think it's really great
+UG8zHLuODm0-00337-00087224-00087423 so that's a little tip for you
+UG8zHLuODm0-00338-00087424-00087767 pr calendar with every pr output anybody
+UG8zHLuODm0-00339-00087768-00087975 does because when there is 10 people
+UG8zHLuODm0-00340-00087976-00088094 that do
+UG8zHLuODm0-00341-00088095-00088343 marketing activities
+UG8zHLuODm0-00342-00088344-00088711 you have to know when is
+UG8zHLuODm0-00343-00088712-00088903 what output
+UG8zHLuODm0-00344-00088904-00089031 given
+UG8zHLuODm0-00345-00089032-00089255 you know so
+UG8zHLuODm0-00346-00089256-00089447 we use asana
+UG8zHLuODm0-00347-00089448-00089647 that's something clara implemented and i
+UG8zHLuODm0-00348-00089648-00089879 think it works really great
+UG8zHLuODm0-00349-00089880-00090071 we use it almost for
+UG8zHLuODm0-00350-00090072-00090431 every job that we do every task but with
+UG8zHLuODm0-00351-00090432-00090631 pr calendar i think it's extremely
+UG8zHLuODm0-00352-00090632-00090982 useful because you don't want two emails
+UG8zHLuODm0-00353-00090983-00091343 to go to your supporters in one day
+UG8zHLuODm0-00354-00091344-00091543 you don't want two facebook blog posts
+UG8zHLuODm0-00355-00091544-00091711 being published at the same time it's
+UG8zHLuODm0-00356-00091712-00091911 something you really have to avoid
+UG8zHLuODm0-00357-00091912-00092255 so every time anybody does something
+UG8zHLuODm0-00358-00092256-00092518 that goes out they just write it here
+UG8zHLuODm0-00359-00092519-00092735 and before you when you put something
+UG8zHLuODm0-00360-00092736-00092903 out you check it
+UG8zHLuODm0-00361-00092904-00093174 if anybody has already sent an email
+UG8zHLuODm0-00362-00093175-00093374 today you won't do it you will do it
+UG8zHLuODm0-00363-00093375-00093518 tomorrow it's a
+UG8zHLuODm0-00364-00093519-00093982 very easy but saves a lot of time
+UG8zHLuODm0-00365-00093983-00094350 in person events so it is uh in-person
+UG8zHLuODm0-00366-00094351-00094718 events are something i think we're
+UG8zHLuODm0-00367-00094719-00095047 fairly good at these are pictures of
+UG8zHLuODm0-00368-00095048-00095167 um
+UG8zHLuODm0-00369-00095168-00095431 czech viki photo
+UG8zHLuODm0-00370-00095432-00095662 exhibition we did last year uh czech
+UG8zHLuODm0-00371-00095663-00096094 viki photo is our contest
+UG8zHLuODm0-00372-00096095-00096335 of the best photos
+UG8zHLuODm0-00373-00096336-00096631 of czech things on wikimedia comments
+UG8zHLuODm0-00374-00096632-00097023 on wikimedia accounts yeah and uh the
+UG8zHLuODm0-00375-00097024-00097271 photos are actually displayed for a
+UG8zHLuODm0-00376-00097272-00097511 month um in
+UG8zHLuODm0-00377-00097512-00097838 our scout institute uh in the heart of
+UG8zHLuODm0-00378-00097839-00098015 prague
+UG8zHLuODm0-00379-00098016-00098287 and this is a picture from the opening
+UG8zHLuODm0-00380-00098288-00098526 uh we also um
+UG8zHLuODm0-00381-00098527-00098638 did
+UG8zHLuODm0-00382-00098639-00098799 um
+UG8zHLuODm0-00383-00098800-00099023 discussion gun discussion about free
+UG8zHLuODm0-00384-00099024-00099174 licenses uh
+UG8zHLuODm0-00385-00099175-00099438 on the same day and it was really lovely
+UG8zHLuODm0-00386-00099439-00099735 it's a lot of stress and effort that
+UG8zHLuODm0-00387-00099736-00100023 actually pays off most of the time and
+UG8zHLuODm0-00388-00100024-00100294 it helps you create a real bond with
+UG8zHLuODm0-00389-00100295-00100447 both the public
+UG8zHLuODm0-00390-00100448-00100518 and
+UG8zHLuODm0-00391-00100519-00100911 the wikimedia community
+UG8zHLuODm0-00392-00100912-00101199 this is just a short video
+UG8zHLuODm0-00393-00101200-00101455 of uh poetry islam that we did on the
+UG8zHLuODm0-00394-00101456-00101806 same uh day poetry slam for wikipedia
+UG8zHLuODm0-00395-00101807-00102135 uh we hired artists that are that happen
+UG8zHLuODm0-00396-00102136-00102318 to be my friends to write poems about
+UG8zHLuODm0-00397-00102319-00102575 wikipedia it was very successful and i
+UG8zHLuODm0-00398-00102576-00102718 think it was
+UG8zHLuODm0-00399-00102719-00102918 a great
+UG8zHLuODm0-00400-00102919-00103047 bonus
+UG8zHLuODm0-00401-00103048-00103447 for people uh who were there
+UG8zHLuODm0-00402-00103448-00103702 a lot of people came to see specifically
+UG8zHLuODm0-00403-00103703-00103951 poetry slam and
+UG8zHLuODm0-00404-00103952-00104142 they stayed for other activities as well
+UG8zHLuODm0-00405-00104143-00104223 so
+UG8zHLuODm0-00406-00104224-00104430 i think it's great to connect
+UG8zHLuODm0-00407-00104431-00104847 different words so another experience
+UG8zHLuODm0-00408-00104848-00105151 brought our new theme this year which we
+UG8zHLuODm0-00409-00105152-00105383 prepared in a form of a monthly
+UG8zHLuODm0-00410-00105383-00105566 challenge
+UG8zHLuODm0-00411-00105567-00105799 namely human rights
+UG8zHLuODm0-00412-00105800-00106483 month on czech
+UG8zHLuODm0-00413-00106483-00106695 wikipedia uh
+UG8zHLuODm0-00414-00106696-00107063 this was a month-long challenge to write
+UG8zHLuODm0-00415-00107064-00107415 articles about human rights
+UG8zHLuODm0-00416-00107416-00107647 almost 100 articles
+UG8zHLuODm0-00417-00107648-00107883 were created or
+UG8zHLuODm0-00418-00107883-00108343 enriched we held for online and offline
+UG8zHLuODm0-00419-00108344-00108566 editors
+UG8zHLuODm0-00420-00108567-00108790 and
+UG8zHLuODm0-00421-00108791-00108958 we were able
+UG8zHLuODm0-00422-00108959-00109119 to
+UG8zHLuODm0-00423-00109120-00109278 evolve
+UG8zHLuODm0-00424-00109279-00109375 or
+UG8zHLuODm0-00425-00109376-00109654 we were supported by different 20
+UG8zHLuODm0-00426-00109655-00109886 different czech non-profits
+UG8zHLuODm0-00427-00109888-00109990 uh
+UG8zHLuODm0-00428-00109991-00110190 organizations who
+UG8zHLuODm0-00429-00110191-00110390 uh take care of
+UG8zHLuODm0-00430-00110391-00110623 human rights and human rights to pick in
+UG8zHLuODm0-00431-00110624-00111047 czech republic
+UG8zHLuODm0-00432-00111048-00111478 if you are interested in this project
+UG8zHLuODm0-00433-00111479-00111854 you can find more on a recent div
+UG8zHLuODm0-00434-00111855-00112086 article
+UG8zHLuODm0-00435-00112088-00112327 so uh don't be afraid to talk about the
+UG8zHLuODm0-00436-00112328-00112558 awesome things you do it's just as
+UG8zHLuODm0-00437-00112559-00112823 important as talking about the things
+UG8zHLuODm0-00438-00112824-00113015 you're going to do to talk about the
+UG8zHLuODm0-00439-00113016-00113134 things you
+UG8zHLuODm0-00440-00113135-00113431 have already done and went well
+UG8zHLuODm0-00441-00113432-00113527 and
+UG8zHLuODm0-00442-00113528-00113815 this is something we do we do a lot i
+UG8zHLuODm0-00443-00113816-00114071 focus on a lot uh to follow do a
+UG8zHLuODm0-00444-00114072-00114383 follow-up after every event
+UG8zHLuODm0-00445-00114383-00114734 so this is a video from our
+UG8zHLuODm0-00446-00114735-00114895 human
+UG8zHLuODm0-00447-00114896-00115231 rights month on wikipedia edithon
+UG8zHLuODm0-00448-00115232-00115502 it has english subtitles and i'm going
+UG8zHLuODm0-00449-00115503-00116199 to play it for you
+UG8zHLuODm0-00450-00116200-00116446 praveen
+UG8zHLuODm0-00452-00119531-00121854 [Music]
+UG8zHLuODm0-00453-00121855-00123265 foreign
+UG8zHLuODm0-00455-00128173-00128302 [Music]
+UG8zHLuODm0-00456-00128303-00129478 foreign
+UG8zHLuODm0-00457-00129479-00129790 these videos are also a great way to
+UG8zHLuODm0-00458-00129791-00130063 thank your partners
+UG8zHLuODm0-00459-00130064-00130283 and
+UG8zHLuODm0-00460-00130283-00130639 to reach out to potential partners you
+UG8zHLuODm0-00461-00130640-00130878 know next year we can just send someone
+UG8zHLuODm0-00462-00130879-00131047 this video and say
+UG8zHLuODm0-00463-00131048-00131135 look
+UG8zHLuODm0-00464-00131136-00131302 what it looked like last year do you
+UG8zHLuODm0-00465-00131303-00131551 want to take part this year so
+UG8zHLuODm0-00466-00131552-00131743 that i think is
+UG8zHLuODm0-00467-00131744-00131990 pretty useful
+UG8zHLuODm0-00468-00131991-00132183 promote their activities like their
+UG8zHLuODm0-00469-00132184-00132439 success depends on it
+UG8zHLuODm0-00470-00132440-00132639 because it does
+UG8zHLuODm0-00471-00132640-00132919 very deep yeah so we
+UG8zHLuODm0-00472-00132920-00133399 reach out with um press releases
+UG8zHLuODm0-00473-00133400-00133766 almost every time we do a bigger project
+UG8zHLuODm0-00474-00133767-00134190 it usually pays off because we
+UG8zHLuODm0-00475-00134191-00134335 contact
+UG8zHLuODm0-00476-00134336-00134566 relevant media for example when we did
+UG8zHLuODm0-00477-00134567-00134719 our human
+UG8zHLuODm0-00478-00134720-00135007 rights month on wikipedia we
+UG8zHLuODm0-00479-00135008-00135414 went specifically for hate free culture
+UG8zHLuODm0-00480-00135415-00135663 and they were interested because it's a
+UG8zHLuODm0-00481-00135664-00135895 topic that they work on
+UG8zHLuODm0-00482-00135896-00136231 for they have been working on for years
+UG8zHLuODm0-00483-00136232-00136678 so that's a little tip from me
+UG8zHLuODm0-00484-00136679-00136863 girls just want to have fun
+UG8zHLuODm0-00485-00136864-00137039 and frankly
+UG8zHLuODm0-00486-00137040-00137214 everybody does
+UG8zHLuODm0-00487-00137215-00137663 make marketing and pr fun it's not the
+UG8zHLuODm0-00488-00137664-00137790 dead heart
+UG8zHLuODm0-00489-00137791-00137878 and
+UG8zHLuODm0-00490-00137879-00138183 one of the things that we do
+UG8zHLuODm0-00491-00138184-00138407 that are fun actually or at least i
+UG8zHLuODm0-00492-00138408-00138527 believe so
+UG8zHLuODm0-00493-00138528-00138814 is two minutes with a wikipedian series
+UG8zHLuODm0-00494-00138815-00139071 so where we did already two seasons
+UG8zHLuODm0-00495-00139072-00139327 and it's basically just talking to
+UG8zHLuODm0-00496-00139328-00139502 wikipedians
+UG8zHLuODm0-00497-00139503-00139839 for two minutes and presenting
+UG8zHLuODm0-00498-00139840-00140023 the volunteering
+UG8zHLuODm0-00499-00140024-00140263 people the volunteers the wikipedians to
+UG8zHLuODm0-00500-00140264-00140366 the public
+UG8zHLuODm0-00501-00140367-00140759 and maybe sharing the idea that
+UG8zHLuODm0-00502-00140760-00141095 wikipedia is created by volunteers which
+UG8zHLuODm0-00503-00141096-00141278 is something unfortunately a lot of
+UG8zHLuODm0-00504-00141279-00141519 czechs still don't know so this is one
+UG8zHLuODm0-00505-00141520-00141759 of the ways to support free knowledge
+UG8zHLuODm0-00506-00141760-00142071 from our part and we were actually quite
+UG8zHLuODm0-00507-00142072-00142399 successful with this um i did the
+UG8zHLuODm0-00508-00142400-00142711 analysis of the second series recently
+UG8zHLuODm0-00509-00142712-00143023 and i found out that for very small
+UG8zHLuODm0-00510-00143024-00143431 budget only something like 40 euro on
+UG8zHLuODm0-00511-00143432-00143535 facebook
+UG8zHLuODm0-00512-00143536-00143631 we
+UG8zHLuODm0-00513-00143632-00144078 had 20 000 views on facebook and
+UG8zHLuODm0-00514-00144079-00144390 more than 900 people click through to
+UG8zHLuODm0-00515-00144391-00144751 our donate page which is not that bad
+UG8zHLuODm0-00516-00144752-00145063 only like two of them ended up donating
+UG8zHLuODm0-00517-00145064-00145454 donating but uh i think it's um
+UG8zHLuODm0-00518-00145455-00145678 a good result nevertheless
+UG8zHLuODm0-00519-00145679-00145966 and now i would like to do i would like
+UG8zHLuODm0-00520-00145967-00146190 to play
+UG8zHLuODm0-00521-00146191-00146414 one
+UG8zHLuODm0-00522-00146415-00146919 excerpt
+UG8zHLuODm0-00525-00157967-00158447 yes
+UG8zHLuODm0-00526-00158448-00158702 well that's it uh i'm really proud of
+UG8zHLuODm0-00527-00158703-00159007 this project and i'm thankful to clara
+UG8zHLuODm0-00528-00159008-00159295 our edie that uh we're able to do this
+UG8zHLuODm0-00529-00159296-00159623 and uh i have to say one more thing
+UG8zHLuODm0-00530-00159624-00159902 about this it was not expensive
+UG8zHLuODm0-00531-00159903-00160071 because the presenter
+UG8zHLuODm0-00532-00160072-00160335 is a keen wikipedian he is he's my
+UG8zHLuODm0-00533-00160336-00160559 friend and he did it for free and the
+UG8zHLuODm0-00534-00160560-00160831 cameraman is the friend of both of us
+UG8zHLuODm0-00535-00160832-00161207 and he actually
+UG8zHLuODm0-00536-00161208-00161543 was very low cost so it wasn't pricey at
+UG8zHLuODm0-00537-00161544-00161814 all and it's another thing that i want
+UG8zHLuODm0-00538-00161815-00161911 you to
+UG8zHLuODm0-00539-00161912-00162119 want to encourage you to do
+UG8zHLuODm0-00540-00162120-00162454 to reach out to the wikipedian community
+UG8zHLuODm0-00541-00162455-00162671 because you can find very passionate
+UG8zHLuODm0-00542-00162672-00162975 people who will do things
+UG8zHLuODm0-00543-00162976-00163087 um
+UG8zHLuODm0-00544-00163088-00163335 in the name of uh free knowledge
+UG8zHLuODm0-00545-00163336-00163654 basically yeah
+UG8zHLuODm0-00546-00163655-00163887 so um
+UG8zHLuODm0-00547-00163888-00164175 that was uh all for me now i give the
+UG8zHLuODm0-00548-00164176-00164383 floor to clara
+UG8zHLuODm0-00549-00164384-00164487 let's go
+UG8zHLuODm0-00550-00164488-00164751 to close this so
+UG8zHLuODm0-00551-00164752-00165047 uh what does it change for
+UG8zHLuODm0-00552-00165048-00165559 uh for me as a needy and my team to have
+UG8zHLuODm0-00553-00165560-00166214 an in-house pr specialist
+UG8zHLuODm0-00554-00166215-00166343 i hope
+UG8zHLuODm0-00555-00166344-00166735 you could saw it for yourself
+UG8zHLuODm0-00556-00166736-00166895 what i would uh
+UG8zHLuODm0-00557-00166896-00166999 uh
+UG8zHLuODm0-00558-00167000-00167087 how
+UG8zHLuODm0-00559-00167088-00167254 i would describe this
+UG8zHLuODm0-00560-00167255-00167343 uh
+UG8zHLuODm0-00561-00167344-00167495 outcome is that
+UG8zHLuODm0-00562-00167496-00167711 uh they have definitely concentrated
+UG8zHLuODm0-00563-00167712-00168071 concentrated work on both topics uh i
+UG8zHLuODm0-00564-00168072-00168447 mean public relations and fundraising
+UG8zHLuODm0-00565-00168448-00168759 our public presentation in numbers went
+UG8zHLuODm0-00566-00168760-00169126 up immediately
+UG8zHLuODm0-00567-00169127-00169519 we were able to unified and strategic
+UG8zHLuODm0-00568-00169520-00169678 communication
+UG8zHLuODm0-00569-00169679-00169831 externally
+UG8zHLuODm0-00570-00169832-00169926 and
+UG8zHLuODm0-00571-00169927-00170463 coordinated uh it internally
+UG8zHLuODm0-00572-00170464-00170583 and
+UG8zHLuODm0-00573-00170584-00170887 of course this freeing uh bring up the
+UG8zHLuODm0-00574-00170888-00171366 capacity of other team members
+UG8zHLuODm0-00575-00171367-00171519 but of course you
+UG8zHLuODm0-00576-00171520-00171695 have to find the right person and
+UG8zHLuODm0-00577-00171696-00171951 persist even if everything
+UG8zHLuODm0-00578-00171952-00172283 looks at the beginning
+UG8zHLuODm0-00579-00172284-00172454 like
+UG8zHLuODm0-00580-00172455-00172631 never-ending space
+UG8zHLuODm0-00581-00172632-00173199 uh like sahara for example
+UG8zHLuODm0-00582-00173200-00173287 so
+UG8zHLuODm0-00583-00173288-00173671 good luck everyone don't be afraid
+UG8zHLuODm0-00584-00173672-00173838 i'm happy that we could share a few
+UG8zHLuODm0-00585-00173839-00174063 experiences with you
+UG8zHLuODm0-00586-00174064-00174151 uh
+UG8zHLuODm0-00587-00174152-00174543 and we are always open and uh
+UG8zHLuODm0-00588-00174544-00174990 and uh happy to share uh more with you
+UG8zHLuODm0-00589-00174991-00175095 uh
+UG8zHLuODm0-00590-00175096-00175287 feel free to reach us
+UG8zHLuODm0-00591-00175288-00175447 contact us
+UG8zHLuODm0-00592-00175448-00175759 not only if you have questions but
+UG8zHLuODm0-00593-00175760-00175878 if you
+UG8zHLuODm0-00594-00175879-00176175 was interested in any of our activities
+UG8zHLuODm0-00595-00176176-00176311 and you want to
+UG8zHLuODm0-00596-00176312-00176487 cooperate or
+UG8zHLuODm0-00597-00176488-00176759 connect our activities with with your
+UG8zHLuODm0-00598-00176760-00176983 detectives of your affiliate or your
+UG8zHLuODm0-00599-00176984-00177319 user group uh we will be more than happy
+UG8zHLuODm0-00600-00177320-00177559 and uh
+UG8zHLuODm0-00601-00177560-00177847 as well uh both natalia would like to
+UG8zHLuODm0-00602-00177848-00178038 start is the
+UG8zHLuODm0-00603-00178039-00178135 uh
+UG8zHLuODm0-00604-00178136-00178326 fundraiser
+UG8zHLuODm0-00605-00178327-00178478 supported
+UG8zHLuODm0-00606-00178479-00178566 group
+UG8zHLuODm0-00607-00178567-00178878 uh for uh for europe so if you are
+UG8zHLuODm0-00608-00178879-00179063 interested in this
+UG8zHLuODm0-00609-00179064-00179166 uh
+UG8zHLuODm0-00610-00179167-00179311 just
+UG8zHLuODm0-00611-00179312-00179495 write her an email
+UG8zHLuODm0-00612-00179496-00179831 so thank you all for watching and
+UG8zHLuODm0-00613-00179832-00180291 have a great day on wikimedia
+UI6WqG00iQy-00000-00000028-00000329 rocks tree stretch there next to each
+UI6WqG00iQy-00001-00000330-00000442 despot
+UI6WqG00iQy-00002-00000443-00000797 I am from piano music a name my madness
+UI6WqG00iQy-00003-00000798-00001040 later Jackie milkshake strawberries my
+UI6WqG00iQy-00004-00001041-00001256 favorite at the Riverwalk watching the
+UI6WqG00iQy-00005-00001257-00001337 prawn stairs
+UI6WqG00iQy-00006-00001338-00001528 and I never could have known on the
+UI6WqG00iQy-00007-00001529-00002431 sparkly agree
+UI6WqG00iQy-00008-00002432-00002817 I am from the Express
+UI6WqG00iQy-00009-00002818-00003112 I'm from school multiple stops on the
+UI6WqG00iQy-00010-00003113-00003427 way the slot between eyes is swallowing
+UI6WqG00iQy-00011-00003428-00003960 my money different based in every turn I
+UI6WqG00iQy-00012-00003961-00004243 am from the feed tasty threat to the
+UI6WqG00iQy-00013-00004244-00004441 cuddly dumplings under burger walk or a
+UI6WqG00iQy-00014-00004442-00004618 brightly colored barges bye bye
+UI6WqG00iQy-00015-00004619-00004863 delighted passengers by one way my heart
+UI6WqG00iQy-00016-00004864-00006648 closed up with joy and peace I am from
+UI6WqG00iQy-00017-00006650-00006970 city den honking horns they brought me
+UI6WqG00iQy-00018-00006970-00007237 to famish even done you know scream and
+UI6WqG00iQy-00019-00007238-00007946 pop music playing in stores
+UI6WqG00iQy-00020-00007947-00008301 I'm announcing the others wealth of any
+UI6WqG00iQy-00021-00008302-00008601 room observed inviting me to remember
+UI6WqG00iQy-00022-00008602-00008928 miss getting us a little scare facing
+UI6WqG00iQy-00023-00008929-00009207 fun boots and hot chocolate in prayer
+UI6WqG00iQy-00024-00009208-00009602 retreats Nana no cigarette and hovel
+UI6WqG00iQy-00025-00009603-00009921 among us he plays for my family to pray
+UI6WqG00iQy-00026-00009922-00010407 and celebrate I am from the music that I
+UI6WqG00iQy-00027-00010408-00010664 express my cat from pictures of the past
+UI6WqG00iQy-00028-00010665-00010944 from drawings they created to be admired
+UI6WqG00iQy-00029-00010945-00012539 I open the warmth that my mom's cooking
+UI6WqG00iQy-00030-00012540-00013003 [Music]
+UI6WqG00iQy-00031-00013004-00013325 I'm from water sand and Chinese shards
+UI6WqG00iQy-00032-00013326-00013505 of glass from spots of burning rubber
+UI6WqG00iQy-00033-00013506-00013737 and yes the shivering the bride's
+UI6WqG00iQy-00034-00013738-00013863 fortune is
+UI6WqG00iQy-00035-00013863-00014510 [Music]
+UI6WqG00iQy-00036-00014511-00014900 I am for me almost nowhere my mom gave
+UI6WqG00iQy-00037-00014901-00015254 me birth for me how 7 Wawa for the
+UI6WqG00iQy-00038-00015255-00015326 family
+UI6WqG00iQy-00039-00015327-00015737 she cooks two dishes I wanted s and I
+UI6WqG00iQy-00040-00015738-00016037 will never forget what she's done for us
+UI6WqG00iQy-00041-00016038-00016436 I am from coconut paletas melting in
+UI6WqG00iQy-00042-00016437-00016667 their Summer Sun mariachi's stomach
+UI6WqG00iQy-00043-00016668-00016838 strings and singing on the streets
+UI6WqG00iQy-00045-00022795-00023426 forever I am from a place playing with
+UI6WqG00iQy-00046-00023427-00023684 art where vibrant murals call to the
+UI6WqG00iQy-00047-00023685-00023996 people and glowing fish fly like fish
+UI6WqG00iQy-00048-00023997-00024224 like birds of the sky a brilliant
+UI6WqG00iQy-00049-00024225-00025161 skyline reaching to the Stars I'm from
+UI6WqG00iQy-00050-00025162-00025461 basketball in place wearing shorts and
+UI6WqG00iQy-00051-00025462-00026059 hundreds I'm from Chile
+UI6WqG00iQy-00052-00026060-00026261 I am from the church a mission
+UI6WqG00iQy-00053-00026262-00026524 conception or I go to have faith reven
+UI6WqG00iQy-00054-00026525-00027343 happiness it makes me feel young Emily
+UI6WqG00iQy-00055-00027344-00027661 Steve Anderson and Central America -
+UI6WqG00iQy-00056-00027662-00027955 musica papel picado is present Timothy
+UI6WqG00iQy-00057-00027956-00028004 esta
+UI6WqG00iQy-00058-00028005-00028511 I am from a magical place with wonderful
+UI6WqG00iQy-00059-00028512-00028705 creatures deep in the Botswana forests
+UI6WqG00iQy-00060-00028706-00028892 where I can let my anger and thoughts
+UI6WqG00iQy-00061-00028893-00029080 out in the wild when Mother Nature roams
+UI6WqG00iQy-00062-00029081-00029705 free I am from the grass soft as a pedo
+UI6WqG00iQy-00063-00029706-00029971 stick Roberta says into a sprouted in
+UI6WqG00iQy-00064-00029972-00030176 front of me just a big step dark
+UI6WqG00iQy-00065-00030177-00030433 I am for the best Baker in the world I
+UI6WqG00iQy-00066-00030434-00030545 am perfect
+UI6WqG00iQy-00067-00030545-00030820 I am for Mississippi I was from place
+UI6WqG00iQy-00068-00030821-00031211 where people bought yelled and threw
+UI6WqG00iQy-00069-00031212-00031402 things they were David they took my
+UI6WqG00iQy-00070-00031403-00031711 sisters in a way to house their house
+UI6WqG00iQy-00071-00031712-00031973 now my target thanks to what
+UI6WqG00iQy-00072-00031974-00033050 my hero my mom now I see my future bride
+UI6WqG00iQy-00073-00033051-00033329 I am from opening presents on Christmas
+UI6WqG00iQy-00074-00033330-00033650 Eve testing me in harmony words and
+UI6WqG00iQy-00075-00033651-00033875 making money for tomorrow's day and
+UI6WqG00iQy-00076-00033876-00034073 they're celebrating the birth of Jesus
+UI6WqG00iQy-00077-00034074-00034136 Christ
+UI6WqG00iQy-00078-00034137-00034586 I come from executors versus linguist
+UI6WqG00iQy-00079-00034587-00034859 burning sports thermal chicken and rice
+UI6WqG00iQy-00080-00034860-00035218 and beans roasted potato incense phone
+UI6WqG00iQy-00081-00035219-00035801 [Music]
+UI6WqG00iQy-00082-00035802-00036321 I'm from the place where I want to build
+UI6WqG00iQy-00083-00036322-00036732 regime that no one has seen before in
+UI6WqG00iQy-00084-00036733-00037017 come to me in dreams and then I
+UI6WqG00iQy-00085-00037018-00037290 construct I'll be the one to change
+UI6WqG00iQy-00086-00037291-00037695 their world I am from the smell of
+UI6WqG00iQy-00087-00037696-00037932 Canada smoking ashes raining for
+UI6WqG00iQy-00088-00037933-00038115 courageous Souls defended our freedoms
+UI6WqG00iQy-00089-00038116-00038274 that were parents to make the ultimate
+UI6WqG00iQy-00090-00038275-00039986 sacrifice remember the Alamo
+UI6WqG00iQy-00091-00039987-00040610 [Applause]
+UI6WqG00iQy-00092-00040611-00040844 [Applause]
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00000-00001453-00001705 my name is Betsy hable and this
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00001-00001705-00001867 afternoon we're going to be speaking
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00002-00001868-00002208 about reg X's and specifically their dsl
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00003-00002209-00002347 design and what we can learn from it
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00004-00002348-00002692 when we're designing out their dsls so
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00005-00002693-00002876 just to keep everyone on the same page
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00006-00002877-00003157 we're going to start with a quick
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00007-00003158-00003370 introduction for regular expressions to
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00008-00003371-00003529 anyone who's not familiar with them or
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00009-00003529-00003786 for anyone in the audience who could use
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00010-00003787-00003925 refresher since they haven't worked with
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00011-00003926-00004518 them in a while here's the simplest
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00012-00004519-00004771 regex i can think of it searches a given
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00013-00004772-00005077 text for the letters d OMG in that order
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00014-00005078-00005356 and with no characters between them so
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00015-00005357-00005768 it'll match any of these strings here
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00016-00005769-00006432 and here's less trivial example in this
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00017-00006433-00006603 one we use the period wildcard to match
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00018-00006604-00006838 any character since this wild card
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00019-00006839-00007017 matches any character the regular
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00020-00007018-00007387 expression B period G which is now on
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00021-00007388-00007687 the screen thank you google can match
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00022-00007688-00008139 the strings did the space g the ! g or a
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00023-00008140-00008581 lot of other things there are a lot of
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00024-00008582-00008817 other wild cards they can match more
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00025-00008818-00009009 specific things as well word characters
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00026-00009010-00009498 whitespace even a thing called a word
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00027-00009499-00009639 boundary which is the first or last
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00028-00009640-00009895 character of any given word both
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00029-00009896-00010098 characters and wild cards be grouped and
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00030-00010099-00010245 if the default groupings aren't powerful
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00031-00010246-00010503 enough and you can specify the number of
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00032-00010504-00010659 characters be matched with other wild
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00033-00010660-00010899 cards like star and plus the specifics
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00034-00010900-00011070 mattered less right now than the mere
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00035-00011071-00011209 fact there are a lot of things you can
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00036-00011210-00011673 do getting a little more complex you can
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00037-00011674-00012012 use capture groups to single out
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00038-00012013-00012241 specific subsets of your match for
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00039-00012242-00012462 special treatment and a back reference
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00040-00012463-00012606 to refer to a previously captured
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00041-00012607-00013035 captured group also Peter Piper picked a
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00042-00013036-00013291 peck of pickled peppers later on within
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00043-00013291-00013576 a single regular expression so we've got
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00044-00013577-00013702 all of these building blocks and
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00045-00013703-00014408 individually they're pretty simple
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00046-00014409-00014915 come on good little computer there we go
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00047-00014916-00015294 and I'm not going to attend that all
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00048-00015294-00015563 regex are simple this for example is an
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00049-00015565-00015744 email validation regex that someone
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00050-00015744-00016032 somewhere for some reason recommended
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00051-00016033-00016209 that other programmers use in production
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00052-00016210-00016443 these simple elements that make up reg
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00053-00016444-00016691 X's can be combined in ghastly
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00054-00016692-00017076 hieroglyphic esque ways and often are so
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00055-00017077-00017211 at this point you may be wondering some
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00056-00017212-00017738 things things like whether it is
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00057-00017739-00018051 possible to learn about designing dsl's
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00058-00018052-00018405 or indeed about designing anything from
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00059-00018406-00018597 something that produces screen foals of
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00060-00018598-00018837 mess and that can't even fully parse an
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00061-00018838-00019146 email address in the process because of
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00062-00019147-00019353 course that email validation regex I
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00063-00019354-00019610 just showed you did not actually work
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00064-00019611-00020058 and the answer is that regex are old
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00065-00020059-00020468 like see like shell scripts like them
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00066-00020469-00020694 regex are gawky and horrible and
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00067-00020695-00020859 everyone has used them for decades
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00068-00020860-00021222 anyway they are too bloody useful to
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00069-00021223-00021405 erase their too bloody useful to give up
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00070-00021406-00021630 no matter how much we try to replace
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00071-00021631-00021768 them with tools that are not only
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00072-00021769-00022158 aesthetically prettier anything that
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00073-00022159-00022338 bloody useful has to teach us design
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00074-00022339-00022563 lessons whether its surface seems
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00075-00022564-00022779 polished or not the biggest goal is
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00076-00022780-00022953 software design over and above how
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00077-00022954-00023208 elegant things are is getting the damn
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00078-00023209-00023562 thing to work and regex bless them do
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00079-00023563-00023922 that if nothing else so that as we will
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00080-00023923-00024057 see later in this talk is because they
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00081-00024058-00024297 get to cheat but we can still learn from
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00082-00024298-00024741 the ways they shape so how old r regex
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00083-00024742-00024987 anyway their first to find is a
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00084-00024988-00025335 mathematical concept that in 1958 they
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00085-00025336-00025509 were an outgrowth of set theory used for
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00086-00025510-00025727 describing grammar of regular languages
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00087-00025729-00026009 a decade later they were implemented as
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00088-00026010-00026157 a simple independent programming
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00089-00026158-00026433 language note that this is the this
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00090-00026433-00026598 first implementation it treated them as
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00091-00026599-00026754 a programming language in their own
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00092-00026755-00027045 right a few years after that they began
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00093-00027045-00027215 to see wider use when they are embedded
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00094-00027216-00027393 into a concrete tool the UNIX
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00095-00027394-00027702 LD grab they then became embedded in
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00096-00027702-00027864 more and more powerful tools such as
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00097-00027864-00028122 said and auth and were embedded into the
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00098-00028123-00028364 program language pearl in 1987 as a
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00099-00028366-00028632 first class language concept in other
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00100-00028633-00028818 words regular expressions got a lot more
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00101-00028819-00029019 powerful and useful and therefore a lot
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00102-00029020-00029226 more used when they became a
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00103-00029227-00029406 domain-specific language for string
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00104-00029407-00029568 processing embedded within a more
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00105-00029569-00029870 general purpose language in the 20-year
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00106-00029872-00030066 eight years his pearl came on the scene
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00107-00030067-00030243 regex implementations have been baked
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00108-00030244-00030377 into countless other programming
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00109-00030379-00030585 languages we're at the point where
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00110-00030586-00030699 they're considered a language feature
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00111-00030700-00030879 rather than a language in their own
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00112-00030880-00031152 right most programmers have forgotten
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00113-00031152-00031514 that or never knew and when I frame
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00114-00031516-00031749 regex historically like that contrasting
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00115-00031750-00031958 their early days as a programming
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00116-00031960-00032304 language is their own right with their
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00117-00032305-00032625 modern days as an embedded DSL it
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00118-00032626-00032922 naturally is the question what are dsl's
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00119-00032923-00033132 anyway are they appreciably drilling
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00120-00033133-00033783 different from program languages well I
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00121-00033784-00034011 don't necessarily think that the c2 wiki
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00122-00034012-00034299 is an authoritative source it's some
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00123-00034300-00034500 place where a lot of smart people have
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00124-00034501-00034910 had a number of informed opinions a
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00125-00034911-00035349 number of informed opinions over the
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00126-00035350-00035859 years and they defined dsl's in this
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00127-00035860-00036131 consensus that is reached through a
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00128-00036132-00036423 sheer spending amount of debate as
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00129-00036424-00036624 programming languages as programming
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00130-00036625-00036768 languages designed specifically to
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00131-00036769-00036975 express solutions to problems in a
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00132-00036976-00037332 specific domain there are a lot of
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00133-00037333-00037509 spirited discussions about the merits of
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00134-00037510-00037746 this pattern because two programmers and
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00135-00037747-00038019 three opinions and c2 wiki but it's
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00136-00038020-00038240 universally agreed by all of these
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00137-00038241-00038432 programmers with all of these opinions
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00138-00038433-00038805 that both their potential beauty and the
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00139-00038806-00039045 potential horror of dsl's stems from
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00140-00039046-00039189 their place as languages in their own
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00141-00039190-00039405 right because languages are difficult to
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00142-00039406-00039732 design they also do some talking about
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00143-00039733-00040037 whether regex are actually a DSL
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00144-00040038-00040281 fascinatingly enough a lot of people
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00145-00040282-00040421 don't think they're complex enough
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00146-00040422-00040895 to count as a language to each their own
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00147-00040896-00041243 but I am the kind of person who will die
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00148-00041244-00041483 on the hill that CSS and sequel are also
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00149-00041484-00042029 programming languages and regex have far
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00150-00042030-00042293 more complex control structures even if
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00151-00042294-00042500 these control structures are not
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00152-00042501-00042803 actually powerful enough to avoid this
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00153-00042804-00043100 kind of email validation regex and to
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00154-00043101-00043289 let you express those ideas in a more
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00155-00043290-00043724 concise fashion but like that cautionary
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00156-00043725-00044018 tale aside which is absolutely what we
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00157-00044019-00044228 think of when we think of regex in fear
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00158-00044229-00044546 in the wild most production regex are a
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00159-00044547-00044965 lot closer to this basic example and
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00160-00044966-00045332 well the dodgy isn't necessarily we
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00161-00045333-00045734 think of it's a perfectly valid retro
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00162-00045735-00046025 expression and it exemplifies one of
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00163-00046026-00046240 regex is genuine intuitive strengths
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00164-00046241-00046517 it's not just that far leap to figure
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00165-00046518-00046690 out that a regex containing the letter D
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00166-00046691-00047084 will match on the letter D more
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00167-00047085-00047222 generally Express we can call this
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00168-00047223-00047450 feature of regular expressions tight
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00169-00047451-00047660 domain integration well I time that
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00170-00047661-00047975 right remember dsl's are programming
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00171-00047976-00048158 languages designed specifically to
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00172-00048159-00048386 express the solutions to a problems in a
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00173-00048387-00048721 specific domain when dsl's to highly
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00174-00048722-00048871 selves closely to the corpse and
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00175-00048872-00049124 structure specific to a domain they get
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00176-00049125-00049298 a leg up in solving domain specific
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00177-00049299-00049631 problems this is something that goes a
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00178-00049632-00049823 bit deeper than the ordinary programming
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00179-00049824-00050033 program are super power of needing
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00180-00050034-00050243 things you're not just importing
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00181-00050244-00050419 concepts from the problem domain into
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00182-00050420-00050729 your interview be you're replacing the
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00183-00050730-00050879 logic of Ruby with the logic of that
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00184-00050880-00051224 problem domain registers get a cheap to
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00185-00051225-00051344 cheat a bit when it comes to this type
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00186-00051345-00051560 domain integration their text processing
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00187-00051561-00051765 language and they're written using text
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00188-00051766-00052027 most dsl's we write don't get that
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00189-00052028-00052244 automatic sheet but we can express this
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00190-00052245-00052420 type domain and integration with a
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00191-00052421-00052604 little more work to figure out it to
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00192-00052604-00053126 figure it out for example we're going to
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00193-00053127-00053288 build a Twitter language a pre language
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00194-00053289-00053566 runs Twitter searches targeted Twitter
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00195-00053567-00053671 search is specific
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00196-00053672-00053901 clay and we'll start with the simplest
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00197-00053902-00054129 query possible which is searching my
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00198-00054130-00054432 twitter feed for photos with my catch we
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00199-00054433-00054853 can see here why that is the simplest
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00200-00054854-00055096 thing possible or we will in about 10
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00201-00055097-00055632 seconds at this point right you don't
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00202-00055633-00055875 really need a DSL to express a lot a
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00203-00055876-00056118 simple hash interface would convey my
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00204-00056119-00056280 intent is clearly and implementing that
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00205-00056281-00056424 interface would be far more
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00206-00056425-00056965 straightforward but what if you want
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00207-00056966-00057141 photos of cats in my general social
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00208-00057142-00057591 circle suddenly a more complex query
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00209-00057592-00057843 language starts to make sense these two
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00210-00057844-00058275 examples are roughly comparable but when
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00211-00058276-00058419 we start to add more complicated logic
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00212-00058420-00058617 around the network diagram of my Twitter
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00213-00058618-00058875 friends then our quote unquote simple a
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00214-00058876-00059049 hash interface starts to look a lot less
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00215-00059050-00059428 simple this hash below would be
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00216-00059429-00059584 difficult for search function to parse
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00217-00059585-00059781 and difficult to actually use it would
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00218-00059782-00059935 be difficult to document and difficult
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00219-00059936-00060178 to remember this is happening because
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00220-00060179-00060351 we're defining our API and Ruby's terms
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00221-00060352-00060738 rather than our domains terms it starts
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00222-00060739-00060985 to look like a bad dsl actually and
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00223-00060986-00061153 specifically one without type domain
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00224-00061154-00061407 integration in the first example by
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00225-00061408-00061593 admitting that we were writing a DSL we
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00226-00061594-00061767 were able to maintain a tight focus on
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00227-00061768-00061941 the core domain concepts which alternate
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00228-00061942-00062307 Lee led to a smoother design now you'll
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00229-00062308-00062629 note one thing that I am NOT saying here
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00230-00062629-00063241 a lot of people talk about strings like
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00231-00063241-00063537 this as examples of successful API
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00232-00063538-00063813 design because they're English a what's
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00233-00063814-00063930 actually happening though is more
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00234-00063931-00064338 complex the two examples we're going to
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00235-00064339-00064743 be looking at in about five seconds are
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00236-00064744-00064915 both r-spec from different ears of the
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00237-00064916-00065185 framework they're both I suppose English
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00238-00065186-00065400 eight in the loose way that we're using
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00239-00065401-00065716 the term before that is to say they both
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00240-00065717-00065936 use English words to name things
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00241-00065937-00066191 they their grammar occasionally causes
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00242-00066192-00066365 those English words to flow together in
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00243-00066366-00066653 a way that Apes and English sentence the
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00244-00066654-00066840 top at example is definitely the English
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00245-00066841-00067040 year of the two it's pretty much a
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00246-00067041-00067391 sentence and its own right but it's been
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00247-00067392-00067556 supplanted by the second style as our
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00248-00067557-00067766 spec has evolved which is against what
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00249-00067767-00068198 we'd be thinking if English year was
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00250-00068199-00068504 always the goal of API design its inner
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00251-00068505-00068663 placed by that for a lot of reasons
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00252-00068664-00068884 among them a much cleaner implementation
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00253-00068885-00069350 and it actually isn't any harder to work
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00254-00069351-00069680 with in practice which goes against the
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00255-00069681-00070055 idea that English is goal the mark of a
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00256-00070056-00070277 good dsl isn't how closely it approaches
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00257-00070278-00070502 English it's whether enables programmers
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00258-00070503-00070808 to write programs the r-spec dsl neatly
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00259-00070809-00071015 encapsulates domain concepts like test
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00260-00071016-00071219 cases and assertions achieving the site
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00261-00071220-00071417 same tight and necessarily intuitive
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00262-00071418-00071723 domain integration but regex achieved by
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00263-00071724-00072110 having dogmas dog and only some of red
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00264-00072111-00072308 are specs tight domain integration comes
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00265-00072309-00072578 from choosing good names for things the
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00266-00072579-00072863 vocabulary of the dsl makes sense but
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00267-00072864-00073037 languages are made of grammar as well as
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00268-00073038-00073238 vocabulary and this brings us to our
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00269-00073239-00073642 next big principle of good dsl design
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00270-00073643-00074051 namely composability if i want to make
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00271-00074052-00074276 regex that searches for either dog or
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00272-00074277-00074621 cat the answer is pretty easy regex is
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00273-00074622-00074756 grammar is simple and for the most part
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00274-00074757-00075021 intuitive or combination and back
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00275-00075022-00075179 references are really as complicated
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00276-00075180-00075488 deserve as it ever gets since all's
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00277-00075489-00075692 doing is providing a facility for simple
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00278-00075693-00075869 text matching and since it's made out of
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00279-00075870-00076136 text it once again gets to cheat and for
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00280-00076137-00076301 most part lean on its own structure to
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00281-00076302-00076562 develop a grammar since most domains
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00282-00076563-00076838 aren't quite such natural fits for one
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00283-00076839-00077042 character after the next they need to
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00284-00077043-00077260 develop more complex composition rules
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00285-00077261-00077618 when you when we build Ruby dsl's we are
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00286-00077619-00077777 building languages that are implementing
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00287-00077778-00077975 in Ruby and which lean on the radar sir
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00288-00077976-00078194 and because of that we're constrained by
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00289-00078195-00078356 rubies grammar in deciding which
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00290-00078357-00078617 composition rules to adopt in practice
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00291-00078618-00079041 this leads us toward three basic shapes
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00292-00079042-00079305 the person simplest is the class macro
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00293-00079306-00079619 dsl specifically the class an actor with
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00294-00079620-00079881 a lot of configuration options this sort
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00295-00079882-00080178 of example is useful as a top-level hook
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00296-00080179-00080387 interface between a library and classes
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00297-00080388-00080504 that want to make use of its features
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00298-00080505-00080700 it's how a lot of the rails framework
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00299-00080701-00080874 for example is expressed as well as a
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00300-00080875-00081141 lot of image attachment libraries it's
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00301-00081142-00081348 not necessarily that expressive because
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00302-00081349-00081522 you can only build concepts with it that
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00303-00081523-00081701 can be expressed in a configuration hash
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00304-00081702-00081954 but it's easy to read and easy to
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00305-00081955-00082722 implement and hard screw up the next
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00306-00082723-00082998 most complex of the dsl styles we're
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00307-00082999-00083124 going to talk about is method chaining
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00308-00083125-00083475 in this style which will hopefully
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00309-00083476-00083715 appear on the screen now you use a
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00310-00083716-00083957 series of methods that return self to
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00311-00083958-00084192 build code sequences that continuously
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00312-00084193-00084336 you're fine when object means before
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00313-00084337-00084632 using that object this is a very common
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00314-00084633-00084873 javascript dsl structure but in the Ruby
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00315-00084874-00085017 world I've mostly only seen in test
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00316-00085018-00085224 libraries like mocha mocks or our spec
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00317-00085225-00085469 matchers honestly I wish it were used
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00318-00085470-00085746 much more often since it's designed
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00319-00085747-00085868 around the idea of continuously
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00320-00085869-00086081 modifying objects it's easy to
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00321-00086082-00086271 manipulate and reason about and it can
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00322-00086272-00086375 be bent to match a lot of different
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00323-00086376-00086667 coming models in our example Twitter
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00324-00086668-00086882 desk where dsl our composition rules
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00325-00086883-00087044 focus on the shapes the relationships
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00326-00087045-00087180 that people have with each other in
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00327-00087181-00087378 mochas they focus on the different
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00328-00087379-00087638 properties of mock objects in each case
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00329-00087639-00087798 the grammar which defines how elements
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00330-00087799-00087999 can be composed also echoes the domain
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00331-00088000-00088242 structure in other words type domain
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00332-00088243-00088413 integration matters at both see
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00333-00088414-00088617 vocabulary and the grammar levels of a
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00334-00088618-00089022 domain-specific language the last
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00335-00089023-00089241 comment Ruby dsl style is the block
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00336-00089242-00089801 structure its simplest form the one
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00337-00089802-00090063 level block DSL it's Commons choice for
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00338-00090064-00090324 tiny configuration dsl's it provides a
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00339-00090325-00090480 really pretty interface with a minimum
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00340-00090481-00091079 of implantation
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00341-00091080-00091700 come on there we go a little computer
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00342-00091701-00092352 and the there we go you can also build a
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00343-00092353-00092655 nested block dsl's since the style
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00344-00092656-00092826 pushes you toward code that takes on a
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00345-00092827-00093045 tree or a nested structure it's a strong
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00346-00093046-00093201 choice when the pattern the opposed the
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00347-00093202-00093498 landscape of that domain in the rails
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00348-00093499-00093699 routing dsl for example the tree shaped
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00349-00093700-00093933 echoes the directory structures that web
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00350-00093934-00094194 routes visually imitate this box
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00351-00094195-00094374 structure is a common one in ruby dsl's
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00352-00094375-00094614 it defines a grammar that feels removed
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00353-00094615-00094755 from the ordinary one method after
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00354-00094756-00094986 another rhythm of ruby and so it feels
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00355-00094987-00095277 vs le in the same way that arranging
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00356-00095278-00095643 things in sentences heels english a it's
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00357-00095644-00095913 not that hard to implement necessarily
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00358-00095914-00096144 from the lines of code perspective but
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00359-00096145-00096366 because it relies on passing blocks of
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00360-00096367-00096537 code in between different contacts it's
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00361-00096538-00096912 sometimes hard to reason about when
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00362-00096913-00097074 things go wrong it can be difficult to
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00363-00097075-00097314 into it or even find the context in
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00364-00097315-00097437 which any given line of code is
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00365-00097438-00097737 executing and this least one of my most
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00366-00097738-00097920 common frustration points with other
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00367-00097921-00098211 people's dsl's namely them using the
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00368-00098212-00098394 block structure inappropriately because
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00369-00098395-00099089 it looked esle it'll be slide
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00370-00099090-00099282 demonstrating my point should appear in
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00371-00099283-00099450 a few seconds but in the interest of
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00372-00099451-00099855 time the abstraction that they try to
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00373-00099856-00100017 implement with these inappropriate block
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00374-00100018-00100410 structures is doesn't neatly fall into a
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00375-00100411-00100671 nested structure necessarily and so when
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00376-00100672-00100896 I write code that tries to fit what I'm
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00377-00100897-00101211 trying to express within this nested
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00378-00101212-00101382 structure that doesn't fit it very well
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00379-00101383-00101646 I wind up needing to pass around prox a
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00380-00101647-00101865 lot or use a bunch of instance of al's
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00381-00101866-00102434 or both in order to get things done in a
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00382-00102435-00102719 dry way worse yet because I'm passing
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00383-00102720-00102906 around all of these blocks that are
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00384-00102907-00103152 evaluated in various contexts that I
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00385-00103153-00103409 know very little about immediately I
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00386-00103410-00103783 need to read the gift libraries code and
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00387-00103784-00104052 really know a lot about what context
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00388-00104053-00104241 these blocks are being evaluated in
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00389-00104242-00104599 I need to care about the internals in a
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00390-00104600-00104781 way that I wouldn't necessarily need to
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00391-00104782-00105111 care in a Leslie he abstraction and to
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00392-00105113-00105319 be frank this talk was inspired by a DSL
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00393-00105320-00105565 that made me do that it also was
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00394-00105566-00105706 designed in a way that wasn't easy to
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00395-00105707-00105858 extend or modify and so I wounded up
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00396-00105859-00106096 needing to monkey patch with a lot it
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00397-00106097-00106333 was a really bad perfect storm of
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00398-00106333-00106642 frustration and so I was trying to write
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00399-00106643-00106828 a talk to figure out why i hated that
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00400-00106829-00107281 entire process and so also the project I
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00401-00107282-00107524 was working with that dsl on I wanted to
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00402-00107525-00107683 big things from it I wanted it to be
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00403-00107683-00107883 easily accessible with ordinary object
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00404-00107884-00108070 oriented techniques so they didn't need
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00405-00108071-00108229 to monkey patch all the other all the
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00406-00108230-00108504 time and I wanted it for me to be easily
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00407-00108505-00108909 able to merge blocks of code written in
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00408-00108910-00109158 that dsl in other words I wanted its
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00409-00109159-00109246 grammar to allow for better
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00410-00109247-00109414 composability and when I started working
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00411-00109415-00109639 on that this talk i figured that those
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00412-00109640-00109935 two were the same thing i really did
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00413-00109936-00110119 think I was going to wind up proving
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00414-00110120-00110383 dsl's were irrelevant and I was wrong
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00415-00110383-00110833 and here's why reg exes are made of
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00416-00110833-00111141 strings you contribute build a regex
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00417-00111142-00111339 with Ruby using a perfectly ordinary
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00418-00111340-00111622 string manipulation Ruby you don't need
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00419-00111623-00111781 to use class avail and feel dirty about
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00420-00111782-00112129 it the way I did in the regex examples i
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00421-00112130-00112378 was showing before and i figured that as
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00422-00112379-00112576 long as i was going to say that you can
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00423-00112577-00112813 do stuff like this with your dsl it was
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00424-00112814-00113034 going to be perfectly fine it was pretty
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00425-00113035-00113419 great and this chalk was going to just
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00426-00113420-00113566 be about how to make it possible to do
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00427-00113567-00113859 that stuff but if we accept that
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00428-00113860-00114031 domain-specific languages are just
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00429-00114032-00114309 languages then what actually is the
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00430-00114310-00114550 difference between combining regex
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00431-00114551-00114748 fragments with ruby and intermixing ruby
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00432-00114749-00115102 with other languages what's the
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00433-00115103-00115423 difference between the regex with
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00434-00115424-00115654 embedded Ruby up top and the JavaScript
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00435-00115655-00116004 with embedded Ruby below there isn't all
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00436-00116005-00116221 that much of one and if we poke at our
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00437-00116222-00116448 instinctive you reaction to that
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00438-00116449-00116658 JavaScript with embedded Ruby we can
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00439-00116659-00117007 figure out why so in this example we're
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00440-00117008-00117232 initializing a JavaScript array and then
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00441-00117233-00117424 using embedded Ruby to manually build up
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00442-00117425-00117545 a set of literal
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00443-00117546-00117749 push calls that reassembles a ruby array
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00444-00117750-00117988 and javascript world when I've seen this
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00445-00117989-00118193 first example in the wild and yes I have
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00446-00118194-00118360 seen it in three different production
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00447-00118361-00118772 code bases god help me is generally done
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00448-00118773-00118951 in the context of web application view
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00449-00118952-00119263 in other words the developer was writing
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00450-00119264-00119464 that code to transfer it in memory Ruby
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00451-00119465-00119638 array on the server to an array on the
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00452-00119639-00119839 client but of course there's another
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00453-00119840-00120088 more widely accepted way to do that it's
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00454-00120089-00120460 the example below you just write an API
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00455-00120461-00120671 endpoint on the server that returns the
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00456-00120672-00120923 array and then the client side
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00457-00120924-00121094 JavaScript access is that using an
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00458-00121095-00121339 ordinary Ajax call in writing the
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00459-00121340-00121588 embedded Ruby we're ignoring an existing
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00460-00121589-00121759 well-defined interface for transferring
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00461-00121760-00121951 information between the client side and
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00462-00121952-00122710 the server side and in ignoring that
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00463-00122711-00123200 interface we can figure out what's going
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00464-00123201-00123368 wrong it's not just that we're ignoring
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00465-00123369-00123565 the interface by the way when I first
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00466-00123566-00124097 had this eerie action to the array push
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00467-00124098-00124451 I didn't actually know enough JavaScript
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00468-00124452-00124678 to understand there was an accepted way
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00469-00124679-00125171 to not that but if there's a
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00470-00125172-00125372 fine interface for us to ignore then
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00471-00125373-00125549 that means but we must have two objects
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00472-00125550-00125839 that the interface is between in this
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00473-00125840-00126023 case the objects are the review server
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00474-00126024-00126235 and the JavaScript client but we can as
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00475-00126236-00126647 easily think about that as the Ruby and
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00476-00126648-00126958 the JavaScript and we can think of the
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00477-00126958-00127363 languages as kind of objects in the cs
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00478-00127364-00127663 meta sense this is a little easier to
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00479-00127664-00127804 understand when we look at the regex
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00480-00127805-00128150 example it's very clear that the two
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00481-00128151-00128276 different objects or the languages
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00482-00128277-00128608 themselves and if a chunk of any given
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00483-00128609-00128972 language is a object its own right in
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00484-00128973-00129265 again some very interesting medicines
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00485-00129266-00129521 then we're doing when we use Ruby to
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00486-00129522-00129719 compose a regex or assemble a JavaScript
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00487-00129720-00130009 array is crossing those object
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00488-00130010-00130309 boundaries of the language those
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00489-00130310-00130488 interpreted Ruby strings are not
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00490-00130489-00130793 actually spiritually different from you
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00491-00130794-00130993 instance about to call a private method
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00492-00130994-00131227 they're reaching into the JavaScript's
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00493-00131228-00131399 business and messing around with it
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00494-00131400-00131660 which is part of why code generated
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00495-00131661-00131839 using this method is so very hard to
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00496-00131840-00132238 understand a debug and suppose we've got
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00497-00132239-00132572 that mental framework in place what's
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00498-00132573-00132773 the difference between interpolating
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00499-00132774-00133075 Ruby into JavaScript like the example
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00500-00133076-00133397 above and interpolating Ruby into our
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00501-00133398-00133823 spec and I know I just said a really
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00502-00133824-00134174 weird thing our spec is written using
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00503-00134175-00134416 Ruby so it sounds funny to talk about
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00504-00134417-00134728 interpolating Ruby into our spec but
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00505-00134729-00135011 again in order for a DSL to be useful it
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00506-00135012-00135214 needs to be a language in its own right
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00507-00135215-00135616 we need to give it that respect and so
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00508-00135617-00135818 we need to Accord our spec that respect
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00509-00135819-00136109 and our spec is kind of weird in this
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00510-00136110-00136261 way right because it expects you to
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00511-00136262-00136448 embed Ruby into it but expects you to
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00512-00136449-00136666 embed this Ruby in specific coordinate
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00513-00136667-00137036 off and well-defined places when you
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00514-00137037-00137302 embed Ruby in a place that isn't one of
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00515-00137303-00137575 those like by using an each loop to find
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00516-00137576-00137776 a group of similar examples then you're
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00517-00137777-00137972 crossing language boundaries and it
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00518-00137973-00138119 feels icky in the way that that always
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00519-00138120-00138518 does and should always do if I were to
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00520-00138519-00138734 try to use ordinary object oriented
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00521-00138735-00139050 techniques to try and extend our spec
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00522-00139051-00139318 like I wanted to be able to do with that
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00523-00139319-00139750 bad dsl I was talking about earlier that
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00524-00139751-00139989 would also be crossing those boundaries
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00525-00139990-00140215 when was the last time you tried to
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00526-00140216-00140449 extend the class that all described box
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00527-00140450-00140779 build instances of for that matter when
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00528-00140780-00140984 was last time outside of Sam's talk
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00529-00140985-00141308 earlier that you thought about the fact
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00530-00141309-00141497 that described blocks instantiate an
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00531-00141498-00141841 object our specs language design
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00532-00141842-00142019 successfully hides these implementation
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00533-00142020-00142211 details from you just like a good
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00534-00142212-00142385 library and a good language should you
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00535-00142386-00142516 don't think about see when you're
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00536-00142517-00142762 writing Ruby unless you're doing good
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00537-00142763-00143101 optimization more than that it
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00538-00143102-00143344 successfully obscures its own Ruby pneus
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00539-00143345-00143635 we nearly forget using it that it was
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00540-00143636-00143798 written in Ruby and therefore must be
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00541-00143799-00143976 made up of the objects in class
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00542-00143977-00144366 that make up all Ruby implementations we
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00543-00144367-00144531 get to do that because our spec has
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00544-00144532-00144800 removed the need to think about it
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00545-00144801-00145074 instead of asking users to use ordinary
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00546-00145075-00145428 object techniques to extend our spec its
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00547-00145429-00145596 maintainer sub divine to find some
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00548-00145597-00145857 specific extension API s such as a
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00549-00145858-00146061 shared example API and the matcher API
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00550-00146062-00146337 and for matters connected to the actual
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00551-00146338-00146619 purpose of our spec namely the structure
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00552-00146620-00146778 of example groups and examples and
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00553-00146779-00147024 expectations you're expected to still
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00554-00147025-00147483 not interfere in other words any
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00555-00147484-00147723 languages rules of composition stay
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00556-00147724-00148119 within the language composability is not
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00557-00148120-00148332 about how easy it is to cross language
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00558-00148333-00148578 boundaries to do whatever you want it's
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00559-00148579-00148734 about how easy it is to do what you want
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00560-00148735-00148884 in a sensible way while staying within
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00561-00148885-00149196 the balance of the language and that's
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00562-00149197-00149385 great and all but it doesn't solve one
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00563-00149386-00149526 of the problems I had with that other
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00564-00149527-00149760 dsl a terrible one that I'm deliberately
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00565-00149761-00150237 nominating that I couldn't do all the
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00566-00150238-00150390 things i wanted to do with it period
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00567-00150391-00150630 nevermind sensibly while staying within
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00568-00150631-00150933 the bounds that's why I needs mucky
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00569-00150934-00151188 patches internals and so how do we avoid
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00570-00151189-00151491 that problem our dsl designs well we can
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00571-00151492-00151680 provide a small defined extension API
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00572-00151681-00152148 like r-spec does and that lets us define
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00573-00152149-00152352 new words in the language without
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00574-00152353-00152673 bending its grammar out of shape but
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00575-00152674-00152865 there's another way and I like this one
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00576-00152866-00153588 better and it's very simple one of the
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00577-00153589-00153708 beautiful things about regular
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00578-00153709-00153915 expressions is that they search within
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00579-00153916-00154074 text and they occasionally your place
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00580-00154075-00154391 text they do not try to do anything more
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00581-00154392-00154641 they do not claim to do anything more
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00582-00154642-00154893 they have chosen one specific problem
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00583-00154894-00155199 space and they don't try to solve any
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00584-00155200-00155427 other problems as stack overflows
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00585-00155428-00155616 funniest answer is quick to remind us
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00586-00155617-00155817 regular expressions can only parse
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00587-00155818-00156009 regular languages and those are a very
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00588-00156010-00156252 small subset of all the languages in the
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00589-00156253-00156567 world they have their limits they are
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00590-00156568-00156762 not a complete parsing engine for
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00591-00156763-00157051 anything especially not h2
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00592-00157052-00157507 oh and also again not to beat a dead
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00593-00157508-00158158 horse email validations and that is
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00594-00158159-00158542 totally okay because they do not need to
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00595-00158543-00159004 do anything but search text I'm going to
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00596-00159005-00159271 call this closed domain integration it's
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00597-00159272-00159457 not enough to integrate deeply with
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00598-00159458-00159643 domain you just need to go to the limits
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00599-00159644-00160003 of that domain and no further in order
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00600-00160004-00160147 to get there you need the flip side of
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00601-00160148-00160405 this coin namely constraining the domain
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00602-00160406-00160735 definition so that you know where those
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00603-00160736-00160960 limits are it's okay to define these
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00604-00160961-00161176 limits with big red placeholder boxes
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00605-00161177-00161491 like our spec does and say user code
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00606-00161492-00161758 goes here but you need to have that
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00607-00161759-00161923 really specific definition you need to
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00608-00161924-00162325 know where those boxes lie if you do
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00609-00162326-00162544 that it makes the problem of covering
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00610-00162545-00162745 the domain completely one that is even
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00611-00162746-00163327 solvable in the first place so I'll
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00612-00163328-00163699 start wrapping up now as rubyists we are
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00613-00163700-00163903 not going to operating dsl's anytime
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00614-00163904-00164086 soon it's one of the things everyone
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00615-00164087-00164314 jokes about us but actually the strength
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00616-00164315-00164568 because dsl's are very powerful and
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00617-00164569-00164794 they're kind of cool when they're done
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00618-00164795-00165175 right so the question then becomes how
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00619-00165176-00165454 do we write the good ones rather than
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00620-00165455-00165709 the ones that Aaron is having feelings
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00621-00165710-00166396 about right here and so you can treat
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00622-00166397-00166656 your DSL like you would any other API
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00623-00166657-00166936 you can expose what people need you can
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00624-00166937-00167446 close off the other stuff you can stay
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00625-00167447-00167629 close to domain you're describing and
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00626-00167630-00167905 have sensible composition rules and you
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00627-00167906-00168043 can keep everything small enough to
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00628-00168044-00168391 complete getting there though it is
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00629-00168392-00168694 again a very hard problem while a good
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00630-00168695-00168913 dsl is often more usable than a good
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00631-00168914-00169447 vanilla library api a bad dsl is much
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00632-00169448-00169711 less usable as we've all experienced
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00633-00169712-00169871 than a bad vanilla life
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00634-00169872-00170203 api I'm not saying right now that you're
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00635-00170204-00170375 doomed to screw up because obviously
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00636-00170376-00170600 you've seen this talk and every dsl you
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00637-00170601-00170735 design from now on is going to be
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00638-00170736-00171272 perfect but a good dsl is a lot more
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00639-00171273-00171494 work than a decent vanilla api and
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00640-00171495-00171793 that's something that you get to respect
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00641-00171794-00171989 you're going to need to write that
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00642-00171990-00172238 decent vanilla api anyway in order to
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00643-00172239-00172622 implement the dsl and so i'm going to
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00644-00172623-00172777 suggest that you do that first and
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00645-00172778-00173150 figure out if you need more and let
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00646-00173151-00173629 things lie like that that's everything i
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00647-00173630-00173902 need to say right now i'm betsy hable
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00648-00173903-00174115 again I'm betzen muffin on Twitter which
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00649-00174116-00174296 is going to pop up on the screen in
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00650-00174297-00174541 about five seconds I am very sorry about
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00651-00174542-00174790 the AV issues I'm not entirely sure
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00652-00174791-00175097 what's going on with Google Docs this
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00653-00175098-00175352 talk is going to be up on my website at
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00654-00175353-00175627 the URL on the screen shortly after this
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00655-00175628-00175751 talk probably sometime during the
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00656-00175752-00176041 lightning talks or dinner whenever I can
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00657-00176042-00176324 get a decent lock on to github and with
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00658-00176325-00176582 the conference internet really I tweet
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00659-00176583-00176945 about books code my cat and feminism at
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00660-00176946-00177308 that soup muffin and I co-organized meet
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00661-00177309-00177478 up back home called learn ruby in DC
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00662-00177479-00177851 this is an informal space for newbies to
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00663-00177852-00178145 ask questions and find mentorship if you
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00664-00178146-00178481 are interested in making a meet-up like
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00665-00178482-00178690 that in your own home town or if you
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00666-00178691-00178859 also run a meet-up like that and want
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00667-00178860-00179111 the talk shop then please talk to me I
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00668-00179112-00179243 think it's a really good model for
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00669-00179244-00179501 building the community and I would love
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00670-00179502-00179890 to share nice stories and also pitfalls
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00671-00179891-00180386 so you can avoid them I work for a great
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00672-00180387-00180725 little organization called act blue that
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00673-00180726-00180995 builds fundraising tech for Democratic
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00674-00180996-00181760 candidates and causes where we focus on
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00675-00181761-00181958 small rural donations which is a
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00676-00181959-00182140 surprisingly powerful thing our average
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00677-00182141-00182393 donation size is around thirty dollars
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00678-00182394-00183137 and we've raised nearly 85 or sorry 815
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00679-00183138-00183428 million over the approximately a decade
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00680-00183429-00183854 we've been in business and this really
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00681-00183855-00184160 helps those donors voices be heard in a
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00682-00184161-00184433 way that keeps the party accountable to
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00683-00184434-00184802 the voices of people who only have
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00684-00184803-00184958 thirty dollars to spare at a time it's
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00685-00184959-00185231 something that means a lot to me we are
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00686-00185232-00185481 also committed to building sustainably
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00687-00185482-00185840 at the kind of scale that can bring in
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00688-00185841-00186156 that much money over time we have a
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00689-00186157-00186578 modern tested stacks and we have a focus
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00690-00186579-00186959 on maintaining culture that well my
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00691-00186960-00187172 third day was one of our biggest days of
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00692-00187173-00187466 all time right and pretty much everyone
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00693-00187467-00187649 in my team hip chatted me over the
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00694-00187650-00187794 course of the day saying by the way
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00695-00187795-00187916 that's see I know its end of quarter
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00696-00187917-00188111 you're going to close your laptop at
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00697-00188112-00188319 five-thirty and you're going to have
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00698-00188320-00188432 dinner and you're going to do everything
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00699-00188433-00188996 but be on call and we're also hiring
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00700-00188997-00189302 rails UX and DevOps people right now so
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00701-00189303-00189497 if the values I just outlined sound good
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00702-00189498-00189761 to you if they resonate then please talk
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00703-00189762-00190274 to me I'd love to work with you many
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00704-00190275-00190550 thanks to nil rappin kenzie connor chris
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00705-00190551-00190859 hoffman tina waste and the entire
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00706-00190860-00191090 membership of Arlington Ruby users group
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00707-00191091-00191273 for invaluable feedback while I was
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00708-00191274-00192486 developing this talk
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00709-00192487-00192760 but I personally have built I have not
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00710-00192761-00193099 built enough I have not built enough
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00711-00193100-00193312 things that actually required dsl like I
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00712-00193313-00193556 really do take the responsibility to go
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00713-00193557-00193804 up to those bounds and no further quite
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00714-00193805-00194059 seriously and so I've built some
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00715-00194060-00194361 tempting stuff that I'm pretty proud of
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00716-00194362-00194641 but other than that I haven't worked in
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00717-00194642-00194854 any problem spaces that I feel require
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00718-00194855-00195235 at that level of power unfortunately
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00719-00195236-00195391 that's all been proprietary stuff so I
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00720-00195392-00195640 can't point you to a github repo the
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00721-00195641-00195806 question from Walter is whether I have
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00722-00195807-00195952 any mental litmus test for when
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00723-00195953-00196225 something does want to DSL so for that
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00724-00196226-00196939 let's kind of go back a few slides a lot
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00725-00196940-00197122 of slides hi there now you're working
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00726-00197123-00197496 now you're working quickly what the hell
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00727-00197497-00197898 so like if you can see in that second
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00728-00197899-00198103 example on the bottom we're getting an
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00729-00198104-00198682 increasingly complex hash interface and
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00730-00198683-00198973 one of the things about that is that is
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00731-00198974-00199169 you applier more option more and more
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00732-00199170-00199600 options for what any given library
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00733-00199601-00199828 access point we'll call it that even
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00734-00199829-00199984 though that sounds really fancy and it's
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00735-00199985-00200403 not a fancy concept what are you givin
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00736-00200404-00200827 when any given method call um that's at
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00737-00200828-00201158 the front edge of your API winds up
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00738-00201159-00201346 starting taking a lot and a lot and a
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00739-00201347-00201583 lot and a lot of parameters um you
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00740-00201584-00201759 should start thinking about ways to
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00741-00201760-00201985 encapsulate all of those parameters
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00742-00201986-00202282 within an object and a lot of the time a
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00743-00202283-00202607 nice simple method chaining dsl is a
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00744-00202608-00202873 great way to actually build that
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00745-00202874-00203077 parameter object in a way that's clean
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00746-00203078-00203377 and readable it's one of the questions I
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00747-00203378-00203635 kind of anticipated getting was someone
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00748-00203636-00203831 calling me on differences between our
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00749-00203832-00203998 spec and mini tests because they're very
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00750-00203999-00204196 different stylistically in terms of
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00751-00204197-00204569 implementation but in terms of the ways
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00752-00204570-00204805 the minute SPFL is evolved over the
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00753-00204806-00204994 years and the r-spec dsl has evolved
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00754-00204996-00205094 over the years one of the interesting
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00755-00205094-00205228 things is is that they'd actually
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00756-00205229-00205433 evolved toward each other
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00757-00205434-00206348 um I think that it's valid to want
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00758-00206349-00206619 something like the full-on test unit
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00759-00206619-00206876 prefix everything with test style it
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00760-00206877-00207239 drives me bonkers and through the years
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00761-00207240-00207458 we've seen a lot of things like our spec
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00762-00207459-00207749 like mini tests SPECT syntax like
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00763-00207750-00208016 shoulda that attempt to impose more
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00764-00208017-00208409 structure than the test case magic API
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00765-00208410-00208853 gives you and you know there's no hard
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00766-00208854-00209006 and fast rules in programming so this is
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00767-00209007-00209672 pointy matters of taste but the outer
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00768-00209673-00210069 edges of the r-spec spec API with
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00769-00210069-00210269 describe blocks and it locks seem to be
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00770-00210271-00210471 something that a lot of different things
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00771-00210471-00210734 just ultimately eventually decide works
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00772-00210735-00210905 for test cases even if that's not where
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00773-00210906-00211092 they start out cool wonderful well I
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00774-00211092-00211239 will let you all get the lightning Cox
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00775-00211240-00212710 thank you so much
+UI_Wx_HB6Do-00776-00212711-00212917 you
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00000-00000490-00001710 [Music]
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00001-00001711-00002196 [Music]
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00002-00002197-00002850 you
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00003-00002851-00003160 hello this is Debbie Kay with the League
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00004-00003161-00003379 of Women Voters of Portland and you are
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00005-00003380-00003659 watching video voters got we're here
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00006-00003660-00003929 with Metro East Community Media to talk
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00007-00003929-00004231 with candidates running in the May 20
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00008-00004232-00004868 2011 yeah Habano running for judge of
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00009-00004869-00005154 the circuit court district for dition 12
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00010-00005155-00005435 welcome Sonya thank you so much for
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00011-00005436-00005527 having me
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00012-00005528-00005786 delighted you could come let's get
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00013-00005787-00005999 started please tell us a little about
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00014-00006000-00006188 yourself and why you're running for this
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00015-00006189-00006532 office well I am one of three daughters
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00016-00006533-00006764 of two very hard-working parents my
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00017-00006765-00006941 mother came here from Sweden when she
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00018-00006942-00007192 was about 17 she lived in a farm she
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00019-00007193-00007328 wanted a better life so she came to
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00020-00007329-00007603 America my father was born in a tenement
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00021-00007604-00007853 in Brooklyn to two Italian immigrants
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00022-00007854-00008009 who also came to the United States to
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00023-00008009-00008249 find a better life and I grew up in New
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00024-00008250-00008537 York and what that did was part of my
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00025-00008538-00008762 whole sense of self is if you work hard
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00026-00008763-00008989 in the United States you can accomplish
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00027-00008990-00009296 anything and I really believe that and
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00028-00009297-00009491 then as I got older I looked around and
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00029-00009492-00009719 I saw that is not true for everyone and
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00030-00009720-00009980 I thought that was very unfair and I
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00031-00009981-00010211 wanted to do what I could to help people
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00032-00010212-00010559 and so I became a lawyer and for 23
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00033-00010560-00010958 years I've worked helping employees get
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00034-00010959-00011108 their wages fight discrimination
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00035-00011109-00011417 harassment retaliation I've helped
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00036-00011418-00011627 people with significant personal
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00037-00011628-00011870 injuries but what I realized as I was
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00038-00011871-00012059 practicing is that no matter what I did
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00039-00012060-00012314 if I walked into a courtroom and the
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00040-00012315-00012614 judge did not hear them treat them with
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00041-00012615-00012919 compassion and respect they walked out
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00042-00012920-00013082 of the situation feeling like they
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00043-00013083-00013369 weren't treated fairly and I believe
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00044-00013370-00013603 that being a lawyer and a judge is one a
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00045-00013604-00013891 public service and so I decided I want
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00046-00013893-00014017 to be a judge that's how I can best
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00047-00014018-00014200 serve my community and then I spent the
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00048-00014201-00014392 next 10 years doing everything I could
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00049-00014393-00014563 to prepare myself for that role by
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00050-00014565-00014747 taking on every type of case imaginable
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00051-00014747-00014930 and working with various boards and
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00052-00014931-00015155 community organizations to really
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00053-00015156-00015263 understand the issues that we're facing
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00054-00015263-00015600 Moulton on the county judges thank you
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00055-00015601-00015883 what do you see as the challenges this
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00056-00015884-00016208 has been and will be created and damaged
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00057-00016209-00016369 and how will those impact effects
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00058-00016370-00016600 effective and efficient administration
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00059-00016601-00016855 of justice how do you propose to meet
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00060-00016856-00017357 those challenges yeah so I do employment
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00061-00017358-00017579 and business law for a large part of my
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00062-00017580-00017768 practice and what I have seen is number
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00063-00017769-00017942 one the courts have shut down except for
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00064-00017943-00018122 providing the most essential services
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00065-00018123-00018322 what that's going to do is create a huge
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00066-00018323-00018563 backlog of cases and those cases are
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00067-00018564-00018697 gonna have to be heard and there and the
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00068-00018698-00018911 more coming in the pipeline but what I
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00069-00018912-00019153 don't think people fully get yet is that
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00070-00019154-00019391 when we can be within six feet of each
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00071-00019392-00019643 other again it's not like a switch is
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00072-00019644-00019805 going to be flipped and everybody who's
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00073-00019806-00020042 out of work is going back to work the
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00074-00020043-00020261 businesses are going to ramp up slowly
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00075-00020262-00020390 which means that the financial
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00076-00020391-00020624 implications of kovat 19 are going to
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00077-00020625-00020872 extend far beyond the day we can all be
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00078-00020873-00021094 in the same room together so what I
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00079-00021095-00021311 think we need to be prepared for is the
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00080-00021312-00021544 onslaught of people who are going to be
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00081-00021545-00021655 in the court because they can't pay
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00082-00021656-00021811 their bills I think there's three things
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00083-00021812-00022030 we can be doing now to be ready for that
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00084-00022031-00022261 number one the legislature and the local
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00085-00022262-00022480 governments need to be doing whatever
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00086-00022481-00022747 they need can to extend deadlines to
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00087-00022748-00022862 people to pay their bills
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00088-00022863-00023141 number two we need to shift whatever
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00089-00023142-00023422 resources we have available to legal aid
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00090-00023423-00023662 and the public defenders number three
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00091-00023663-00023905 there are a lot of people in the
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00092-00023906-00024122 community with mental health care issues
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00093-00024123-00024334 that were literally hanging by a thread
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00094-00024335-00024617 before kovat 19 those people are off a
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00095-00024618-00024764 cliff at this point and they're gonna
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00096-00024765-00024944 end up in front of the court system and
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00097-00024945-00025094 so what we need to do is ensure that
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00098-00025095-00025289 there are resources in the court system
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00099-00025290-00025511 when those people find themselves there
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00100-00025512-00025799 to help them get the help that they need
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00101-00025800-00025972 it's not being within the criminal
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00102-00025973-00026437 justice system thank you what is your
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00103-00026438-00026702 philosophy of the purpose of sentencing
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00104-00026702-00027052 in criminal cases at its most basic
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00105-00027053-00027329 level a sentence in a criminal case is
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00106-00027330-00027575 supposed to write a wrong that has been
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00107-00027576-00027767 done by someone to an individual or
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00108-00027768-00028045 society but I think what we've seen is
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00109-00028047-00028337 that system and that approach it doesn't
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00110-00028338-00028537 work and you can see it by looking at
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00111-00028538-00028739 several things number one a number of
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00112-00028739-00028820 repeat offenders
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00113-00028820-00029014 number two the disproportionate impact
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00114-00029015-00029279 on communities of color and multivariate
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00115-00029280-00029513 communities and number three the people
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00116-00029514-00029579 who end up
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00117-00029580-00029737 the criminal court system really
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00118-00029738-00029914 shouldn't be there people with mental
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00119-00029915-00030074 health issues people facing addiction
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00120-00030075-00030280 issues people facing house lessness
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00121-00030281-00030674 issues so what I learned I was on the
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00122-00030675-00030842 board of southeast works this amazing
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00123-00030843-00031004 organization in Southeast Portland and
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00124-00031005-00031165 what they do is they work with people
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00125-00031166-00031343 while they're still in prison or jail
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00126-00031344-00031610 and they work with them outside and they
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00127-00031611-00031829 get them the resources training create
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00128-00031830-00031996 support systems and they put them in
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00129-00031997-00032198 place so that when they get out they
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00130-00032199-00032443 won't make decisions or be forced to
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00131-00032444-00032630 make the decisions that put them in the
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00132-00032631-00032758 criminal justice system in the first
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00133-00032759-00032876 place and they have one of the best
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00134-00032877-00033143 records in the country on this what I
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00135-00033144-00033323 would like to do is see a more holistic
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00136-00033324-00033652 approach to sentencing so if everyone is
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00137-00033653-00033874 on board you get both the person who has
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00138-00033875-00034018 been harmed the person who has committed
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00139-00034019-00034298 the crime the judges lawyers and any
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00140-00034299-00034465 other resources that can help those
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00141-00034466-00034711 individuals number one come up with a
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00142-00034712-00034964 solution or a resolution that the person
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00143-00034965-00035123 who's been harmed feels is just and
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00144-00035124-00035351 number two gives the person who's
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00145-00035352-00035543 committed the crime resources
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00146-00035544-00035755 information skills training so that they
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00147-00035756-00035924 don't find themselves back in the
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00148-00035925-00036092 criminal justice system once they're
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00149-00036093-00036183 released
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00150-00036184-00036533 thank you how would you as a trial court
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00151-00036534-00036796 judge seek to improve the administration
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00152-00036797-00037001 of justice within your own courtroom
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00153-00037002-00037315 yeah well as I think that I you know
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00154-00037316-00037696 going into court is very scary if you
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00155-00037697-00037910 don't have a lawyer it's like going to a
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00156-00037911-00038192 fun land and not speaking the language
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00157-00038193-00038539 and already access to justice is a huge
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00158-00038540-00038761 problem everywhere in the country and in
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00159-00038762-00038939 Oregon as well we don't have enough
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00160-00038940-00039104 lawyers for the people that need them
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00161-00039105-00039361 and I problem is going to be exacerbated
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00162-00039362-00039749 that's oriented after kovin 18 so what I
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00163-00039750-00040010 would do is threefold I would continue
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00164-00040011-00040160 to do the work that I've already been
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00165-00040161-00040315 doing for 10 years with the campaign for
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00166-00040316-00040508 equal justice which is an organization
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00167-00040509-00040839 that raises money for legal aid and also
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00168-00040840-00041123 increases awareness in the public's mind
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00169-00041124-00041374 about why legal aid is so important you
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00170-00041375-00041582 might not need a lawyer paid for through
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00171-00041583-00041780 legal aid but believe me it will help
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00172-00041781-00042014 you if someone who needs one does number
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00173-00042015-00042182 two I also want to make sure that
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00174-00042183-00042493 there's information in digestible format
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00175-00042494-00042679 to people who don't have a
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00176-00042680-00042846 who come into the courthouse just about
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00177-00042847-00043048 the legal process I think that will help
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00178-00043049-00043290 them as they navigate their way and it
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00179-00043291-00043417 will help all the parties involved
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00180-00043418-00043683 number three as a settlement judge judge
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00181-00043684-00043836 as a judge allowed judges you do
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00182-00043837-00044037 settlement conferences and I will work
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00183-00044038-00044289 very hard to make sure that I connect
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00184-00044290-00044493 with both parties and help them
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00185-00044494-00044689 recognize the human element of what's at
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00186-00044690-00044940 stake and come up with resolutions that
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00187-00044941-00045324 do more good than harm thank you and our
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00188-00045325-00045574 last question in your opinion should
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00189-00045575-00045858 voters consider a judges sentencing
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00190-00045859-00046039 record compared to that of other
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00191-00046040-00046293 Georgia's on the other judges on the
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00192-00046294-00046596 same court offenses and why are why not
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00193-00046597-00046989 I think voters should have as much
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00194-00046990-00047185 information and get as much information
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00195-00047186-00047386 as they can for anyone who's running for
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00196-00047387-00047637 office including the judge unfortunately
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00197-00047638-00047782 I don't think there is a lot of
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00198-00047783-00047955 information about judges that's out
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00199-00047956-00048067 there and that's one of the reasons I
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00200-00048068-00048217 really appreciate the opportunity to
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00201-00048218-00048370 speak with you and that you are putting
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00202-00048371-00049732 this information out there there may be
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00203-00049733-00050362 some there may be some factors that are
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00204-00050363-00050518 taken into account in one case that
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00205-00050519-00050895 aren't in another case and there also
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00206-00050896-00051238 may be limits on the discretion that the
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00207-00051239-00051535 judge can exercise and so I think what
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00208-00051536-00051732 you need to do is look at how does that
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00209-00051733-00051951 judge approach sentencing in different
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00210-00051952-00052113 cases and as I said earlier I believe
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00211-00052114-00052365 that in places where it's appropriate to
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00212-00052366-00052569 engage in restorative justice surgical
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00213-00052570-00052798 holistic approach let's go there and do
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00214-00052799-00052909 that that's the information I think
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00215-00052910-00053193 people should be looking for thank you
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00216-00053194-00053560 very much um you have about 20 seconds
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00217-00053561-00053676 if there's one more thing you want to
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00218-00053677-00054049 say I really appreciate the opportunity
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00219-00054050-00054219 to speak with people about why I'm
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00220-00054220-00054401 running from a moment County Court I
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00221-00054402-00054697 hope that you visit my website Sonya for
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00222-00054698-00054949 judge calm I have a Facebook page learn
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00223-00054950-00055188 more about why I'm running I'm honored
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00224-00055189-00055384 to have more endorsements by any other
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00225-00055385-00055609 sitting judges than any of my fellow
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00226-00055610-00055798 candidates and that really instills me
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00227-00055799-00055903 with a lot of confidence that they
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00228-00055904-00055960 believe I
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00229-00055961-00056151 do this job and and ready to do it I'm
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00230-00056152-00056275 gonna hit the ground running and I'm
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00231-00056276-00056430 gonna serve people of Portland to the
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00232-00056432-00056703 best of my ability thank you thank you
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00233-00056704-00057037 this has been video voters guide the
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00234-00057038-00057315 primary election is Tuesday May 19th
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00235-00057316-00057709 please be an informed voter visits vote
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00236-00057710-00058012 for one one org to learn more about the
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00237-00058013-00058269 candidates and races on your ballot and
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00238-00058270-00058569 exercise your right to vote thank you
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00239-00058570-00058674 for watching
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00240-00058675-00059805 [Music]
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00241-00059807-00061297 [Music]
+UJlhOOs2i8Q-00242-00061298-00061504 you
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00000-00000024-00000167 thank you for joining the virtual
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00001-00000168-00000383 central bank of the future conference
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00002-00000384-00000574 our program will begin shortly in the
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00003-00000575-00000751 meantime we have a short video to kick
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00004-00000752-00000919 things off before our main sessions
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00005-00000919-00001503 today
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00006-00001504-00001663 having a central bank wasn't always the
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00007-00001664-00001991 most politically popular idea
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00008-00001992-00002159 but now most countries have central
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00009-00002160-00002367 banks to conduct monetary policy to
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00010-00002368-00002518 regulate payment systems
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00011-00002519-00002702 and with other regulators to oversee
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00012-00002703-00002883 that country's private financial
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00013-00002884-00003311 institutions
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00014-00003311-00003438 central banks should look at the big
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00015-00003439-00003647 picture to make sure that the economy is
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00016-00003647-00003886 working nationwide for everyone
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00017-00003887-00004079 but we know that many people especially
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00018-00004079-00004238 low-income people women
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00019-00004239-00004543 immigrants are being left out this isn't
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00020-00004544-00004663 just a social issue
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00021-00004664-00004902 it's an economic one for a country to
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00022-00004903-00005031 stay financially healthy
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00023-00005032-00005247 it needs widespread participation across
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00024-00005248-00005527 all sectors
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00025-00005528-00005679 central banks are well positioned to
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00026-00005680-00005863 advance financial inclusion
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00027-00005864-00006134 to help ensure a robust economy some
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00028-00006135-00006318 banks in fact have already begun to take
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00029-00006319-00006454 on this role
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00030-00006455-00006670 for example the reserve bank of india
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00031-00006672-00006855 has combined regulation and financial
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00032-00006856-00007023 technology to promote financial
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00033-00007023-00007142 inclusion
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00034-00007143-00007375 with their audahar system citizens can
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00035-00007376-00007614 open an account with just a fingerprint
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00036-00007615-00007846 from there biometric identification can
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00037-00007847-00007919 be used
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00038-00007920-00008110 as identification for state provided
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00039-00008111-00008374 services and financial transactions
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00040-00008375-00008639 or look at mexico which is using fintech
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00041-00008640-00008807 to move towards a more secure and
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00042-00008808-00008895 accessible
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00043-00008896-00009278 cash-free national payment system
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00044-00009279-00009471 and in ghana the central bank there has
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00045-00009472-00009631 prioritized mobile banking
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00046-00009632-00009814 as a way to reach populations without
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00047-00009815-00010167 access to physical bank branches
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00048-00010168-00010319 as more and more countries work to
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00049-00010320-00010487 improve financial inclusion
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00050-00010488-00010678 it becomes more important to understand
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00051-00010679-00010919 what financial inclusion really means
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00052-00010920-00011119 and why people can't get access to the
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00053-00011120-00011853 services they need
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00054-00011854-00012446 [Music]
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00055-00012447-00012663 join us for a series of conversations
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00056-00012664-00012983 around the future of central banking
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00057-00012984-00013294 with the imf the world bank seagap the
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00058-00013295-00013422 financial health network
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00059-00013423-00013936 and central bankers from around the
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00060-00013937-00014083 [Music]
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00061-00014084-00014257 world
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00062-00014258-00015511 [Music]
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00063-00015512-00015855 hello and welcome on behalf of the
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00064-00015856-00015999 university of michigan's
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00065-00016000-00016335 center on finance law and policy and our
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00066-00016336-00016550 co-hosts at the federal reserve bank of
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00067-00016551-00016711 san francisco
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00068-00016712-00016894 welcome to the second central bank of
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00069-00016895-00017079 the future conference
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00070-00017080-00017263 my name is michael barr and i am the
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00071-00017264-00017422 joan and samford wild dean
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00072-00017423-00017615 of the gerald r ford school of public
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00073-00017616-00017919 policy at the university of michigan
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00074-00017920-00018143 ellis well as the faculty director of
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00075-00018144-00018422 the center on finance law and policy
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00076-00018423-00018743 thank you for being here with us today
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00077-00018744-00018919 our theme for this year's conference is
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00078-00018920-00019063 building a financial system
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00079-00019064-00019367 for a more inclusive economy before i
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00080-00019368-00019567 get into the details of the conference
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00081-00019568-00019735 i want to provide you some context for
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00082-00019736-00019871 how this conference
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00083-00019872-00020047 fits into the larger central bank of the
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00084-00020048-00020239 future research project
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00085-00020240-00020463 my co-lead on this project professor of
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00086-00020464-00020630 practice adrian harris
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00087-00020631-00020799 of the university of michigan's ford
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00088-00020800-00020958 school of public policy and i
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00089-00020959-00021111 have been working on this project in
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00090-00021112-00021294 partnership with the bill and melinda
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00091-00021295-00021399 gates foundation
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00092-00021400-00021671 for about two years at the highest level
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00093-00021672-00021847 the goal of the research project
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00094-00021848-00022119 is for us to identify specific ways that
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00095-00022120-00022303 central banks could evolve to make our
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00096-00022304-00022535 economy work better for all of us
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00097-00022536-00022767 especially for the poor and most
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00098-00022768-00023063 marginalized in our societies
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00099-00023064-00023239 as we look at how central banks can
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00100-00023240-00023471 better foster financial inclusion
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00101-00023472-00023655 we define that as having access to
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00102-00023656-00023894 affordable safe financial services
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00103-00023895-00024183 and products that meet their needs
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00104-00024184-00024342 regardless of their gender
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00105-00024343-00024630 income socioeconomic status race ability
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00106-00024631-00024791 or nationality
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00107-00024792-00024950 the goal is for finance to serve
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00108-00024951-00025167 households businesses in the economy
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00109-00025168-00025494 for inclusive growth more specifically
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00110-00025495-00025694 we're examining some of the technologies
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00111-00025695-00025918 policies practices and programs
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00112-00025919-00026087 happening all around the world
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00113-00026088-00026414 that foster financial inclusion building
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00114-00026416-00026614 on research done by seagap the world
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00115-00026616-00026743 bank the imf
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00116-00026744-00027031 aspen the bis and dozens of financial
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00117-00027032-00027102 regulators
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00118-00027104-00027287 fintechs and think tanks from around the
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00119-00027288-00027527 world we're looking at innovations
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00120-00027527-00027702 in both developing and advanced
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00121-00027704-00027943 economies we're surveying financial
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00122-00027944-00028135 inclusion mandates where those exist to
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00123-00028136-00028270 look for patterns
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00124-00028272-00028495 we're conducting case studies throughout
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00125-00028495-00028623 this conference you'll hear about
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00126-00028624-00028758 initiatives undertaken
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00127-00028760-00029031 for example by the reserve bank of india
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00128-00029032-00029087 the
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00129-00029088-00029279 monetary authority of singapore the
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00130-00029280-00029407 people's bank of china
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00131-00029408-00029614 the central bank of kenya and so many
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00132-00029616-00029743 others
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00133-00029744-00029887 and for the last two years we've
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00134-00029888-00030070 convened small group discussions of
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00135-00030072-00030167 regulators
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00136-00030168-00030407 fintech leaders bankers policy makers
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00137-00030408-00030551 and other stakeholders
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00138-00030552-00030831 so that we can understand how new
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00139-00030832-00031014 technologies work and don't work to
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00140-00031016-00031255 fostering financial inclusion
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00141-00031256-00031511 from digital ids to mobile banking to
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00142-00031512-00031767 innovations and payments and beyond
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00143-00031768-00031951 what experiments are underway around the
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00144-00031952-00032255 world and what early results show
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00145-00032256-00032487 next we're looking at what's actionable
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00146-00032488-00032558 the project
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00147-00032560-00032751 explores the three traditional pillars
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00148-00032752-00032911 of the central bank mandate
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00149-00032912-00033111 setting monetary policy overseeing
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00150-00033112-00033271 financial institutions
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00151-00033272-00033446 and in most countries facilitating
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00152-00033447-00033583 payment systems
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00153-00033584-00033743 and we're asking whether those mandates
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00154-00033744-00033935 should be expanded or refined
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00155-00033936-00034127 to specifically include financial
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00156-00034128-00034262 inclusion
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00157-00034263-00034446 we're exploring how central banks can
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00158-00034447-00034639 make the economy work for everyone
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00159-00034640-00034862 by infusing financial inclusion into
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00160-00034863-00034967 their work
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00161-00034968-00035231 by facilitating real safe real-time
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00162-00035232-00035327 payments
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00163-00035328-00035502 altering the structure of how banks and
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00164-00035503-00035671 non-banks are regulated
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00165-00035672-00035902 investing in fintech solutions and
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00166-00035903-00036095 thinking inclusively when conducting
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00167-00036096-00036295 monetary policy
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00168-00036296-00036502 needless to say this is a wildly
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00169-00036503-00036662 ambitious project
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00170-00036663-00036830 particularly because there is no one
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00171-00036831-00036974 answer for what will work for all
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00172-00036975-00037183 central banks around the world
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00173-00037184-00037407 economic and political context matter is
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00174-00037408-00037527 a great deal
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00175-00037528-00037702 infrastructure the ability to create
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00176-00037703-00037895 infrastructure matters
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00177-00037896-00038102 individual countries culture and history
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00178-00038103-00038295 and traditions matter
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00179-00038296-00038471 increasingly the effects of climate
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00180-00038472-00038695 change matter in doing this work with
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00181-00038696-00038783 you we hope to
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00182-00038784-00038999 disrupt the current economic trajectory
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00183-00039000-00039118 of increasing
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00184-00039119-00039407 wealth and economic inequality and to
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00185-00039408-00039567 help the most marginalized in our
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00186-00039568-00039679 societies
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00187-00039680-00039855 by providing some path forward for
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00188-00039856-00039990 central banks to consider
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00189-00039991-00040390 how to advance economic inclusion
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00190-00040391-00040599 so what have we learned thus far
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00191-00040600-00040743 throughout the course of the project
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00192-00040744-00040799 we've learned
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00193-00040800-00040983 about new technologies being deployed
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00194-00040984-00041118 around the world
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00195-00041119-00041351 we find promise for example in emerging
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00196-00041352-00041518 identity verification
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00197-00041519-00041839 and aml kyc systems
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00198-00041840-00042030 we've seen a wide variety of innovative
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00199-00042031-00042246 advances in payment systems
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00200-00042247-00042451 open banking using apis and
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00201-00042452-00042590 interoperability
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00202-00042591-00042783 and mobile apps that permit seamless
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00203-00042784-00042983 integration of finance
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00204-00042984-00043127 we're exploring whether properly
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00205-00043128-00043295 designed digital currencies and
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00206-00043296-00043479 distributed ledger technology
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00207-00043480-00043639 could be deployed to help financial
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00208-00043640-00043862 inclusion and we're also studying
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00209-00043863-00044087 the risks from many of those such
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00210-00044088-00044230 approaches
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00211-00044231-00044367 we've learned that we can develop a
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00212-00044368-00044583 financial system with lower costs
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00213-00044584-00044751 increased functionality and better
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00214-00044752-00044887 access
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00215-00044888-00045135 we have relearned something we already
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00216-00045136-00045215 knew
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00217-00045216-00045374 which is that our financial system is
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00218-00045375-00045630 built on trust and that technology
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00219-00045631-00045958 is not a substitute for trust privacy
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00220-00045959-00046207 consent and strong consumer protections
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00221-00046208-00046423 are essential as well
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00222-00046424-00046599 we've also relearned the lesson through
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00223-00046600-00046790 the covet 19 pandemic
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00224-00046791-00047030 that the most disadvantaged among us
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00225-00047031-00047207 including low-income workers racial
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00226-00047208-00047311 minorities
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00227-00047312-00047567 mom and pop business owners who bear the
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00228-00047568-00047767 burden of a financial system
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00229-00047768-00048079 not well designed to serve them
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00230-00048080-00048330 for example in the u.s a
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00231-00048331-00048535 disproportionate number of the small
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00232-00048536-00048751 businesses that suffered the most
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00233-00048752-00048974 were minority-owned businesses that
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00234-00048975-00049174 couldn't get access to credit
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00235-00049175-00049390 that didn't have a pre-existing lending
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00236-00049391-00049630 relationship with a big bank
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00237-00049631-00049830 many households couldn't even receive
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00238-00049831-00050046 relief payments in a timely way
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00239-00050047-00050239 or even at all because they were
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00240-00050240-00050590 unbanked or had difficulties signing up
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00241-00050591-00050727 seeing the disproportionate
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00242-00050728-00050935 impact of this pandemic on those who can
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00243-00050936-00051062 least afford it
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00244-00051063-00051414 only makes our work all the more urgent
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00245-00051415-00051566 from planning this conference we're
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00246-00051567-00051726 reminded that something as simple as
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00247-00051727-00051926 time zones can be an impediment to good
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00248-00051927-00052142 communication across borders
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00249-00052144-00052350 here i must specifically thank the many
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00250-00052351-00052615 speakers who joined panel prep calls
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00251-00052616-00052847 or recorded or are conducting live
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00252-00052848-00052999 sessions for this event
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00253-00053000-00053191 early in the morning or late at night in
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00254-00053191-00053311 their own time zone
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00255-00053312-00053550 to make this work for all of you and all
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00256-00053551-00053615 of us
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00257-00053616-00053791 who are watching and participating in
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00258-00053791-00053982 this event
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00259-00053983-00054159 fortunately we have an outstanding
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00260-00054160-00054366 lineup of 45 speakers
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00261-00054367-00054599 over the course of the next three days
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00262-00054600-00054735 who will be appearing here on the
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00263-00054736-00054863 virtual stage
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00264-00054864-00055094 or leading interactive breakout sessions
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00265-00055095-00055247 in the engagement hub
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00266-00055248-00055487 to help offer new ideas that we can take
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00267-00055488-00055711 back to our own communities
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00268-00055712-00055903 you will hear about efforts undertaken
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00269-00055904-00056111 to mitigate the financial consequences
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00270-00056112-00056271 of covet 19
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00271-00056272-00056463 from governor patrick geroge of the
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00272-00056464-00056623 central bank of kenya
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00273-00056624-00056879 from deputy governor fernanda necchio
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00274-00056879-00057071 from the central bank of brazil
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00275-00057072-00057294 and from sir paul tucker of the systemic
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00276-00057295-00057391 risk council
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00277-00057391-00057663 formerly of the bank of england you will
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00278-00057664-00057871 hear from san francisco fed president
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00279-00057872-00057966 mary daley
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00280-00057967-00058279 and head of supervision tracy bassinger
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00281-00058279-00058535 about the san francisco fed's efforts to
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00282-00058536-00058694 increase financial inclusion
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00283-00058695-00059023 into their work daniel gorfin will offer
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00284-00059024-00059094 a primer
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00285-00059095-00059230 about how central bank digital
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00286-00059232-00059479 currencies work followed later by a deep
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00287-00059479-00059671 dive on central bank digital currencies
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00288-00059672-00059847 in a panel discussion
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00289-00059848-00060047 and a fascinating discussion of china's
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00290-00060048-00060182 new digital rmb
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00291-00060183-00060391 efforts with mu chiang chang of the
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00292-00060391-00060638 people's bank of china
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00293-00060639-00060919 many of our speakers have ideas for how
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00294-00060920-00060982 we might
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00295-00060983-00061215 better integrate technology into
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00296-00061216-00061335 regulation
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00297-00061336-00061663 and supervision and you will hear a lot
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00298-00061664-00061799 about data
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00299-00061800-00062159 how to better capture store organize
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00300-00062160-00062406 and disseminate it to safeguard consumer
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00301-00062407-00062494 rights
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00302-00062495-00062759 to offer credit to the smallest of a
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00303-00062760-00062887 small businesses
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00304-00062888-00063094 and to reach out to those who do not
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00305-00063095-00063254 have an internet connection
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00306-00063255-00063519 or government identification but still
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00307-00063520-00063735 need financial services
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00308-00063736-00063975 this includes a keynote address from her
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00309-00063976-00064054 accidentally
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00310-00064055-00064271 cheon suray of the national bank of
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00311-00064272-00064391 cambodia
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00312-00064391-00064679 that will discuss digital currency data
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00313-00064679-00064959 and cyber security
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00314-00064960-00065126 while i'm the one appearing before you
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00315-00065127-00065350 today the central bank of the future
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00316-00065351-00065423 project
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00317-00065424-00065615 has benefited from the efforts of many
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00318-00065616-00065735 people
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00319-00065736-00065926 first i would like to thank my partner
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00320-00065927-00066143 on this project adrian harris
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00321-00066144-00066447 a true leader in the field adrian and i
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00322-00066448-00066631 have benefited immensely from our
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00323-00066632-00066719 collaboration
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00324-00066720-00066991 with chris colabia and michael wiegand
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00325-00066992-00067271 of the bill and melinda gates foundation
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00326-00067272-00067447 the gates foundation has provided
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00327-00067448-00067663 financial support for the project
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00328-00067664-00067950 and more importantly chris in particular
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00329-00067951-00068126 and the whole team at gates
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00330-00068127-00068335 have approached this project as a true
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00331-00068336-00068438 partnership
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00332-00068439-00068623 acting as thought partners making
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00333-00068624-00068799 introductions and sharing
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00334-00068800-00069175 research and advice with us thank you
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00335-00069176-00069350 we have been aided in our work by a
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00336-00069351-00069543 small team of research assistants and
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00337-00069544-00069687 consultants from the university of
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00338-00069688-00069775 michigan's
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00339-00069776-00070031 center on finance law and policy who
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00340-00070032-00070175 have helped to refine our thinking
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00341-00070176-00070359 throughout this research project
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00342-00070360-00070511 and to commit some of our early
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00343-00070512-00070703 learnings to paper
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00344-00070704-00070991 let me also let me thank lev minand
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00345-00070992-00071103 patty cow
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00346-00071104-00071415 daniel gerstein rice mandira sarma
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00347-00071416-00071735 ryan bernard brian ricketts office on
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00348-00071736-00072143 osnilev emma mcfarlane karen thrasher
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00349-00072144-00072550 megan kelly will miser and jay campbell
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00350-00072551-00072735 we are also grateful to the guest
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00351-00072736-00072919 authors who have contributed to our
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00352-00072920-00073175 what if blog series which is posted on
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00353-00073176-00073343 our website
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00354-00073344-00073526 it takes a large team of people to put
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00355-00073527-00073711 together an event like this
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00356-00073712-00073894 we're tremendously grateful to the san
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00357-00073895-00074015 francisco fed
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00358-00074016-00074262 for their partnership with us over this
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00359-00074263-00074406 long last year
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00360-00074407-00074567 working to make sure all of this
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00361-00074568-00074806 happened i want to say a particular
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00362-00074807-00075031 thank you from the san francisco fed
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00363-00075032-00075335 to caitlin azro anna d'souza lionel
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00364-00075336-00075406 medino
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00365-00075407-00075791 and shelley luke from the university's
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00366-00075792-00075959 ford school of public policy
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00367-00075960-00076311 let me thank chris myers liz smith
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00368-00076312-00076638 um and kelly brown from the center on
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00369-00076639-00076775 finance law and policy
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00370-00076776-00077047 tracy van dusen christie baer and
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00371-00077048-00077326 research assistant ashton smith
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00372-00077327-00077503 ashton has been the technical producer
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00373-00077504-00077671 for the pre-recorded segments of this
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00374-00077672-00077750 conference
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00375-00077751-00077959 and all of the tech rehearsals and he's
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00376-00077960-00078126 behind the camera now
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00377-00078127-00078311 thank you all for this incredible
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00378-00078312-00078550 teamwork that it was required to make
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00379-00078551-00078687 this conference
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00380-00078688-00079023 possible we expect that our audience
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00381-00079024-00079119 today will include
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00382-00079120-00079343 central bankers from at least 22
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00383-00079344-00079455 countries
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00384-00079456-00079655 along with every u.s regional federal
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00385-00079656-00079759 reserve bank
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00386-00079760-00079967 and many other financial regulators from
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00387-00079968-00080271 the united states and all over the world
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00388-00080272-00080471 we'll also be joined by people for many
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00389-00080472-00080591 state and municipal government
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00390-00080592-00080687 organizations
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00391-00080688-00081038 fintechs banks think tanks law firms
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00392-00081039-00081206 and a wide variety of financial
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00393-00081207-00081343 institutions
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00394-00081344-00081511 and we have researchers and scholars
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00395-00081512-00081815 from universities all over the world
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00396-00081816-00082006 if you registered in advance you're
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00397-00082007-00082182 likely watching this from the engagement
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00398-00082183-00082255 hub
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00399-00082256-00082438 using the personalized link that was
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00400-00082439-00082582 emailed to you
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00401-00082583-00082718 please note that you will need to
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00402-00082719-00082926 re-enter your verification link
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00403-00082927-00083231 each day you can also use that same link
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00404-00083232-00083391 to attend one of the interactive
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00405-00083392-00083518 breakout sessions
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00406-00083519-00083726 that follow the live stream portion of
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00407-00083727-00083831 each day
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00408-00083832-00084159 and download speaker papers and videos
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00409-00084160-00084335 if you did not register in advance and
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00410-00084336-00084511 you're watching via youtube
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00411-00084512-00084726 welcome today's conference will be
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00412-00084727-00084950 streamed on youtube in its entirety
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00413-00084951-00085135 on the ford school of public policies
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00414-00085136-00085262 channel
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00415-00085263-00085438 tomorrow you will go to the same channel
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00416-00085439-00085662 to watch via separate link
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00417-00085663-00085894 the youtube links for all three days are
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00418-00085895-00086087 listed on the center on finance law and
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00419-00086088-00086531 policies website
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00420-00086532-00086815 financelawpolicy.umich.edu
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00421-00086816-00087038 now i'm delighted to introduce you to
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00422-00087039-00087271 our first keynote speaker
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00423-00087272-00087638 dr claire nelson of the futures forum
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00424-00087639-00087975 dr nelson is an engineer a storyteller
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00425-00087976-00088271 and a futurist she is the chief ideation
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00426-00088272-00088335 leader
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00427-00088336-00088582 of the futures forum a research and
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00428-00088583-00088726 education practice
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00429-00088727-00088950 specializing in bringing the power of
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00430-00088951-00089111 strategic forethought
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00431-00089112-00089287 and the discipline of sustainable
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00432-00089288-00089518 engineering to challenges facing
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00433-00089519-00089775 organizations and communities
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00434-00089776-00090006 named by forbes as one of the top 50
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00435-00090007-00090150 female futurists
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00436-00090151-00090335 she is editor at large of the world
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00437-00090336-00090543 futures studies federation's
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00438-00090544-00090879 human futures magazine
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00439-00090880-00091215 before establishing the futures forum
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00440-00091216-00091511 dr nelson held a variety of positions at
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00441-00091512-00091726 the inter-american development bank
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00442-00091727-00092079 over a distinguished 30-year career
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00443-00092080-00092262 originally from jamaica she holds a
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00444-00092263-00092406 bachelor and master's degree
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00445-00092407-00092575 in industrial engineering from
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00446-00092576-00092750 university of buffalo and purdue
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00447-00092751-00092823 university
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00448-00092824-00093094 respectively she received her doctorate
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00449-00093095-00093238 in engineering management
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00450-00093239-00093526 from the george washington university dr
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00451-00093527-00093591 nelson
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00452-00093592-00093774 has received numerous awards for her
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00453-00093775-00094031 leadership and in 2012
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00454-00094032-00094271 was honored by president obama as a
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00455-00094272-00094343 white house
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00456-00094344-00094679 champion of change i'm excited now to
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00457-00094680-00094791 turn this over
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00458-00094792-00095282 to dr claire nelson
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00459-00095283-00095662 oh pirates yesterday rabbi
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00460-00095663-00096038 sold i to the merchant ships
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00461-00096039-00096406 minutes after they took high
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00462-00096407-00096718 from the bottomless pit
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00463-00096719-00097159 but my hand was made strong
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00464-00097160-00097494 by the hands of the almighty
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00465-00097495-00098082 we forward in this generation
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00466-00098083-00098318 triumphantly
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00467-00098319-00098750 won't you have to sing
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00468-00098751-00099150 these songs of freedom for all i
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00469-00099151-00099806 ever heard redemption song
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00470-00099807-00100111 the immortal words of bob marley and
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00471-00100112-00100423 in that i expressed the idea first of
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00472-00100424-00100759 all that at some point in time we humans
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00473-00100760-00100950 were also considered
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00474-00100951-00101326 goods and chatter to be sold in this
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00475-00101327-00101647 business of making money money money
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00476-00101648-00101718 money money
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00477-00101719-00101991 what is it that makes money i truly
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00478-00101992-00102071 admit
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00479-00102072-00102326 that i am not a central banker you ever
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00480-00102327-00102471 heard my background
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00481-00102472-00102751 indeed i consider it a cosmic joke that
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00482-00102752-00102918 i should be asked to open this
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00483-00102919-00103039 conversation
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00484-00103040-00103327 but i am an advocate for development
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00485-00103328-00103415 equity
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00486-00103416-00103734 and therefore your topic about moving
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00487-00103735-00103894 the groove towards
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00488-00103895-00104151 creating financial inclusion and the
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00489-00104152-00104366 role of the central bank in that is near
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00490-00104367-00104542 and dear to my heart
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00491-00104543-00104966 imagine with me if you will 2030
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00492-00104967-00105295 and in that 2030 which is the u.n um
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00493-00105296-00105447 a year player for the sustained
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00494-00105448-00105710 government goals a headline could read
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00495-00105711-00105966 that smart cars collide with dumb
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00496-00105967-00106158 drivers in traffic snuffle
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00497-00106159-00106439 because the collidance avoidance system
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00498-00106440-00106639 has failed to prevent a pileup
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00499-00106640-00106895 because there's been a solar flare and a
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00500-00106896-00107047 glitch in the gps
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00501-00107048-00107310 which caused a cascading wink out of the
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00502-00107311-00107463 cars raiders
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00503-00107464-00107702 or perhaps you might imagine another
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00504-00107703-00107799 headline
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00505-00107800-00108031 in which the risk insurance facility for
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00506-00108032-00108183 small island states
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00507-00108183-00108375 declares that there's new standards for
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00508-00108376-00108543 financial accounting
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00509-00108544-00108766 because of the rising cost of insurance
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00510-00108767-00108847 globally
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00511-00108848-00109134 or into severe weather events the
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00512-00109135-00109310 international accounting
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00513-00109311-00109510 board and the international financial
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00514-00109511-00109727 reporting standard system
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00515-00109728-00109919 in partnership with allies for small
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00516-00109920-00110078 identities have created
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00517-00110079-00110319 new standards for small island
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00518-00110320-00110439 development states
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00519-00110440-00110683 with financial reporting for disaster
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00520-00110683-00110807 recovery
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00521-00110808-00111047 i started these two headlines to just
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00522-00111048-00111199 make note of the fact that
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00523-00111200-00111454 we have to begin to think about and i'm
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00524-00111455-00111639 glad you're gathering to think about
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00525-00111640-00112015 how might we explore a new future
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00526-00112016-00112366 for the central bank i must say that my
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00527-00112367-00112463 first
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00528-00112464-00112710 awareness of the central bank as a space
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00529-00112711-00112799 of power
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00530-00112800-00113078 was when i as a student at buffalo
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00531-00113079-00113183 university
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00532-00113183-00113478 experienced the first jamaican dollar
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00533-00113479-00113566 devaluation
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00534-00113567-00113886 back in the early 1980s you see
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00535-00113888-00114110 back in the day when jamaica still was
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00536-00114111-00114239 indexed at a pound
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00537-00114240-00114607 we had strong money right and that money
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00538-00114608-00114910 enabled us to borrow money almost on par
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00539-00114911-00115166 with the us dollar so i left jamaica to
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00540-00115167-00115254 come to college
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00541-00115255-00115463 with four thousand dollars jamaican
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00542-00115464-00115566 equal to
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00543-00115567-00115758 almost four thousand or four point two
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00544-00115759-00116023 thousand dollars u.s pounds
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00545-00116024-00116215 and was confident that for the next
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00546-00116216-00116447 three years i'll be able to go to school
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00547-00116448-00116671 lo and behold in my third second year
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00548-00116672-00116847 which is my actual junior year
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00549-00116848-00117127 arrive to school go to this to um go to
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00550-00117128-00117207 the financial
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00551-00117208-00117423 office and i'm told but you don't have
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00552-00117424-00117583 enough money to come to school
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00553-00117583-00117799 i'm like what but four thousand dollars
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00554-00117800-00117990 was supposed to be sent he says
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00555-00117991-00118271 yes well we all want to receive 2 000 um
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00556-00118272-00118447 something dollars
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00557-00118448-00118783 my world came crashing down i
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00558-00118783-00119134 knew what then what people
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00559-00119135-00119319 in jamaica and other countries around
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00560-00119320-00119478 the world face
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00561-00119479-00119775 day to day that what a dollar could buy
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00562-00119776-00119878 yesterday
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00563-00119879-00120223 it could not buy today as i sat there
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00564-00120224-00120647 hurt angry distressed bewildered
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00565-00120648-00120814 wondering what i would do to pay my
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00566-00120815-00120951 school fees i
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00567-00120952-00121223 call that to memory simply because i
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00568-00121224-00121278 want
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00569-00121279-00121502 to begin this conversation with the
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00570-00121503-00121647 knowingness and with you
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00571-00121648-00121919 understanding the pain that the average
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00572-00121920-00122127 person in the developing country feels
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00573-00122128-00122447 whenever our dollar is devalued
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00574-00122448-00122719 so why are we here we're here because we
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00575-00122720-00122799 want to gain
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00576-00122800-00123110 more clarity as to how it is central
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00577-00123111-00123166 banks
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00578-00123167-00123399 might might help to create a more
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00579-00123400-00123614 flourishing future
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00580-00123615-00123831 we're here to move away from our
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00581-00123832-00124031 assigned purge of superiority if you
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00582-00124032-00124078 will
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00583-00124079-00124399 in this next 72 hours this idea of
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00584-00124400-00124495 certainty
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00585-00124496-00124719 and the centrality of the current
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00586-00124720-00124823 standards
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00587-00124824-00125063 and look at how we might move to the
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00588-00125064-00125263 fringes to explore what could be
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00589-00125264-00125366 different
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00590-00125367-00125566 so that we might begin to tell a new
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00591-00125567-00125847 story we need to tell a new story
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00592-00125848-00126078 because as we look at where we have
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00593-00126079-00126263 become because of coving
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00594-00126264-00126534 in this volatile uncertain complex
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00595-00126535-00126671 ambiguous world
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00596-00126672-00126895 we look at the future and we recognize
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00597-00126896-00127007 that there's time
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00598-00127008-00127319 for a reset we're being called to make a
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00599-00127320-00127390 reset
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00600-00127391-00127727 we're being called to tell a new story
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00601-00127728-00128031 um and to craft that story together so
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00602-00128032-00128143 how might we
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00603-00128144-00128471 recreate this story we are in the fourth
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00604-00128472-00128575 industrial
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00605-00128576-00128783 revolution i don't have much time to go
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00606-00128783-00129023 over that but we all know we're in the
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00607-00129024-00129286 fourth industrial revolution and this
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00608-00129288-00129390 fusion of
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00609-00129391-00129639 ai and robotics and internet of things
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00610-00129640-00129854 and 3d printing and genetic engineering
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00611-00129855-00130007 and quantum computing
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00612-00130008-00130319 big data machine learning we're actually
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00613-00130320-00130527 now even more so because of the fact
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00614-00130528-00130678 that we're having this conference
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00615-00130679-00130902 probably for the first time or virtually
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00616-00130903-00131102 in a state of future shock
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00617-00131103-00131407 the future is now we are here
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00618-00131408-00131766 so are you ready are the institutions
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00619-00131767-00131807 that
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00620-00131808-00132199 govern our global uh human security
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00621-00132200-00132327 architecture
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00622-00132328-00132639 ready because the more thought about it
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00623-00132640-00132911 is i recognize oh my god we cannot do
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00624-00132912-00133023 anything about the sustainable
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00625-00133024-00133135 government goals
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00626-00133136-00133295 if the central banks are not at the
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00627-00133296-00133511 table everything you
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00628-00133512-00133839 do every move you make
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00629-00133840-00134143 makes a difference on every other goal
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00630-00134144-00134375 you talk about sustainable goal 16 and
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00631-00134376-00134454 partnerships
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00632-00134455-00134735 you are there clearly a lot of your
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00633-00134736-00134823 focus has been
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00634-00134824-00135071 one on financial inclusion but beyond
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00635-00135072-00135239 that we cannot separate financial
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00636-00135240-00135319 inclusion
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00637-00135320-00135527 from issues of poverty and access to
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00638-00135528-00135743 food and access to education
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00639-00135744-00136047 and access to water wherever it is
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00640-00136048-00136351 money is you are like the air we breathe
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00641-00136352-00136687 you govern what we do you govern what we
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00642-00136688-00136871 experience and this is the first thing
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00643-00136872-00137031 that i want to make sure the great
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00644-00137032-00137214 challenge of our time
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00645-00137215-00137447 is to ensure that we create these
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00646-00137448-00137711 financial systems and economies
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00647-00137712-00137911 that accommodate the demands of
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00648-00137912-00138223 resources while maintaining a living
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00649-00138224-00138519 planetary ecosystem and a safe just
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00650-00138520-00138743 space of humanity
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00651-00138744-00139166 a planetary planetary ecosystem
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00652-00139167-00139495 and i say that because i have asked
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00653-00139496-00139783 economists at my institution idb
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00654-00139784-00139927 questions like
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00655-00139928-00140199 how is it that we're using the same
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00656-00140200-00140327 theories
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00657-00140328-00140614 when in fact the systems of change and
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00658-00140615-00140751 economics of
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00659-00140752-00141102 our forefathers no longer hold why is it
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00660-00141103-00141351 we're using these same things
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00661-00141352-00141535 and they said they laughed me off quite
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00662-00141536-00141799 frankly oh the rules were still hold
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00663-00141800-00142143 i don't know how that is but i am saying
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00664-00142144-00142414 that the fourth industrial revolution
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00665-00142415-00142519 with its
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00666-00142520-00142823 quantum computing means that we have to
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00667-00142824-00142919 think about
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00668-00142920-00143239 new ways of recognizing peril and risk
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00669-00143240-00143535 there are going to be new needs for new
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00670-00143536-00143623 plans for
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00671-00143624-00143919 regulations that ensure our security
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00672-00143920-00144095 regulations that ensure that
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00673-00144096-00144311 increasing underemployment because of
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00674-00144312-00144526 the move to air and robotics
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00675-00144527-00144766 don't create greater distance between
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00676-00144767-00144926 the house and the have-nots
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00677-00144927-00145239 and therefore create more security and
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00678-00145240-00145414 human security risk
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00679-00145415-00145743 i like to use my concept of human
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00680-00145744-00145854 security
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00681-00145855-00146071 based on the idea of saying that says
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00682-00146072-00146311 development is freedom
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00683-00146312-00146654 freedom from fear and freedom from want
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00684-00146655-00147023 unfortunately most of the world's people
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00685-00147024-00147366 do not yet experience that freedom
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00686-00147367-00147551 when we think about the post-covet
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00687-00147552-00147751 evolution of the workplace
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00688-00147752-00147983 we recognize that remote work for those
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00689-00147984-00148111 of us who are privileged
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00690-00148112-00148311 to work with quote-unquote good desk
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00691-00148312-00148647 jobs um will become more common and
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00692-00148648-00148911 robots and automation will even begin to
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00693-00148912-00148983 take away
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00694-00148984-00149183 some of the low-end jobs in countries in
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00695-00149184-00149343 europe and
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00696-00149344-00149575 and in the us and canada as we look
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00697-00149576-00149799 towards more social distancing
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00698-00149800-00149990 and creating more jobs for robots to do
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00699-00149991-00150135 the unsafe work
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00700-00150136-00150478 the unclean work right what then becomes
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00701-00150479-00150687 to those at the bottom of the pyramid
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00702-00150688-00150871 that they are now considered essential
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00703-00150872-00151143 workers what choices will we make
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00704-00151144-00151343 as governments and advisors the
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00705-00151344-00151526 governments which central bank people
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00706-00151527-00151759 often are i don't think the average
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00707-00151760-00151935 person in most countries recognize
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00708-00151936-00152166 the power of the central bank so it's
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00709-00152167-00152319 always on the mp
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00710-00152320-00152583 the minister of finance when in fact
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00711-00152584-00152687 many times
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00712-00152688-00152847 the hands of the minister of finance are
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00713-00152848-00153087 tied not just by the central bank
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00714-00153088-00153295 but in fact the central bank of many
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00715-00153296-00153423 countries are tied
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00716-00153424-00153711 by the central bank of central banks so
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00717-00153712-00153871 perhaps my conversation
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00718-00153872-00154047 is not just to those of you who might be
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00719-00154048-00154254 listening who are central bankers
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00720-00154255-00154471 in developing countries world or even
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00721-00154472-00154639 people in the federal reserve banks of
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00722-00154640-00154775 the united states of america
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00723-00154776-00155007 at the state level where some states
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00724-00155008-00155119 still exhibit
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00725-00155120-00155463 the poverty rates because of inequality
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00726-00155464-00155783 equal to those in developing countries
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00727-00155784-00156014 think about this in the central bank of
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00728-00156015-00156111 central banks
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00729-00156112-00156351 where i am in washington dc a lot of
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00730-00156352-00156487 rules are made
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00731-00156488-00156759 that do not i believe take into account
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00732-00156760-00156911 the pain and suffering
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00733-00156912-00157366 of people who feel the day-to-day um
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00734-00157367-00157790 impact of the continual uh devaluation
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00735-00157791-00158047 yes jamaica has been doing well and we
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00736-00158048-00158143 have held
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00737-00158144-00158390 our our interest rate and our inflation
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00738-00158391-00158447 rate
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00739-00158448-00158759 to whatever is required by the imf
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00740-00158760-00159023 but what about the ability to put a
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00741-00159024-00159199 chicken in every pot
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00742-00159200-00159502 my god where are we why are we using
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00743-00159503-00159663 equations that no longer
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00744-00159664-00159895 that do not measure well-being and do
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00745-00159896-00160023 not take into account
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00746-00160024-00160247 the fact that there's no social system
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00747-00160248-00160454 and so people remain on the fringes
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00748-00160455-00160807 and the margins of hunger so here we are
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00749-00160808-00161071 in this post-covert world the volatile
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00750-00161072-00161199 uncertain complex
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00751-00161200-00161607 ambiguous world the virus unhinged
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00752-00161608-00161983 complex um anagram if you will
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00753-00161984-00162295 analog world unhinged
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00754-00162296-00162663 by the covademic are we ready now to
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00755-00162664-00162759 accept
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00756-00162760-00162999 that the volatility is the new normal i
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00757-00163000-00163143 hope we are
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00758-00163144-00163431 are we as central bankers structured to
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00759-00163432-00163487 deal
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00760-00163488-00163807 with this new world reality
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00761-00163808-00164078 do you understand what will be expected
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00762-00164079-00164214 of your industry
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00763-00164215-00164454 ten years from now forget ten years ago
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00764-00164455-00164663 five years from now
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00765-00164664-00164847 do you understand and have you thought
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00766-00164848-00165078 about what new partnerships
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00767-00165079-00165335 do you need to make in order to mitigate
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00768-00165336-00165399 against
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00769-00165400-00165607 the increase in risks and to bear
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00770-00165608-00165807 resistance
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00771-00165808-00166014 we know what the megatrends are we've
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00772-00166015-00166199 talked about them the flow to global
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00773-00166200-00166359 accelerating technology
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00774-00166360-00166583 acceleration connectedness in the future
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00775-00166584-00166711 we're talking about
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00776-00166712-00166926 a smartphone in every hand the
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00777-00166927-00167119 smartphone which is more powerful
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00778-00167120-00167414 than this than the computers that put
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00779-00167415-00167471 the man
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00780-00167472-00167687 on the moon so internet surgery we're
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00781-00167688-00167807 talking about
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00782-00167808-00168063 probably the average person owning 15
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00783-00168064-00168223 connected devices
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00784-00168224-00168519 this is the world in which you are now
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00785-00168520-00168623 operating as
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00786-00168624-00168887 partly baker putting in the ingredients
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00787-00168888-00169063 we're talking about moving from the
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00788-00169064-00169383 era of big data of the zettabyte
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00789-00169384-00169599 the zeta zone and people are saying that
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00790-00169600-00169743 this zone is being
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00791-00169744-00169959 moving even faster into the user zone
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00792-00169960-00170102 we're talking about
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00793-00170103-00170463 10 to the 24 zeros amount of data
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00794-00170464-00170647 and this is the one in which we want to
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00795-00170648-00170831 create a safe
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00796-00170832-00171183 just space for all a future of
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00797-00171184-00171559 well-being a sustainable economy a moral
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00798-00171560-00171863 economy a more prosperous economy a more
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00799-00171864-00171999 equal economy
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00800-00172000-00172375 and a more cohesive society it all comes
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00801-00172376-00172399 down
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00802-00172400-00172654 to what we believe do we believe the
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00803-00172655-00172735 literally
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00804-00172736-00173063 that what has been should continue to be
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00805-00173064-00173359 i i would hope not do we understand that
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00806-00173360-00173511 we have an opportunity now
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00807-00173512-00173759 to rethink the systems the systems that
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00808-00173760-00173966 have created the inequality in the first
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00809-00173967-00174014 place
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00810-00174015-00174223 the system that made it that somebody
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00811-00174224-00174399 that looked like me could have been
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00812-00174400-00174695 enslaved 400 years ago the system that
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00813-00174696-00174783 retains
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00814-00174784-00175119 the rules and algorithms and equations
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00815-00175120-00175390 that no longer hold in a quantum
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00816-00175391-00175478 mechanic
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00817-00175479-00175783 universe the illness of the future the
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00818-00175784-00175951 industries of the future
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00819-00175952-00176278 biofactories electric cars smart cities
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00820-00176279-00176519 give us room to rethink if these
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00821-00176520-00176702 equations that we've been using really
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00822-00176703-00176759 matter
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00823-00176760-00176999 give us room to rethink are we measuring
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00824-00177000-00177087 actually
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00825-00177088-00177375 the impact of waste in our society don't
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00826-00177376-00177543 do our equations that
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00827-00177544-00177807 determine the financial models and
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00828-00177808-00177975 algorithms that drive
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00829-00177976-00178319 interest rate setting also
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00830-00178320-00178654 measure what really matters
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00831-00178655-00178911 my vision is that we all move towards a
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00832-00178912-00178966 smart
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00833-00178967-00179247 future and i'm using the word smart with
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00834-00179248-00179478 great liberation because we all carry a
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00835-00179479-00179583 smartphone
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00836-00179584-00179783 so if we can only move towards a smart
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00837-00179784-00179919 future meaning that
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00838-00179920-00180271 we have asked the question how might we
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00839-00180272-00180535 create sustainable systems how are we
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00840-00180536-00180735 recognized as leaders
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00841-00180736-00180990 that we are dealing with complex system
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00842-00180991-00181078 of systems
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00843-00181079-00181311 and begin to become better system
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00844-00181312-00181407 thinkers
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00845-00181408-00181719 turn off the norm of the economist being
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00846-00181720-00181935 separate from society and holding
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00847-00181936-00182047 themselves apart
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00848-00182048-00182366 and put yourself a moment into the shoes
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00849-00182367-00182583 into the feeling of a mother who is
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00850-00182584-00182751 getting below a minimum wage
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00851-00182752-00183143 and has to take care of children
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00852-00183144-00183463 how can we create moral metrics
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00853-00183464-00183719 metrics that have meaning that matter
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00854-00183720-00183823 how can we
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00855-00183824-00184166 create a agility adaptability and
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00856-00184167-00184271 anticipatory
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00857-00184272-00184543 agency how can we create robust
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00858-00184544-00184687 resilience
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00859-00184688-00184911 how can we create and move towards
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00860-00184912-00185166 transformative use of technology
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00861-00185167-00185495 as i wrap up let me say that we have to
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00862-00185496-00185623 see yourself
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00863-00185624-00185871 as central bankers as mined in the
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00864-00185872-00186102 development effectiveness gap
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00865-00186103-00186311 the future of central banking will have
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00866-00186312-00186431 more complexity
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00867-00186432-00186647 we'll have more regulations but we'll
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00868-00186648-00186887 need more individual differentiation
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00869-00186888-00187150 we must ensure that we pay attention to
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00870-00187151-00187350 the emerging problem space
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00871-00187351-00187550 and it meets the technological
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00872-00187551-00187750 effectiveness of the emerging
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00873-00187751-00188071 set up solution space i'd like to close
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00874-00188072-00188183 by saying
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00875-00188184-00188519 bob marley's sung one love
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00876-00188520-00188950 one heart became the world's anthem
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00877-00188951-00189350 because it is the call towards a new
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00878-00189351-00189438 thinking
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00879-00189439-00189766 and i like to say a love capital that
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00880-00189767-00190014 allows us to create a future of
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00881-00190015-00190126 well-being from
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00882-00190127-00190431 all a flourishing future i
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00883-00190432-00190735 invite you then to believe
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00884-00190736-00191071 and vision and know that
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00885-00191072-00191495 you can and you must as central bankers
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00886-00191496-00191831 be a part of co-creating the flourishing
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00887-00191832-00192143 futures we want remember
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00888-00192144-00192399 the future is embedded in the landscape
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00889-00192400-00192535 of the present
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00890-00192536-00192895 and the future favors the bold so go out
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00891-00192896-00193143 and seize the day and face the future
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00892-00193144-00193363 with faith
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00893-00193364-00193735 love one heart
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00894-00193736-00194150 let's get together and
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00895-00194151-00194495 be all right
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00896-00194496-00194807 one love i wish you blessings
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00897-00194808-00195102 as you begin your journey to creating
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00898-00195103-00195199 the future
+UJDHlpsqQZk-00899-00195200-00195544 we want
+UKuF5LiNu9A-00000-00000000-00000359 [Music]
+UKuF5LiNu9A-00001-00000360-00001868 it's been damning for sure
+UKuF5LiNu9A-00002-00001869-00002638 [Music]
+UKuF5LiNu9A-00003-00002639-00003015 [Music]
+UKuF5LiNu9A-00004-00003016-00004429 purchase your tracks today
+UKuF5LiNu9A-00005-00004430-00006095 [Music]
+UKuF5LiNu9A-00006-00006096-00007513 purchase your tracks today
+UKuF5LiNu9A-00007-00007514-00009014 [Music]
+UKuF5LiNu9A-00008-00009015-00010272 purchase your tracks today
+UKuF5LiNu9A-00009-00010273-00012014 [Music]
+UKuF5LiNu9A-00010-00012015-00012877 purchase your tracks today
+UKuF5LiNu9A-00011-00012878-00015015 [Music]
+UKuF5LiNu9A-00012-00015016-00015986 purchase your tracks today
+UKuF5LiNu9A-00013-00015987-00016761 [Music]
+UKuF5LiNu9A-00014-00016762-00018014 [Music]
+UKuF5LiNu9A-00015-00018015-00018712 purchase your tracks today
+UKuF5LiNu9A-00016-00018713-00021383 [Music]
+UKuF5LiNu9A-00017-00021384-00021592 you
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00000-00000056-00000351 we're delighted to welcome you
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00001-00000352-00000734 uh to the launch of our report
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00002-00000735-00001062 about the debt crisis
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00003-00001063-00001327 uh which is actually looming for much of
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00004-00001328-00001454 the developing
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00005-00001455-00001791 world it has been a little bit bailed by
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00006-00001792-00002023 the partial return of private capital
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00007-00002023-00002126 flows to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00008-00002127-00002302 both middle-income countries and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00009-00002303-00002495 low-income countries
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00010-00002496-00002783 but given all the shocks that are
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00011-00002784-00002863 prevailing
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00012-00002864-00003087 in the international system starting
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00013-00003088-00003191 from covey
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00014-00003192-00003438 but also the risk of an increase in u.s
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00015-00003439-00003559 interest rates
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00016-00003560-00003903 it is clear that this debt crisis
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00017-00003904-00004135 is going to be very important and will
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00018-00004136-00004438 return even with greater strength
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00019-00004439-00004727 currently many developing and emerging
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00020-00004728-00004935 countries have very high levels of debt
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00021-00004936-00005054 service
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00022-00005055-00005367 which is the reducing their ability
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00023-00005368-00005599 to fight covet from the health
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00024-00005600-00005686 perspective
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00025-00005687-00006102 and to save jobs and companies
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00026-00006103-00006399 is making it more difficult for them to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00027-00006400-00006542 sustain a recovery
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00028-00006543-00006839 postcode and particularly the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00029-00006840-00007095 transformation of economies
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00030-00007095-00007398 to a green structure
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00031-00007400-00007687 which would be help avoid a climate
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00032-00007688-00007831 emergency
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00033-00007831-00008095 and what we find in this report is that
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00034-00008095-00008214 the g20
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00035-00008215-00008519 common framework though important step
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00036-00008520-00008767 is clearly insufficient and we're very
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00037-00008768-00008903 encouraged that the heads of the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00038-00008904-00009087 international monetary fund and the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00039-00009088-00009223 world bank
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00040-00009224-00009399 have announced they will develop a
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00041-00009400-00009535 scheme for
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00042-00009536-00009855 linking debt relief with green resilient
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00043-00009856-00010119 and inclusive development and we would
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00044-00010120-00010238 like to believe
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00045-00010239-00010551 that our report is an attempt to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00046-00010552-00010742 providing a blueprint
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00047-00010743-00011135 for achieving this and and so i think
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00048-00011136-00011414 it's very important to stress as we do
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00049-00011415-00011567 in our report
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00050-00011568-00011870 that debt relief has to be comprehensive
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00051-00011871-00012070 for all the lower income and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00052-00012071-00012255 middle-income countries that need it
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00053-00012256-00012438 where that is unsustainable
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00054-00012439-00012703 and that it has to be comprehensive in
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00055-00012704-00012807 the fact that
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00056-00012808-00012983 we have to have equivalent debt
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00057-00012984-00013158 reduction both from private
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00058-00013159-00013391 and public creditors and we have a sort
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00059-00013391-00013607 of innovative proposal
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00060-00013608-00014022 uh to have credit enhancement or credit
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00061-00014023-00014279 guarantees equivalent to how it was done
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00062-00014280-00014599 in the brady plan in 1989
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00063-00014600-00014911 at the initiative of the us government
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00064-00014912-00015238 so to present this report and i will
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00065-00015240-00015343 first have
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00066-00015344-00015663 two very distinguished speakers um
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00067-00015663-00015983 first shamshad akkar
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00068-00015984-00016230 who has such a distinguished career that
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00069-00016231-00016366 it would take me very long
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00070-00016368-00016694 to introduce her
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00071-00016695-00017015 properly she's had a very
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00072-00017016-00017343 senior career in the united nations
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00073-00017344-00017567 but perhaps most importantly she has
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00074-00017568-00017671 been both
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00075-00017672-00017983 finance minister and a central bank
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00076-00017984-00018063 governor
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00077-00018064-00018367 in her own country pakistan
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00078-00018368-00018750 and then uli waltz will speak who is
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00079-00018751-00018919 the director of the center for
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00080-00018920-00019135 sustainable finance at sawas
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00081-00019136-00019391 london university and was also senior
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00082-00019392-00019447 research
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00083-00019448-00019767 fellow at the german institute for
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00084-00019768-00019935 economic development
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00085-00019936-00020263 so and then we will have three very very
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00086-00020264-00020350 distinguished
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00087-00020351-00020758 keynote speakers uh jose antonio campo
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00088-00020759-00021063 alicia varsina and lui
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00089-00021064-00021327 i will introduce later but some it's
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00090-00021328-00021486 something to look forward to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00091-00021487-00021775 their presentations as well so shamshad
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00092-00021776-00022350 please
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00093-00022351-00022614 thank you stephanie um and good
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00094-00022615-00022791 afternoon good night good morning to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00095-00022792-00022886 everybody
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00096-00022887-00023207 wherever we are all uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00097-00023208-00023463 first of all as stephanie has pointed
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00098-00023464-00023519 out
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00099-00023520-00024007 a debt crisis is looming g20 has made a
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00100-00024008-00024167 few announcements
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00101-00024168-00024486 but the debt deals fall short
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00102-00024487-00024791 on several counts
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00103-00024792-00025007 it is really in this perspective that in
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00104-00025008-00025214 november 2020
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00105-00025215-00025511 our colleagues together joined hands to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00106-00025512-00025599 put forward
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00107-00025600-00025846 a proposal for debt relief for a green
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00108-00025847-00025983 and inclusive
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00109-00025983-00026374 recovery besides low-income countries
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00110-00026375-00026695 it was proposed to extend debt relief
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00111-00026695-00026870 to middle-income countries that have
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00112-00026872-00027214 been hit hard by the pandemic
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00113-00027216-00027527 we advocated linking funds released from
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00114-00027527-00027695 debt restructuring
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00115-00027695-00028031 to build resilience and a commitment by
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00116-00028032-00028343 creditors and debtors to deploy fiscal
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00117-00028344-00028423 space
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00118-00028424-00028711 with globally agreed climate and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00119-00028712-00028983 developmental goals
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00120-00028983-00029302 now in front of you is a new report
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00121-00029304-00029695 we developed this proposal further
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00122-00029695-00029990 as the g20 common framework for debt
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00123-00029991-00030102 treatment
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00124-00030103-00030439 still excludes middle-income countries
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00125-00030439-00030743 despite their debt vulnerabilities
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00126-00030744-00031062 our concern is that we need a more
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00127-00031063-00031502 comprehensive solution or resolution
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00128-00031503-00031758 this is not only evident from the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00129-00031760-00031823 highest
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00130-00031824-00032158 debt stocks but from
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00131-00032160-00032502 these countries growing demand to secure
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00132-00032503-00032815 need new debt for the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00133-00032816-00033167 recurrent as well as investment
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00134-00033168-00033479 requirements the g20
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00135-00033480-00033807 deal still lacks incentives for
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00136-00033808-00034046 meaningful participation by the private
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00137-00034047-00034143 sector
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00138-00034144-00034367 despite some of the resolutions that
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00139-00034368-00034567 have emerged
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00140-00034568-00034902 also the green the g20
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00141-00034903-00035207 deal is not linked to a
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00142-00035208-00035527 explicitly to a green and inclusive
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00143-00035528-00035623 recovery
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00144-00035624-00035951 despite the multilateral scores that
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00145-00035952-00036295 countries need to push for a green
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00146-00036296-00036671 and climate friendly investment moving
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00147-00036672-00036855 forward
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00148-00036856-00037071 so for us questioning the impact of
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00149-00037072-00037174 pandemic
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00150-00037175-00037343 on developing and middle-income
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00151-00037344-00037535 countries remains
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00152-00037536-00037871 a challenge while advanced countries
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00153-00037872-00038199 are rebounded by 2024
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00154-00038200-00038511 output from emerging countries
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00155-00038512-00038990 will be 8 below the pre-pandemic levels
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00156-00038991-00039327 and we already know that
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00157-00039328-00039639 the resolution of the debt crisis
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00158-00039640-00039879 will be difficult with the existing
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00159-00039880-00040007 multilateral debt
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00160-00040008-00040423 framework so resolution of debt crisis
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00161-00040424-00040718 in a balanced sustainable and just
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00162-00040719-00040807 manner
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00163-00040808-00041030 will be key to arrest the different
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00164-00041031-00041190 drift in the global
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00165-00041191-00041518 inequalities and also in terms of the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00166-00041519-00041743 financial stability because of the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00167-00041744-00041839 growing
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00168-00041840-00042199 role of these countries developing
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00169-00042200-00042439 and middle-income countries growth is
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00170-00042440-00042623 critical
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00171-00042624-00042839 for these countries to settle their
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00172-00042840-00042927 repayments
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00173-00042928-00043246 of old and emerging new debt
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00174-00043247-00043551 which is being secured at a time when
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00175-00043552-00043911 revenues continue to be low and the fx
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00176-00043912-00044095 positions are quite
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00177-00044096-00044455 vulnerable so this the formal report and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00178-00044456-00044583 the new report
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00179-00044584-00044883 is all about how to tackle the debt
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00180-00044884-00044999 crisis
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00181-00045000-00045223 in a way that countries have really
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00182-00045224-00045415 genuine physical space
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00183-00045416-00045727 for a larger sustainable crisis
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00184-00045728-00046055 response that feeds into the cop
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00185-00046056-00046446 26 agenda and sdg agenda
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00186-00046447-00046807 with this these opening remarks let me
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00187-00046808-00047079 just present the outline which is really
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00188-00047080-00047174 in front of you
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00189-00047175-00047471 already which talks about the calm
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00190-00047472-00047711 before the storm
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00191-00047712-00048015 debt sustainability analysis creating
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00192-00048016-00048215 incentives for private sector
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00193-00048216-00048335 participation
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00194-00048336-00048543 and how to link the debt relief to a
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00195-00048544-00048790 green and inclusive recovery
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00196-00048791-00049183 and of course presenting the way
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00197-00049184-00049551 let me now turn to the calm before the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00198-00049552-00049695 storm
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00199-00049696-00050015 as has already been pointed out
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00200-00050016-00050374 very well by um stephanie
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00201-00050375-00051102 that since the we may have this
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00202-00051103-00051414 right now a calm in both the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00203-00051415-00051742 economic as well as financial front
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00204-00051744-00052054 but the since the height of the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00205-00052055-00052246 financial market turmoil
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00206-00052247-00052430 and large-scale withdrawal of
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00207-00052432-00052607 international capital
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00208-00052608-00052935 from developing and emerging economies
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00209-00052936-00053303 at the outbreak of covet 19 crisis
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00210-00053304-00053615 markets undoubtedly have stabilized
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00211-00053616-00053942 but when you go into the details of the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00212-00053944-00054015 country's
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00213-00054016-00054303 economic situation there are multiple
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00214-00054304-00054599 vulnerabilities
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00215-00054600-00054982 part of the concealment also arises
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00216-00054983-00055287 from the rise in the commodity prices
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00217-00055288-00055494 and more favorable bond market
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00218-00055495-00055630 conditions
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00219-00055632-00055894 which seem to be providing temporary
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00220-00055895-00055982 debt relief
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00221-00055983-00056287 to secure new debt
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00222-00056288-00056647 yet all this is masking the deeper
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00223-00056648-00056871 underlying fact that many developing and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00224-00056872-00057023 emerging markets
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00225-00057024-00057294 will be hamstrung in their attempts to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00226-00057295-00057391 mobilize
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00227-00057391-00057703 the resources necessary for a green and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00228-00057704-00057863 inclusive recovery
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00229-00057864-00058142 that puts back on track to meet their
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00230-00058144-00058223 climate
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00231-00058224-00058638 and developing development goals
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00232-00058639-00059023 the soothing calm and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00233-00059024-00059350 palpable enthusiasm in debt markets
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00234-00059351-00059679 is very deceptive none of the problems
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00235-00059679-00059815 of the debt overhangs
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00236-00059816-00060175 in poorer countries have been resolved
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00237-00060176-00060447 risk continued to loom large and for
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00238-00060448-00060575 some countries
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00239-00060576-00060942 a new round of debt issuance may further
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00240-00060944-00061287 undermine debt sustainability a topic we
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00241-00061288-00061591 will cover more exhaustively
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00242-00061591-00061887 the imf is concerned that recovery in
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00243-00061888-00062038 advanced countries
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00244-00062039-00062326 may lead to overheating and subsequent
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00245-00062327-00062535 interest rates high
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00246-00062536-00062815 that could trigger capital outflows and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00247-00062816-00063023 exchange rate depreciations
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00248-00063024-00063287 that could balloon already concerning
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00249-00063288-00063471 levels of external debt
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00250-00063472-00063791 across the developing countries indeed
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00251-00063791-00063854 the u.s
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00252-00063855-00064159 interest rate rise could spell
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00253-00064160-00064415 heavily for developed developing and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00254-00064416-00064630 emerging markets not
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00255-00064632-00064863 to mention what is happening in the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00256-00064864-00064991 developing countries
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00257-00064991-00065326 already where they because of the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00258-00065327-00065494 inflationary trends
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00259-00065495-00065750 need to adjust upwards their interest
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00260-00065751-00065815 rates
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00261-00065816-00066119 which will make it doubly difficult for
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00262-00066120-00066199 them
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00263-00066200-00066615 to secure even the domestic debt
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00264-00066616-00066894 with this let me point to just the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00265-00066895-00067119 example of one continent
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00266-00067120-00067567 not to go into details of all
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00267-00067568-00067959 the other continents here is a graph
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00268-00067960-00068175 that tells you that if you look at
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00269-00068176-00068367 sub-saharan africa
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00270-00068368-00068575 one of the regions with the biggest
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00271-00068576-00068775 sovereign debt challenge
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00272-00068776-00069071 the financial situation of many
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00273-00069072-00069191 governments
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00274-00069192-00069526 remain precarious debt and debt service
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00275-00069527-00069615 cost
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00276-00069616-00069926 are on an average where they stood at
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00277-00069927-00069991 the beginning
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00278-00069992-00070279 of the century when the debt overhang
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00279-00070280-00070375 was reduced
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00280-00070376-00070703 in a purposeful ma and comprehensive
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00281-00070704-00070887 debt relief
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00282-00070888-00071206 effort through epic initiative
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00283-00071207-00071550 so we have lost the impact of that
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00284-00071551-00071926 and we have now a deal which has
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00285-00071927-00072159 really provided liquidity to 40
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00286-00072160-00072279 countries
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00287-00072280-00072591 but by and large that's been absorbed
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00288-00072592-00072967 by the bigger economies so this chart in
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00289-00072968-00072999 front
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00290-00073000-00073287 of you shows the recent data on
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00291-00073288-00073382 government debt
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00292-00073383-00073719 as a percentage of revenues in interest
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00293-00073720-00073950 of time i'm not going to go further into
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00294-00073951-00073991 it
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00295-00073992-00074406 but move to the next line
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00296-00074407-00074750 which again depicts another
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00297-00074751-00075094 problem that we can see that external
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00298-00075095-00075262 death service burden
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00299-00075263-00075631 as share of exports has reached
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00300-00075632-00076055 pre-epic levels in sub-saharan africa
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00301-00076056-00076391 so we are back to square one no matter
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00302-00076392-00076638 what we did in the past because of the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00303-00076639-00076871 pandemic crisis
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00304-00076872-00077071 the last slide that i would like to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00305-00077072-00077175 touch upon
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00306-00077176-00077423 is trying to wrap up what i have talked
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00307-00077424-00077511 about
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00308-00077512-00077831 is that protracted recoveries due to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00309-00077832-00078143 insufficient fiscal stimulus
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00310-00078144-00078471 and slow progress in vaccinations
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00311-00078472-00078775 will undermine development progress in
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00312-00078776-00078935 global south
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00313-00078936-00079343 already now high debt service levels are
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00314-00079344-00079631 impeding crisis responses and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00315-00079632-00079815 threatening the achievement
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00316-00079816-00080111 of the sustainable development goals
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00317-00080112-00080191 with
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00318-00080192-00080471 poverty reduction progress already
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00319-00080472-00080559 reversed
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00320-00080560-00080831 in a significant manner in many
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00321-00080832-00080991 developing countries
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00322-00080992-00081287 external public debt service is larger
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00323-00081288-00081375 than the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00324-00081376-00081623 health care and education expenditures
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00325-00081624-00081791 taken together
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00326-00081792-00082111 moreover high debt service levels are
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00327-00082112-00082318 crowding out the room for crucial
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00328-00082319-00082606 investments in climate resilience
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00329-00082607-00082871 insufficient amounts of investment in
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00330-00082872-00082943 climate
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00331-00082944-00083247 adaptation and resilience will
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00332-00083248-00083543 undermine both development prospects and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00333-00083544-00083735 public finances
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00334-00083736-00084031 countries that fail to climate proof
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00335-00084032-00084159 their economies
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00336-00084160-00084503 and public finances face an ever
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00337-00084504-00084750 worsening spiral of climate
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00338-00084751-00084879 vulnerability
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00339-00084880-00085206 and unsustainable debt burdens
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00340-00085207-00085743 so an effective g20 deal
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00341-00085744-00086087 would be the way forward
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00342-00086088-00086406 and it is encouraging
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00343-00086407-00086831 to note that imf managing director
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00344-00086832-00087079 crystalina georgieva and world bank
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00345-00087080-00087175 president
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00346-00087176-00087494 david malkos both announced that their
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00347-00087495-00087591 institution
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00348-00087592-00087894 will deliver scheme for linking
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00349-00087895-00088150 debt relief with green resilient and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00350-00088151-00088326 inclusive development
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00351-00088327-00088615 at the climate change summit set for
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00352-00088616-00088911 scotland in november of this year
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00353-00088912-00089191 it is paramount that imf world bank
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00354-00089192-00089287 scheme
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00355-00089288-00089647 results in a bigger deal for debt relief
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00356-00089648-00089767 for all countries
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00357-00089768-00090079 in need and really pushes them into a
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00358-00090080-00090191 real climate
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00359-00090192-00090575 action that leaves no one behind as we
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00360-00090576-00090903 always say in the united nations and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00361-00090904-00091271 i am carrying the legacy of my tenure
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00362-00091272-00091575 at the united nations so with this our
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00363-00091576-00091759 submission in this report
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00364-00091760-00091943 is to help out the multilateral
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00365-00091944-00092079 development banks
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00366-00092080-00092406 think through moving forward over to you
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00367-00092407-00093174 on it
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00368-00093175-00093535 hello thanks so much and um so i will
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00369-00093536-00093638 now present
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00370-00093639-00094006 uh the the gift of our proposal
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00371-00094007-00094350 to determine uh which country should be
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00372-00094351-00094471 eligible
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00373-00094472-00094662 for debt relief of course we first of
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00374-00094663-00094911 all need to get the debt sustainability
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00375-00094912-00095311 analysis right
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00376-00095312-00095599 and arguably uh the current debt
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00377-00095600-00095815 sustainability analysis framework
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00378-00095816-00096159 that the imf and the world bank
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00379-00096160-00096462 use is not fit for the job
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00380-00096463-00096687 and it needs to be substantially
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00381-00096688-00096855 revamped
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00382-00096856-00097126 first of all dsas have been for a long
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00383-00097127-00097223 time
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00384-00097224-00097479 being criticized for being overly using
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00385-00097480-00097591 overly optimistic
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00386-00097592-00097911 scenarios and underestimating risks so
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00387-00097912-00097974 there are some
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00388-00097975-00098326 some broader issues but
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00389-00098327-00098535 very importantly we like to highlight
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00390-00098536-00098735 that dsas
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00391-00098736-00099047 do not account for climate and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00392-00099048-00099326 other sustainability risks and they also
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00393-00099327-00099438 do not account
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00394-00099439-00099750 for crucial investment needs for climate
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00395-00099751-00099879 adaptation
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00396-00099880-00100111 or investments in achieving the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00397-00100112-00100335 sustainable development goals
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00398-00100336-00100671 and these investments are uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00399-00100672-00101047 absolutely crucial um and um as pointed
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00400-00101048-00101103 out
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00401-00101104-00101374 by shamshad before countries that are
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00402-00101375-00101526 not able to invest
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00403-00101527-00101799 in climate adaptation climate resilience
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00404-00101800-00101926 and so on
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00405-00101927-00102294 uh will uh get punished severely
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00406-00102295-00102542 by global environmental change so
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00407-00102543-00102734 countries need to be able to invest and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00408-00102735-00102839 this has to be
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00409-00102840-00103206 incorporated into dsas they need to be
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00410-00103207-00103406 based on realistic assumptions
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00411-00103407-00103758 and account for fundamental spending
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00412-00103759-00103854 needs
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00413-00103855-00104206 um for advancing development and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00414-00104207-00104375 resilience
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00415-00104376-00104630 and so we propose that the imf and the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00416-00104631-00104782 world bank
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00417-00104783-00105039 in close partnership with the debtor
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00418-00105040-00105223 government and also with inputs from
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00419-00105224-00105447 from other
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00420-00105448-00105847 organizations including the un um
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00421-00105848-00106295 conduct comprehensive revamped dsas
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00422-00106296-00106551 and that this forms the basis and for
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00423-00106552-00106719 eligibility
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00424-00106720-00107127 for debt relief
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00425-00107128-00107583 now any debt restructuring framework
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00426-00107583-00108023 needs to incorporate adequate incentives
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00427-00108024-00108231 to ensure that the private sector that
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00428-00108232-00108375 private creditors
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00429-00108376-00108583 participate in debt restructuring and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00430-00108583-00108839 that they carry the fair share
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00431-00108840-00109286 of fair share of the burden and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00432-00109288-00109710 so uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00433-00109711-00110023 our proposal suggests that if a debt
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00434-00110024-00110231 sustainability analysis
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00435-00110232-00110383 uh basically comes to the conclusion
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00436-00110383-00110558 that a country's sovereign debt
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00437-00110559-00110919 is a significant concern the imf should
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00438-00110920-00110966 make
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00439-00110967-00111343 any potential new programs conditional
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00440-00111344-00111543 on a restructuring process that would
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00441-00111544-00111886 involve private creditors
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00442-00111888-00112278 debtor countries that seek
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00443-00112279-00112686 haircuts by bilaterals would be
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00444-00112688-00112999 required to also seek debt relief
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00445-00113000-00113334 from private creditors
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00446-00113335-00113631 but beyond that we need to design
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00447-00113632-00113758 incentives
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00448-00113759-00114143 to ensure that private creditors really
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00449-00114144-00114447 participate in debt restructurings
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00450-00114448-00114734 and so fundamentally they need to be
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00451-00114735-00114799 convinced
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00452-00114800-00115054 that participation is better than
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00453-00115055-00115239 abstention
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00454-00115240-00115543 and the experience with past debt
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00455-00115544-00115663 restructuring
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00456-00115664-00116007 suggests that we need a combination
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00457-00116008-00116358 of positive incentives so carrots
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00458-00116359-00116727 but also a certain degree of pressure
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00459-00116728-00116975 so we need a combination of carrots and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00460-00116976-00117102 sticks
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00461-00117103-00117478 and on the carrot side
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00462-00117479-00117886 we propose that
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00463-00117888-00118110 debt restructured debts would be
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00464-00118111-00118247 guaranteed
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00465-00118248-00118471 through a newly established guaranteed
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00466-00118472-00118647 facility for green and inclusive
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00467-00118648-00118775 recovery
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00468-00118776-00119119 which we would locate at the world bank
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00469-00119120-00119471 this facility would back the payments of
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00470-00119472-00119678 newly issued sovereign bonds
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00471-00119679-00119878 that will be swapped against a
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00472-00119879-00120063 significant haircut
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00473-00120064-00120407 for the old and unsustainable debts
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00474-00120408-00120743 so um private creditors basically
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00475-00120744-00120966 have the option of hanging on to their
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00476-00120967-00121054 own debts
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00477-00121055-00121510 which are not sustainable and where they
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00478-00121511-00121863 face the risk of loss or participate
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00479-00121864-00122023 in this debt restructuring where they
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00480-00122024-00122231 can get new debts
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00481-00122232-00122614 which are then credit enhanced
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00482-00122615-00122878 so the facility would provide a partial
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00483-00122879-00122999 guarantee
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00484-00123000-00123334 of the principal as well as a guarantee
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00485-00123335-00123399 of
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00486-00123400-00123743 18 months worth of interest payments
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00487-00123744-00124102 um so that's the kind of incentive
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00488-00124103-00124527 side um but we also need
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00489-00124528-00124878 more pressure on private creditors to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00490-00124879-00125014 participate
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00491-00125015-00125351 um and in the past uh in successful
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00492-00125352-00125607 debt restructurings uh we have seen that
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00493-00125608-00125710 more receivation
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00494-00125711-00126023 and regulate regulatory tools
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00495-00126024-00126383 can work to get debtors to the table
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00496-00126383-00126807 and we propose that
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00497-00126808-00127007 the financial authorities of the major
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00498-00127008-00127223 advanced economies
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00499-00127224-00127702 but also very importantly china
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00500-00127703-00127871 and also the authorities for major
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00501-00127872-00128086 financial centers
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00502-00128088-00128399 could play an important role to bring
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00503-00128400-00128883 creditors to the negotiation table
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00504-00128883-00129071 um
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00505-00129072-00129558 now um we do want to make sure
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00506-00129559-00129902 that debt relief um also
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00507-00129903-00130223 delivers tangible results and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00508-00130224-00130583 so it should not only provide some
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00509-00130583-00130758 temporary breathing space
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00510-00130759-00131031 uh it should really empower governments
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00511-00131032-00131231 to lay the foundations for sustainable
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00512-00131232-00131343 development
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00513-00131344-00131647 enable them to invest in strategic areas
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00514-00131648-00131759 of development
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00515-00131760-00131927 which of course have to include health
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00516-00131928-00132190 we are in a severe health crisis
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00517-00132191-00132383 but also other key areas such as
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00518-00132384-00132631 education digitization
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00519-00132632-00132943 cheap and sustainable energy and also
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00520-00132944-00133239 very very importantly climate resilient
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00521-00133240-00133487 infrastructure
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00522-00133488-00133823 and under our proposal an agreement
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00523-00133824-00134063 on debt restructuring would require
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00524-00134064-00134183 debtor countries
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00525-00134184-00134399 to commit to reforms that align their
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00526-00134400-00134519 policies
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00527-00134520-00134759 and also their budgets with the agenda
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00528-00134760-00134871 2030
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00529-00134872-00135263 and the paris agreement and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00530-00135264-00135566 basically we suggest that the country
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00531-00135567-00135878 commitments should be
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00532-00135879-00136102 owned they should be designed by the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00533-00136103-00136247 country governments
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00534-00136248-00136471 but under involvement of national
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00535-00136472-00136575 parliaments
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00536-00136576-00136927 and also in consultation with relevant
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00537-00136928-00137071 stakeholders
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00538-00137072-00137319 so importantly they should not be
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00539-00137320-00137439 imposed
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00540-00137440-00137711 on uh governments by the global
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00541-00137712-00137854 community
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00542-00137855-00138095 so we're not talking about some imf
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00543-00138096-00138335 conditionality package or something
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00544-00138336-00138683 um and very importantly um
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00545-00138684-00138966 these agreements should really
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00546-00138967-00139478 reflect the priorities of the countries
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00547-00139479-00139727 and to this end we propose that
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00548-00139728-00139863 governments
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00549-00139864-00140159 advance their own green and inclusive
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00550-00140160-00140343 recovery strategy
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00551-00140344-00140702 or girth as we have uh termed it
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00552-00140703-00141047 and country
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00553-00141048-00141359 governments should should not have to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00554-00141360-00141614 develop new comprehensive plans and so
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00555-00141615-00141711 on
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00556-00141712-00141887 there are already a lot of national
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00557-00141888-00142143 strategies plans and visions out there
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00558-00142144-00142351 um they should basically draw on
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00559-00142352-00142702 existing sdg
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00560-00142703-00143047 nec what have you plans
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00561-00143048-00143271 but put together a short document that
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00562-00143272-00143407 would highlight
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00563-00143408-00143654 the key policy priorities for the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00564-00143655-00143854 recovery which of course should be green
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00565-00143855-00143990 and inclusive
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00566-00143991-00144283 um along with a set of key performance
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00567-00144284-00144399 indicators
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00568-00144400-00144695 that the government seeks to achieve
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00569-00144696-00144759 this
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00570-00144760-00144983 strategy should also include a spending
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00571-00144984-00145102 plan
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00572-00145103-00145383 and it should be guided by a set of
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00573-00145384-00145559 principles that will
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00574-00145560-00145863 ensure that the recovery is in line with
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00575-00145864-00145902 the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00576-00145903-00146278 sdg agenda and the paris agreement
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00577-00146279-00146607 and here you see the principles that we
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00578-00146608-00146695 put forward
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00579-00146696-00146999 for a green and inclusive recovery
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00580-00147000-00147326 six of them the first policies
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00581-00147327-00147551 and spending should be directed towards
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00582-00147552-00147678 supporting green and inclusive
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00583-00147679-00147807 recoveries
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00584-00147808-00148014 in line with the scp set out in the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00585-00148015-00148175 agenda 2030
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00586-00148176-00148302 and with the girls of the paris
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00587-00148303-00148483 agreement
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00588-00148484-00148814 second no public money or guarantee
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00589-00148815-00148966 should be used to finance the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00590-00148967-00149183 development of new fossil fuel
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00591-00149184-00149495 supply third
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00592-00149496-00149743 fossil fuel subsidies should be shifted
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00593-00149744-00149926 towards the provision of clean
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00594-00149927-00150295 and importantly affordable energy
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00595-00150296-00150543 force the recovery should be not
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00596-00150544-00150719 diminishing
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00597-00150720-00151095 the integrity of a country's ecosystem
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00598-00151096-00151359 but help to maintain the biodiversity in
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00599-00151360-00151414 line
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00600-00151415-00151766 with global biodiversity targets
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00601-00151767-00152031 fifth measures and policies should
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00602-00152032-00152175 contribute to enhancing
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00603-00152176-00152502 the overall resilience of the society
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00604-00152503-00152726 and the economy so that it's better
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00605-00152727-00152990 prepared for a volatile future
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00606-00152991-00153343 and climate change really
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00607-00153344-00153695 demands us to become more resilient
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00608-00153696-00153926 and last but not least public policy
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00609-00153927-00154014 should ensure
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00610-00154015-00154263 that the low-carbon transition is a just
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00611-00154264-00154399 one
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00612-00154400-00154647 and so we believe that this set of
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00613-00154648-00154926 principles will help
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00614-00154927-00155223 debtor governments to work towards
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00615-00155224-00155343 achieving the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00616-00155344-00155702 sustainable development goals by 2030
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00617-00155703-00156095 and help achieving
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00618-00156096-00156766 a just transition to net zero by 2050.
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00619-00156767-00157135 so the government would put forward its
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00620-00157136-00157439 green intrusive recovery strategy which
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00621-00157440-00157590 would then undergo
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00622-00157591-00157871 a relatively brief but importantly a
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00623-00157872-00158078 public and transparent consultation
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00624-00158079-00158223 process
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00625-00158224-00158526 facilitated by an independent mediator
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00626-00158527-00158759 uh which should be appointed by the un
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00627-00158760-00158943 secretary general
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00628-00158944-00159223 um this consultation process should
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00629-00159224-00159271 involve
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00630-00159272-00159551 all relevant national stakeholders uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00631-00159552-00159711 importantly the parliament but also
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00632-00159712-00159847 civil society
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00633-00159848-00160183 and academia and also
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00634-00160184-00160454 international stakeholders and this
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00635-00160455-00160519 should
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00636-00160520-00160839 ensure that this strategy then reflects
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00637-00160840-00161039 and achieves the development needs and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00638-00161040-00161302 aspirations of the country
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00639-00161303-00161526 but also that it is informed by the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00640-00161527-00161751 latest scientific knowledge regarding
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00641-00161752-00162214 the unfolding sustainability crisis
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00642-00162215-00162447 the debtor government would then revise
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00643-00162448-00162607 the strategy according
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00644-00162608-00162854 to the feedback from this consultation
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00645-00162855-00163014 process
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00646-00163015-00163223 and the strategy would then form the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00647-00163224-00163326 basis
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00648-00163327-00163639 of a debt restructuring to which
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00649-00163640-00163854 both debtor government and public and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00650-00163855-00164007 private creditors
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00651-00164008-00164390 would agree
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00652-00164391-00164726 the uh invisible spending under this
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00653-00164727-00164871 strategy
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00654-00164872-00165126 would be then sourced from a new fund
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00655-00165127-00165399 for green and inclusive recovery
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00656-00165400-00165654 which would be great in the country and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00657-00165655-00165790 into which a portion
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00658-00165791-00165966 of the restructured payments would be
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00659-00165967-00166102 channeled
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00660-00166103-00166302 if there is already an existing national
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00661-00166303-00166447 fund which could be used for this
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00662-00166448-00166607 purpose and of course and then we don't
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00663-00166608-00166838 need to create a new one
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00664-00166839-00167054 and the government would be free to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00665-00167055-00167302 decide how to spend the money
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00666-00167303-00167566 from the fund as long as it's in line
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00667-00167567-00167695 with the goal set out
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00668-00167696-00167999 in its own strategy
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00669-00168000-00168335 we foresee steering group uh to monitor
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00670-00168336-00168502 implementation which also would comprise
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00671-00168503-00168775 of different stakeholders
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00672-00168776-00168951 and of course also importantly the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00673-00168952-00169151 government
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00674-00169152-00169319 should commit to enhancing debt
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00675-00169320-00169471 transparency
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00676-00169472-00169647 uh adopting sustainable borrowing
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00677-00169648-00169878 practices and to strengthen public debt
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00678-00169879-00169983 management
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00679-00169984-00170199 capacity and domestic resource
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00680-00170200-00170351 mobilization
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00681-00170352-00170654 because of course we don't want to have
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00682-00170655-00170807 replays of
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00683-00170808-00171054 debt restructuring time and again so
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00684-00171055-00171390 that's an important element too
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00685-00171391-00171751 here you have um an overview
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00686-00171752-00172159 of the the proposal so basically
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00687-00172160-00172487 imf and world bank conduct and enhance
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00688-00172488-00172743 debt sustainability analysis if a
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00689-00172744-00172943 country
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00690-00172944-00173238 is eligible for debt relief it develops
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00691-00173239-00173359 its green and inclusive
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00692-00173360-00173663 recovery strategy where different
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00693-00173664-00173814 stakeholders and can
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00694-00173815-00174238 feed in once there is an agreement
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00695-00174239-00174559 uh the um
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00696-00174560-00174902 there would be a debt swap uh old debt
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00697-00174903-00175119 against new green inclusive recovery
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00698-00175120-00175231 bonds between
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00699-00175232-00175383 the debtor government and the private
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00700-00175384-00175583 creditors
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00701-00175584-00175887 public creditors so bilaterals
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00702-00175888-00176190 in particular would also take a haircut
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00703-00176191-00176351 so there would be comparable treatment
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00704-00176352-00176526 between private and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00705-00176527-00176751 public creditors uh multilateral
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00706-00176752-00176863 development banks is a bit of a
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00707-00176864-00176943 different
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00708-00176944-00177214 uh story there could be for uh either
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00709-00177215-00177319 country
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00710-00177320-00177454 countries there could also be some debt
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00711-00177455-00177711 restructuring but that would have to be
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00712-00177712-00178102 a a refinanced uh either through
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00713-00178103-00178383 gold sales or or uh bilateral donations
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00714-00178384-00178478 or sdr we are
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00715-00178479-00178711 really sorry sorry to interrupt you but
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00716-00178712-00178959 uh jose antonio as we know yeah
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00717-00178960-00179302 i'm almost done okay so um
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00718-00179303-00179790 just a few uh words uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00719-00179791-00180143 to close um so the debt situation is
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00720-00180144-00180343 already constraining recoveries
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00721-00180344-00180526 and investments in sustainable
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00722-00180527-00180671 development
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00723-00180672-00180966 and uh it is very likely that we're
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00724-00180967-00181038 going to see
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00725-00181039-00181366 an escalation of the debt situation um
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00726-00181367-00181678 uh in the coming years when uh suspended
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00727-00181679-00181711 debt
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00728-00181712-00181966 payments are due and also when interest
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00729-00181967-00182214 rates in the u.s will start to rise
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00730-00182215-00182390 and we've seen many times in the past
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00731-00182391-00182614 that this will uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00732-00182615-00182831 have impacts on on capital flows to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00733-00182832-00183038 developing emerging economies
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00734-00183039-00183287 so even though right now things look
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00735-00183288-00183390 relatively benign
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00736-00183391-00183695 in many countries the underlying debt
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00737-00183696-00183887 problems as shamshad said
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00738-00183888-00184111 are there and we need to be prepared we
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00739-00184112-00184351 need to tackle the looming debt crisis
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00740-00184352-00184695 now and delaying
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00741-00184696-00184926 an inevitable debt restructuring where
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00742-00184927-00185038 it is needed
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00743-00185039-00185278 will leave these over-indebted countries
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00744-00185279-00185519 and their populations worse off
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00745-00185520-00185799 um and at this point in time we really
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00746-00185800-00185926 cannot afford
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00747-00185927-00186143 to let these countries and their people
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00748-00186144-00186238 down
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00749-00186239-00186543 so we argue that it is time for the g20
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00750-00186544-00186671 to step up
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00751-00186672-00186999 and provide all countries that need it
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00752-00187000-00187326 uh with debt relief and the opportunity
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00753-00187327-00187535 to pursue the green
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00754-00187536-00187847 inclusive and resilient recovery
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00755-00187848-00188159 thank you very much and the report is
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00756-00188160-00188247 online
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00757-00188248-00188550 uh available now thank you
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00758-00188551-00188887 thank you very much um shamshad
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00759-00188888-00189078 and julie for this excellent
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00760-00189079-00189302 presentation of our report
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00761-00189303-00189663 i now pass very quickly to invite jose
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00762-00189664-00189871 antonio campo who will be our first
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00763-00189872-00190023 keynote speaker
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00764-00190024-00190311 and he has to leave soon after his
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00765-00190312-00190575 presentation because he's talking to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00766-00190576-00190919 finance ministers so i apologize for
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00767-00190920-00191014 russian
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00768-00191015-00191254 uh jose antonio ocampo is known to many
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00769-00191255-00191366 of you
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00770-00191367-00191687 um because he has this incredible mix of
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00771-00191688-00192038 high level experience both nationally
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00772-00192039-00192238 and internationally
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00773-00192239-00192678 in public service and in academia
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00774-00192679-00192990 and just to give you a small sample he
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00775-00192991-00193183 at the global level he was under
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00776-00193184-00193319 secretary general
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00777-00193320-00193583 for economic and social affairs and he
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00778-00193584-00193743 was also candidate for
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00779-00193744-00193943 developing countries to be president of
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00780-00193944-00194078 the world bank
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00781-00194079-00194366 at the regional level he was executive
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00782-00194367-00194550 secretary of eclat
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00783-00194551-00194735 and at the national level he's been
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00784-00194736-00194911 finance minister
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00785-00194912-00195247 and agriculture minister and director of
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00786-00195248-00195414 national planning
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00787-00195415-00195759 but as an academic he's also
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00788-00195760-00196078 published or edited written or edited
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00789-00196079-00196431 over 50 books and over 300 scholarly
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00790-00196432-00196671 articles so jose antonio
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00791-00196672-00196902 the floor is yours i will then present
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00792-00196903-00196975 the other
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00793-00196976-00197263 very distinguished keynote speakers
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00794-00197264-00197359 after he
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00795-00197360-00197638 finishes because as i mentioned we have
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00796-00197639-00197838 a really
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00797-00197839-00198047 embarrassment of riches we have a dream
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00798-00198048-00198302 team of keynote speakers and i'm very
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00799-00198303-00198414 grateful to them
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00800-00198415-00198711 for having accepted having jose antonio
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00801-00198712-00198807 alicia
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00802-00198808-00199071 and louis giving us their valuable
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00803-00199072-00199166 insights
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00804-00199167-00199487 thank you jose antonia well uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00805-00199488-00199799 thank you stephanie um for your
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00806-00199800-00200183 uh invitation your kind introduction
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00807-00200184-00200543 let me also celebrate the the uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00808-00200544-00200902 the presentation by shamshad anudi uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00809-00200903-00201207 and of course i'm sorry to to alicia and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00810-00201208-00201271 luis for
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00811-00201272-00201438 for the fact that i have to leave just
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00812-00201439-00201575 after i speak
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00813-00201576-00201750 uh because of my other commitment with
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00814-00201751-00201919 the gd24
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00815-00201920-00202223 uh let me say that i i
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00816-00202224-00202631 i entirely share uh this document
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00817-00202632-00202950 um let me just say that uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00818-00202951-00203231 i will have put inclusive before green
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00819-00203232-00203431 that's my only criticism
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00820-00203432-00203631 that i will have called this debt relief
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00821-00203632-00203878 for an inclusive and green recovery
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00822-00203879-00204126 anyway that's perhaps because of my
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00823-00204127-00204431 obsession for social issues
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00824-00204432-00204575 and for an inclusive economic
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00825-00204576-00204783 development uh but uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00826-00204784-00205038 but this is certainly with that little
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00827-00205039-00205158 uh exception i
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00828-00205159-00205558 share uh uh entirely this let me make uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00829-00205559-00205886 uh first of all appraise the fact that
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00830-00205887-00205998 the uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00831-00206000-00206238 the emphasis of this document on the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00832-00206239-00206510 fact that existing mechanisms
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00833-00206511-00206894 a are are insufficient
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00834-00206896-00207286 um and therefore that we need
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00835-00207287-00207623 an ad hoc mechanism of some sort uh to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00836-00207623-00207710 manage the uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00837-00207711-00208014 the uh rising uh uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00838-00208015-00208271 uh countries with uh with that uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00839-00208271-00208358 problems uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00840-00208359-00208766 under the current uh crisis uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00841-00208767-00208975 unfortunately i think uh and this will
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00842-00208976-00209071 probably be a
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00843-00209071-00209446 a point that i should underscore
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00844-00209448-00209758 uh uh as an addition let's say to this
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00845-00209759-00209855 report
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00846-00209856-00210198 uh is that we i mean we manage the death
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00847-00210200-00210391 crisis of latin america
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00848-00210392-00210719 with an ad hoc mechanism then the uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00849-00210719-00210942 the debt issues of low income of the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00850-00210944-00211103 poor countries uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00851-00211104-00211375 uh around the turn of the century with
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00852-00211376-00211423 other
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00853-00211423-00211815 ad hoc issues so maybe we and this is a
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00854-00211816-00212006 very important point we really have to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00855-00212007-00212087 have
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00856-00212088-00212342 a stable institutional mechanism to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00857-00212344-00212439 manage these issues
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00858-00212440-00212679 so it's only that restructuring
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00859-00212680-00213071 mechanism of a stable character
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00860-00213071-00213375 to uh to manage this issue but uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00861-00213376-00213542 and that's why you know i have been
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00862-00213544-00213710 proposing for a long time uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00863-00213711-00213871 solving the infrastructure mechanism
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00864-00213871-00214015 which i will
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00865-00214016-00214398 preferably locate in the u.n uh but
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00866-00214400-00214742 it could also be um uh located
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00867-00214744-00215087 with with a significant uh autonomy for
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00868-00215088-00215319 the decision-making body in the imf
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00869-00215319-00215646 i think uh in any case um
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00870-00215648-00215846 that's the uh you know the long-term
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00871-00215848-00215975 implications but the uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00872-00215976-00216191 the mechanism that is suggested here to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00873-00216192-00216382 manage the current crisis
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00874-00216383-00216806 uh is a is a correct one uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00875-00216807-00217071 it borrows a uh from the experience of
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00876-00217071-00217255 the of the brady plan
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00877-00217256-00217487 uh and the mechanism that is suggested
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00878-00217488-00217558 uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00879-00217559-00217910 of a of a guaranteed facility uh managed
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00880-00217911-00218039 uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00881-00218040-00218367 by the world bank uh is uh you know is
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00882-00218367-00218415 one
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00883-00218416-00218782 a very important mechanism
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00884-00218783-00219119 very similar in a sense to uh to the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00885-00219119-00219342 the mechanism that the uh that will
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00886-00219344-00219455 design
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00887-00219456-00219767 uh on the debris plan perhaps
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00888-00219767-00220079 in some cases it could be complemented
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00889-00220080-00220471 uh by mechanisms such as the uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00890-00220471-00220703 you know exchanging debt for for
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00891-00220704-00220887 donations of some sort
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00892-00220888-00221142 uh particularly uh in during the latin
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00893-00221144-00221351 american debt crisis uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00894-00221352-00221615 for actually for many uh green projects
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00895-00221616-00221758 let's say in the for example
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00896-00221759-00222087 in uh in some countries uh uh but the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00897-00222088-00222334 but the mechanism of the uh similar to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00898-00222335-00222415 the brady plan
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00899-00222416-00222694 i think is a great proposal uh i think
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00900-00222696-00222887 we should continue pushing uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00901-00222888-00223358 for that the uh the mechanism uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00902-00223359-00223631 the suggestions or the proposal also
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00903-00223632-00223767 suggests that there should be debt
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00904-00223767-00223831 relief
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00905-00223832-00224103 from multilateral institutions uh to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00906-00224104-00224342 low-income countries
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00907-00224344-00224679 and that uh of course uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00908-00224680-00224934 generates the financing requirement uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00909-00224935-00225039 on top of the uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00910-00225040-00225334 institutional uh requirement that has to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00911-00225335-00225446 be managed
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00912-00225448-00225639 let me just point out that the sdrs
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00913-00225640-00225982 would not be the mechanism because uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00914-00225983-00226182 the you know the the one who donates
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00915-00226183-00226439 let's say sdrs will still have to pay
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00916-00226440-00226694 uh for the interest payments of the sdr
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00917-00226696-00226855 so it has to be a
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00918-00226856-00227191 explicit uh uh a donation
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00919-00227192-00227503 by the developed countries uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00920-00227504-00227815 so the mix of the bredit plan uh for
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00921-00227816-00228055 uh middle income countries in particular
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00922-00228056-00228255 uh with the uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00923-00228256-00228446 with this multilateral will be from
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00924-00228448-00228598 low-income countries uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00925-00228600-00228855 is uh it's a very interesting proposal
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00926-00228856-00228903 that
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00927-00228904-00229215 i think should be uh discussed uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00928-00229216-00229575 and let me perhaps finally uh point out
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00929-00229576-00229910 the implications that this has uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00930-00229911-00230142 for the police proposal has for for
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00931-00230144-00230239 credit rating
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00932-00230240-00230591 uh standards um both for
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00933-00230592-00230831 multilateral institutions if they do
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00934-00230832-00230958 that relief
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00935-00230959-00231215 uh although they did they do their
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00936-00231216-00231279 relief
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00937-00231280-00231582 in the past uh during the uh the highly
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00938-00231583-00231758 educated poor countries and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00939-00231759-00232087 initiative uh but the but it does
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00940-00232088-00232358 generate this uh a very complicated
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00941-00232359-00232471 problem
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00942-00232471-00232703 uh that the uh the multilateral
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00943-00232704-00232934 institutions should go forward without
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00944-00232935-00233263 any downgrade let's say of any character
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00945-00233264-00233542 but this is also true uh let's say for
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00946-00233544-00233591 for
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00947-00233592-00233894 a country that boring private capital
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00948-00233896-00233998 markets
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00949-00234000-00234271 uh and they do that restructuring i
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00950-00234271-00234358 think the uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00951-00234359-00234598 the crate rating agencies uh with their
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00952-00234600-00234879 pro-cyclical pattern or ratings
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00953-00234880-00235023 have done a lot of damage to the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00954-00235023-00235287 international uh community
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00955-00235288-00235558 and this should be uh regulated uh to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00956-00235559-00235631 avoid
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00957-00235632-00236134 the uh the that pro-cyclical standard
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00958-00236135-00236503 which actually has made some uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00959-00236504-00236694 low-income countries that could access
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00960-00236696-00236951 the ssi not being able to access it
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00961-00236952-00237094 because of the fear
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00962-00237096-00237375 uh or being downgraded uh so that i
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00963-00237376-00237439 think the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00964-00237440-00237703 you know in the long term uh beyond the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00965-00237704-00237927 solenoid restructuring mechanism
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00966-00237928-00238182 we have to have a standards a strong
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00967-00238183-00238375 international standard for creating
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00968-00238376-00238479 agencies
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00969-00238480-00238710 uh in order to avoid this procedural
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00970-00238711-00238791 pattern
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00971-00238792-00239110 uh and to uh uh counteract uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00972-00239111-00239415 these proposals such as this one for you
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00973-00239416-00239463 know
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00974-00239464-00239798 a good recovery of the middle income
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00975-00239800-00239910 countries
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00976-00239911-00240119 thank you very much and and again sorry
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00977-00240119-00240263 to to be able to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00978-00240264-00240598 to to have to live and now because of my
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00979-00240600-00240775 other commitment thank you very much to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00980-00240776-00241006 to all of you it's very nice to be with
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00981-00241007-00241142 so many friends
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00982-00241144-00241534 today goodbye hi thank you so much jose
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00983-00241535-00241727 antonio for your presentation and for
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00984-00241728-00241967 making so many important points
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00985-00241967-00242342 on sbrm on rating agencies
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00986-00242344-00242710 on the need to preserve the ratings
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00987-00242711-00243055 of mdbs so thank you very much i realize
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00988-00243056-00243151 you have to leave
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00989-00243152-00243671 so thank you very much
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00990-00243671-00243975 so now uh i will introduce our next
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00991-00243976-00244134 keynote speaker
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00992-00244135-00244494 uh i apologize to alicia because uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00993-00244496-00244671 she was going to be the first speaker
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00994-00244671-00244830 but um because jose
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00995-00244831-00245119 had to leave we we gave him the number
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00996-00245119-00245223 one place
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00997-00245223-00245558 um so ali we're very lucky to have
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00998-00245559-00245951 alicia rasina as our second keynote
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-00999-00245952-00246142 speaker
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01000-00246144-00246430 you probably all know her with her
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01001-00246431-00246623 distinguished career without
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01002-00246623-00247023 within the united nations particularly
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01003-00247023-00247327 in sepal or etc since
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01004-00247328-00247679 2008 where she has been executive
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01005-00247680-00247846 secretary
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01006-00247848-00248110 and performed a very valuable role there
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01007-00248111-00248334 including on initiatives
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01008-00248335-00248582 on debt for nature for the caribbean
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01009-00248583-00248679 which has in
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01010-00248680-00248967 large part also been an inspiration for
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01011-00248967-00249103 our work
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01012-00249104-00249334 before that she what perhaps people
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01013-00249335-00249423 don't know
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01014-00249423-00249791 is that alicia is starting her career
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01015-00249792-00250110 as um doing research
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01016-00250111-00250406 and policy work on the environment in
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01017-00250407-00250646 fact she was under secretary in mexico
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01018-00250648-00250942 of the environment and she started her
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01019-00250944-00251110 work as the palace chief of the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01020-00251111-00251198 environment
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01021-00251200-00251527 division so we're very lucky we have her
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01022-00251528-00251630 because she
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01023-00251631-00252063 really helps carry out this bridge
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01024-00252064-00252303 between debt relief and economic
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01025-00252304-00252398 analysis
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01026-00252400-00252719 and environment as few economists could
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01027-00252719-00252791 do
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01028-00252792-00252998 so thank you very much alicia and we
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01029-00253000-00253487 really look forward to your presentation
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01030-00253488-00253871 i think you're muted good morning to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01031-00253871-00253967 everyone and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01032-00253967-00254230 thank you very much uh to to you
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01033-00254231-00254342 stephanie
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01034-00254344-00254591 to the wonderful presentation of my dear
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01035-00254592-00254742 friend shamshad
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01036-00254744-00255127 and uli i really enjoy it very very much
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01037-00255128-00255406 i i would like to to start by saying
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01038-00255407-00255446 that
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01039-00255448-00255639 congratulations because i think this
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01040-00255640-00255879 document really makes a very
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01041-00255880-00256175 very useful and innovative contribution
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01042-00256176-00256327 to the discussion of the debt
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01043-00256328-00256606 situation which is constraining many of
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01044-00256607-00256742 the responses of
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01045-00256744-00256998 our countries not only for the recovery
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01046-00257000-00257103 i may say
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01047-00257104-00257319 also for the emergency we in the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01048-00257319-00257551 majority of the developing world we are
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01049-00257552-00257646 still
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01050-00257648-00257919 confronting the emergency because of the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01051-00257919-00258071 unequal distribution
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01052-00258071-00258382 of vaccines so one one element
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01053-00258383-00258639 that i think you should at some point
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01054-00258640-00258703 even
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01055-00258704-00258991 maybe mention in your paper that there
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01056-00258992-00259046 is
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01057-00259048-00259375 so much urgency to close the asymmetries
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01058-00259376-00259598 in the at the global level asymmetries
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01059-00259600-00259734 that are both
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01060-00259735-00259998 health asymmetries access to vaccines
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01061-00260000-00260255 but also on climate change we have
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01062-00260256-00260542 many many asymmetries and access to to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01063-00260544-00260671 financing
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01064-00260671-00260975 so global asymmetries in my view
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01065-00260976-00261327 are are being more and more different uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01066-00261328-00261734 your the the paper is very innovative in
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01067-00261735-00261927 the sense of the proposals
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01068-00261928-00262191 for dead restructuring as a stepping
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01069-00262192-00262382 stone and let me say this
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01070-00262383-00262623 as as i believe should be included in
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01071-00262624-00262806 the paper at some point
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01072-00262807-00263167 which is the uh the basis for a new
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01073-00263168-00263510 global multilateral mechanism
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01074-00263511-00263734 i i believe and we believe and i think
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01075-00263735-00263910 jose antonio was a little bit saying
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01076-00263911-00263999 that
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01077-00264000-00264215 that we need we are aiming at a new
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01078-00264216-00264455 global multilateral death restructuring
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01079-00264456-00264575 mechanism
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01080-00264576-00264895 and this proposal is part of that new
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01081-00264896-00265206 architecture that we need to build in
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01082-00265207-00265487 at the intergovernmental level and these
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01083-00265488-00265703 new architecture should include
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01084-00265704-00265991 first of all a the inclusion also the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01085-00265992-00266287 credit rating agencies and that is we
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01086-00266288-00266503 need a public rating credit rating
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01087-00266504-00266606 agency
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01088-00266607-00266943 uh and and of course we need to rethink
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01089-00266944-00267239 the whole debt restructuring mechanism
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01090-00267240-00267271 so
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01091-00267272-00267551 is of course this is a concrete proposal
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01092-00267552-00267639 to do that
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01093-00267640-00267934 to restructure but i think it has to be
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01094-00267935-00268103 part of the more
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01095-00268104-00268367 extensive architecture that needs to be
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01096-00268368-00268479 done
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01097-00268480-00268823 the the document has a specific
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01098-00268824-00269023 recommendations to address the immediate
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01099-00269024-00269127 challenges
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01100-00269128-00269510 and to enable swift recoveries and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01101-00269511-00269647 urgent needs
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01102-00269648-00269895 and what i like very much is it's in
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01103-00269896-00270143 line with agenda 2030 and the paris
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01104-00270144-00270310 agreement
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01105-00270311-00270527 and i think this has to be also
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01106-00270528-00270663 highlighted
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01107-00270664-00270975 uh all of course critical to the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01108-00270976-00271119 proposals is the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01109-00271120-00271439 the guarantee facility the facility for
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01110-00271440-00271575 green and inclusive
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01111-00271576-00272006 recovery because this facility has to be
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01112-00272007-00272167 designed in such a way
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01113-00272168-00272503 that it will also i would say attract
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01114-00272504-00272815 private sector and the commercial sector
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01115-00272816-00273039 it has to be managed by the world bank i
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01116-00273040-00273247 hope that it could be also
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01117-00273248-00273599 somehow uh connected to the regional and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01118-00273600-00273839 sub-regional banks as well
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01119-00273840-00274206 um i think that the interesting part i
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01120-00274207-00274247 guess
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01121-00274248-00274510 is that the restructure repayments will
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01122-00274511-00274703 be channeled into a fund
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01123-00274704-00275015 for green and inclusive recovery
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01124-00275016-00275343 and i think this could be there are some
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01125-00275344-00275623 national funds at least in this part of
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01126-00275624-00275710 the world
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01127-00275711-00275919 that could be used for this purpose as
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01128-00275920-00276103 well that is instead of
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01129-00276104-00276358 only the world bank we can also use the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01130-00276359-00276471 national
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01131-00276472-00276799 architecture of of of banks
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01132-00276800-00277071 and uh so this this could be something
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01133-00277072-00277134 interesting
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01134-00277135-00277375 this happens particularly in middle
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01135-00277376-00277527 income countries
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01136-00277528-00277791 which i also believe that what's
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01137-00277792-00277951 happening today is all the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01138-00277952-00278263 all the responses coming from dssi
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01139-00278264-00278567 from the g20 from the g7 are covering
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01140-00278568-00278606 the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01141-00278607-00278782 low-income countries but they are not
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01142-00278783-00278967 covering the middle-income countries
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01143-00278968-00279151 and i think you said it very clearly
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01144-00279152-00279358 also as well
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01145-00279359-00279695 we are very happy that you are using a
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01146-00279696-00279919 tax proposal for resilience fund and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01147-00279920-00280158 debt for climate adaptation
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01148-00280159-00280534 and in this sense we see ideas in the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01149-00280535-00280751 document that are very much in line with
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01150-00280752-00280887 eclipse views
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01151-00280888-00281103 and i must say that we are progressing
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01152-00281104-00281230 very fast
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01153-00281231-00281558 in case studies that you may wish to use
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01154-00281559-00281863 in in your paper or in future papers we
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01155-00281864-00281982 are advancing
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01156-00281983-00282175 in countries like antigua and barbuda
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01157-00282176-00282351 santa lucias and vincent and the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01158-00282352-00282463 grenadines
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01159-00282464-00282743 because as you know the combination
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01160-00282744-00282839 between
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01161-00282840-00283063 private debt and public debt is very
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01162-00283064-00283158 different
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01163-00283159-00283439 so the solutions are also different but
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01164-00283440-00283591 there's one interesting
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01165-00283592-00283934 thing also and that what are the key
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01166-00283935-00284182 elements for successful debt
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01167-00284183-00284406 negotiations that we have learned for
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01168-00284407-00284679 from in this region we have learned from
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01169-00284680-00284863 it for example that grenada
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01170-00284864-00285182 in their discussion used an instrument
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01171-00285183-00285382 that could be also attached
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01172-00285383-00285687 to this climate sort of a debt
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01173-00285688-00285879 sustainability
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01174-00285880-00286127 to this green and inclusive recovery
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01175-00286128-00286375 they use a clause that is the hurricane
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01176-00286376-00286454 clause
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01177-00286455-00286719 that is and this is very interesting to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01178-00286720-00286847 use some of these
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01179-00286848-00287134 state contingent clauses that could be
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01180-00287135-00287199 attached
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01181-00287200-00287558 to hurricanes to disasters to to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01182-00287559-00287863 climate uh vulnerabilities and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01183-00287864-00288063 and we can share with you some
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01184-00288064-00288182 experiences
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01185-00288183-00288519 there now uh the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01186-00288520-00288879 the other thing is very interesting to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01187-00288880-00289079 and i like that very much julie when you
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01188-00289080-00289358 say each country has to prepare
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01189-00289359-00289647 their own plans for climate risk and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01190-00289648-00289823 spending for resilience
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01191-00289824-00290071 and i think there is work uh we the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01192-00290072-00290263 regional commissions could help
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01193-00290264-00290430 for example in the cases of the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01194-00290431-00290606 caribbean which i think
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01195-00290607-00290799 are going to be the first in line or
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01196-00290800-00290951 should be the first in life
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01197-00290952-00291230 because they are so highly that that if
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01198-00291231-00291439 if we don't do something for them
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01199-00291440-00291710 and and the world bank and the imf don't
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01200-00291711-00291927 consider their situation
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01201-00291928-00292295 we might be uh ending in in big crisis
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01202-00292296-00292575 so as you are putting examples you know
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01203-00292576-00292606 you
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01204-00292607-00292775 you have very good examples on the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01205-00292776-00292934 african case
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01206-00292935-00293119 i think it would be interesting to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01207-00293120-00293287 include some
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01208-00293288-00293519 latin american cases as well as i said
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01209-00293520-00293663 we have analyzed
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01210-00293664-00293927 at least some caribbean granada is very
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01211-00293928-00294006 interesting
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01212-00294007-00294310 ecuador and how they negotiated with the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01213-00294311-00294430 private center
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01214-00294431-00294775 particularly with black rock and and how
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01215-00294776-00295047 creditors of such a size could come to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01216-00295048-00295119 the table
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01217-00295120-00295358 which arguments could be the good ones
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01218-00295359-00295534 and with argentina
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01219-00295535-00295815 the collective action clauses so in this
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01220-00295816-00296047 proposal of a dead relief or a green and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01221-00296048-00296191 inclusive recovery
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01222-00296192-00296495 i think we should add some innovative
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01223-00296496-00296582 instruments
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01224-00296583-00296854 like the hurricane clauses like sdg
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01225-00296855-00296934 bonds
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01226-00296935-00297287 like the collective action clauses the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01227-00297288-00297423 cacs
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01228-00297424-00297758 that could be useful
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01229-00297759-00298071 then i think that one of the things that
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01230-00298072-00298247 we need to understand
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01231-00298248-00298606 is the debt service costs uh because in
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01232-00298607-00298743 this region
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01233-00298744-00299006 latin america and the caribbean is has
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01234-00299007-00299123 to pay
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01235-00299124-00299439 59 of their exports
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01236-00299440-00299775 goes to debt servicing so uh this is
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01237-00299776-00299951 something that needs to because
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01238-00299952-00300271 if recovery is not connected with
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01239-00300272-00300543 exports with trade uh it's also
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01240-00300544-00300630 something and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01241-00300631-00300967 59 of their uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01242-00300968-00301343 of these that services is enormous
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01243-00301344-00301639 so and uh so this is affecting the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01244-00301640-00301767 fiscal and the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01245-00301768-00302110 vulnerability of many of our countries
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01246-00302111-00302527 now um particularly smaller economies
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01247-00302528-00302695 such as the caribbean again with the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01248-00302696-00302910 tourists tourism has
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01249-00302911-00303151 completely dropped and they don't have
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01250-00303152-00303303 any sources of
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01251-00303304-00303575 exports if we consider tourism but this
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01252-00303576-00303719 is happening to the other
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01253-00303720-00303919 small island development states so i
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01254-00303920-00304182 think a special consideration to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01255-00304183-00304375 middle income yes but small island
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01256-00304376-00304599 development states i also believe
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01257-00304600-00304854 should be particularly mentioned now
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01258-00304855-00305087 latin american the caribbean is the most
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01259-00305088-00305415 indebted region in the developing world
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01260-00305416-00305791 79 of gdp and the total
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01261-00305792-00306047 external debt of the general government
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01262-00306048-00306199 is 56
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01263-00306200-00306510 and as i said that services relative to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01264-00306511-00306710 export is 59
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01265-00306711-00306999 of gdp so this is making this very
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01266-00307000-00307175 difficult and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01267-00307176-00307367 the reason why we are suggesting the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01268-00307368-00307551 credit rating agencies
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01269-00307552-00307775 and we have had this discussion with you
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01270-00307776-00307895 stephanie
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01271-00307896-00308167 we have this true three credit rating
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01272-00308168-00308295 agencies smoothies
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01273-00308296-00308623 standard important fits which shows that
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01274-00308624-00308967 in our in our countries we we simply
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01275-00308968-00309095 have uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01276-00309096-00309495 21 economies that are considered
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01277-00309496-00309754 high or very high risk they have been
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01278-00309755-00309903 downgraded
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01279-00309904-00310206 by these three credit ratings even chile
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01280-00310207-00310558 who has such a good fundamental so
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01281-00310559-00310743 something has to happen i mean they are
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01282-00310744-00311006 still thinking that business as usual is
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01283-00311007-00311110 what we have
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01284-00311111-00311382 in the world so credit rating agencies
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01285-00311383-00311563 has to be part of these
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01286-00311564-00311879 recommendations uh now
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01287-00311880-00312087 the lack of international cooperation
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01288-00312088-00312223 towards mix
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01289-00312224-00312399 i think is total totally middle-income
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01290-00312400-00312567 countries is something that we really
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01291-00312568-00312743 need to highlight as well
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01292-00312744-00312999 i understand that you are more or less
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01293-00313000-00313071 going to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01294-00313072-00313295 low-income countries but middle-income
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01295-00313296-00313495 countries represent 75
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01296-00313496-00313687 of the world population 30 of the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01297-00313688-00313895 aggregate the month 96
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01298-00313896-00314167 of developing country debts excluding
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01299-00314168-00314239 china and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01300-00314240-00314558 india so so this this is where we have
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01301-00314559-00314727 the vulnerabilities
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01302-00314728-00314982 and uh and we cannot ignore the fact
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01303-00314983-00315199 that middle-income countries are
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01304-00315200-00315406 characterized by high levels of
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01305-00315407-00315543 inequality
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01306-00315544-00315895 and now sustainability so it's time for
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01307-00315896-00316071 the middle-income countries to be
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01308-00316072-00316343 part of this debt relief for a green and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01309-00316344-00316471 inclusive recovery
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01310-00316472-00316751 actually argentina the minister of
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01311-00316752-00316871 argentina
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01312-00316872-00317199 martin guzman was telling me that one of
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01313-00317200-00317263 the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01314-00317264-00317591 major criteria they are going to use
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01315-00317592-00317975 to drain negotia their debt with the imf
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01316-00317976-00318279 is going to be climate change so
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01317-00318280-00318487 i think this is very interesting we have
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01318-00318488-00318719 to use this opportunity we have a big
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01319-00318720-00318887 country like argentina
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01320-00318888-00319151 that is moving away from fossil fuels or
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01321-00319152-00319239 short
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01322-00319240-00319558 because they uh for for the purpose of
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01323-00319559-00319727 negotiating their
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01324-00319728-00319943 uh their debt because the debt
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01325-00319944-00320110 suspension initiative
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01326-00320111-00320447 frankly is ridiculous in in latin
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01327-00320448-00320510 america
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01328-00320511-00320815 and the caribbean to date the region
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01329-00320816-00321030 the the countries that participate in
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01330-00321031-00321191 the dssi is
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01331-00321192-00321415 dominican renal sanction and saint
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01332-00321416-00321599 vincent and the grenadines
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01333-00321600-00321903 four four out of 33
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01334-00321904-00322158 come on that not even haiti who should
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01335-00322159-00322271 be the first
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01336-00322272-00322471 and by the way haiti has not received
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01337-00322472-00322647 even one vaccine so
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01338-00322648-00323047 i mean what are we gonna do okay so um
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01339-00323048-00323391 and i'm coming to to to the end
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01340-00323392-00323663 i was very excited by by your paper so
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01341-00323664-00323734 that's why
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01342-00323735-00323982 i'm sorry to take so much time but i
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01343-00323983-00324167 think that um
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01344-00324168-00324519 the the uh the paper should emphasize
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01345-00324520-00324830 also the international cooperation that
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01346-00324831-00324951 is needed to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01347-00324952-00325327 to to in certain way to make sure
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01348-00325328-00325606 that there is an understanding that
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01349-00325607-00325695 liquidity
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01350-00325696-00325939 exists and that we need is a
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01351-00325940-00326175 redistribution of liquidity
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01352-00326176-00326423 from developed to developing countries
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01353-00326424-00326495 and and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01354-00326496-00326730 it's not only expansion but it's
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01355-00326731-00326903 redistribution
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01356-00326904-00327206 and then i think that the analysis of
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01357-00327207-00327351 that in the document
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01358-00327352-00327599 that refers to the death of the central
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01359-00327600-00327758 general government
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01360-00327759-00328023 but also needs to take into account that
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01361-00328024-00328271 the significant increase in debt
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01362-00328272-00328519 is affecting enormously the productive
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01363-00328520-00328599 sector
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01364-00328600-00328830 the non-financial corporate sector
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01365-00328831-00328967 including private
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01366-00328968-00329287 and and public and private firms so
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01367-00329288-00329575 in latin america for example 50 of the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01368-00329576-00329734 outstanding stock
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01369-00329735-00329910 of debt security issues and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01370-00329911-00330167 non-financial corporate votes
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01371-00330168-00330582 37 of the total non-financial corporate
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01372-00330583-00330727 sector is holding
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01373-00330728-00331110 37 of the total
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01374-00331111-00331487 so uh i would say that in addition
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01375-00331488-00331687 uh we we should look at the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01376-00331688-00331919 non-financial corporate sector that i
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01377-00331920-00331999 think has
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01378-00332000-00332254 experienced a fall in profitability
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01379-00332255-00332382 liquidity
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01380-00332383-00332630 and and a decrease in its repayment
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01381-00332631-00332823 capabilities this is a report from the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01382-00332824-00332943 imf
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01383-00332944-00333206 and moreover evidence shows that firms
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01384-00333207-00333399 are highly injected
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01385-00333400-00333639 so the private sector is very indebted
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01386-00333640-00333703 so
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01387-00333704-00334023 where is investment going to come from i
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01388-00334024-00334223 understand the incentives
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01389-00334224-00334454 it could be also seen in this region not
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01390-00334455-00334767 as incentive but as conditionality so
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01391-00334768-00334943 we have to be careful there i'm going to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01392-00334944-00335167 put the example of mexico i mean
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01393-00335168-00335406 mexico is not going for that and they
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01394-00335407-00335615 are going exactly the country in terms
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01395-00335616-00335782 of fossil fuels so
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01396-00335783-00335982 so that that is something that we need
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01397-00335983-00336095 to uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01398-00336096-00336439 to to to see um
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01399-00336440-00336751 anyway let me let me say that uh finally
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01400-00336752-00336782 that
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01401-00336783-00337058 what we need is to align the creditors
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01402-00337059-00337215 participation
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01403-00337216-00337439 and the interest with those aligned of
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01404-00337440-00337575 the debtors
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01405-00337576-00337903 and as i said before to include new
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01406-00337904-00338095 new instruments like for example the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01407-00338096-00338391 collective action clauses that align
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01408-00338392-00338599 interest of private sector and serve to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01409-00338600-00338854 expedite the process and avoid
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01410-00338855-00339182 costly delays the other part that i
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01411-00339183-00339230 think it
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01412-00339231-00339487 is very interesting is the using the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01413-00339488-00339551 brady
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01414-00339552-00339854 the brady plan which is a
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01415-00339855-00340143 an interesting reference and is useful
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01416-00340144-00340199 but
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01417-00340200-00340423 the type of creditors the legal
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01418-00340424-00340606 frameworks and the financial in the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01419-00340607-00340734 current context
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01420-00340735-00341054 are not the same as those of the brady
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01421-00341055-00341127 plan
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01422-00341128-00341327 so this is something that needs to be
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01423-00341328-00341558 carefully seen because creditors
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01424-00341559-00341854 are mainly asset managers which behave
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01425-00341855-00341975 very different than
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01426-00341976-00342303 banks they have different interests some
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01427-00342304-00342430 asset managers are
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01428-00342431-00342639 not really engaged in providing credit
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01429-00342640-00342734 but rather
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01430-00342735-00343054 are specializing in legal arbitrage
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01431-00343055-00343263 that is the specialized buying
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01432-00343264-00343463 supplemented at the discount in the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01433-00343464-00343591 secondary market
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01434-00343592-00343910 and forcing legally a government to pay
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01435-00343911-00344039 the full amount
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01436-00344040-00344271 so what's the incentive of this type of
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01437-00344272-00344519 asset managers to participate
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01438-00344520-00344743 in the scheme that you are proposing
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01439-00344744-00344943 that's a question that i have
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01440-00344944-00345230 and the legal framework for settling
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01441-00345231-00345334 sovereign debts
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01442-00345335-00345671 are in lower district manhattan courts
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01443-00345672-00345919 which imposes important costs and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01444-00345920-00346030 limitations
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01445-00346031-00346503 on better countries so uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01446-00346504-00346775 given the heterogeneity of debt profiles
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01447-00346776-00346958 and that vulnerability in middle-income
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01448-00346959-00347151 countries and in latin america and the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01449-00347152-00347254 caribbean
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01450-00347255-00347463 and that reduction and restructuring
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01451-00347464-00347575 strategy
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01452-00347576-00347871 should have should avoid a one-sided fit
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01453-00347872-00347919 or
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01454-00347920-00348175 i mean that's that's very important and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01455-00348176-00348367 we have highlighted three lines of
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01456-00348368-00348463 action
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01457-00348464-00348743 all indented economy should benefit from
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01458-00348744-00348967 debt relief or stand stills
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01459-00348968-00349271 uh and and we are even talking here of
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01460-00349272-00349447 high public in deafness like
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01461-00349448-00349823 in the case of argentina 68 of gdp
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01462-00349824-00350151 and the majority of cits barbados belize
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01463-00350152-00350278 bahama
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01464-00350279-00350647 over 117 percent of gdp
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01465-00350648-00350919 so economies facing short-term debt
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01466-00350920-00351047 profiles or high
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01467-00351048-00351343 debt service burden should be entitled
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01468-00351344-00351551 to some type of debt relief
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01469-00351552-00351847 caribbean seats as i said before that
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01470-00351848-00352095 services payments are mounted
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01471-00352096-00352375 to to they have to be reduced so not
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01472-00352376-00352447 only
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01473-00352448-00352751 the debt but also the debt service and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01474-00352752-00352863 in some
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01475-00352864-00353087 middle-income countries climate risks
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01476-00353088-00353295 and green inclusive recovery
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01477-00353296-00353647 is tied as well to disasters and to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01478-00353648-00353967 climate change as you know vulnerability
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01479-00353968-00354030 so
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01480-00354031-00354271 the inclusion of hurricane closes as i
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01481-00354272-00354358 said before
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01482-00354359-00354575 could be very important they were part
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01483-00354576-00354727 of barbados
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01484-00354728-00354919 dead restructuring so we do have
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01485-00354920-00355206 examples granada and barbados included
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01486-00355207-00355271 these
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01487-00355272-00355599 this type of of instruments
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01488-00355600-00355830 and and finally any successful dead
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01489-00355831-00355927 relief
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01490-00355928-00356254 restructuring mechanism requires as i
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01491-00356255-00356447 said at the beginning and with this i
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01492-00356448-00356567 finished
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01493-00356568-00356910 to modify to change to restructure
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01494-00356911-00357175 the international debt architecture
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01495-00357176-00357367 there is a need
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01496-00357368-00357630 where obligations should be there also
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01497-00357631-00357687 for
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01498-00357688-00357999 private creditors otherwise uh it's
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01499-00358000-00358078 going to be
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01500-00358079-00358358 very difficult and we have to consider
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01501-00358359-00358463 that financial
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01502-00358464-00358806 stability is a global public good
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01503-00358807-00359078 that can now be attached to another
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01504-00359079-00359358 public good which is climate security
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01505-00359359-00359719 so welcome your very thoughtful paper
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01506-00359720-00360030 sorry to have taken so long i would be
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01507-00360031-00360254 happy to send my comments in writing
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01508-00360255-00360510 if that if you think are useful over to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01509-00360511-00360719 you stephanie and thank you so much
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01510-00360720-00360999 thank you so much alicia that was very
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01511-00361000-00361071 very
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01512-00361072-00361327 powerful but also very insightful i
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01513-00361328-00361471 think you're very right
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01514-00361472-00361910 that in all the points that you raise
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01515-00361911-00362134 for example on these contingent clauses
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01516-00362135-00362334 for hurricanes i think that's
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01517-00362335-00362647 very interesting experience of barbados
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01518-00362648-00362958 and dominica and uh i think uh we have
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01519-00362959-00363095 to learn much from that
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01520-00363096-00363287 and more generally you made the point
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01521-00363288-00363471 that we were right to look at the brady
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01522-00363472-00363543 plan
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01523-00363544-00363671 because we were trying to look for
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01524-00363672-00363806 precedence because people in the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01525-00363807-00363903 financial sector
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01526-00363904-00364127 always work on precedence but i think
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01527-00364128-00364319 it's very important to also look how
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01528-00364320-00364487 that can be applied
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01529-00364488-00364767 to the different actors like black rocks
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01530-00364768-00364927 and to draw on the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01531-00364928-00365343 bargaining and discussions that
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01532-00365344-00365487 that countries like ecuador and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01533-00365488-00365687 argentina
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01534-00365688-00365967 and thirdly i would just like to stress
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01535-00365968-00366071 that
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01536-00366072-00366295 i think your point about the rating
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01537-00366296-00366391 agencies
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01538-00366392-00366671 is very important because i think and i
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01539-00366672-00366806 see louie nodding
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01540-00366807-00367006 both in particularly i would say in
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01541-00367007-00367199 africa but also very much in latin
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01542-00367200-00367271 america
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01543-00367272-00367478 better countries have to look over their
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01544-00367479-00367734 shoulders and how the rating agencies
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01545-00367735-00368071 will react to any um any request for
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01546-00368072-00368223 debt relief or even
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01547-00368224-00368558 for a postponement of that and therefore
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01548-00368559-00368903 i think regulating properly rating
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01549-00368904-00369182 agencies as you and jose antonio said
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01550-00369183-00369439 and thinking about the possibility of a
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01551-00369440-00369510 public
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01552-00369511-00369823 predicting agency as we we
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01553-00369824-00370151 raised in our paper with moritz i think
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01554-00370152-00370375 have to be put on the table as part of
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01555-00370376-00370599 the international
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01556-00370600-00370887 discussion so now and thanking him for
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01557-00370888-00371063 his great patience
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01558-00371064-00371463 i'm delighted to introduce luiga
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01559-00371464-00371799 and luika sakenda has had again a very
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01560-00371800-00371967 distinguished career
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01561-00371968-00372206 both in his own country and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01562-00372207-00372367 internationally
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01563-00372368-00372599 i i think just to say it more generally
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01564-00372600-00372743 i think louis
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01565-00372744-00373027 is probably one of the best known uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01566-00373028-00373295 macroeconomists in africa
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01567-00373296-00373558 and international about africa so we're
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01568-00373559-00373606 really
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01569-00373607-00373919 delighted to welcome you louis
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01570-00373920-00374239 and also he's had an important career
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01571-00374240-00374495 in the central bank of uganda the bank
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01572-00374496-00374647 of uganda
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01573-00374648-00374975 as head of research as twice
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01574-00374976-00375287 deputy governor but he's also had
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01575-00375288-00375623 an important international experience
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01576-00375624-00375815 as chief economist of the african
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01577-00375816-00375975 development bank
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01578-00375976-00376287 uh as executive director at the world
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01579-00376288-00376439 bank where he was representing
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01580-00376440-00376758 22 african countries and now as
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01581-00376759-00376815 executive
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01582-00376816-00377095 secretary at methme so louis thank you
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01583-00377096-00377310 very much for joining us and looking
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01584-00377311-00377478 very much forward to your
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01585-00377479-00377863 presentation uh thanks a lot uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01586-00377864-00378223 stephanie distinguished invited guests
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01587-00378224-00378527 ladies and gentlemen um i
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01588-00378528-00378863 am uh pleased to join you during the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01589-00378864-00378975 launch of this
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01590-00378976-00379287 report on debt relief for a green
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01591-00379288-00379599 and inclusive recovery initiative
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01592-00379600-00379927 which is taking place at the occasion of
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01593-00379928-00380182 the london climate action week i thank
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01594-00380183-00380375 you professor
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01595-00380376-00380599 griffith jones for inviting me to to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01596-00380600-00380743 deliver some remarks
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01597-00380744-00381071 during this occasion ladies and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01598-00381072-00381167 gentlemen
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01599-00381168-00381502 this report is being launched at a time
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01600-00381503-00381734 when the world is continuing to face
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01601-00381735-00381830 numerous and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01602-00381831-00382134 daunting challenges as a result
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01603-00382135-00382454 of the covet 19 pandemic
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01604-00382455-00382647 the pandemic which was initially thought
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01605-00382648-00382934 to be a health pandemic
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01606-00382935-00383223 has destabilized our health systems it
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01607-00383224-00383454 has destabilized our societies it has
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01608-00383455-00383695 destabilized our economies
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01609-00383696-00384102 significantly about a year and a half
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01610-00384103-00384334 since then we have witnessed
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01611-00384335-00384719 economic contractions and historically
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01612-00384720-00384934 low growth rates in many countries
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01613-00384935-00385078 especially
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01614-00385079-00385423 in sub-saharan africa trade has been
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01615-00385424-00385510 disrupted
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01616-00385511-00385719 domestic revenues and foreign exchange
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01617-00385720-00385823 receipts
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01618-00385824-00386158 have dwindled substantially while
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01619-00386159-00386430 public financing requirements are rising
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01620-00386431-00386630 as part of the government's efforts to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01621-00386631-00386806 contain the pandemic
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01622-00386807-00387110 and protect vulnerable groups for
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01623-00387111-00387247 developing countries
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01624-00387248-00387551 covet 19 pandemic has exposed
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01625-00387552-00387815 the dead and related vulnerabilities
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01626-00387816-00388078 with indicators showing that countries
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01627-00388079-00388423 are sitting on a ticking time bomb
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01628-00388424-00388647 while others are already facing debt
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01629-00388648-00388751 service
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01630-00388752-00388927 challenges i think the charts that were
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01631-00388928-00389239 shared bring it out very clearly
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01632-00389240-00389543 following significant debt cancellations
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01633-00389544-00389743 provided
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01634-00389744-00390030 to some 30 sub-saharan african countries
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01635-00390031-00390223 in the context of heavily
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01636-00390224-00390447 indebted poor countries and the multiple
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01637-00390448-00390823 debt relief initiative in the early
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01638-00390824-00391167 to mid 2000s the median public debt to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01639-00391168-00391399 gdp ratio fell
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01640-00391400-00391799 from about 85 percent in 2001
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01641-00391800-00392134 to 34 percent into 2011.
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01642-00392135-00392367 however the trends show that the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01643-00392368-00392630 countries have taken up more debt
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01644-00392631-00392887 driving the median public debt to gdp
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01645-00392888-00392975 ratio
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01646-00392976-00393447 to about 55 percent by end of 2019
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01647-00393448-00393678 and now the current estimates show that
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01648-00393679-00393887 by the end of 2020
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01649-00393888-00394143 we will be looking at a debt ratio of
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01650-00394144-00394351 about 61
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01651-00394352-00394719 percent to gdp this rapid
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01652-00394720-00394919 this rapid pace of sovereignty
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01653-00394920-00395054 accumulation
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01654-00395055-00395375 is raising concerns among policymakers
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01655-00395376-00395551 the analysts and the international
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01656-00395552-00395767 community
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01657-00395768-00396054 and i think during these presentations
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01658-00396055-00396151 you have all heard
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01659-00396152-00396454 that there is this looming loaning
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01660-00396455-00396734 debt crisis a significant amount of
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01661-00396735-00396878 public resources are there
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01662-00396879-00397239 for being channeled to debt service
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01663-00397240-00397527 as opposed to allocation to other areas
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01664-00397528-00397775 that are critical for attaining
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01665-00397776-00398143 sdgs special education health
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01666-00398144-00398510 and infrastructure the policymakers in
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01667-00398511-00398663 developing countries are facing
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01668-00398664-00398878 significant and practical challenges how
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01669-00398879-00399063 do they deal with the health
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01670-00399064-00399343 social and economic crisis caused by the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01671-00399344-00399510 pandemic at a time
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01672-00399511-00399758 when domestic revenues have dwindled and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01673-00399759-00399967 external financing conditions
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01674-00399968-00400223 remain tight how do they mobilize
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01675-00400224-00400463 resources to meet the other national
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01676-00400464-00400743 development objectives as well as the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01677-00400744-00400878 continental and international
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01678-00400879-00401095 sustainable development goals how do
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01679-00401096-00401247 governments continue
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01680-00401248-00401439 meeting the debt service obligations
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01681-00401440-00401615 while the fiscal space
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01682-00401616-00401927 continues continues to narrow
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01683-00401928-00402206 these are real challenges the launch of
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01684-00402207-00402310 this report
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01685-00402311-00402527 on debt relief for a green and inclusive
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01686-00402528-00402710 recovery initiative this is therefore
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01687-00402711-00402799 timely
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01688-00402800-00403023 as it addresses some of these above
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01689-00403024-00403158 nation challenges
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01690-00403159-00403430 the report presents a practical and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01691-00403431-00403615 comprehensive approach
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01692-00403616-00403943 to deal with key development challenges
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01693-00403944-00404247 facing developing countries the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01694-00404248-00404439 initiative
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01695-00404440-00404663 is premised on the fact that the g20
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01696-00404664-00404863 common framework for debt
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01697-00404864-00405143 treatment will not suffice to tackle the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01698-00405144-00405351 debt problem facing many developing
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01699-00405352-00405734 and emerging economies in this regard
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01700-00405735-00406063 the initiative is anchored on
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01701-00406064-00406295 three pillars it is through these
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01702-00406296-00406502 pillars
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01703-00406503-00406671 through these speeders it is then
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01704-00406672-00406982 visited that resources would be freed
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01705-00406983-00407175 from debt service in order to provide
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01706-00407176-00407447 developing countries with physical space
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01707-00407448-00407719 at a critical time to address the three
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01708-00407720-00407782 crises
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01709-00407783-00408119 that they are facing the health social
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01710-00408120-00408415 and economic crisis the debt crisis the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01711-00408416-00408495 climate
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01712-00408496-00408775 and the environmental as a capacity
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01713-00408776-00408882 building
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01714-00408883-00409134 institution the macro economic and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01715-00409135-00409247 financial management
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01716-00409248-00409454 institute of eastern and southern africa
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01717-00409455-00409607 which is with me
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01718-00409608-00409847 commence you professor griffith jones
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01719-00409847-00410070 and your team for this report
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01720-00410071-00410310 you can count on our support to advance
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01721-00410312-00410399 the proposals
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01722-00410400-00410695 contained therein both at a national and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01723-00410696-00410839 international level
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01724-00410839-00411030 this is the time for the international
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01725-00411031-00411255 community to act decisively
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01726-00411256-00411566 and not to wait for countries to in to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01727-00411567-00411759 to get into higher levels of the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01728-00411760-00411934 distress
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01729-00411935-00412199 i would like to mention a few more areas
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01730-00412200-00412366 that need to be considered as you
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01731-00412367-00412543 finalize the report
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01732-00412543-00412878 firstly there is a need to really look
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01733-00412879-00413166 at the proposed conditionalities of
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01734-00413167-00413430 countries that participate in the debt
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01735-00413431-00413726 relief initiative we can draw on the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01736-00413727-00413974 early experience of the epic initiative
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01737-00413975-00414278 where not many debt stressed countries
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01738-00414279-00414551 benefited from the original framework
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01739-00414552-00414774 which was considered to have conditions
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01740-00414775-00414943 that were challenging
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01741-00414943-00415278 to meet secondly there is
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01742-00415279-00415582 need for the proposed initiative
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01743-00415583-00415895 to provide a reasonable period for
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01744-00415896-00416039 countries to benefit
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01745-00416039-00416270 from debt relief for developing
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01746-00416271-00416374 countries to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01747-00416375-00416670 fully recover from covet 19 pandemic
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01748-00416671-00416887 there is need for creditors to provide
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01749-00416888-00417199 that reef well beyond 2021.
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01750-00417200-00417422 thirdly there is need for the proposed
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01751-00417423-00417559 initiative
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01752-00417560-00417799 to consider practical solutions that
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01753-00417800-00417943 address the domestic
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01754-00417943-00418303 debt burden in some of the countries
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01755-00418304-00418526 domestic debt has increased
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01756-00418527-00418655 significantly
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01757-00418656-00418870 over the years and is characterized by
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01758-00418871-00419022 high interest rates
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01759-00419023-00419407 that pose additional challenges to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01760-00419408-00419687 governments this is exacerbated by the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01761-00419688-00419927 fact that domestic debt markets
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01762-00419928-00420295 are undeveloped and dominated by a few
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01763-00420296-00420631 instruments and institutional investors
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01764-00420632-00420870 fourth there is need for capacity
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01765-00420871-00420943 building
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01766-00420943-00421247 to support this debt relief initiative
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01767-00421247-00421527 especially in areas such as loan
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01768-00421528-00421655 negotiations
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01769-00421656-00421999 and debt restructuring lastly
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01770-00422000-00422207 there is a challenge for all of us there
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01771-00422208-00422422 is need to put in place
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01772-00422423-00422647 long-lasting frameworks for addressing
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01773-00422647-00422727 the issue
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01774-00422728-00422991 of debt burden in developing countries
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01775-00422992-00423247 so that this does not become
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01776-00423247-00423543 a recurring theme in other words how do
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01777-00423543-00423759 we build economic resilience in
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01778-00423760-00423903 developing countries
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01779-00423904-00424207 and move beyond that restructuring when
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01780-00424208-00424310 faced with
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01781-00424312-00424622 pandemics such as covet 19 or other
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01782-00424623-00424822 exogenous shocks
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01783-00424823-00425087 this is a collective responsibility it
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01784-00425088-00425310 is my sincere hope that this report
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01785-00425312-00425559 would also look into these areas
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01786-00425560-00425791 methme looks forward to collaborating
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01787-00425792-00425966 with you in these areas
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01788-00425967-00426399 i thank you for your attention thank you
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01789-00426400-00426718 thank you very much lukas akinder for
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01790-00426719-00427047 very valuable points that you make
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01791-00427047-00427295 and also for your valuable support offer
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01792-00427296-00427407 of support
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01793-00427408-00427607 because if we continue on this path we
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01794-00427608-00427783 would very much like to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01795-00427784-00428031 to collaborate with mafi in in the same
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01796-00428032-00428247 way as we would love to collaborate with
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01797-00428247-00428639 with sepal so i think because time is
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01798-00428639-00428847 running i would now pass
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01799-00428847-00429199 um pass the floor to my
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01800-00429200-00429414 co-author kevin gallagher who will be
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01801-00429415-00429695 chairing the q and a's
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01802-00429696-00429910 but thank you again louie i think it was
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01803-00429912-00430055 very very important
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01804-00430056-00430422 for all the points that you made
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01805-00430423-00430607 thanks stephanie and let me echo my
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01806-00430608-00430759 colleagues uh thanks
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01807-00430760-00431014 and praise to our keynotes and to all of
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01808-00431015-00431143 you in the audience for
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01809-00431143-00431359 for coming today two quick
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01810-00431360-00431559 clarifications before i feel the number
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01811-00431560-00431703 of questions we have a good uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01812-00431704-00431983 15 minutes to have q a uh one i think
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01813-00431984-00432079 it's important to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01814-00432080-00432375 clarify that uh this is no substitute
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01815-00432376-00432495 for a comprehensive
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01816-00432496-00432679 sovereign debt restructuring mechanism
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01817-00432680-00432918 but as alicia barcelona says it's a
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01818-00432919-00433135 it's a stepping stone in a vehicle for
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01819-00433135-00433263 accelerated
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01820-00433264-00433535 uh debt swaps for a green and inclusive
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01821-00433535-00433622 recovery
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01822-00433623-00433966 nor do we see this as the only uh only
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01823-00433967-00434039 solution
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01824-00434039-00434279 to recovering from this crisis and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01825-00434280-00434439 moving forward
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01826-00434439-00434631 we've all been big advocates and noted
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01827-00434632-00434863 in the report for a stepwise increase in
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01828-00434864-00435007 special drawing rights
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01829-00435008-00435199 uh for new concessional and grant
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01830-00435200-00435359 financing that goes to developing
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01831-00435360-00435431 countries
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01832-00435432-00435647 but we also see that debt relief with
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01833-00435647-00435751 real
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01834-00435752-00436143 haircuts and real participation by the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01835-00436143-00436270 private sector to be
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01836-00436271-00436487 one of the key pillars of a multi-prong
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01837-00436488-00436575 policy
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01838-00436576-00436743 and that's what we really propose to you
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01839-00436743-00436991 today uh a uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01840-00436992-00437214 facility that would allow for debt swaps
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01841-00437215-00437391 for green and inclusive recovery
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01842-00437392-00437575 and a specific set of recommendations
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01843-00437576-00437710 and instruments that would bring the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01844-00437712-00437822 private sector
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01845-00437823-00438207 uh into the in into the into the realm
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01846-00438208-00438535 uh in a in a meaningful way uh we know
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01847-00438535-00438647 that the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01848-00438647-00438791 a lot of our speakers today just
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01849-00438792-00438959 reiterated that the math just isn't
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01850-00438960-00439007 there
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01851-00439008-00439310 uh we heard from alicia barcenas that uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01852-00439312-00439591 that we're talking about 59 percent of
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01853-00439592-00439751 revenues is going towards
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01854-00439752-00440022 debt service in nigeria last year that
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01855-00440023-00440118 was 90
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01856-00440119-00440359 and that's just to get to the level of
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01857-00440360-00440510 of fiscal space that
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01858-00440512-00440799 countries had in 2019 but we know that
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01859-00440800-00441022 we need a stepwise mobilization of
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01860-00441023-00441095 capital
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01861-00441096-00441255 to meet our sustainable development
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01862-00441256-00441422 goals and paris climate
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01863-00441423-00441743 uh challenges uh over the next decade so
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01864-00441743-00441943 without these kinds of schemes in place
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01865-00441943-00442135 uh we won't have the pair to meet those
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01866-00442135-00442359 meet those so in that spirit we have a
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01867-00442360-00442510 number of questions i'll try to get to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01868-00442512-00442703 as many of them as we can
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01869-00442704-00443014 um uh and the first one is from
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01870-00443015-00443366 is from whoops he just uh deleted it
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01871-00443367-00443679 there was one by a uh by a gentleman
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01872-00443680-00443710 that
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01873-00443712-00444031 that had said um what if uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01874-00444032-00444255 what if the in this scheme a debt
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01875-00444256-00444447 sustainability analysis which is done
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01876-00444447-00444703 more properly than those currently done
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01877-00444704-00444959 deems a country to be uh under debt
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01878-00444960-00445022 distress
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01879-00445023-00445287 and eligible for this program however a
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01880-00445288-00445407 credit rating agency
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01881-00445408-00445607 still might do its own analysis and see
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01882-00445608-00445735 a country in in
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01883-00445735-00445910 to be in good shape how would we
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01884-00445912-00446087 reconcile the two of those that might be
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01885-00446088-00446231 a good question for
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01886-00446232-00446614 uh for for moritz um
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01887-00446615-00446918 uh uh miriam vander stakshel
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01888-00446919-00447191 asks uh how will your proposals avoid
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01889-00447192-00447375 that they are fully in line
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01890-00447376-00447575 with private sectors development of the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01891-00447576-00447814 sdg financial market instruments
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01892-00447815-00448103 which includes many new dead instruments
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01893-00448104-00448207 um
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01894-00448208-00448455 there was a question by a peter richter
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01895-00448456-00448639 uh which i think i'll take during the q
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01896-00448639-00448751 a which is uh what
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01897-00448752-00449007 uh you speak a lot about private
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01898-00449008-00449175 bondholders here but uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01899-00449176-00449399 chinese commercial actors are also a big
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01900-00449400-00449614 part of the debt situation in in certain
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01901-00449615-00449695 countries
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01902-00449696-00449887 uh how how could they participate in
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01903-00449888-00450095 this scheme i will uh i will discuss
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01904-00450096-00450270 that one in the q a
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01905-00450271-00450591 um a specific one for uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01906-00450592-00450999 uh for champion akhtar um uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01907-00451000-00451366 from maliha mimi bangash who says what
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01908-00451367-00451439 specific
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01909-00451439-00451647 and concrete measures might pakistan
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01910-00451647-00451743 need to take to be
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01911-00451743-00451927 eligible to this for this particular
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01912-00451928-00452135 scheme uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01913-00452135-00452422 motaka azawa asks what are some of the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01914-00452423-00452647 inclusive policies we talked a lot about
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01915-00452647-00452855 green here she's echoing what jose
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01916-00452856-00453031 antonio campos said who
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01917-00453032-00453255 hopes that it should have said inclusive
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01918-00453256-00453343 and green
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01919-00453343-00453487 what are some of the cornerstone
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01920-00453488-00453663 inclusive kinds of policies that we'd
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01921-00453664-00453799 want to see uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01922-00453800-00454007 in some of these and finally bernd
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01923-00454008-00454143 leuderman asks
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01924-00454143-00454351 can you get a little bit more specific
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01925-00454352-00454535 about what some of the sticks that you
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01926-00454535-00454718 would recommend for the private sector
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01927-00454719-00454887 you talk about the carrots
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01928-00454888-00455103 the guarantee facility please get more
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01929-00455104-00455318 specific about some of the sticks
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01930-00455319-00455503 so if we could start with why don't we
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01931-00455504-00455759 uh start with uh with shamshot and uli
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01932-00455760-00455927 and then see if any of the other authors
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01933-00455928-00455966 uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01934-00455967-00456207 want to uh respond to any of them maybe
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01935-00456208-00456391 more it's on the credit ratings in me on
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01936-00456392-00456470 china
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01937-00456471-00457303 uh we'll start with sean chet
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01938-00457304-00457551 thank you kevin for those list of
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01939-00457552-00457710 questions i'll just take
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01940-00457712-00458087 what has been floated by a pakistani
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01941-00458088-00458383 colleague
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01942-00458384-00458751 pakistan has a very high external
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01943-00458752-00458999 debt position but it's real issues with
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01944-00459000-00459135 the domestic
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01945-00459135-00459510 debt too so focusing on external debt
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01946-00459512-00459807 i think pakistan has undoubtedly been
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01947-00459808-00459910 beneficiary
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01948-00459912-00460222 of the dssi but
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01949-00460223-00460614 it has not extended a request
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01950-00460615-00460943 for debt restructuring under the common
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01951-00460943-00461503 uh framework debt agreement
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01952-00461504-00461814 obviously if it does so it will
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01953-00461815-00462143 impact not only its country rating
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01954-00462143-00462510 but also the new issues that it
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01955-00462512-00462839 is floating will be priced higher
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01956-00462839-00463214 than otherwise pakistan has resisted to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01957-00463215-00463439 do that because it went to the market
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01958-00463439-00463614 very recently
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01959-00463615-00463863 and one of the big new things that
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01960-00463864-00464031 pakistan has done
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01961-00464032-00464407 is to float a green ball for
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01962-00464408-00464743 a hydro project so it's gone
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01963-00464743-00465063 it's breaking broken some new grounds
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01964-00465064-00465463 and its issue has been over subscribed
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01965-00465464-00465775 so in some senses i would compliment
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01966-00465776-00466199 that government's student
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01967-00466200-00466447 thinking and strategy has helped us
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01968-00466447-00466535 helped it
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01969-00466535-00466847 to raise issues well before the interest
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01970-00466847-00466903 rates
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01971-00466904-00467151 are going to rise and when interest
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01972-00467152-00467222 rates
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01973-00467223-00467583 go up it is going to be more difficult
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01974-00467584-00467687 for pakistan
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01975-00467688-00468095 to service its debt because the previous
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01976-00468096-00468463 dssi has helped it to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01977-00468464-00468903 repay its debt now one last thing
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01978-00468904-00469287 pakistan is an is in an imf program
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01979-00469288-00469535 so i'm sure pakistan is getting its
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01980-00469535-00469839 advice from the fund program too
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01981-00469839-00470175 on what to do next
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01982-00470176-00470510 but it has recently announced
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01983-00470512-00470847 a very ambitious
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01984-00470847-00471166 growth package which is full of tax
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01985-00471167-00471295 incentives
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01986-00471296-00471647 and also is a very inclusive budget the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01987-00471647-00471822 expert advisory
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01988-00471823-00472014 council of the prime minister whose
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01989-00472015-00472303 member i am personally right now
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01990-00472304-00472655 has packaged a very good emphasis
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01991-00472656-00472991 on the inclusive side my advice to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01992-00472992-00473183 pakistan government is to go
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01993-00473184-00473559 big on renewable energy it has a very
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01994-00473560-00473766 ambitious good program it's announced
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01995-00473767-00473887 its renewable
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01996-00473888-00474207 energy policy and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01997-00474208-00474614 if we can link the future
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01998-00474615-00474935 debt restructuring if they if they wish
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-01999-00474935-00475039 to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02000-00475039-00475335 seek for it and if they are able to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02001-00475335-00475463 extend
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02002-00475464-00475759 their imf program i think they need to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02003-00475760-00475999 really strengthen
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02004-00476000-00476239 their investment program to have more
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02005-00476239-00476487 inclusive and resilient
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02006-00476488-00476710 growth they are going for growth but
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02007-00476712-00476870 they need to emphasize
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02008-00476871-00477263 resilient and climate-friendly growth
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02009-00477264-00477439 prime minister himself
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02010-00477439-00477727 has launched a range of initiatives and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02011-00477728-00477951 he's also a steering
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02012-00477952-00478231 a member of the steering committee
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02013-00478232-00478479 himself of a pakistan environment fund
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02014-00478480-00478559 so there is
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02015-00478560-00478822 a political commitment that he has which
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02016-00478823-00479039 will help move forward in
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02017-00479039-00479247 pushing for the climate agenda and for
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02018-00479247-00479383 cop 26
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02019-00479384-00479631 presentation of pakistan over to you
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02020-00479632-00479847 kevin
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02021-00479847-00480063 thanks um thanks so much i'm chad um
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02022-00480064-00480335 moritz
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02023-00480335-00480518 yeah i think you tossed the question to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02024-00480519-00480766 me about the rating agencies because um
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02025-00480767-00481022 as some of you will know i'm i left the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02026-00481023-00481191 sovereign ratings team at s p
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02027-00481192-00481510 uh for almost two decades um and i would
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02028-00481512-00481591 say um
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02029-00481592-00481895 sort of with with this background
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02030-00481896-00482070 that we shouldn't spend all this much
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02031-00482071-00482295 thought about rating agencies uh whether
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02032-00482296-00482462 rating agency
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02033-00482463-00482766 will um downgrade or not in the creator
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02034-00482767-00482943 scheme of things doesn't really make a
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02035-00482943-00483127 difference the question was what happens
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02036-00483128-00483303 if the imf decides
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02037-00483304-00483607 there is a sustainability problem and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02038-00483608-00483862 the rating agency says no it's all fine
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02039-00483863-00484087 the agencies have no jurisdiction i mean
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02040-00484088-00484222 there are private companies
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02041-00484223-00484447 they voice their opinions sometimes
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02042-00484447-00484639 they're right sometimes they're wrong
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02043-00484639-00484814 uh depending on what you mean with right
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02044-00484815-00485031 or wrong um but they they don't really
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02045-00485032-00485239 have any say in this and it's also
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02046-00485239-00485422 probably a quite unlikely
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02047-00485423-00485695 um event that rating agencies would be
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02048-00485696-00485743 um
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02049-00485743-00485951 sort of more optimistic than the imf
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02050-00485952-00486110 which is sort of perennially
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02051-00486112-00486414 optimistic in the past so i would
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02052-00486415-00486695 really sort of encourage everyone not to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02053-00486696-00486918 bark up that tree it doesn't make such a
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02054-00486919-00487095 big difference
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02055-00487096-00487318 a rating agency will have to declare
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02056-00487319-00487470 default if there's a restructuring
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02057-00487471-00487622 that's the definition
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02058-00487623-00487927 um but it doesn't matter that much uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02059-00487928-00488070 you know once you have the restructuring
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02060-00488071-00488191 under the belt you have a stronger
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02061-00488192-00488270 balance sheet
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02062-00488271-00488495 you'll be more credit worthy life will
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02063-00488496-00488670 be better so don't worry about
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02064-00488671-00489079 uh you know getting getting a downgrade
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02065-00489080-00489335 this will happen but it doesn't really
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02066-00489335-00489422 impact
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02067-00489423-00489575 the future of the country and we
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02068-00489576-00489895 shouldn't allow certain
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02069-00489896-00490175 investors to cultivate these scare
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02070-00490176-00490359 stories about the damage that raiding
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02071-00490360-00490535 agencies can do i've seen it for two
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02072-00490535-00490983 decades they can't
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02073-00490984-00491191 thank you i'll respond to the to the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02074-00491192-00491303 china question by
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02075-00491304-00491607 by peter richter um
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02076-00491608-00491855 you know peter peter asks uh he says
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02077-00491856-00491959 gosh um
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02078-00491960-00492214 how to deal with china because he says
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02079-00492215-00492399 that uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02080-00492400-00492710 that they are uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02081-00492712-00492991 you know squeezing countries into uh you
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02082-00492992-00493143 know taking their collateral
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02083-00493143-00493318 first that you know that that's not true
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02084-00493319-00493527 under the dssi and the common framework
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02085-00493528-00493647 china's
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02086-00493647-00493999 uh thus far has has negotiated
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02087-00494000-00494214 most more debt than the paris club and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02088-00494215-00494391 and obviously the private sector is not
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02089-00494392-00494607 engaged uh hardly at all
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02090-00494608-00494935 we see china as core to this scheme uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02091-00494935-00495110 china's commercial commercial banks
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02092-00495112-00495335 which are a significant portion of some
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02093-00495335-00495495 of the debt but to put it all
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02094-00495496-00495703 in perspective first we have to realize
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02095-00495704-00495822 if you look at emerging market in
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02096-00495823-00496007 developing countries the lion's share of
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02097-00496008-00496047 it is
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02098-00496047-00496262 with private bondholders uh for the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02099-00496263-00496439 low-income countries it's
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02100-00496439-00496607 largely the international financial
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02101-00496608-00496822 institutions and bilateral debt of which
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02102-00496823-00497022 china is the largest in the bilateral
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02103-00497023-00497103 piece
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02104-00497104-00497447 uh often some of those uh sort of basic
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02105-00497447-00497622 basic picture isn't isn't looked at
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02106-00497623-00497807 there so if you go back to the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02107-00497808-00498127 to the brady scheme the chinese
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02108-00498128-00498447 investors are are sort of the key here
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02109-00498447-00498679 because all of the chinese data are
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02110-00498680-00498831 long-run bank loans
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02111-00498832-00499087 uh unlike the bond holders obviously so
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02112-00499088-00499247 if you go back to the brady era
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02113-00499247-00499455 what what makes this uh perhaps
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02114-00499456-00499631 particularly attractive on the china
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02115-00499632-00499703 side
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02116-00499704-00499883 is that china can convert some of those
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02117-00499884-00500022 long-run uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02118-00500023-00500375 bank loans into bonds that will
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02119-00500376-00500583 allow them to uh you know after the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02120-00500584-00500766 haircut that comes out of the enhanced
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02121-00500767-00500887 dsa
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02122-00500888-00501039 that would be beneficial for china
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02123-00501039-00501135 because it would reduce the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02124-00501135-00501391 concentration risk that their current uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02125-00501392-00501583 commercial bank loans have right now
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02126-00501584-00501743 right now they're very exposed to a
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02127-00501743-00501799 handful
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02128-00501800-00502031 six or seven countries or about half of
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02129-00502032-00502175 their overseas debt
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02130-00502176-00502487 um by swapping that out and converting
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02131-00502488-00502655 those into bonds they can sell those
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02132-00502656-00502799 bonds on on secondary
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02133-00502800-00503070 markets uh and also uh with the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02134-00503071-00503207 guarantee facility
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02135-00503208-00503414 uh see the guarantee that they'll be
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02136-00503415-00503607 getting that financing back
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02137-00503608-00503839 um so we really think that this uh this
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02138-00503839-00503999 is this is a scheme that works for
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02139-00504000-00504191 commercial banks which in the west there
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02140-00504192-00504255 isn't a
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02141-00504256-00504431 huge amount of commercial bank debt out
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02142-00504432-00504566 there in in the emerging market in
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02143-00504567-00504655 developing
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02144-00504656-00504951 uh countries the bulk of those uh bank
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02145-00504952-00505022 loans are
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02146-00505023-00505255 are on the china side but in the private
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02147-00505256-00505366 sector
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02148-00505367-00505622 uh this scheme is is really key for for
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02149-00505623-00505759 bondholders as well
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02150-00505760-00505975 but china is particular we would hope
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02151-00505976-00506239 that china al also plays a role in this
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02152-00506239-00506383 uh building on the leadership that
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02153-00506384-00506575 they've played on the dssi
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02154-00506576-00506918 thank you uh stephanie yeah i just
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02155-00506919-00507047 wanted to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02156-00507047-00507359 complement uh what moritz has said
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02157-00507360-00507543 um i think the different views on the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02158-00507543-00507670 rating agencies
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02159-00507671-00507927 and uh um although he's very
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02160-00507928-00508014 knowledgeable
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02161-00508015-00508310 um he may be his views may be shaped a
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02162-00508312-00508431 little bit by
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02163-00508432-00508807 his previous work so i i think
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02164-00508808-00509087 it's very important to listen both to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02165-00509088-00509199 the developing
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02166-00509200-00509487 better countries and emerging countries
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02167-00509488-00509695 and to their creditors
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02168-00509696-00510031 and though it's not the only factor
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02169-00510032-00510295 uh obviously credit rating agencies i
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02170-00510296-00510495 think they are an important factor
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02171-00510496-00510679 and it's very strange to have an
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02172-00510680-00510903 institution which is part of this
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02173-00510904-00511103 international financial architecture as
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02174-00511104-00511222 alicia said
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02175-00511223-00511510 which has a big influence and which is
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02176-00511512-00511679 not properly regulated
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02177-00511680-00511870 till the global financial crisis they
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02178-00511871-00512079 weren't regulated at all
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02179-00512080-00512375 and of course the initial reason why
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02180-00512376-00512447 these
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02181-00512447-00512718 rating agents were created and the idea
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02182-00512719-00512807 of rating was
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02183-00512808-00513143 to stabilize markets so if they do have
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02184-00513143-00513455 uh cyclical im sorry pro cyclical
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02185-00513456-00513566 impacts
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02186-00513567-00513814 um as jose antonio argue is there is
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02187-00513815-00514007 quite a lot of evidence for
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02188-00514008-00514191 i think that there is a need for
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02189-00514192-00514310 international
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02190-00514312-00514679 uh regulation also uh because most of
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02191-00514680-00514887 the strongest regulators
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02192-00514888-00515103 are in the developed countries and as
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02193-00515104-00515295 moritz himself
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02194-00515296-00515559 told me in the developed countries have
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02195-00515560-00515743 been very few downgrade during the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02196-00515743-00515951 covert crisis because the regulators
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02197-00515952-00516039 have
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02198-00516039-00516462 informally or even in the press told
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02199-00516463-00516718 told rating ages not to downgrade
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02200-00516719-00516822 development
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02201-00516823-00517014 but there hasn't been that kind of
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02202-00517015-00517183 influence by
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02203-00517184-00517383 regulators in developing countries
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02204-00517384-00517622 because they're much weaker
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02205-00517623-00517879 and their influence is much smaller on
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02206-00517880-00518031 the rating agents which are all of
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02207-00518032-00518103 course
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02208-00518104-00518270 based in the north and particularly in
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02209-00518271-00518518 the us so i think the case
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02210-00518519-00518910 for both or either regulating
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02211-00518912-00519231 tightly these important agents
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02212-00519232-00519622 and or having an international public
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02213-00519623-00519903 agency that also does rating
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02214-00519904-00520110 is a compliment particularly for the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02215-00520112-00520214 long term
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02216-00520215-00520527 as we said in the paper with moritz i
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02217-00520528-00520575 think
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02218-00520576-00520959 would play an important role in reducing
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02219-00520960-00521014 uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02220-00521015-00521303 in facilitating debt relief particularly
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02221-00521304-00521527 with the private credits because if not
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02222-00521528-00521847 there is this barrier um we can say
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02223-00521847-00522031 that that that the government should
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02224-00522032-00522151 ignore radiation
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02225-00522152-00522310 but they know that the creditors are
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02226-00522312-00522535 looking at it so it's very difficult for
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02227-00522535-00522679 them to ignore so i think
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02228-00522680-00522887 i think this is an area for for further
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02229-00522888-00523087 study and i think it's very important
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02230-00523088-00523143 that
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02231-00523143-00523439 the united nations for example is taking
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02232-00523439-00523591 at a high level is taking
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02233-00523592-00523807 a lot of interest in this thank you
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02234-00523808-00523999 thanks a lot thanks a lot stephanie and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02235-00524000-00524214 uh we'll let ooly have the last word uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02236-00524215-00524527 for the webinar and to close us up well
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02237-00524528-00524662 thank you i just would like to to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02238-00524663-00524879 quickly respond to to van luermann's
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02239-00524880-00525118 question regarding the sticks
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02240-00525119-00525287 first of all i think it's important that
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02241-00525288-00525503 we have a credible scenario
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02242-00525504-00525799 where uh the imf and mdps make clear
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02243-00525800-00526014 that they're not going to bail out
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02244-00526015-00526343 their private creditors so if for the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02245-00526344-00526551 in the case that that sustainability
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02246-00526552-00526647 assessment
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02247-00526648-00526807 suggests that a country's debt is not
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02248-00526808-00527031 sustainable uh but then
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02249-00527032-00527279 beyond that the kind of moral situation
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02250-00527280-00527439 and and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02251-00527440-00527679 regulatory measures that are alluded to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02252-00527680-00527895 there's actually a rich history of that
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02253-00527896-00528143 so during the debt restructurings of the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02254-00528144-00528431 during the brady period in the 1990s
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02255-00528432-00528879 um supervisors uh finance ministries
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02256-00528880-00529191 were quite engaged in getting financial
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02257-00529192-00529551 institutions to the table um
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02258-00529552-00529822 the imf uh at some point held back
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02259-00529823-00530022 emergency financing
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02260-00530023-00530318 uh there have been tax incentives there
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02261-00530319-00530431 have been
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02262-00530432-00530735 uh you know there have been pressure uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02263-00530736-00530999 kind of um as i said moral situation you
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02264-00531000-00531135 know kind of um
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02265-00531136-00531343 if you don't comply we may come come
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02266-00531344-00531455 around
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02267-00531456-00531670 for a more more comprehensive uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02268-00531671-00531879 supervisory analysis and so on
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02269-00531880-00532070 so there are ways and and uh there have
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02270-00532071-00532214 been also executive orders
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02271-00532215-00532462 uh from from u.s president for example
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02272-00532463-00532631 regarding debt restructuring
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02273-00532632-00532935 uh in iraq um so there are precedents
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02274-00532936-00532959 and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02275-00532960-00533383 and the past debt restructurings have
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02276-00533384-00533566 shown that if there is a strong
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02277-00533567-00533718 political will
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02278-00533719-00533918 from the major advanced countries then
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02279-00533919-00534135 then uh there are ways to to get the
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02280-00534136-00534214 private
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02281-00534215-00534543 creditors to the table and i hand back
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02282-00534544-00534575 to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02283-00534576-00534759 i don't know kevin or stephanie to wrap
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02284-00534760-00534951 it up thank you
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02285-00534952-00535255 i think alicia wants to make a comment i
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02286-00535256-00535287 see
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02287-00535288-00535551 very very quickly stephanie thank you so
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02288-00535552-00535631 much
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02289-00535632-00535887 the reason why credit rating agencies
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02290-00535888-00535935 for us
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02291-00535936-00536199 is such a big issue is because
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02292-00536200-00536303 downgrading
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02293-00536304-00536607 increases the cost of capital of
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02294-00536608-00536927 interest to financing and uh and that's
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02295-00536928-00537079 the problem that is
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02296-00537080-00537351 i mean it's done in a moment where i
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02297-00537352-00537431 think it's very
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02298-00537432-00537679 inappropriate where countries need a lot
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02299-00537680-00537862 of support financially and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02300-00537863-00538159 the cost is increasing at the rate of
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02301-00538160-00538279 downgrades
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02302-00538280-00538511 from the from the credit rating agency
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02303-00538512-00538695 so i think it has to be reviewed i
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02304-00538696-00538927 agree that maybe not to spend so much
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02305-00538928-00539039 time on it and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02306-00539040-00539255 and the second comment very quickly is
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02307-00539256-00539407 that i believe that
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02308-00539408-00539718 to have a real green recovery
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02309-00539719-00540014 package what we need to do is to attach
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02310-00540015-00540247 to each of these projects
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02311-00540248-00540655 the number of jobs that will be created
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02312-00540656-00540927 the number and the quality of jobs this
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02313-00540928-00541175 is an exercise we have done in net clock
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02314-00541176-00541495 to find out if we go from transitioning
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02315-00541496-00541839 electricity to renewables how many jobs
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02316-00541840-00541959 could be created
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02317-00541960-00542295 of which quality and and also
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02318-00542296-00542566 how much how many emissions could be
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02319-00542567-00542647 reduced
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02320-00542648-00542839 and we have an exercise that if we
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02321-00542840-00543047 invest 1.3
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02322-00543048-00543351 in this in this sector electricity we
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02323-00543352-00543439 can generate
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02324-00543440-00543783 seven million jobs and we could reduce
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02325-00543784-00543870 emissions
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02326-00543871-00544207 at 30 percent per year so we have to do
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02327-00544208-00544366 these figures because uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02328-00544367-00544535 and and these connections is not only
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02329-00544536-00544766 sustainability sustainability attached
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02330-00544767-00544887 to equality
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02331-00544888-00545199 and the the the master key for equality
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02332-00545200-00545295 is jobs
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02333-00545296-00545662 that are well paid thank you stephanie
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02334-00545663-00545814 thank you very much and thank you for
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02335-00545815-00546055 the invitation i truly enjoyed
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02336-00546056-00546366 the the webinar that's great thanks for
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02337-00546367-00546575 all your valuable contributions
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02338-00546576-00546862 i don't know if somebody has very urgent
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02339-00546863-00546927 uh
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02340-00546928-00547079 would like to say something i wonder
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02341-00547080-00547255 whether for example louis would like to
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02342-00547256-00547351 say something
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02343-00547352-00547655 if he's still with us um i
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02344-00547656-00547918 i am uh i'm still with you no i'm not
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02345-00547919-00548070 adding on anything thanks a lot
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02346-00548071-00548247 stephanie and thanks a lot for inviting
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02347-00548248-00548359 me
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02348-00548360-00548535 thank you very much i don't know what if
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02349-00548536-00548775 you want the last word
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02350-00548776-00549039 no i'd like to to thank everyone for for
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02351-00549040-00549199 joining and
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02352-00549200-00549359 we do hope that this will really make a
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02353-00549360-00549503 contribution to the discussion
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02354-00549504-00549831 and we very much believe we need
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02355-00549832-00550151 more action on this and and this is part
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02356-00550152-00550270 of the bigger picture
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02357-00550271-00550591 and hopefully we'll see countries being
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02358-00550592-00550743 put in a position where they can really
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02359-00550744-00550918 achieve
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02360-00550919-00551311 i i now take jose antonio's order
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02361-00551312-00551718 um an inclusive social just
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02362-00551719-00552022 and also green and resilient recovery so
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02363-00552023-00552151 thanks so much everyone
+UKxuo2rNSnQ-02364-00552152-00552519 and really appreciate
+UKS56OoIK8U-00000-00001096-00001127 hi
+UKS56OoIK8U-00001-00001128-00001431 everyone my name is mr subhagrid and i'm
+UKS56OoIK8U-00002-00001432-00001614 live suck
+UKS56OoIK8U-00003-00001616-00001895 i am thai and studying at berkshire
+UKS56OoIK8U-00004-00001896-00002039 community college
+UKS56OoIK8U-00005-00002039-00002367 in pittsfield the united states today
+UKS56OoIK8U-00006-00002368-00002679 i am going to talk about how autism
+UKS56OoIK8U-00007-00002680-00003039 has challenged me as i had
+UKS56OoIK8U-00008-00003040-00003438 autism challenges since i was a child
+UKS56OoIK8U-00009-00003439-00003743 it has made me feel sensitive to
+UKS56OoIK8U-00010-00003744-00004167 loud noises and crops most of the people
+UKS56OoIK8U-00011-00004168-00004559 may like staying in the crowded areas
+UKS56OoIK8U-00012-00004560-00004895 things in common like sunset halls
+UKS56OoIK8U-00013-00004896-00005247 sports stadiums and theaters but
+UKS56OoIK8U-00014-00005248-00005551 those are not for me
+UKS56OoIK8U-00015-00005552-00005863 when i am feeling like it's too loud for
+UKS56OoIK8U-00016-00005864-00005895 me
+UKS56OoIK8U-00017-00005896-00006231 in most situations i told people
+UKS56OoIK8U-00018-00006232-00006559 around me that i am very sensitive to
+UKS56OoIK8U-00019-00006559-00006687 loud noises
+UKS56OoIK8U-00020-00006688-00006998 then i asked for excuse and move into
+UKS56OoIK8U-00021-00007000-00007287 the alternate room to find my comfort
+UKS56OoIK8U-00022-00007288-00007455 and put my headphones
+UKS56OoIK8U-00023-00007456-00007919 on when i'm in a quiet area
+UKS56OoIK8U-00024-00007920-00008223 i feel like i can better handle my loud
+UKS56OoIK8U-00025-00008224-00008455 noises sensitivity
+UKS56OoIK8U-00026-00008456-00008863 and manage my anxiety very well
+UKS56OoIK8U-00027-00008864-00009883 this is for the introduction about
+UKS56OoIK8U-00028-00009884-00010191 me
+UKS56OoIK8U-00029-00010192-00010527 today i am going to talk about my autism
+UKS56OoIK8U-00030-00010528-00010646 challenges
+UKS56OoIK8U-00031-00010647-00010919 that relates to the inter communication
+UKS56OoIK8U-00032-00010920-00011006 style
+UKS56OoIK8U-00033-00011007-00011542 that i've learned from the class
+UKS56OoIK8U-00034-00011543-00011878 first quotation monitoring
+UKS56OoIK8U-00035-00011879-00012151 non-verbal behaviors is another
+UKS56OoIK8U-00036-00012152-00012399 excellent way to keep in touch
+UKS56OoIK8U-00037-00012400-00012663 with your feelings you can also
+UKS56OoIK8U-00038-00012664-00012846 recognize your emotions
+UKS56OoIK8U-00039-00012847-00013166 by monitoring your thoughts as well as
+UKS56OoIK8U-00040-00013168-00013566 the verbal messages you send to others
+UKS56OoIK8U-00041-00013568-00013775 this quote is from the interplay
+UKS56OoIK8U-00042-00013776-00014003 textbook on page
+UKS56OoIK8U-00043-00014004-00014366 239 nonverbal behaviors
+UKS56OoIK8U-00044-00014368-00014663 are how they can draw gestures getting
+UKS56OoIK8U-00045-00014663-00014847 in a5 poster
+UKS56OoIK8U-00046-00014847-00015207 good eye contact and tone of voice
+UKS56OoIK8U-00047-00015208-00015471 the quote explains that one of the
+UKS56OoIK8U-00048-00015472-00015703 challenging situations
+UKS56OoIK8U-00049-00015704-00016119 of mine was sound sensitivity
+UKS56OoIK8U-00050-00016119-00016455 when i heard loud noises like crowded
+UKS56OoIK8U-00051-00016456-00016575 people
+UKS56OoIK8U-00052-00016576-00017007 constructions drills and fire alarms
+UKS56OoIK8U-00053-00017008-00017607 i tend to have myself uncontrollable
+UKS56OoIK8U-00054-00017608-00017911 i felt anxious and had fear
+UKS56OoIK8U-00055-00017912-00018283 sometimes i screamed very loud and ran
+UKS56OoIK8U-00056-00018284-00018422 away
+UKS56OoIK8U-00057-00018423-00018807 which it may not mean appropriate
+UKS56OoIK8U-00058-00018808-00019150 when i grew up older i have learned
+UKS56OoIK8U-00059-00019151-00019535 so many ways to control myself
+UKS56OoIK8U-00060-00019536-00019871 and better manage by non-verbal
+UKS56OoIK8U-00061-00019872-00020279 gestures such as
+UKS56OoIK8U-00062-00020280-00020614 reading techniques using a noise
+UKS56OoIK8U-00063-00020615-00020927 cancellation headphones
+UKS56OoIK8U-00064-00020928-00021255 and also ear blocks as well
+UKS56OoIK8U-00065-00021256-00021599 and finding in a quiet place
+UKS56OoIK8U-00066-00021600-00021886 nearby to calm myself down in
+UKS56OoIK8U-00067-00021887-00022311 appropriate way
+UKS56OoIK8U-00068-00022312-00022639 second quotation despite
+UKS56OoIK8U-00069-00022640-00022999 its advantages a tax oriented
+UKS56OoIK8U-00070-00023000-00023319 patient may alienate others
+UKS56OoIK8U-00071-00023320-00023703 when it seems to ignore their feelings
+UKS56OoIK8U-00072-00023704-00023903 this quote is from the interplay
+UKS56OoIK8U-00073-00023904-00024007 textbook
+UKS56OoIK8U-00074-00024008-00024439 on page 199
+UKS56OoIK8U-00075-00024440-00024783 tax oriented people means that they
+UKS56OoIK8U-00076-00024784-00025063 need to complete the task like in a
+UKS56OoIK8U-00077-00025064-00025183 larger project
+UKS56OoIK8U-00078-00025184-00025622 or adwords that it needs to be done
+UKS56OoIK8U-00079-00025623-00026206 with less concern of others feeling
+UKS56OoIK8U-00080-00026207-00026574 this is my listening style as i tend to
+UKS56OoIK8U-00081-00026575-00026623 listen
+UKS56OoIK8U-00082-00026624-00027007 to know what to be completed and i don't
+UKS56OoIK8U-00083-00027008-00027343 like long conversations
+UKS56OoIK8U-00084-00027344-00027670 i have more understanding over
+UKS56OoIK8U-00085-00027672-00027983 physical things rather than the abstract
+UKS56OoIK8U-00086-00027983-00028095 thing
+UKS56OoIK8U-00087-00028095-00028439 my challenge is missing essential
+UKS56OoIK8U-00088-00028439-00028743 information and easily
+UKS56OoIK8U-00089-00028744-00029079 losing the concentrations for long
+UKS56OoIK8U-00090-00029080-00029390 listening that's why i need more time
+UKS56OoIK8U-00091-00029391-00029718 to comprehend the information that
+UKS56OoIK8U-00092-00029719-00030031 i listen to until now
+UKS56OoIK8U-00093-00030032-00030279 i am trying to improve my listening
+UKS56OoIK8U-00094-00030280-00030367 skills by
+UKS56OoIK8U-00095-00030368-00030727 replaying the lectures and taking notes
+UKS56OoIK8U-00096-00030727-00031414 on the important information
+UKS56OoIK8U-00097-00031416-00031718 in conclusion being sensitive to
+UKS56OoIK8U-00098-00031719-00032055 loud noises sometimes can be challenging
+UKS56OoIK8U-00099-00032056-00032439 but manageable it is good to know that i
+UKS56OoIK8U-00100-00032439-00032470 have
+UKS56OoIK8U-00101-00032472-00032871 a task oriented listening style
+UKS56OoIK8U-00102-00032872-00033223 and it helps me fulfill my tasks
+UKS56OoIK8U-00103-00033224-00033559 with a focus for its completion
+UKS56OoIK8U-00104-00033560-00033871 however i should care for others feeling
+UKS56OoIK8U-00105-00033872-00034087 as well
+UKS56OoIK8U-00106-00034088-00034399 thank you for listening so if you need
+UKS56OoIK8U-00107-00034400-00034607 to follow up my channel please subscribe
+UKS56OoIK8U-00108-00034608-00034702 for more video
+UKS56OoIK8U-00109-00034703-00034999 and stay tuned thank you so much and see
+UKS56OoIK8U-00110-00035000-00035031 you
+UKS56OoIK8U-00111-00035032-00035361 and have a great day
+UKS56OoIK8U-00112-00035362-00036702 [Music]
+UKS56OoIK8U-00113-00036703-00036912 you
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00000-00000592-00000719 greetings and welcome to the
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00001-00000720-00000958 introduction to astronomy one of the
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00002-00000959-00001135 things that i like to do in each of my
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00003-00001136-00001335 introductory astronomy classes is to
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00004-00001336-00001527 begin the class with the astronomy
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00005-00001528-00001663 picture of the day
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00006-00001664-00001830 from the nasa website that is
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00007-00001832-00002159 apod.nasa.gov
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00008-00002160-00002310 apod
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00009-00002311-00002599 and today's picture for july 31st of
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00010-00002600-00002791 2022
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00011-00002792-00003134 well it is titled starburst galaxy m94
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00012-00003135-00003295 from hubble
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00013-00003296-00003599 so what do we see here well we do see an
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00014-00003600-00003903 example of a spiral galaxy and we can
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00015-00003904-00004143 see the central core almost centered on
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00016-00004144-00004319 the image and then the spiral arms
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00017-00004320-00004599 stretching away and the dark dust lane
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00018-00004600-00004799 and star clouds that are associated with
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00019-00004800-00004886 them
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00020-00004887-00005063 however this is an example of what we
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00021-00005064-00005335 call a starburst galaxy which as you
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00022-00005336-00005518 might guess from the name is undergoing
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00023-00005519-00005831 a burst of star formation now it's not
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00024-00005832-00006047 completely throughout the galaxy it
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00025-00006048-00006295 seems to be concentrated in a ring of
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00026-00006296-00006614 material so we see very few of these
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00027-00006615-00006855 young stars towards the central regions
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00028-00006856-00007095 of the galaxy and we see a whole big
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00029-00007095-00007270 ring of them there and then in the outer
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00030-00007272-00007527 regions again very few of them
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00031-00007528-00007759 so it's almost very concentrated in a
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00032-00007759-00008023 ring as with this image we've taken this
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00033-00008023-00008310 taken from the hubble space telescope
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00034-00008311-00008567 now what could cause something like this
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00035-00008568-00008951 and it may have been some kind of
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00036-00008952-00009191 issue with the central regions where
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00037-00009192-00009487 gravity and perhaps the rotations in the
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00038-00009488-00009614 interior
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00039-00009615-00009951 caused a wave to propagate out a density
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00040-00009952-00010238 wave to propagate outward compressing
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00041-00010239-00010510 material and when the gas and dust are
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00042-00010511-00010751 compressed that enhances the rate of
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00043-00010752-00010919 star formation
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00044-00010920-00011191 so we can get star formation increasing
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00045-00011192-00011431 for various reasons one could be some
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00046-00011432-00011655 sort of event here at the center which
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00047-00011656-00011855 seems likely because of the very
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00048-00011856-00012063 symmetrical nature of this and the way
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00049-00012064-00012310 it seems to have propagated outward and
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00050-00012311-00012503 we can imagine had we looked at this a
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00051-00012504-00012719 long time ago that that ring of star
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00052-00012720-00012943 material might have been closer to the
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00053-00012944-00013055 center
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00054-00013056-00013327 it can also occur when galaxies collide
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00055-00013328-00013575 together and again their gravitational
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00056-00013576-00013919 fields can cause the galaxy the dust and
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00057-00013919-00014294 gas within the galaxy to coalesce into
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00058-00014295-00014591 stars so here we see all those very
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00059-00014591-00014911 young blue stars that are present in
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00060-00014912-00015135 this ring around them
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00061-00015136-00015366 and again these are
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00062-00015368-00015543 measuring them we can estimate that
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00063-00015544-00015807 these stars are very young about 10
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00064-00015808-00016015 million years old
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00065-00016016-00016279 now 10 million years tends to seem like
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00066-00016280-00016575 a long time for us however in terms of a
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00067-00016576-00016919 galaxy that is incredibly short our own
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00068-00016920-00017158 milky way is probably on the order of 10
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00069-00017159-00017447 billion years old and something that's
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00070-00017448-00017839 10 million years is only 1 1 000 the age
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00071-00017840-00018191 of our galaxy so these are relatively
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00072-00018192-00018391 short time
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00073-00018392-00018671 frames in terms of a galaxy how do we
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00074-00018672-00018919 know they're so they're so young well we
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00075-00018920-00019143 can study the types of stars that they
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00076-00019144-00019222 are
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00077-00019223-00019311 and
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00078-00019312-00019599 many blue stars don't live longer than a
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00079-00019600-00019855 few tens of millions of years
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00080-00019856-00020055 and therefore the fact that we still see
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00081-00020056-00020343 them today means they must have formed
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00082-00020344-00020727 within the last 10 million years or so
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00083-00020728-00020943 now will we be able to continue to watch
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00084-00020944-00021255 this propagate out and the answer is no
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00085-00021256-00021471 and that's because the time frames and
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00086-00021472-00021694 the motions are too slow
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00087-00021695-00021950 it takes a long time for things to move
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00088-00021951-00022119 through here so even if we looked at the
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00089-00022120-00022447 same galaxy a hundred years from now
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00090-00022448-00022727 it would look essentially the same
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00091-00022728-00022999 things in astronomy just do not change
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00092-00023000-00023247 fast enough in general for us to really
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00093-00023248-00023591 see any changes over the course of a
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00094-00023592-00023847 human lifetime or in many cases over
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00095-00023848-00024111 many human lifetimes
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00096-00024112-00024358 so that was our picture of the day for
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00097-00024359-00024663 july 31st of 2022
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00098-00024664-00025030 it was titled starburst galaxy m94 from
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00099-00025031-00025127 hubble
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00100-00025128-00025271 we'll be back again tomorrow for the
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00101-00025272-00025535 next picture previewed to be space
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00102-00025536-00025646 mountain
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00103-00025647-00025894 so we'll see what that is about tomorrow
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00104-00025895-00026214 and until then have a great day everyone
+Up9cGbOJkH8-00105-00026216-00026675 and i will see you in class
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00000-00000000-00001174 [Music]
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00001-00001175-00002823 uh
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00002-00002824-00004343 bricks
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00003-00004344-00004463 you'll be up hello in my videos you
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00004-00004464-00004591 don't mind if i steal your pictures
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00005-00004592-00004831 today
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00006-00004832-00004999 no bridge man
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00007-00005000-00005086 you mean
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00008-00005087-00005279 it's not rich
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00009-00005280-00005463 they're not supposed to cross
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00010-00005464-00007006 they eat their own fries
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00011-00007008-00007898 he's here
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00012-00007900-00008519 [Music]
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00013-00008520-00008884 i gotta mix up with the european stuff
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00014-00008885-00011038 [Music]
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00016-00018215-00019022 china
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00017-00019023-00020303 foreign
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00018-00020304-00020550 let it go push again all right
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00019-00020551-00022478 grab the headstock
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00020-00022479-00023894 oh
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00021-00023895-00026887 like ninjas
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00022-00026888-00029583 tell me how you feel when you get back
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00023-00029583-00032335 i
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00024-00032336-00034462 i need to yes my hair back
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00025-00034463-00034639 which one fits you better that's why
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00026-00034640-00034839 it's not i just wanna
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00027-00034840-00034974 just call the way down my hair is like
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00028-00034975-00035207 this
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00030-00040560-00042158 not yet
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00031-00042159-00042367 yeah
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00032-00042368-00043687 i can't see anything
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00033-00043688-00046446 ready
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00034-00046447-00049390 hey
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00035-00049391-00051055 oh
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00036-00051056-00051335 okay i think though okay
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00037-00051336-00053817 i need this
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00038-00053819-00055091 [Music]
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00039-00055092-00055328 [Applause]
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00040-00055329-00055623 [Music]
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00041-00055624-00056783 so
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00042-00056784-00058105 [Music]
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00043-00058107-00059339 [Music]
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00044-00059340-00061540 [Music]
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00049-00089519-00092487 i got
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00050-00092488-00093567 ling
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00051-00093568-00095903 links
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00053-00099232-00100782 here
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00054-00100783-00102279 i did not get
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00055-00102280-00102551 you
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00056-00102552-00104030 all right
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00057-00104031-00104223 [Music]
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00059-00110624-00112110 lucas can you give
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00060-00112111-00112310 thank you very much oh thank you thank
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00061-00112311-00112486 you
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00062-00112488-00112615 you're good
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00063-00112616-00112758 oh yeah
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00064-00112759-00112927 it's a pleasure to meet you they're all
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00065-00112928-00113102 always playing
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00066-00113103-00113415 together
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00067-00113416-00113527 okay
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00068-00113528-00115119 okay thank you have a good day
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00069-00115120-00116895 guys
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00070-00116896-00117054 okay
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00071-00117055-00117334 we had fun now we have to go home
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00072-00117335-00117663 okay mango yeah
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00073-00117664-00118631 nice and
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00074-00118632-00118866 bye
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00075-00118867-00119295 [Music]
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00076-00119296-00119710 hmm
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00077-00119711-00121886 [Music]
+UQ7tUVp_C38-00078-00121888-00122096 you
+URt3gvbCV5u-00000-00000270-00000497 hello and today I will be showing you
+URt3gvbCV5u-00001-00000498-00000682 how to get
+URt3gvbCV5u-00002-00000683-00000989 a Discord active developer match
+URt3gvbCV5u-00003-00000990-00001097 today
+URt3gvbCV5u-00004-00001098-00001354 as best as you can
+URt3gvbCV5u-00005-00001355-00001595 without breaking the tour terms or
+URt3gvbCV5u-00006-00001596-00001930 services oh
+URt3gvbCV5u-00007-00001932-00002218 personal in the first link in the
+URt3gvbCV5u-00008-00002219-00002437 description
+URt3gvbCV5u-00009-00002438-00002683 developer portal
+URt3gvbCV5u-00010-00002684-00003125 sent in listen here
+URt3gvbCV5u-00011-00003126-00003467 how are you signed in so what I'm going
+URt3gvbCV5u-00012-00003468-00004097 to do is click on a new application
+URt3gvbCV5u-00013-00004098-00004679 let's call it active
+URt3gvbCV5u-00014-00004680-00005075 back
+URt3gvbCV5u-00015-00005076-00005338 I agree to interpret these terms and
+URt3gvbCV5u-00016-00005339-00005818 click on create admit or not
+URt3gvbCV5u-00017-00005819-00006143 because so
+URt3gvbCV5u-00018-00006144-00006322 clear to see for you
+URt3gvbCV5u-00019-00006323-00006670 now go to bot
+URt3gvbCV5u-00020-00006672-00007055 click Edward click yes do it
+URt3gvbCV5u-00021-00007056-00007433 once you see this
+URt3gvbCV5u-00022-00007434-00007625 screen
+URt3gvbCV5u-00023-00007626-00008098 make sure that it says your username
+URt3gvbCV5u-00024-00008100-00008578 and click reset token
+URt3gvbCV5u-00025-00008579-00009017 blur
+URt3gvbCV5u-00026-00009018-00009341 actually
+URt3gvbCV5u-00027-00009342-00009551 because this
+URt3gvbCV5u-00028-00009552-00009760 zero
+URt3gvbCV5u-00029-00009761-00009989 submit
+URt3gvbCV5u-00030-00009990-00010360 now this is your reports token I will be
+URt3gvbCV5u-00031-00010361-00010481 reset it
+URt3gvbCV5u-00032-00010482-00010756 this video
+URt3gvbCV5u-00033-00010757-00011141 so
+URt3gvbCV5u-00034-00011142-00011503 again
+URt3gvbCV5u-00035-00011504-00011717 one more
+URt3gvbCV5u-00036-00011718-00011945 try it
+URt3gvbCV5u-00037-00011946-00012238 wait
+URt3gvbCV5u-00038-00012239-00012424 never mind
+URt3gvbCV5u-00039-00012425-00012569 copy
+URt3gvbCV5u-00040-00012570-00012910 not reset
+URt3gvbCV5u-00041-00012911-00013193 I want to just copy copy it
+URt3gvbCV5u-00042-00013194-00013769 into the second link in the description
+URt3gvbCV5u-00043-00013769-00014255 it would be what ghosts
+URt3gvbCV5u-00044-00014256-00014555 this is all legal
+URt3gvbCV5u-00045-00014556-00014830 so no don't worry about it
+URt3gvbCV5u-00046-00014831-00015257 I'm not breaking any the West
+URt3gvbCV5u-00047-00015258-00015580 click on create about this
+URt3gvbCV5u-00048-00015581-00015880 is what you have to see
+URt3gvbCV5u-00049-00015881-00016150 once you see it report
+URt3gvbCV5u-00050-00016151-00016480 it should take you instantly into this
+URt3gvbCV5u-00051-00016481-00016727 screen for me because
+URt3gvbCV5u-00052-00016728-00016961 I already
+URt3gvbCV5u-00053-00016962-00017603 used another protein another
+URt3gvbCV5u-00054-00017604-00017963 just redirect
+URt3gvbCV5u-00055-00017964-00018227 and so let's face your token that you
+URt3gvbCV5u-00056-00018228-00018467 just generated here
+URt3gvbCV5u-00057-00018468-00018755 click on create a board
+URt3gvbCV5u-00058-00018756-00018929 it will take you
+URt3gvbCV5u-00059-00018930-00019361 to this screen
+URt3gvbCV5u-00060-00019362-00019636 over here make sure this is on
+URt3gvbCV5u-00061-00019637-00019925 now we need to divide the body
+URt3gvbCV5u-00062-00019926-00020183 click on invite I will invite it to case
+URt3gvbCV5u-00063-00020184-00020375 server
+URt3gvbCV5u-00064-00020376-00020567 you can continue
+URt3gvbCV5u-00065-00020568-00020753 click authorize
+URt3gvbCV5u-00066-00020754-00021058 I am a human
+URt3gvbCV5u-00067-00021059-00021311 authorized
+URt3gvbCV5u-00068-00021312-00022157 now let me go to the Discord
+URt3gvbCV5u-00069-00022158-00022289 okay
+URt3gvbCV5u-00070-00022290-00022655 hey hey
+URt3gvbCV5u-00071-00022656-00022907 okay so now we need to type certain
+URt3gvbCV5u-00072-00022908-00023122 command to get it
+URt3gvbCV5u-00073-00023123-00023578 previous screen where it's turned on
+URt3gvbCV5u-00074-00023579-00024305 meant
+URt3gvbCV5u-00075-00024306-00024527 run this command
+URt3gvbCV5u-00076-00024528-00025528 slash active death bet
+URt3gvbCV5u-00077-00025529-00025739 it shoots
+URt3gvbCV5u-00078-00025739-00026351 you should see this message
+URt3gvbCV5u-00079-00026352-00026561 when you see this message
+URt3gvbCV5u-00080-00026562-00027112 you need to wait
+URt3gvbCV5u-00081-00027113-00027323 24 hours
+URt3gvbCV5u-00082-00027324-00027646 talk more
+URt3gvbCV5u-00083-00027647-00027881 let me show you some images anyways I'm
+URt3gvbCV5u-00084-00027882-00028093 not eligible because
+URt3gvbCV5u-00085-00028094-00028679 it has been 24 hours it should say a
+URt3gvbCV5u-00086-00028680-00028840 life or
+URt3gvbCV5u-00087-00028841-00029033 the bench in your
+URt3gvbCV5u-00088-00029033-00029243 the information that then you click
+URt3gvbCV5u-00089-00029244-00029567 submit and then this word should give
+URt3gvbCV5u-00090-00029568-00029735 you debate
+URt3gvbCV5u-00091-00029736-00029933 you can run
+URt3gvbCV5u-00092-00029933-00030205 and every 30 days I believe
+URt3gvbCV5u-00093-00030206-00030664 I cannot claim my
+URt3gvbCV5u-00094-00030666-00031152 so yeah this is
+URt3gvbCV5u-00095-00031154-00031427 very high thumbs up don't forget to
+URt3gvbCV5u-00096-00031427-00031661 subscribe also join with this person
+URt3gvbCV5u-00097-00031662-00032027 would like to be in the description
+URt3gvbCV5u-00098-00032027-00032249 so yeah
+URt3gvbCV5u-00099-00032250-00032491 bye
+URcJ24NlQO4-00000-00000017-00000415 hey everyone how is it going we are in
+URcJ24NlQO4-00001-00000416-00000815 Gladstone Oregon yes what I have some
+URcJ24NlQO4-00002-00000816-00001162 really awesome news for you and you want
+URcJ24NlQO4-00003-00001163-00001493 to know what that is there is my little
+URcJ24NlQO4-00004-00001494-00001907 buddy and we are ready to go we are
+URcJ24NlQO4-00005-00001907-00002345 ready to fly high and this is gonna be a
+URcJ24NlQO4-00006-00002346-00002617 flight
+URcJ24NlQO4-00007-00002618-00002795 here we go let's go
+URcJ24NlQO4-00008-00002796-00003520 [Music]
+URcJ24NlQO4-00009-00003521-00004108 foreign
+URcJ24NlQO4-00010-00004109-00005907 [Music]
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+URcJ24NlQO4-00015-00013904-00014358 [Music]
+URcJ24NlQO4-00016-00014359-00014549 thank you
+URcJ24NlQO4-00017-00014550-00015821 foreign
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+URcJ24NlQO4-00027-00029036-00029364 thank you
+URcJ24NlQO4-00028-00029366-00031343 [Music]
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+URcJ24NlQO4-00048-00055409-00055997 [Applause]
+URcJ24NlQO4-00049-00055998-00056709 [Music]
+URcJ24NlQO4-00050-00056710-00057659 [Music]
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+URcJ24NlQO4-00052-00058176-00058416 [Applause]
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+URcJ24NlQO4-00064-00067925-00069484 [Music]
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+URcJ24NlQO4-00073-00080724-00081597 thank you
+URcJ24NlQO4-00074-00081598-00084446 [Music]
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+URcJ24NlQO4-00083-00094524-00097481 thank you
+URcJ24NlQO4-00084-00097482-00097782 foreign
+USCl6sArYlM-00000-00000000-00002557 [Music]
+USCl6sArYlM-00001-00002558-00002820 what could be lost
+USCl6sArYlM-00002-00002821-00003444 [Music]
+USCl6sArYlM-00003-00003445-00004579 [Music]
+USCl6sArYlM-00004-00004580-00005549 I would never be the one
+USCl6sArYlM-00005-00005550-00006946 [Music]
+USCl6sArYlM-00006-00006947-00007247 time
+UT3nyaMNF84-00000-00000011-00000233 good afternoon we're going to try this
+UT3nyaMNF84-00001-00000234-00000437 again we're trying something brand new
+UT3nyaMNF84-00002-00000438-00000746 here so hopefully today this is super by
+UT3nyaMNF84-00003-00000747-00000956 the way we're going to try to do an
+UT3nyaMNF84-00004-00000957-00001211 interview with Justin Womack so I'm in
+UT3nyaMNF84-00005-00001212-00001502 the Santa Clarita Valley area and Justin
+UT3nyaMNF84-00006-00001503-00001745 is in Camarillo so I'm waiting for him
+UT3nyaMNF84-00007-00001746-00002216 to join the broadcast friend of mine he
+UT3nyaMNF84-00008-00002217-00002488 is a social media expert we're doing it
+UT3nyaMNF84-00009-00002489-00002954 one day and there he is guys I worked at
+UT3nyaMNF84-00010-00002955-00003434 work this is amazing I wear Oh fine
+UT3nyaMNF84-00011-00003435-00003731 all right so you're in Camarillo and I
+UT3nyaMNF84-00012-00003732-00003947 am here in Santa Clarita yeah how are
+UT3nyaMNF84-00013-00003947-00004235 you today I'm doing well about yourself
+UT3nyaMNF84-00014-00004236-00004388 how's it going in the in Santa Clarita
+UT3nyaMNF84-00015-00004389-00004526 it's probably a lot cooler here in
+UT3nyaMNF84-00016-00004527-00004808 Camarillo is it yeah it's kind of hot
+UT3nyaMNF84-00017-00004809-00005084 here but not as bad as it has been so I
+UT3nyaMNF84-00018-00005085-00005231 wanted to bring you on today because
+UT3nyaMNF84-00019-00005232-00005413 first of all I want to test out this
+UT3nyaMNF84-00020-00005414-00005774 awesome new little tool that on Facebook
+UT3nyaMNF84-00021-00005775-00005993 live has right now and I want to
+UT3nyaMNF84-00022-00005994-00006136 interview you because I'm so excited
+UT3nyaMNF84-00023-00006137-00006341 next week we're doing a couple meetups
+UT3nyaMNF84-00024-00006342-00006692 together the first one is on Monday and
+UT3nyaMNF84-00025-00006693-00006920 Santa Clarita at the toppers pizza and
+UT3nyaMNF84-00026-00006920-00007163 candy country and this is coming to talk
+UT3nyaMNF84-00027-00007164-00007321 about social media can you tell us a
+UT3nyaMNF84-00028-00007322-00007406 little bit about what you're going to
+UT3nyaMNF84-00029-00007406-00007723 talk about on Monday Justin yeah I mean
+UT3nyaMNF84-00030-00007725-00008030 so the topic on Monday is what's working
+UT3nyaMNF84-00031-00008031-00008258 now in social media so we're actually
+UT3nyaMNF84-00032-00008259-00008462 going to go into we're talking about
+UT3nyaMNF84-00033-00008463-00008657 Facebook we'll talk about LinkedIn we'll
+UT3nyaMNF84-00034-00008658-00008819 talk a little bit about Instagram and
+UT3nyaMNF84-00035-00008820-00009085 we'll talk we'll go deeper into these
+UT3nyaMNF84-00036-00009086-00009331 strategies and kind of the methodologies
+UT3nyaMNF84-00037-00009332-00009628 on what actually works on social media
+UT3nyaMNF84-00038-00009629-00010019 marketing right now in mid 2017 and and
+UT3nyaMNF84-00039-00010020-00010298 how people can leverage it to you know
+UT3nyaMNF84-00040-00010299-00010474 to use it for their business to either
+UT3nyaMNF84-00041-00010475-00010748 build more awareness around their brand
+UT3nyaMNF84-00042-00010749-00010976 or to actually acquire customers we'll
+UT3nyaMNF84-00043-00010977-00011281 talk about both both of those strategies
+UT3nyaMNF84-00044-00011282-00011444 awesome that's great
+UT3nyaMNF84-00045-00011445-00011635 if anybody has any questions while
+UT3nyaMNF84-00046-00011636-00011801 you're on let's see if there's a
+UT3nyaMNF84-00047-00011802-00011974 possibility we could ask any questions
+UT3nyaMNF84-00048-00011975-00012139 right now especially for those of you
+UT3nyaMNF84-00049-00012140-00012338 that can't make it to Santa Clarita that
+UT3nyaMNF84-00050-00012339-00012542 in the meantime we're also doing an
+UT3nyaMNF84-00051-00012543-00012854 event on Tuesday in Woodland Hills and
+UT3nyaMNF84-00052-00012855-00013021 we're going to talk about relationship
+UT3nyaMNF84-00053-00013022-00013213 marketing so do you have anything to say
+UT3nyaMNF84-00054-00013215-00013444 about that distance
+UT3nyaMNF84-00055-00013444-00013880 just that it is a game-changer and I
+UT3nyaMNF84-00056-00013881-00014066 mean relationship marketing is huge like
+UT3nyaMNF84-00057-00014066-00014366 I think a lot of business owners out
+UT3nyaMNF84-00058-00014366-00014905 there do not emphasize it enough and you
+UT3nyaMNF84-00059-00014906-00015109 know in my experience the more personal
+UT3nyaMNF84-00060-00015110-00015370 that I am in reaching out to a client of
+UT3nyaMNF84-00061-00015371-00015631 mine the more gratitude that I expressed
+UT3nyaMNF84-00062-00015632-00015862 to them the more likely they are to
+UT3nyaMNF84-00063-00015863-00016294 intern refirming new business to to go
+UT3nyaMNF84-00064-00016295-00016622 deeper with me so you know it kind of is
+UT3nyaMNF84-00065-00016623-00016753 a it's one of those things it's like in
+UT3nyaMNF84-00066-00016754-00016889 the secret the more add the more
+UT3nyaMNF84-00067-00016890-00017024 gratitude you express the more that
+UT3nyaMNF84-00068-00017025-00017362 comes back to you in return absolutely I
+UT3nyaMNF84-00069-00017363-00017555 am with you I've been really trying to
+UT3nyaMNF84-00070-00017556-00017825 to use a really cool tool that I've
+UT3nyaMNF84-00071-00017826-00018037 discovered and I'm having so much fun
+UT3nyaMNF84-00072-00018038-00018283 really just appreciating the people that
+UT3nyaMNF84-00073-00018284-00018458 I know and my clients and it's just
+UT3nyaMNF84-00074-00018459-00018689 changing my life right now too so we're
+UT3nyaMNF84-00075-00018690-00018865 going to talk about that on Tuesday up
+UT3nyaMNF84-00076-00018866-00019069 and their bread and Woodland Hills so
+UT3nyaMNF84-00077-00019070-00019243 cool so what do you think of those
+UT3nyaMNF84-00078-00019244-00019483 people is something as simple as
+UT3nyaMNF84-00079-00019484-00019633 remembering a client's a birthday or
+UT3nyaMNF84-00080-00019634-00019756 something like that I mean that can be
+UT3nyaMNF84-00081-00019757-00019942 the difference between them staying with
+UT3nyaMNF84-00082-00019943-00020158 you long-term or them moving on to
+UT3nyaMNF84-00083-00020159-00020402 somebody else so you know just putting
+UT3nyaMNF84-00084-00020403-00020696 that little added effort to to reach out
+UT3nyaMNF84-00085-00020697-00020947 to reach out to them and again if you
+UT3nyaMNF84-00086-00020948-00021115 just remember their birthday send them a
+UT3nyaMNF84-00087-00021116-00021259 card send them something like that it
+UT3nyaMNF84-00088-00021260-00021608 really makes the difference oh my gosh
+UT3nyaMNF84-00089-00021609-00021821 today it and you know what you just said
+UT3nyaMNF84-00090-00021822-00022208 it today honestly I just got a cool card
+UT3nyaMNF84-00091-00022209-00022453 in the mail from our friend our mutual
+UT3nyaMNF84-00092-00022454-00022681 friends down the Wynn and he sent a gift
+UT3nyaMNF84-00093-00022682-00022900 in the card and it was amazing and it
+UT3nyaMNF84-00094-00022901-00023086 just made me feel so good and it's like
+UT3nyaMNF84-00095-00023087-00023443 wow it's not a bill it's like a it's
+UT3nyaMNF84-00096-00023444-00023680 like a card that was addressed to me
+UT3nyaMNF84-00097-00023681-00024074 with a gift in it and it's like wow that
+UT3nyaMNF84-00098-00024075-00024289 is amazing and I will not go to anyone
+UT3nyaMNF84-00099-00024290-00024496 else he's an attorney in Orange County
+UT3nyaMNF84-00100-00024497-00024715 that a business attorney is amazing
+UT3nyaMNF84-00101-00024716-00024958 danwon you guys should all check him out
+UT3nyaMNF84-00102-00024959-00025225 and you know he seriously cares about
+UT3nyaMNF84-00103-00025226-00025420 his clients so it made me feel amazing
+UT3nyaMNF84-00104-00025421-00025618 so it makes me want to just go out that
+UT3nyaMNF84-00105-00025619-00025996 and do that to other people too so yeah
+UT3nyaMNF84-00106-00025997-00026254 absolutely and whatever tracking your
+UT3nyaMNF84-00107-00026255-00026458 whether you're tracking the information
+UT3nyaMNF84-00108-00026459-00026586 through like a CRM
+UT3nyaMNF84-00109-00026587-00026777 to run a CRM you can be kind of keeping
+UT3nyaMNF84-00110-00026779-00026982 track of one people became a customer
+UT3nyaMNF84-00111-00026983-00027195 when the first days is birthdays are
+UT3nyaMNF84-00112-00027195-00027336 things like that or whether you're using
+UT3nyaMNF84-00113-00027337-00027570 an app like what Sue's using and you can
+UT3nyaMNF84-00114-00027570-00027882 talk about that later yeah it just makes
+UT3nyaMNF84-00115-00027883-00028112 all the difference to be able to to be
+UT3nyaMNF84-00116-00028113-00028305 on top of that stuff because people like
+UT3nyaMNF84-00117-00028306-00028487 to connect with people that like them
+UT3nyaMNF84-00118-00028488-00028883 right like it's having to resonate oh
+UT3nyaMNF84-00119-00028883-00029157 definitely and I am Justin you guys that
+UT3nyaMNF84-00120-00029158-00029364 are watching I'm Justin is a huge
+UT3nyaMNF84-00121-00029364-00029550 internet marketer so he's all about
+UT3nyaMNF84-00122-00029551-00029760 marketing on the internet and social
+UT3nyaMNF84-00123-00029761-00029939 media and LinkedIn and all of those
+UT3nyaMNF84-00124-00029941-00030198 things but the bottom line is you can't
+UT3nyaMNF84-00125-00030199-00030399 just do that one thing all the time with
+UT3nyaMNF84-00126-00030400-00030585 your clients you do have to get personal
+UT3nyaMNF84-00127-00030586-00030887 and you know what we just like he said
+UT3nyaMNF84-00128-00030888-00031077 you know we're just we've lost that a
+UT3nyaMNF84-00129-00031077-00031227 lot of the people in the world have lost
+UT3nyaMNF84-00130-00031227-00031392 it we just say oh let's just send an
+UT3nyaMNF84-00131-00031393-00031658 e-card to somebody well no you know what
+UT3nyaMNF84-00132-00031660-00031836 sends something in the mail that this
+UT3nyaMNF84-00133-00031837-00032025 heartfelt so really excited to talk
+UT3nyaMNF84-00134-00032026-00032364 about that on Tuesday so yeah yeah well
+UT3nyaMNF84-00135-00032364-00032502 I mean internet marketing will take you
+UT3nyaMNF84-00136-00032502-00032708 so far right internet marketing can be
+UT3nyaMNF84-00137-00032710-00032883 it can be very useful to leverage your
+UT3nyaMNF84-00138-00032884-00033287 time and to be speaking one-to-many you
+UT3nyaMNF84-00139-00033288-00033558 can speak to many people all at once but
+UT3nyaMNF84-00140-00033559-00033693 if you want to if you want to take that
+UT3nyaMNF84-00141-00033694-00033936 into a more personal into a personal
+UT3nyaMNF84-00142-00033937-00034104 connection than yet then sending them
+UT3nyaMNF84-00143-00034105-00034305 something in the mail and the more
+UT3nyaMNF84-00144-00034306-00034571 traditional old-school mentality can be
+UT3nyaMNF84-00145-00034572-00034815 it could be surprising because it's
+UT3nyaMNF84-00146-00034816-00034937 funny because even though everyone says
+UT3nyaMNF84-00147-00034938-00035052 direct mail is dead
+UT3nyaMNF84-00148-00035053-00035196 when somebody gets something in the mail
+UT3nyaMNF84-00149-00035197-00035402 it's such a surprise right now that it's
+UT3nyaMNF84-00150-00035403-00035624 almost like direct mail is coming back
+UT3nyaMNF84-00151-00035625-00035874 because we've had we've been to this
+UT3nyaMNF84-00152-00035875-00036045 period where everybody stopped doing it
+UT3nyaMNF84-00153-00036046-00036146 because it wasn't getting the results
+UT3nyaMNF84-00154-00036147-00036339 that they want and now it's kind of a
+UT3nyaMNF84-00155-00036340-00036512 scarcity thing where now it's not
+UT3nyaMNF84-00156-00036513-00036662 happening as often as they used to and
+UT3nyaMNF84-00157-00036663-00036849 now it's now it's got more value that it
+UT3nyaMNF84-00158-00036850-00037037 did and this might shift again if
+UT3nyaMNF84-00159-00037038-00037185 everybody starts doing direct mail it
+UT3nyaMNF84-00160-00037186-00037350 could shift again to where it's more
+UT3nyaMNF84-00161-00037351-00037530 important to send everything online so
+UT3nyaMNF84-00162-00037531-00037800 it's kind of just looking at the trends
+UT3nyaMNF84-00163-00037801-00038121 and supply and demand right absolutely
+UT3nyaMNF84-00164-00038122-00038310 and we'll talk a little bit about that
+UT3nyaMNF84-00165-00038311-00038483 in Santa Clarita too for those of you
+UT3nyaMNF84-00166-00038484-00038685 are in Santa Clarita coming to toppers
+UT3nyaMNF84-00167-00038686-00039033 on Monday 11:30 we're going to be
+UT3nyaMNF84-00168-00039034-00039198 talking about social media but we will
+UT3nyaMNF84-00169-00039199-00039389 talk about that as well because it's so
+UT3nyaMNF84-00170-00039390-00039567 important you can't just do one or the
+UT3nyaMNF84-00171-00039568-00039740 other you do have to do a variety of
+UT3nyaMNF84-00172-00039741-00039971 things to market your business so
+UT3nyaMNF84-00173-00039972-00040121 cool so what do you up to tonight Justin
+UT3nyaMNF84-00174-00040122-00040257 I heard you're doing that you're
+UT3nyaMNF84-00175-00040258-00040427 speaking to a group of people tonight
+UT3nyaMNF84-00176-00040428-00040689 I'm recited I am I'm speaking in like
+UT3nyaMNF84-00177-00040690-00040836 five well I think I could be there at
+UT3nyaMNF84-00178-00040837-00041070 five o'clock in Ventura at the Ventura
+UT3nyaMNF84-00179-00041071-00041408 professional Women's Network and so I'll
+UT3nyaMNF84-00180-00041409-00041561 be giving a talk and I'm going to be
+UT3nyaMNF84-00181-00041562-00041882 talking about my pretty major car
+UT3nyaMNF84-00182-00041883-00041999 accident that kind of shifted everything
+UT3nyaMNF84-00183-00042000-00042360 in my life back in 2014 so I will be
+UT3nyaMNF84-00184-00042361-00042590 going to detail on that story not doing
+UT3nyaMNF84-00185-00042591-00042758 not a business talk more of a personal
+UT3nyaMNF84-00186-00042759-00042896 story and more of an inspirational talk
+UT3nyaMNF84-00187-00042897-00043161 so I'm looking forward to that doing my
+UT3nyaMNF84-00188-00043162-00043355 final preparations right now getting
+UT3nyaMNF84-00189-00043356-00043574 ready and I'll be I'll be out there in
+UT3nyaMNF84-00190-00043575-00044015 Ventura in just a couple hours awesome
+UT3nyaMNF84-00191-00044016-00044162 and you know what that's a really good
+UT3nyaMNF84-00192-00044163-00044390 point though about telling your story
+UT3nyaMNF84-00193-00044391-00044543 and when you're doing your marketing
+UT3nyaMNF84-00194-00044544-00044765 whether it's online whether it's in
+UT3nyaMNF84-00195-00044766-00045077 person whether it's whatever it is with
+UT3nyaMNF84-00196-00045078-00045332 your clients the clients you know think
+UT3nyaMNF84-00197-00045333-00045582 about a reality TV YouTube those are
+UT3nyaMNF84-00198-00045583-00045818 things that the zillions of people are
+UT3nyaMNF84-00199-00045819-00045989 out there paying attention to because
+UT3nyaMNF84-00200-00045990-00046167 people want to know who you are they
+UT3nyaMNF84-00201-00046168-00046346 want to know your heartfelt story and
+UT3nyaMNF84-00202-00046347-00046526 how you how you got to where you are
+UT3nyaMNF84-00203-00046527-00046773 Justin and I have something in common I
+UT3nyaMNF84-00204-00046774-00046907 think that's how we became friends in
+UT3nyaMNF84-00205-00046908-00047057 the first place is we both been through
+UT3nyaMNF84-00206-00047058-00047369 major car accidents that literally
+UT3nyaMNF84-00207-00047370-00047546 changed our lives
+UT3nyaMNF84-00208-00047547-00047813 not only physically but mentally and and
+UT3nyaMNF84-00209-00047814-00048060 just how we feel about you know how
+UT3nyaMNF84-00210-00048061-00048251 grateful I'm sure you believe you're
+UT3nyaMNF84-00211-00048252-00048432 right with me Justin how grateful we are
+UT3nyaMNF84-00212-00048433-00048729 to be here you know with you so I don't
+UT3nyaMNF84-00213-00048730-00048977 know I think the other side the other
+UT3nyaMNF84-00214-00048978-00049145 component of that was this may have been
+UT3nyaMNF84-00215-00049146-00049304 more for me than it was for you two you
+UT3nyaMNF84-00216-00049305-00049487 don't seem like as introverted of a
+UT3nyaMNF84-00217-00049488-00049748 person but I you know I grew up very
+UT3nyaMNF84-00218-00049749-00050138 very introverted and and not being not
+UT3nyaMNF84-00219-00050139-00050363 wanting to be very visible not wanting
+UT3nyaMNF84-00220-00050364-00050564 to be on like a Facebook live or be even
+UT3nyaMNF84-00221-00050565-00050676 I for a while I don't even have my
+UT3nyaMNF84-00222-00050677-00050867 facebook profile picture off back in
+UT3nyaMNF84-00223-00050868-00050993 like when they first open this thing in
+UT3nyaMNF84-00224-00050994-00051437 like 2007 ish so for me to kind of have
+UT3nyaMNF84-00225-00051438-00051665 that car accident was more of a thing
+UT3nyaMNF84-00226-00051666-00051863 where it's like okay your life like King
+UT3nyaMNF84-00227-00051864-00052064 inches away from ending and it's like
+UT3nyaMNF84-00228-00052065-00052311 what do I actually want to accomplish
+UT3nyaMNF84-00229-00052312-00052481 with the time I have on earth right now
+UT3nyaMNF84-00230-00052482-00052682 and so for me that was like kind of the
+UT3nyaMNF84-00231-00052683-00052826 kick in the butt that I needed to be
+UT3nyaMNF84-00232-00052827-00053063 like okay I guess I have to be visible I
+UT3nyaMNF84-00233-00053064-00053199 guess I actually have to share my
+UT3nyaMNF84-00234-00053200-00053294 message in front
+UT3nyaMNF84-00235-00053295-00053516 people if I want to get to where I want
+UT3nyaMNF84-00236-00053516-00053696 to go and so that was kind of the
+UT3nyaMNF84-00237-00053697-00053891 catalyst to me even you know starting to
+UT3nyaMNF84-00238-00053891-00054032 share my story and starting to get out
+UT3nyaMNF84-00239-00054033-00054287 there and speak to people and kind of
+UT3nyaMNF84-00240-00054288-00054428 get on stages and things of that nature
+UT3nyaMNF84-00241-00054429-00054737 so it's so for me it was it also had
+UT3nyaMNF84-00242-00054738-00054959 that psychological shift that came with
+UT3nyaMNF84-00243-00054960-00055157 you know that came with that near-death
+UT3nyaMNF84-00244-00055158-00055385 experience so it's been it's been a wild
+UT3nyaMNF84-00245-00055386-00055754 ride oh yeah you know I I connect with
+UT3nyaMNF84-00246-00055754-00055913 you so much with that and it's so true
+UT3nyaMNF84-00247-00055914-00056285 and them you know it's it has it makes
+UT3nyaMNF84-00248-00056286-00056467 you do get up in the morning and look at
+UT3nyaMNF84-00249-00056469-00056704 your life going you know it I honestly I
+UT3nyaMNF84-00250-00056705-00056882 need to save this actually jump jump
+UT3nyaMNF84-00251-00056883-00057113 around when I have my all my staff and I
+UT3nyaMNF84-00252-00057114-00057316 tell this to a lot of my friends to who
+UT3nyaMNF84-00253-00057317-00057505 oh they're you know what was me kind of
+UT3nyaMNF84-00254-00057507-00057614 thing it's like you know what you can
+UT3nyaMNF84-00255-00057615-00057788 drive out of here and get hit by a car
+UT3nyaMNF84-00256-00057789-00058157 you I've been hit by a truck and Justin
+UT3nyaMNF84-00257-00058158-00058385 it as a different kind of accident but
+UT3nyaMNF84-00258-00058386-00058640 you know what you're elected be over or
+UT3nyaMNF84-00259-00058641-00058895 put in a totally different space in a
+UT3nyaMNF84-00260-00058896-00059072 matter of seconds and you really have to
+UT3nyaMNF84-00261-00059073-00059327 be you know grateful for living on this
+UT3nyaMNF84-00262-00059328-00059542 life and do what you love to do you know
+UT3nyaMNF84-00263-00059544-00059716 if you want to live like a certain way
+UT3nyaMNF84-00264-00059717-00059960 then you need to go out get out of your
+UT3nyaMNF84-00265-00059961-00060266 comfort zone and just go for it so and
+UT3nyaMNF84-00266-00060266-00060449 the other any other component to is like
+UT3nyaMNF84-00267-00060450-00060779 I could be at I could choose to either
+UT3nyaMNF84-00268-00060779-00061010 take that accident and decide that I
+UT3nyaMNF84-00269-00061011-00061220 want to just stay in bed and never
+UT3nyaMNF84-00270-00061221-00061574 rebuild my body never do I never kind of
+UT3nyaMNF84-00271-00061575-00061820 build myself back up or I could decide
+UT3nyaMNF84-00272-00061821-00061961 that this is going to be a catalyst to
+UT3nyaMNF84-00273-00061962-00062132 actually making a shift in my life and
+UT3nyaMNF84-00274-00062133-00062333 actually taking the action so I chose
+UT3nyaMNF84-00275-00062334-00062552 the latter and that's why I'm kind of
+UT3nyaMNF84-00276-00062553-00062849 here right now talking but it's yeah I
+UT3nyaMNF84-00277-00062850-00063023 mean there does get down to that too
+UT3nyaMNF84-00278-00063024-00063130 it's like will you take responsibility
+UT3nyaMNF84-00279-00063132-00063440 for now that you survived
+UT3nyaMNF84-00280-00063441-00063665 we think that will you take on the
+UT3nyaMNF84-00281-00063666-00063836 challenge that you may be you were here
+UT3nyaMNF84-00282-00063837-00063971 for a reason and maybe you have a
+UT3nyaMNF84-00283-00063972-00064145 responsibility to not share some things
+UT3nyaMNF84-00284-00064146-00064388 with some people so we've actually take
+UT3nyaMNF84-00285-00064389-00064511 that on or will you take on the
+UT3nyaMNF84-00286-00064512-00064670 mentality that I'm going to be dead
+UT3nyaMNF84-00287-00064671-00064855 ridden and trapped in and I'm going to
+UT3nyaMNF84-00288-00064857-00065080 be disabled and something like that so
+UT3nyaMNF84-00289-00065082-00065317 it's you know and for a while for a
+UT3nyaMNF84-00290-00065319-00065477 while I couldn't walk and I couldn't do
+UT3nyaMNF84-00291-00065478-00065675 a lot of the stuff but but I said all
+UT3nyaMNF84-00292-00065676-00065804 that time I've been just kind of
+UT3nyaMNF84-00293-00065805-00065936 training my brain and learning new
+UT3nyaMNF84-00294-00065937-00066203 things and doing what I could until now
+UT3nyaMNF84-00295-00066204-00066377 where my body actually is functioning
+UT3nyaMNF84-00296-00066378-00066650 that I'm ready to go out there and do do
+UT3nyaMNF84-00297-00066651-00066668 I
+UT3nyaMNF84-00298-00066669-00067046 I can be sharing my message oh my gosh I
+UT3nyaMNF84-00299-00067047-00067244 love that so much and it's so true
+UT3nyaMNF84-00300-00067245-00067484 you know you never know by opening your
+UT3nyaMNF84-00301-00067485-00067742 mouth and telling your story about how
+UT3nyaMNF84-00302-00067743-00067988 you overcame whatever adversity or car
+UT3nyaMNF84-00303-00067989-00068219 accident or divorce or anything any
+UT3nyaMNF84-00304-00068220-00068456 adversity at all if you can share your
+UT3nyaMNF84-00305-00068457-00068684 story on how you overcame that you never
+UT3nyaMNF84-00306-00068685-00068981 know who you're going to inspire to get
+UT3nyaMNF84-00307-00068982-00069257 out of their box and out of their house
+UT3nyaMNF84-00308-00069258-00069416 where they're depressed or out of that
+UT3nyaMNF84-00309-00069417-00069671 depression and come out and if you and I
+UT3nyaMNF84-00310-00069672-00069857 are able to get to where we are now
+UT3nyaMNF84-00311-00069858-00070136 after what we've been through oh my god
+UT3nyaMNF84-00312-00070137-00070325 I mean anybody can do it in my opinion
+UT3nyaMNF84-00313-00070326-00070697 anybody yeah well good your night
+UT3nyaMNF84-00314-00070698-00071069 mention like oh I design fire for what
+UT3nyaMNF84-00315-00071070-00071315 reason and yeah I mean I had so many
+UT3nyaMNF84-00316-00071316-00071438 people come up to me after my accident
+UT3nyaMNF84-00317-00071439-00071624 because you know the odds of my survival
+UT3nyaMNF84-00318-00071625-00071843 were very very slim so I so many people
+UT3nyaMNF84-00319-00071844-00071960 come up they're like I don't know why
+UT3nyaMNF84-00320-00071961-00072137 you survived but the fact that you did
+UT3nyaMNF84-00321-00072138-00072272 means that you're here now for some
+UT3nyaMNF84-00322-00072273-00072506 reason so it almost was like this which
+UT3nyaMNF84-00323-00072507-00072668 is a good is a good thing but then it's
+UT3nyaMNF84-00324-00072669-00072806 also like I have this weight on my
+UT3nyaMNF84-00325-00072807-00072920 shoulders now it's like okay I better
+UT3nyaMNF84-00326-00072921-00073382 deliver so so it has been I mean there
+UT3nyaMNF84-00327-00073383-00073559 are times when I do experience you know
+UT3nyaMNF84-00328-00073560-00073703 when you hear about a survivor's guilt
+UT3nyaMNF84-00329-00073704-00073874 or something like that like why me why
+UT3nyaMNF84-00330-00073875-00074108 was I spared so I do feel the
+UT3nyaMNF84-00331-00074109-00074234 responsibility that comes with that
+UT3nyaMNF84-00332-00074235-00074408 though to actually go out and do
+UT3nyaMNF84-00333-00074409-00074582 something with the time that I had the
+UT3nyaMNF84-00334-00074583-00074873 bonus time that I've been given oh my
+UT3nyaMNF84-00335-00074874-00075011 gosh that's so true
+UT3nyaMNF84-00336-00075012-00075389 you know I think that the part was
+UT3nyaMNF84-00337-00075390-00075506 there's something that happened to me
+UT3nyaMNF84-00338-00075507-00075863 that kind of changed my my vision or
+UT3nyaMNF84-00339-00075864-00076034 whatever what I thought about sharing my
+UT3nyaMNF84-00340-00076035-00076241 story you know I went through a horrible
+UT3nyaMNF84-00341-00076242-00076391 divorce and it was a really horrible
+UT3nyaMNF84-00342-00076392-00076577 time for me that I was in a horrible car
+UT3nyaMNF84-00343-00076578-00076820 accident but I never really thought that
+UT3nyaMNF84-00344-00076821-00077066 anybody would care about my story I
+UT3nyaMNF84-00345-00077067-00077246 really didn't I didn't really tell
+UT3nyaMNF84-00346-00077247-00077332 people about it
+UT3nyaMNF84-00347-00077333-00077627 like why as someone asked me I guess a
+UT3nyaMNF84-00348-00077628-00077789 game changer was this I was asked to
+UT3nyaMNF84-00349-00077790-00077969 speak to a group of women kind of like
+UT3nyaMNF84-00350-00077970-00078176 what you're doing tonight I got asked to
+UT3nyaMNF84-00351-00078177-00078497 speak to a group of um business women
+UT3nyaMNF84-00352-00078498-00078665 and I said well what am I going to talk
+UT3nyaMNF84-00353-00078666-00078788 about it was the first time I've ever
+UT3nyaMNF84-00354-00078789-00078959 really been asked to speak to a group
+UT3nyaMNF84-00355-00078960-00079244 and I said oh just tell your story and I
+UT3nyaMNF84-00356-00079245-00079507 said well okay fine I don't know why
+UT3nyaMNF84-00357-00079508-00079709 anybody's gonna care about that but
+UT3nyaMNF84-00358-00079710-00079976 I told my story and the craziest thing
+UT3nyaMNF84-00359-00079977-00080180 happened like absolutely crazy things
+UT3nyaMNF84-00360-00080181-00080423 happen at the end of that story not only
+UT3nyaMNF84-00361-00080424-00080621 did I have a line of people wanting to
+UT3nyaMNF84-00362-00080622-00080792 talk to me and giving me hugs and
+UT3nyaMNF84-00363-00080793-00081017 telling me how they've been I inspired
+UT3nyaMNF84-00364-00081018-00081272 them to do whatever you know do the
+UT3nyaMNF84-00365-00081273-00081437 thing that they wanted to do or get out
+UT3nyaMNF84-00366-00081438-00081737 of or get over the depression from a
+UT3nyaMNF84-00367-00081738-00082064 broken relationship and I have email
+UT3nyaMNF84-00368-00082065-00082250 emails and calls and all kinds of stuff
+UT3nyaMNF84-00369-00082251-00082559 after that and it wasn't until a while
+UT3nyaMNF84-00370-00082560-00082955 later that I remembered while I was my
+UT3nyaMNF84-00371-00082956-00083126 jaw is wired shut and I was walking with
+UT3nyaMNF84-00372-00083127-00083321 a cane and I was totally cheered up for
+UT3nyaMNF84-00373-00083322-00083507 my accident and I was in a restaurant
+UT3nyaMNF84-00374-00083508-00083753 and this somebody a friend of mine
+UT3nyaMNF84-00375-00083754-00083906 brought up this girl who was in a
+UT3nyaMNF84-00376-00083907-00084137 wheelchair and she had a book in her
+UT3nyaMNF84-00377-00084138-00084332 hand with her picture on it and she was
+UT3nyaMNF84-00378-00084333-00084497 beautiful she was young she was in her
+UT3nyaMNF84-00379-00084498-00084731 20s she she came up to me in this
+UT3nyaMNF84-00380-00084732-00084887 wheelchair first of all she had a book
+UT3nyaMNF84-00381-00084888-00085106 you know which I thought oh she must be
+UT3nyaMNF84-00382-00085107-00085361 famous but she started telling me her
+UT3nyaMNF84-00383-00085362-00085547 story about being in a drunk driving
+UT3nyaMNF84-00384-00085548-00085757 accident she's paralyzed she'll be
+UT3nyaMNF84-00385-00085758-00085895 paralyzed the rest of her life
+UT3nyaMNF84-00386-00085896-00086114 but she was smiling and happy and
+UT3nyaMNF84-00387-00086115-00086411 telling me this story and she she goes
+UT3nyaMNF84-00388-00086412-00086651 out and speaks and tells audiences and I
+UT3nyaMNF84-00389-00086652-00087032 thought well why is I I thought her
+UT3nyaMNF84-00390-00087033-00087272 story was so much more compelling than
+UT3nyaMNF84-00391-00087273-00087473 my story like she's paralyzed and she's
+UT3nyaMNF84-00392-00087474-00087623 running around doing this but you know
+UT3nyaMNF84-00393-00087624-00087830 what it got me is when I spoke to those
+UT3nyaMNF84-00394-00087831-00088103 women about my divorce and my car
+UT3nyaMNF84-00395-00088104-00088262 accident and how I overcame it and I
+UT3nyaMNF84-00396-00088263-00088475 started a business and I'm doing all
+UT3nyaMNF84-00397-00088476-00088727 these things they related more to that
+UT3nyaMNF84-00398-00088728-00089000 than they could somebody in a wheelchair
+UT3nyaMNF84-00399-00089001-00089189 that was paralyzed because you know we
+UT3nyaMNF84-00400-00089190-00089375 can't understand what it's like to be in
+UT3nyaMNF84-00401-00089376-00089627 that spot so you know people will relate
+UT3nyaMNF84-00402-00089628-00089759 to your story that's why it's so
+UT3nyaMNF84-00403-00089760-00089906 important no matter what you've gone
+UT3nyaMNF84-00404-00089907-00090059 through you need to believe that you
+UT3nyaMNF84-00405-00090060-00090218 could save someone's life you can
+UT3nyaMNF84-00406-00090219-00090488 inspire them you can do so much for them
+UT3nyaMNF84-00407-00090489-00090647 so I can't wait to talk to you tonight
+UT3nyaMNF84-00408-00090648-00090869 after your talk to see what happens
+UT3nyaMNF84-00409-00090870-00091297 yeah we'll see what happens
+UT3nyaMNF84-00410-00091298-00091553 so anyway so tell us a little bit more
+UT3nyaMNF84-00411-00091554-00091700 about what you do just and help people
+UT3nyaMNF84-00412-00091701-00092228 can find you and not sure yeah so I am
+UT3nyaMNF84-00413-00092229-00092525 an online marketing specialist I focus a
+UT3nyaMNF84-00414-00092526-00092678 lot on helping people build their
+UT3nyaMNF84-00415-00092679-00092915 LinkedIn profiles and do do marketing
+UT3nyaMNF84-00416-00092916-00093000 for
+UT3nyaMNF84-00417-00093001-00093141 especially if you're a business to
+UT3nyaMNF84-00418-00093142-00093270 business or in a business-to-business
+UT3nyaMNF84-00419-00093271-00093438 kind of environment how you can acquire
+UT3nyaMNF84-00420-00093439-00093645 leads how you can convert those leads
+UT3nyaMNF84-00421-00093646-00094074 into well into conversations I think I
+UT3nyaMNF84-00422-00094075-00094173 think I tell a lot people in social
+UT3nyaMNF84-00423-00094174-00094383 media we're not necessarily going to
+UT3nyaMNF84-00424-00094384-00094584 sell people directly from from an
+UT3nyaMNF84-00425-00094585-00094773 organic social media campaign but we are
+UT3nyaMNF84-00426-00094774-00094947 going to create conversations which can
+UT3nyaMNF84-00427-00094948-00095253 then turn into sales so I help people do
+UT3nyaMNF84-00428-00095254-00095526 that and then you know and then I'm
+UT3nyaMNF84-00429-00095527-00095742 getting involved with a lot of different
+UT3nyaMNF84-00430-00095743-00095931 other causes as well but if you want to
+UT3nyaMNF84-00431-00095932-00096096 reach me you can go to our website
+UT3nyaMNF84-00432-00096097-00096417 coaching business recom that's coaching
+UT3nyaMNF84-00433-00096418-00096828 viz like zebra mastery calm I can also
+UT3nyaMNF84-00434-00096829-00097068 go to my other website LinkedIn mastery
+UT3nyaMNF84-00435-00097069-00097281 course calm which is my LinkedIn course
+UT3nyaMNF84-00436-00097282-00097590 and you will have a webinar link on
+UT3nyaMNF84-00437-00097591-00097698 there if you want to check out one of my
+UT3nyaMNF84-00438-00097699-00098163 webinars and you can also feel free to
+UT3nyaMNF84-00439-00098164-00098346 comment me on Facebook you can find me
+UT3nyaMNF84-00440-00098347-00098652 Justin Womack right there awesome you
+UT3nyaMNF84-00441-00098653-00098946 know I just said jump on Justin's
+UT3nyaMNF84-00442-00098947-00099249 LinkedIn course last night and he is so
+UT3nyaMNF84-00443-00099250-00099369 knowledgeable and if you're on LinkedIn
+UT3nyaMNF84-00444-00099370-00099567 or you're not on LinkedIn and you should
+UT3nyaMNF84-00445-00099568-00099753 be you really should join his course
+UT3nyaMNF84-00446-00099754-00099951 because it's you'll be so blown away
+UT3nyaMNF84-00447-00099952-00100173 with all the cool tips and tricks that
+UT3nyaMNF84-00448-00100174-00100377 nobody is going to tell you about it
+UT3nyaMNF84-00449-00100378-00100728 except for Justin so I think you'll love
+UT3nyaMNF84-00450-00100729-00101037 it so everybody be in scanning country
+UT3nyaMNF84-00451-00101038-00101349 if you look on the event on Facebook
+UT3nyaMNF84-00452-00101350-00101586 events look for social media marketing
+UT3nyaMNF84-00453-00101587-00101823 event on Monday at toppers pizza in
+UT3nyaMNF84-00454-00101824-00102105 Kenny country 11:30 Justin's going to be
+UT3nyaMNF84-00455-00102106-00102288 here with me to talk about all this cool
+UT3nyaMNF84-00456-00102289-00102536 social media stuff and then on Tuesday
+UT3nyaMNF84-00457-00102538-00102750 Woodland Hills at Panera Bread on
+UT3nyaMNF84-00458-00102751-00103061 Topanga will be there from 6:00 is it
+UT3nyaMNF84-00459-00103063-00103484 6:00 to 7:30 I think Tuesday so anyway
+UT3nyaMNF84-00460-00103485-00103701 check Tosun out out of him all my
+UT3nyaMNF84-00461-00103702-00103961 friends out him as your friend and vice
+UT3nyaMNF84-00462-00103963-00104573 versa anyway we're going on for me
+UT3nyaMNF84-00463-00104574-00104850 you've got it okay this was fun so if
+UT3nyaMNF84-00464-00104851-00104994 anybody else wants to be interviewed I
+UT3nyaMNF84-00465-00104995-00105117 would love to do this every day all
+UT3nyaMNF84-00466-00105118-00105315 right Thank You Dustin everybody have a
+UT3nyaMNF84-00467-00105316-00105860 great day see ya Thanks bye Rocky
+UTiFJetFyzY-00000-00000050-00000319 in an electrical or electronic circuit
+UTiFJetFyzY-00001-00000320-00000528 or power system part of the energy and
+UTiFJetFyzY-00002-00000529-00000769 play as dissipated by unwanted effects
+UTiFJetFyzY-00003-00000770-00000985 including energy lost by unwanted
+UTiFJetFyzY-00004-00000986-00001177 heating of resistive components
+UTiFJetFyzY-00005-00001178-00001383 electricity is also used for the
+UTiFJetFyzY-00006-00001384-00001591 intention of heating which is not a loss
+UTiFJetFyzY-00007-00001592-00001764 the effect of parasitic elements
+UTiFJetFyzY-00008-00001764-00002001 resistance capacitance and inductance
+UTiFJetFyzY-00009-00002002-00002299 skin effect losses in the windings and
+UTiFJetFyzY-00010-00002300-00002526 cores of transformers due to resistive
+UTiFJetFyzY-00011-00002527-00002737 heating and magnetic losses caused by
+UTiFJetFyzY-00012-00002738-00002985 eddy currents hysteresis unwanted
+UTiFJetFyzY-00013-00002986-00003229 radiation dielectric loss Corona
+UTiFJetFyzY-00014-00003229-00003504 discharge and other effects there are
+UTiFJetFyzY-00015-00003505-00003711 also losses during electric power
+UTiFJetFyzY-00016-00003713-00003893 transmission
+UTiFJetFyzY-00017-00003894-00004077 in addition to these losses of energy
+UTiFJetFyzY-00018-00004078-00004311 there may be non-technical loss of
+UTiFJetFyzY-00019-00004312-00004541 revenue and profit leading to electrical
+UTiFJetFyzY-00020-00004542-00004770 energy generated not being paid for
+UTiFJetFyzY-00021-00004771-00005045 primarily due to theft these losses
+UTiFJetFyzY-00022-00005046-00005288 include meter tampering and bypassing
+UTiFJetFyzY-00023-00005289-00005535 arranged false meter readings faulty
+UTiFJetFyzY-00024-00005536-00005770 meters and unmetered supply
+UTiFJetFyzY-00025-00005771-00006002 non-technical losses are reported to
+UTiFJetFyzY-00026-00006003-00006242 account for up to 40% of the total
+UTiFJetFyzY-00027-00006243-00006434 electricity distributed in some
+UTiFJetFyzY-00028-00006436-00006759 countries technical and human errors in
+UTiFJetFyzY-00029-00006759-00006974 meter readings data processing and
+UTiFJetFyzY-00030-00006975-00007184 billing may occur and may lead to either
+UTiFJetFyzY-00031-00007184-00007589 overcharging or under charging
+UUvryjcMDnA-00000-00000897-00002172 [Music]
+UUvryjcMDnA-00001-00002173-00003819 [Music]
+UUO14ReKNYU-00000-00000048-00000311 one thing is clear from this that
+UUO14ReKNYU-00001-00000312-00000545 mankind had a perception of the
+UUO14ReKNYU-00002-00000546-00000790 philosophy of causation even at the
+UUO14ReKNYU-00003-00000791-00000916 early time
+UUO14ReKNYU-00004-00000917-00001162 later on we shall see how our
+UUO14ReKNYU-00005-00001163-00001378 philosophers bring that out in the
+UUO14ReKNYU-00006-00001379-00001655 language of philosophy and logic but
+UUO14ReKNYU-00007-00001655-00001895 here it is almost in the language of
+UUO14ReKNYU-00008-00001896-00002002 children
+UUO14ReKNYU-00009-00002003-00002260 one thing you may remark in reading
+UUO14ReKNYU-00010-00002261-00002513 these books that it is all internal
+UUO14ReKNYU-00011-00002514-00002783 perception if you ask me if this can be
+UUO14ReKNYU-00012-00002784-00003052 practical my answer is it has been
+UUO14ReKNYU-00013-00003053-00003365 practical First and philosophical next
+UUO14ReKNYU-00014-00003365-00003683 you can see that first these things have
+UUO14ReKNYU-00015-00003684-00003940 been perceived and realized and then
+UUO14ReKNYU-00016-00003942-00004184 written
+UWf60M75UBy-00000-00000008-00000233 let's factorize this trinomial well
+UWf60M75UBy-00001-00000234-00000661 first find factors for 9p square so
+UWf60M75UBy-00002-00000662-00001052 that's 3p times 3p and we also have 9 P
+UWf60M75UBy-00003-00001053-00001988 times P and for 16 square we have 4
+UWf60M75UBy-00004-00001989-00002533 times 4 right so that's 4 Q times 4 Q
+UWf60M75UBy-00005-00002534-00003404 and we also have 8 q x 2 Q now let's
+UWf60M75UBy-00006-00003404-00003670 plug these values into our first guess
+UWf60M75UBy-00007-00003671-00004076 expression so that's 3 P plus 4 Q times
+UWf60M75UBy-00008-00004077-00004574 3p plus 4 Q we'll multiply this and
+UWf60M75UBy-00009-00004575-00004963 cross check so that's 3 times 3 that's 9
+UWf60M75UBy-00010-00004964-00005558 P Square + 24 P Q + 16 Q square yes this
+UWf60M75UBy-00011-00005559-00005852 matches up with our given trinomial so
+UWf60M75UBy-00012-00005853-00006193 the factors for 9 P Square + 24 P Q + 16
+UWf60M75UBy-00013-00006194-00006839 Q square r 3p + 4 Q times 3p + 4 Q
+UWviH7uQJ_u-00000-00000000-00000424 knowing what happened when and what was
+UWviH7uQJ_u-00001-00000425-00000634 the result from that and if you can't
+UWviH7uQJ_u-00002-00000635-00000790 see that if you can't see that on a
+UWviH7uQJ_u-00003-00000791-00001097 visual view of hey something changed
+UWviH7uQJ_u-00004-00001098-00001343 here and the session's either dropped or
+UWviH7uQJ_u-00005-00001344-00001595 they went up from that point on the on
+UWviH7uQJ_u-00006-00001596-00001805 the entire graph you can't really
+UWviH7uQJ_u-00007-00001805-00002057 correctly analyze what caused the
+UWviH7uQJ_u-00008-00002058-00002345 problem or what's causing the the the
+UWviH7uQJ_u-00009-00002346-00002668 huge influx of sales right so being able
+UWviH7uQJ_u-00010-00002669-00002945 to see that and actually track okay for
+UWviH7uQJ_u-00011-00002946-00003083 you know if you change something on your
+UWviH7uQJ_u-00012-00003084-00003256 entire brand or if you change something
+UWviH7uQJ_u-00013-00003257-00003520 on one specific product being able to
+UWviH7uQJ_u-00014-00003521-00003767 see that change reflected on a graph on
+UWviH7uQJ_u-00015-00003768-00004006 all your graphs to see if it affects
+UWviH7uQJ_u-00016-00004007-00004253 certain things or not is super vital and
+UWviH7uQJ_u-00017-00004254-00004420 it's something that I don't think a lot
+UWviH7uQJ_u-00018-00004421-00004601 of people think with
+UWviH7uQJ_u-00019-00004602-00004804 um and if you have that it's a very easy
+UWviH7uQJ_u-00020-00004805-00005033 way to go to go okay what was working
+UWviH7uQJ_u-00021-00005034-00005206 maybe you need to look at last year you
+UWviH7uQJ_u-00022-00005207-00005441 can't remember what you did last year
+UWviH7uQJ_u-00023-00005442-00005656 if you have all that stuff recorded you
+UWviH7uQJ_u-00024-00005657-00005813 go okay good we had some really great
+UWviH7uQJ_u-00025-00005814-00005968 increases during this time period what
+UWviH7uQJ_u-00026-00005969-00006191 did we do right before that look at the
+UWviH7uQJ_u-00027-00006192-00006413 change logs that that you recorded boom
+UWviH7uQJ_u-00028-00006414-00006587 now you go okay good we did this kind of
+UWviH7uQJ_u-00029-00006588-00006760 promotion we promoted it on Tick Tock we
+UWviH7uQJ_u-00030-00006761-00006887 did this that and the other thing let's
+UWviH7uQJ_u-00031-00006888-00007159 do those things again
+UWBmEPuo8ay-00000-00000046-00000605 [Music]
+UWBmEPuo8ay-00001-00000606-00001407 [Applause]
+UWBmEPuo8ay-00002-00001408-00001844 hey bum
+UWBmEPuo8ay-00003-00001845-00002875 [Music]
+UWBmEPuo8ay-00004-00002876-00003176 foreign
+UWWBoFrxGd8-00000-00000029-00000353 sure you do Hannibal who's Hannibal man
+UWWBoFrxGd8-00002-00003438-00003558 foreign
+UWWBoFrxGd8-00003-00003559-00004343 [Music]
+UXLODrpSdcI-00000-00000800-00001079 hey guys welcome back
+UXLODrpSdcI-00001-00001080-00001566 to it's angel yt590
+UXLODrpSdcI-00002-00001567-00001839 and today we have pandora with a big
+UXLODrpSdcI-00003-00001839-00001991 happy face here
+UXLODrpSdcI-00004-00001992-00002247 i was very sad that we might not be able
+UXLODrpSdcI-00005-00002248-00002415 to record a video because there was a
+UXLODrpSdcI-00006-00002416-00002518 little fight
+UXLODrpSdcI-00007-00002519-00002791 but now the fight's all solved and not
+UXLODrpSdcI-00008-00002792-00002895 old souls
+UXLODrpSdcI-00009-00002896-00003254 um maybe half and um kind of agreed for
+UXLODrpSdcI-00010-00003255-00003383 the video
+UXLODrpSdcI-00011-00003384-00003847 and she has her little manny over here
+UXLODrpSdcI-00012-00003847-00004183 and um today
+UXLODrpSdcI-00013-00004184-00004579 we will focus on
+UXLODrpSdcI-00014-00004580-00005222 halloween
+UXLODrpSdcI-00015-00005223-00005647 so the full update
+UXLODrpSdcI-00016-00005648-00006351 has come
+UXLODrpSdcI-00017-00006352-00006755 and mostly there are
+UXLODrpSdcI-00018-00006756-00007463 halloween stuff
+UXLODrpSdcI-00019-00007464-00007620 oh man he's so cute
+UXLODrpSdcI-00020-00007622-00008487 [Music]
+UXLODrpSdcI-00021-00008488-00008887 okay let's go
+UXLODrpSdcI-00022-00008888-00009223 let's go to um
+UXLODrpSdcI-00023-00009224-00009603 let's go to
+UXLODrpSdcI-00024-00009604-00011438 padma's halloween house
+UXLODrpSdcI-00025-00011439-00011567 looks like we're going all the way
+UXLODrpSdcI-00026-00011568-00011831 around
+UXLODrpSdcI-00027-00011832-00012183 wait can i put a u-turn here yep i can
+UXLODrpSdcI-00028-00012184-00013127 put a u-turn here
+UXLODrpSdcI-00029-00013128-00013815 yep i can go all the way around here
+UXLODrpSdcI-00030-00013816-00014407 what did she say
+UXLODrpSdcI-00031-00014408-00014719 this my fall outfit ah
+UXLODrpSdcI-00032-00014719-00015030 that's her that's her full update
+UXLODrpSdcI-00033-00015031-00015311 outfit i'm actually wearing a witch's
+UXLODrpSdcI-00034-00015312-00015479 costume
+UXLODrpSdcI-00035-00015480-00015694 but i will change into my halloween
+UXLODrpSdcI-00036-00015695-00015950 outfit soon
+UXLODrpSdcI-00037-00015951-00016375 when we get into the halloween house
+UXLODrpSdcI-00038-00016376-00017225 cool outfit padama
+UXLODrpSdcI-00039-00017226-00017575 [Music]
+UXLODrpSdcI-00040-00017576-00018207 she has not have her ruler's castle out
+UXLODrpSdcI-00041-00018208-00018727 it's her it's
+UXLODrpSdcI-00042-00018728-00019558 no more rulers castle
+UXLODrpSdcI-00043-00019559-00019911 tiny home
+UXLODrpSdcI-00044-00019912-00020919 for a big surprise
+UXLODrpSdcI-00045-00020920-00021239 yeah she didn't sell it yeah she didn't
+UXLODrpSdcI-00046-00021240-00021447 sell it
+UXLODrpSdcI-00047-00021448-00021830 yeah she didn't sell it yeah
+UXLODrpSdcI-00048-00021831-00022271 let's go in guys i went in and
+UXLODrpSdcI-00049-00022272-00022622 oh my god so good i
+UXLODrpSdcI-00050-00022623-00022967 love it tremendous work
+UXLODrpSdcI-00051-00022968-00023358 i love it see there's like a pumpkin
+UXLODrpSdcI-00052-00023359-00023463 right here
+UXLODrpSdcI-00053-00023464-00023939 oh my god look at it
+UXLODrpSdcI-00054-00023940-00024239 omg
+UXLODrpSdcI-00055-00024240-00024630 i mean oh omg
+UXLODrpSdcI-00056-00024631-00024983 and look tea i mean i i like coffee more
+UXLODrpSdcI-00057-00024984-00025319 um yeah and pumpkin yeah
+UXLODrpSdcI-00058-00025320-00025639 pumpkin orange yellow for
+UXLODrpSdcI-00059-00025639-00025974 full a tall pumpkin
+UXLODrpSdcI-00060-00025975-00026374 tall pumpkin
+UXLODrpSdcI-00061-00026375-00027590 and small pumpkin
+UXLODrpSdcI-00062-00027591-00027951 and here omg look
+UXLODrpSdcI-00063-00027952-00028231 guys see guys i saw this before it was
+UXLODrpSdcI-00064-00028232-00028287 so
+UXLODrpSdcI-00065-00028288-00028543 good i loved it the first time i saw it
+UXLODrpSdcI-00066-00028544-00028614 i'm like
+UXLODrpSdcI-00067-00028616-00029014 oh my god how did she think of this
+UXLODrpSdcI-00068-00029016-00029414 i was like omg
+UXLODrpSdcI-00069-00029416-00029783 how would she think of
+UXLODrpSdcI-00070-00029783-00030502 this
+UXLODrpSdcI-00071-00030503-00030695 but you know what you know what the
+UXLODrpSdcI-00072-00030695-00030887 whole thing about this is
+UXLODrpSdcI-00073-00030888-00031174 she made this whole thing by herself
+UXLODrpSdcI-00074-00031175-00031239 without
+UXLODrpSdcI-00075-00031239-00031687 anyone help
+UXLODrpSdcI-00076-00031688-00032390 nobody helped her she made it by herself
+UXLODrpSdcI-00077-00032391-00032511 sleeps
+UXLODrpSdcI-00078-00032512-00033143 in panma's bed
+UXLODrpSdcI-00079-00033144-00033943 so cozy
+UXLODrpSdcI-00080-00033944-00034439 oh this is what i like about panma
+UXLODrpSdcI-00081-00034440-00034799 it's always the little drama between
+UXLODrpSdcI-00082-00034800-00035207 the videos that we make
+UXLODrpSdcI-00083-00035208-00035455 oh oh it looks like we have a glitching
+UXLODrpSdcI-00084-00035456-00035759 place
+UXLODrpSdcI-00085-00035760-00036143 like we have glitching
+UXLODrpSdcI-00086-00036144-00036559 place i have never been there but i want
+UXLODrpSdcI-00087-00036560-00037711 to be there
+UXLODrpSdcI-00088-00037712-00037927 oh my god oh my god this is the first
+UXLODrpSdcI-00089-00037928-00038095 time i'm being oh my god oh my god oh my
+UXLODrpSdcI-00090-00038096-00038311 god oh my god oh my god oh my god
+UXLODrpSdcI-00091-00038312-00038759 oh my god skull a skull a skull
+UXLODrpSdcI-00092-00038760-00039143 skull is she
+UXLODrpSdcI-00093-00039144-00039702 killing people
+UXLODrpSdcI-00094-00039703-00040102 is she killing
+UXLODrpSdcI-00095-00040103-00040462 people
+UXLODrpSdcI-00096-00040463-00040916 is she cute
+UXLODrpSdcI-00097-00040917-00042007 [Music]
+UXLODrpSdcI-00098-00042008-00042327 just kidding just kidding
+UXLODrpSdcI-00099-00042328-00043143 oh that was on pumpkin cool
+UXLODrpSdcI-00100-00043144-00043680 oh my gosh
+UXLODrpSdcI-00101-00043681-00044351 [Music]
+UXLODrpSdcI-00102-00044352-00044902 you know what
+UXLODrpSdcI-00103-00044903-00045151 she looks like a normal person who's
+UXLODrpSdcI-00104-00045152-00045295 drinking
+UXLODrpSdcI-00105-00045296-00045630 by herself but actually she's a
+UXLODrpSdcI-00106-00045631-00045807 superstar
+UXLODrpSdcI-00107-00045808-00046351 she has all sort of creative ideas
+UXLODrpSdcI-00108-00046352-00046702 this normal padma is not normal
+UXLODrpSdcI-00109-00046703-00047183 she is creative look at this
+UXLODrpSdcI-00110-00047184-00047486 so good who would think of this other
+UXLODrpSdcI-00111-00047487-00047683 than my friend
+UXLODrpSdcI-00112-00047684-00047935 padma the smartest kid on earth
+UXLODrpSdcI-00113-00047936-00048358 i mean no everyone is smart
+UXLODrpSdcI-00114-00048359-00048751 everyone's very smart let's get some tea
+UXLODrpSdcI-00115-00048752-00049055 let's get some tea
+UXLODrpSdcI-00116-00049056-00049495 some tea some tea
+UXLODrpSdcI-00117-00049496-00049799 let me get my kangaroo
+UXLODrpSdcI-00118-00049800-00050767 and feed it
+UXLODrpSdcI-00119-00050768-00051958 and now i'm gonna get my cupcake
+UXLODrpSdcI-00120-00051959-00052326 okay so
+UXLODrpSdcI-00121-00052327-00053023 now my friend arnold has joined
+UXLODrpSdcI-00122-00053024-00053599 lots of pumpkins
+UXLODrpSdcI-00123-00053600-00054479 huh lots of pumpkins are
+UXLODrpSdcI-00124-00054479-00054903 pumpkin here pumpkin pumpkin
+UXLODrpSdcI-00125-00054904-00055311 here and pumpkin there
+UXLODrpSdcI-00126-00055312-00055966 no why
+UXLODrpSdcI-00127-00055967-00056294 it looks super
+UXLODrpSdcI-00128-00056295-00056535 wait in india they should they say
+UXLODrpSdcI-00129-00056536-00056630 superb
+UXLODrpSdcI-00130-00056632-00056903 right yeah i'm gonna say superb because
+UXLODrpSdcI-00131-00056904-00057126 she's from india it looks
+UXLODrpSdcI-00132-00057127-00057703 it looks
+UXLODrpSdcI-00133-00057704-00058079 superb
+UXLODrpSdcI-00134-00058079-00059519 you're most welcome my dear friend
+UXLODrpSdcI-00135-00059520-00059759 uh maybe she's gonna adopt some pandas i
+UXLODrpSdcI-00136-00059760-00060175 guess
+UXLODrpSdcI-00137-00060176-00060966 she might adopt pandas
+UXLODrpSdcI-00138-00060967-00061438 she has grown
+UXLODrpSdcI-00139-00061439-00061823 lots of members no she didn't got that
+UXLODrpSdcI-00140-00061824-00062054 she bought it she bought it she bought
+UXLODrpSdcI-00141-00062055-00062311 it
+UXLODrpSdcI-00142-00062312-00062830 ah where did she go okay last night
+UXLODrpSdcI-00143-00062832-00063030 oh my god oh my god uh they're talking
+UXLODrpSdcI-00144-00063032-00064215 yes
+UXLODrpSdcI-00145-00064216-00064526 look at the view
+UXLODrpSdcI-00146-00064527-00064894 so nice and a hot
+UXLODrpSdcI-00147-00064895-00065399 and a cool bath in a hot day
+UXLODrpSdcI-00148-00065400-00065719 come on cracked egg let's go walkie
+UXLODrpSdcI-00149-00065720-00065872 walking
+UXLODrpSdcI-00150-00065873-00067071 [Music]
+UXLODrpSdcI-00151-00067072-00067494 got it
+UXLODrpSdcI-00152-00067495-00068015 look manny's here beautiful little mommy
+UXLODrpSdcI-00153-00068016-00068423 okay many many many many many many
+UXLODrpSdcI-00154-00068424-00069742 okay let's get out
+UXLODrpSdcI-00155-00069743-00070082 [Music]
+UXLODrpSdcI-00156-00070083-00071319 tv
+UXLODrpSdcI-00157-00071320-00071759 oh my god she's too busy talking padma
+UXLODrpSdcI-00158-00071760-00072894 tp
+UXLODrpSdcI-00159-00072895-00073311 oh my god
+UXLODrpSdcI-00160-00073312-00073999 even money is ready
+UXLODrpSdcI-00161-00074000-00074967 you have to say bye
+UXLODrpSdcI-00162-00074968-00075391 bye wait
+UXLODrpSdcI-00163-00075392-00075750 bye thanks for
+UXLODrpSdcI-00164-00075751-00076350 watching
+UXLODrpSdcI-00165-00076351-00077082 and cute little money says
+UXLODrpSdcI-00166-00077083-00077255 bye and
+UXLODrpSdcI-00167-00077256-00077671 cracked egg says bye
+UXLODrpSdcI-00168-00077672-00078047 and panma says bye
+UXLODrpSdcI-00169-00078048-00078206 [Music]
+UXLODrpSdcI-00170-00078207-00078487 with her beautiful dance let's end the
+UXLODrpSdcI-00171-00078488-00078671 day
+UXLODrpSdcI-00172-00078672-00078926 let's all wish panma good luck for her
+UXLODrpSdcI-00173-00078927-00079143 dancing competition
+UXLODrpSdcI-00174-00079144-00079560 and say bye
+UY20RAAsBiM-00001-00003418-00005264 [Music]
+UY20RAAsBiM-00002-00005265-00005896 [Music]
+UY20RAAsBiM-00003-00005897-00007031 [Music]
+UY20RAAsBiM-00004-00007031-00007842 [Music]
+UY20RAAsBiM-00005-00007843-00009992 [Music]
+UY20RAAsBiM-00006-00009993-00010199 you
+UYZoqywu1-g-00000-00000037-00000118 [Music]
+UYZoqywu1-g-00001-00000119-00000415 smoothie is a combination of different
+UYZoqywu1-g-00002-00000416-00000711 fresh fruits sometimes with vegetables
+UYZoqywu1-g-00003-00000712-00001007 nuts and dairy blended together with the
+UYZoqywu1-g-00004-00001008-00001262 fibers to make a smoothie drink white
+UYZoqywu1-g-00005-00001263-00001519 juice is an extraction of liquid from
+UYZoqywu1-g-00006-00001520-00001855 either fruits vegetables with nuts why
+UYZoqywu1-g-00007-00001855-00002102 the fibers are discarded if you have a
+UYZoqywu1-g-00008-00002103-00002350 type that extracts juice from the food
+UYZoqywu1-g-00009-00002351-00002671 and discard the fiber or chap god is not
+UYZoqywu1-g-00010-00002672-00002887 happy with you
+UYZoqywu1-g-00011-00002888-00003166 this is because you are a waster i don't
+UYZoqywu1-g-00012-00003167-00003375 care if it's your money i'm right you're
+UYZoqywu1-g-00013-00003376-00003647 wrong what smoothie and juice are very
+UYZoqywu1-g-00014-00003647-00003943 good for the body but smoothie is more
+UYZoqywu1-g-00015-00003944-00004206 filling because you are drinking meat
+UYZoqywu1-g-00016-00004207-00004519 loss of fiber white juice is minus the
+UYZoqywu1-g-00017-00004520-00004806 fiber though it is easily absorbed by
+UYZoqywu1-g-00018-00004807-00005063 the body but it makes you even more
+UYZoqywu1-g-00019-00005064-00005279 angrier
+UYZoqywu1-g-00020-00005280-00005518 smoothie will help you lose weight while
+UYZoqywu1-g-00021-00005519-00005815 juice won't because it is more realistic
+UYZoqywu1-g-00022-00005816-00006070 and healthy to drink just a jug of
+UYZoqywu1-g-00023-00006071-00006302 smoothie for a whole day if you are a
+UYZoqywu1-g-00024-00006303-00006655 weight watcher but it is not realistic
+UYZoqywu1-g-00025-00006656-00006934 for you to drink just a dog of fruit
+UYZoqywu1-g-00026-00006936-00007110 juice for all day if you are watching
+UYZoqywu1-g-00027-00007111-00007319 your week it is even better to drink
+UYZoqywu1-g-00028-00007320-00007606 just water for all day hope i have been
+UYZoqywu1-g-00029-00007608-00007959 able to convince you and not confuse you
+UYZoqywu1-g-00030-00007959-00008246 with my point on why smoothie is better
+UYZoqywu1-g-00031-00008247-00008510 than juice remember everything in
+UYZoqywu1-g-00032-00008511-00008774 moderating caution i am not a
+UYZoqywu1-g-00033-00008775-00009014 nutritionist all points given are based
+UYZoqywu1-g-00034-00009015-00009367 on personal experience
+UYZoqywu1-g-00035-00009368-00009446 being
+UYZoqywu1-g-00036-00009447-00009577 done that
+UYZoqywu1-g-00037-00009578-00009834 [Music]
+Ua7idWh9DX8-00000-00000778-00001510 then I know things life is only on earth
+Ua7idWh9DX8-00001-00001511-00001942 and when I say were alone
+Ua7idWh9DX8-00003-00006414-00006889 [Music]
+Ua7idWh9DX8-00004-00006890-00007270 they people cared about it maybe do
+Ua7idWh9DX8-00005-00007272-00007583 something is important I feel like
+Ua7idWh9DX8-00006-00007584-00009045 somebody's following me
+Ua7idWh9DX8-00007-00009046-00011304 [Music]
+Ua7idWh9DX8-00008-00011305-00011937 [Music]
+Ua7idWh9DX8-00009-00011938-00012500 [Music]
+Ua7idWh9DX8-00010-00012501-00013002 no brakes no problem
+Ua7idWh9DX8-00011-00013003-00015149 [Music]
+Ua7idWh9DX8-00012-00015150-00016672 [Music]
+Ua7idWh9DX8-00013-00016673-00016879 you
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00000-00000035-00000272 so I'm Alma Hodges and I'll be
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00001-00000273-00000473 moderating today's teaching and learning
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00002-00000474-00000883 call today we have a great presentation
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00003-00000884-00001127 that's actually for those of you who
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00004-00001128-00001324 weren't fortunate enough to see it at
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00005-00001325-00001655 open Appirio we have the team here from
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00006-00001655-00001916 Notre Dame to present on their Atlas
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00007-00001917-00002284 winning how to use Sakai and the open
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00008-00002285-00002531 learning record warehouse topic so that
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00009-00002532-00002723 should be a great presentation and I
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00010-00002724-00002900 know I'm excited for it because I didn't
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00011-00002901-00003178 get to see it at the conference so
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00012-00003179-00003529 before we take that on let's go ahead
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00013-00003530-00003776 and just see if there are any project
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00014-00003777-00004019 updates or announcements from the groups
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00015-00004020-00004169 and does anyone have anything that they
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00016-00004170-00005108 would like to announce hi everybody this
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00017-00005109-00005311 is Matt Burgess from UVA just want to
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00018-00005312-00005531 give everybody a quick update on site
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00019-00005532-00005747 builder which is uva x' project that
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00020-00005748-00005911 we've been working on with duke and some
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00021-00005912-00006191 other folks to reimagine site creation
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00022-00006192-00006388 in Sakai so some of you may have seen
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00023-00006389-00006559 our presentation or heard a little bit
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00024-00006561-00006773 about that project at open aperio but
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00025-00006773-00006962 that project has continued to move
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00026-00006963-00007226 forward since open aperio we just
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00027-00007227-00007469 finished a round of usability testing
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00028-00007470-00007751 here with some faculty in stat F at UVA
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00029-00007752-00007988 and now that that's finished we're going
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00030-00007989-00008210 to move on to the actual front-end
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00031-00008211-00008417 design of that project and hope to start
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00032-00008418-00008609 working on both the front end and the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00033-00008610-00008891 back end so that we can be done with the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00034-00008892-00009206 initial development by September or so
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00035-00009207-00009503 so we're hoping to move that forward get
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00036-00009504-00009677 that developed get that tested and
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00037-00009678-00009821 hopefully get that back to the community
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00038-00009822-00010349 probably I summer of 2019 so things are
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00039-00010350-00010478 looking good so far just want to give
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00040-00010479-00010781 you all an update awesome thanks Matt
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00041-00010782-00011017 that's a really exciting project if you
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00042-00011018-00011270 guys have not seen what the UVA team is
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00043-00011271-00011444 working on it's pretty impressive so
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00044-00011445-00011738 that'll be a great addition to Sakai
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00045-00011739-00012167 once it's contributed back and Wilma was
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00046-00012168-00012460 nice enough to put a little link to a
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00047-00012461-00012646 page about the project on the farm
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00048-00012647-00012926 website so if anybody hasn't visited the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00049-00012927-00013255 farm web site pharmd pari org you can
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00050-00013256-00013397 check out a link to the project
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00051-00013397-00013583 Paige there so thanks Wilma for doing
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00052-00013584-00014003 that very welcome um Josh did you want
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00053-00014004-00014366 to give a quick update on 12:3 yeah just
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00054-00014366-00014660 really briefly Josh Wilson from long
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00055-00014661-00015035 sight so I'll channel channel Matt Jones
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00056-00015036-00015182 on this one and just say that the plan
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00057-00015183-00015422 is to have a release candidate this week
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00058-00015422-00015743 some testing and then 12 3 release
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00059-00015744-00015850 toward the end of next week
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00060-00015851-00016138 so that some of that'll be that's in
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00061-00016140-00016436 keeping with the plan to fast-track a
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00062-00016437-00016715 couple of releases early on before the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00063-00016716-00016903 code freeze for the next version so we
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00064-00016904-00017200 can get as many bug fixes into the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00065-00017201-00017884 current release as possible ok great and
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00066-00017885-00018253 just one quick announcement about next
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00067-00018254-00018559 week there's a lamp camp conference
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00068-00018560-00018853 happening next week that's in Berea
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00069-00018854-00019159 Kentucky and if you've not attended
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00070-00019160-00019303 before you might want to think about
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00071-00019304-00019574 maybe attending next year this year
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00072-00019575-00019705 probably a little too soon to make
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00073-00019706-00020018 travel plans but it should be a really
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00074-00020019-00020225 good event they always have a lot of fun
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00075-00020226-00020492 there at later camping it's um it's very
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00076-00020493-00020699 much geared towards teaching and
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00077-00020700-00020924 learning so a lot of faculty in
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00078-00020925-00021190 attendance so that should be fun Josh
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00079-00021191-00021493 and I will both be there and as I think
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00080-00021494-00021812 Laura Keckler from Notre Dame is coming
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00081-00021813-00022394 and I think Dave from University of
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00082-00022395-00022775 Dayton is gonna be there David it's
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00083-00022776-00022880 gonna be talking about the attendance
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00084-00022881-00023137 tool at that conference so we have a few
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00085-00023138-00023530 folks from the larger Appirio sphere
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00086-00023531-00023680 that are going to be attending in
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00087-00023681-00023934 addition to the lamp consortium members
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00088-00023935-00024314 so um so that's a great conference to
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00089-00024315-00024452 attend if you're looking for something
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00090-00024453-00024692 to do in the summer
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00091-00024693-00025009 alright so unless anybody has any other
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00092-00025010-00025183 updates when we'll go ahead and get
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00093-00025184-00025433 started with our headliner here which is
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00094-00025434-00025756 um our Atlas Award winners so I will let
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00095-00025757-00026042 you guys take it away great well thank
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00096-00026043-00026197 you very much and on behalf of the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00097-00026198-00026348 University of Notre Dame we wish you all
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00098-00026349-00026573 a good day and we're delighted to share
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00099-00026574-00026717 with you our presentation from the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00100-00026718-00026777 apparel
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00101-00026777-00027062 conference in June so today we'll be
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00102-00027063-00027377 talking about how we've used Sakai plus
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00103-00027377-00027605 the open learning record warehouse plus
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00104-00027606-00027745 learning analytics to help our
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00105-00027747-00027962 first-year students thrive at the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00106-00027963-00028331 University of Notre Dame first I'd like
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00107-00028332-00028547 to underscore and repeat several times
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00108-00028548-00028687 through the presentation that this has
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00109-00028688-00028970 been a truly collaborative team project
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00110-00028970-00029227 I'm wearing Dawson assistant dean
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00111-00029229-00029402 formerly from first year of studies now
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00112-00029402-00029590 College of Arts and Letters and I'm
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00113-00029591-00029786 delighted to introduce to you judging
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00114-00029787-00030131 duan pat miller kevin abbott and alex
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00115-00030132-00030431 ambrose our great colleagues from the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00116-00030432-00030755 Office of Information Technology and the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00117-00030756-00030886 Kane of Center for Teaching Excellence
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00118-00030887-00031108 weave collaborative worked on this
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00119-00031110-00031244 project and we're delighted to share
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00120-00031245-00031645 with you our work today all information
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00121-00031647-00031789 about this project can be found from
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00122-00031791-00031994 this slide and again this is recorded
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00123-00031995-00032152 and hopefully we can share it for an
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00124-00032154-00032443 even broader audience in the future
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00125-00032444-00032744 again to underscore the collaboration of
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00126-00032745-00032987 this project we note that this was the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00127-00032988-00033170 first and largest collaboration between
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00128-00033171-00033377 an academic unit first year of studies
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00129-00033378-00033565 the collegiate home of all incoming
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00130-00033566-00033740 students with the Division of Student
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00131-00033741-00033959 Affairs and to launch this project it
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00132-00033960-00034145 pulled on the talents of our Kay Knupp
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00133-00034146-00034276 Center office of information
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00134-00034277-00034535 technologies and our interdisciplinary
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00135-00034536-00034724 Center for network science and
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00136-00034725-00034937 applications so great teams coming
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00137-00034938-00035152 together for this project and you can
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00138-00035153-00035340 see our contact information there
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00139-00035341-00035579 additionally in terms of content within
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00140-00035580-00035792 the course we have scores of
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00141-00035793-00035987 partnerships campus-wide and this is
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00142-00035988-00036171 just a sampling of the folks who have
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00143-00036172-00036431 created content for our courses provided
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00144-00036432-00036689 teachers and support campus visits it's
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00145-00036690-00037025 truly a campus project that we present
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00146-00037026-00037471 to you today this is a schematic of the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00147-00037472-00037715 process we've followed in designing this
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00148-00037716-00037883 presentation but more importantly in
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00149-00037884-00038069 designing the Muro first year
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00150-00038070-00038312 experiences courses I will be talking
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00151-00038313-00038501 first about how we design very
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00152-00038502-00038702 intentionally the course to collect data
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00153-00038703-00038990 on how to identify students notify
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00154-00038991-00039161 students then who student performance
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00155-00039162-00039374 throughout the process evaluate our
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00156-00039375-00039569 results and share that reporting with
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00157-00039570-00039851 various constituencies in the student
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00158-00039852-00040158 body and on campus as well
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00159-00040159-00040341 I'll be talking first about couple of
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00160-00040342-00040548 our design principles and then my
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00161-00040549-00040728 learning colleagues will go into the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00162-00040729-00040854 detail about the data collection
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00163-00040855-00041058 identification across these evaluations
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00164-00041059-00041346 and reporting our own first year
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00165-00041347-00041589 experience course is again a campus-wide
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00166-00041590-00041931 initiative it is the largest first year
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00167-00041932-00042207 course on campus intended very
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00168-00042208-00042468 holistically to help students acclimate
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00169-00042469-00042681 and grant to the University of Notre
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00170-00042682-00042999 Dame throughout their first year the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00171-00043000-00043314 course itself is in fact a sequence of
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00172-00043315-00043611 fos 101 in the fall and one oh 102 in
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00173-00043612-00043875 the spring each semester is a greater
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00174-00043876-00044064 course earning students one credit
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00175-00044065-00044283 letter graded it is required of all
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00176-00044284-00044505 first-time first year students thus it
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00177-00044506-00044697 is the only course common to all
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00178-00044698-00044892 students at Notre Dame this was
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00179-00044893-00045156 inaugurated in 2015 so we're going into
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00180-00045157-00045408 our fourth year of the Moreau it is
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00181-00045409-00045600 collaboratively administered by the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00182-00045601-00045735 first year of studies and student
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00183-00045736-00045957 affairs again a model of collaboration
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00184-00045958-00046119 between academics and student affairs
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00185-00046120-00046383 and the entire process really hinges on
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00186-00046384-00046539 the flipped class model of students
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00187-00046540-00046749 actively preparing through our online
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00188-00046750-00047067 resources to engage in a very dynamic
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00189-00047068-00047388 classroom experience the courses meet 12
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00190-00047389-00047721 times per semester and again they come
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00191-00047722-00047949 prepared given our online materials to
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00192-00047950-00048267 maximize that in class or campus visit
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00193-00048268-00048477 experience again the Marella is designed
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00194-00048478-00048732 to very much promote holistic student
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00195-00048733-00048912 development academic experience all
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00196-00048913-00049190 cultural etc and our name derives from
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00197-00049191-00049488 the teachings of pedagogy of Blessed
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00198-00049489-00049638 basil Moreau the founder of the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00199-00049639-00049842 Congregation of holy cross that order
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00200-00049843-00050043 which founded Notre Dame way back in the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00201-00050044-00050442 19th century to put the course in
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00202-00050443-00050904 context as of spring 2018 we have over
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00203-00050905-00051135 2,000 50 students enrolled in the course
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00204-00051136-00051440 we host 114 sections of the course per
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00205-00051441-00051570 semester and that will actually increase
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00206-00051571-00051957 going into fall of 2018 91 percent of
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00207-00051958-00052215 our students consented to participate in
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00208-00052216-00052479 our IRB so we have access to gather and
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00209-00052479-00052707 really analyze student learning
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00210-00052708-00053115 analytics in depth we recruit hire and
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00211-00053116-00053455 train more than 125 instructors
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00212-00053457-00053644 setting more than 50 campus units so
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00213-00053645-00053885 again this invites the entire notre-dame
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00214-00053886-00054082 community to share its collective wisdom
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00215-00054083-00054355 with our incoming students this course
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00216-00054357-00054611 generates over 4,000 credit hours a year
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00217-00054612-00054812 it is the one course come to all
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00218-00054813-00054998 first-year students and second to
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00219-00054999-00055213 chemistry and mathematics combined we
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00220-00055214-00055423 are the third largest course on campus
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00221-00055424-00055732 we estimate that we save students over a
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00222-00055733-00055904 hundred and sixty six thousand dollars a
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00223-00055904-00056125 year in textbooks because all of our
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00224-00056126-00056423 materials are available to students
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00225-00056424-00056842 online and to instructors as well in
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00226-00056844-00057100 design of the course again thinking of
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00227-00057101-00057382 this flipped model we needed a course to
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00228-00057383-00057686 be active and integrating all aspects of
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00229-00057687-00057761 student learning
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00230-00057762-00057943 we designed the course so that all
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00231-00057944-00058144 students could master the material and
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00232-00058145-00058316 have a successful completion of the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00233-00058316-00058562 course and really dig deeply into the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00234-00058563-00058750 critical independent thinking skills
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00235-00058751-00058951 that college students really need to be
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00236-00058952-00059173 successful in their other endeavors
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00237-00059174-00059575 similarly in terms of the design five
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00238-00059576-00059869 basic principles we knew that we had a
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00239-00059870-00060112 high achieving student cohort more than
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00240-00060113-00060331 two dozen students per year how did you
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00241-00060332-00060572 engage them in a hybrid online in-class
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00242-00060573-00060880 course how do we efficiently support
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00243-00060881-00061166 more than 100 instructors coming from
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00244-00061166-00061444 different professional backgrounds how
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00245-00061445-00061687 do we balance a one-credit graded course
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00246-00061688-00061951 over the course of the semesters with
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00247-00061952-00062305 student loads of 15 16 17 sometimes more
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00248-00062306-00062575 than 18 hours of coursework without
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00249-00062576-00062800 textbooks without lectures without exams
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00250-00062801-00063037 making it appropriately rigorous for
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00251-00063038-00063374 Notre Dame fourthly we wondered how we
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00252-00063375-00063575 would standardized assessment and
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00253-00063576-00063872 analytical tools for the course and how
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00254-00063873-00064034 can this course and I think this might
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00255-00064035-00064235 appeal to the audience at large have in
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00256-00064236-00064438 this particular course encouraged
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00257-00064439-00064796 resource resources and research on the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00258-00064797-00065025 support of first-year student learning
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00259-00065026-00065240 regardless of discipline how does this
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00260-00065241-00065390 course translate to other learning
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00261-00065391-00065575 endeavors at our University and
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00262-00065576-00065666 hopefully yours
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00263-00065667-00065897 I'll pass now to Kevin Abbott to talk in
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00264-00065898-00066197 depth about the design challenges in
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00265-00066198-00066524 Sakai thanks Maureen when we were doing
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00266-00066525-00066859 this course Takaya was our standard
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00267-00066860-00067125 system that we use and we decided that
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00268-00067126-00067429 we would utilize Sakai for this and so
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00269-00067430-00067642 some of our challenges we had was Maria
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00270-00067643-00067749 mentioned we have a large number of
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00271-00067750-00068023 sections large number of student using
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00272-00068024-00068232 it and a large number of new teachers so
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00273-00068233-00068501 it's a three big things right there and
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00274-00068502-00068803 what we try to do is we also want to
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00275-00068804-00069087 make sure we would be able to integrate
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00276-00069088-00069231 some learner data and be able to do
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00277-00069232-00069472 research off that and we also want to
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00278-00069473-00069612 create a site that had very minimal
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00279-00069613-00069882 support needs and I think we achieved
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00280-00069883-00070153 all those from this in this particular
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00281-00070154-00070500 project in Sakai we went through and we
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00282-00070501-00070735 looked at trying to use Sakai as sort of
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00283-00070736-00070932 a single hub for everything so they'd
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00284-00070933-00071112 have to go up multiple places to find
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00285-00071113-00071509 things we also sort of centralized the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00286-00071510-00071763 content the super site a lot of it was
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00287-00071764-00071923 mainly four main easy for maintenance
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00288-00071924-00072180 for us but also to be able to click
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00289-00072181-00072462 recording and so we could use that for
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00290-00072463-00072817 data source and we want to be able to
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00291-00072818-00072955 create something that was very friendly
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00292-00072956-00073123 to students and the coursework page
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00293-00073124-00073407 which is where all their course works
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00294-00073408-00073567 that need to complete for each week is
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00295-00073568-00073737 on I'll show you that to you later
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00296-00073738-00073930 that is when we try to make a very
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00297-00073931-00074232 device to friendly for them and we tried
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00298-00074233-00074456 to bring in some visual language cues
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00299-00074457-00074732 and some branding to make sure that
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00300-00074733-00074925 things were very familiar to the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00301-00074926-00075148 students these words that they knew from
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00302-00075149-00075421 before and we also created a custom role
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00303-00075422-00075847 for instructors primarily so that it was
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00304-00075848-00076003 to make it easier for them but also for
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00305-00076004-00076198 us as well so that they couldn't make
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00306-00076199-00076747 any changes and for the single hub we
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00307-00076748-00076936 tried to go through and we customized
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00308-00076937-00077347 tool names we used LTI of course and
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00309-00077348-00077526 education from e-portfolio was one of
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00310-00077527-00077768 those that we used and that that actual
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00311-00077769-00078207 vendor actually wrote the LTI for for us
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00312-00078208-00078478 which was great and for Sakaya so that
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00313-00078479-00078874 we really worked out well we course
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00314-00078875-00079017 utilized a lot of the different tools
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00315-00079018-00079291 and we changed name he was trying to
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00316-00079292-00079486 make it more branded that was very
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00317-00079487-00079909 specific for Muro we all read or article
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00318-00079910-00080167 that for EDUCAUSE about sort of
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00319-00080168-00080350 the sum of the initial parts we did only
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00320-00080351-00080563 for the ng D le and you can see that
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00321-00080564-00080992 link there that's also later - we
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00322-00080993-00081163 centralized content in the super site
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00323-00081164-00081532 mainly that super site was a place to
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00324-00081533-00081913 log and and record all the clicks we
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00325-00081914-00082069 also use Google and it links for clicks
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00326-00082070-00082366 as well and that course or that super
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00327-00082367-00082600 site allowed us to go through and pretty
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00328-00082601-00082867 much mint content changes in one place
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00329-00082868-00083035 and it blew out all the heard in 14th
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00330-00083036-00083221 sections so it made it easy if we had a
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00331-00083222-00083518 maybe a link that was broken on one
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00332-00083519-00083788 particular location then we were able to
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00333-00083789-00083901 go through and make the changes
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00334-00083902-00084055 throughout the entire course very easily
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00335-00084056-00084187 rather than having to go in each one
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00336-00084188-00084601 separately and as we're going over the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00337-00084602-00084876 years we've we evolved and tried to make
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00338-00084877-00085207 this into more of a responsive device
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00339-00085208-00085468 from the design you can see fall 2015
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00340-00085469-00085669 and how we've moved into more of the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00341-00085670-00086007 colors and branding in the spring 2018
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00342-00086008-00086238 here's sort of a larger view of it you
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00343-00086239-00086512 can see the the the mobile actually
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00344-00086513-00086844 that's a phone view on the right so that
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00345-00086845-00087004 gives you an idea of what we tried to do
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00346-00087005-00087339 to make it the colors relate to the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00347-00087340-00087712 particular units and then the icons that
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00348-00087713-00087886 are out there as well make make a big
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00349-00087887-00088180 difference and we try to go through and
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00350-00088181-00088476 use to be pretty consistent with icons
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00351-00088477-00088654 which are these icons the students are
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00352-00088655-00088942 familiar with and we've also tried to
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00353-00088943-00089257 use and try to tie those two particular
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00354-00089258-00089416 things in the syllabus and the gradebook
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00355-00089417-00089629 and just pretty much tried to connect
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00356-00089630-00089821 everything together is tied so they've
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00357-00089822-00090159 been very consistent visually also
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00358-00090160-00090391 textually our language wise we try to
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00359-00090392-00090541 make sure we use words that were very
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00360-00090542-00090772 similar or exactly the same words that
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00361-00090773-00090993 were in the syllabus in the gradebook
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00362-00090994-00091186 just trying to make sure that the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00363-00091187-00091543 students really had no reason not to
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00364-00091544-00091726 know what they were doing and how to get
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00365-00091727-00092155 things done and it worked out well we
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00366-00092156-00092359 also created a custom role and actually
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00367-00092360-00092560 Laura syrah helped to do this and get
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00368-00092561-00092740 clear so we're very thankful for the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00369-00092741-00092994 help they gave on this and it allows us
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00370-00092995-00093298 to sort of lock down the the course so
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00371-00093299-00093550 that they really can't make any change
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00372-00093551-00093751 to it we really don't we will make it as
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00373-00093752-00093904 easy for them as possible is only one
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00374-00093905-00094108 credit out of course so the instructors
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00375-00094109-00094372 you want them to be able to just focus
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00376-00094373-00094651 on using the actual tools rather than
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00377-00094652-00094768 having to go through and create their
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00378-00094769-00094912 own since you really there's no reason
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00379-00094913-00095170 to create thing so this worked out well
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00380-00095171-00095434 for us and helped us to have things very
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00381-00095435-00095842 consistent across 114 sections and our
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00382-00095843-00096154 support needs have been very minimal for
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00383-00096155-00096361 this course which is a credit to Sakai
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00384-00096362-00096682 and Ike also to how we designed the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00385-00096683-00096982 course as well and you know very minimal
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00386-00096983-00097339 support 52 support tickets back in 2015
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00387-00097340-00097474 my first role or that you see us would
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00388-00097475-00097714 have gone down each semesters are you
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00389-00097715-00098056 gone on and you know some of those even
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00390-00098057-00098200 some of those higher numbers are there
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00391-00098201-00098437 are some specific reasons for that have
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00392-00098438-00098769 some minor things that have happened so
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00393-00098770-00099067 very very minimal you see how you should
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00394-00099068-00099226 move into the spring semester how things
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00395-00099227-00099496 go down even further and so we've been
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00396-00099497-00099850 though that our this project has been
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00397-00099851-00100081 very Cigale helped us to make this
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00398-00100082-00100312 project I think very successful we're
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00399-00100313-00100563 very appreciative of how the tools been
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00400-00100564-00100798 being able to be customized and used for
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00401-00100799-00101113 our own purposes I'm gonna pass this on
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00402-00101114-00101542 to Pat and Pat's gonna walk through the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00403-00101543-00102043 collection of data hi on the basis of an
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00404-00102044-00102229 foundation of what come and just
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00405-00102230-00102679 describe in which the course sections
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00406-00102680-00103003 were were built so that we could collect
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00407-00103004-00103284 data I'm now going to talk about the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00408-00103285-00103603 next challenge of actually organizing
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00409-00103604-00103804 and collecting that data but that
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00410-00103805-00104019 foundation was was very essential that
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00411-00104020-00104275 Kevin was describing because without the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00412-00104276-00104500 design of the course we wouldn't have
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00413-00104501-00104638 been able to collect all the data that
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00414-00104639-00105190 we did so this is just a little snapshot
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00415-00105191-00105561 of a whiteboard that we were working
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00416-00105563-00105820 with as we were figuring out how to how
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00417-00105821-00106108 to get the data you can see it it's
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00418-00106108-00106516 quite an unwieldy picture but the next
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00419-00106517-00106908 slide shows you that that we did we did
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00420-00106909-00107163 figure out some ways to get that data
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00421-00107164-00107641 consistently and organized and here you
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00422-00107642-00107941 see Sakai as the hub for gathering the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00423-00107942-00108220 data we were getting data from education
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00424-00108221-00108663 our e-portfolio system Google Analytics
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00425-00108664-00109509 the our cloud data from Sakai and in we
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00426-00109510-00109890 have a redshift database and then the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00427-00109891-00110152 critical part was also the cloud-based
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00428-00110153-00110416 learning record warehouse from the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00429-00110417-00110788 aperio foundation and then we also have
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00430-00110789-00111108 data from our video repositories Panopto
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00431-00111109-00111793 and also Kaltura that's not shown okay
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00432-00111794-00111982 from here I'm going to hand it over to
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00433-00111983-00112288 Joe Jing who will discuss more are the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00434-00112289-00112600 learning record store sure Thank You Pat
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00435-00112601-00112975 so as Pat mentioned after we implemented
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00436-00112976-00113227 this a learning record store every time
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00437-00113228-00113497 a user takes the action in Sakai an X
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00438-00113498-00113776 API statement describing who did what
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00439-00113777-00114073 and what time is an hour and stored
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00440-00114074-00114316 there so in addition to the Sakai data
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00441-00114317-00114601 we also collected the video usage data
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00442-00114602-00114959 from Panopto directly and also the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00443-00114960-00115284 dedication eportfolio data as shown here
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00444-00115285-00115672 if a follow data from education and the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00445-00115673-00115891 Sakai great data from the Sakai
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00446-00115892-00116170 debt-based directly so after we
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00447-00116171-00116326 collecting the data from multiple
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00448-00116327-00116409 sources
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00449-00116410-00116727 I worked them into my tableau desktop
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00450-00116728-00117060 analyzed them and created some customize
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00451-00117061-00117358 the report and then shared those report
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00452-00117358-00117754 and published those reports onto our
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00453-00117755-00118054 tableau server and from there different
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00454-00118055-00118252 stakeholders like assistant Dean's
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00455-00118253-00118546 advisers or researchers can view or
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00456-00118547-00119014 download them and this is just a quick
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00457-00119015-00119299 update we just completed updating the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00458-00119300-00119592 learning record store to warehouse the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00459-00119593-00119977 advantage all warehouses it can ingest
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00460-00119978-00120238 the data from multiple sources in
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00461-00120239-00120735 both X API and calliper format so for
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00462-00120736-00121035 example we tested the X API data from
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00463-00121036-00121324 capture and also the caliper data from
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00464-00121325-00121627 Moodle so hopefully more of the learning
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00465-00121628-00121975 at Tech vendors will implement either X
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00466-00121976-00122334 API our caliper standards so we can just
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00467-00122335-00122572 don't have to manually extract data from
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00468-00122573-00122920 them and as a result of this specially
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00469-00122921-00123181 designed the data collection process we
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00470-00123182-00123408 were able to collect data not only from
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00471-00123409-00123640 multiple resources a multiple sources
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00472-00123641-00123883 but also in both qualitative and
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00473-00123883-00124213 quantitative formats for example we
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00474-00124214-00124584 collected 50 million words from Sakai
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00475-00124585-00124798 and education there were students who
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00476-00124799-00125077 weekly and eportfolio reflections we
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00477-00125078-00125411 collect over 2 million clicks data and
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00478-00125413-00125905 our four hundred four hundred thousand
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00479-00125906-00126181 learning activity records and we also
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00480-00126182-00126400 conduct either early and end all
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00481-00126401-00126613 semester contracts Lovaza
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00482-00126614-00126940 the response rate was over 64 percent
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00483-00126941-00127267 all this contributed to the richness of
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00484-00127268-00127634 our data now I will pass it back to Pat
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00485-00127635-00127993 our next challenge was to identify our
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00486-00127994-00128383 exact goal and how we could ensure and
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00487-00128383-00128605 our basic challenge was to identify the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00488-00128606-00128950 students that could best benefit from
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00489-00128951-00129442 some type of early intervention in the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00490-00129443-00129889 next slide you can see that we our
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00491-00129890-00130051 challenge was basically to ensure that
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00492-00130052-00130273 everyone had the opportunity to thrive
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00493-00130274-00130870 and we targeted the about forty students
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00494-00130871-00131152 that two percent who had issues of its
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00495-00131153-00131460 regard to thriving so that we could
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00496-00131461-00131788 intervene and improve their chances of
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00497-00131789-00132187 success on the next slide I want to take
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00498-00132188-00132430 a look at learning analytics so this is
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00499-00132431-00132676 kind of backtracking to the meaning of
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00500-00132677-00133006 learning analytics and in and kind of
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00501-00133007-00133480 putting some context on our goal the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00502-00133481-00133585 this is a
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00503-00133586-00134131 definition that was provided many years
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00504-00134132-00134613 ago to the field of learning analytics
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00505-00134614-00134860 it's a measurement collection analysis
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00506-00134861-00135216 reporting of data about learners for the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00507-00135217-00135460 purposes of understanding and optimizing
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00508-00135461-00135652 learning and the environments in which
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00509-00135653-00136150 it occurs the the quote was from George
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00510-00136151-00136363 Siemens considered kind of the father of
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00511-00136364-00136648 modern learning analytics and you can
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00512-00136649-00137015 see around the circle there the various
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00513-00137016-00137419 sub disciplines of learning analytics in
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00514-00137420-00137628 our project we focused on early
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00515-00137629-00137839 interventions we looked at some
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00516-00137840-00138291 predictive modeling we even touched on
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00517-00138292-00138739 sentiment analysis and certainly we were
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00518-00138740-00138978 trying to optimize learning success as
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00519-00138979-00139387 well on the next slide we talked a
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00520-00139388-00139597 little bit more about predictive
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00521-00139598-00139963 analytics itself we tried to understand
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00522-00139964-00140134 the student learning based on what
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00523-00140135-00140413 happened in the past what is and what is
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00524-00140414-00140581 happening now so that we could better
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00525-00140582-00140841 predict what will happen in the future
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00526-00140842-00141553 to help our students thrive from here
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00527-00141554-00141751 I'm gonna turn it back over to Maureen
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00528-00141752-00142090 to talk about how we did this and again
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00529-00142091-00142329 one of our bedrock foundational
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00530-00142330-00142468 principles of them are first-year
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00531-00142469-00142641 experiences so that all students should
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00532-00142642-00142813 master this course all students should
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00533-00142814-00143026 be successful not only in these two one
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00534-00143027-00143215 credit courses but throughout their
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00535-00143216-00143509 Notre Dame career in order to make that
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00536-00143510-00143728 happen we wanted very very very
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00537-00143729-00144109 deliberately to keep an eye on early at
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00538-00144110-00144259 pieces of evidence of student learning
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00539-00144260-00144490 and connection with the course we have
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00540-00144491-00144889 two types of identification crises one
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00541-00144890-00145177 very early in the semester be looking at
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00542-00145178-00145426 student work between weeks one and weeks
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00543-00145427-00145693 six how are they actually orienting to
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00544-00145694-00145828 Notre Dame how are they working in this
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00545-00145829-00146086 environment so we look at for an early
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00546-00146087-00146346 identification weeks one through six
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00547-00146347-00146587 students who are missing more than two
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00548-00146588-00146749 homework assignments we've seen over the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00549-00146750-00146844 years that that is the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00550-00146845-00147053 best indication that students aren't
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00551-00147054-00147237 connected to the course they're not
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00552-00147238-00147369 likely to succeed
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00553-00147370-00147693 following that around midterm we look at
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00554-00147694-00147921 our Sakai gradebook and we're looking
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00555-00147922-00148155 for more concrete grading information on
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00556-00148156-00148400 how students are doing in different
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00557-00148401-00148599 assignments throughout the course so
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00558-00148600-00148830 with these two tools we feel confident
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00559-00148831-00148989 that we're seeing not only the whole
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00560-00148990-00149193 class which in general historically a
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00561-00149194-00149331 better game does quite well but we're
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00562-00149332-00149562 finding any students who show very early
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00563-00149563-00149838 signs of distress or students at midterm
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00564-00149839-00150083 who could use an additional boost and
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00565-00150084-00150285 Alex we'll talk more about this in
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00566-00150286-00150717 detail but at these two points because
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00567-00150718-00150900 we have this data we can connect with
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00568-00150901-00151137 the students and again help them find a
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00569-00151138-00151392 way for themselves how to survive how to
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00570-00151393-00151626 thrive in this environment so our
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00571-00151627-00151851 notifications come in two forms in the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00572-00151852-00152103 early notification weeks one through six
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00573-00152104-00152370 we talked to as course administrators
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00574-00152371-00152604 the students directly we send them a
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00575-00152605-00152892 communication so that they can sort of
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00576-00152893-00153117 from the bottom up realize that they may
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00577-00153118-00153360 not be doing well in this course and for
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00578-00153361-00153576 themselves construct a plan to remediate
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00579-00153577-00153855 their work and connect and do better at
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00580-00153856-00154161 the midterm it is much more of a formal
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00581-00154162-00154332 process the course administrators
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00582-00154333-00154608 communicate with the first-year academic
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00583-00154609-00154803 advisors of the students who bring the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00584-00154804-00154971 students in for an appointment and look
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00585-00154972-00155246 very deliberately and in detail at
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00586-00155247-00155487 coursework for the individual student
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00587-00155488-00155742 compared to the grading of the whole
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00588-00155743-00156249 class so again two points of scrutiny
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00589-00156250-00156516 and attention early and midterm so that
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00590-00156517-00157205 all students may succeed and in terms of
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00591-00157206-00157452 actual izing this information again
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00592-00157453-00157587 we're boosting these students
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00593-00157588-00157833 performance so that they like their
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00594-00157834-00158160 colleagues in the largest student cohort
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00595-00158161-00158499 will succeed in the course you can see
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00596-00158500-00158760 on the Left what we send out at the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00597-00158761-00158901 early intervention point this
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00598-00158902-00159120 personalized learner action plan this
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00599-00159121-00159339 goes to the students identified in the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00600-00159340-00159510 first six weeks of the semester who may
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00601-00159511-00159711 have missed homework assignments we ask
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00602-00159712-00159915 them to identify the reasons for which
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00603-00159916-00160122 they're missing this work and what they
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00604-00160123-00160252 will do to
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00605-00160253-00160477 again improve their performances we also
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00606-00160478-00160678 connect this with campus resources so
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00607-00160679-00161077 that any any issue that they may have we
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00608-00161078-00161278 bring to bear on that the campus
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00609-00161279-00161518 resources that can support them at the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00610-00161519-00161686 midterm again it's a more formal process
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00611-00161687-00162001 we loop in the academic advisors so that
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00612-00162002-00162232 the advisors can talk to the students
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00613-00162233-00162586 about their grading data compared to not
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00614-00162587-00162769 only the students other courses but more
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00615-00162770-00162982 importantly to the average scores of
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00616-00162983-00163177 courses of students within the Moreau
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00617-00163178-00163516 first year experience course to go into
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00618-00163517-00163759 this in greater detail it is my pleasure
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00619-00163760-00164131 to pass to Alex Ambrose who will talk
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00620-00164132-00164497 about his research on helping students
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00621-00164498-00164724 to thrive in this learning environment
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00622-00164725-00165013 Thank You Maureen again in this step
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00623-00165014-00165232 number six we're asking how did we do
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00624-00165233-00165541 we're our predictions accurate and did
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00625-00165542-00165787 these analytics based boosts have any
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00626-00165788-00166168 impact on those final grades so this
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00627-00166169-00166378 let's take a look let me walk you
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00628-00166379-00166549 through some of our exciting numbers at
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00629-00166550-00166741 midterm and this is including both our
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00630-00166742-00167074 early and mid semester boost our postdoc
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00631-00167075-00167248 data scientist sees that the majority
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00632-00167249-00167491 the students are thriving this accounts
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00633-00167492-00167770 for 96% of that total first-year student
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00634-00167771-00168121 population that is 1978 students out of
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00635-00168122-00168442 the 2053 tall remember we're defining
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00636-00168443-00168685 the thrive category as running B or
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00637-00168686-00168895 better in this particular course at
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00638-00168896-00169120 midterm based on our historical trends
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00639-00169121-00169381 of the previous two years however we
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00640-00169382-00169765 also identified 75 or 3.6 percent that
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00641-00169766-00170038 total first-year student population that
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00642-00170039-00170143 were not thrived
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00643-00170144-00170323 so we then asked ourselves after those
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00644-00170324-00170659 75 students or were they able to thrive
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00645-00170660-00171181 after we identified and boost them from
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00646-00171182-00171427 what boost intervention we see that 62
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00647-00171428-00171751 of that 75 identified students did
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00648-00171752-00171928 thrive after boost and ended up getting
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00649-00171929-00172147 a B or better by the end of semester and
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00650-00172148-00172522 unfortunately of this 2053 students 13
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00651-00172523-00172723 of those students did not thrive after
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00652-00172724-00172945 the boost so overall we had an average
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00653-00172946-00173268 of 83 percent success rate in
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00654-00173269-00173593 identifying and boosting or most at
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00655-00173594-00173853 students to summarize let me go back and
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00656-00173854-00174063 return to our initial research questions
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00657-00174064-00174575 our initial research goal and hypothesis
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00658-00174576-00174876 our R&D goal was from the beginning to
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00659-00174877-00175108 liberate this data by getting it back in
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00660-00175109-00175275 the hands of learners with this learning
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00661-00175276-00175519 analytics process to boost students
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00662-00175520-00175768 potential to thrive without risk of harm
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00663-00175769-00176115 in an FYE our apophysis was we believe
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00664-00176116-00176361 that this FYE course performance would
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00665-00176362-00176593 be a predictor to overall first semester
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00666-00176594-00176799 cumulative GPA and we were able to
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00667-00176800-00177015 confirm this because on average students
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00668-00177016-00177276 who did not thrive in row b minus or
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00669-00177277-00177586 less did have a lower cumulative GPA
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00670-00177587-00177832 than average first-year students in fact
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00671-00177833-00178002 it was a point seven that average
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00672-00178003-00178191 cumulative cumulative GPA difference
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00673-00178192-00178345 which is pretty significant given our
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00674-00178346-00178689 own campus GPA distribution our research
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00675-00178690-00178875 question breakthroughs were answering
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00676-00178876-00179224 first what is the best and the earliest
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00677-00179225-00179497 predictor and FYE course performance for
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00678-00179498-00179731 us it was missing two or more of those
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00679-00179732-00179995 weekly preparation prompts within the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00680-00179996-00180343 first six weeks second do our early and
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00681-00180344-00180493 mid semester books have a thrive in pack
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00682-00180494-00180859 and we said yes Adria Merced 83% of
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00683-00180860-00181132 times so here you have it this is our Rd
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00684-00181133-00181401 progress we've made so far using stick I
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00685-00181402-00181606 and the open learning record warehouse
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00686-00181607-00181827 with learning analytics to empower
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00687-00181828-00182091 first-year students to thrive you hope
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00688-00182092-00182274 some of this may help you help your
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00689-00182275-00182538 students and at this point I'm going to
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00690-00182539-00182749 turn it back to Shan Shan to wrap up and
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00691-00182750-00183428 Maureen this final stage of reporting
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00692-00183429-00183816 yeah as we just shared um we
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00693-00183817-00184159 specifically designed is a process in
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00694-00184160-00184416 order to be able to collect data and
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00695-00184417-00184650 build reports on those data and then
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00696-00184651-00184873 share reports to different stakeholders
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00697-00184874-00185293 in a very smooth way and with this
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00698-00185294-00185497 information it brings to mind a whole
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00699-00185498-00185668 host of questions that instructors to
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00700-00185669-00185872 administrators and students have about
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00701-00185873-00186019 the course about their performance about
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00702-00186020-00186249 this idea of success on the part of
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00703-00186250-00186414 instructors one of the first questions
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00704-00186415-00186624 that comes to mind again these are
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00705-00186625-00186813 instructors from all parts of the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00706-00186814-00186973 university are mi
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00707-00186974-00187156 instructor grading consistently compared
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00708-00187157-00187353 to other sections and students are very
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00709-00187354-00187621 very sensitive to the question is my
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00710-00187622-00187909 instructor fair is my roommate's
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00711-00187910-00188163 instructor more lenient and joshing what
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00712-00188164-00188400 have we found in terms of instructor
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00713-00188401-00188881 consistency sure as stroll in this cup
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00714-00188882-00189276 bar chart and this shows each
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00715-00189277-00189576 assignments average score allows Amuro
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00716-00189577-00189949 students population and the top red bar
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00717-00189950-00190198 marks the maximum score for that each
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00718-00190199-00190543 for that specific assignment as you can
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00719-00190544-00190752 see our students did very well
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00720-00190753-00191086 in this course and the chart below shows
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00721-00191087-00191449 the distribution of all the sections
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00722-00191450-00191758 average score for each assignment each
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00723-00191759-00192126 dot here represents sections average
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00724-00192127-00192457 score for specific assignment as you can
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00725-00192458-00192804 see except for a few outliers here and
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00726-00192805-00193132 here most of the thoughts fall into a
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00727-00193133-00193435 very narrow range means of grading was
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00728-00193436-00193704 consistent back to you Murray
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00729-00193705-00194086 like and then because all of this hinges
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00730-00194087-00194352 on the data that we pull from Sakai and
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00731-00194353-00194548 and notably from my point of view that's
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00732-00194549-00194773 a high grade book as an administrator of
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00733-00194774-00194976 the course I have to ask which students
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00734-00194977-00195112 and sections are missing assignments
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00735-00195113-00195337 otherwise my data is incomplete or
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00736-00195338-00195576 students made of booze judging how do we
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00737-00195577-00195961 tackle that question yes and this chart
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00738-00195962-00196249 shows how many mr. submissions each
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00739-00196250-00196549 section had on each shows assignment in
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00740-00196550-00196960 a total we had only 119 mr. submissions
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00741-00196961-00197461 out rows over 28,000 possible
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00742-00197462-00197695 submissions for this semester this is
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00743-00197696-00197911 more evidence for this course design was
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00744-00197912-00198106 very effective yeah and that students
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00745-00198107-00198315 are engaged instructors are grading it's
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00746-00198316-00198685 a phenomenal success and only 119
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00747-00198686-00198903 submissions are missing at a such a
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00748-00198904-00199432 large number of total submissions that
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00749-00199433-00199701 said again on the sort of the note of
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00750-00199702-00199894 engagement and connectedness to the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00751-00199895-00200139 materials program directors are really
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00752-00200140-00200283 interested you know
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00753-00200284-00200513 the students accessing the materials
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00754-00200514-00200847 which ones are most engaging which ones
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00755-00200848-00201123 will we keep as we adapt and improve the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00756-00201124-00201312 course year to year and what's the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00757-00201313-00201498 optimal timing for selecting course
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00758-00201499-00201735 content given the academic calendar at
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00759-00201736-00202356 Notre Dame sure the chart on the Left
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00760-00202357-00202623 shows the total number of unique clicks
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00761-00202624-00203013 each chose of course resources the green
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00762-00203014-00203259 color represents resources that were
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00763-00203260-00203487 clicked by over 90 percent of the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00764-00203488-00203768 students and the red color represents
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00765-00203769-00203988 resources that were clicked by less than
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00766-00203989-00204321 75% of the students an orange color
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00767-00204322-00204558 represents number in between and the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00768-00204559-00204816 council we can say among the majority of
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00769-00204817-00205056 the resources were clicked by over 90
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00770-00205057-00205260 percent of the students we can also
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00771-00205261-00205530 drill down to find out the most clicked
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00772-00205531-00205755 resources and the list click resources
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00773-00205756-00206048 for example this chart shows the top
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00774-00206050-00206379 five most click resources as you can see
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00775-00206380-00206634 two of them are instructions and
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00776-00206635-00206867 assignments if good that our students
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00777-00206869-00207183 read to read as assignments instructions
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00778-00207184-00207732 and the track below here shows a bottom
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00779-00207733-00207987 five list click resources one feature
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00780-00207988-00208257 all of them Cheryl is there were
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00781-00208258-00208488 scheduled towards the end of the course
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00782-00208489-00208815 for example three of those resources
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00783-00208816-00209139 were scheduled at the last week of the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00784-00209140-00209337 course so this is telling us not to
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00785-00209338-00209642 schedule the important topics at the end
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00786-00209644-00209844 of the course and our students and their
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00787-00209844-00210017 instructors fatigue by the end of a long
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00788-00210019-00210303 and difficult semester we're also
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00789-00210304-00210546 curious about this idea of the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00790-00210546-00210732 effectiveness of the flipped class model
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00791-00210733-00210944 yeah how do we know as instructors if
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00792-00210946-00211101 our students are accessing course
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00793-00211102-00211326 content before class as instructed and
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00794-00211327-00211554 thus are they really prepared for class
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00795-00211555-00211857 and does the online preparedness match
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00796-00211858-00212117 in class preparation in any particular
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00797-00212119-00212739 way yes and this tree map shows the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00798-00212740-00212988 total number of clicks each student had
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00799-00212989-00213207 and other resources each block
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00800-00213208-00213516 represents a student for example this
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00801-00213517-00213623 circle
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00802-00213623-00213938 student pen had a total number of 11
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00803-00213939-00214181 clicks all the resources we can also
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00804-00214182-00214421 drill down to find out which resources
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00805-00214421-00214664 the student clicked for how many times
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00806-00214665-00214925 and which resources the student didn't
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00807-00214926-00215383 click so example this height this record
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00808-00215384-00215692 student 10 didn't it click any resources
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00809-00215694-00216092 in week 9 big pain and week 11 so an
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00810-00216092-00216283 instructor really could know again that
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00811-00216284-00216457 the students not connecting with course
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00812-00216458-00216721 material and that's cores out an
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00813-00216723-00216857 opportunity for conversation
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00814-00216858-00217376 sure yeah much of the course material is
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00815-00217377-00217565 reading materials but much is also
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00816-00217566-00217894 videos so we want to know as instructors
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00817-00217896-00218063 and do students watch the videos and
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00818-00218064-00218291 actually how much of the video are they
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00819-00218292-00218821 watching mm-hmm yeah that's true in this
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00820-00218821-00219314 packed bubble charge we can find out how
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00821-00219315-00219542 many minutes the students spend on
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00822-00219542-00219932 watching those five videos for example
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00823-00219933-00220333 this circled student well spent over 20
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00824-00220334-00220534 minutes are watching those five videos
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00825-00220535-00220759 again we can drill down to find out
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00826-00220760-00221039 which videos are student watched for how
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00827-00221040-00221231 long and which radio the student didn't
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00828-00221232-00221533 watch for example this student student
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00829-00221534-00221794 one didn't know watch either of this
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00830-00221796-00222164 video and this way and also to
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00831-00222165-00222391 extrapolate a little bit this helps us
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00832-00222392-00222694 convey to our content providers that
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00833-00222696-00222854 videos should be shorter rather than
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00834-00222855-00223060 longer and it also helps us improve
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00835-00223061-00223219 course contents his message to the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00836-00223221-00223382 message to see what the average student
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00837-00223383-00223703 is watching and at what level of
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00838-00223704-00224171 intensity or frequency with all of this
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00839-00224171-00224381 information and with students in mind
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00840-00224382-00224603 instructors in mind and larger campus
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00841-00224604-00224825 imperatives in mind perhaps though the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00842-00224826-00225062 largest question to ask at the end of
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00843-00225063-00225269 things is is the course improving year
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00844-00225269-00225457 to year and thanks to all of this data
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00845-00225458-00225665 plus surveys administered both
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00846-00225666-00225898 internally and through the Provost's
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00847-00225900-00226031 office our course instructors feedback
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00848-00226032-00226331 survey we would like to know in detail
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00849-00226332-00226538 how the course looks over its history
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00850-00226539-00226940 from fall 15 through spring 18 these
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00851-00226941-00227056 chart
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00852-00227057-00227221 showed the different composite scores
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00853-00227223-00227392 from our course information feedback
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00854-00227394-00227696 form and we can see clearly that in all
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00855-00227696-00227906 measures clarity and organization
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00856-00227907-00228101 overall instructor composite score
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00857-00228102-00228326 stimulation of learning and guidance and
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00858-00228327-00228559 support we can see an upward trend of
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00859-00228560-00228781 student satisfaction with the course
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00860-00228782-00228982 we're extremely pleased about this this
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00861-00228983-00229316 is a large required class this is great
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00862-00229317-00229754 news on campus that the course is well
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00863-00229755-00229937 received by students as these trends
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00864-00229938-00230144 tick upward we have an 80 percent
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00865-00230144-00230392 retention rate of instructors coming
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00866-00230394-00230581 back for a second and third year of
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00867-00230582-00230873 teaching so the indications are good
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00868-00230873-00231113 thanks to the very assiduous data
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00869-00231114-00231307 collection of our collaborative teams
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00870-00231308-00231634 but the course is indeed improving on
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00871-00231635-00231875 campus for the benefit of our first-year
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00872-00231876-00232250 students and I will pass back to Kevin
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00873-00232251-00232562 to summarize again the lessons from the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00874-00232563-00232763 design and what might apply at your
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00875-00232764-00233054 campuses so we're looking at what we
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00876-00233055-00233242 learned from this the last three years
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00877-00233244-00233467 we have learned that it's - it is very
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00878-00233469-00233690 scalable we can take this other large
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00879-00233691-00233905 courses and in fact we're doing that
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00880-00233906-00234046 this semester we're working with
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00881-00234048-00234259 engineering as well as our department of
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00882-00234260-00234500 science or our College of Science as
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00883-00234501-00234844 well and other courses - to be able to
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00884-00234846-00235115 use this and hopefully enrich our core
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00885-00235116-00235304 data as well so I have more data to be
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00886-00235305-00235577 able to help us to guide students help
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00887-00235578-00235771 them try better in the first-year
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00888-00235773-00236267 experience we also found that the Sakai
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00889-00236267-00236513 the open learning record warehouse and
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00890-00236514-00236725 tableau connection has really helped us
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00891-00236726-00236975 to be able to produce some great reports
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00892-00236976-00237287 and as you can see some of the reports
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00893-00237288-00237701 we've had it's very useful data and that
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00894-00237702-00237919 connection has helped us also to be able
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00895-00237921-00238042 to learn a lot of things that we didn't
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00896-00238044-00238255 think we could whenever at the very
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00897-00238256-00238381 beginning thought we would learn or
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00898-00238382-00238621 understand so it's been very useful for
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00899-00238623-00238904 that and we've also learned a design for
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00900-00238905-00239216 the course has been very crucial for us
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00901-00239217-00239471 and helping us to remove the student
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00902-00239471-00239785 barriers so that we can - learning but
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00903-00239786-00240062 also help to collect good data and to
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00904-00240063-00240215 enable analysis that we've been able to
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00905-00240216-00240393 do
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00906-00240394-00240682 we've also found that we can help our
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00907-00240683-00240895 students thrive by using learning
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00908-00240896-00241069 analytics and we've sort of proven that
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00909-00241070-00241378 this past few semesters and you saw the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00910-00241379-00241597 information Alex talked about so I think
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00911-00241598-00241894 that is a very important lesson we
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00912-00241895-00242221 learned and patience we've been doing
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00913-00242222-00242390 this for three years now going to our
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00914-00242391-00242647 fourth year and it's taken a lot of work
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00915-00242648-00243028 and expertise to get this growing but
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00916-00243029-00243244 also it's taking a lot of time so that's
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00917-00243245-00243412 something that we need to make sure that
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00918-00243413-00243625 people understand this is not something
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00919-00243626-00243767 that this happened just this past
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00920-00243767-00243928 semester it takes a lot of time to do
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00921-00243929-00244296 these things and some of our next steps
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00922-00244297-00244525 I can mention we're planning on working
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00923-00244526-00244691 with other large first-year courses
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00924-00244692-00244873 we're doing that right now getting them
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00925-00244874-00245056 ready for a fall
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00926-00245057-00245485 we plan to put used dashboards and we're
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00927-00245486-00245663 looking at their Marist open analytics
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00928-00245664-00245902 as well in their predictive modeling and
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00929-00245903-00246133 we like to text mine a lot of our
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00930-00246134-00246292 written reflections which is a ton of
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00931-00246294-00246478 data out there and I forget how much
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00932-00246479-00246769 data we had is a large number and we
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00933-00246770-00246976 also would like to complete our
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00934-00246977-00247294 implementation of the the LR W which we
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00935-00247295-00247597 have now finally so we're on track for
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00936-00247598-00248230 that and here's some of our sort of our
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00937-00248231-00248503 related references if you'd like to see
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00938-00248504-00248690 some of the articles that come out of
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00939-00248691-00249341 this or because of this and here's again
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00940-00249342-00249601 a link to the project and our contact
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00941-00249602-00249865 information and now we'd like to open
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00942-00249866-00250156 this up to questions and I see that
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00943-00250157-00250627 there are already some in the chat yes
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00944-00250628-00250876 that's a very good question yeah as a
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00945-00250877-00251230 click clicks and the resources can mean
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00946-00251231-00251410 a lot of things
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00947-00251411-00251827 and thanks to Kevin and Alex and they
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00948-00251828-00252031 connected us with a research group in
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00949-00252032-00252295 our computer science department and they
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00950-00252296-00252529 are helping us to analyze the sequence
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00951-00252530-00252890 how the sequences are clicks we hope
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00952-00252891-00253123 hopefully we can find out more
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00953-00253124-00253423 information to find out if the clicks is
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00954-00253424-00253684 a result of confusion or if the click
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00955-00253685-00253754 clicks
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00956-00253755-00254015 simply a result of interest in the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00957-00254016-00254173 resources thank you for that question
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00958-00254175-00254501 it's very good question I'm not sure if
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00959-00254502-00254708 I answered your question and in fact it
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00960-00254709-00255089 is flowy yes just like to add to the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00961-00255090-00255275 other area we're looking at this click
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00962-00255276-00255689 sequences did they date err they did not
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00963-00255690-00255986 click on a Content resource before they
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00964-00255987-00256165 answer the homework assignment so maybe
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00965-00256166-00256340 maybe they didn't actually do the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00966-00256341-00256481 reading and they kind of phoned in a
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00967-00256482-00256727 light reflection or looking at that as
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00968-00256728-00256907 well so that's a great question to point
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00969-00256908-00257248 us to a deeper flashlight into the clip
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00970-00257250-00257783 click streams yes and we have to realize
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00971-00257784-00257969 that just because someone also clicked
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00972-00257969-00258094 on a research doesn't mean they actually
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00973-00258096-00258410 read the resource in the case of the
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00974-00258411-00258571 videos we do have a pretty good
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00975-00258573-00258911 understanding of how long the student
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00976-00258912-00259109 watched the videos because we can get
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00977-00259110-00259369 that data but unfortunately once you
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00978-00259371-00259601 click a PDF you know you don't really
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00979-00259602-00259931 have any indication if the student
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00980-00259932-00260569 actually read it or not so you have to
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00981-00260571-00260738 take it in you know in conjunction with
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00982-00260739-00263369 other data any other questions
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00983-00263370-00263612 anyone else have a question this first
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00984-00263613-00264978 research okay great contact information
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00985-00264979-00265418 and thank you very much for for reviving
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00986-00265419-00265619 that presentation for us from a firm
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00987-00265620-00265874 open appear I was very informative I'm
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00988-00265875-00266042 sure it's gonna give folks lots of ideas
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00989-00266043-00266350 on things that they can do at their own
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00990-00266351-00266632 institutions along these lines so thank
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00991-00266633-00266894 you very much all of you for sharing
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00992-00266895-00267269 your experience with us so we have a few
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00993-00267270-00267426 minutes left
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00994-00267427-00267658 typically we and we take a couple
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00995-00267659-00267925 minutes to talk about future meetings
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00996-00267926-00268346 themes or topics so I don't know if
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00997-00268347-00268702 anybody has any suggestions for things
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00998-00268703-00269020 that they would like to see for future
+UcCBIoEtTCu-00999-00269021-00269278 teaching and learning calls I don't know
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01000-00269279-00269500 let me look and see do we have the next
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01001-00269501-00269980 few booked out Matt do you recall I knew
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01002-00269981-00270212 we had a few people lined up and I can't
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01003-00270213-00270475 remember when they were speaking I think
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01004-00270476-00270754 we do have an opening on August 1st I
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01005-00270755-00270925 know that's a difficult time for many
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01006-00270926-00271075 people because we're starting to get
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01007-00271076-00271262 into the back-to-school time but we do
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01008-00271263-00271370 have an opening right now
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01009-00271371-00271712 on August 1st on August 15th we have
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01010-00271713-00271916 another Atlas award-winning presentation
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01011-00271917-00272134 so Michael Friesen from University of
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01012-00272135-00272438 Western Ontario is going to recap his
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01013-00272439-00272741 presentation on online learning socially
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01014-00272742-00272977 and safely and then I think at some
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01015-00272978-00273208 point we are gonna have another
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01016-00273209-00273535 presentation from Notre Dame with Laura
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01017-00273536-00273805 Geller and Allison Lansky talking about
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01018-00273806-00274054 some of the things they've done to bring
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01019-00274055-00274448 the ng D le the infamous ng D le to
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01020-00274449-00274879 Sakai now at Notre Dame that has not
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01021-00274880-00275059 been officially scheduled yet but
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01022-00275060-00275251 probably sometime coming up in September
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01023-00275252-00276218 or October okay oh there's anybody want
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01024-00276219-00276702 to volunteer for August first
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01025-00276703-00276897 [Music]
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01026-00276898-00277558 during background music all right well
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01027-00277559-00277723 if anybody does think of something that
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01028-00277724-00277924 they would like to present on the August
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01029-00277925-00278167 first please let either me Matt or
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01030-00278168-00278374 Trisha know and we'd be happy to add you
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01031-00278375-00278656 to this schedule if not I'm sure that
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01032-00278657-00278887 that's probably a good opportunity for a
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01033-00278888-00279079 JIRA Palooza that we haven't done in a
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01034-00279080-00279304 little while there's always lots of
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01035-00279305-00279502 teaching and learning JIRA's that we can
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01036-00279503-00280080 get feedback from the group on so um so
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01037-00280081-00280372 provided that we don't have a presenter
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01038-00280373-00280594 well plan on your Palooza for August
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01039-00280595-00280972 first but hopefully you will join us for
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01040-00280973-00281485 the the 15th which is that Michael
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01041-00281486-00281881 Freesat and Atlas presentation and and
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01042-00281882-00282136 then the notre-dame session which will
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01043-00282137-00282630 come after once we settle on a date so
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01044-00282631-00283135 see if there's anything else any other
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01045-00283136-00283380 topics people would like to request
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01046-00283381-00283594 perhaps that we can reach out to
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01047-00283595-00284772 presenters about
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01048-00284773-00285042 nope oh maybe that was a vote for
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01049-00285043-00285812 karaoke I was at the music chat
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01050-00285813-00286173 alright okay well I guess we will wrap
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01051-00286174-00286446 up a couple minutes early then so thank
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01052-00286447-00286629 you everyone for joining us and thanks
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01053-00286630-00286764 again to our presenters for sharing
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01054-00286765-00287055 their wonderful presentation with us and
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01055-00287056-00287463 I hope you all have a great day Thank
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01056-00287464-00287766 You Pepe thanks presenters this was
+UcCBIoEtTCu-01057-00287767-00288000 awesome
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00000-00000337-00000571 [Music]
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00001-00000572-00000808 so to close out
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00002-00000809-00001073 um we just wanted to revisit the work
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00003-00001074-00001258 plan activities that we've reviewed
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00004-00001259-00001445 yesterday
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00005-00001446-00001601 um thinking about what we're going to
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00006-00001602-00002014 propose for next year and then um Malika
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00007-00002016-00002147 and
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00008-00002148-00002429 Philly
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00009-00002430-00002729 uh we'll give some final remarks
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00010-00002730-00002879 um so hopefully I can run through these
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00011-00002880-00003023 quickly and then
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00012-00003024-00003100 um
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00013-00003101-00003299 you guys can all go and enjoy the
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00014-00003300-00003604 weather Etc afterwards
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00015-00003605-00003772 um
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00016-00003773-00004061 so just to run through
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00017-00004061-00004120 um
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00018-00004121-00004283 some of the comments that came up
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00019-00004284-00004463 yesterday and I apologize I wasn't able
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00020-00004464-00004625 to attend the last part of the session
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00021-00004626-00004847 when this was discussed so
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00022-00004848-00004972 um definitely
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00023-00004973-00005261 um tell us if we've missed anything
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00024-00005262-00005351 um
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00025-00005352-00005620 but I believe so we've got some work
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00026-00005621-00005801 continuing starting with the guidance
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00027-00005802-00006059 that I didn't um selection of identified
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00028-00006060-00006370 Hotspots for OCB use and strengthening
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00029-00006371-00006628 The Gabby process I believe one of the
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00030-00006629-00006910 comments um yesterday was to add in a
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00031-00006911-00007014 piece about
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00032-00007015-00007283 providing feedback to Gabby on the
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00033-00007284-00007517 market shaping roadmap so we've added
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00034-00007518-00007678 that in
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00035-00007679-00008083 um we have the um guidelines for
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00036-00008084-00008321 developing the guidelines for allocation
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00037-00008322-00008603 of OCB for preventative campaigns which
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00038-00008604-00008777 we've discussed a bit this morning and
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00039-00008778-00008974 setting up a subgroup to start tackling
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00040-00008975-00009185 that and then
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00041-00009186-00009317 um the other piece that came from
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00042-00009318-00009551 yesterday I don't know if Salim is here
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00043-00009552-00009689 yet
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00044-00009690-00009983 um was supporting the icg Secretariat
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00045-00009984-00010289 with a revision of their guidelines as
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00046-00010290-00010559 well for countries and then two things
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00047-00010560-00010906 that I've added in um italicized text at
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00048-00010907-00011153 the bottom of the guidance section that
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00049-00011154-00011291 I felt came up in some of the
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00050-00011292-00011483 conversations was perhaps doing a
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00051-00011484-00011855 summary of the evidence on single dose
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00052-00011856-00012071 duration of protection from single dose
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00053-00012072-00012281 OCB because I feel like that's relevant
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00054-00012282-00012599 for reactive use and
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00055-00012600-00012778 um it's kind of a piece missing
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00056-00012779-00012983 currently in the at least the published
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00057-00012984-00013211 literature but then also that
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00058-00013212-00013372 um there's been a few studies recently
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00059-00013373-00013577 on co-administration and that came up as
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00060-00013578-00013822 well this afternoon so coming to see if
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00061-00013823-00014003 if we can if we have enough new evidence
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00062-00014004-00014297 to put together a paper on that for the
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00063-00014297-00014507 operations section
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00064-00014508-00014788 um continue our plan training and have
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00065-00014790-00015011 noted abhishek's request to think about
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00066-00015012-00015280 accelerating the training
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00067-00015281-00015551 um we were ready as you heard yesterday
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00068-00015552-00015725 and we were really
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00069-00015726-00015983 um excited about it we're very happy to
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00070-00015984-00016175 see the positive response we got from
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00071-00016176-00016457 the countries that attended Nigeria and
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00072-00016458-00016661 look forward to expanding this into
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00073-00016662-00016883 southeast Asia
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00074-00016884-00016997 um
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00075-00016998-00017357 and then in bold is the kind of new or
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00076-00017358-00017525 extended piece of this which is to make
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00077-00017526-00017675 sure we've got something online so
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00078-00017676-00017813 people can use it as a refresher
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00079-00017814-00018025 training or we can expand it to other
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00080-00018026-00018391 members of Mohs that are interested to
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00081-00018392-00018713 receive the training as well
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00082-00018714-00018941 um
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00083-00018942-00019127 and then the other bit we've added that
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00084-00019128-00019289 was different to yesterday and we've
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00085-00019290-00019486 seen italics that include documents and
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00086-00019487-00019619 website I think that was about all the
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00087-00019620-00019769 Gabby documents to make sure they're
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00088-00019770-00020003 available on the gtf CCU website so that
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00089-00020004-00020357 countries can easily access them and
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00090-00020358-00020657 um I noted in the comments that had been
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00091-00020658-00020819 collected from the discussion there was
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00092-00020820-00021029 quite a few points on demand and
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00093-00021030-00021325 documenting demand and I've put that in
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00094-00021326-00021689 italicized text uh because
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00095-00021690-00021905 um I'm not sure exactly how it would fit
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00096-00021906-00022063 in with the working group I think we can
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00097-00022064-00022385 continue to track country forecasts I
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00098-00022386-00022517 think this has been a useful exercise
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00099-00022518-00022639 this afternoon
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00100-00022640-00023105 but also speaking with Olivia uh
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00101-00023106-00023327 consider what they did for malaria which
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00102-00023328-00023614 was getting an expression of Interest so
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00103-00023615-00023849 um getting that big picture ideal Demand
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00104-00023850-00024058 versus that kind of balanced realistic
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00105-00024059-00024394 Demand versus Supply piece and then
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00106-00024395-00024617 continuing with the the data sharing
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00107-00024618-00024850 elements that we mentioned yesterday and
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00108-00024851-00025061 then the last thing I wanted to
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00109-00025062-00025336 summarize was the research discussion
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00110-00025337-00025649 that you had yesterday and it seems like
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00111-00025650-00026002 the trends were the the five identified
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00112-00026004-00026411 priority areas were still relevant but
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00113-00026412-00026645 that it was clear that we weren't really
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00114-00026645-00026879 doing anything on number three which is
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00115-00026880-00027118 the integration of wash and OCB and that
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00116-00027119-00027311 that needs to be considered for next
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00117-00027312-00027605 year and that we need more on impact and
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00118-00027606-00027785 ve
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00119-00027786-00027995 um and then the discovery of vaccines
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00120-00027995-00028223 was just noted as not necessarily a
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00121-00028224-00028402 priority as such but something that was
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00122-00028404-00028840 ongoing and then several new areas of
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00123-00028841-00029117 Interest were highlighted during the
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00124-00029118-00029249 discussion which I've written in the
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00125-00029250-00029531 text on the side there one was evidence
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00126-00029532-00029717 to demonstrate safe use among pregnant
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00127-00029718-00029820 women
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00128-00029822-00030064 more evidence on duration of protection
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00129-00030066-00030245 and perhaps a kind of lesson learned or
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00130-00030245-00030570 case study on Haiti and then
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00131-00030572-00030833 documenting the impact of controlled
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00132-00030833-00031067 temperature chain use of I see the on
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00133-00031068-00031229 color of programs whether that be
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00134-00031230-00031462 improvements and coverage Etc by using
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00135-00031463-00031840 it outside of the cold chain and
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00136-00031841-00032033 looking at how we're going to assess
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00137-00032033-00032227 vaccine Effectiveness
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00138-00032227-00032411 post-shankle when that's removed from
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00139-00032412-00032662 the market whether that be more of an
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00140-00032663-00032957 adjustment of the regulatory
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00141-00032958-00033155 requirements to see what they'll accept
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00142-00033156-00033407 or do we need more studies given
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00143-00033408-00033689 different vaccine designs Etc and one
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00144-00033690-00033929 thing that Malika and I wanted to flag
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00145-00033930-00034133 as well I think was some discussion
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00146-00034134-00034355 yesterday about it but was we really
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00147-00034356-00034685 want to start working on strengthening
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00148-00034686-00034996 feedback or updates from the research
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00149-00034997-00035165 Community or from different research
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00150-00035166-00035507 studies to the OCD working group we feel
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00151-00035508-00035645 like it's kind of split a little bit
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00152-00035646-00036017 between research and applied in terms of
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00153-00036018-00036185 getting the program moving so trying to
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00154-00036186-00036395 bring that together more cohesively and
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00155-00036396-00036773 so look forward to getting input from
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00156-00036774-00037121 those over so unless anyone has any
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00157-00037122-00037307 feedback or have missed anything I think
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00158-00037308-00037517 we managed to do this in less than 10
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00159-00037518-00038057 minutes but open it for any questions
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00160-00038058-00038267 nope
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00161-00038268-00038585 okay that I'll take that as everyone's
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00162-00038586-00038783 happy with next year's work and research
+Ud3EqJN6D9E-00163-00038784-00039008 plan
+UdaACO5-LiU-00000-00000265-00000488 when I discovered that we will be
+UdaACO5-LiU-00001-00000488-00000722 exhibiting in the military pool cuz I
+UdaACO5-LiU-00002-00000723-00001191 mean I was very excited because
+UdaACO5-LiU-00003-00001192-00001393 for me coming back to the Spade is kind
+UdaACO5-LiU-00004-00001394-00001672 of making a circle because that was the
+UdaACO5-LiU-00005-00001673-00001951 place where I about two years ago
+UdaACO5-LiU-00006-00001952-00002404 realize that I have found the topic that
+UdaACO5-LiU-00007-00002405-00002772 I would like to work with and that is
+UdaACO5-LiU-00008-00002773-00003022 working from the spatial and temporal
+UdaACO5-LiU-00009-00003023-00003406 context of the space so coming to
+UdaACO5-LiU-00010-00003407-00003535 kassadin I have already partially
+UdaACO5-LiU-00011-00003536-00003779 understood which would mean but
+UdaACO5-LiU-00012-00003781-00003960 the exhibition that we are preparing I
+UdaACO5-LiU-00013-00003961-00004119 have been conducting a further
+UdaACO5-LiU-00014-00004120-00004419 investigation about the space itself and
+UdaACO5-LiU-00015-00004420-00004890 about the options that
+UdaACO5-LiU-00016-00004891-00005030 [Music]
+UdaACO5-LiU-00017-00005031-00005326 consciously trying to do is to create
+UdaACO5-LiU-00018-00005327-00005618 what I've called methodology of care and
+UdaACO5-LiU-00019-00005619-00006068 just to almost make a manual
+UdaACO5-LiU-00020-00006069-00006445 material guide in how to establish
+UdaACO5-LiU-00021-00006447-00006901 certain practices that which heal the
+UdaACO5-LiU-00022-00006902-00007331 objects that we encounter in the space
+UdaACO5-LiU-00023-00007331-00007727 that through their materiality and
+UdaACO5-LiU-00024-00007728-00007984 through the association's are they about
+UdaACO5-LiU-00025-00007984-00008333 already have the concept of healing and
+UdaACO5-LiU-00026-00008334-00008528 of care in them so for me it's also
+UdaACO5-LiU-00027-00008529-00008807 important to address not only the object
+UdaACO5-LiU-00028-00008808-00008975 but also the body that comes into the
+UdaACO5-LiU-00029-00008976-00009346 space so I'm trying to talk also about
+UdaACO5-LiU-00030-00009347-00009539 the relationship between the individual
+UdaACO5-LiU-00031-00009540-00009866 bodies and the objects and the
+UdaACO5-LiU-00032-00009867-00010065 surrounding
+UdaACO5-LiU-00033-00010066-00011023 [Music]
+UdaACO5-LiU-00034-00011024-00011245 [Music]
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00000-00000046-00000388 extra vehicular activity IVA is any
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00001-00000389-00000634 activity done by an astronaut or
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00002-00000635-00000902 cosmonaut outside a spacecraft beyond
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00003-00000902-00001237 the Earth's appreciable atmosphere the
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00004-00001238-00001457 term most commonly applies to a
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00005-00001458-00001742 spacewalk made outside a craft orbiting
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00006-00001743-00001964 earth such as the International Space
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00007-00001964-00002249 Station but also has applied to lunar
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00008-00002250-00002516 surface exploration commonly known as
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00009-00002517-00002774 moon walks performed by six pairs of
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00010-00002775-00003005 American astronauts in the Apollo
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00011-00003006-00003629 program from 1969 to 1972 on each of the
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00012-00003629-00003872 last three of these missions astronauts
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00013-00003872-00004175 also performed deep-space ava's on the
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00014-00004176-00004394 return to earth to retrieve film
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00015-00004395-00004606 canisters from the outside of the
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00016-00004607-00005079 spacecraft astronauts also used Eva in
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00017-00005080-00005438 1973 to repair launch damage to Skylab
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00018-00005439-00005836 the United States first space station
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00019-00005837-00006331 a stand-up IVA Siva is when an astronaut
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00020-00006332-00006606 does not fully leave a spacecraft but as
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00021-00006608-00006870 completely reliant on the spacesuit for
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00022-00006872-00007213 environmental support its name derives
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00023-00007214-00007614 from the astronaut standing up in the
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00024-00007615-00007935 open hatch usually to record or assist a
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00025-00007936-00008299 spacewalking astronaut ava's may be
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00026-00008300-00008518 either tethered the astronaut is
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00027-00008519-00008785 connected to the spacecraft oxygen and
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00028-00008786-00009021 electrical power can be supplied through
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00029-00009022-00009274 an umbilical cable no propulsion as
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00030-00009275-00009508 needed to return to the spacecraft or
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00031-00009509-00009849 untethered untethered spacewalks were
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00032-00009850-00010207 only performed on three missions in 1984
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00033-00010208-00010513 using the manned maneuvering unit MMU
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00034-00010514-00010860 and on a flight test in 1994 of the
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00035-00010861-00011173 simplified aid for Eva rescue safer a
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00036-00011174-00011559 safety device worn on tethered u.s. Avis
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00037-00011560-00011913 the Soviet Union Russia the United
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00038-00011914-00012373 States and China have conducted a VA's
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00039-00012374-00012720 you
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00040-00012721-00013363 topic development history
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00041-00013363-00013660 NASA planners invented the term extra
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00042-00013661-00013927 vehicular activity abbreviated with the
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00043-00013928-00014022 acronym IVA
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00044-00014024-00014316 in the early 1960s for the Apollo
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00045-00014318-00014622 program two land men on the moon because
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00046-00014624-00014788 the astronauts would leave the
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00047-00014788-00015043 spacecraft to collect lunar material
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00048-00015044-00015262 samples and deploy scientific
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00049-00015263-00015597 experiments to support this and other
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00050-00015599-00015928 Apollo objectives the Gemini program was
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00051-00015929-00016162 spun off to develop the capability for
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00052-00016163-00016435 astronauts to work outside a two-man
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00053-00016436-00016807 earth orbiting spacecraft however the
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00054-00016808-00017089 Soviet Union was fiercely competitive in
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00055-00017090-00017326 holding the early lead it had gained in
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00056-00017327-00017446 manned spaceflight
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00057-00017447-00017707 so the Soviet Communist Party led by
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00058-00017708-00017989 Nikita Khrushchev ordered the conversion
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00059-00017990-00018262 of its single pilot Vostok capsule into
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00060-00018263-00018517 a two or three person craft named
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00061-00018518-00018819 Voskhod in order to compete with Gemini
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00062-00018820-00019156 and Apollo the Soviets were able to
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00063-00019157-00019480 launch two Voskhod capsules before us
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00064-00019481-00019714 was able to launch its first manned
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00065-00019715-00019898 Gemini
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00066-00019899-00020213 the Vasquez avionics required cooling by
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00067-00020214-00020419 cabin air to prevent overheating
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00068-00020420-00020702 therefore an airlock was required for
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00069-00020703-00020966 the spacewalking cosmonaut to exit and
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00070-00020967-00021167 re-enter the cabin while it remained
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00071-00021168-00021548 pressurized by contrast the Gemini
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00072-00021549-00021812 avionics did not require air cooling
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00073-00021813-00022091 allowing the spacewalking astronaut to
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00074-00022092-00022307 exit and re-enter the depressurized
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00075-00022308-00022649 cabin through an open hatch because of
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00076-00022650-00022898 this the American and Soviet space
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00077-00022899-00023177 programs developed different definitions
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00078-00023178-00023516 for the duration of an EVA the Soviet
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00079-00023517-00023792 now Russian definition begins when the
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00080-00023793-00024032 outer airlock hatch is open and the
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00081-00024033-00024416 cosmonaut as in vacuum an American eva
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00082-00024417-00024671 began when the astronaut had at least
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00083-00024672-00025088 his head outside the spacecraft the USA
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00084-00025089-00025529 has changed its Eva definition since
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00085-00025530-00025850 you
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00086-00025851-00026432 topic first spacewalk
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00087-00026433-00026820 the first Eva was performed on March 18
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00088-00026822-00027164 1965 by Soviet cosmonaut Alexei Leonov
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00089-00027164-00027485 who spent 12 minutes outside the Voskhod
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00090-00027486-00027862 2 spacecraft carrying a white metal
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00091-00027863-00028183 backpack containing 45 minutes worth of
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00092-00028184-00028430 breathing and pressurization oxygen
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00093-00028431-00028696 Leonov had no means to control his
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00094-00028697-00029036 motion other than pulling on his 15.3
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00095-00029037-00029383 five meters fifty point four feet tether
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00096-00029383-00029662 after the flight he claimed this was
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00097-00029663-00029924 easy but his spacesuit ballooned from
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00098-00029925-00030136 its internal pressure against the vacuum
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00099-00030137-00030410 of space stiffening so much that he
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00100-00030411-00030614 could not activate the shutter on his
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00101-00030614-00030874 chest mounted camera at the end of his
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00102-00030875-00031145 spacewalk the suit stiffening caused a
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00103-00031145-00031399 more serious problem Leonov had to
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00104-00031400-00031561 re-enter the capsule through the
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00105-00031562-00031945 inflatable cloth airlock 1.2 meters 3
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00106-00031946-00032348 feet 11 in in diameter and 2.5 metres 8
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00107-00032349-00032768 feet 2 in long D improperly entered the
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00108-00032769-00033058 airlock headfirst and got stuck sideways
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00109-00033059-00033335 he could not get back in without
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00110-00033336-00033545 reducing the pressure in his suit
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00111-00033546-00034004 risking the bends this added another 12
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00112-00034005-00034289 minutes to his time in vacuum and he was
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00113-00034290-00034718 overheated by 1.8 degrees Celsius 3.2
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00114-00034719-00035071 degrees fahrenheit from the exertion
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00115-00035072-00035342 it would be almost four years before the
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00116-00035343-00035664 Soviets tried another Eva they
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00117-00035665-00035864 misrepresented to the press how
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00118-00035865-00036118 difficult Leonov found it to work in
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00119-00036119-00036304 weightlessness and concealed the
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00120-00036305-00036557 problems encountered until after the end
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00121-00036558-00036867 of the Cold War
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00122-00036868-00037190 you
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00123-00037191-00037789 topic project Gemini
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00124-00037790-00038050 the first American spacewalk was
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00125-00038051-00038467 performed on June 3rd 1965 by ed white
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00126-00038468-00038773 from the second man Gemini flight Gemini
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00127-00038774-00039199 4 for 21 minutes White was tethered to
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00128-00039200-00039427 the spacecraft and his oxygen was
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00129-00039428-00039718 supplied through a 25-foot seven point
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00130-00039719-00040038 six meters umbilical which also carried
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00131-00040039-00040252 communications and biomedical
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00132-00040253-00040585 instrumentation he was the first to
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00133-00040586-00040813 control his motion in space with a
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00134-00040814-00041068 handheld maneuvering unit which worked
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00135-00041069-00041314 well but only carried enough propellant
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00136-00041315-00041677 for 20 seconds white found his tether
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00137-00041678-00041908 useful for limiting his distance from
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00138-00041909-00042148 the spacecraft but difficult to use for
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00139-00042149-00042274 moving around
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00140-00042275-00042658 contrary to Leonov z' claim however a
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00141-00042659-00042904 defect in the capsules hatch latching
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00142-00042905-00043165 mechanism caused difficulties opening
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00143-00043166-00043396 and closing the hatch which delayed the
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00144-00043397-00043636 start of the Eva and put white and his
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00145-00043637-00043885 crew mate at risk of not getting back to
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00146-00043886-00043987 earth alive
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00147-00043988-00044224 no ava's were planned on the next three
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00148-00044225-00044602 Gemini flight the next Eva was planned
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00149-00044603-00044905 to be made by David Scott on Gemini 8
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00150-00044906-00045157 but that mission had to be aborted due
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00151-00045158-00045415 to a critical spacecraft malfunction
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00152-00045416-00045690 before the Eva could be conducted
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00153-00045691-00045964 astronauts on the next three Gemini
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00154-00045965-00046219 flights eugene cernan michael collins
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00155-00046220-00046486 and richard gordon performed several
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00156-00046487-00046756 ava's but none was able to successfully
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00157-00046757-00047008 work for long periods outside the
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00158-00047009-00047209 spacecraft without tiring and
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00159-00047210-00047334 overheating
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00160-00047335-00047641 Cernan attempted but failed to test an
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00161-00047642-00047875 Air Force astronaut maneuvering unit
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00162-00047876-00048157 which included a self-contained oxygen
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00163-00048158-00048308 system
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00164-00048309-00048892 on November 13 1966 Edwin Buzz Aldrin
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00165-00048893-00049217 became the first to successfully work in
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00166-00049218-00049523 space without tiring on the Gemini 12
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00167-00049524-00049675 last flight
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00168-00049676-00049987 Aldrin worked outside the spacecraft for
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00169-00049988-00050270 two hours and six minutes in addition to
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00170-00050271-00050483 to stand-up Ava's in the spacecraft
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00171-00050484-00050774 hatch for an additional three hours and
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00172-00050775-00051182 24 minutes Aldrin's interest in scuba
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00173-00051183-00051427 diving inspired the use of underwater
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00174-00051428-00051667 Eva training to simulate weightlessness
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00175-00051669-00051955 which has been used ever since to allow
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00176-00051957-00052192 astronauts to practice techniques of
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00177-00052194-00052601 avoiding wasted muscle energy
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00178-00052602-00052923 you
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00179-00052924-00053575 topic first Eva crew transfer
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00180-00053576-00054104 On January 16 1969 Soviet cosmonauts
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00181-00054104-00054376 Alexei yella say of and yevgenii krenov
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00182-00054377-00054694 transferred from Soyuz 5 to Soyuz 4
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00183-00054695-00055046 which were docked together this was the
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00184-00055047-00055300 second Soviet Eva and it would be almost
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00185-00055301-00055579 another nine years before the Soviets
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00186-00055580-00055905 performed their third
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00187-00055907-00056228 you
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00188-00056229-00056856 topic Apollo lunar Eva
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00189-00056857-00057140 American astronauts Neil Armstrong and
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00190-00057141-00057424 Buzz Aldrin performed the first Eva on
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00191-00057425-00057949 the lunar surface on July 21st 1969 UTC
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00192-00057950-00058216 after landing their Apollo 11 lunar
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00193-00058217-00058612 module spacecraft this first moonwalk
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00194-00058613-00058871 using self-contained portable life
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00195-00058872-00059206 support systems lasted two hours 36
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00196-00059207-00059603 minutes a total of 15 moon walks were
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00197-00059604-00059848 performed among six Apollo crews
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00198-00059849-00060301 including Charles Pete Conrad Alan bean
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00199-00060302-00060629 Alan Shepard Edgar Mitchell David Scott
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00200-00060629-00060953 James Irwin John Young Charles Duke
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00201-00060954-00061378 Eugene Cernan and Harrison Jack Schmitt
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00202-00061379-00061715 Cernan was the last Apollo astronaut to
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00203-00061716-00062028 step off the surface of the Moon
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00204-00062029-00062399 Apollo 15 command module pilot al worden
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00205-00062400-00062807 made an EVA on August 5th 1971 on the
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00206-00062808-00063054 return trip from the moon to retrieve a
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00207-00063054-00063329 film and data recording canister from
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00208-00063330-00063654 the service module he was assisted by
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00209-00063654-00063996 lunar module pilot James Irwin standing
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00210-00063997-00064331 up in the command module hatch this
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00211-00064332-00064578 procedure was repeated by Ken Mattingly
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00212-00064579-00064931 and Charles Duke on Apollo 16 and by
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00213-00064932-00065168 Ronald Evans and Harrison Schmitt on
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00214-00065169-00065504 Apollo 17
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00215-00065505-00065828 you
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00216-00065829-00066453 topic post apollo Ava's
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00217-00066454-00066714 the first Eva repairs of a spacecraft
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00218-00066715-00067194 were made by Charles Pete Conrad Joseph
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00219-00067195-00067584 Kerwin and Paul J white on May 26th June
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00220-00067585-00068070 7th and June 19 1973 on the Skylab 2
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00221-00068071-00068418 mission they rescued the functionality
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00222-00068419-00068622 of the launch damaged Skylab space
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00223-00068623-00068943 station by freeing a stuck solar panel
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00224-00068944-00069189 deploying a solar heating shield and
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00225-00069190-00069464 freeing a stuck circuit breaker relay
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00226-00069465-00069873 the Skylab 2 crew made three ava's and a
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00227-00069874-00070149 total of 10 Ava's were made by the three
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00228-00070150-00070527 Skylab crews they found that activities
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00229-00070528-00070803 in weightlessness required about two and
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00230-00070804-00070989 a half times longer than on earth
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00231-00070990-00071262 because many astronauts suffered space
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00232-00071263-00071460 sickness early in their flights after
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00233-00071461-00071772 Skylab no more ava's were made by the
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00234-00071773-00072021 United States until the advent of the
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00235-00072022-00072366 space shuttle program in the early 1980s
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00236-00072367-00072771 in this period the Soviets resumed avis
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00237-00072772-00073077 making for from the Salyut 6 and Salyut
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00238-00073078-00073460 7 space stations between December 20th
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00239-00073461-00073944 1977 and July 30th 1982 when the United
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00240-00073945-00074333 States resumed ava's on April 7 1983
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00241-00074334-00074598 astronauts started using an extra
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00242-00074599-00074862 vehicular Mobility unit EMU for
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00243-00074863-00075129 self-contained life support independent
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00244-00075130-00075543 of the spacecraft STS 6 was the first
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00245-00075544-00075768 space shuttle mission during which a
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00246-00075769-00076137 spacewalk was conducted also for the
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00247-00076138-00076434 first time American astronauts used an
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00248-00076435-00076653 airlock to enter and exit the spacecraft
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00249-00076654-00077025 like the Soviets accordingly the
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00250-00077026-00077226 American definition of Eva
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00251-00077227-00077481 start time was redefined to when the
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00252-00077482-00077745 astronauts switches the EMU to battery
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00253-00077746-00077991 power
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00254-00077992-00078315 you
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00255-00078316-00078888 topic Chinese Eva
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00256-00078889-00079161 China became the third country to
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00257-00079162-00079392 independently carry out an IVA on
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00258-00079393-00079836 September 27th 2008 during the shun jo7
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00259-00079837-00080229 mission Chinese astronaut Jay Z gang
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00260-00080230-00080463 completed a spacewalk wearing the
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00261-00080464-00080718 Chinese developed fade Ian's spacesuit
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00262-00080719-00080973 with astronaut Lu bombing wearing the
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00263-00080974-00081240 Russian derived or land spacesuit to
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00264-00081241-00081618 help him Jai completely exited the craft
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00265-00081619-00081834 while Liu stood by at the airlock
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00266-00081835-00082176 straddling the portal
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00267-00082177-00082524 you
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00268-00082525-00083147 topic milestones
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00269-00083148-00083459 you
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00270-00083460-00084127 topic capability milestones
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00271-00084128-00084415 the first untethered spacewalk was made
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00272-00084416-00084628 by American Bruce McCandless
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00273-00084629-00085069 - on February 7 1984 during Challenger
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00274-00085070-00085429 mission STS for one be using the manned
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00275-00085430-00085750 maneuvering unit he was subsequently
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00276-00085751-00086035 joined by Robert L Stewart during the
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00277-00086036-00086382 five hour 55 minute spacewalk a
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00278-00086383-00086650 self-contained spacewalk was first
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00279-00086651-00087031 attempted by Eugene Cernan in 1966 on
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00280-00087032-00087370 Gemini 9a but Cernan could not reach the
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00281-00087371-00087730 maneuvering unit without tiring the
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00282-00087731-00087934 first metal work in open space
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00283-00087935-00088225 consisting of welding brazing and metal
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00284-00088226-00088468 spraying was conducted by Soviet
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00285-00088469-00088732 cosmonauts vet lana savitsky a-- and
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00286-00088733-00088936 vladimir dijon Abeka
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00287-00088937-00089481 on July 25th 1984 a specially designed
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00288-00089482-00089731 multi-purpose tool was used to perform
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00289-00089732-00089997 these activities during a three hour
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00290-00089998-00090346 30-minute Eva outside the Salyut 7 space
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00291-00090347-00090520 station
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00292-00090521-00090814 the first three-person Eva was performed
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00293-00090815-00091257 on May 13 1992 as the third eva of
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00294-00091258-00091620 sts-49 the maiden flight of Endeavour
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00295-00091621-00091996 Pierre Thuot Richard he and Thomas Akers
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00296-00091997-00092257 conducted the Eva to hand capture and
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00297-00092258-00092596 repair a non-functional Intelsat vf3
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00298-00092597-00093012 satellite as of 2013 it was the only
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00299-00093013-00093256 three-person Eva
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00300-00093257-00093526 the first Eva to perform an in-flight
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00301-00093527-00093751 repair of the space shuttle was by
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00302-00093752-00094062 American Steve Robinson on August 3rd
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00303-00094063-00094617 2005 during return to flight mission
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00304-00094618-00095071 sts-114 Robinson was sent to remove two
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00305-00095072-00095335 protruding gap fillers from Discovery's
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00306-00095336-00095563 heat shield after engineers determined
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00307-00095564-00095788 there was a small chance they could
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00308-00095789-00096181 affect the shuttle upon reentry Robinson
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00309-00096182-00096409 successfully removed the loose material
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00310-00096410-00096655 while discovery was docked to the
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00311-00096656-00096967 International Space Station
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00312-00096968-00097390 the longest Eva as of 2007 was 8 hours
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00313-00097391-00097747 and 56 minutes performed by Susan Helms
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00314-00097748-00098338 and James S Voss on March 11th 2001
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00315-00098339-00098661 you
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00316-00098662-00099009 topic personal cumulative duration
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00317-00099010-00099690 records Russian Anatoly Soloviev holds
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00318-00099691-00099933 both the record for most Avis and for
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00319-00099934-00100179 the greatest cumulative duration spent
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00320-00100180-00100724 in Eva 16 Ava's 82 hours and 22 minutes
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00321-00100725-00101082 Michael lopez-alegria holds the American
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00322-00101083-00101564 record 10 Ava's 67 hours and 40 minutes
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00323-00101565-00101894 Krister Fuggles song holds the European
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00324-00101895-00102294 non-russian record 5 Ava's 31 hours and
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00325-00102295-00102547 55 minutes
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00326-00102548-00102783 Peggy Whitson holds the record for most
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00327-00102784-00103104 Ava's and most cumulative duration spent
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00328-00103105-00103450 for a woman ten Ava's 60 hours and 21
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00329-00103451-00103707 minutes
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00330-00103708-00104032 you
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00331-00104033-00104783 topic national ethnic and gender firsts
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00332-00104784-00105075 the first woman to perform an IVA was
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00333-00105076-00105363 Soviet Svetlana savitsky a-- on July
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00334-00105364-00105777 25th 1984 while aboard the Salyut 7
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00335-00105778-00106200 space station her Eva lasted three hours
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00336-00106201-00106464 and 35 minutes
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00337-00106465-00106743 the first American woman to perform an
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00338-00106744-00107033 EVA was Catherine D Sullivan on October
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00339-00107034-00107442 11 1984 during space shuttle Challenger
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00340-00107443-00107808 mission STS 4 1g
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00341-00107809-00108072 the first Eva by a non Soviet
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00342-00108073-00108354 non-american was made on December 9th
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00343-00108355-00108759 1988 by jean-luc Radian of France during
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00344-00108760-00109006 a three-week stay on the MIR Space
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00345-00109007-00109178 Station
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00346-00109179-00109402 the first Eva by a black
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00347-00109403-00109678 african-american was on February 9th
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00348-00109679-00110231 1995 by Bernard a Harris jr. the first
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00349-00110232-00110533 Eva by a Japanese astronaut was made on
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00350-00110534-00111014 November 25th 1997 by two cowboy during
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00351-00111015-00111297 STS 87
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00352-00111298-00111573 the first Eva by an Australian born
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00353-00111574-00111990 person was on March 13th 2001 by Andy
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00354-00111991-00112242 Thomas although he has a naturalized US
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00355-00112243-00112451 citizen
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00356-00112452-00112735 the first Eva by a Canadian astronaut
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00357-00112736-00113158 was made on April 22nd 2001 by Chris
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00358-00113159-00113453 Hadfield along with nasa astronaut scott
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00359-00113454-00113828 Parazynski during mission STS 102
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00360-00113829-00114044 install Canada arm 2 on the
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00361-00114045-00114422 International Space Station the first
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00362-00114423-00114728 Eva by a Scandinavian astronaut was made
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00363-00114729-00115076 on December 12 2006 by Christer
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00364-00115077-00115277 Fuglesang
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00365-00115278-00115595 the first Eva by a Chinese astronaut was
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00366-00115596-00116054 made on September 27 2008 by jay-z gang
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00367-00116055-00116288 during tion jo7 mission
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00368-00116289-00116663 the spacewalk using a fade en space suit
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00369-00116664-00116879 made China the third country to
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00370-00116880-00117211 independently carry out an EVA
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00371-00117213-00117497 the first Eva by an Italian astronaut
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00372-00117498-00117881 was made on July 9 2013 by Luca
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00373-00117882-00118148 parmitano along with NASA astronaut
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00374-00118149-00118483 Chris Cassidy during expedition 36 on
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00375-00118484-00118794 the International Space Station
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00376-00118795-00119106 the first Eva by a British astronaut was
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00377-00119107-00119561 on January 15 2016 by Tim Peake although
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00378-00119563-00119810 British American michael foale carried
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00379-00119811-00120255 out an EVA on February 9 1995 he flew as
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00380-00120256-00120737 an American astronaut in NASA's program
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00381-00120738-00121083 you
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00382-00121084-00121673 topic commemoration
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00383-00121674-00121976 the first spacewalk made by Soviet
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00384-00121977-00122233 cosmonaut Alexei Leonov was commemorated
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00385-00122234-00122675 in 1965 with several Eastern Bloc stamps
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00386-00122676-00123085 see Alexei Leonov hashtag stamps since
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00387-00123086-00123376 the Soviet Union did not publish details
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00388-00123377-00123632 of the Voskhod spacecraft at the time
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00389-00123633-00123904 the space ship depiction in the stamps
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00390-00123905-00124144 was purely fictional
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00391-00124145-00124434 the US Post Office issued a postage
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00392-00124435-00124852 stamp in 1967 commemorating Edie White's
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00393-00124853-00125224 first American spacewalk the engraved
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00394-00125225-00125464 image has an accurate depiction of the
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00395-00125465-00126009 Gemini IB spacecraft and white spacesuit
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00396-00126010-00126353 you
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00397-00126354-00126964 topic designations
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00398-00126965-00127366 NASA spacewalkers during the space
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00399-00127367-00127597 shuttle program were designated as
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00400-00127598-00128061 eveyone evey to Eve III and evey for
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00401-00128063-00128332 assigned to mission specialists for each
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00402-00128333-00128686 mission if applicable
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00403-00128688-00129033 you
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00404-00129033-00129661 topic campout procedure
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00405-00129663-00129929 for Ava's from the International Space
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00406-00129930-00130214 Station NASA now routinely employs a
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00407-00130215-00130520 campout procedure to reduce the risk of
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00408-00130521-00130847 decompression sickness this was first
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00409-00130848-00131201 tested by the expedition 12 crew during
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00410-00131202-00131513 a campout astronauts sleep overnight in
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00411-00131514-00131786 the airlock prior to an EVA lowering the
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00412-00131787-00132236 air pressure to 10.2 psi 70 kiloPascals
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00413-00132237-00132488 compared to the normal station pressure
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00414-00132489-00133166 of 14.7 PSI 101 kiloPascals spending a
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00415-00133167-00133394 night at the lower air pressure helps
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00416-00133395-00133643 flush nitrogen from the body thereby
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00417-00133644-00133901 preventing the bends
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00418-00133902-00134234 more recently astronauts have been using
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00419-00134235-00134486 the in suit light exercise protocol
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00420-00134487-00134693 rather than campout to prevent
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00421-00134694-00135018 decompression sickness
+Ug5YPl43NOE-00422-00135019-00135456 equals equals see also
+UhGegBi-cUA-00000-00000003-00000374 a counterinsurgency or counterinsurgency
+UhGegBi-cUA-00001-00000375-00000607 coin is defined by the United States
+UhGegBi-cUA-00002-00000608-00000919 Department of State as comprehensive
+UhGegBi-cUA-00003-00000921-00001228 civilian and military efforts taken to
+UhGegBi-cUA-00004-00001229-00001479 simultaneously defeat and contain
+UhGegBi-cUA-00005-00001480-00001873 insurgency and address its root causes
+UhGegBi-cUA-00006-00001873-00002176 an insurgency as a rebellion against a
+UhGegBi-cUA-00007-00002177-00002427 constituted authority when those taking
+UhGegBi-cUA-00008-00002428-00002658 part in the rebellion are not recognized
+UhGegBi-cUA-00009-00002659-00003060 as belligerence it is the organised use
+UhGegBi-cUA-00010-00003061-00003310 of subversion and violence to seize
+UhGegBi-cUA-00011-00003311-00003618 nullify or challenge political control
+UhGegBi-cUA-00012-00003619-00004011 of a region as such it is primarily a
+UhGegBi-cUA-00013-00004012-00004243 political struggle in which both sides
+UhGegBi-cUA-00014-00004244-00004582 use armed force to create space for
+UhGegBi-cUA-00015-00004583-00004836 their political economic and influencer
+UhGegBi-cUA-00016-00004837-00005243 activities to be effective
+UhGegBi-cUA-00017-00005244-00005475 counterinsurgency campaigns of duly
+UhGegBi-cUA-00018-00005476-00005677 elected or politically recognized
+UhGegBi-cUA-00019-00005678-00005907 governments take place during war
+UhGegBi-cUA-00020-00005908-00006171 occupation by a foreign military or
+UhGegBi-cUA-00021-00006172-00006435 police force and when internal conflicts
+UhGegBi-cUA-00022-00006436-00006619 that involve subversion and armed
+UhGegBi-cUA-00023-00006620-00006909 rebellion occur the most effective
+UhGegBi-cUA-00024-00006909-00007156 counterinsurgency campaigns integrate
+UhGegBi-cUA-00025-00007156-00007392 and synchronize political security
+UhGegBi-cUA-00026-00007393-00007678 economic and informational components
+UhGegBi-cUA-00027-00007679-00007914 that reinforce governmental legitimacy
+UhGegBi-cUA-00028-00007915-00008083 and effectiveness while reducing
+UhGegBi-cUA-00029-00008084-00008373 insurgent influence over the population
+UhGegBi-cUA-00030-00008374-00008655 coin strategies should be designed to
+UhGegBi-cUA-00031-00008656-00008851 simultaneously protect the population
+UhGegBi-cUA-00032-00008852-00009141 from insurgent violence strengthen the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00033-00009142-00009381 legitimacy and capacity of government
+UhGegBi-cUA-00034-00009382-00009645 institutions to govern responsibly and
+UhGegBi-cUA-00035-00009646-00009864 marginalize insurgents politically
+UhGegBi-cUA-00036-00009865-00010214 socially and economically
+UhGegBi-cUA-00037-00010215-00010575 you
+UhGegBi-cUA-00038-00010576-00011147 topic objectives
+UhGegBi-cUA-00039-00011148-00011393 according to scholars it is crucial to
+UhGegBi-cUA-00040-00011394-00011636 know what this strategy was designed for
+UhGegBi-cUA-00041-00011637-00011954 to understand it comprehensively coin
+UhGegBi-cUA-00042-00011955-00012206 strategy aims to achieve the support of
+UhGegBi-cUA-00043-00012207-00012413 local population for the government
+UhGegBi-cUA-00044-00012414-00012755 created by host nation the main point of
+UhGegBi-cUA-00045-00012756-00013010 the modern counterinsurgency campaign is
+UhGegBi-cUA-00046-00013011-00013271 not simply kill and capture insurgents
+UhGegBi-cUA-00047-00013272-00013529 but to improve living conditions support
+UhGegBi-cUA-00048-00013530-00013754 government in providing services for
+UhGegBi-cUA-00049-00013755-00013976 people and eliminate any support for
+UhGegBi-cUA-00050-00013977-00014213 insurgency
+UhGegBi-cUA-00051-00014215-00014575 you
+UhGegBi-cUA-00052-00014576-00015172 topic models
+UhGegBi-cUA-00053-00015174-00015405 counterinsurgency is normally conducted
+UhGegBi-cUA-00054-00015406-00015603 as a combination of conventional
+UhGegBi-cUA-00055-00015604-00015882 military operations and other means such
+UhGegBi-cUA-00056-00015883-00016094 as demoralisation in the form of
+UhGegBi-cUA-00057-00016095-00016182 propaganda
+UhGegBi-cUA-00058-00016183-00016505 psyops and assassinations
+UhGegBi-cUA-00059-00016506-00016749 counterinsurgency operations include
+UhGegBi-cUA-00060-00016750-00016972 many different facets military
+UhGegBi-cUA-00061-00016973-00017244 paramilitary political economic
+UhGegBi-cUA-00062-00017245-00017544 psychological and civic actions taken to
+UhGegBi-cUA-00063-00017545-00017921 defeat insurgency to understand
+UhGegBi-cUA-00064-00017922-00018153 counterinsurgency one must understand
+UhGegBi-cUA-00065-00018154-00018432 insurgency to comprehend the dynamics of
+UhGegBi-cUA-00066-00018433-00018741 revolutionary warfare insurgents
+UhGegBi-cUA-00067-00018742-00018996 capitalize on societal problems often
+UhGegBi-cUA-00068-00018997-00019308 called gaps counterinsurgency addresses
+UhGegBi-cUA-00069-00019309-00019619 closing the gaps when the gaps are wide
+UhGegBi-cUA-00070-00019620-00019922 they create a sea of discontent creating
+UhGegBi-cUA-00071-00019923-00020136 the environment in which the insurgent
+UhGegBi-cUA-00072-00020137-00020394 can operate in the insurgent archipelago
+UhGegBi-cUA-00073-00020395-00020619 John McKinley puts forward the concept
+UhGegBi-cUA-00074-00020620-00020883 of an evolution of insurgency from the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00075-00020884-00021102 Maoist paradigm of the Golden Age of
+UhGegBi-cUA-00076-00021103-00021366 insurgency to the global insurgency of
+UhGegBi-cUA-00077-00021367-00021719 the start of the 21st century he defines
+UhGegBi-cUA-00078-00021720-00021960 this distinction as Maoist and post
+UhGegBi-cUA-00079-00021961-00022352 Maoist insurgency
+UhGegBi-cUA-00080-00022353-00022621 you
+UhGegBi-cUA-00081-00022622-00023304 topic legal and ethical challenges
+UhGegBi-cUA-00082-00023305-00023673 William B Caldwell wrote the law of
+UhGegBi-cUA-00083-00023674-00023907 armed conflict requires that to use
+UhGegBi-cUA-00084-00023908-00024246 force combatants must distinguish
+UhGegBi-cUA-00085-00024247-00024468 individuals presenting a threat from
+UhGegBi-cUA-00086-00024469-00024774 innocent civilians this basic principle
+UhGegBi-cUA-00087-00024775-00024954 is accepted by all disciplined
+UhGegBi-cUA-00088-00024955-00025214 militaries in the counterinsurgency
+UhGegBi-cUA-00089-00025215-00025509 disciplined application of force is even
+UhGegBi-cUA-00090-00025510-00025683 more critical because our enemies
+UhGegBi-cUA-00091-00025683-00025908 camouflage themselves in the civilian
+UhGegBi-cUA-00092-00025908-00026292 population our success in Iraq depends
+UhGegBi-cUA-00093-00026293-00026499 on our ability to treat the civilian
+UhGegBi-cUA-00094-00026500-00026718 population with humanity and dignity
+UhGegBi-cUA-00095-00026719-00026979 even as we remain ready to immediately
+UhGegBi-cUA-00096-00026980-00027288 defend ourselves or Araki civilians when
+UhGegBi-cUA-00097-00027289-00027655 a threat is detected
+UhGegBi-cUA-00098-00027656-00027926 you
+UhGegBi-cUA-00099-00027927-00028720 topic counter-insurgency theorists
+UhGegBi-cUA-00100-00028720-00028970 you
+UhGegBi-cUA-00101-00028971-00029614 topic Santa Cruz de Marcin Otto
+UhGegBi-cUA-00102-00029615-00029917 the third Marcus of Santa Cruz de Marcin
+UhGegBi-cUA-00103-00029918-00030349 Otto 1684 - 1732 is probably the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00104-00030350-00030592 earliest author who dealt systematically
+UhGegBi-cUA-00105-00030593-00030829 in his writings with counterinsurgency
+UhGegBi-cUA-00106-00030830-00031117 in his reflects Sione's militaires
+UhGegBi-cUA-00107-00031118-00031501 published between 1726 and 1730
+UhGegBi-cUA-00108-00031502-00031754 he discussed how to spot early signs of
+UhGegBi-cUA-00109-00031755-00031969 an incipient insurgency prevent
+UhGegBi-cUA-00110-00031970-00032218 insurgencies encounter them if they
+UhGegBi-cUA-00111-00032219-00032579 could not be warded off strikingly santa
+UhGegBi-cUA-00112-00032580-00032833 cruz recognized that insurgencies are
+UhGegBi-cUA-00113-00032834-00033130 usually due to real grievances a state
+UhGegBi-cUA-00114-00033131-00033398 rarely rises up without the fault of its
+UhGegBi-cUA-00115-00033399-00033724 governors consequently he advocated
+UhGegBi-cUA-00116-00033725-00034000 clemency towards the population and good
+UhGegBi-cUA-00117-00034001-00034246 governance to seek the people's heart
+UhGegBi-cUA-00118-00034247-00034813 and love
+UhGegBi-cUA-00119-00034814-00035232 topic BH Liddell Hart
+UhGegBi-cUA-00120-00035233-00035405 you
+UhGegBi-cUA-00121-00035406-00035669 the majority of counterinsurgency
+UhGegBi-cUA-00122-00035670-00035891 efforts by major powers in the last
+UhGegBi-cUA-00123-00035892-00036092 century have been spectacularly
+UhGegBi-cUA-00124-00036093-00036437 unsuccessful this may be attributed to a
+UhGegBi-cUA-00125-00036438-00036569 number of causes
+UhGegBi-cUA-00126-00036570-00036899 first as BH Liddell Hart pointed out in
+UhGegBi-cUA-00127-00036900-00037121 the insurgency addendum to the second
+UhGegBi-cUA-00128-00037122-00037325 version of his book strategy the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00129-00037326-00037607 indirect approach a popular insurgency
+UhGegBi-cUA-00130-00037608-00037817 has an inherent advantage over any
+UhGegBi-cUA-00131-00037818-00037961 occupying force
+UhGegBi-cUA-00132-00037962-00038261 he showed as a prime example the French
+UhGegBi-cUA-00133-00038262-00038456 occupation of Spain during the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00134-00038457-00038611 Napoleonic Wars
+UhGegBi-cUA-00135-00038612-00038897 whenever Spanish forces managed to
+UhGegBi-cUA-00136-00038898-00039116 constitute themselves into a regular
+UhGegBi-cUA-00137-00039117-00039332 fighting force the superior French
+UhGegBi-cUA-00138-00039333-00039740 forces beat them every time however once
+UhGegBi-cUA-00139-00039741-00039959 dispersed and decentralized the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00140-00039960-00040181 irregular nature of the rebel campaigns
+UhGegBi-cUA-00141-00040182-00040418 proved a decisive counter to French
+UhGegBi-cUA-00142-00040419-00040678 superiority on the battlefield
+UhGegBi-cUA-00143-00040679-00040922 Napoleon's army had no means of
+UhGegBi-cUA-00144-00040923-00041150 effectively combating the rebels and in
+UhGegBi-cUA-00145-00041151-00041351 the end their strength and morale were
+UhGegBi-cUA-00146-00041352-00041600 so cept that when Wellington was finally
+UhGegBi-cUA-00147-00041601-00041822 able to challenge French forces in the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00148-00041823-00042065 field the French had almost no choice
+UhGegBi-cUA-00149-00042066-00042400 but to abandon the situation
+UhGegBi-cUA-00150-00042401-00042584 counterinsurgency efforts may be
+UhGegBi-cUA-00151-00042585-00042800 successful especially when the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00152-00042801-00043061 insurgents are unpopular the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00153-00043062-00043298 philippine-american war The Shining Path
+UhGegBi-cUA-00154-00043299-00043580 in Peru and the Malayan emergency in
+UhGegBi-cUA-00155-00043581-00043778 Malaya have been the sites of failed
+UhGegBi-cUA-00156-00043779-00044138 insurgencies Hart also points to the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00157-00044139-00044423 experiences of TE Lawrence and the Arab
+UhGegBi-cUA-00158-00044424-00044660 revolt during World War one as another
+UhGegBi-cUA-00159-00044661-00044864 example of the power of the rebel
+UhGegBi-cUA-00160-00044865-00045185 insurgent though the Ottomans often had
+UhGegBi-cUA-00161-00045186-00045494 advantages in manpower of more than 100
+UhGegBi-cUA-00162-00045495-00045773 to one the Arabs ability to materialize
+UhGegBi-cUA-00163-00045774-00046025 out of the desert strike and disappear
+UhGegBi-cUA-00164-00046026-00046265 again often left the Turks reeling and
+UhGegBi-cUA-00165-00046266-00046526 paralyzed creating an opportunity for
+UhGegBi-cUA-00166-00046527-00046778 regular British forces to sweep in and
+UhGegBi-cUA-00167-00046779-00047060 finish the Turkish forces off
+UhGegBi-cUA-00168-00047061-00047287 in both the preceding cases the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00169-00047288-00047492 insurgents and rebel fighters were
+UhGegBi-cUA-00170-00047493-00047699 working in conjunction with or in a
+UhGegBi-cUA-00171-00047700-00047961 manner complementary to regular forces
+UhGegBi-cUA-00172-00047962-00048248 such was also the case with the French
+UhGegBi-cUA-00173-00048249-00048487 Resistance during World War two and the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00174-00048488-00048707 National Liberation Front during the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00175-00048708-00049027 Vietnam War the strategy in these cases
+UhGegBi-cUA-00176-00049028-00049298 as for the irregular combatant to weaken
+UhGegBi-cUA-00177-00049299-00049505 and destabilize the enemy to such a
+UhGegBi-cUA-00178-00049506-00049771 degree that victory as easy or assured
+UhGegBi-cUA-00179-00049772-00050126 for the regular forces however in many
+UhGegBi-cUA-00180-00050127-00050386 modern rebellions one does not see rebel
+UhGegBi-cUA-00181-00050387-00050570 fighters working in conjunction with
+UhGegBi-cUA-00182-00050571-00050933 regular forces rather they are homegrown
+UhGegBi-cUA-00183-00050934-00051176 militias or imported fighters who have
+UhGegBi-cUA-00184-00051177-00051466 no unified goals or objectives save to
+UhGegBi-cUA-00185-00051467-00051669 expel the occupier
+UhGegBi-cUA-00186-00051670-00051913 according to Liddell Hart there are a
+UhGegBi-cUA-00187-00051914-00052108 few effective countermeasures to this
+UhGegBi-cUA-00188-00052109-00052417 strategy so long as the insurgency
+UhGegBi-cUA-00189-00052419-00052709 maintains popular support it will retain
+UhGegBi-cUA-00190-00052710-00052934 all of its strategic advantages of
+UhGegBi-cUA-00191-00052935-00053249 mobility invisibility and legitimacy in
+UhGegBi-cUA-00192-00053250-00053475 its own eyes and the eyes of the people
+UhGegBi-cUA-00193-00053476-00053779 so long as this is the situation an
+UhGegBi-cUA-00194-00053780-00054019 insurgency essentially cannot be
+UhGegBi-cUA-00195-00054020-00054291 defeated by regular forces
+UhGegBi-cUA-00196-00054291-00054504 another option in combating an
+UhGegBi-cUA-00197-00054504-00054731 insurgency would be to make the presence
+UhGegBi-cUA-00198-00054732-00054938 of troops so pervasive that there is
+UhGegBi-cUA-00199-00054939-00055197 simply no place left for insurgents to
+UhGegBi-cUA-00200-00055198-00055430 hide as demonstrated in Franco's
+UhGegBi-cUA-00201-00055432-00055694 conquest of Republican Spain during the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00202-00055695-00055899 Spanish Civil War or the Union
+UhGegBi-cUA-00203-00055900-00056126 occupation of Confederate states with
+UhGegBi-cUA-00204-00056127-00056298 federal troops following the American
+UhGegBi-cUA-00205-00056299-00056600 Civil War in each of these cases
+UhGegBi-cUA-00206-00056601-00056894 enormous amounts of manpower were needed
+UhGegBi-cUA-00207-00056895-00057078 for an extended period to call
+UhGegBi-cUA-00208-00057079-00057303 resistance over almost every square
+UhGegBi-cUA-00209-00057304-00057641 kilometer of territory in an age of ever
+UhGegBi-cUA-00210-00057642-00057879 shrinking and increasingly computerized
+UhGegBi-cUA-00211-00057879-00058128 armed forces this option too is
+UhGegBi-cUA-00212-00058129-00058319 precluded from a modern commander's
+UhGegBi-cUA-00213-00058320-00058749 options essentially then only one viable
+UhGegBi-cUA-00214-00058750-00059072 option remains the key to a successful
+UhGegBi-cUA-00215-00059073-00059294 counterinsurgency as the winning over of
+UhGegBi-cUA-00216-00059295-00059604 the occupied territories population if
+UhGegBi-cUA-00217-00059604-00059862 that can be achieved then the rebellion
+UhGegBi-cUA-00218-00059863-00060107 will be deprived of its supplies shelter
+UhGegBi-cUA-00219-00060108-00060344 and more importantly its moral
+UhGegBi-cUA-00220-00060345-00060668 legitimacy unless the hearts and minds
+UhGegBi-cUA-00221-00060669-00060873 of the public can be separated from the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00222-00060874-00061146 insurgency the occupation is doomed to
+UhGegBi-cUA-00223-00061147-00061418 fail in a modern representative
+UhGegBi-cUA-00224-00061419-00061655 democracy in the face of perceived
+UhGegBi-cUA-00225-00061657-00061892 incessant losses no conflict will be
+UhGegBi-cUA-00226-00061894-00062109 tolerated by an electorate without
+UhGegBi-cUA-00227-00062110-00062404 significant show of tangible gains
+UhGegBi-cUA-00228-00062405-00062723 Vietnam war during the Vietnam War
+UhGegBi-cUA-00229-00062724-00062966 counterinsurgency initially formed part
+UhGegBi-cUA-00230-00062967-00063165 of the earlier war as diem had
+UhGegBi-cUA-00231-00063166-00063341 implemented the poorly conceived
+UhGegBi-cUA-00232-00063342-00063629 strategy camlet program a similar model
+UhGegBi-cUA-00233-00063630-00063830 to the Malayan emergency whom had
+UhGegBi-cUA-00234-00063832-00064188 opposite effects similarly economic and
+UhGegBi-cUA-00235-00064189-00064404 rural development formed a key strategy
+UhGegBi-cUA-00236-00064404-00064673 as part of rural affairs development
+UhGegBi-cUA-00237-00064674-00064947 while the earlier war was marked by
+UhGegBi-cUA-00238-00064948-00065117 considerable emphasis on
+UhGegBi-cUA-00239-00065119-00065403 counterinsurgency programs US forces
+UhGegBi-cUA-00240-00065404-00065679 initially relied on very little if any
+UhGegBi-cUA-00241-00065680-00065817 theoretical doctrine of
+UhGegBi-cUA-00242-00065818-00066024 counterinsurgency during the joint
+UhGegBi-cUA-00243-00066025-00066447 warfare in South Vietnam 1963 to 69
+UhGegBi-cUA-00244-00066448-00066765 phase this was more or less a failing
+UhGegBi-cUA-00245-00066766-00066962 strategy on the part of the United
+UhGegBi-cUA-00246-00066963-00067193 States as conventional means were
+UhGegBi-cUA-00247-00067194-00067430 applied in direct contradiction to the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00248-00067431-00067686 wisdom of counterinsurgency
+UhGegBi-cUA-00249-00067687-00068001 current situations in these cases such
+UhGegBi-cUA-00250-00068002-00068226 as the Israeli occupation of Lebanon
+UhGegBi-cUA-00251-00068227-00068529 which ended in 2000 and the recent Iraqi
+UhGegBi-cUA-00252-00068530-00068808 insurgency the goal of the insurgent as
+UhGegBi-cUA-00253-00068809-00069033 not to defeat the occupying military
+UhGegBi-cUA-00254-00069034-00069249 force that is almost always an
+UhGegBi-cUA-00255-00069250-00069495 impossible task given the disparity in
+UhGegBi-cUA-00256-00069496-00069801 resources rather they seek through a
+UhGegBi-cUA-00257-00069802-00070047 constant campaign of sneak attacks to
+UhGegBi-cUA-00258-00070048-00070302 inflict continuous casualties upon their
+UhGegBi-cUA-00259-00070303-00070533 superior enemy forces and thereby
+UhGegBi-cUA-00260-00070534-00070833 overtime demoralize the occupying forces
+UhGegBi-cUA-00261-00070834-00071064 and erode political support for the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00262-00071065-00071259 occupation in the homeland of the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00263-00071260-00071592 occupying forces it is a simple strategy
+UhGegBi-cUA-00264-00071593-00071838 of repeated pinpricks and bleeding's
+UhGegBi-cUA-00265-00071839-00072057 that though small in proportion to the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00266-00072058-00072279 total force strength SAP the will of the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00267-00072280-00072643 occupier to continue the fight
+UhGegBi-cUA-00268-00072644-00072986 you
+UhGegBi-cUA-00269-00072987-00073530 topic david gelila
+UhGegBi-cUA-00270-00073531-00073791 David Gillooly gained his practical
+UhGegBi-cUA-00271-00073792-00074046 experience in counterinsurgency as a
+UhGegBi-cUA-00272-00074047-00074391 French officer in the Algerian war his
+UhGegBi-cUA-00273-00074392-00074634 theory of counterinsurgency is not
+UhGegBi-cUA-00274-00074635-00074910 primarily military but a combination of
+UhGegBi-cUA-00275-00074911-00075173 military political and social actions
+UhGegBi-cUA-00276-00075174-00075366 under the strong control of a single
+UhGegBi-cUA-00277-00075367-00075929 Authority gelila proposes four laws for
+UhGegBi-cUA-00278-00075930-00076286 counterinsurgency the aim of the war is
+UhGegBi-cUA-00279-00076287-00076436 to gain the support of the population
+UhGegBi-cUA-00280-00076437-00076760 rather than control of territory
+UhGegBi-cUA-00281-00076761-00077061 most of the population will be neutral
+UhGegBi-cUA-00282-00077062-00077286 in the conflict support of the masses
+UhGegBi-cUA-00283-00077287-00077472 can be obtained with the help of an
+UhGegBi-cUA-00284-00077473-00077823 active friendly minority support of the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00285-00077824-00078137 population may be lost the population
+UhGegBi-cUA-00286-00078138-00078356 must be efficiently protected to allow
+UhGegBi-cUA-00287-00078357-00078534 it to cooperate without fear of
+UhGegBi-cUA-00288-00078535-00078915 retribution by the opposite party border
+UhGegBi-cUA-00289-00078916-00079122 enforcement should be done progressively
+UhGegBi-cUA-00290-00079123-00079367 by removing or driving away armed
+UhGegBi-cUA-00291-00079368-00079580 opponents then gaining support of the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00292-00079581-00079823 population and eventually strengthening
+UhGegBi-cUA-00293-00079824-00080057 positions by building infrastructure and
+UhGegBi-cUA-00294-00080058-00080294 setting long term relationships with the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00295-00080295-00080618 population this must be done area by
+UhGegBi-cUA-00296-00080619-00080898 area using a pacified territory as a
+UhGegBi-cUA-00297-00080899-00081119 basis of operation to conquer a
+UhGegBi-cUA-00298-00081120-00081442 neighbouring area gelila contends that a
+UhGegBi-cUA-00299-00081443-00081767 victory in a counterinsurgency is not
+UhGegBi-cUA-00300-00081768-00081978 the destruction in a given area of the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00301-00081979-00082224 insurgents forces and his political
+UhGegBi-cUA-00302-00082225-00082470 organization
+UhGegBi-cUA-00303-00082471-00082692 a victory is that plus the permanent
+UhGegBi-cUA-00304-00082693-00082896 isolation of the insurgent from the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00305-00082897-00083193 population isolation not enforced upon
+UhGegBi-cUA-00306-00083194-00083442 the population but maintained by and
+UhGegBi-cUA-00307-00083443-00083684 with the population
+UhGegBi-cUA-00308-00083685-00083962 in conventional warfare strength is
+UhGegBi-cUA-00309-00083963-00084187 assessed according to military or other
+UhGegBi-cUA-00310-00084188-00084454 tangible criteria such as the number of
+UhGegBi-cUA-00311-00084455-00084682 divisions the position they hold the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00312-00084683-00084971 industrial resources etc in
+UhGegBi-cUA-00313-00084972-00085261 revolutionary warfare strength must be
+UhGegBi-cUA-00314-00085262-00085474 assessed by the extent of support from
+UhGegBi-cUA-00315-00085475-00085705 the population as measured in terms of
+UhGegBi-cUA-00316-00085706-00085962 political organization at the grassroots
+UhGegBi-cUA-00317-00085963-00086246 the counter insurgent reaches a position
+UhGegBi-cUA-00318-00086247-00086503 of strength when his power is embedded
+UhGegBi-cUA-00319-00086504-00086759 in a political organization issuing from
+UhGegBi-cUA-00320-00086760-00087075 and firmly supported by the population
+UhGegBi-cUA-00321-00087076-00087373 with his four principles in mind
+UhGegBi-cUA-00322-00087374-00087568 gelila goes on to describe a general
+UhGegBi-cUA-00323-00087569-00087865 military and political strategy to put
+UhGegBi-cUA-00324-00087866-00088102 them into operation in an area that is
+UhGegBi-cUA-00325-00088103-00088421 under full insurgent control in a
+UhGegBi-cUA-00326-00088422-00088738 selected area one concentrate enough
+UhGegBi-cUA-00327-00088739-00089035 Armed Forces to destroy or to expel the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00328-00089036-00089452 main body of armed insurgents to detach
+UhGegBi-cUA-00329-00089453-00089704 for the area sufficient troops to oppose
+UhGegBi-cUA-00330-00089705-00089893 an insurgents come back in strength
+UhGegBi-cUA-00331-00089894-00090127 install these troops in the Hamlet's
+UhGegBi-cUA-00332-00090128-00090412 villages and towns where the population
+UhGegBi-cUA-00333-00090413-00090847 lives three establish contact with the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00334-00090848-00091090 population control its movements in
+UhGegBi-cUA-00335-00091091-00091279 order to cut off its links with the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00336-00091280-00091646 guerrillas four destroy the local
+UhGegBi-cUA-00337-00091647-00092009 insurgent political organization five
+UhGegBi-cUA-00338-00092010-00092284 set up by means of elections new
+UhGegBi-cUA-00339-00092285-00092710 provisional local authorities six Tests
+UhGegBi-cUA-00340-00092711-00092917 those authorities by assigning them
+UhGegBi-cUA-00341-00092918-00093253 various concrete tasks replace the softs
+UhGegBi-cUA-00342-00093254-00093487 and the incompetent give full support to
+UhGegBi-cUA-00343-00093488-00093832 the active leaders organize self-defense
+UhGegBi-cUA-00344-00093833-00094216 units seven group and educate the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00345-00094217-00094550 leaders in a national political movement
+UhGegBi-cUA-00346-00094551-00094829 eight win over or suppress the last
+UhGegBi-cUA-00347-00094830-00095050 insurgent remnants
+UhGegBi-cUA-00348-00095051-00095308 according to gelila some of these steps
+UhGegBi-cUA-00349-00095309-00095518 can be skipped in areas that are only
+UhGegBi-cUA-00350-00095519-00095764 partially under insurgent control and
+UhGegBi-cUA-00351-00095765-00096007 most of them are unnecessary in areas
+UhGegBi-cUA-00352-00096008-00096225 already controlled by the government
+UhGegBi-cUA-00353-00096226-00096520 thus the essence of counterinsurgency
+UhGegBi-cUA-00354-00096521-00096796 warfare is summed up by gelila as build
+UhGegBi-cUA-00355-00096797-00097060 or rebuild a political machine from the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00356-00097061-00097341 population upward
+UhGegBi-cUA-00357-00097342-00097679 you
+UhGegBi-cUA-00358-00097680-00098356 topic Robert Thompson Robert Granger
+UhGegBi-cUA-00359-00098357-00098609 Curt Thompson wrote defeating communist
+UhGegBi-cUA-00360-00098610-00098954 insurgency in 1966 arguing that a
+UhGegBi-cUA-00361-00098955-00099221 successful counterinsurgency effort must
+UhGegBi-cUA-00362-00099222-00099418 be proactive in seizing the initiative
+UhGegBi-cUA-00363-00099419-00099781 from insurgents Thompson outlines five
+UhGegBi-cUA-00364-00099782-00100032 basic principles for a successful
+UhGegBi-cUA-00365-00100033-00100348 counterinsurgency the government must
+UhGegBi-cUA-00366-00100349-00100610 have a clear political aim to establish
+UhGegBi-cUA-00367-00100611-00100843 and maintain a free independent and
+UhGegBi-cUA-00368-00100844-00101104 united country which is politically and
+UhGegBi-cUA-00369-00101105-00101447 economically stable and viable the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00370-00101448-00101656 government must function in accordance
+UhGegBi-cUA-00371-00101657-00101978 with the law the government must have an
+UhGegBi-cUA-00372-00101979-00102319 overall plan the government must give
+UhGegBi-cUA-00373-00102320-00102524 priority to defeating political
+UhGegBi-cUA-00374-00102525-00102856 subversion not the guerrillas in the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00375-00102857-00103076 guerrilla phase of an insurgency a
+UhGegBi-cUA-00376-00103077-00103309 government must secure its base areas
+UhGegBi-cUA-00377-00103310-00103526 first
+UhGegBi-cUA-00378-00103527-00103875 you
+UhGegBi-cUA-00379-00103876-00104427 topic David Kilcullen
+UhGegBi-cUA-00380-00104428-00104657 in the three pillars of
+UhGegBi-cUA-00381-00104658-00104984 counterinsurgency dr. David Kilcullen
+UhGegBi-cUA-00382-00104985-00105246 the chief strategist of the office of
+UhGegBi-cUA-00383-00105247-00105492 the coordinator for counterterrorism of
+UhGegBi-cUA-00384-00105493-00105765 the US State Department in 2006
+UhGegBi-cUA-00385-00105766-00106023 described a framework for interagency
+UhGegBi-cUA-00386-00106024-00106223 cooperation in counterinsurgency
+UhGegBi-cUA-00387-00106224-00106578 operations his pillars security
+UhGegBi-cUA-00388-00106579-00106818 political and economic support the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00389-00106819-00107043 overarching goal of control but are
+UhGegBi-cUA-00390-00107044-00107370 based on information this is because
+UhGegBi-cUA-00391-00107371-00107589 perception is crucial in developing
+UhGegBi-cUA-00392-00107590-00107823 control and influence over population
+UhGegBi-cUA-00393-00107824-00108161 groups substantive security political
+UhGegBi-cUA-00394-00108163-00108426 and economic measures are critical but
+UhGegBi-cUA-00395-00108427-00108651 to be effective they must rest upon and
+UhGegBi-cUA-00396-00108652-00108827 integrate with a broader information
+UhGegBi-cUA-00397-00108828-00109113 strategy every action in
+UhGegBi-cUA-00398-00109114-00109383 counterinsurgency sends a message the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00399-00109383-00109617 purpose of the information campaign is
+UhGegBi-cUA-00400-00109618-00110009 to consolidate and unify this message
+UhGegBi-cUA-00401-00110010-00110325 importantly the information campaign has
+UhGegBi-cUA-00402-00110326-00110589 to be conducted at a global regional and
+UhGegBi-cUA-00403-00110590-00110874 local level because modern insurgents
+UhGegBi-cUA-00404-00110875-00111123 draw upon global networks of sympathy
+UhGegBi-cUA-00405-00111124-00111434 support funding and recruitment
+UhGegBi-cUA-00406-00111435-00111723 kilcullen considers the three pillars to
+UhGegBi-cUA-00407-00111724-00112053 be of equal importance because unless
+UhGegBi-cUA-00408-00112054-00112254 they are developed in parallel the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00409-00112255-00112500 campaign becomes unbalanced too much
+UhGegBi-cUA-00410-00112501-00112722 economic assistance with inadequate
+UhGegBi-cUA-00411-00112723-00113013 security for example simply creates an
+UhGegBi-cUA-00412-00113014-00113319 array of soft targets for the insurgents
+UhGegBi-cUA-00413-00113320-00113583 similarly too much security assistance
+UhGegBi-cUA-00414-00113584-00113802 without political consensus or
+UhGegBi-cUA-00415-00113803-00114043 governance simply creates more capable
+UhGegBi-cUA-00416-00114044-00114348 armed groups in developing each pillar
+UhGegBi-cUA-00417-00114349-00114546 we measure progress by gauging
+UhGegBi-cUA-00418-00114547-00114777 effectiveness capability and capacity
+UhGegBi-cUA-00419-00114778-00115083 and legitimacy the degree to which the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00420-00115084-00115290 population accepts that government
+UhGegBi-cUA-00421-00115291-00115482 actions are in its interest
+UhGegBi-cUA-00422-00115483-00115800 the overall goal according to this model
+UhGegBi-cUA-00423-00115801-00116121 is not to reduce violence to zero or to
+UhGegBi-cUA-00424-00116122-00116340 kill every insurgent but rather to
+UhGegBi-cUA-00425-00116341-00116595 return the overall system to normality
+UhGegBi-cUA-00426-00116596-00116937 noting that normality in one society may
+UhGegBi-cUA-00427-00116938-00117161 look different from normality in another
+UhGegBi-cUA-00428-00117162-00117477 in each case we seek not only to
+UhGegBi-cUA-00429-00117478-00117675 establish control but also to
+UhGegBi-cUA-00430-00117676-00117882 consolidate that control and then
+UhGegBi-cUA-00431-00117883-00118125 transfer it to permanent effective and
+UhGegBi-cUA-00432-00118126-00118433 legitimate institutions
+UhGegBi-cUA-00433-00118434-00118774 you
+UhGegBi-cUA-00434-00118775-00119357 topic martin van crevel
+UhGegBi-cUA-00435-00119358-00119653 military historian Martin van crevel
+UhGegBi-cUA-00436-00119654-00119902 noting that almost all attempts to deal
+UhGegBi-cUA-00437-00119903-00120133 with insurgency have ended in failure
+UhGegBi-cUA-00438-00120133-00120506 advises the first an absolutely
+UhGegBi-cUA-00439-00120507-00120731 indispensable thing to do is throw
+UhGegBi-cUA-00440-00120732-00121027 overboard 99% of the literature on
+UhGegBi-cUA-00441-00121028-00121294 counterinsurgency counter-guerrilla
+UhGegBi-cUA-00442-00121295-00121627 counterterrorism and the like since most
+UhGegBi-cUA-00443-00121628-00121868 of it was written by the losing side it
+UhGegBi-cUA-00444-00121869-00122260 is of little value in examining why so
+UhGegBi-cUA-00445-00122261-00122491 many counterinsurgencies by powerful
+UhGegBi-cUA-00446-00122492-00122758 militaries fail against weaker enemies
+UhGegBi-cUA-00447-00122759-00122983 then crevel dident off' i's a key
+UhGegBi-cUA-00448-00122984-00123182 dynamic that he illustrates by the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00449-00123183-00123508 metaphor of killing a child regardless
+UhGegBi-cUA-00450-00123509-00123707 of whether the child started the fight
+UhGegBi-cUA-00451-00123708-00123922 or how well-armed the child as an adult
+UhGegBi-cUA-00452-00123923-00124174 in a fight with a child will feel that
+UhGegBi-cUA-00453-00124175-00124399 he is acting unjustly if he harms the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00454-00124400-00124651 child and foolish if the child harms him
+UhGegBi-cUA-00455-00124652-00124856 he will therefore wonder if the fight is
+UhGegBi-cUA-00456-00124857-00125041 necessary
+UhGegBi-cUA-00457-00125042-00125329 then crevel darg used that by definition
+UhGegBi-cUA-00458-00125330-00125665 a strong counterinsurgent who uses his
+UhGegBi-cUA-00459-00125666-00125878 strength to kill the members of a small
+UhGegBi-cUA-00460-00125879-00126196 weak organization of insurgents let
+UhGegBi-cUA-00461-00126197-00126472 alone the civilian population by which
+UhGegBi-cUA-00462-00126473-00126733 it is surrounded and which may lend its
+UhGegBi-cUA-00463-00126733-00127008 support will commit crimes in an unjust
+UhGegBi-cUA-00464-00127009-00127471 cause while a child who is in a serious
+UhGegBi-cUA-00465-00127472-00127741 fight with an adult as justified in
+UhGegBi-cUA-00466-00127742-00128032 using every and any means available not
+UhGegBi-cUA-00467-00128033-00128272 because he or she is right but because
+UhGegBi-cUA-00468-00128273-00128677 he or she has no choice every act of
+UhGegBi-cUA-00469-00128678-00128944 insurgency becomes from the perspective
+UhGegBi-cUA-00470-00128945-00129166 of the counter insurgent a reason to end
+UhGegBi-cUA-00471-00129167-00129411 the conflict while also being a reason
+UhGegBi-cUA-00472-00129413-00129616 for the insurgents to continue until
+UhGegBi-cUA-00473-00129617-00129690 victory
+UhGegBi-cUA-00474-00129691-00130008 Truong chin second-in-command to Ho Chi
+UhGegBi-cUA-00475-00130009-00130284 Minh of Vietnam wrote in his primer for
+UhGegBi-cUA-00476-00130285-00130584 revolt the guiding principle of the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00477-00130585-00130836 strategy for our whole resistance must
+UhGegBi-cUA-00478-00130838-00131137 be to prolong the war to protract the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00479-00131138-00131419 war as the key to victory why must the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00480-00131420-00131675 war be protracted
+UhGegBi-cUA-00481-00131676-00131960 if we throw the whole of our forces into
+UhGegBi-cUA-00482-00131961-00132170 a few battles to try to decide the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00483-00132171-00132419 outcome we shall certainly be defeated
+UhGegBi-cUA-00484-00132420-00132719 and the enemy will win on the other hand
+UhGegBi-cUA-00485-00132720-00132974 if while fighting we maintain our forces
+UhGegBi-cUA-00486-00132975-00133214 expand them train our army and people
+UhGegBi-cUA-00487-00133215-00133646 learn military tactics and at the same
+UhGegBi-cUA-00488-00133647-00133874 time wear down the enemy forces
+UhGegBi-cUA-00489-00133875-00134093 we shall weary and discourage them in
+UhGegBi-cUA-00490-00134094-00134339 such a way that strong as they are they
+UhGegBi-cUA-00491-00134340-00134522 will become weak and will meet defeat
+UhGegBi-cUA-00492-00134523-00134753 instead of victory
+UhGegBi-cUA-00493-00134754-00135161 van crevel thus identifies time as the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00494-00135162-00135452 key factor in counter insurgency in an
+UhGegBi-cUA-00495-00135453-00135668 attempt to find lessons from the few
+UhGegBi-cUA-00496-00135669-00135905 cases of successful counter insurgency
+UhGegBi-cUA-00497-00135906-00136199 of which he lists two clear cases the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00498-00136200-00136400 British efforts during the Troubles of
+UhGegBi-cUA-00499-00136401-00136670 Northern Ireland and the 1982 Hama
+UhGegBi-cUA-00500-00136671-00136892 massacre carried out by the Syrian
+UhGegBi-cUA-00501-00136893-00137081 government to suppress the Muslim
+UhGegBi-cUA-00502-00137082-00137330 Brotherhood he asserts that the core of
+UhGegBi-cUA-00503-00137331-00137627 the difficulty as neither military nor
+UhGegBi-cUA-00504-00137628-00138014 political but moral an outlines two
+UhGegBi-cUA-00505-00138015-00138248 distinct methods the first method relies
+UhGegBi-cUA-00506-00138249-00138545 on superb intelligence provided by those
+UhGegBi-cUA-00507-00138546-00138728 who know the natural and artificial
+UhGegBi-cUA-00508-00138729-00138968 environment of the conflict as well as
+UhGegBi-cUA-00509-00138969-00139271 the insurgents once such superior
+UhGegBi-cUA-00510-00139272-00139487 intelligence is gained the counter
+UhGegBi-cUA-00511-00139488-00139715 insurgents must be trained to a point of
+UhGegBi-cUA-00512-00139716-00139952 high professionalism and discipline such
+UhGegBi-cUA-00513-00139953-00140177 that they will exercise discrimination
+UhGegBi-cUA-00514-00140178-00140393 and restraint through such
+UhGegBi-cUA-00515-00140394-00140651 discrimination and restraint the counter
+UhGegBi-cUA-00516-00140652-00140876 insurgents do not alienate members of
+UhGegBi-cUA-00517-00140877-00141065 the populace besides those already
+UhGegBi-cUA-00518-00141066-00141293 fighting them while delaying the time
+UhGegBi-cUA-00519-00141294-00141485 when the counter insurgents become
+UhGegBi-cUA-00520-00141486-00141683 disgusted by their own actions and
+UhGegBi-cUA-00521-00141684-00141861 demoralized
+UhGegBi-cUA-00522-00141862-00142098 General Patrick Walters British
+UhGegBi-cUA-00523-00142099-00142331 commander of troops in Northern Ireland
+UhGegBi-cUA-00524-00142332-00142608 explicitly stated that his objective was
+UhGegBi-cUA-00525-00142609-00142802 not to kill as many terrorists as
+UhGegBi-cUA-00526-00142803-00143019 possible but to ensure that as few
+UhGegBi-cUA-00527-00143020-00143337 people on both sides were killed in the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00528-00143338-00143610 vast majority of counterinsurgencies the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00529-00143611-00143964 forces of order kill far more people
+UhGegBi-cUA-00530-00143965-00144282 than they lose in contrast in using very
+UhGegBi-cUA-00531-00144283-00144510 rough figures the struggle in Northern
+UhGegBi-cUA-00532-00144511-00144735 Ireland had cost the United Kingdom
+UhGegBi-cUA-00533-00144736-00145110 3,000 casualties in debt alone of the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00534-00145111-00145608 3,000 about 1,700 were civilians
+UhGegBi-cUA-00535-00145609-00145863 of the remaining a thousand were British
+UhGegBi-cUA-00536-00145864-00146187 soldiers no more than 300 were
+UhGegBi-cUA-00537-00146188-00146472 terrorists a ratio of three to one
+UhGegBi-cUA-00538-00146473-00146649 if the prerequisites for the first
+UhGegBi-cUA-00539-00146650-00146913 method excellent intelligence superbly
+UhGegBi-cUA-00540-00146914-00147128 trained in disciplined soldiers and
+UhGegBi-cUA-00541-00147129-00147369 police and an iron will to avoid being
+UhGegBi-cUA-00542-00147370-00147576 provoked into lashing out are lacking
+UhGegBi-cUA-00543-00147577-00147813 then crevel deposits that counter
+UhGegBi-cUA-00544-00147814-00148014 insurgents who still want to win must
+UhGegBi-cUA-00545-00148015-00148253 use the second method exemplified by the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00546-00148254-00148662 Hama massacre in 1982 the regime of
+UhGegBi-cUA-00547-00148663-00148962 Syrian President Hafez al-assad was on
+UhGegBi-cUA-00548-00148963-00149145 the point of being overwhelmed by the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00549-00149146-00149373 countrywide insurgency of the Muslim
+UhGegBi-cUA-00550-00149374-00149702 Brotherhood al-assad sent a division
+UhGegBi-cUA-00551-00149703-00149922 under his brother Refaat to the city of
+UhGegBi-cUA-00552-00149923-00150123 Hama known to be the center of the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00553-00150124-00150474 resistance following a counter-attack by
+UhGegBi-cUA-00554-00150475-00150699 the Brotherhood Rifat used his heavy
+UhGegBi-cUA-00555-00150700-00150948 artillery to demolish the city killing
+UhGegBi-cUA-00556-00150949-00151173 between ten and twenty five thousand
+UhGegBi-cUA-00557-00151174-00151451 people including many women and children
+UhGegBi-cUA-00558-00151452-00151731 asked by reporters what had happened
+UhGegBi-cUA-00559-00151732-00152037 Hafez al-assad exaggerated the damage
+UhGegBi-cUA-00560-00152038-00152256 and deaths promoted the commanders who
+UhGegBi-cUA-00561-00152257-00152496 carried out the attacks and raised Hamas
+UhGegBi-cUA-00562-00152497-00152714 well known great mosque replacing it
+UhGegBi-cUA-00563-00152715-00152982 with a parking lot with the Muslim
+UhGegBi-cUA-00564-00152983-00153237 Brotherhood scattered the population was
+UhGegBi-cUA-00565-00153238-00153415 so cowed that it would be years before
+UhGegBi-cUA-00566-00153416-00153663 opposition groups dared to disobey the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00567-00153664-00153933 regime again and then crevel darg use
+UhGegBi-cUA-00568-00153934-00154163 the massacre most likely saved the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00569-00154164-00154451 regime and prevented a bloody civil war
+UhGegBi-cUA-00570-00154452-00154754 vank reveled condenses al-assad's
+UhGegBi-cUA-00571-00154755-00155003 strategy into five rules while noting
+UhGegBi-cUA-00572-00155004-00155184 that they could easily have been written
+UhGegBi-cUA-00573-00155185-00155511 by niccolò machiavelli there are
+UhGegBi-cUA-00574-00155512-00155787 situations in which cruelty is necessary
+UhGegBi-cUA-00575-00155788-00156063 and refusing to apply necessary cruelty
+UhGegBi-cUA-00576-00156064-00156288 as a betrayal of the people who put you
+UhGegBi-cUA-00577-00156289-00156629 into power when pressed to cruelty never
+UhGegBi-cUA-00578-00156630-00156849 threaten your opponent but disguise your
+UhGegBi-cUA-00579-00156850-00157071 intention and feign weakness until you
+UhGegBi-cUA-00580-00157072-00157427 strike once you decide to strike it is
+UhGegBi-cUA-00581-00157428-00157611 better to kill too many than not enough
+UhGegBi-cUA-00582-00157612-00157995 if another strike is needed it reduces
+UhGegBi-cUA-00583-00157996-00158265 the impact of the first strike
+UhGegBi-cUA-00584-00158266-00158499 repeated strikes will also endanger the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00585-00158500-00158695 morale of the counter insurgent troops
+UhGegBi-cUA-00586-00158696-00158920 soldiers forced to commit repeated
+UhGegBi-cUA-00587-00158921-00159165 atrocities will likely begin to resort
+UhGegBi-cUA-00588-00159166-00159384 to alcohol or drugs to force themselves
+UhGegBi-cUA-00589-00159385-00159609 to carry out orders and will inevitably
+UhGegBi-cUA-00590-00159610-00159891 lose their military edge eventually
+UhGegBi-cUA-00591-00159892-00160053 turning into a danger to their
+UhGegBi-cUA-00592-00160054-00160413 commanders act as soon as possible
+UhGegBi-cUA-00593-00160414-00160681 more lives will be saved by decisive
+UhGegBi-cUA-00594-00160682-00160899 action early than by prolonging the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00595-00160900-00161229 insurgency the longer you wait the more
+UhGegBi-cUA-00596-00161230-00161424 honored the population will be to
+UhGegBi-cUA-00597-00161425-00161634 bloodshed and the more barbaric your
+UhGegBi-cUA-00598-00161635-00161799 action will have to be to make an
+UhGegBi-cUA-00599-00161800-00161919 impression
+UhGegBi-cUA-00600-00161920-00162264 strike openly do not apologise make
+UhGegBi-cUA-00601-00162265-00162670 excuses about collateral damage express
+UhGegBi-cUA-00602-00162671-00162926 regret or promise investigations
+UhGegBi-cUA-00603-00162927-00163209 afterwards make sure that as many people
+UhGegBi-cUA-00604-00163210-00163476 as possible know of your strike media is
+UhGegBi-cUA-00605-00163477-00163716 useful for this purpose but be careful
+UhGegBi-cUA-00606-00163717-00163947 not to let them interview survivors and
+UhGegBi-cUA-00607-00163948-00164259 arouse sympathy do not command the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00608-00164260-00164490 strike yourself in case it doesn't work
+UhGegBi-cUA-00609-00164491-00164712 for some reason and you need to disown
+UhGegBi-cUA-00610-00164713-00164931 your commander and try another strategy
+UhGegBi-cUA-00611-00164932-00165249 if it does work present your commander
+UhGegBi-cUA-00612-00165250-00165481 to the world explain what you have done
+UhGegBi-cUA-00613-00165482-00165650 and make certain that everyone
+UhGegBi-cUA-00614-00165651-00165879 understands that you are ready to strike
+UhGegBi-cUA-00615-00165880-00166167 again
+UhGegBi-cUA-00616-00166168-00166421 you
+UhGegBi-cUA-00617-00166422-00167021 topic lorenzo's am Bernardi
+UhGegBi-cUA-00618-00167022-00167393 in counterinsurgencies impossible try
+UhGegBi-cUA-00619-00167394-00167684 llama dr. Lorenzo Zam Bernardi an
+UhGegBi-cUA-00620-00167685-00167924 Italian academic now working in the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00621-00167925-00168173 United States clarifies the trade-offs
+UhGegBi-cUA-00622-00168174-00168470 involved in counterinsurgency operations
+UhGegBi-cUA-00623-00168471-00168758 he argues that counterinsurgency
+UhGegBi-cUA-00624-00168759-00169015 involves three main goals but in real
+UhGegBi-cUA-00625-00169016-00169247 practice a counter insurgent needs to
+UhGegBi-cUA-00626-00169248-00169571 choose two goals out of three relying on
+UhGegBi-cUA-00627-00169572-00169799 economic theory this is what Zam
+UhGegBi-cUA-00628-00169800-00170093 Bernardi labels The Impossible trilemma
+UhGegBi-cUA-00629-00170094-00170468 of counterinsurgency specifically The
+UhGegBi-cUA-00630-00170469-00170716 Impossible trilemma suggests that it is
+UhGegBi-cUA-00631-00170717-00171011 impossible to simultaneously achieve one
+UhGegBi-cUA-00632-00171012-00171262 force protection two distinction between
+UhGegBi-cUA-00633-00171263-00171526 enemy combatants and non-combatants and
+UhGegBi-cUA-00634-00171527-00171734 three the physical elimination of
+UhGegBi-cUA-00635-00171735-00171901 insurgents
+UhGegBi-cUA-00636-00171902-00172159 according to Zam Bernardi in pursuing
+UhGegBi-cUA-00637-00172160-00172393 any two of these three goals a state
+UhGegBi-cUA-00638-00172394-00172603 must forego some portion of the third
+UhGegBi-cUA-00639-00172604-00172936 objective in particular a state can
+UhGegBi-cUA-00640-00172937-00173116 protect its armed forces while
+UhGegBi-cUA-00641-00173117-00173332 destroying insurgents but only by
+UhGegBi-cUA-00642-00173333-00173563 indiscriminately killing civilians as
+UhGegBi-cUA-00643-00173564-00173851 the Ottomans Italians and Nazis did in
+UhGegBi-cUA-00644-00173852-00174187 the Balkans Libya and Eastern Europe it
+UhGegBi-cUA-00645-00174188-00174418 can choose to protect civilians along
+UhGegBi-cUA-00646-00174419-00174619 with its own Armed Forces instead
+UhGegBi-cUA-00647-00174620-00174901 avoiding so-called collateral damage but
+UhGegBi-cUA-00648-00174902-00175102 only by abandoning the objective of
+UhGegBi-cUA-00649-00175103-00175408 destroying the insurgents finally a
+UhGegBi-cUA-00650-00175409-00175564 state can discriminate between
+UhGegBi-cUA-00651-00175565-00175795 combatants and non-combatants while
+UhGegBi-cUA-00652-00175796-00175996 killing insurgents but only by
+UhGegBi-cUA-00653-00175997-00176212 increasing the risks for its own troops
+UhGegBi-cUA-00654-00176213-00176416 because often insurgents will hide
+UhGegBi-cUA-00655-00176417-00176632 behind civilians or appear to be
+UhGegBi-cUA-00656-00176633-00176971 civilians so a country must choose two
+UhGegBi-cUA-00657-00176972-00177172 out of three goals and develop a
+UhGegBi-cUA-00658-00177173-00177321 strategy that can successfully
+UhGegBi-cUA-00659-00177322-00177592 accomplish them while sacrificing the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00660-00177593-00177775 third objective
+UhGegBi-cUA-00661-00177776-00178036 Zam bernardi's theory posits that to
+UhGegBi-cUA-00662-00178037-00178291 protect populations which is necessary
+UhGegBi-cUA-00663-00178292-00178558 to defeat insurgencies and to physically
+UhGegBi-cUA-00664-00178559-00178783 destroy an insurgency the counter
+UhGegBi-cUA-00665-00178784-00179005 insurgents military forces must be
+UhGegBi-cUA-00666-00179006-00179275 sacrificed risking the loss of domestic
+UhGegBi-cUA-00667-00179276-00179550 political support
+UhGegBi-cUA-00668-00179551-00179891 you
+UhGegBi-cUA-00669-00179892-00180445 topic Akali Oh many
+UhGegBi-cUA-00670-00180446-00180699 another writer who explores a trio of
+UhGegBi-cUA-00671-00180700-00180948 features relevant to understanding
+UhGegBi-cUA-00672-00180949-00181245 counterinsurgency is dr. Akali o many
+UhGegBi-cUA-00673-00181246-00181551 within the contemporary context coin
+UhGegBi-cUA-00674-00181552-00181836 warfare by African militaries tends to
+UhGegBi-cUA-00675-00181837-00182025 be at the margins of the theoretical
+UhGegBi-cUA-00676-00182026-00182286 debate even though Africa today is faced
+UhGegBi-cUA-00677-00182287-00182604 with a number of deadly insurgencies in
+UhGegBi-cUA-00678-00182605-00182932 counterinsurgency in Nigeria Oh many a
+UhGegBi-cUA-00679-00182933-00183174 Nigerian academic discusses the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00680-00183175-00183387 interactions between certain features
+UhGegBi-cUA-00681-00183388-00183627 away from the battlefield which account
+UhGegBi-cUA-00682-00183628-00183835 for battlefield performance against
+UhGegBi-cUA-00683-00183836-00184185 insurgent warfare specifically Oh many
+UhGegBi-cUA-00684-00184186-00184410 argues that the trio of historical
+UhGegBi-cUA-00685-00184411-00184720 experienced organizational culture OC
+UhGegBi-cUA-00686-00184721-00184923 and doctrine help explain the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00687-00184924-00185170 institution of coin within militaries
+UhGegBi-cUA-00688-00185171-00185356 and their tendency to reject the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00689-00185357-00185572 innovation and adaptation often
+UhGegBi-cUA-00690-00185573-00185884 necessary to defeat insurgency these
+UhGegBi-cUA-00691-00185885-00186165 three features furthermore influence and
+UhGegBi-cUA-00692-00186166-00186385 can undermine the operational tactics
+UhGegBi-cUA-00693-00186386-00186648 and concepts adopted against insurgents
+UhGegBi-cUA-00694-00186649-00186999 the coin challenge therefore is not just
+UhGegBi-cUA-00695-00187000-00187236 operational it also is cultural and
+UhGegBi-cUA-00696-00187237-00187498 institutional before ever it reflects on
+UhGegBi-cUA-00697-00187499-00187672 the battlefield
+UhGegBi-cUA-00698-00187673-00187923 according to Oh many institutional
+UhGegBi-cUA-00699-00187924-00188224 isomorphism as a sociological phenomenon
+UhGegBi-cUA-00700-00188225-00188473 that constrains the habits of a military
+UhGegBi-cUA-00701-00188474-00188776 in this case the Nigerian military to
+UhGegBi-cUA-00702-00188777-00189001 the long established yet increasingly
+UhGegBi-cUA-00703-00189002-00189298 ineffective ideology of the offensive in
+UhGegBi-cUA-00704-00189299-00189665 irregular warfare as Oh many rights
+UhGegBi-cUA-00705-00189666-00189915 whereas the Nigerian military's
+UhGegBi-cUA-00706-00189916-00190114 performance against militias in the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00707-00190115-00190357 Niger Delta already suggested the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00708-00190358-00190597 military had a poor grasp of the threat
+UhGegBi-cUA-00709-00190598-00190810 of insurgent warfare it was further
+UhGegBi-cUA-00710-00190811-00191089 along the line as the military struggled
+UhGegBi-cUA-00711-00191090-00191314 against Boko Haram's threat that the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00712-00191315-00191623 extent of this weakness was exposed at
+UhGegBi-cUA-00713-00191624-00191865 best the utility of force for the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00714-00191866-00192112 Nigerian military had become but a
+UhGegBi-cUA-00715-00192113-00192325 temporary solution against the threat of
+UhGegBi-cUA-00716-00192326-00192682 insurgent warfare at worst the existing
+UhGegBi-cUA-00717-00192683-00192907 model has been perpetuated at such high
+UhGegBi-cUA-00718-00192908-00193165 cost that urgent revisionist thinking
+UhGegBi-cUA-00719-00193166-00193347 around the idea of counterinsurgency
+UhGegBi-cUA-00720-00193348-00193648 within the military institution may now
+UhGegBi-cUA-00721-00193649-00193794 be required
+UhGegBi-cUA-00722-00193795-00194071 additionally the military's decisive
+UhGegBi-cUA-00723-00194072-00194350 Civil War victory the pivot in Nigeria's
+UhGegBi-cUA-00724-00194351-00194578 strategic culture towards a regional
+UhGegBi-cUA-00725-00194579-00194763 role and the institutional D
+UhGegBi-cUA-00726-00194764-00195015 legitimization brought about by decades
+UhGegBi-cUA-00727-00195016-00195253 of Coos and political meddling meant
+UhGegBi-cUA-00728-00195254-00195412 that much time went by without
+UhGegBi-cUA-00729-00195413-00195673 substantive revisionism to military's
+UhGegBi-cUA-00730-00195674-00195906 thinking around its internal function
+UhGegBi-cUA-00731-00195907-00196228 change moreover where it occurred was
+UhGegBi-cUA-00732-00196229-00196483 institutionally isomorphic and not as
+UhGegBi-cUA-00733-00196484-00196696 far removed from the military's own
+UhGegBi-cUA-00734-00196697-00196953 origins as the intervening decades may
+UhGegBi-cUA-00735-00196954-00197299 have suggested further the infantry
+UhGegBi-cUA-00736-00197300-00197518 centric nature of the Nigerian Army's
+UhGegBi-cUA-00737-00197519-00197785 battalions traceable all the way back to
+UhGegBi-cUA-00738-00197786-00198033 the Civil War in Nigeria back in the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00739-00198034-00198151 1960s
+UhGegBi-cUA-00740-00198152-00198364 is reflected in the kinetic nature of
+UhGegBi-cUA-00741-00198365-00198588 the Army's contemporary coin approach
+UhGegBi-cUA-00742-00198589-00198886 this approach has failed to defeat Boko
+UhGegBi-cUA-00743-00198887-00199266 Haram in the way many expected certainly
+UhGegBi-cUA-00744-00199267-00199522 therefore the popular argument today
+UhGegBi-cUA-00745-00199523-00199771 which holds that the Nigerian Army has
+UhGegBi-cUA-00746-00199772-00199999 struggled in coin due to capabilities
+UhGegBi-cUA-00747-00200000-00200365 shortcomings holds some merit however a
+UhGegBi-cUA-00748-00200366-00200616 full spectrum analysis of the Nigeria
+UhGegBi-cUA-00749-00200617-00200893 case suggests that this popular dominant
+UhGegBi-cUA-00750-00200894-00201056 narrative scarcely scratched
+UhGegBi-cUA-00751-00201057-00201218 is the surface of the true coin
+UhGegBi-cUA-00752-00201219-00201524 challenge this population centered
+UhGegBi-cUA-00753-00201525-00201751 challenge moreover is one that
+UhGegBi-cUA-00754-00201752-00201986 militaries across the world continue to
+UhGegBi-cUA-00755-00201987-00202276 contend with and in attempting to solve
+UhGegBi-cUA-00756-00202277-00202523 the coin puzzle state forces over the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00757-00202524-00202937 decades have tried a range of tactics
+UhGegBi-cUA-00758-00202938-00203301 you
+UhGegBi-cUA-00759-00203302-00204192 topic tactics
+UhGegBi-cUA-00760-00204193-00204793 topic population control
+UhGegBi-cUA-00761-00204794-00205129 with regard to tactics the terms drain
+UhGegBi-cUA-00762-00205130-00205555 the water or drain the swamp involves
+UhGegBi-cUA-00763-00205556-00205789 the forced relocation of the population
+UhGegBi-cUA-00764-00205790-00206179 water to expose the rebels or insurgents
+UhGegBi-cUA-00765-00206180-00206592 fish in other words relocation deprives
+UhGegBi-cUA-00766-00206594-00206817 the aforementioned of the support cover
+UhGegBi-cUA-00767-00206819-00207119 and resources of the local population
+UhGegBi-cUA-00768-00207121-00207394 one of the earliest examples of the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00769-00207394-00207607 strategy was applied by the British
+UhGegBi-cUA-00770-00207608-00207859 Empire during the second Boer War to
+UhGegBi-cUA-00771-00207860-00208096 segregate potential Boer supporters from
+UhGegBi-cUA-00772-00208096-00208288 Boer commandos scorched earth tactics
+UhGegBi-cUA-00773-00208289-00208615 were used to destroy Boer farmland while
+UhGegBi-cUA-00774-00208616-00208866 Boers were shipped abroad or confined to
+UhGegBi-cUA-00775-00208867-00209080 concentration camps converted from
+UhGegBi-cUA-00776-00209081-00209310 refugee camps for displaced Boers
+UhGegBi-cUA-00777-00209311-00209596 the tactic was later refined in the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00778-00209596-00209796 Briggs plan during the Malayan emergency
+UhGegBi-cUA-00779-00209796-00210079 when predominantly Chinese rural
+UhGegBi-cUA-00780-00210080-00210277 population centres with suspected
+UhGegBi-cUA-00781-00210278-00210498 Malayan races Liberation Army
+UhGegBi-cUA-00782-00210500-00210682 sympathizers were gutted and their
+UhGegBi-cUA-00783-00210683-00210952 populations transferred to enclosed and
+UhGegBi-cUA-00784-00210953-00211300 guarded new villages to control and
+UhGegBi-cUA-00785-00211301-00211558 monitor population activity to improve
+UhGegBi-cUA-00786-00211559-00211771 local support for the British new
+UhGegBi-cUA-00787-00211771-00211969 villages were equipped with adequate
+UhGegBi-cUA-00788-00211969-00212209 basic amenities including running water
+UhGegBi-cUA-00789-00212210-00212482 electricity and health and education
+UhGegBi-cUA-00790-00212483-00212640 services
+UhGegBi-cUA-00791-00212641-00212892 a somewhat similar strategy was used
+UhGegBi-cUA-00792-00212892-00213162 extensively by US forces in South
+UhGegBi-cUA-00793-00213163-00213564 Vietnam until 1969 initially by forcing
+UhGegBi-cUA-00794-00213565-00213819 the rural population in defensed secured
+UhGegBi-cUA-00795-00213819-00214050 villages referred to as strategic
+UhGegBi-cUA-00796-00214051-00214263 Hamlet's and later by declaring the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00797-00214264-00214469 area's people in the strategic Hamlet's
+UhGegBi-cUA-00798-00214471-00214730 had come from as free-fire zones to
+UhGegBi-cUA-00799-00214731-00214944 remove the remainder of the population
+UhGegBi-cUA-00800-00214944-00215267 from their villages and farms widespread
+UhGegBi-cUA-00801-00215269-00215507 use was made of Agent Orange which was
+UhGegBi-cUA-00802-00215508-00215723 first used on a large scale by the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00803-00215725-00215905 British during the Malayan emergency
+UhGegBi-cUA-00804-00215906-00216219 sprayed from airplanes to destroy crops
+UhGegBi-cUA-00805-00216219-00216450 that might have provided resources for
+UhGegBi-cUA-00806-00216451-00216675 Viet Cong and North Vietnamese troops
+UhGegBi-cUA-00807-00216676-00216963 and their human support base these
+UhGegBi-cUA-00808-00216964-00217208 measures proved ineffective since pham
+UhGegBi-cUA-00809-00217209-00217478 ngoc thou who oversaw the program was a
+UhGegBi-cUA-00810-00217479-00217713 communist agent and sabotage the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00811-00217714-00217998 implementation of the Hamlet's this
+UhGegBi-cUA-00812-00217998-00218214 allowed Viet Cong activists and
+UhGegBi-cUA-00813-00218215-00218423 sympathizers to infiltrate the new
+UhGegBi-cUA-00814-00218425-00218790 communities in any event the Vietnam War
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+UhGegBi-cUA-00816-00219042-00219242 campaign as it also involved
+UhGegBi-cUA-00817-00219244-00219557 conventional combat between us a ARVN
+UhGegBi-cUA-00818-00219558-00219857 forces Viet Cong main force battalions
+UhGegBi-cUA-00819-00219858-00220229 and the North Vietnamese Army NVA
+UhGegBi-cUA-00820-00220230-00220451 according to a report of the Naval
+UhGegBi-cUA-00821-00220452-00220764 Postgraduate School among the most
+UhGegBi-cUA-00822-00220765-00220997 effective means are such population
+UhGegBi-cUA-00823-00220998-00221187 control measures as vehicle and
+UhGegBi-cUA-00824-00221188-00221391 personnel checkpoints and national
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+UhGegBi-cUA-00826-00221764-00221988 to carry an ID card with a photo and
+UhGegBi-cUA-00827-00221989-00222209 thumbprint forced the Communists to
+UhGegBi-cUA-00828-00222210-00222395 abandon their original three-phase
+UhGegBi-cUA-00829-00222396-00222656 political military strategy and caused
+UhGegBi-cUA-00830-00222657-00222869 divisive infighting among their leaders
+UhGegBi-cUA-00831-00222870-00223097 over how to respond to this effect of
+UhGegBi-cUA-00832-00223098-00223421 population control measure
+UhGegBi-cUA-00833-00223421-00223766 you
+UhGegBi-cUA-00834-00223767-00224298 topic oil spot
+UhGegBi-cUA-00835-00224298-00224507 the oil spot approach is the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00836-00224508-00224721 concentration of counter insurgent
+UhGegBi-cUA-00837-00224721-00224998 forces into an expanding secured zone
+UhGegBi-cUA-00838-00225000-00225308 the origins of the expression as to be
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+UhGegBi-cUA-00840-00225529-00225794 Hubert Lyautey the main theoretician of
+UhGegBi-cUA-00841-00225796-00225987 French colonial warfare and
+UhGegBi-cUA-00842-00225988-00226334 counterinsurgency strategy the oil spot
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+UhGegBi-cUA-00844-00226504-00226728 justifications given in the Pentagon
+UhGegBi-cUA-00845-00226729-00227142 Papers for the strategic Hamlet program
+UhGegBi-cUA-00846-00227142-00227487 you
+UhGegBi-cUA-00847-00227488-00228062 topic cordon and search
+UhGegBi-cUA-00848-00228063-00228353 cordon and search as a military tactic
+UhGegBi-cUA-00849-00228354-00228578 one of the basic counterinsurgency
+UhGegBi-cUA-00850-00228579-00228830 operations in which an area is cordoned
+UhGegBi-cUA-00851-00228831-00229028 off and premises are searched for
+UhGegBi-cUA-00852-00229029-00229337 weapons or insurgents other related
+UhGegBi-cUA-00853-00229338-00229690 operations are cordon and knock and
+UhGegBi-cUA-00854-00229691-00230129 cordon and kick cordon and search is
+UhGegBi-cUA-00855-00230130-00230342 part of new doctrine called stability
+UhGegBi-cUA-00856-00230342-00230771 and support operations or SAS oh it is a
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+UhGegBi-cUA-00858-00230988-00231221 intelligence of weapons in the house and
+UhGegBi-cUA-00859-00231221-00231446 therefore is less intense than a normal
+UhGegBi-cUA-00860-00231446-00231737 house search it is used in urban
+UhGegBi-cUA-00861-00231738-00231983 neighborhoods the purpose of the mission
+UhGegBi-cUA-00862-00231984-00232157 is to search a house with as little
+UhGegBi-cUA-00863-00232158-00232409 inconvenience to the resident family as
+UhGegBi-cUA-00864-00232410-00232627 possible
+UhGegBi-cUA-00865-00232628-00232967 you
+UhGegBi-cUA-00866-00232967-00233538 topic air operations
+UhGegBi-cUA-00867-00233539-00233832 air power can play an important role in
+UhGegBi-cUA-00868-00233833-00234078 counter insurgency capable of carrying
+UhGegBi-cUA-00869-00234079-00234413 out a wide range of operations
+UhGegBi-cUA-00870-00234414-00234669 transportation in support of combatants
+UhGegBi-cUA-00871-00234669-00234933 and civilians alike including casualty
+UhGegBi-cUA-00872-00234934-00235283 evacuations intelligence gathering
+UhGegBi-cUA-00873-00235284-00235625 surveillance and reconnaissance
+UhGegBi-cUA-00874-00235626-00235892 psychological operations through leaflet
+UhGegBi-cUA-00875-00235894-00236282 drops loudspeakers and radio broadcasts
+UhGegBi-cUA-00876-00236283-00236535 air-to-ground attack against soft
+UhGegBi-cUA-00877-00236536-00236855 targets
+UhGegBi-cUA-00878-00236856-00237108 you
+UhGegBi-cUA-00879-00237109-00237684 topic public diplomacy
+UhGegBi-cUA-00880-00237685-00237917 in general david petraeus
+UhGegBi-cUA-00881-00237919-00238167 counterinsurgency Field Manual one of
+UhGegBi-cUA-00882-00238169-00238390 the many tactics described to help win
+UhGegBi-cUA-00883-00238391-00238653 in counterinsurgency warfare involves
+UhGegBi-cUA-00884-00238654-00238869 the use of public diplomacy through
+UhGegBi-cUA-00885-00238870-00239223 military means counterinsurgency as
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+UhGegBi-cUA-00887-00239494-00239754 comprehensive strategy employing all
+UhGegBi-cUA-00888-00239755-00240056 instruments of national power including
+UhGegBi-cUA-00889-00240057-00240357 public diplomacy the goal of coin
+UhGegBi-cUA-00890-00240358-00240606 operations as to render the insurgents
+UhGegBi-cUA-00891-00240607-00240865 as ineffective and non influential by
+UhGegBi-cUA-00892-00240866-00241119 having strong and secure relations with
+UhGegBi-cUA-00893-00241120-00241437 the population of the host nation an
+UhGegBi-cUA-00894-00241438-00241671 understanding of the host nation and the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00895-00241672-00241881 environment that the coin operations
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+UhGegBi-cUA-00897-00242203-00242445 diplomacy in coin warfare is only
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+UhGegBi-cUA-00899-00242626-00242788 understanding of the culture and
+UhGegBi-cUA-00900-00242789-00243102 population at hand one of the largest
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+UhGegBi-cUA-00903-00243556-00243756 populace how they interact with the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00904-00243757-00243951 insurgents how they interact with
+UhGegBi-cUA-00905-00243952-00244162 non-government organizations in the area
+UhGegBi-cUA-00906-00244163-00244389 and how they view the counterinsurgency
+UhGegBi-cUA-00907-00244390-00244806 operations themselves ethics as a common
+UhGegBi-cUA-00908-00244807-00245022 public diplomacy aspect that is
+UhGegBi-cUA-00909-00245023-00245379 emphasized in coin warfare insurgents
+UhGegBi-cUA-00910-00245380-00245607 win their war by attacking internal will
+UhGegBi-cUA-00911-00245608-00245890 and the international opposition in
+UhGegBi-cUA-00912-00245891-00246099 order to combat these tactics the
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+UhGegBi-cUA-00914-00246334-00246473 treat their prisoners and detainees
+UhGegBi-cUA-00915-00246474-00246742 humanely and according to American
+UhGegBi-cUA-00916-00246742-00247110 values and principles by doing this coin
+UhGegBi-cUA-00917-00247111-00247317 operations show the host nations
+UhGegBi-cUA-00918-00247319-00247557 population that they can be trusted and
+UhGegBi-cUA-00919-00247558-00247704 that they are concerned about the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00920-00247705-00247942 well-being of the population in order to
+UhGegBi-cUA-00921-00247942-00248290 be successful in warfare political
+UhGegBi-cUA-00922-00248291-00248595 social and economic programs are usually
+UhGegBi-cUA-00923-00248596-00248921 more valuable than conventional military
+UhGegBi-cUA-00924-00248922-00249195 operations in addressing the root causes
+UhGegBi-cUA-00925-00249196-00249435 of the conflict and undermining the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00926-00249436-00249825 insurgency these programs are essential
+UhGegBi-cUA-00927-00249826-00250002 in order to gain the support of the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00928-00250003-00250291 population these programs are designed
+UhGegBi-cUA-00929-00250292-00250602 to make the local population feel secure
+UhGegBi-cUA-00930-00250603-00250797 safe and more aligned with the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00931-00250798-00251041 counterinsurgency efforts this enables
+UhGegBi-cUA-00932-00251042-00251274 the citizens of the host nation to trust
+UhGegBi-cUA-00933-00251275-00251437 the goals and purposes of the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00934-00251438-00251700 counterinsurgency efforts as opposed to
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+UhGegBi-cUA-00936-00252038-00252285 battle of ideas and the implementation
+UhGegBi-cUA-00937-00252286-00252514 and integration of these programs as
+UhGegBi-cUA-00938-00252515-00252822 important for success social political
+UhGegBi-cUA-00939-00252823-00253044 and economic programs should be
+UhGegBi-cUA-00940-00253045-00253296 coordinated and administered by the host
+UhGegBi-cUA-00941-00253297-00253653 nations leaders as well successful coin
+UhGegBi-cUA-00942-00253654-00253915 warfare allows the population to see
+UhGegBi-cUA-00943-00253916-00254127 that the counterinsurgency efforts are
+UhGegBi-cUA-00944-00254128-00254304 including the host nation in they're
+UhGegBi-cUA-00945-00254305-00254622 rebuilding programs the war is fought
+UhGegBi-cUA-00946-00254623-00254772 among the people and for the people
+UhGegBi-cUA-00947-00254773-00255006 between the insurgents and the counter
+UhGegBi-cUA-00948-00255007-00255378 insurgents a counter insurgency is won
+UhGegBi-cUA-00949-00255379-00255642 by utilizing strategic communications
+UhGegBi-cUA-00950-00255644-00255897 and information operations successfully
+UhGegBi-cUA-00951-00255898-00256248 a counterinsurgency as a competition of
+UhGegBi-cUA-00952-00256249-00256526 ideas ideologies and socio-political
+UhGegBi-cUA-00953-00256527-00256899 movements in order to combat insurgent
+UhGegBi-cUA-00954-00256900-00257137 ideologies one must understand the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00955-00257138-00257334 values and characteristics of the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00956-00257335-00257549 ideology or religion
+UhGegBi-cUA-00957-00257550-00257826 additionally counterinsurgency efforts
+UhGegBi-cUA-00958-00257827-00258042 need to understand the culture of which
+UhGegBi-cUA-00959-00258044-00258303 the insurgency resides in order to
+UhGegBi-cUA-00960-00258304-00258522 strategically launch information and
+UhGegBi-cUA-00961-00258523-00258744 communication operations against the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00962-00258745-00259067 insurgency
+UhGegBi-cUA-00963-00259069-00259335 insurgency information operatives need
+UhGegBi-cUA-00964-00259336-00259595 to also identify key audiences
+UhGegBi-cUA-00965-00259596-00259857 communicators and public leaders to know
+UhGegBi-cUA-00966-00259858-00260073 who to influence and reach out to with
+UhGegBi-cUA-00967-00260074-00260323 their information
+UhGegBi-cUA-00968-00260323-00260639 you
+UhGegBi-cUA-00969-00260640-00261240 topic information operations
+UhGegBi-cUA-00970-00261241-00261498 public diplomacy in information
+UhGegBi-cUA-00971-00261498-00261741 operations can only be achieved by a
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+UhGegBi-cUA-00973-00261981-00262310 is operating in counterinsurgency
+UhGegBi-cUA-00974-00262311-00262569 operations must be able to perceive the
+UhGegBi-cUA-00975-00262570-00262856 world from the locals perspective to
+UhGegBi-cUA-00976-00262857-00263117 develop a comprehensive cultural picture
+UhGegBi-cUA-00977-00263118-00263333 counterinsurgency efforts should invest
+UhGegBi-cUA-00978-00263334-00263673 in employing media consultants finance
+UhGegBi-cUA-00979-00263674-00263990 and business experts psychologists
+UhGegBi-cUA-00980-00263991-00264237 organizational Network analysts and
+UhGegBi-cUA-00981-00264238-00264449 scholars from a wide range of
+UhGegBi-cUA-00982-00264450-00264799 disciplines most importantly
+UhGegBi-cUA-00983-00264800-00264999 counterinsurgency efforts need to be
+UhGegBi-cUA-00984-00265000-00265224 able to understand why the local
+UhGegBi-cUA-00985-00265225-00265464 population is drawn into the insurgent
+UhGegBi-cUA-00986-00265465-00265740 ideology like what aspects are appealing
+UhGegBi-cUA-00987-00265741-00265979 and how insurgents use information to
+UhGegBi-cUA-00988-00265980-00266305 draw their followers into the ideology
+UhGegBi-cUA-00989-00266306-00266538 counterinsurgency communication efforts
+UhGegBi-cUA-00990-00266539-00266790 need a baseline understanding of values
+UhGegBi-cUA-00991-00266791-00267056 attitudes and perceptions of the people
+UhGegBi-cUA-00992-00267057-00267291 in the area of operations to conduct
+UhGegBi-cUA-00993-00267292-00267540 successful public diplomacy to defeat
+UhGegBi-cUA-00994-00267541-00267878 the enemy developing information and
+UhGegBi-cUA-00995-00267879-00268095 communication strategies involve
+UhGegBi-cUA-00996-00268096-00268280 providing a legitimate alternate
+UhGegBi-cUA-00997-00268281-00268590 ideology improving security and Economic
+UhGegBi-cUA-00998-00268591-00268815 Opportunity and strengthening family
+UhGegBi-cUA-00999-00268816-00269156 ties outside of the insurgency in order
+UhGegBi-cUA-01000-00269157-00269370 to conduct public diplomacy through
+UhGegBi-cUA-01001-00269371-00269571 these means counterinsurgency
+UhGegBi-cUA-01002-00269572-00269804 communication needs to match its deeds
+UhGegBi-cUA-01003-00269805-00270128 with its words information provided
+UhGegBi-cUA-01004-00270129-00270332 through public diplomacy during a
+UhGegBi-cUA-01005-00270333-00270560 counterinsurgency cannot lie the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01006-00270561-00270779 information and communication to the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01007-00270780-00271014 people always has to be truthful and
+UhGegBi-cUA-01008-00271015-00271239 trustworthy in order to be effective at
+UhGegBi-cUA-01009-00271240-00271512 countering the insurgents public
+UhGegBi-cUA-01010-00271513-00271757 diplomacy in counterinsurgency to
+UhGegBi-cUA-01011-00271758-00271974 influence the public thoughts and ideas
+UhGegBi-cUA-01012-00271975-00272225 as a longtime engagement and should not
+UhGegBi-cUA-01013-00272226-00272402 be done through negative campaigning
+UhGegBi-cUA-01014-00272403-00272729 about the enemy conducting public
+UhGegBi-cUA-01015-00272730-00272909 diplomacy through relaying information
+UhGegBi-cUA-01016-00272910-00273185 and communicating with the public in a
+UhGegBi-cUA-01017-00273186-00273441 counterinsurgency as most successful
+UhGegBi-cUA-01018-00273442-00273653 when a conversation can happen between
+UhGegBi-cUA-01019-00273654-00273918 the counterinsurgency team and the local
+UhGegBi-cUA-01020-00273919-00274190 population of the area of operation
+UhGegBi-cUA-01021-00274191-00274419 building rapport with the public
+UhGegBi-cUA-01022-00274420-00274549 involves bliss
+UhGegBi-cUA-01023-00274550-00274771 singing paying attention and being
+UhGegBi-cUA-01024-00274772-00275086 responsive and proactive which is
+UhGegBi-cUA-01025-00275087-00275311 sufficient for the local population to
+UhGegBi-cUA-01026-00275312-00275481 understand and trust the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01027-00275482-00275727 counterinsurgency efforts and vice versa
+UhGegBi-cUA-01028-00275728-00276049 this relationship as stringent upon the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01029-00276050-00276211 counter insurgents keeping their
+UhGegBi-cUA-01030-00276212-00276451 promises providing security to the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01031-00276452-00276670 locals and communicating their message
+UhGegBi-cUA-01032-00276671-00277029 directly and quickly in times of need
+UhGegBi-cUA-01033-00277030-00277243 understanding and influencing the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01034-00277244-00277420 cognitive dimension of the local
+UhGegBi-cUA-01035-00277421-00277650 population as essential to winning
+UhGegBi-cUA-01036-00277651-00277954 counterinsurgency warfare the people's
+UhGegBi-cUA-01037-00277955-00278188 perception of legitimacy about the host
+UhGegBi-cUA-01038-00278189-00278373 nation and the foreign country's
+UhGegBi-cUA-01039-00278374-00278575 counterinsurgency efforts as we're
+UhGegBi-cUA-01040-00278576-00278839 successes determined the free flow of
+UhGegBi-cUA-01041-00278840-00279151 information present in all theatres via
+UhGegBi-cUA-01042-00279152-00279469 television telephone and Internet can
+UhGegBi-cUA-01043-00279470-00279748 present conflicting messages and quickly
+UhGegBi-cUA-01044-00279749-00280156 defeat the intended effects coordination
+UhGegBi-cUA-01045-00280157-00280399 between the counterinsurgency operations
+UhGegBi-cUA-01046-00280400-00280663 the host nation and the local media in
+UhGegBi-cUA-01047-00280664-00280900 information presented to the public is
+UhGegBi-cUA-01048-00280901-00281143 essential to showing and influencing how
+UhGegBi-cUA-01049-00281144-00281367 the local population perceives the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01050-00281368-00281563 counterinsurgency efforts and the host
+UhGegBi-cUA-01051-00281564-00281935 nation public opinion the media and
+UhGegBi-cUA-01052-00281936-00282195 rumors influence how the people view
+UhGegBi-cUA-01053-00282196-00282430 counterinsurgency the government hosting
+UhGegBi-cUA-01054-00282431-00282604 their efforts and the host nation
+UhGegBi-cUA-01055-00282605-00282898 legitimacy the use of public diplomacy
+UhGegBi-cUA-01056-00282899-00283159 to strategically relay the correct
+UhGegBi-cUA-01057-00283160-00283396 messages and information to the public
+UhGegBi-cUA-01058-00283397-00283591 is essential to success in a
+UhGegBi-cUA-01059-00283592-00283897 counterinsurgency operation for example
+UhGegBi-cUA-01060-00283898-00284197 close relationships with media members
+UhGegBi-cUA-01061-00284198-00284440 in the area is essential to ensure that
+UhGegBi-cUA-01062-00284441-00284593 the locals understand the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01063-00284594-00284827 counterinsurgency objectives and feel
+UhGegBi-cUA-01064-00284828-00285043 secure with the host nation government
+UhGegBi-cUA-01065-00285044-00285367 and the counterinsurgency efforts if the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01066-00285368-00285583 local media is not in sync with the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01067-00285584-00285832 counterinsurgency operatives then they
+UhGegBi-cUA-01068-00285833-00286027 could spread incomplete or false
+UhGegBi-cUA-01069-00286028-00286224 information about the counterinsurgency
+UhGegBi-cUA-01070-00286225-00286507 campaign to the public
+UhGegBi-cUA-01071-00286508-00286846 given al-qaeda's global reach the United
+UhGegBi-cUA-01072-00286847-00287110 States must develop a more integrated
+UhGegBi-cUA-01073-00287111-00287424 strategic communication strategy for
+UhGegBi-cUA-01074-00287425-00287629 counterinsurgency with its allies to
+UhGegBi-cUA-01075-00287630-00287914 diminish violent rhetoric improve its
+UhGegBi-cUA-01076-00287915-00288244 image abroad and detect deter and defeat
+UhGegBi-cUA-01077-00288245-00288600 this social movement at its many levels
+UhGegBi-cUA-01078-00288601-00288871 information operations and communicative
+UhGegBi-cUA-01079-00288872-00289114 abilities are one of the largest and
+UhGegBi-cUA-01080-00289115-00289321 most influenced aspects of public
+UhGegBi-cUA-01081-00289322-00289629 diplomacy with in a counter insurgency
+UhGegBi-cUA-01082-00289630-00289963 public diplomacy as especially important
+UhGegBi-cUA-01083-00289964-00290179 as modern insurgents are more easily
+UhGegBi-cUA-01084-00290180-00290377 able to gain support through a variety
+UhGegBi-cUA-01085-00290378-00290652 of sources both local and transnational
+UhGegBi-cUA-01086-00290653-00290905 thanks to advances in increased
+UhGegBi-cUA-01087-00290906-00291183 communication and globalization
+UhGegBi-cUA-01088-00291184-00291481 consequently modern counterinsurgency
+UhGegBi-cUA-01089-00291482-00291721 requires attention to be focused on an
+UhGegBi-cUA-01090-00291722-00291979 insurgencies ecosystem from the national
+UhGegBi-cUA-01091-00291980-00292213 to the local level in order to deprive
+UhGegBi-cUA-01092-00292214-00292453 the insurgency of support and prevent
+UhGegBi-cUA-01093-00292454-00292827 future insurgent groups from forming
+UhGegBi-cUA-01094-00292828-00293209 you
+UhGegBi-cUA-01095-00293210-00293905 topic-specific doctrines
+UhGegBi-cUA-01096-00293906-00294149 you
+UhGegBi-cUA-01097-00294150-00294707 topic Vietnam War
+UhGegBi-cUA-01098-00294708-00295028 during the Vietnam War counterinsurgency
+UhGegBi-cUA-01099-00295029-00295274 initially formed part of the earlier war
+UhGegBi-cUA-01100-00295275-00295484 as diem had implemented the poorly
+UhGegBi-cUA-01101-00295485-00295745 conceived strategic hamlet program a
+UhGegBi-cUA-01102-00295746-00295928 similar model to the Malayan emergency
+UhGegBi-cUA-01103-00295929-00296191 whom had opposite effects
+UhGegBi-cUA-01104-00296192-00296456 similarly economic and rural development
+UhGegBi-cUA-01105-00296457-00296750 formed a key strategy as part of rural
+UhGegBi-cUA-01106-00296751-00297044 affairs development while the earlier
+UhGegBi-cUA-01107-00297045-00297266 war was marked by considerable emphasis
+UhGegBi-cUA-01108-00297267-00297614 on counterinsurgency programs US forces
+UhGegBi-cUA-01109-00297615-00297881 initially relied on very little if any
+UhGegBi-cUA-01110-00297882-00298019 theoretical doctrine of
+UhGegBi-cUA-01111-00298020-00298229 counterinsurgency during the ground
+UhGegBi-cUA-01112-00298230-00298541 intervention phase conventional warfare
+UhGegBi-cUA-01113-00298542-00298835 using massive firepower and failure to
+UhGegBi-cUA-01114-00298836-00299123 implement adequate counterinsurgency had
+UhGegBi-cUA-01115-00299124-00299348 extremely negative effects and was the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01116-00299349-00299603 strategy whom the NVA were adept at
+UhGegBi-cUA-01117-00299604-00299768 countering through the protracted
+UhGegBi-cUA-01118-00299769-00300013 political and military warfare model
+UhGegBi-cUA-01119-00300014-00300296 these are in part reasons for the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01120-00300297-00300587 outright failure of US strategic policy
+UhGegBi-cUA-01121-00300588-00300884 in the war following the replacement of
+UhGegBi-cUA-01122-00300885-00301097 general william Westmoreland newer
+UhGegBi-cUA-01123-00301098-00301361 concepts were tried including a revival
+UhGegBi-cUA-01124-00301362-00301598 of earlier coined strategies including
+UhGegBi-cUA-01125-00301599-00301829 civil operations and revolutionary
+UhGegBi-cUA-01126-00301830-00302126 development support this was alongside
+UhGegBi-cUA-01127-00302127-00302378 the brutal and oftentimes badly
+UhGegBi-cUA-01128-00302379-00302591 implemented civilian assassination
+UhGegBi-cUA-01129-00302592-00302825 program Phoenix program targeting
+UhGegBi-cUA-01130-00302826-00303119 Vietcong civilian personnel these
+UhGegBi-cUA-01131-00303120-00303353 reasons were contributing factors to the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01132-00303354-00303602 u.s. failure as it had become too late
+UhGegBi-cUA-01133-00303603-00303902 by then
+UhGegBi-cUA-01134-00303903-00304156 you
+UhGegBi-cUA-01135-00304157-00304719 topic British Empire
+UhGegBi-cUA-01136-00304720-00305036 you
+UhGegBi-cUA-01137-00305037-00305505 topic Malaya
+UhGegBi-cUA-01138-00305506-00305784 British forces were able to employ the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01139-00305785-00305997 relocation method with considerable
+UhGegBi-cUA-01140-00305998-00306387 success during the Malayan emergency the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01141-00306388-00306717 Briggs plan implemented fully in 1950
+UhGegBi-cUA-01142-00306718-00306951 relocated Chinese Malay ins into
+UhGegBi-cUA-01143-00306952-00307332 protected new villages designated by
+UhGegBi-cUA-01144-00307333-00307733 British forces by the end of 1951 some
+UhGegBi-cUA-01145-00307734-00308013 400,000 ethnic Chinese had moved into
+UhGegBi-cUA-01146-00308014-00308319 the fortifications of this population
+UhGegBi-cUA-01147-00308320-00308595 the British forces were able to form a
+UhGegBi-cUA-01148-00308596-00308952 home guard armed for resistance against
+UhGegBi-cUA-01149-00308953-00309143 the Malayan Communist Party an
+UhGegBi-cUA-01150-00309144-00309351 implementation mirrored by the strategic
+UhGegBi-cUA-01151-00309352-00309684 Hamlet programme later used by US forces
+UhGegBi-cUA-01152-00309685-00309854 in South Vietnam
+UhGegBi-cUA-01153-00309855-00310140 despite British claims of a victory in
+UhGegBi-cUA-01154-00310141-00310422 the Malayan emergency military historian
+UhGegBi-cUA-01155-00310423-00310647 Martin van crevel denoted that the end
+UhGegBi-cUA-01156-00310648-00310911 result of the counter insurgency namely
+UhGegBi-cUA-01157-00310912-00311127 the withdrawal of British forces and
+UhGegBi-cUA-01158-00311128-00311331 establishment of an independent state
+UhGegBi-cUA-01159-00311332-00311598 are identical to that of Aden Kenya and
+UhGegBi-cUA-01160-00311599-00311790 Cyprus which are not considered
+UhGegBi-cUA-01161-00311791-00312019 victories
+UhGegBi-cUA-01162-00312020-00312359 you
+UhGegBi-cUA-01163-00312360-00312900 topic Dutch Empire
+UhGegBi-cUA-01164-00312901-00313205 the Dutch formulated a new strategy of
+UhGegBi-cUA-01165-00313206-00313428 counterinsurgency warfare during the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01166-00313429-00313650 akshay war by deploying light armed
+UhGegBi-cUA-01167-00313651-00313890 Marichal SI units and using scorched
+UhGegBi-cUA-01168-00313891-00314081 earth tactics
+UhGegBi-cUA-01169-00314082-00314444 in 1898 van hoy was proclaimed governor
+UhGegBi-cUA-01170-00314445-00314684 of ah Cheh and with his lieutenant later
+UhGegBi-cUA-01171-00314685-00314915 dutch Prime Minister Hendrik as Colleen
+UhGegBi-cUA-01172-00314916-00315251 would finally conquer most of OJ they
+UhGegBi-cUA-01173-00315252-00315449 followed her Grande's suggestions
+UhGegBi-cUA-01174-00315450-00315695 finding cooperative EULA belong or
+UhGegBi-cUA-01175-00315696-00315911 secular Chiefs that would support them
+UhGegBi-cUA-01176-00315912-00316121 in the countryside and isolating the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01177-00316122-00316396 resistance from their rural support base
+UhGegBi-cUA-01178-00316397-00316688 during the South Sulawesi campaign
+UhGegBi-cUA-01179-00316689-00316952 captain Raymond Westerling of the KST
+UhGegBi-cUA-01180-00316953-00317204 special forces of the royal netherlands
+UhGegBi-cUA-01181-00317205-00317435 east indies army used the Westerling
+UhGegBi-cUA-01182-00317436-00317687 method Westerling ordered the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01183-00317688-00317948 registration of all Javanese arriving in
+UhGegBi-cUA-01184-00317949-00318155 Makassar due to the large numbers of
+UhGegBi-cUA-01185-00318156-00318419 Javanese participating in the Sulawesi
+UhGegBi-cUA-01186-00318420-00318752 resistance he also used Scouts to
+UhGegBi-cUA-01187-00318753-00318965 infiltrate local villages and to
+UhGegBi-cUA-01188-00318966-00319211 identify members of the resistance based
+UhGegBi-cUA-01189-00319212-00319400 on their information and that of the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01190-00319401-00319634 Dutch military intelligence service the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01191-00319635-00319910 DST surrounded one of more suspected
+UhGegBi-cUA-01192-00319911-00320138 villages during night after which they
+UhGegBi-cUA-01193-00320139-00320339 drove the population to a central
+UhGegBi-cUA-01194-00320340-00320696 location at daybreak the operation began
+UhGegBi-cUA-01195-00320697-00321002 often led by Westerling men would be
+UhGegBi-cUA-01196-00321003-00321266 separated from women and children from
+UhGegBi-cUA-01197-00321267-00321482 the gathered information Westerling
+UhGegBi-cUA-01198-00321483-00321743 exposed certain people as terrorists and
+UhGegBi-cUA-01199-00321744-00322007 murderers they were shot without any
+UhGegBi-cUA-01200-00322008-00322147 further investigation
+UhGegBi-cUA-01201-00322148-00322415 afterwards Westerling forced local
+UhGegBi-cUA-01202-00322416-00322640 communities to refrain from supporting
+UhGegBi-cUA-01203-00322641-00322874 guerrillas by swearing on the Quran and
+UhGegBi-cUA-01204-00322875-00323090 established local self-defense units
+UhGegBi-cUA-01205-00323091-00323327 with some members recruited from former
+UhGegBi-cUA-01206-00323328-00323687 guerrillas deemed as redeemable
+UhGegBi-cUA-01207-00323688-00323956 Westerling directed 11 operations
+UhGegBi-cUA-01208-00323957-00324229 throughout the campaign he succeeded in
+UhGegBi-cUA-01209-00324230-00324413 eliminating the insurgency and
+UhGegBi-cUA-01210-00324414-00324631 undermining local support for the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01211-00324632-00324965 Republicans his actions restored Dutch
+UhGegBi-cUA-01212-00324966-00325166 rule in southern Sulawesi
+UhGegBi-cUA-01213-00325167-00325402 however the Netherlands East Indies
+UhGegBi-cUA-01214-00325403-00325633 government and the Dutch army command
+UhGegBi-cUA-01215-00325634-00325882 soon realized that westerlyns notoriety
+UhGegBi-cUA-01216-00325883-00326283 led to growing public criticism in April
+UhGegBi-cUA-01217-00326284-00326596 1947 the Dutch government instituted an
+UhGegBi-cUA-01218-00326597-00326795 official inquiry of his controversial
+UhGegBi-cUA-01219-00326796-00327127 methods raymond Westerling was put on
+UhGegBi-cUA-01220-00327128-00327368 the sidelines he was relieved of his
+UhGegBi-cUA-01221-00327369-00327759 duties in November 1948
+UhGegBi-cUA-01222-00327760-00328105 you
+UhGegBi-cUA-01223-00328106-00328421 topic France
+UhGegBi-cUA-01224-00328422-00328613 you
+UhGegBi-cUA-01225-00328614-00328909 France had major counterinsurgency wars
+UhGegBi-cUA-01226-00328910-00329272 in its colonies in Indochina and Algeria
+UhGegBi-cUA-01227-00329273-00329537 McClintock cited the basic points of
+UhGegBi-cUA-01228-00329538-00329851 French doctrine as quadrilogy an
+UhGegBi-cUA-01229-00329852-00330089 administrative grid of population and
+UhGegBi-cUA-01230-00330090-00330622 territory ravaged cordoning and raking
+UhGegBi-cUA-01231-00330623-00330898 regroup meant relocating and closely
+UhGegBi-cUA-01232-00330899-00331324 controlling a suspect population - Tweel
+UhGegBi-cUA-01233-00331325-00331729 the oil spot strategy recruitment of
+UhGegBi-cUA-01234-00331730-00332097 local leaders and forces paramilitary
+UhGegBi-cUA-01235-00332098-00332339 organization and militia as much of the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01236-00332340-00332546 thinking was informed by the work of
+UhGegBi-cUA-01237-00332547-00332776 earlier leading French theoreticians of
+UhGegBi-cUA-01238-00332777-00333033 colonial warfare and counterinsurgency
+UhGegBi-cUA-01239-00333034-00333397 marshals Bugo golini and lai UT while
+UhGegBi-cUA-01240-00333398-00333716 McClintock cites the 1894 Algerian
+UhGegBi-cUA-01241-00333717-00334024 Governor Jules Cambon as saying by
+UhGegBi-cUA-01242-00334025-00334271 destroying the administration and local
+UhGegBi-cUA-01243-00334272-00334370 government
+UhGegBi-cUA-01244-00334371-00334600 we were also suppressing our means of
+UhGegBi-cUA-01245-00334601-00334812 action
+UhGegBi-cUA-01246-00334813-00335036 the result is that we are today
+UhGegBi-cUA-01247-00335037-00335340 confronted by a sort of human dust on
+UhGegBi-cUA-01248-00335341-00335586 which we have no influence and in which
+UhGegBi-cUA-01249-00335587-00335838 movements take place which are unknown
+UhGegBi-cUA-01250-00335839-00336288 to us kanbans philosophy however did not
+UhGegBi-cUA-01251-00336289-00336546 seem to survive into the Algerian war of
+UhGegBi-cUA-01252-00336547-00337150 independence 1954 to 1962
+UhGegBi-cUA-01253-00337151-00337379 you
+UhGegBi-cUA-01254-00337380-00337881 topic Indochina
+UhGegBi-cUA-01255-00337882-00338155 post-world war ii doctrine as in
+UhGegBi-cUA-01256-00338156-00338404 indochina took a more drastic view of
+UhGegBi-cUA-01257-00338405-00338748 guerre revolution air which presented an
+UhGegBi-cUA-01258-00338749-00338986 ideological and global war with a
+UhGegBi-cUA-01259-00338987-00339301 commitment to total war countermeasures
+UhGegBi-cUA-01260-00339302-00339577 in principle needed to be both political
+UhGegBi-cUA-01261-00339578-00339895 and military no measure was too drastic
+UhGegBi-cUA-01262-00339896-00340158 to meet the new threat of revolution
+UhGegBi-cUA-01263-00340159-00340456 French forces taking control from the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01264-00340457-00340693 Japanese did not seem to negotiate
+UhGegBi-cUA-01265-00340694-00340954 seriously with nationalist elements in
+UhGegBi-cUA-01266-00340955-00341173 what was to become Vietnam and reaped
+UhGegBi-cUA-01267-00341174-00341413 the consequences of overconfidence at
+UhGegBi-cUA-01268-00341414-00341641 Dien Bien Phu it occurred to various
+UhGegBi-cUA-01269-00341642-00341848 commanders that soldiers trained to
+UhGegBi-cUA-01270-00341849-00342028 operate as guerrillas would have a
+UhGegBi-cUA-01271-00342029-00342273 strong sense of how to fight guerrillas
+UhGegBi-cUA-01272-00342274-00342529 before the partition of French Indochina
+UhGegBi-cUA-01273-00342530-00342838 French group meant de commandos mixed se
+UhGegBi-cUA-01274-00342839-00343207 airport A's GCM a led by Roger trickier
+UhGegBi-cUA-01275-00343208-00343438 took on this role drawing on French
+UhGegBi-cUA-01276-00343439-00343834 experience with the Jedburgh teams G CMA
+UhGegBi-cUA-01277-00343835-00344083 operating in Tonkin and Laos under
+UhGegBi-cUA-01278-00344084-00344305 French intelligence was complemented by
+UhGegBi-cUA-01279-00344306-00344650 commandos Nord Vietnam in the north in
+UhGegBi-cUA-01280-00344651-00344950 these missions the SOF teams lived and
+UhGegBi-cUA-01281-00344951-00345277 fought with the locals one Laotian who
+UhGegBi-cUA-01282-00345278-00345559 became an officer was vang Pao who was
+UhGegBi-cUA-01283-00345560-00345774 to become a general in Hmong and Laotian
+UhGegBi-cUA-01284-00345775-00346051 operations in Southeast Asia while the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01285-00346052-00346401 US forces increased their role
+UhGegBi-cUA-01286-00346402-00346717 you
+UhGegBi-cUA-01287-00346718-00347207 topic Algeria
+UhGegBi-cUA-01288-00347208-00347507 the French counterinsurgency in colonial
+UhGegBi-cUA-01289-00347508-00347930 Algeria was a savage one the 1957 Battle
+UhGegBi-cUA-01290-00347931-00348272 of Algiers resulted in 24,000 detentions
+UhGegBi-cUA-01291-00348273-00348506 with most tortured and an estimated
+UhGegBi-cUA-01292-00348507-00348824 3,000 killed it may have broken the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01293-00348825-00349073 National Liberation Front infrastructure
+UhGegBi-cUA-01294-00349074-00349328 in Algiers but it also killed off French
+UhGegBi-cUA-01295-00349329-00349662 legitimacy as far as hearts and minds
+UhGegBi-cUA-01296-00349663-00349967 went counterinsurgency requires an
+UhGegBi-cUA-01297-00349968-00350159 extremely capable intelligence
+UhGegBi-cUA-01298-00350160-00350357 infrastructure endowed with human
+UhGegBi-cUA-01299-00350358-00350675 sources and deep cultural knowledge this
+UhGegBi-cUA-01300-00350676-00350852 contributes to the difficulty that
+UhGegBi-cUA-01301-00350853-00351158 foreign as opposed to indigenous powers
+UhGegBi-cUA-01302-00351159-00351437 have encountered insurgent operations
+UhGegBi-cUA-01303-00351438-00351707 one of France's most influential
+UhGegBi-cUA-01304-00351708-00352025 theorists was Roger trickier the modern
+UhGegBi-cUA-01305-00352026-00352225 warfare counterinsurgency strategy
+UhGegBi-cUA-01306-00352226-00352493 described by trickier who had led
+UhGegBi-cUA-01307-00352494-00352727 anti-communist guerrillas in Indochina
+UhGegBi-cUA-01308-00352728-00352994 was a strong influence on French efforts
+UhGegBi-cUA-01309-00352995-00353357 in Algeria trickier suggested three
+UhGegBi-cUA-01310-00353358-00353702 principles separate the guerrilla from
+UhGegBi-cUA-01311-00353703-00354074 the population that supports him occupy
+UhGegBi-cUA-01312-00354075-00354312 the zones that the guerrillas previously
+UhGegBi-cUA-01313-00354313-00354572 operated from making the area dangerous
+UhGegBi-cUA-01314-00354573-00354752 for the insurgents and turning the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01315-00354753-00355054 people against the guerilla movement and
+UhGegBi-cUA-01316-00355055-00355365 coordinate actions over a wide area and
+UhGegBi-cUA-01317-00355366-00355553 for a long enough time that the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01318-00355554-00355764 guerrilla is denied access to the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01319-00355765-00355976 population centers that could support
+UhGegBi-cUA-01320-00355977-00356225 him drink wires view was that torture
+UhGegBi-cUA-01321-00356226-00356471 had to be extremely focused and limited
+UhGegBi-cUA-01322-00356472-00356715 but many French officers considered its
+UhGegBi-cUA-01323-00356716-00357029 use corrosive to its own side there were
+UhGegBi-cUA-01324-00357030-00357302 strong protests among French leaders the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01325-00357303-00357554 Army's most decorated officer general
+UhGegBi-cUA-01326-00357555-00357821 Jacques Paris de Ballard year confronted
+UhGegBi-cUA-01327-00357822-00358046 general Jacques masu the commander of
+UhGegBi-cUA-01328-00358047-00358253 French forces in the Battle of Algiers
+UhGegBi-cUA-01329-00358254-00358580 over orders institutionalizing torture
+UhGegBi-cUA-01330-00358581-00358949 as an unleashing of deplorable instincts
+UhGegBi-cUA-01331-00358950-00359262 which no longer knew any limits he
+UhGegBi-cUA-01332-00359263-00359463 issued an open letter condemning the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01333-00359464-00359666 danger to the army of the loss of its
+UhGegBi-cUA-01334-00359667-00359921 moral values under the fallacious
+UhGegBi-cUA-01335-00359922-00360284 pretext of immediate expediency and was
+UhGegBi-cUA-01336-00360285-00360527 imprisoned for sixty days as some of the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01337-00360528-00360594 French are
+UhGegBi-cUA-01338-00360595-00360833 protested other parts increased the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01339-00360834-00361050 intensity of their approach which led to
+UhGegBi-cUA-01340-00361051-00361290 an attempted military coup against the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01341-00361291-00361505 French Fourth Republic itself
+UhGegBi-cUA-01342-00361506-00361929 masu and general raoul salan led in 1958
+UhGegBi-cUA-01343-00361930-00362241 coup in algiers demanding a new republic
+UhGegBi-cUA-01344-00362242-00362523 under charles de gaulle when de gaulle's
+UhGegBi-cUA-01345-00362524-00362892 policies toward algeria such as a 1961
+UhGegBi-cUA-01346-00362893-00363074 referendum on Algerian
+UhGegBi-cUA-01347-00363075-00363297 self-determination did not meet the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01348-00363298-00363533 expectations of the colonial officers
+UhGegBi-cUA-01349-00363534-00363734 Salle informed the underground
+UhGegBi-cUA-01350-00363735-00363983 organization our may secrete owes a
+UhGegBi-cUA-01351-00363984-00364230 right-wing terrorist group whose actions
+UhGegBi-cUA-01352-00364231-00364572 included a 1962 assassination attempt
+UhGegBi-cUA-01353-00364573-00365186 against de Gaulle himself
+UhGegBi-cUA-01354-00365187-00365867 topic West Africa France has had taken
+UhGegBi-cUA-01355-00365868-00366134 Barnett's Leviathan role in Chad and
+UhGegBi-cUA-01356-00366135-00366362 Ivory Coast the latter on two occasions
+UhGegBi-cUA-01357-00366363-00366854 most significantly in 2002-2003 the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01358-00366855-00367127 situation with France and Ivory Coast is
+UhGegBi-cUA-01359-00367128-00367391 not a classic fid situation as France
+UhGegBi-cUA-01360-00367392-00367610 attacked Ivorian forces that had
+UhGegBi-cUA-01361-00367611-00367871 provoked UN peacekeepers
+UhGegBi-cUA-01362-00367872-00368072 another noteworthy instance of
+UhGegBi-cUA-01363-00368073-00368354 counterinsurgency in West Africa as the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01364-00368355-00368612 Nigerian military experienced against
+UhGegBi-cUA-01365-00368613-00368883 Boko Haram militants Lamas --tz--
+UhGegBi-cUA-01366-00368884-00369157 military operations against the group
+UhGegBi-cUA-01367-00369158-00369406 occur predominantly in the far northeast
+UhGegBi-cUA-01368-00369407-00369770 areas of Nigeria these operations have
+UhGegBi-cUA-01369-00369771-00370040 been ongoing since June 2011 and have
+UhGegBi-cUA-01370-00370041-00370247 greatly expanded within the lake Chad
+UhGegBi-cUA-01371-00370248-00370639 basin sub region of West Africa
+UhGegBi-cUA-01372-00370640-00370978 you
+UhGegBi-cUA-01373-00370979-00371463 topic India
+UhGegBi-cUA-01374-00371464-00371688 there have been many insurgencies in
+UhGegBi-cUA-01375-00371689-00372152 India since its independence in 1947 the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01376-00372153-00372492 Kashmir insurgency which started by 1989
+UhGegBi-cUA-01377-00372493-00372744 was brought under control by Indian
+UhGegBi-cUA-01378-00372745-00372974 government and violence has been reduced
+UhGegBi-cUA-01379-00372975-00373296 a branch of the Indian Army known as the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01380-00373297-00373601 Rashtriya Rifles RR was created for the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01381-00373602-00373767 sole purpose of destroying the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01382-00373768-00374024 insurgency in Kashmir and it has played
+UhGegBi-cUA-01383-00374025-00374418 a major role in doing so the RR was well
+UhGegBi-cUA-01384-00374419-00374592 supported by Central Reserve Police
+UhGegBi-cUA-01385-00374593-00375056 Force CRPF Border Security Force BSF
+UhGegBi-cUA-01386-00375057-00375401 indo-tibetan border police ITBP and
+UhGegBi-cUA-01387-00375402-00375709 state government police the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01388-00375710-00375905 counterinsurgency and jungle warfare
+UhGegBi-cUA-01389-00375906-00376290 school CI jws is located in the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01390-00376291-00376499 northeastern town of I ranked in the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01391-00376500-00376815 Indian state of misery personnel from
+UhGegBi-cUA-01392-00376816-00377064 countries such as the United States the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01393-00377065-00377404 United Kingdom France Russia Kazakhstan
+UhGegBi-cUA-01394-00377405-00377684 Tajikistan and Vietnam have attended
+UhGegBi-cUA-01395-00377685-00377999 this school high quality graduate level
+UhGegBi-cUA-01396-00378000-00378195 training by a joint staff of highly
+UhGegBi-cUA-01397-00378196-00378479 trained special operators at Camp [__]
+UhGegBi-cUA-01398-00378480-00378618 Phoenix Academy and the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01399-00378619-00378809 counterinsurgency center for excellence
+UhGegBi-cUA-01400-00378810-00379085 as provided in India as well as many
+UhGegBi-cUA-01401-00379086-00379359 Indian officers
+UhGegBi-cUA-01402-00379360-00379704 you
+UhGegBi-cUA-01403-00379705-00380212 topic Portugal
+UhGegBi-cUA-01404-00380213-00380414 Portugal's experience in
+UhGegBi-cUA-01405-00380415-00380645 counterinsurgency resulted from the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01406-00380646-00381020 pacification campaigns conducted in the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01407-00381021-00381287 Portuguese African and Asian colonies in
+UhGegBi-cUA-01408-00381288-00381494 the end of the 19th century and the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01409-00381495-00381844 beginning of the 20th century in the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01410-00381845-00382265 1960s and early 1970s Portugal conducted
+UhGegBi-cUA-01411-00382266-00382538 large-scale counterinsurgency operations
+UhGegBi-cUA-01412-00382539-00382763 in Angola Portuguese Guinea and
+UhGegBi-cUA-01413-00382764-00382970 Mozambique against independentist
+UhGegBi-cUA-01414-00382971-00383195 guerrillas supported by the Eastern Bloc
+UhGegBi-cUA-01415-00383196-00383417 in China as well by some Western
+UhGegBi-cUA-01416-00383418-00383726 countries although these campaigns are
+UhGegBi-cUA-01417-00383727-00383969 collectively known as the Portuguese
+UhGegBi-cUA-01418-00383970-00384281 colonial war there were in fact three
+UhGegBi-cUA-01419-00384282-00384527 different ones the Angolan independence
+UhGegBi-cUA-01420-00384528-00384722 war the Guinea Bissau war of
+UhGegBi-cUA-01421-00384723-00384959 independence and the Mozambican war of
+UhGegBi-cUA-01422-00384960-00385319 independence the situation was unique in
+UhGegBi-cUA-01423-00385320-00385529 that small Armed Forces those of
+UhGegBi-cUA-01424-00385530-00385765 Portugal were able to conduct three
+UhGegBi-cUA-01425-00385766-00386000 counterinsurgency wars at the same time
+UhGegBi-cUA-01426-00386001-00386165 in three different theatres of
+UhGegBi-cUA-01427-00386166-00386423 operations separated by thousands of
+UhGegBi-cUA-01428-00386424-00386792 kilometres for these operations Portugal
+UhGegBi-cUA-01429-00386793-00387005 developed its own counterinsurgency
+UhGegBi-cUA-01430-00387006-00387179 doctrine
+UhGegBi-cUA-01431-00387180-00387519 you
+UhGegBi-cUA-01432-00387520-00387985 topic Russia and the Soviet Union
+UhGegBi-cUA-01433-00387986-00388160 you
+UhGegBi-cUA-01434-00388161-00388378 the most familiar Russian
+UhGegBi-cUA-01435-00388379-00388562 counterinsurgency as the war in
+UhGegBi-cUA-01436-00388563-00389060 Afghanistan from 1979 to 1989 however
+UhGegBi-cUA-01437-00389061-00389276 throughout the history of Czarist
+UhGegBi-cUA-01438-00389277-00389497 Russian the Russians fought many
+UhGegBi-cUA-01439-00389498-00389738 counterinsurgencies as new Caucasian and
+UhGegBi-cUA-01440-00389739-00390086 Central Asian territory were occupied it
+UhGegBi-cUA-01441-00390087-00390314 was in these conflicts that the Russians
+UhGegBi-cUA-01442-00390315-00390451 developed the following
+UhGegBi-cUA-01443-00390452-00390767 counterinsurgency tactics deploy a
+UhGegBi-cUA-01444-00390768-00391136 significant number of troops isolate the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01445-00391137-00391511 area from outside assistance establish
+UhGegBi-cUA-01446-00391512-00391825 tight control of major cities and towns
+UhGegBi-cUA-01447-00391826-00392099 build lines of forts to restrict
+UhGegBi-cUA-01448-00392100-00392435 insurgent movement destroy the springs
+UhGegBi-cUA-01449-00392436-00392639 of resistance through destruction of
+UhGegBi-cUA-01450-00392640-00392945 settlements livestock crops etc these
+UhGegBi-cUA-01451-00392946-00393218 tactics generally speaking were carried
+UhGegBi-cUA-01452-00393219-00393539 over into Soviet use following the 1917
+UhGegBi-cUA-01453-00393540-00393788 revolution for the most part say for the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01454-00393789-00393986 integration of political military
+UhGegBi-cUA-01455-00393987-00394355 command this tactical blueprints I use
+UhGegBi-cUA-01456-00394356-00394553 following the first and second world
+UhGegBi-cUA-01457-00394554-00394838 wars in Dagestan the Caucasus Central
+UhGegBi-cUA-01458-00394839-00395303 Asia Siberia Lithuania and Ukraine this
+UhGegBi-cUA-01459-00395304-00395516 doctrine was ultimately shown to be
+UhGegBi-cUA-01460-00395517-00395693 inadequate in the Soviet war in
+UhGegBi-cUA-01461-00395694-00395996 Afghanistan mostly due to insufficient
+UhGegBi-cUA-01462-00395997-00396197 troop commitment and in the wars in
+UhGegBi-cUA-01463-00396198-00396414 Chechnya
+UhGegBi-cUA-01464-00396415-00396754 you
+UhGegBi-cUA-01465-00396755-00397320 topic United States
+UhGegBi-cUA-01466-00397321-00397568 the United States has conducted
+UhGegBi-cUA-01467-00397569-00397800 counterinsurgency campaigns during the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01468-00397801-00398067 philippine-american war the Vietnam War
+UhGegBi-cUA-01469-00398068-00398427 the post 200 won war in Afghanistan and
+UhGegBi-cUA-01470-00398428-00398735 the Iraq war the wars in Iraq and
+UhGegBi-cUA-01471-00398736-00398984 Afghanistan have resulted in increased
+UhGegBi-cUA-01472-00398985-00399246 interest in counterinsurgency within the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01473-00399247-00399512 American military exemplified by the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01474-00399513-00399819 2006 publication of a new joint Army
+UhGegBi-cUA-01475-00399820-00400157 Field Manual 3 to 24 marine corps war
+UhGegBi-cUA-01476-00400158-00400555 fighting publication no.32 33.5
+UhGegBi-cUA-01477-00400556-00400770 counterinsurgency which replaced the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01478-00400771-00400985 documents separately published by the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01479-00400986-00401279 Army and Marine Corps 20 to 25 years
+UhGegBi-cUA-01480-00401280-00401616 prior views of the doctrine contained in
+UhGegBi-cUA-01481-00401617-00401930 the manual has been mixed the 2014
+UhGegBi-cUA-01482-00401931-00402533 version of fm3 - 24 MCW p32 33.5
+UhGegBi-cUA-01483-00402534-00402830 acquired a new title insurgencies and
+UhGegBi-cUA-01484-00402831-00403071 countering insurgencies it consists of
+UhGegBi-cUA-01485-00403072-00403314 three main parts part 1 provides
+UhGegBi-cUA-01486-00403315-00403629 strategic and operational context part 2
+UhGegBi-cUA-01487-00403630-00403872 provides the doctrine for understanding
+UhGegBi-cUA-01488-00403873-00404115 insurgencies and part 3 provides
+UhGegBi-cUA-01489-00404116-00404439 doctrine for defeating and insurgency in
+UhGegBi-cUA-01490-00404440-00405083 short fm3 224 m CW p3 - 33.5 as
+UhGegBi-cUA-01491-00405084-00405315 organized to provide the context of a
+UhGegBi-cUA-01492-00405316-00405533 problem the problem and possible
+UhGegBi-cUA-01493-00405534-00405900 solutions in the recent conflicts the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01494-00405901-00406229 101st Airborne Division Air Assault has
+UhGegBi-cUA-01495-00406230-00406454 been increasingly involved conducting
+UhGegBi-cUA-01496-00406455-00406677 special operations especially the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01497-00406678-00406887 training and development of other states
+UhGegBi-cUA-01498-00406888-00407231 military and security forces this is
+UhGegBi-cUA-01499-00407232-00407408 known in the Special Operations
+UhGegBi-cUA-01500-00407409-00407745 community as foreign internal defense it
+UhGegBi-cUA-01501-00407746-00408080 was announced the 14th of January 2016
+UhGegBi-cUA-01502-00408081-00408482 that 1,800 soldiers from the 101 streets
+UhGegBi-cUA-01503-00408483-00408696 headquarters and its second Brigade
+UhGegBi-cUA-01504-00408697-00408990 Combat Team will deploy soon on regular
+UhGegBi-cUA-01505-00408991-00409269 rotations to Baghdad and Erbil to train
+UhGegBi-cUA-01506-00409270-00409535 and advise Iraqi army and Kurdish pesh
+UhGegBi-cUA-01507-00409536-00409766 MERGA forces who are expected in the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01508-00409767-00410018 coming months to move toward Mosul the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01509-00410019-00410222 Islamic state groups de facto
+UhGegBi-cUA-01510-00410223-00410478 headquarters in Iraq the 101st Airborne
+UhGegBi-cUA-01511-00410479-00410700 Division will serve an INT
+UhGegBi-cUA-01512-00410701-00410916 girl role in preparing Iraqi ground
+UhGegBi-cUA-01513-00410917-00411156 troops to expel the Islamic state group
+UhGegBi-cUA-01514-00411157-00411483 from Mosul defense secretary ash Carter
+UhGegBi-cUA-01515-00411484-00411702 told the division soldiers during a
+UhGegBi-cUA-01516-00411703-00411975 January 2016 visit to Fort Campbell
+UhGegBi-cUA-01517-00411976-00412356 Kentucky defense secretary ash Carter
+UhGegBi-cUA-01518-00412357-00412647 told the 101st Airborne Division that
+UhGegBi-cUA-01519-00412647-00412989 the Iraqi and Peshmerga forces you will
+UhGegBi-cUA-01520-00412989-00413277 train advise and assist have proven
+UhGegBi-cUA-01521-00413278-00413564 their determination their resiliency and
+UhGegBi-cUA-01522-00413566-00413859 increasingly their capability but they
+UhGegBi-cUA-01523-00413860-00414045 need you to continue building on that
+UhGegBi-cUA-01524-00414046-00414297 success preparing them for the fight
+UhGegBi-cUA-01525-00414297-00414552 today and the long hard fight for their
+UhGegBi-cUA-01526-00414553-00414914 future they need your skill they need
+UhGegBi-cUA-01527-00414916-00415217 your experience foreign internal defense
+UhGegBi-cUA-01528-00415218-00415493 policymaking has subsequently aided in
+UhGegBi-cUA-01529-00415495-00415758 Iraqi successes in reclaiming Tikrit
+UhGegBi-cUA-01530-00415759-00416106 baiji Ramadi Fallujah and Mosul from the
+UhGegBi-cUA-01531-00416107-00416393 Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
+UhGegBi-cUA-01532-00416393-00416663 recent evaluations of US
+UhGegBi-cUA-01533-00416664-00416855 counterinsurgency efforts in Afghanistan
+UhGegBi-cUA-01534-00416856-00417176 have yielded mixed results a
+UhGegBi-cUA-01535-00417177-00417399 comprehensive study by the Special
+UhGegBi-cUA-01536-00417400-00417542 Inspector General for Afghanistan
+UhGegBi-cUA-01537-00417543-00417912 reconstruction concluded that the u.s.
+UhGegBi-cUA-01538-00417913-00418170 government greatly overestimated its
+UhGegBi-cUA-01539-00418171-00418482 ability to use coin and stabilization
+UhGegBi-cUA-01540-00418483-00418821 tactics for long-term success the report
+UhGegBi-cUA-01541-00418822-00419124 found that successes in stabilizing
+UhGegBi-cUA-01542-00419125-00419447 Afghan districts rarely lasted longer
+UhGegBi-cUA-01543-00419449-00419693 than the physical presence of coalition
+UhGegBi-cUA-01544-00419695-00420072 troops and civilians these findings are
+UhGegBi-cUA-01545-00420072-00420364 corroborated by scholarly studies of US
+UhGegBi-cUA-01546-00420366-00420564 counterinsurgency activities in
+UhGegBi-cUA-01547-00420564-00420789 Afghanistan which determined that
+UhGegBi-cUA-01548-00420789-00421035 backlash is by insurgents and the local
+UhGegBi-cUA-01549-00421035-00421341 population were common
+UhGegBi-cUA-01550-00421342-00421755 equals equals see also
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00000-00000071-00000303 okay great i think we can get
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00001-00000304-00000671 going good evening everyone welcome back
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00002-00000672-00000743 to the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00003-00000744-00001039 forum forum webinar series i'm sari
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00004-00001040-00001111 warden
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00005-00001112-00001295 a senior field director with the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00006-00001296-00001582 national trust for historic preservation
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00007-00001583-00001743 and the project director
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00008-00001744-00002039 of the title basin ideas lab and i'll be
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00009-00002039-00002110 hosting
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00010-00002111-00002431 today's webinar tonight's event is
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00011-00002432-00002534 sponsored by
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00012-00002535-00002783 preservation leadership forum which is
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00013-00002784-00002902 the professional
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00014-00002903-00003191 membership program of the national trust
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00015-00003192-00003415 this webinar series is made possible
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00016-00003415-00003638 by forum members and we thank those of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00017-00003639-00003919 you who have joined us today
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00018-00003920-00004111 today's event is developed in
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00019-00004112-00004311 partnership with our friends at trust
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00020-00004312-00004422 for the national mall
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00021-00004423-00004606 and is the third in a series of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00022-00004607-00004822 conversations about the tidal basin
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00023-00004823-00004935 ideas lab
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00024-00004936-00005191 and the changing nature of public space
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00025-00005192-00005486 and the complexities of its preservation
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00026-00005487-00005759 this session will focus on memorials and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00027-00005760-00005854 controversy
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00028-00005855-00006167 in the context of the title basin before
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00029-00006168-00006238 we begin
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00030-00006239-00006406 i have just a few technical
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00031-00006408-00006550 announcements
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00032-00006551-00006806 we will take questions from the audience
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00033-00006808-00006934 during the webinar
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00034-00006936-00007183 please send those questions directly to
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00035-00007184-00007303 the panelists
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00036-00007304-00007574 via the q and a function and you're
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00037-00007575-00007791 welcome to submit those questions at any
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00038-00007792-00007919 point during the webinar
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00039-00007920-00008103 but we will hold off on answering
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00040-00008104-00008407 audience questions towards the end
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00041-00008408-00008663 and you can also communicate with other
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00042-00008664-00008751 participants
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00043-00008752-00009031 through the chat function following the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00044-00009032-00009223 program we will send out a recording of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00045-00009224-00009414 today's webinar directly to the email
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00046-00009415-00009599 you used to register
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00047-00009600-00009831 and finally all forum webinars are
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00048-00009832-00010046 archived in our forum webinar
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00049-00010047-00010342 library and i'll also note we have the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00050-00010343-00010399 closed
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00051-00010400-00010710 captioning function for this webinar so
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00052-00010711-00011023 if you need that please use it and we
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00053-00011024-00011319 welcome we welcome all of you
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00054-00011320-00011591 now i would like to introduce our
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00055-00011592-00011942 speakers
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00056-00011943-00012199 donald albrecht is an independent
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00057-00012200-00012295 curator
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00058-00012296-00012606 and author his exhibitions and books
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00059-00012607-00012767 have ranged from overviews
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00060-00012768-00013071 of cultural trends to profiles of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00061-00013072-00013191 prominent visual
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00062-00013191-00013479 and performing artists he has worked for
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00063-00013480-00013638 the library of congress
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00064-00013640-00013927 the vitra design museum cooper hewitt
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00065-00013928-00014119 smithsonian design museum
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00066-00014119-00014335 and the museum of the city of new york
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00067-00014336-00014607 among other institutions
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00068-00014608-00014911 thomas mellons has curated exhibitions
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00069-00014912-00015158 on a wide variety of architectural and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00070-00015159-00015319 cultural subjects
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00071-00015319-00015543 from 400 years of residential
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00072-00015544-00015638 architecture
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00073-00015640-00015871 and domestic life in america to the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00074-00015872-00016158 history of the new york public library
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00075-00016159-00016350 additionally he is the co-author of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00076-00016351-00016591 three volumes in an award-winning series
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00077-00016592-00016655 of books
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00078-00016656-00016894 on the architecture and urbanism of new
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00079-00016895-00017047 york city
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00080-00017048-00017255 donald albrecht and tom mellons are
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00081-00017256-00017358 co-curators
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00082-00017359-00017630 of the ideas lab exhibition and they
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00083-00017631-00017694 will give
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00084-00017695-00017999 a brief presentation and then moderate a
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00085-00018000-00018055 panel
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00086-00018056-00018279 of guest speakers and i'll introduce
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00087-00018280-00018407 those guest speakers now
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00088-00018408-00018758 before i turn it over to donald and tom
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00089-00018759-00019007 justin garrett moore is joining us he is
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00090-00019008-00019222 a transdisciplinary designer
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00091-00019223-00019471 and urbanist and is the program officer
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00092-00019472-00019679 for the humanities in place program
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00093-00019680-00019983 at the andrew w mellon foundation
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00094-00019984-00020207 at the foundation his work focuses on
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00095-00020208-00020358 advancing equity
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00096-00020359-00020591 inclusion and social justice through
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00097-00020592-00020791 place based initiatives
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00098-00020792-00021014 built environments cultural heritage
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00099-00021015-00021103 projects
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00100-00021104-00021311 digital and ephemeral programs and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00101-00021312-00021447 commemorative spaces
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00102-00021448-00021750 and landscapes we also have marcel
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00103-00021751-00021911 acosta joining us
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00104-00021912-00022111 he is the executive director of the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00105-00022112-00022327 national planning capital commission
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00106-00022328-00022478 the federal government's central
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00107-00022479-00022630 planning agency
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00108-00022631-00022911 he oversees a team of urban planners
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00109-00022912-00022999 architects
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00110-00023000-00023199 historic preservationists and other
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00111-00023200-00023342 professionals who are committed to
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00112-00023343-00023439 preserving
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00113-00023440-00023639 and enhancing the extraordinary
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00114-00023640-00023958 qualities of the national capital region
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00115-00023959-00024230 also teresa durkin executive vice
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00116-00024231-00024294 president
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00117-00024295-00024463 of the trust for the national mall will
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00118-00024464-00024599 be joining us
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00119-00024600-00024767 the trust for the national mall is the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00120-00024768-00024903 leading non-profit
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00121-00024904-00025175 non-partisan philanthropic partner of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00122-00025176-00025327 the national park service
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00123-00025328-00025583 dedicated to restoring enriching and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00124-00025584-00025750 preserving the national mall
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00125-00025751-00025943 and my partner in crime on the title
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00126-00025944-00026118 basin ideas lab
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00127-00026119-00026367 i'd now like to turn it over to donald
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00128-00026368-00026470 and tom
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00129-00026472-00027518 thank you
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00130-00027519-00027831 as siri mentioned uh tonight's this
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00131-00027832-00027943 evening's webinar
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00132-00027944-00028111 which is part of a series of four
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00133-00028112-00028246 webinars that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00134-00028247-00028590 uh tonight will be focusing on the tidal
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00135-00028591-00028918 basins memorials
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00136-00028919-00029207 all of them were inspired by the online
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00137-00029208-00029270 exhibition
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00138-00029272-00029574 that donald and i uh curated on the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00139-00029575-00029711 tidal basins ideas
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00140-00029712-00030095 lab and in addition to focusing on
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00141-00030095-00030439 the uh proposals that were generated
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00142-00030439-00030823 by that the exhibition looks at the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00143-00030824-00031118 tidal basin's history as well as the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00144-00031119-00031231 challenges
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00145-00031232-00031551 that it faces today and among those
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00146-00031552-00031935 are how to interpret and present
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00147-00031936-00032295 uh the memorials and monuments and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00148-00032295-00032679 how to engage in the controversies that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00149-00032680-00032774 have been
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00150-00032775-00033055 developing around them in a constructive
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00151-00033056-00033127 way
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00152-00033128-00033455 for many people uh the monuments
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00153-00033456-00033759 including the jefferson memorial and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00154-00033760-00034167 more recent memorials to
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00155-00034168-00034351 franklin delano roosevelt and martin
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00156-00034352-00034551 luther king among others
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00157-00034552-00034862 are synonymous with our
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00158-00034863-00035199 national identity and yet they are
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00159-00035200-00035535 very much in flux in terms
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00160-00035536-00035887 of uh what they mean and the issues that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00161-00035888-00035935 they
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00162-00035936-00036271 raise uh and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00163-00036272-00036527 in addition to the controversies their
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00164-00036528-00036655 very existence
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00165-00036656-00037007 is threatened uh by a variety of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00166-00037008-00037215 forces that we'll look at now so if we
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00167-00037216-00037759 can look at the the next slide please
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00168-00037760-00038039 the tidal basin was created in the late
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00169-00038040-00038287 19th century as you see the 1880s
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00170-00038288-00038583 and it is the result of a truly
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00171-00038584-00038695 remarkable
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00172-00038696-00039135 infrastructure project it's really uh
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00173-00039136-00039283 in a way it's a celebration of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00174-00039284-00039518 engineering uh bravora
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00175-00039519-00039839 in the sense that the potomac was
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00176-00039840-00040187 flooding the area on a daily basis and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00177-00040188-00040502 sub-aqueous gates were constructed
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00178-00040503-00040815 to control the water's flow in that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00179-00040816-00040958 process
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00180-00040959-00041215 of holding back the water of regulating
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00181-00041216-00041311 the water
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00182-00041312-00041718 a pond was created and we call that pond
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00183-00041719-00042079 uh today we call it the tidal basin
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00184-00042080-00042655 we look at the next slide
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00185-00042656-00042855 now from the beginning from the tidal
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00186-00042856-00043015 basin's inception
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00187-00043016-00043327 it has been a a magnet
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00188-00043328-00043543 for washingtonians as well as for
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00189-00043544-00043630 tourists
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00190-00043631-00043943 who come to enjoy the iconic
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00191-00043944-00044215 uh grove of flowering cherry trees and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00192-00044216-00044318 particularly
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00193-00044319-00044551 the annual spring festival that's
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00194-00044552-00044687 dedicated to that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00195-00044688-00045030 wonderful event of nature uh as well as
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00196-00045031-00045135 to participate
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00197-00045136-00045439 in recreational activities including
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00198-00045440-00045623 at different times in the tidal basin's
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00199-00045624-00045767 history swimming
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00200-00045768-00046143 and fishing and a variety
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00201-00046144-00046615 of activities more and less active
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00202-00046616-00046846 what many people don't realize is that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00203-00046847-00047007 the monumental
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00204-00047008-00047223 component of the tidal basin and we see
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00205-00047224-00047351 here um
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00206-00047352-00047711 the the iconic uh jefferson memorial
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00207-00047712-00048023 is actually a more recent addition and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00208-00048024-00048351 that the the jefferson memorial designed
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00209-00048352-00048415 by
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00210-00048416-00048671 the great american classical architect
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00211-00048672-00048839 uh classicist architect
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00212-00048840-00049055 john russell pope was not completed
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00213-00049056-00049230 until 1943
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00214-00049231-00049471 and the other monuments followed so it's
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00215-00049472-00049599 actually a more
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00216-00049600-00050215 recent part of our national story
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00217-00050216-00050446 there has been controversy or discussion
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00218-00050447-00050607 about these monuments for
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00219-00050608-00050902 quite a while but in recent years it
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00220-00050903-00051062 really has come to the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00221-00051063-00051311 to the forefront and perhaps most
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00222-00051312-00051382 memorably
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00223-00051383-00051758 last year there was a op-ed piece in the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00224-00051759-00051894 new york times
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00225-00051895-00052270 written by an heir of thomas jefferson
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00226-00052271-00052550 and this man argued that perhaps
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00227-00052551-00052703 jefferson's likeness
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00228-00052704-00053094 should actually be replaced by a
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00229-00053095-00053430 statue commemorating the abolitionist
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00230-00053432-00053575 and former slave
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00231-00053576-00053975 uh harriet tubman
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00232-00053976-00054382 next slide please
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00233-00054383-00054726 more recently uh there was a monument
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00234-00054727-00055047 to franklin delano roosevelt
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00235-00055048-00055375 designed by the landscape architect
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00236-00055376-00055847 lawrence halperin and completed in 1997.
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00237-00055848-00056166 it came to fruition after
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00238-00056167-00056519 decades of planning but even with uh
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00239-00056520-00056838 a long uh process behind it
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00240-00056839-00057175 uh it also was the uh
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00241-00057176-00057407 object of discussion and and uh some
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00242-00057408-00057591 degree of conflict
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00243-00057591-00057750 which is to say that halpern had
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00244-00057751-00057942 designed a series of outdoor
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00245-00057944-00058319 rooms which comprise sculptures
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00246-00058320-00058599 we see here on the right the likeness of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00247-00058600-00058815 roosevelt with his famous dog
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00248-00058816-00059094 fala and a series of quotations carved
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00249-00059095-00059303 into the granite walls of these
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00250-00059304-00059615 uh ruthless
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00251-00059616-00059935 enclosures but there was some
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00252-00059936-00060319 concern on the part of activist groups
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00253-00060320-00060566 representing disabled americans that the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00254-00060567-00060711 fact that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00255-00060712-00060959 roosevelt had been in a wheelchair uh
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00256-00060960-00061142 the victim of uh polio
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00257-00061144-00061430 uh was was not acknowledged and so the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00258-00061432-00061606 sculpture that we see on the left
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00259-00061607-00061823 uh was added and what i think what
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00260-00061824-00061926 donald and i think
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00261-00061927-00062279 this uh speaks of is is simply
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00262-00062279-00062566 that uh these monuments are not either
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00263-00062567-00062815 literally or figuratively set in stone
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00264-00062816-00063047 in the sense that uh that they become
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00265-00063048-00063159 part of a
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00266-00063160-00063526 national conversation
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00267-00063527-00063671 okay if we could go to the next slide
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00268-00063672-00063903 please
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00269-00063904-00064247 uh more recently uh a
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00270-00064248-00064654 monument to martin luther king jr was uh
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00271-00064655-00064966 dedicated this uh in 2011
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00272-00064967-00065350 it was by the uh sculptor lee yi shin
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00273-00065351-00065694 and uh it is the first monument
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00274-00065695-00065926 on the national mall or in the tidal
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00275-00065927-00066182 basin area
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00276-00066183-00066567 dedicated to an african american and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00277-00066568-00066815 the many people felt that the monument
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00278-00066816-00066982 to the great civil rights leader
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00279-00066983-00067311 was long in coming but
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00280-00067312-00067638 again even after a long process it was
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00281-00067639-00067679 not
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00282-00067680-00067982 free um from controversy the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00283-00067983-00068159 monument in addition to the likeness
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00284-00068160-00068335 that you see on the right
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00285-00068336-00068638 uh contains a number of inscriptions of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00286-00068639-00068847 quotations from
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00287-00068848-00069215 some of king's most memorable speeches
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00288-00069216-00069535 and one of them was originally read
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00289-00069536-00069847 i was a drum major for justice peace and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00290-00069848-00069943 righteousness
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00291-00069944-00070263 which was paraphrased from one of king's
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00292-00070264-00070599 uh speeches and some critics argued that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00293-00070600-00070679 it made
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00294-00070680-00071006 uh king seem arrogant and so it actually
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00295-00071007-00071350 has been removed uh it was removed two
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00296-00071351-00071687 two years after the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00297-00071688-00072038 memorial was dedicated
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00298-00072039-00072311 okay if we could go to the next slide
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00299-00072312-00072399 now
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00300-00072400-00072750 today the gates of the original 19th
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00301-00072751-00072879 century
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00302-00072880-00073143 infrastructure are no longer operable
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00303-00073144-00073206 and so
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00304-00073207-00073519 the site once again floods daily and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00305-00073520-00073823 this is exacerbated by a number of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00306-00073824-00074159 uh causes that are leading to the waters
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00307-00074160-00074271 rising
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00308-00074272-00074591 among them are actually the entire city
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00309-00074592-00074926 of uh washington dc is uh
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00310-00074927-00075247 sinking uh to some degree as a result of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00311-00075248-00075582 uh tectonic plates shifting
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00312-00075583-00075935 uh and there's so there's a there's a
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00313-00075936-00076238 incidence of uh subsidence uh that is
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00314-00076239-00076391 causing the waters to rise
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00315-00076392-00076726 if we go to the next slide
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00316-00076727-00076894 in addition to those two factors the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00317-00076895-00077055 fact that the gates no longer
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00318-00077056-00077375 work and and uh that there is subsidence
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00319-00077376-00077647 the uh in a sense the title basis has
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00320-00077648-00077855 become a victim of its own success there
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00321-00077856-00077999 are so many people
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00322-00078000-00078279 uh that visit on a daily basis and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00323-00078280-00078391 particularly
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00324-00078392-00078767 the the highly popular uh cherry tree
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00325-00078768-00078991 festival each spring brings more than a
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00326-00078992-00079150 million people to the site
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00327-00079151-00079391 uh and it's simply there is wear and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00328-00079392-00079462 tear
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00329-00079463-00079750 on the site and on the earth's uh
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00330-00079751-00079975 ability it becomes impacted its ability
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00331-00079976-00080303 to absorb water this becomes exacerbated
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00332-00080304-00080671 by uh over development or a high degree
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00333-00080672-00080855 of development
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00334-00080856-00081103 in the area as well if we go to the next
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00335-00081104-00081271 slide
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00336-00081272-00081591 thank you so thank you tom
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00337-00081592-00081959 so thank you in response to these
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00338-00081960-00082206 conditions and these challenges and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00339-00082207-00082375 these problems
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00340-00082376-00082526 the national trust for historic
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00341-00082527-00082671 preservation and the trust of the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00342-00082672-00082806 national mall
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00343-00082807-00083055 initiated what they called an ideas lab
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00344-00083056-00083335 which was to spark creative ideas
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00345-00083336-00083606 for the future of the tidal basin and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00346-00083607-00083718 there were at least
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00347-00083719-00084150 two essential principles undergirding
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00348-00084151-00084494 the ideas lab one was that five
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00349-00084495-00084703 landscape architects were invited to
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00350-00084704-00084871 participate and they are
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00351-00084872-00085279 these five firms reed hildebrand gnn
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00352-00085280-00085567 d-land studio walter hood and james
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00353-00085568-00085799 corner field operations
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00354-00085800-00085982 the most important part that links them
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00355-00085983-00086111 all is that they are landscape
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00356-00086112-00086238 architects
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00357-00086239-00086447 and the organizers went to landscape
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00358-00086448-00086647 architects because landscape architects
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00359-00086648-00086782 think big
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00360-00086783-00087015 they think regionally and they think
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00361-00087016-00087271 over long periods of time
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00362-00087272-00087559 and it was decided that these ways of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00363-00087560-00087726 thinking were important
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00364-00087727-00088015 to the future of the tidal basin the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00365-00088016-00088199 other conscious decision that was made
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00366-00088200-00088350 on the part of the organizers
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00367-00088351-00088606 was not to hold a competition a
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00368-00088607-00088806 competition has a winner
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00369-00088807-00089062 and oftentimes the participants in a
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00370-00089063-00089223 competition are looking over their
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00371-00089224-00089326 shoulders
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00372-00089327-00089647 trying to second guess what might win
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00373-00089648-00089926 and therefore might be less prompted to
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00374-00089927-00090087 be speculative
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00375-00090088-00090367 an ideas lab which does not have a
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00376-00090368-00090455 winner
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00377-00090456-00090726 prompts a wider range of responses from
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00378-00090727-00090838 the practical
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00379-00090839-00091015 to the highly speculative and the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00380-00091016-00091199 theatrical in many ways
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00381-00091200-00091438 as you'll see but what we're going to
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00382-00091439-00091550 show you
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00383-00091551-00091799 the landscape architects all proposals
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00384-00091800-00092015 address the site's memorials
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00385-00092016-00092255 and they do so both environmentally
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00386-00092256-00092343 physically
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00387-00092344-00092655 and they do so culturally or socially
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00388-00092656-00092911 tom and i have selected three examples
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00389-00092912-00093135 to give you a flavor of the highlight so
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00390-00093136-00093271 three of the five
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00391-00093272-00093591 we're going to show you how they address
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00392-00093592-00093887 the memorials the proposal on the screen
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00393-00093888-00094150 now by dlan studio which is headed by
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00394-00094151-00094303 susannah drake
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00395-00094304-00094623 calls for two major infrastructural
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00396-00094624-00094703 moves
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00397-00094704-00095006 that relate to the monuments you can see
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00398-00095007-00095087 on the lower
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00399-00095088-00095359 left hand corner of your screen they
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00400-00095360-00095494 propose building a new
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00401-00095495-00095806 jetty off of the lincoln memorial into
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00402-00095807-00095943 the potomac
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00403-00095944-00096150 and on the upper right hand corner of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00404-00096151-00096255 your screen
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00405-00096256-00096550 you see a kind of land bridge that has
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00406-00096551-00096631 been built
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00407-00096632-00096862 connecting the jefferson memorial to the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00408-00096863-00097087 washington monument
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00409-00097088-00097406 could i have the next image
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00410-00097407-00097718 the next image
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00411-00097719-00098047 the this is the view of the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00412-00098048-00098343 land bridge that is connecting the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00413-00098344-00098494 jefferson memorial
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00414-00098495-00098838 to the uh washington monument and it has
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00415-00098839-00098982 two effects
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00416-00098983-00099223 one is it creates a kind of ceremonial
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00417-00099224-00099350 front yard
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00418-00099351-00099679 a landscape front yard to the memorial
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00419-00099680-00099831 to the jefferson memorial
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00420-00099832-00100047 and the cherry trees for environmental
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00421-00100048-00100287 reasons have been relocated here
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00422-00100288-00100615 it also provides easier access
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00423-00100616-00100894 from the tidal basin to the national
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00424-00100895-00100967 mole
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00425-00100968-00101182 one of the problems has been circulation
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00426-00101183-00101318 has been difficult
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00427-00101319-00101638 with security issues and flooding this
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00428-00101639-00101887 land bridge would actually cause an
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00429-00101888-00102023 easier access
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00430-00102024-00102223 to the map to the national mold which is
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00431-00102224-00102343 the main event
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00432-00102344-00102654 in washington dc can i have the next
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00433-00102655-00102894 image
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00434-00102895-00103263 and this is the view of the jetty which
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00435-00103264-00103630 d land studio susanna drake proposes
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00436-00103631-00103823 moving the martin luther king jr
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00437-00103824-00103934 memorial
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00438-00103935-00104263 to this jetty which has two effects
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00439-00104264-00104502 one is to move the memorial to a safer
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00440-00104503-00104615 place
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00441-00104616-00104815 free from rising seas and climate
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00442-00104816-00104975 changes but also
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00443-00104976-00105263 culturally it makes a direct link in the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00444-00105264-00105399 visitor's mind
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00445-00105400-00105686 to king and to lincoln two historic
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00446-00105688-00105743 figures
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00447-00105744-00105878 in african-american history in the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00448-00105879-00106054 united states
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00449-00106055-00106415 could i have the next image
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00450-00106416-00106766 another uh was the work of walter hood
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00451-00106767-00107063 hood design studio in oakland california
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00452-00107064-00107247 in his scheme he takes what we would
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00453-00107248-00107431 call a narrative approach
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00454-00107432-00107671 to the site and he imagines what he
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00455-00107672-00107807 calls a novella
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00456-00107808-00108166 in four parts and part of the novella's
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00457-00108167-00108510 themes or purposes is to uncover and to
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00458-00108511-00108654 memorialize
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00459-00108655-00108951 hidden histories so he's not building
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00460-00108952-00109015 anything
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00461-00109016-00109343 new no new memorial he's adding
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00462-00109344-00109631 signage to interpret the memorial to
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00463-00109632-00109775 interpret the site
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00464-00109776-00110047 and to memorialize it in that way
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00465-00110048-00110247 interpretive signage would point out for
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00466-00110248-00110319 instance
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00467-00110320-00110799 that wetlands in nearby plantations
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00468-00110800-00111047 served as what were called hush harbors
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00469-00111048-00111158 hush harbors
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00470-00111159-00111334 these were places where enslaved people
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00471-00111335-00111527 congregated and practiced religion in
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00472-00111528-00111615 secret
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00473-00111616-00111847 and it's a major factor in the creation
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00474-00111848-00112047 of the black church in the united states
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00475-00112048-00112278 so he wouldn't be building a hush harbor
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00476-00112279-00112463 but he would be interpreting
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00477-00112464-00112727 the harsh harbors to memorialize and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00478-00112728-00112831 commemorate
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00479-00112832-00113143 that fact of american history that i
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00480-00113144-00113423 have the next
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00481-00113424-00113686 on a physical level a couple of the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00482-00113688-00113790 schemes
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00483-00113791-00114110 propose to let the site flood to let
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00484-00114111-00114495 waters rise in walter hood's case it
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00485-00114496-00114607 creates a kind of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00486-00114608-00114871 necklace of monuments that are linked by
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00487-00114872-00114975 new construction
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00488-00114976-00115478 bridges could i have the next slide
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00489-00115479-00115671 field operation james call the field
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00490-00115672-00115871 operation is another scheme
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00491-00115872-00116039 that fashions the site into what he
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00492-00116040-00116278 calls an arc an island archipelago
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00493-00116279-00116599 of monuments which are accessed by boat
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00494-00116600-00116910 so it takes advantage if you will of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00495-00116911-00117158 climate change by letting the site flood
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00496-00117159-00117423 and creating islands that can be
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00497-00117424-00117807 landscaped that hold the monuments and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00498-00117808-00118127 the final image
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00499-00118128-00118423 this is also field operations this is
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00500-00118424-00118519 probably the most
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00501-00118520-00118902 provocative and speculative image
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00502-00118903-00119166 the question he's raising is should we
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00503-00119167-00119271 let the site
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00504-00119272-00119710 flood and should we let nature take over
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00505-00119711-00119902 the sight floods and monuments
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00506-00119903-00120047 gracefully age
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00507-00120048-00120254 and in this scheme decay into
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00508-00120255-00120558 picturesque ruins
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00509-00120559-00120878 could i have the next image so you could
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00510-00120879-00121166 see the range is quite broad
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00511-00121167-00121343 from the speculative to the more
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00512-00121344-00121486 practical
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00513-00121488-00121663 this final image of the online
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00514-00121664-00121871 exhibition the title basin
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00515-00121872-00122110 ideas lab is a page that prompts
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00516-00122111-00122239 participation
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00517-00122240-00122502 a major goal of the online exhibition is
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00518-00122503-00122631 advocacy
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00519-00122632-00122823 and we're urging people to participate
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00520-00122824-00123023 not only in programs like this
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00521-00123024-00123327 but to go to the site to use the site
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00522-00123328-00123599 to register for surveys to post
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00523-00123600-00123799 instagram posts of your experience
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00524-00123800-00124078 at the title basin to generate as much
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00525-00124079-00124263 image and as much interest in the title
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00526-00124264-00124334 basin
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00527-00124335-00124566 as is possible to generate public
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00528-00124567-00124823 interest so funding can be created
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00529-00124824-00125239 to save this priceless heritage
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00530-00125240-00126083 okay now we're going to be joined by our
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00531-00126083-00126575 panelists
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00532-00126576-00126854 so donald and i welcome you justin
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00533-00126855-00126951 marcel
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00534-00126952-00127383 and teresa and we wanted to start by
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00535-00127383-00127534 giving you the opportunity to tell us a
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00536-00127535-00127743 little bit about yourselves
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00537-00127744-00128102 and particularly how your professional
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00538-00128103-00128407 experience uh illuminates the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00539-00128408-00128702 ways in which you approach the title
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00540-00128703-00128919 base and then particularly
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00541-00128920-00129254 the idea of the monuments and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00542-00129255-00129614 concomitant uh controversies and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00543-00129615-00129990 the what what questions that raises in
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00544-00129991-00130119 terms of their preservation
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00545-00130120-00130423 so we wanted to start with justin with
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00546-00130424-00130463 you
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00547-00130464-00130751 and if you could just uh tell us a
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00548-00130752-00130910 little bit about yourselves
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00549-00130911-00131278 yourself sure first apologies the vance
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00550-00131279-00131390 if there are any
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00551-00131391-00131583 connectivity issues i'm joining from
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00552-00131584-00131766 kigali rwanda
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00553-00131767-00132095 so pretty far away
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00554-00132096-00132414 but i have two points of entry actually
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00555-00132415-00132727 to this conversation i was introduced as
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00556-00132728-00132975 as being a program officer for the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00557-00132976-00133223 melbourne foundation where i'm involved
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00558-00133224-00133527 in the foundation's monuments project
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00559-00133528-00133871 but prior to that role i was also
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00560-00133872-00134031 the executive director of the public
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00561-00134032-00134295 design commission in new york city
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00562-00134296-00134607 the city's design review agency that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00563-00134608-00134919 includes uh public art and and public
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00564-00134920-00135078 monuments and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00565-00135079-00135263 following charlottesville we had a
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00566-00135264-00135407 number of uh
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00567-00135408-00135678 really challenging uh conversations and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00568-00135679-00135823 engagements with
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00569-00135824-00136078 people in multiple sectors and from
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00570-00136079-00136247 multiple points of view
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00571-00136248-00136495 about the role and the importance of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00572-00136496-00136575 monuments
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00573-00136576-00136847 uh not only in the city but really in
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00574-00136848-00137023 our kind of national
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00575-00137024-00137295 uh landscape and understanding and so
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00576-00137296-00137351 the first
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00577-00137352-00137687 kind of point i'll sort of make or mark
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00578-00137688-00138039 is that there's very often a a
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00579-00138040-00138287 point or a comment that people will make
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00580-00138288-00138359 that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00581-00138360-00138566 monuments are sort of a background or
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00582-00138567-00138783 that they're sort of affecting
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00583-00138784-00138975 kind of a limited slice of people in
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00584-00138976-00139159 society and i really
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00585-00139160-00139319 would challenge and press on that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00586-00139320-00139519 because we saw it
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00587-00139520-00139911 in real time and in a sustained uh and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00588-00139912-00140263 kind of collective way that these
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00589-00140264-00140566 uh spaces and the elements of of our
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00590-00140567-00140678 built environment
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00591-00140679-00140935 do matter uh they matter a lot actually
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00592-00140936-00140990 and and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00593-00140991-00141327 we saw that in uh the multiple
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00594-00141328-00141727 conversations people coming out for
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00595-00141728-00142031 public hearings about how we would
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00596-00142032-00142335 would uh sort of collectively value
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00597-00142336-00142654 and uh sort of maintain and and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00598-00142655-00142951 kind of empower our shared public realm
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00599-00142952-00143126 of public landscapes that are
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00600-00143127-00143351 activated and charged by monuments and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00601-00143352-00143431 through
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00602-00143432-00143775 uh the power of built environment the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00603-00143776-00143983 power of representation
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00604-00143984-00144223 uh the power of art the power of the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00605-00144224-00144302 word
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00606-00144303-00144614 in our spaces uh the other kind of point
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00607-00144615-00144719 i would
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00608-00144720-00145023 uh sort of note is that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00609-00145024-00145343 uh in these conversations i think the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00610-00145344-00145566 the key question that that comes up is a
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00611-00145567-00145711 question of power
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00612-00145712-00146014 right who has the ability to uh
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00613-00146015-00146335 shape things and spaces that that we are
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00614-00146336-00146551 meant to have in common
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00615-00146552-00146854 and that's obviously incredibly evident
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00616-00146855-00147126 in places like the national mall
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00617-00147127-00147295 but it's something that that we need to
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00618-00147296-00147583 engage in to understand who is reflected
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00619-00147584-00147902 in our spaces who uh has been able to
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00620-00147903-00148207 uh show their presence
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00621-00148208-00148502 to tell their story uh to to kind of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00622-00148503-00148614 have their
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00623-00148615-00148943 um uh kind of identity
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00624-00148944-00149102 become a part of our collective and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00625-00149103-00149287 shared uh identity
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00626-00149288-00149614 and history uh so uh
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00627-00149615-00149887 kind of uh switching hats a little bit
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00628-00149888-00150047 to more of my current role at the mellon
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00629-00150048-00150159 foundation
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00630-00150160-00150487 uh i think there's a uh an expansion of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00631-00150488-00150678 this question in this project to really
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00632-00150679-00150783 think about
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00633-00150784-00151063 uh what types of work are monuments
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00634-00151064-00151159 doing
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00635-00151160-00151526 right for for us and and for society and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00636-00151527-00151639 whether that's
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00637-00151640-00151999 uh addressing issues of repair
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00638-00152000-00152343 uh addressing issues of justice uh but
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00639-00152344-00152414 also
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00640-00152415-00152839 uh thinking about what kinds of roles uh
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00641-00152840-00153095 do we want our our spaces to have in our
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00642-00153096-00153199 society
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00643-00153200-00153399 and vice versa right there you know our
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00644-00153400-00153575 spaces are shaping society and our
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00645-00153576-00153639 society
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00646-00153640-00153919 are shaping our spaces uh and how do we
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00647-00153920-00154087 do that in a way that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00648-00154088-00154414 uh best reflects our our
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00649-00154415-00154735 values our individual values our
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00650-00154736-00154854 collective values
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00651-00154855-00155119 uh in in ways that that we can all sort
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00652-00155120-00155159 of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00653-00155160-00155454 um kind of imagine the world that we
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00654-00155455-00155487 want
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00655-00155488-00155959 together great thank you so much
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00656-00155960-00156190 very informative um marcel do you want
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00657-00156191-00156399 to
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00658-00156400-00156559 really uh thank you again thomas and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00659-00156560-00156775 this is a great opportunity to explore
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00660-00156776-00156823 the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00661-00156824-00157007 opportunities at the title basis but
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00662-00157008-00157183 also talk a bit about
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00663-00157184-00157359 the importance of these memorials and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00664-00157360-00157583 monuments not only to the city but also
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00665-00157584-00157751 to the nation at large
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00666-00157752-00157983 my agency which is the national capital
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00667-00157984-00158199 planning commission is responsible
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00668-00158200-00158439 for the review and approval of memorials
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00669-00158440-00158535 and monuments
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00670-00158536-00158766 in the nation's capitals so we have
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00671-00158767-00158966 dealt a lot with the approvals of such
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00672-00158967-00159190 memorials such as the fdr memorial
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00673-00159191-00159359 uh which you showed in your presentation
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00674-00159360-00159559 the martin luther king memorial
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00675-00159560-00159735 and we kind of take it through iterative
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00676-00159736-00159943 steps obviously congress
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00677-00159944-00160214 makes the final determination about the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00678-00160215-00160399 authorization of the memorial
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00679-00160400-00160623 and to some extent they grant us the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00680-00160624-00160871 opportunity to identify locations
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00681-00160872-00161047 uh where these memorials should be
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00682-00161048-00161247 placed and also both the commission of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00683-00161248-00161343 fine arts
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00684-00161344-00161478 and the national capital planning
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00685-00161479-00161671 commission work together
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00686-00161672-00161926 to review and approve the final design
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00687-00161927-00162063 of those memorials and those are
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00688-00162064-00162239 typically shepherded through
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00689-00162240-00162495 sponsor groups and also through the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00690-00162496-00162702 national park service or the general
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00691-00162703-00162878 services administration which
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00692-00162879-00163111 essentially are the property owners uh
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00693-00163112-00163231 and essentially those
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00694-00163232-00163366 are turned back to the federal
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00695-00163367-00163511 government through the national park
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00696-00163512-00163623 service for the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00697-00163624-00163831 day-to-day operations of the memorial so
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00698-00163832-00163966 we deal with that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00699-00163967-00164190 in terms of a traditional design review
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00700-00164191-00164278 process
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00701-00164279-00164463 uh also we're responsible for the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00702-00164464-00164599 long-range planning
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00703-00164600-00164807 uh from the federal government side of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00704-00164808-00164935 the nation's capital
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00705-00164936-00165223 much of our responsibility and focus has
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00706-00165224-00165254 been
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00707-00165255-00165559 on the future of commemoration uh we
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00708-00165560-00165671 tended to focus
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00709-00165672-00166047 much of this on the land assets in terms
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00710-00166048-00166183 of where they should go
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00711-00166184-00166375 and if you think about it there's a lot
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00712-00166376-00166535 of competition
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00713-00166536-00166759 for sites in and around the national
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00714-00166760-00166990 mall and so to a great extent
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00715-00166991-00167214 we're not only only looking for today
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00716-00167215-00167343 but into the future
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00717-00167344-00167647 and for instance for future generations
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00718-00167648-00167871 in terms of what sites could be made
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00719-00167872-00168063 available and to ensure
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00720-00168064-00168383 uh that there are locations where future
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00721-00168384-00168702 events uh future people uh and future
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00722-00168703-00168975 uh uh things that are of consequence to
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00723-00168976-00169087 this nation are
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00724-00169088-00169414 uh have an opportunity to be represented
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00725-00169415-00169638 uh in the nation's capital i think one
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00726-00169639-00169799 of the most important things that we've
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00727-00169800-00169975 been dealing with and i think all of us
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00728-00169976-00170126 have been grappling with is
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00729-00170127-00170383 uh this is a symbolic space uh this is a
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00730-00170384-00170526 very sacred space
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00731-00170527-00170838 uh this is a place where everyone uh
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00732-00170839-00171111 feels a need to be represented uh they
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00733-00171112-00171311 want their stories told and i think the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00734-00171312-00171431 proximity
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00735-00171432-00171654 to the levers of government the capital
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00736-00171655-00171783 the white house the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00737-00171784-00172111 supreme court and kind of that notion of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00738-00172112-00172151 you know
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00739-00172152-00172487 five of my um if my
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00740-00172488-00172711 people are here if my experience has
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00741-00172712-00172854 been represented here
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00742-00172855-00173111 uh if something that is important to me
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00743-00173112-00173190 or people
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00744-00173191-00173463 uh that i care about are on the mall or
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00745-00173464-00173543 around the mall
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00746-00173544-00173711 then i've been acknowledged i've been
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00747-00173712-00173926 recognized so i think that's
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00748-00173927-00174223 basically a large undercurrent of site
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00749-00174224-00174423 decisions that we face
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00750-00174424-00174687 on an ongoing basis i also think in the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00751-00174688-00174887 long term we've been exploring i think
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00752-00174888-00175014 as justin has mentioned
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00753-00175015-00175343 what has been unrepresented uh that to
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00754-00175344-00175535 a great extent all the memorials and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00755-00175536-00175695 monuments that you see
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00756-00175696-00175902 in washington dc tell the story of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00757-00175903-00176023 america it's
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00758-00176024-00176223 uh and a great extent has been a
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00759-00176224-00176390 bottoms-up process that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00760-00176391-00176631 uh sponsors will go to congress they'll
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00761-00176632-00176814 get their memorials approved
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00762-00176815-00176990 uh there's a big haul in terms of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00763-00176991-00177199 fundraising and constructing it so
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00764-00177200-00177438 that's important and i think that is
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00765-00177439-00177559 essentially what
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00766-00177560-00177799 uh what gives us the memorials that we
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00767-00177800-00177919 see today at least
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00768-00177920-00178190 in the recent past but i do think um
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00769-00178191-00178263 there are
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00770-00178264-00178495 if you kind of look at the inventory of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00771-00178496-00178590 memorials
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00772-00178591-00178878 in washington dc many of them a majority
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00773-00178879-00179126 around 50 percent deal with military
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00774-00179127-00179311 and military conflict and that's very
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00775-00179312-00179447 important to our history
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00776-00179448-00179711 but what about sciences what about arts
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00777-00179712-00179902 what about the work of women
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00778-00179903-00180175 about brown and black people uh in our
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00779-00180176-00180383 country what has that role did
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00780-00180384-00180566 and what have they played and kind of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00781-00180567-00180719 aren't those stories should those
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00782-00180720-00180799 stories be told
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00783-00180800-00181007 and in what fashion so i think we're
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00784-00181008-00181175 starting to explore many of those
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00785-00181176-00181263 questions
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00786-00181264-00181447 in kind of our next generation of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00787-00181448-00181590 memorial research
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00788-00181591-00181790 and i think this is really exciting time
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00789-00181791-00181959 to break those issues
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00790-00181960-00182143 uh in terms of having a larger
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00791-00182144-00182343 conversation about what that means
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00792-00182344-00182599 kind of different ways to manifest that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00793-00182600-00182790 uh in our cultural landscape which i
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00794-00182791-00182966 think is going to be an amazing
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00795-00182967-00183135 experience over the course of many
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00796-00183136-00183287 generations so
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00797-00183288-00183526 i think that's a bigger uh issue that i
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00798-00183527-00183647 hope this panel
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00799-00183648-00183863 will discuss but i do think that initial
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00800-00183864-00184078 representation is important
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00801-00184079-00184431 thank you teresa thanks donald
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00802-00184432-00184751 um in in my role as a project director
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00803-00184752-00185223 for the trust for the national mall
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00804-00185224-00185414 it's to fulfill our mission which is to
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00805-00185415-00185631 help the national park service
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00806-00185632-00185799 enhance restore and preserve the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00807-00185800-00185975 national mall
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00808-00185976-00186295 but we do recognize and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00809-00186296-00186502 and looking at the history is is a big
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00810-00186503-00186623 part of um
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00811-00186624-00186823 of understanding the national mall and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00812-00186824-00187063 and the memorials that are in it
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00813-00187064-00187302 the name of the place is actually
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00814-00187303-00187607 national mall and memorial parks
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00815-00187608-00187959 um so what we recognize is that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00816-00187960-00188414 um as we look at this this place
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00817-00188415-00188759 it's very very clear that it has evolved
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00818-00188760-00189054 a lot over time it wasn't built all at
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00819-00189055-00189111 once
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00820-00189112-00189550 and it wasn't um conceived full-blown by
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00821-00189551-00189735 one plan
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00822-00189736-00189975 it was built over a couple of centuries
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00823-00189976-00190095 and so i'm a landscape
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00824-00190096-00190271 architect and i tend to look at it that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00825-00190272-00190423 way through the lens of a landscape
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00826-00190424-00190638 architect and a planner
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00827-00190639-00191007 on how the place has evolved and even
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00828-00191008-00191223 our relationships to the monuments and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00829-00191224-00191599 memorials has evolved
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00830-00191600-00191814 what's happened is you know over two
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00831-00191815-00191911 centuries
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00832-00191912-00192111 how we think about this place in the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00833-00192112-00192254 landscape
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00834-00192255-00192623 has changed and we used to talk about
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00835-00192624-00192854 you know in the in the 19th century the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00836-00192855-00193087 public grounds which is
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00837-00193088-00193375 you know a landscape with gardens and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00838-00193376-00193511 paths and things
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00839-00193512-00193823 but that that really evolved to the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00840-00193824-00194119 concept a more modern concept of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00841-00194120-00194399 public space or the public realm and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00842-00194400-00194447 that's
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00843-00194448-00194823 that's what really changed the place
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00844-00194824-00195238 and made it more powerful
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00845-00195239-00195407 because the the landscape and the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00846-00195408-00195654 monuments became an ensemble
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00847-00195655-00196014 that uplifted the notion of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00848-00196015-00196287 creating space for public gatherings um
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00849-00196288-00196502 exercising first amendment rights and so
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00850-00196503-00196711 on and so on
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00851-00196712-00196935 and i love this uh a quote from kirk
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00852-00196936-00197054 savage who's
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00853-00197055-00197366 from his wonderful book uh monument wars
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00854-00197367-00197535 because as we all know every monument
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00855-00197536-00197926 had a war around it before it was built
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00856-00197927-00198150 the power of the symbolic landscape
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00857-00198151-00198478 rests on the command of the space
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00858-00198479-00198735 and what we're seeing right now is that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00859-00198736-00198838 the national mall
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00860-00198839-00199143 and the title basin in particular
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00861-00199144-00199383 is a particularly fragile and vulnerable
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00862-00199384-00199526 landscape
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00863-00199527-00199887 and we're troubled about
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00864-00199888-00200095 the command of the space in the future
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00865-00200096-00200247 and so that's what really gave birth to
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00866-00200248-00200359 the ideas lab
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00867-00200360-00200623 so we could think about all these
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00868-00200624-00200814 complex issues
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00869-00200815-00201166 one of which is can we create and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00870-00201167-00201231 establish
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00871-00201232-00201471 a model for collaboration and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00872-00201472-00201638 interpretation of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00873-00201639-00201807 monuments and memorials that is more
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00874-00201808-00202126 inclusive than we see these days
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00875-00202127-00202431 so i i actually am gonna jump in there
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00876-00202432-00202607 was a very interesting question
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00877-00202608-00202871 that popped up and it was for justin and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00878-00202872-00203078 i would love to just ask you
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00879-00203079-00203399 the question i hope i'm saying it right
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00880-00203400-00203759 what did you mean by the word repair
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00881-00203760-00204038 and how do we know when a monument has
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00882-00204039-00204111 been
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00883-00204112-00204383 repaired was a question that i think is
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00884-00204384-00204471 really
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00885-00204472-00204623 interesting building on what you were
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00886-00204624-00204823 saying sure
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00887-00204823-00205086 and i actually got connected to uh
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00888-00205087-00205158 actually the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00889-00205159-00205438 the sort of the time frame that that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00890-00205439-00205542 teresa was just
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00891-00205544-00205790 talking about sort of the the scales of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00892-00205791-00205982 hundreds of years
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00893-00205983-00206262 and so when i talk about repair we have
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00894-00206263-00206351 to
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00895-00206352-00206575 i think have broader conversations about
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00896-00206576-00206686 all of our
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00897-00206687-00206886 various types of structures and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00898-00206887-00207055 constructs
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00899-00207056-00207255 that that become present in our built
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00900-00207256-00207431 environment in our landscapes and our
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00901-00207432-00207551 public realm
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00902-00207552-00207734 and so there are constructs like things
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00903-00207735-00208006 like monuments or constructs like
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00904-00208007-00208319 a tidal basin controlling flooding and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00905-00208319-00208406 water
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00906-00208407-00208703 but there are also constructs like
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00907-00208704-00208927 systemic racism
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00908-00208928-00209319 uh kind of structural inequality through
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00909-00209319-00209534 various forms of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00910-00209535-00209775 capital and labor uh there there are a
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00911-00209776-00209863 lot of different
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00912-00209864-00210103 kind of structures of that that we have
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00913-00210104-00210263 to talk about so you can talk about
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00914-00210264-00210446 repair in terms of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00915-00210448-00210687 um kind of things that may be present or
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00916-00210688-00210831 built but there
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00917-00210832-00211198 are multiple layers and multiple facets
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00918-00211200-00211471 to this conversation of repair so that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00919-00211471-00211671 work the types of work that you may do
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00920-00211671-00211982 may be addressing something like
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00921-00211983-00212391 uh the engineering or the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00922-00212392-00212734 kind of redesign reconsideration for
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00923-00212735-00213006 the relationship between humans and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00924-00213007-00213231 environment and water and climate
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00925-00213232-00213503 uh that you can go back and redesign and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00926-00213504-00213710 re-engineer and kind of repair
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00927-00213711-00214039 our relationship to to how we uh
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00928-00214040-00214391 take space but you can also have repair
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00929-00214392-00214527 uh in terms of some of the points that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00930-00214528-00214623 marcel was
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00931-00214623-00214910 uh kind of underlining about who is
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00932-00214911-00215167 represented who is empowered who
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00933-00215167-00215503 uh has uh been given agency uh
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00934-00215504-00215758 to to create and shape space and and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00935-00215759-00215887 kind of collective
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00936-00215888-00216191 moment so you know it's sort of a term
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00937-00216192-00216239 that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00938-00216240-00216542 talks about what has happened or what
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00939-00216544-00216751 has been allowed to
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00940-00216752-00217103 um not happen um in a way
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00941-00217104-00217455 um you know uh for for the capital
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00942-00217456-00217606 projects type people right deferred
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00943-00217607-00217694 maintenance
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00944-00217696-00217894 uh we have many different types of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00945-00217896-00218031 deferred maintenance
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00946-00218032-00218191 uh for the different types of work that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00947-00218192-00218479 we need to do uh as a society
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00948-00218480-00218631 you know not just for like you know
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00949-00218632-00218903 keeping our roads or our
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00950-00218904-00219110 water tunnels in good shape but in in
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00951-00219111-00219223 terms of keeping our
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00952-00219223-00219542 our our commons our our kind of shared
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00953-00219544-00219806 experiences and landscapes uh in good
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00954-00219807-00220015 shape in ways
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00955-00220016-00220263 that will take multiple types of efforts
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00956-00220264-00220431 of repair so it's it's meant to be kind
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00957-00220432-00220575 of a broad term
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00958-00220576-00220846 that captures many different things you
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00959-00220848-00220919 mentioned
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00960-00220919-00221263 the subject of agency has come up how do
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00961-00221264-00221446 we broaden
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00962-00221448-00221758 the how do we make this creation of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00963-00221759-00221839 memorials
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00964-00221840-00222175 in the united states where more people
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00965-00222176-00222439 are becoming agents the stewards that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00966-00222440-00222494 exist
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00967-00222496-00222831 the funders the general public
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00968-00222832-00223471 how do we increase that agency
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00969-00223471-00223679 would anyone like to jump in or or
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00970-00223680-00223831 marcel do you want to
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00971-00223832-00224342 respond to that and then teresa
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00972-00224344-00224503 yeah i think that's a very interesting
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00973-00224504-00224646 question about um
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00974-00224648-00224871 you know who is commemorated or what is
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00975-00224871-00225103 commemorated and kind of role
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00976-00225104-00225367 uh of the public in that discourse right
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00977-00225367-00225455 now
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00978-00225456-00225734 i would characterize the uh process as a
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00979-00225735-00225879 project by project
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00980-00225880-00226167 effort uh that you know a constituency
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00981-00226167-00226246 group
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00982-00226248-00226494 uh that that wants to be recognized goes
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00983-00226496-00226639 to congress
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00984-00226640-00226871 finds a champion they have to have a
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00985-00226871-00227015 real commitment to getting
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00986-00227016-00227303 it done and then they basically a lot of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00987-00227304-00227510 times they commission this form
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00988-00227511-00227742 uh and you know but it's kind of kept
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00989-00227744-00227823 within that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00990-00227823-00228119 that basic framework that they're and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00991-00228119-00228158 you
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00992-00228159-00228358 and since congress doesn't authorize the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00993-00228359-00228615 memorial at least for national ones
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00994-00228616-00228942 um that you know it is public in that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00995-00228944-00229015 sense
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00996-00229016-00229294 uh but there isn't like a huge large
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00997-00229296-00229439 public discourse about
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00998-00229440-00229719 storytelling different perspectives what
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-00999-00229719-00229903 stories being told
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01000-00229904-00230158 uh and kind of how that is manifested in
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01001-00230159-00230310 kind of the physical
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01002-00230311-00230551 side of the memorial itself and it does
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01003-00230552-00230710 go through our commissions and the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01004-00230711-00230791 public
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01005-00230792-00231127 has an opportunity to uh just
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01006-00231128-00231342 to provide that input in the discussion
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01007-00231344-00231431 but it's basically
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01008-00231432-00231567 incremental at that point you're
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01009-00231567-00231742 basically working on the basic
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01010-00231744-00231958 framework that the designer and the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01011-00231959-00232055 sponsors have
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01012-00232056-00232255 kind of created so i think that i'm just
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01013-00232256-00232406 saying that in terms of what how the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01014-00232407-00232463 process
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01015-00232464-00232719 works today and that it is bottoms up in
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01016-00232719-00232958 the sense that it does arise from
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01017-00232959-00233223 uh so many members of the public who
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01018-00233223-00233367 have an interest in seeing this in the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01019-00233367-00233479 nation's capital
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01020-00233480-00233751 but the process is somewhat limited just
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01021-00233752-00233894 because of the way it's set up in terms
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01022-00233896-00233942 of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01023-00233944-00234182 encouraging larger discourse i think
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01024-00234183-00234358 there's a bigger question about
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01025-00234359-00234646 if you wanted to talk about who is you
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01026-00234648-00234671 know
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01027-00234671-00234942 the broader issue of what is missing and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01028-00234944-00234982 kind of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01029-00234983-00235287 if kind of the the relative
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01030-00235288-00235567 values of what should be there or what
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01031-00235567-00235663 should not
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01032-00235664-00235887 uh i think that is a totally different
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01033-00235888-00235982 construct
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01034-00235983-00236158 of a conversation that you would have to
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01035-00236159-00236358 have with the public and i
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01036-00236359-00236598 do think the work that that the mellon
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01037-00236600-00236767 foundation is doing today
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01038-00236767-00236919 a lot of the groups out there i think
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01039-00236919-00237087 are kind of leading to that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01040-00237088-00237351 point where uh you know we have to have
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01041-00237352-00237446 a broader
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01042-00237448-00237727 discussion uh we need to have facts on
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01043-00237728-00237791 the table
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01044-00237792-00237991 in terms of what's there or what's not
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01045-00237992-00238119 we need to understand
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01046-00238119-00238358 um that even with memorials today there
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01047-00238359-00238551 are conflicting viewpoints and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01048-00238552-00238903 conflicting perspectives of what
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01049-00238904-00239142 that story that's currently being told
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01050-00239144-00239406 is uh is out there and how is that going
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01051-00239407-00239446 to be
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01052-00239448-00239703 changed or should it be changed over
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01053-00239704-00239846 time so i think that's a
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01054-00239848-00240110 somewhat slower process but i think it
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01055-00240111-00240255 is an important one and that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01056-00240256-00240494 i don't necessarily think it's up to
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01057-00240496-00240575 just
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01058-00240576-00240846 government to lead that conversation i
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01059-00240848-00241015 think they have a very important role to
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01060-00241016-00241239 play but i do think the not-for-profit
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01061-00241240-00241342 sector
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01062-00241344-00241542 uh many people out in the community
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01063-00241544-00241719 organizations i think have an
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01064-00241719-00241871 important role but i think to some
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01065-00241871-00242103 extent somebody has to organize it
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01066-00242104-00242455 is is the melon initiative
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01067-00242456-00242679 was it started to broaden the number of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01068-00242680-00242775 people
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01069-00242776-00243182 in the conversation
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01070-00243183-00243503 the melon work is about
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01071-00243504-00243806 humanity and complexity essentially like
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01072-00243807-00243830 in
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01073-00243831-00244063 in the broadest sense and and you know a
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01074-00244064-00244134 point that i think
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01075-00244135-00244382 marcel was just raising i think kind of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01076-00244383-00244575 gets to this point of of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01077-00244576-00244798 what do we mean by we right and that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01078-00244800-00244982 that has to broaden
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01079-00244983-00245223 uh and and that we have to understand
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01080-00245223-00245287 that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01081-00245288-00245567 uh you know there there is complexity in
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01082-00245567-00245719 in that conversation
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01083-00245719-00246023 and so instead of the idea of not
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01084-00246023-00246103 replacing
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01085-00246104-00246430 one kind of singular or narrow history
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01086-00246431-00246503 for
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01087-00246504-00246791 another presumably correct or more
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01088-00246792-00246871 correct or
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01089-00246871-00247103 or more appropriate more representative
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01090-00247104-00247319 one it's actually to do the work of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01091-00247319-00247423 broadening
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01092-00247423-00247688 uh who who is involved who
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01093-00247689-00247879 [Music]
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01094-00247880-00248175 can can be a part of that complex we
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01095-00248176-00248430 right the kind of the multitude in a way
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01096-00248431-00248782 and and this idea of of what does public
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01097-00248783-00249119 uh participation interaction
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01098-00249119-00249471 um agency look like does have to
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01099-00249471-00249806 kind of factor in uh conflict
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01100-00249807-00250255 complexity um uh learning and unlearning
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01101-00250256-00250494 uh in a way and i think a lot of public
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01102-00250496-00250598 processes and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01103-00250600-00250855 and what this work might look like has
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01104-00250856-00251046 to frankly develop some new
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01105-00251048-00251230 tools and new approaches for doing work
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01106-00251231-00251479 right the the process that marcel is
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01107-00251480-00251775 uh sort of identifying is based on kind
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01108-00251776-00252006 of a certain type of power structure
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01109-00252007-00252334 financial structure of that that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01110-00252335-00252591 has left a lot of people out and we have
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01111-00252592-00252742 a lot of evidence that shows that it
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01112-00252744-00252910 leaves a lot of people out
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01113-00252911-00253119 frankly the entire design community how
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01114-00253119-00253246 we do any kind of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01115-00253248-00253527 place changing work uh has similar
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01116-00253528-00253671 structural issues
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01117-00253671-00253871 uh in terms of how decisions are made
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01118-00253871-00254158 and so uh the design community itself
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01119-00254159-00254351 thinking about how does it involve
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01120-00254352-00254591 people when it's uh developing work and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01121-00254592-00254919 and changing ideas uh uh for place
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01122-00254919-00255215 uh uh may need some new and different
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01123-00255216-00255334 tools and so the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01124-00255335-00255606 melon effort is actually looking to uh
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01125-00255607-00255694 kind of promote
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01126-00255696-00256006 uh more innovation more exploration uh
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01127-00256007-00256294 and more complexity in doing that work i
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01128-00256296-00256479 just said one thing i think the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01129-00256480-00256655 the issue here i think there is a
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01130-00256656-00256806 difference in terms of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01131-00256807-00257063 we tend to view monuments and memorials
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01132-00257064-00257246 in terms of design
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01133-00257248-00257503 but i think the big missing piece right
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01134-00257504-00257655 now this is a question about public
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01135-00257656-00257767 history
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01136-00257767-00258063 and that to the extent that those
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01137-00258064-00258198 experts but also
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01138-00258200-00258358 interested members of the public kind of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01139-00258359-00258646 bringing stories perspectives
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01140-00258648-00258951 uh and kind of sifting through all that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01141-00258952-00259287 and kind of making it manifest itself in
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01142-00259288-00259471 some sort of either a memorial or an
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01143-00259471-00259542 event or
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01144-00259544-00259727 whatnot i think it's kind of the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01145-00259728-00259879 interesting question here is that you
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01146-00259880-00259903 know
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01147-00259904-00260134 we're planners we're designers or
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01148-00260135-00260310 landscape architects
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01149-00260311-00260503 architects and we all have a hand in
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01150-00260504-00260663 this but i think the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01151-00260664-00260975 at least by my view as uh personal view
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01152-00260976-00261151 is that you know the big missing gap is
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01153-00261152-00261223 kind of like
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01154-00261223-00261423 pump the public history and where do you
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01155-00261423-00261639 place this into kind of the spectrum
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01156-00261640-00261919 of issues and also how do you view this
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01157-00261919-00262191 with the experience of time
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01158-00262192-00262391 we get a little bit of that in our
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01159-00262392-00262495 discussions
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01160-00262496-00262719 but i think there has to be a lot more
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01161-00262720-00262887 because in terms of how that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01162-00262888-00263279 memorial is designed is actually a
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01163-00263280-00263558 a kind of outcome of that story and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01164-00263559-00263606 whoever
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01165-00263607-00263887 controls that story kind of sees itself
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01166-00263888-00263975 in the memorial
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01167-00263976-00264271 yeah right so it's i think that's kind
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01168-00264272-00264382 of the bigger
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01169-00264383-00264671 issue that i hope we're able to address
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01170-00264672-00264847 at some point
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01171-00264848-00265071 i wanted to pick up on that can i follow
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01172-00265072-00265182 up on that thomas
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01173-00265183-00265599 um absolutely um i i really
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01174-00265600-00265751 you know just want to reinforce what
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01175-00265752-00265958 marcel and justin are saying and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01176-00265959-00266175 um some of the things that have risen up
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01177-00266176-00266334 out of the ideas lab
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01178-00266335-00266647 is that we need to be open to a new set
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01179-00266648-00266758 of principles for
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01180-00266759-00266951 memorial landscapes over time and i
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01181-00266952-00267175 think what we have gotten
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01182-00267176-00267534 out of this initiative uh from the five
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01183-00267535-00267934 landscape architects is is a vision
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01184-00267935-00268175 it envisions a landscape of what it
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01185-00268176-00268303 might actually look like
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01186-00268304-00268551 in the future in terms of memorials a
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01187-00268552-00268615 living
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01188-00268616-00268903 landscape a more diverse landscape and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01189-00268904-00269087 one that's open to change
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01190-00269088-00269406 and so um you know these things can be
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01191-00269407-00269519 very abstract
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01192-00269520-00269782 um when we're talking about them but but
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01193-00269783-00269823 what
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01194-00269824-00270143 what the ideas lab has given us is a set
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01195-00270144-00270487 of uh of visions that will help to
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01196-00270488-00270623 further this dialogue
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01197-00270624-00270895 um particularly around memorials it's
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01198-00270896-00270982 not just about
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01199-00270983-00271399 infrastructure and um ecological systems
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01200-00271400-00271591 it's more about guidelines and policies
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01201-00271592-00271879 that can help us to implement change
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01202-00271880-00272079 so that is going to really let me plug
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01203-00272080-00272215 in for the ideas
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01204-00272216-00272582 theresa knows very well also uh
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01205-00272583-00272879 the destruction of the cherry trees
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01206-00272880-00273047 which is a kind of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01207-00273048-00273295 ephemeral memorial you know we always
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01208-00273296-00273519 think of memorials as being
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01209-00273520-00273847 brick and mortar and stone and marble
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01210-00273848-00274151 but one of the memorials at
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01211-00274152-00274391 the title basin is a memorial to time
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01212-00274392-00274551 into nature
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01213-00274552-00274775 and what makes the cherry tree so
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01214-00274776-00274982 prominent and so powerful as they come
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01215-00274983-00275063 and go
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01216-00275064-00275334 the blossoming is so quick and they are
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01217-00275335-00275487 being destroyed
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01218-00275488-00275719 as well as the brick and mortar
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01219-00275720-00275910 monuments
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01220-00275911-00276103 right which i think pushes the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01221-00276104-00276263 conversation into a
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01222-00276264-00276423 slightly different direction and i'd
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01223-00276424-00276695 like to open it up which is
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01224-00276696-00276919 what about the element of time and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01225-00276920-00277119 particularly how it relates to the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01226-00277120-00277327 telling of public history and are there
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01227-00277328-00277399 opportunities
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01228-00277400-00277791 to program this space or even to really
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01229-00277792-00278158 uh blur the distinction between
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01230-00278159-00278287 the different kind of monuments that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01231-00278288-00278447 donald was just talking about the brick
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01232-00278448-00278534 and mortar and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01233-00278535-00278863 and one based in time can we in fact uh
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01234-00278864-00279055 liberate ourselves from thinking about
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01235-00279056-00279279 those as two separate silos and are
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01236-00279280-00279439 there opportunities
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01237-00279440-00279863 to make the meaning or the access to
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01238-00279864-00280023 meaning
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01239-00280024-00280358 more porous and more accessible through
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01240-00280359-00280591 events and through different kinds of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01241-00280592-00280799 memorials that don't necessarily last
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01242-00280800-00280919 for all time
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01243-00280920-00281423 so to to you all
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01244-00281424-00281623 i'll start so actually i think there's a
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01245-00281624-00281758 slide of the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01246-00281759-00282095 uh the voiceover uh with the uh
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01247-00282096-00282327 jefferson memorial and the parents so
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01248-00282328-00282495 you can put that up
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01249-00282496-00282799 um so uh in 2006 we held a design
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01250-00282800-00282887 competition
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01251-00282888-00283055 along with the national park service in
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01252-00283056-00283287 the van atlanta institute of new york
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01253-00283288-00283471 uh to look it was called memorials for
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01254-00283472-00283630 the future they kind of looked at
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01255-00283631-00283871 opportunities to express memorials
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01256-00283872-00283991 beyond granite
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01257-00283992-00284230 in terms of what we see today uh and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01258-00284231-00284382 also to kind of think about are there
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01259-00284383-00284519 different ways
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01260-00284520-00284863 of of commemoration uh not only
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01261-00284864-00285127 uh in kind of the traditional physical
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01262-00285128-00285303 forms that we see today i think one of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01263-00285304-00285454 the big questions here
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01264-00285455-00285679 and one of the big topics that a lot of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01265-00285680-00285910 the participants
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01266-00285911-00286247 had wanted to put forward is this notion
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01267-00286248-00286310 of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01268-00286311-00286615 having a conversation about subject
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01269-00286616-00286687 matter
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01270-00286688-00286958 in this case we're seeing two versions
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01271-00286959-00287023 of it
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01272-00287024-00287254 at the thomas jefferson memorial that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01273-00287255-00287430 you know the memorial itself tells a
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01274-00287431-00287543 certain story uh
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01275-00287544-00287830 you can read a lot into into it uh in
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01276-00287831-00288030 terms of your own views but a lot of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01277-00288031-00288110 times there are
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01278-00288111-00288295 multiple views as somebody pointed out
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01279-00288296-00288551 earlier about thomas jefferson and his
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01280-00288552-00288630 history
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01281-00288631-00288871 and his meaning uh to the country for
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01282-00288872-00289015 good and for bad
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01283-00289016-00289295 uh traditionally uh i think people 15
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01284-00289296-00289471 years ago would have thought holding a
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01285-00289472-00289719 little computer in your hand a cell
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01286-00289720-00289895 phone was almost
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01287-00289896-00290127 possible to think of but voila today we
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01288-00290128-00290303 have that that's one way
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01289-00290304-00290495 of getting different perspectives and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01290-00290496-00290671 narratives out there and giving people a
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01291-00290672-00290823 bit more context
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01292-00290824-00291030 in terms of what thomas jefferson was
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01293-00291031-00291167 about
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01294-00291168-00291319 i think people are probably wondering on
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01295-00291320-00291454 the right side what's about what's up
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01296-00291455-00291591 with the pink parrots
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01297-00291592-00291815 uh this was an entry called voiceover
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01298-00291816-00291958 and essentially this was an
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01299-00291959-00292206 effort to record stories from everyday
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01300-00292207-00292287 people
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01301-00292288-00292615 told be told by everyday people about
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01302-00292616-00292879 aspects of the subject matter uh to kind
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01303-00292880-00292927 of get
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01304-00292928-00293143 different points of view and different
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01305-00293144-00293399 points and perspectives across the table
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01306-00293400-00293599 essentially these parents would come in
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01307-00293600-00293710 pre-record
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01308-00293711-00293958 these stories a flock of them would come
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01309-00293959-00294158 to the memorial and that would provide
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01310-00294159-00294375 an opportunity to tell these stories
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01311-00294376-00294599 at certain periods of time and also to
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01312-00294600-00294782 get engaged in public in some sort of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01313-00294783-00294887 discourse about
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01314-00294888-00295095 the meaning of that memorial that was a
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01315-00295096-00295303 more fanciful and playful way
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01316-00295304-00295463 to express what you could do with
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01317-00295464-00295630 technology that we have today
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01318-00295631-00295791 but i think it just brings up the point
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01319-00295792-00295982 that there are multiple stories out
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01320-00295983-00296030 there
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01321-00296031-00296287 there are multiple perspectives that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01322-00296288-00296439 need to be told and that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01323-00296440-00296679 people can make up their own minds about
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01324-00296680-00296775 what they
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01325-00296776-00297054 um how they want to proceed but they
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01326-00297055-00297103 also
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01327-00297104-00297303 should have the benefit of hearing other
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01328-00297304-00297471 people's stories and views
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01329-00297472-00297719 so i think this is what this allows us
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01330-00297720-00297815 to do
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01331-00297816-00298134 beyond a architectural piece or a built
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01332-00298135-00298271 permanent piece
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01333-00298272-00298447 uh i'm also thinking a bit more about
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01334-00298448-00298639 temporary commemoration
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01335-00298640-00298863 um on the mall uh if you thought about
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01336-00298864-00299134 the inauguration uh president biden's
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01337-00299135-00299358 inauguration there was a very moving
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01338-00299359-00299582 ceremony the day before the inauguration
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01339-00299583-00299751 at the reflecting pool
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01340-00299752-00300047 which uh which commemorated the people
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01341-00300048-00300223 lost to cove at 19.
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01342-00300224-00300487 that in fact was a temporary memorial it
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01343-00300488-00300639 was an event
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01344-00300640-00300839 but it took advantage of the place the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01345-00300840-00301054 symbolism of the national mall
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01346-00301055-00301295 as a place of healing and i think much
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01347-00301296-00301447 more can be done
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01348-00301448-00301815 in that that avenue um
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01349-00301816-00302095 with that uh opportunity to kind of use
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01350-00302096-00302206 that setting
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01351-00302207-00302527 as a way to reconcile have conversations
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01352-00302528-00302751 uh and in a way that's not necessarily
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01353-00302752-00302895 done in a permanent
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01354-00302896-00303215 uh built right monumental memorial so i
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01355-00303216-00303375 think that's where we see kind of the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01356-00303376-00303471 future
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01357-00303472-00303703 and i also think uh even with that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01358-00303704-00303882 example as long as as well as the aids
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01359-00303883-00304079 quilt i think our great example
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01360-00304080-00304247 is the age growth is a great example
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01361-00304248-00304558 yeah
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01362-00304559-00304910 i agree that the the conversation about
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01363-00304911-00305103 the the ephemeral and the programmatic
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01364-00305104-00305295 are really important especially when we
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01365-00305296-00305495 talk about this this idea of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01366-00305496-00305854 of kind of public um participation
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01367-00305855-00306191 uh uh and and kind of connection
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01368-00306192-00306534 uh for uh place and history and story
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01369-00306535-00306806 um you know kind of an alternate example
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01370-00306807-00306958 we saw recently in dc would have been
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01371-00306959-00307071 the black lives matter
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01372-00307072-00307399 mural right the kind of the the marking
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01373-00307400-00307647 literal marking of people and their
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01374-00307648-00307710 power
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01375-00307711-00308039 in in a place that matters and has power
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01376-00308040-00308343 uh having an effect that that ultimately
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01377-00308344-00308639 as we all know uh was connected to kind
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01378-00308640-00308799 of a moment and a movement that people
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01379-00308800-00308934 were going through but
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01380-00308935-00309191 also connected to other places so we had
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01381-00309192-00309327 other cities and other communities
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01382-00309328-00309543 communities that you may not have even
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01383-00309544-00309767 associated or thought about being
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01384-00309768-00309910 connected
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01385-00309911-00310182 to these ideas being able to kind of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01386-00310183-00310423 mark their spaces
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01387-00310424-00310734 another i'll have another
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01388-00310735-00311006 inauguration example i just put a link
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01389-00311007-00311191 in the chat because there's no way i can
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01390-00311192-00311551 share a video from kigali but um
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01391-00311552-00311887 during the inauguration step africa uh
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01392-00311888-00312047 african american dance troupe did a
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01393-00312048-00312191 performance at
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01394-00312192-00312487 the jefferson memorial uh on the title
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01395-00312488-00312647 basin and so the idea
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01396-00312648-00312967 of you know talking about again that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01397-00312968-00313271 notion of complexity so yes jefferson
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01398-00313272-00313503 one of our presidents importantly in
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01399-00313504-00313623 history but
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01400-00313624-00313919 um telling of a different kind of story
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01401-00313920-00314047 by having
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01402-00314048-00314358 uh a african-american dance troupe
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01403-00314359-00314695 uh perform and and sort of take and have
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01404-00314696-00314806 some measure of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01405-00314807-00315047 of control and reflection in that space
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01406-00315048-00315134 uh at
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01407-00315135-00315479 frankly an important time um uh
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01408-00315480-00315710 kind of socially and politically was
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01409-00315711-00315943 very powerful and not always
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01410-00315944-00316127 expressing things in a way that that you
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01411-00316128-00316367 might think right to talk about
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01412-00316368-00316567 jefferson and slavery for example but
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01413-00316568-00316719 instead to talk about
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01414-00316720-00316943 uh the presence and power importance of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01415-00316944-00317063 of black people
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01416-00317064-00317303 in this country right as another mode of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01417-00317304-00317487 expression and claiming and making of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01418-00317488-00317551 space
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01419-00317552-00317871 so i think this idea of kind of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01420-00317872-00318143 pushing the boundaries a bit on on what
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01421-00318144-00318271 we mean by
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01422-00318272-00318647 commemoration memory story
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01423-00318648-00319047 presence power uh to do so in broader
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01424-00319048-00319119 ways is
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01425-00319120-00319727 is really important
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01426-00319728-00319879 i started out by talking about the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01427-00319880-00320079 history and that this is really a place
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01428-00320080-00320295 that has evolved over time
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01429-00320296-00320495 and i really do believe that we're in
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01430-00320496-00320599 one of those
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01431-00320600-00320782 important moments right now in the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01432-00320783-00320951 history of the national mall
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01433-00320952-00321254 where we're going to take advantage
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01434-00321255-00321567 of just the inevitability of change
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01435-00321568-00321751 and with that change is going to come
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01436-00321752-00321958 many many new innovations such as we're
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01437-00321959-00322151 seeing here and that justin and marcel
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01438-00322152-00322199 are talking
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01439-00322200-00322558 about and and that the trust is planning
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01440-00322559-00322791 also around public education and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01441-00322792-00322895 awareness
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01442-00322896-00323223 um the time has come to do these things
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01443-00323224-00323639 because we continue to evolve and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01444-00323640-00323919 over time we may find that some of our
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01445-00323920-00323991 monuments
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01446-00323992-00324230 are not relevant anymore unless we
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01447-00324231-00324495 continue to layer in these stories
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01448-00324496-00324847 so um i'm very hopeful marcel is what is
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01449-00324848-00325487 this on the screen now
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01450-00325488-00325639 uh what you see on the screen right now
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01451-00325640-00325830 was actually the winner of our design
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01452-00325831-00325934 competition
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01453-00325935-00326175 16 this is called climate chronograph
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01454-00326176-00326334 and this is very similar to some of the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01455-00326335-00326430 ideas that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01456-00326431-00326639 came out of the ideas lab but this
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01457-00326640-00326815 literally was a memorial
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01458-00326816-00327023 uh to climate change and kind of the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01459-00327024-00327134 impacts of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01460-00327135-00327454 rising sea levels on public space
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01461-00327455-00327695 and if this this this example is a grove
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01462-00327696-00327799 of cherry trees
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01463-00327800-00327975 have been planted at the end of hades
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01464-00327976-00328167 point which is a low point
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01465-00328168-00328447 uh by the potomac river and over time
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01466-00328448-00328654 over generations it will flood you'll
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01467-00328655-00328895 know that shoreline will be missing over
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01468-00328896-00329030 the course of years
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01469-00329031-00329239 essentially they would plant the trees
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01470-00329240-00329478 uh and people would mark that time
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01471-00329479-00329654 and over the course of successive
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01472-00329655-00329799 generations you'll see the trees
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01473-00329800-00329887 disappearing
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01474-00329888-00330078 and it was a way to kind of measure that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01475-00330079-00330271 impact in a meaningful way i think
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01476-00330272-00330430 what's interesting about this
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01477-00330431-00330647 this is a memorial about the future as
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01478-00330648-00330863 opposed to a memorial about the past
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01479-00330864-00331023 i think that's what made this and it was
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01480-00331024-00331215 very deliberate in terms of having
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01481-00331216-00331382 using this as a way to have a
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01482-00331383-00331519 conversation
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01483-00331520-00331854 about what climate change means and what
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01484-00331855-00332158 what it is doing on a slope
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01485-00332159-00332439 but kind of on a daily basis and you
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01486-00332440-00332558 know your children and your
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01487-00332559-00332734 grandchildren will be able to see the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01488-00332735-00332863 dead trees
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01489-00332864-00333143 that were what's thriving um and they
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01490-00333144-00333206 would
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01491-00333207-00333351 they would kind of remember what that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01492-00333352-00333510 impact had been so this was the winner
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01493-00333511-00333671 of our competition
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01494-00333672-00333903 so should we open it up to qui ah there
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01495-00333904-00334078 it is questions and answers
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01496-00334079-00334567 yes all right so now all right
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01497-00334568-00334943 good timing uh well thank you panelists
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01498-00334944-00335182 it's a really fascinating conversation a
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01499-00335183-00335358 lot to unpack here and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01500-00335359-00335527 like our other webinars this really
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01501-00335528-00335695 helps inform
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01502-00335696-00335903 the title based and ideas lab and the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01503-00335904-00336095 future of our our work
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01504-00336096-00336287 at the title basin so we don't have a
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01505-00336288-00336463 ton of time and i'm sorry for that for
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01506-00336464-00336606 for questions from the public we'll do
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01507-00336607-00336823 our best to follow up with you
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01508-00336824-00336982 but i do have one question here i'd like
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01509-00336983-00337278 to try to have the panelists address
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01510-00337279-00337551 and it is this many people may not
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01511-00337552-00337647 realize
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01512-00337648-00337847 how commemoration affects them and their
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01513-00337848-00338071 communities what strategies would the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01514-00338072-00338223 panel recommend
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01515-00338224-00338487 to engage with people with all levels of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01516-00338488-00338678 awareness of the topic to reflect a
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01517-00338679-00338934 more complete cross-section of community
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01518-00338935-00339015 input
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01519-00339016-00339199 when considering changes to the title
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01520-00339200-00339678 visa
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01521-00339679-00340015 okay anybody
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01522-00340016-00340599 anyone want to jump in on that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01523-00340600-00340895 so i'll jump in and this is um you know
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01524-00340896-00341015 maybe with a bit of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01525-00341016-00341327 of bias but i i do think that the role
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01526-00341328-00341478 of artists
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01527-00341479-00341839 uh and i mean that in in a broad way
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01528-00341840-00342119 uh at the intersection of what marcel
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01529-00342120-00342167 raised
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01530-00342168-00342478 earlier the role of of uh kind of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01531-00342479-00342782 historians and scholars uh
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01532-00342783-00342999 is is a really interesting and important
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01533-00343000-00343158 point because the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01534-00343159-00343575 the work of you know research people
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01535-00343576-00343839 finding histories uh doing the kind of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01536-00343840-00343878 the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01537-00343879-00344254 the not so sexy and not so visible work
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01538-00344255-00344287 of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01539-00344288-00344567 of kind of uncovering and collecting and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01540-00344568-00344663 elevating
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01541-00344664-00344847 these stories it's difficult to get that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01542-00344848-00344999 work to a broader public
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01543-00345000-00345167 but that is a place where artists of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01544-00345168-00345334 different kinds different medias
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01545-00345335-00345510 different modes of expression
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01546-00345511-00345847 um can can have a great way of doing
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01547-00345848-00345934 that work
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01548-00345935-00346303 um you know whether it's a a visual
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01549-00346304-00346719 artist doing a temporary sculpture or a
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01550-00346720-00346927 choreographer and dance company
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01551-00346928-00347054 activating a space
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01552-00347055-00347415 or a poet sort of giving voice
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01553-00347416-00347710 to uh maybe a history or a narrative and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01554-00347711-00347799 and doing that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01555-00347800-00348103 in public doing that in space uh through
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01556-00348104-00348199 different modes
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01557-00348200-00348478 i think is really powerful way to engage
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01558-00348479-00348682 again this idea of how do we broaden the
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01559-00348683-00348815 conversation
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01560-00348816-00349191 art arts and culture are great ways
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01561-00349192-00349334 to kind of find different ways to
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01562-00349335-00349495 connect to different audiences and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01563-00349496-00349630 different people
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01564-00349631-00349806 and especially when you talk about again
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01565-00349807-00349975 the kind of the multitude
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01566-00349976-00350143 of different modes of expression
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01567-00350144-00350358 different modes of of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01568-00350359-00350630 participation through the work of
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01569-00350631-00350830 artists
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01570-00350831-00351047 thank you and i'm afraid our time is up
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01571-00351048-00351223 i think we could talk for a great deal
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01572-00351224-00351382 longer about these incredible
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01573-00351383-00351695 incredible topics but if we haven't
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01574-00351696-00351823 answered your question
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01575-00351824-00352030 please reach out to us i'll show you an
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01576-00352031-00352199 email at the end and we'll do our best
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01577-00352200-00352247 to
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01578-00352248-00352582 to get back to you but you can also keep
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01579-00352583-00352663 talking
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01580-00352664-00352951 forum connect is available to all and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01581-00352952-00353175 it's online and free and open to anyone
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01582-00353176-00353358 so if there's a particular topic that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01583-00353359-00353534 you found interesting today
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01584-00353535-00353775 or a line of conversation feel free to
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01585-00353776-00353958 get on form connect and keep that
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01586-00353959-00354206 conversation going
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01587-00354207-00354423 i say we do a panel about our arts and
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01588-00354424-00354543 culture next
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01589-00354544-00354871 i yeah i like it absolutely and we do
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01590-00354872-00355087 have a couple of webinars coming up
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01591-00355088-00355439 that i invite you all to attend we have
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01592-00355440-00355734 an event regarding the brown v board
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01593-00355735-00355799 decision
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01594-00355800-00356023 it's students on strike to massive
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01595-00356024-00356215 resistance in farmville virginia
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01596-00356216-00356543 and that'll be on april 12th and then we
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01597-00356544-00356767 will have our fourth and final
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01598-00356768-00357039 for the series title base in webinar
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01599-00357040-00357199 regarding funding the public
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01600-00357200-00357503 sphere and that will be april 21st 5
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01601-00357504-00357871 30 eastern like today's event
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01602-00357872-00358127 so i i thank you all i thank our
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01603-00358128-00358239 panelists
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01604-00358240-00358471 and we just had a wonderful conversation
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01605-00358472-00358606 it's really fantastic
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01606-00358607-00358854 i i'm so grateful for this intriguing
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01607-00358855-00359078 conversation it's a lot to think about
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01608-00359079-00359295 and i think all of our participants as
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01609-00359296-00359463 well um we couldn't do this
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01610-00359464-00359703 without you so we appreciate that and if
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01611-00359704-00359830 you have any questions
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01612-00359831-00360187 certainly reach out to us at forum
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01613-00360188-00360310 savingplaces.org
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01614-00360311-00360543 and we will get back to you so thank you
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01615-00360544-00360734 all have a good evening thank you
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01616-00360735-00361047 and uh hope to see see everyone soon
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01617-00361048-00361382 thank you thanks so much thank you all
+Uiq1NJO_qUA-01618-00361383-00361831 good night
+UjziljnN6gM-00000-00000192-00000503 everything always happens perfectly
+UjziljnN6gM-00001-00000504-00000615 thrive
+UjziljnN6gM-00002-00000616-00000823 don't just survive
+UjziljnN6gM-00003-00000824-00001079 take a step back you'll see it's true
+UjziljnN6gM-00004-00001080-00001358 nothing happens accidentally to you or
+UjziljnN6gM-00005-00001359-00001558 to anybody
+UjziljnN6gM-00006-00001559-00001695 else
+UjziljnN6gM-00007-00001696-00001951 hi i'm ally biermann and you can find me
+UjziljnN6gM-00008-00001952-00002342 at thrive don't you survive dot com
+UjziljnN6gM-00009-00002343-00002615 now those are the opening lyrics to my
+UjziljnN6gM-00010-00002616-00002895 thrive don't just survive song which is
+UjziljnN6gM-00011-00002896-00003254 the theme of how i live my life each day
+UjziljnN6gM-00012-00003255-00003511 so you certainly heard me at least once
+UjziljnN6gM-00013-00003511-00003822 a week if not every single day
+UjziljnN6gM-00014-00003823-00004079 speak to the fact
+UjziljnN6gM-00015-00004079-00004335 that everything happens perfectly even
+UjziljnN6gM-00016-00004336-00004654 the things that we think are completely
+UjziljnN6gM-00017-00004655-00004759 crummy
+UjziljnN6gM-00018-00004760-00004927 nasty awful
+UjziljnN6gM-00019-00004928-00005191 even some of the really horribly
+UjziljnN6gM-00020-00005192-00005406 horrific things
+UjziljnN6gM-00021-00005407-00005622 in the big picture
+UjziljnN6gM-00022-00005623-00005711 of
+UjziljnN6gM-00023-00005712-00006047 our unique existence
+UjziljnN6gM-00024-00006048-00006351 everything does have a place that leads
+UjziljnN6gM-00025-00006352-00006670 us toward our highest good
+UjziljnN6gM-00026-00006672-00006903 i just want to share a little personal
+UjziljnN6gM-00027-00006904-00007310 experience of that with you right now
+UjziljnN6gM-00028-00007311-00007567 you haven't seen me online very much
+UjziljnN6gM-00029-00007568-00007839 because i've been dealing with a health
+UjziljnN6gM-00030-00007840-00007942 issue
+UjziljnN6gM-00031-00007943-00008127 i'm not used to dealing with health
+UjziljnN6gM-00032-00008128-00008503 issues however what's going on is a
+UjziljnN6gM-00033-00008504-00008774 result of an accumulation
+UjziljnN6gM-00034-00008775-00009023 from conditions that happen from brain
+UjziljnN6gM-00035-00009024-00009319 surgery nearly five years ago
+UjziljnN6gM-00036-00009320-00009703 now that's a good reflection
+UjziljnN6gM-00037-00009704-00009783 of
+UjziljnN6gM-00038-00009784-00010055 how life happens when people say well
+UjziljnN6gM-00039-00010056-00010303 it's because i'm old what do you think
+UjziljnN6gM-00040-00010304-00010631 is going to happen as you get older it's
+UjziljnN6gM-00041-00010632-00010895 not because things suddenly fall apart
+UjziljnN6gM-00042-00010896-00011063 it's because
+UjziljnN6gM-00043-00011064-00011183 of how
+UjziljnN6gM-00044-00011184-00011559 you live your life starting
+UjziljnN6gM-00045-00011560-00011806 when you were in your teens in your 20s
+UjziljnN6gM-00046-00011807-00011967 in your 30s
+UjziljnN6gM-00047-00011968-00012310 and there you are in your 60s 70s 80s
+UjziljnN6gM-00048-00012311-00012478 with problems
+UjziljnN6gM-00049-00012479-00012774 that are really reflecting
+UjziljnN6gM-00050-00012775-00013022 merely revealing
+UjziljnN6gM-00051-00013023-00013322 conditions that have been accumulating
+UjziljnN6gM-00052-00013323-00013758 inside you over the years now that's
+UjziljnN6gM-00053-00013759-00014022 what's been happening in my life that
+UjziljnN6gM-00054-00014023-00014335 has caused all these health issues to
+UjziljnN6gM-00055-00014336-00014551 not really suddenly
+UjziljnN6gM-00056-00014552-00014671 appear
+UjziljnN6gM-00057-00014672-00015071 and slow me down on my path
+UjziljnN6gM-00058-00015072-00015279 so things were happening that i was
+UjziljnN6gM-00059-00015280-00015599 aware of but i also wasn't aware of what
+UjziljnN6gM-00060-00015600-00015807 the damage was causing in the big
+UjziljnN6gM-00061-00015808-00015911 picture
+UjziljnN6gM-00062-00015912-00016191 now here's where i am right now there's
+UjziljnN6gM-00063-00016191-00016327 a condition
+UjziljnN6gM-00064-00016328-00016647 that part of the medical community
+UjziljnN6gM-00065-00016648-00016950 sees numbers in the different tests that
+UjziljnN6gM-00066-00016951-00017143 i do they say oh
+UjziljnN6gM-00067-00017144-00017447 xyz is happening and it has to be this
+UjziljnN6gM-00068-00017448-00017630 cause because
+UjziljnN6gM-00069-00017631-00017935 that's what causes x y z to happen
+UjziljnN6gM-00070-00017936-00018047 only
+UjziljnN6gM-00071-00018048-00018286 they can't get it that's to show that x
+UjziljnN6gM-00072-00018287-00018455 y z is happening
+UjziljnN6gM-00073-00018456-00018719 here is a very interesting piece
+UjziljnN6gM-00074-00018720-00018950 the symptoms
+UjziljnN6gM-00075-00018951-00019463 that are part of issue xyz are identical
+UjziljnN6gM-00076-00019464-00019679 to the symptoms
+UjziljnN6gM-00077-00019680-00019886 of a condition has been going with my
+UjziljnN6gM-00078-00019887-00020271 heart that i didn't even know
+UjziljnN6gM-00079-00020272-00020591 were showing me conditions of our heart
+UjziljnN6gM-00080-00020592-00020799 that the doctor i'd been seeing for a
+UjziljnN6gM-00081-00020800-00021078 couple of years didn't even know
+UjziljnN6gM-00082-00021079-00021263 what conditions of something going on
+UjziljnN6gM-00083-00021264-00021630 with my heart okay so condition xyz has
+UjziljnN6gM-00084-00021631-00021863 identical symptoms to what's been going
+UjziljnN6gM-00085-00021864-00022127 on with my heart which are identical
+UjziljnN6gM-00086-00022128-00022286 symptoms
+UjziljnN6gM-00087-00022287-00022471 to the medication
+UjziljnN6gM-00088-00022472-00022783 that the doctors put me on when i was in
+UjziljnN6gM-00089-00022784-00023167 the emergency room and in the hospital
+UjziljnN6gM-00090-00023168-00023414 because what was going on with my heart
+UjziljnN6gM-00091-00023415-00023783 do you get the confusion on my part
+UjziljnN6gM-00092-00023784-00024150 and on the part of the doctors
+UjziljnN6gM-00093-00024151-00024407 it's an accumulation of things
+UjziljnN6gM-00094-00024408-00024614 because the universe wants me
+UjziljnN6gM-00095-00024615-00024750 to wake up
+UjziljnN6gM-00096-00024751-00025022 to some information
+UjziljnN6gM-00097-00025023-00025319 to make some connections between the
+UjziljnN6gM-00098-00025320-00025519 different thoughts and different aspects
+UjziljnN6gM-00099-00025520-00025655 of my
+UjziljnN6gM-00100-00025656-00025758 life
+UjziljnN6gM-00101-00025760-00025934 that i've been missing
+UjziljnN6gM-00102-00025935-00026231 for the last almost five years well
+UjziljnN6gM-00103-00026232-00026502 actually it's more than five years right
+UjziljnN6gM-00104-00026504-00026679 so when i say everything happens
+UjziljnN6gM-00105-00026680-00026895 perfectly the fact that i've been in the
+UjziljnN6gM-00106-00026895-00027270 emergency room twice in the last four or
+UjziljnN6gM-00107-00027272-00027511 five months
+UjziljnN6gM-00108-00027512-00027823 is because the universe was saying yo
+UjziljnN6gM-00109-00027824-00028111 would you please take a closer look
+UjziljnN6gM-00110-00028112-00028390 let's help you when the emergency room
+UjziljnN6gM-00111-00028391-00028543 situation
+UjziljnN6gM-00112-00028544-00028790 didn't hold my path
+UjziljnN6gM-00113-00028791-00029127 the universe went
+UjziljnN6gM-00114-00029127-00029358 when that emergency room situation
+UjziljnN6gM-00115-00029360-00029455 didn't
+UjziljnN6gM-00116-00029456-00029783 make my path clear the universe very
+UjziljnN6gM-00117-00029783-00029999 kindly and trust me i didn't really
+UjziljnN6gM-00118-00030000-00030214 think it was kind
+UjziljnN6gM-00119-00030216-00030374 because it was pretty painful stuff
+UjziljnN6gM-00120-00030375-00030679 going on pretty darn scary stuff going
+UjziljnN6gM-00121-00030680-00030967 on but the universe was being kind to
+UjziljnN6gM-00122-00030968-00031102 let me know
+UjziljnN6gM-00123-00031103-00031358 there's something i need to pursue
+UjziljnN6gM-00124-00031360-00031631 within me because it's always within and
+UjziljnN6gM-00125-00031632-00031943 it's never about anything or anyone
+UjziljnN6gM-00126-00031944-00032118 outside
+UjziljnN6gM-00127-00032119-00032462 of me
+UjziljnN6gM-00128-00032463-00032711 so when i say everything happens
+UjziljnN6gM-00129-00032712-00032846 perfectly
+UjziljnN6gM-00130-00032847-00033039 i'm speaking
+UjziljnN6gM-00131-00033040-00033246 from a place
+UjziljnN6gM-00132-00033247-00033439 to share with you
+UjziljnN6gM-00133-00033440-00033679 look around in your life
+UjziljnN6gM-00134-00033680-00034118 please stop living unconsciously
+UjziljnN6gM-00135-00034119-00034399 because that's when things can happen
+UjziljnN6gM-00136-00034400-00034655 that you don't like the universe has to
+UjziljnN6gM-00137-00034656-00034871 wake you up
+UjziljnN6gM-00138-00034872-00035095 by bringing you into
+UjziljnN6gM-00139-00035096-00035431 an acute situation and aware situation
+UjziljnN6gM-00140-00035432-00035711 so that you can finally pay attention
+UjziljnN6gM-00141-00035712-00035999 not to where you've been in the past
+UjziljnN6gM-00142-00036000-00036318 but to where you are now not to way you
+UjziljnN6gM-00143-00036319-00036590 react to different incidents in the
+UjziljnN6gM-00144-00036591-00036895 moment because anything outside of you
+UjziljnN6gM-00145-00036896-00037246 has nothing to do with who you are where
+UjziljnN6gM-00146-00037247-00037623 you're going the only way
+UjziljnN6gM-00147-00037624-00037774 to understand that everything happens
+UjziljnN6gM-00148-00037775-00037951 perfectly
+UjziljnN6gM-00149-00037952-00038246 is to go within
+UjziljnN6gM-00150-00038247-00038423 to allow yourself to recognize the
+UjziljnN6gM-00151-00038424-00038823 messages coming at you constantly
+UjziljnN6gM-00152-00038824-00039079 constantly
+UjziljnN6gM-00153-00039080-00039327 in all kinds of media in all kinds of
+UjziljnN6gM-00154-00039328-00039639 ways for all of your senses and
+UjziljnN6gM-00155-00039640-00039830 spiritually
+UjziljnN6gM-00156-00039831-00040046 that are providing your answers
+UjziljnN6gM-00157-00040047-00040246 providing your solutions
+UjziljnN6gM-00158-00040247-00040518 giving you the direction
+UjziljnN6gM-00159-00040519-00040839 do you ever notice the harder you try to
+UjziljnN6gM-00160-00040840-00041046 make something happen
+UjziljnN6gM-00161-00041047-00041711 the harder your life gets to be
+UjziljnN6gM-00162-00041712-00041999 i challenge you to look at your world
+UjziljnN6gM-00163-00042000-00042462 differently to stop trying and instead
+UjziljnN6gM-00164-00042463-00042567 begin
+UjziljnN6gM-00165-00042568-00042846 allowing
+UjziljnN6gM-00166-00042847-00043127 allowing things to come into your
+UjziljnN6gM-00167-00043128-00043446 awareness because they're already there
+UjziljnN6gM-00168-00043447-00043639 and when you stop trying to fit
+UjziljnN6gM-00169-00043640-00043839 everything into a little box
+UjziljnN6gM-00170-00043840-00044087 when you stop trying to give a
+UjziljnN6gM-00171-00044088-00044527 definition or a meaning to an event
+UjziljnN6gM-00172-00044528-00044879 then you're getting out of your own way
+UjziljnN6gM-00173-00044880-00045062 that's when you get to see the gift in
+UjziljnN6gM-00174-00045063-00045262 each moment
+UjziljnN6gM-00175-00045263-00045446 because each moment is
+UjziljnN6gM-00176-00045447-00045735 precious and that's why they call it
+UjziljnN6gM-00177-00045736-00046056 the present
+Uk_gYYetnCu-00001-00005684-00008483 foreign
+Uk_gYYetnCu-00002-00008484-00011283 is
+Uk_gYYetnCu-00003-00011284-00011930 um
+Uk_gYYetnCu-00004-00011931-00014083 [Music]
+Uk_gYYetnCu-00005-00014084-00016883 um
+Uk_gYYetnCu-00006-00016884-00019683 m
+Uk_gYYetnCu-00007-00019684-00021183 um
+Uk_gYYetnCu-00012-00038228-00038528 baja
+UliOseHwoVk-00000-00000032-00000250 hey my people how you doing I hope you
+UliOseHwoVk-00001-00000252-00000407 guys are feeling froggy fresh I have
+UliOseHwoVk-00002-00000408-00001855 something new to share with you guys as
+UliOseHwoVk-00003-00001857-00002063 you can see I have my trailer with me I
+UliOseHwoVk-00004-00002064-00002240 have to pick up my four-wheeler I also
+UliOseHwoVk-00005-00002241-00002417 have to play a guessing game what I mean
+UliOseHwoVk-00006-00002418-00002666 by that is I have three keys here and I
+UliOseHwoVk-00007-00002667-00002833 don't know why I have three keys because
+UliOseHwoVk-00008-00002834-00003025 there's only two machines in the family
+UliOseHwoVk-00009-00003026-00003304 so not really sure I'm pretty sure that
+UliOseHwoVk-00010-00003305-00003503 none of these are extras but hopefully
+UliOseHwoVk-00011-00003504-00003613 one of them work
+UliOseHwoVk-00012-00003614-00003767 my money's on this one
+UliOseHwoVk-00013-00003768-00006003 [Music]
+UliOseHwoVk-00014-00006004-00006301 good news is we found the right key now
+UliOseHwoVk-00015-00006302-00006550 is correct however I don't think I have
+UliOseHwoVk-00016-00006551-00008500 any gas got a little excited second
+UliOseHwoVk-00017-00008501-00008920 problem is right-side tire the front
+UliOseHwoVk-00018-00008921-00009100 tire is right here that you probably
+UliOseHwoVk-00019-00009101-00009409 can't see it's flat so I need to stop by
+UliOseHwoVk-00020-00009410-00009628 and get some air I think not riding your
+UliOseHwoVk-00021-00009629-00009863 toys at all is worse than beating them
+UliOseHwoVk-00022-00009864-00012066 [Music]
+UliOseHwoVk-00023-00012067-00013632 [Music]
+UliOseHwoVk-00024-00013633-00014008 growing up my grandmother had like 85
+UliOseHwoVk-00025-00014009-00014272 acres maybe 80 acres that we could ride
+UliOseHwoVk-00026-00014272-00014644 our four-wheelers on we consisted of my
+UliOseHwoVk-00027-00014644-00014965 cousin me my brother and my sister we
+UliOseHwoVk-00028-00014966-00015172 had an extremely good time and it was
+UliOseHwoVk-00029-00015172-00015415 even better when my grandmother bought
+UliOseHwoVk-00030-00015416-00015669 an additional like 14 acres bringing her
+UliOseHwoVk-00031-00015670-00015963 to somewhere around 95 100 acres now
+UliOseHwoVk-00032-00015965-00016228 some of it is still not explored and a
+UliOseHwoVk-00033-00016229-00016396 lot of it still doesn't have trails on
+UliOseHwoVk-00034-00016397-00016603 it well I mean it's been explored it
+UliOseHwoVk-00035-00016604-00016800 just doesn't have like actual trails on
+UliOseHwoVk-00036-00016801-00016987 it you kind of just have to go around
+UliOseHwoVk-00037-00016988-00017208 certain spots because it's swampy or
+UliOseHwoVk-00038-00017209-00017572 Tillie or etc I actually made a vlog a
+UliOseHwoVk-00039-00017573-00017706 couple weeks ago but it never was
+UliOseHwoVk-00040-00017707-00018000 uploaded I was on the market for in the
+UliOseHwoVk-00041-00018001-00018235 market for some land that deal never
+UliOseHwoVk-00042-00018236-00018586 went through I then found something else
+UliOseHwoVk-00043-00018587-00018799 no I didn't buy my grandmother's land I
+UliOseHwoVk-00044-00018800-00019050 bought a different 100 acres and that's
+UliOseHwoVk-00045-00019051-00019309 where I currently am however I do not
+UliOseHwoVk-00046-00019310-00019441 know how I'm going to get up the hill
+UliOseHwoVk-00047-00019442-00019690 because it's like on a mountain I don't
+UliOseHwoVk-00048-00019691-00019834 know how I'm going to get up the hill
+UliOseHwoVk-00049-00019835-00020119 with my four-wheelers the first 20 feet
+UliOseHwoVk-00050-00020120-00020990 are going to be
+UliOseHwoVk-00051-00020991-00021299 [Music]
+UliOseHwoVk-00052-00021300-00021748 trial number one on four wheeler is
+UliOseHwoVk-00053-00021749-00022019 there's no road you can see there's some
+UliOseHwoVk-00054-00022020-00022214 sort of road like right there but over
+UliOseHwoVk-00055-00022215-00022679 here left-fin this like I might be able
+UliOseHwoVk-00056-00022680-00022826 to climb a little bit but we're not
+UliOseHwoVk-00057-00022827-00023071 gonna get to here
+UliOseHwoVk-00058-00023072-00024222 [Music]
+UliOseHwoVk-00059-00024223-00024478 we found another dead-end second trail
+UliOseHwoVk-00060-00024479-00024688 to four to dead-end
+UliOseHwoVk-00061-00024689-00024838 there's just a bunch of stuff in the way
+UliOseHwoVk-00062-00024839-00025048 I can't get around that and the woods
+UliOseHwoVk-00063-00025049-00025306 are so thick without my chainsaw I can't
+UliOseHwoVk-00064-00025307-00025513 cut myself a new trail for some reason
+UliOseHwoVk-00065-00025514-00025774 it doesn't want to start so I thought I
+UliOseHwoVk-00066-00025775-00026019 saw one other trail down there however
+UliOseHwoVk-00067-00026020-00026236 and this isn't looking too good
+UliOseHwoVk-00068-00026237-00026380 I'll talk more about this property in
+UliOseHwoVk-00069-00026381-00026632 the video however this is my first time
+UliOseHwoVk-00070-00026633-00026782 with a four-wheeler this is like my
+UliOseHwoVk-00071-00026783-00027001 third time without a four-wheeler it's
+UliOseHwoVk-00072-00027002-00027244 not as easy to climb with a four-wheeler
+UliOseHwoVk-00073-00027245-00027508 as it is with your feet also another
+UliOseHwoVk-00074-00027508-00027688 thing that I'm kind of curious about or
+UliOseHwoVk-00075-00027689-00027892 kind of anxious about is the fact that
+UliOseHwoVk-00076-00027893-00028054 not a lot of people go on this property
+UliOseHwoVk-00077-00028055-00028363 because it's a well the circumstances so
+UliOseHwoVk-00078-00028364-00028654 there's probably a lot of bear here I
+UliOseHwoVk-00079-00028655-00029236 don't have a gun rat on me I'm hoping my
+UliOseHwoVk-00080-00029237-00029431 exhaust keeps the Bears away there and
+UliOseHwoVk-00081-00029432-00029545 my sweat
+UliOseHwoVk-00082-00029547-00030226 [Music]
+UliOseHwoVk-00083-00030227-00030565 it appears that we've reached one two
+UliOseHwoVk-00084-00030566-00030854 three dead ends well we've had our third
+UliOseHwoVk-00085-00030855-00031108 and final dead end I don't know of any
+UliOseHwoVk-00086-00031110-00031321 other roads I've walked on this like I
+UliOseHwoVk-00087-00031322-00031762 said three times so I'm pretty sure I
+UliOseHwoVk-00088-00031763-00031931 haven't experienced those first two
+UliOseHwoVk-00089-00031932-00032164 roads however this third road this is
+UliOseHwoVk-00090-00032166-00032345 the main one that we walked on the first
+UliOseHwoVk-00091-00032345-00032539 time me and my buddies I was hoping that
+UliOseHwoVk-00092-00032541-00032695 there might be a way to get around that
+UliOseHwoVk-00093-00032697-00032954 tree however getting here now and being
+UliOseHwoVk-00094-00032955-00033089 with the four-wheeler there's no way to
+UliOseHwoVk-00095-00033090-00033425 get around that final this this guy he's
+UliOseHwoVk-00096-00033426-00033677 pretty big it's already getting dark in
+UliOseHwoVk-00097-00033678-00033862 my jungle yes I'm going to call the
+UliOseHwoVk-00098-00033863-00034124 jungle because this place is thick and
+UliOseHwoVk-00099-00034125-00034493 it's difficult that's for sure now this
+UliOseHwoVk-00100-00034494-00034706 is how I entered the woods I came up the
+UliOseHwoVk-00101-00034707-00034912 hill right there started climbing the
+UliOseHwoVk-00102-00034913-00035177 mountain the jungle right here and I
+UliOseHwoVk-00103-00035178-00035348 don't want to go down this forwards
+UliOseHwoVk-00104-00035349-00035594 because I think I'm going to flip now I
+UliOseHwoVk-00105-00035595-00035711 should be wearing a helmet
+UliOseHwoVk-00106-00035712-00035968 don't don't listen to what I do or don't
+UliOseHwoVk-00107-00035969-00036179 see what I do and do it I should be
+UliOseHwoVk-00108-00036180-00036412 wearing a helmet I'm just being silly so
+UliOseHwoVk-00109-00036413-00036494 I'm going to turn around my
+UliOseHwoVk-00110-00036495-00036665 four-wheelers and see just the front end
+UliOseHwoVk-00111-00036666-00036806 of it right there I'm gonna turn that
+UliOseHwoVk-00112-00036807-00037034 around back down it and hopefully don't
+UliOseHwoVk-00113-00037035-00039125 flip
+UliOseHwoVk-00114-00039126-00040549 [Music]
+UliOseHwoVk-00115-00040550-00040715 let's figure it out what's wrong with
+UliOseHwoVk-00116-00040716-00040868 the chainsaw have to buy the parts
+UliOseHwoVk-00117-00040869-00040928 tomorrow
+UliOseHwoVk-00118-00040929-00041081 here's one of the parts right here the
+UliOseHwoVk-00119-00041082-00041255 other ones easily accessible once they
+UliOseHwoVk-00120-00041256-00041519 pull this off anyways one random
+UliOseHwoVk-00121-00041520-00041741 question I have is do people still play
+UliOseHwoVk-00122-00041742-00041983 for tonight I've never played personally
+UliOseHwoVk-00123-00041984-00042182 and I was just kind of wondering if
+UliOseHwoVk-00124-00042183-00042383 people are still playing it if you are
+UliOseHwoVk-00125-00042384-00042587 or are not leaving the conversation
+UliOseHwoVk-00126-00042588-00042770 below I'd appreciate it just like that
+UliOseHwoVk-00127-00042771-00042947 it's nighttime I hope you guys enjoyed
+UliOseHwoVk-00128-00042948-00043160 this 3d machines production I'm sorry
+UliOseHwoVk-00129-00043161-00043340 that those trees were down and we
+UliOseHwoVk-00130-00043341-00043481 couldn't explore a little bit more
+UliOseHwoVk-00131-00043482-00043820 however it'll give you something to look
+UliOseHwoVk-00132-00043821-00043893 forward
+UliOseHwoVk-00133-00043894-00044052 I hope you guys enjoy the rest of your
+UliOseHwoVk-00134-00044053-00044178 day night
+UliOseHwoVk-00135-00044179-00044463 Steve froggy fresh states replied don't
+UliOseHwoVk-00136-00044464-00044742 forget be a machine or machine freak see
+UliOseHwoVk-00137-00044743-00044787 you later
+UliOseHwoVk-00138-00044788-00045104 now you got to go check for ticks
+UliOseHwoVk-00139-00045105-00045272 seriously
+UliOseHwoVk-00140-00045273-00046666 [Music]
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00000-00000009-00000135 [Music]
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00001-00000136-00000399 hello it's another teaching tip with me
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00002-00000400-00000663 sally khadgar welcome back
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00003-00000664-00000950 we're continuing our theme of repertoire
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00004-00000951-00001166 rich and
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00005-00001167-00001366 i had a really good question as a result
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00006-00001367-00001647 of last week's um facebook live which
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00007-00001648-00001871 was from laura laura budget thank you so
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00008-00001872-00002102 much laura and she was asking you know
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00009-00002103-00002375 would i have a harder piece for a
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00010-00002376-00002679 student to learn going on longer
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00011-00002680-00002942 alongside these easier pieces and yes
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00012-00002943-00003263 the answer is i can often do that
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00013-00003264-00003470 and i wanted to give you an example so
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00014-00003471-00003654 i've got a young student at the moment
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00015-00003655-00003743 and
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00016-00003744-00003959 he started before christmas and this was
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00017-00003960-00004143 a different teacher he started on this
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00018-00004144-00004502 piece which is um hassler equisayson g
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00019-00004503-00004775 which at the moment is on the abrsm
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00020-00004776-00005047 grade 2 syllabus it is a very popular
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00021-00005048-00005263 piece and that's because it's a great
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00022-00005264-00005503 piece here's here it starts
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00023-00005504-00006470 [Music]
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00024-00006472-00006670 it's just so upbeat and chirpy and
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00025-00006672-00006903 chipper and of course it's it's got lots
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00026-00006904-00007167 and lots of learning points
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00027-00007168-00007295 that
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00028-00007295-00007510 we can we can use
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00029-00007511-00007591 so
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00030-00007592-00007814 if i'm going to get a student to learn
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00031-00007815-00007974 this as part of the
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00032-00007975-00008174 30 40 piece challenge whatever you're
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00033-00008175-00008423 doing then they would know that they're
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00034-00008424-00008639 on a learning journey with this
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00035-00008640-00008951 and the aim would be to get it to 7 out
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00036-00008952-00009303 of 10 as a starting point but then
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00037-00009304-00009559 eventually we'll go on and we'll refine
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00038-00009560-00009719 it further i'm not going to talk about
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00039-00009720-00009935 that today i'm just going to talk about
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00040-00009936-00010119 starting off
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00041-00010120-00010342 learning a piece of music like this that
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00042-00010343-00010438 is
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00043-00010439-00010574 really
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00044-00010575-00010791 where the student is yes it's not going
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00045-00010792-00011006 to be easy for them it's not
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00046-00011007-00011238 so hard that they can't learn it but
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00047-00011239-00011399 they are going to have to spend some
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00048-00011400-00011535 time on it
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00049-00011536-00011703 and i think there's a few key things
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00050-00011704-00011942 that you can do to make learning a piece
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00051-00011943-00012167 easier for a student
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00052-00012168-00012438 and the first thing that i always do is
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00053-00012439-00012807 i give them a discovery sheet i
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00054-00012808-00012966 introduce them to the piece i play it
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00055-00012967-00013111 through to them and i'll tell you more
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00056-00013112-00013543 about that later but um we all have a
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00057-00013544-00013791 general they all have it what we call a
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00058-00013791-00013999 general discovery sheet let me take that
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00059-00014000-00014238 out of the plastic much easier to see
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00060-00014240-00014566 and this is um teachers who are part of
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00061-00014568-00014847 our community the curious piano teachers
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00062-00014847-00014958 community
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00063-00014959-00015191 will uh know that that's available it's
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00064-00015191-00015471 a general discovery sheet and this has
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00065-00015472-00015791 questions like what key is the piece in
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00066-00015791-00015983 clue look at the time signature look at
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00067-00015984-00016199 the key signature in the very last note
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00068-00016200-00016407 what accidentals does the piece happen
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00069-00016408-00016622 that often brings up really interesting
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00070-00016623-00016767 questions
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00071-00016768-00017047 and the idea is to get the student to
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00072-00017048-00017311 look at the music and to find their way
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00073-00017312-00017527 around it themselves you know how many
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00074-00017528-00017727 bars does the piece have really really
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00075-00017728-00017903 easy question but
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00076-00017904-00018230 it's a good one to look at and it then
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00077-00018231-00018430 says so that's the question they have to
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00078-00018431-00018679 write the answer and then which bars are
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00079-00018680-00019127 exactly the same as bar one for example
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00080-00019128-00019463 and in this piece there aren't that many
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00081-00019464-00019750 um that are exactly the same that there
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00082-00019751-00019991 are none but there are two
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00083-00019992-00020150 that are
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00084-00020151-00020335 exactly the same but an octave lower
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00085-00020336-00020639 another interesting point to note
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00086-00020640-00020935 so the discovery sheet might take them a
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00087-00020936-00021111 couple of three weeks to run through
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00088-00021112-00021278 completely
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00089-00021279-00021447 whilst they're doing that though i'll be
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00090-00021448-00021567 trying to
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00091-00021568-00021814 um build up their listening their
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00092-00021815-00022119 ability to hear the piece in their head
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00093-00022120-00022247 because
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00094-00022248-00022478 thinking in sound i'm i'm coming across
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00095-00022479-00022671 this and being reminded of it frequently
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00096-00022672-00022775 at the moment
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00097-00022776-00023071 unless we can think the piece in sound
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00098-00023072-00023286 we cannot play it we certainly can't
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00099-00023287-00023463 play with ease and we certainly can't
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00100-00023464-00023711 play it with fluency and with musicality
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00101-00023712-00023871 so i want the students to be able to
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00102-00023872-00024127 think the piece in sound
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00103-00024128-00024247 they'll still be doing their note
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00104-00024248-00024375 reading because they're doing the
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00105-00024376-00024591 discovery sheet but i need them to be
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00106-00024592-00024767 able to look at that and hear what's
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00107-00024768-00024878 going on
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00108-00024879-00025022 so i'm going to be doing this this
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00109-00025023-00025199 afternoon with this young student that
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00110-00025200-00025535 i've got learning it and he is we're
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00111-00025536-00025718 doing quite a lot of work on the moment
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00112-00025719-00025911 on tonic and dominic
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00113-00025912-00026078 so how would i start with that well
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00114-00026079-00026318 first thing i'll do is get him to play
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00115-00026319-00026518 the scale and at the moment the way
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00116-00026519-00026662 they're playing their scales is with the
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00117-00026663-00026927 long tonic and adding the tonic and the
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00118-00026927-00028722 dominant at the answer like this
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00119-00028723-00029374 [Music]
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00120-00029375-00029646 or they could even then go g
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00121-00029647-00029751 d
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00122-00029752-00029967 g
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00123-00029968-00030207 and the letter names are fine but have
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00124-00030208-00030399 something from the previous one before
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00125-00030400-00030583 that the tonic or the dominant the dough
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00126-00030583-00030902 or the so and ideally all of them
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00127-00030903-00031174 so we've got the idea of the dough so
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00128-00031175-00031390 thomas is a little low there so they
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00129-00031391-00031631 might want to be no
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00130-00031632-00031846 don't far too high for me
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00131-00031847-00031990 and then we're going to play a little
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00132-00031991-00032207 game so i'm going to play through the
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00133-00032208-00032399 piece to them and i'm going to do a
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00134-00032400-00032631 skeleton of the left hand where i'm just
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00135-00032632-00032855 really going to pick out the tonic and
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00136-00032856-00033118 the dominant harmony so this means you
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00137-00033119-00033287 the teacher have to have thought about
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00138-00033288-00033535 that yourself you know most of the piece
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00139-00033536-00033774 is generated from a tonic and dominant
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00140-00033775-00033967 harmony it's one of the things that
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00141-00033968-00034151 makes us like it so much because it's
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00142-00034152-00034318 quite predictable
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00143-00034319-00034662 so um i might say to them um here's the
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00144-00034663-00034935 tonic and here's the dominant when you
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00145-00034936-00035111 hear the tonic
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00146-00035112-00035455 wave at me when you hear the dominant
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00147-00035456-00035623 patch your nose and then back to the
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00148-00035624-00035999 tonic dominant tonic whatever and i'm
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00149-00036000-00036167 going to help them even though i'm just
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00150-00036168-00036343 um playing the piano as well i'll
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00151-00036344-00036551 probably be singing through let's see
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00152-00036552-00036727 i'm not sure so it might sound something
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00153-00036728-00036983 like this oh and we're going to start on
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00154-00036984-00037374 the tonic
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00155-00037375-00037567 why don't you all try it yeah when you
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00156-00037568-00037790 hear the tonic do that when you hear the
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00157-00037791-00038087 dominant do that and then change and
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00158-00038088-00038271 you'll hear i'm missing out a lot of
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00159-00038272-00038567 notes really a lot of notes in the left
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00160-00038568-00038807 hand and i'm just giving you the tonic
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00161-00038808-00040223 and the dominance off we go
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00162-00040224-00040367 i'll do that again because i think i
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00163-00040368-00040583 messed that up i started to fill in far
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00164-00040584-00040743 too many notes
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00165-00040744-00041079 and again starting with a tonic off we
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00166-00041080-00041167 go
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00167-00041168-00042063 tonight
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00168-00042064-00043799 [Music]
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00169-00043800-00043983 you get the idea here it's difficult to
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00170-00043984-00044151 do that think about what i'm doing and
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00171-00044152-00044383 do it live on facebook so you get the
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00172-00044384-00044646 general idea though of what's going on
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00173-00044647-00044911 and in doing that they are building up
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00174-00044912-00045215 in their head their ability to hear the
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00175-00045216-00045446 piece so that when they look at it they
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00176-00045447-00045751 can think it in sound they can hear it
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00177-00045752-00045935 without having to go directly to the
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00178-00045936-00046302 piano because this is the the magnet if
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00179-00046303-00046471 you like that sets up all sorts of
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00180-00046472-00046607 tension
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00181-00046608-00046807 so this is the beginning of the learning
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00182-00046808-00047046 journey for this piece and if you're
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00183-00047047-00047302 interested i'll return again if not next
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00184-00047303-00047527 week then maybe um in subsequent weeks
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00185-00047528-00047727 and tell you a little bit more about the
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00186-00047728-00048039 other ways i could work on the piece
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00187-00048040-00048255 with a student as part of their
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00188-00048256-00048479 repertoire rich challenge
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00189-00048480-00048727 and yet it's a longer process
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00190-00048728-00048902 if you've got any other questions about
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00191-00048903-00049079 repertoire rich
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00192-00049080-00049311 piano studio then drop them in the in
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00193-00049312-00049407 the
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00194-00049408-00049679 notes below comments below even and i'll
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00195-00049680-00049879 see if i can answer them in the meantime
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00196-00049880-00050127 big thanks to laura for asking that one
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00197-00050128-00050318 and happy teaching
+VoDyzlcwyxA-00198-00050319-00050591 see you soon bye