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+ZgP9oUWghnY-00000-00000000-00000214 i gladly share my opinion but i don't
+ZgP9oUWghnY-00001-00000215-00000390 even know what you were asking me no
+ZgP9oUWghnY-00002-00000391-00000623 need to be so humble sir you're hired
+ZgP9oUWghnY-00003-00000624-00000839 how about the apostles here and how
+ZgP9oUWghnY-00004-00000840-00001070 about a miser over there we could put a
+ZgP9oUWghnY-00005-00001071-00001343 batter yes what do you think excellent
+ZgP9oUWghnY-00006-00001344-00001591 yeah that's great guys but can we get
+ZgP9oUWghnY-00007-00001592-00002534 something to eat anything anything
+ZgP9oUWghnY-00008-00002535-00002791 oh my goodness i see we have some nice
+ZgP9oUWghnY-00009-00002792-00002999 gifts yeah i'll make you something to
+ZgP9oUWghnY-00010-00003000-00003238 eat okay as long as it doesn't have
+ZgP9oUWghnY-00011-00003239-00003671 eyeballs in it but then again i'm a good
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00000-00050166-00050545 ladies and gentlemen your Excellencies
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00001-00050546-00050783 distinguished participants and co-chairs
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00002-00050784-00051113 of this meeting please join me in
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00003-00051114-00051413 welcoming his Excellency susilo bambang
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00004-00051414-00051658 yudhoyono president of the Republic of
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00005-00051659-00052655 Indonesia and ASEAN chair 2011
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00006-00052657-00052971 and from the country which has hosted
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00007-00052972-00053216 the summit seven times more than any
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00008-00053217-00053358 other country in the past two decades
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00009-00053359-00053622 we're very pleased to be joined by His
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00010-00053623-00053889 Excellency Li Shan long Prime Minister
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00011-00053890-00054722 of the Republic of Singapore
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00012-00054723-00055044 bapak president on behalf of all of my
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00013-00055045-00055278 colleagues and the representatives from
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00014-00055279-00055566 civil society government and industry at
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00015-00055566-00055791 this meeting I would like to extend our
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00016-00055791-00056091 very sincere and deep appreciation for
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00017-00056091-00056307 your personal commitment to the success
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00018-00056308-00056640 of this year's meeting and to the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00019-00056641-00056847 members of your cabinet who are not only
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00020-00056848-00057090 present today but who have lent their
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00021-00057091-00057305 personal time and that of their
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00022-00057307-00057566 ministries their insights and their
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00023-00057567-00057834 support we wish to express all of our
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00024-00057835-00058079 gratitude for such great collaboration
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00025-00058080-00058437 and now to commence the Proceedings of
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00026-00058438-00058665 the opening ceremony of the world in a
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00027-00058666-00058872 group Economic Forum on East Asia I
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00028-00058873-00059139 invite my executive chairman and the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00029-00059140-00059328 founder of the World Economic Forum
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00030-00059329-00059532 professor Klaus Schwab to chair this
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00031-00059533-00060541 session
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00032-00060542-00060947 your excellency president Yudhoyono
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00033-00060948-00061362 Prime Minister leashing long it's a
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00034-00061363-00061709 great pleasure to be here and welcome to
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00035-00061710-00062160 the 2011 World Economic Forum on East
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00036-00062161-00062594 Asia celebrating our 20th anniversary
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00037-00062595-00063186 and we are convening here six over 600
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00038-00063187-00063411 leaders from business government civil
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00039-00063412-00063926 society media and academia and also seem
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00040-00063927-00064290 responding to the new globalism mr.
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00041-00064291-00064366 president
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00042-00064367-00064974 this team has been influenced by you it
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00043-00064975-00065342 reflects the risks and priority issues
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00044-00065344-00065748 that you raised in your speech in Davos
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00045-00065749-00066086 earlier this year which was entitled
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00046-00066087-00066335 so big shift and the imperative of the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00047-00066336-00066797 21st century globalism the major
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00048-00066798-00067070 strategic shifts you highlighted as new
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00049-00067071-00067436 realities including the rise of the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00050-00067437-00067724 emerging economies adapting to a new
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00051-00067725-00068044 peace and security mindset and
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00052-00068045-00068435 transforming a constancy economy to
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00053-00068436-00068867 low-carbon growth are being explored in
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00054-00068868-00069272 our sessions today and tomorrow we have
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00055-00069273-00069572 four pillars for our program managing
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00056-00069573-00069932 global disruptions ensuring employment
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00057-00069933-00070258 and inclusive goals leading schools a
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00058-00070259-00070682 sustainability and finally new norms for
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00059-00070683-00071099 Asia I want to highlight the importance
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00060-00071100-00071546 to be here in Indonesia you mr.
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00061-00071547-00071990 president you do not represent only CCRC
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00062-00071991-00072407 Republic of Indonesia but also being the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00063-00072408-00072686 chair of ASEAN
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00064-00072687-00073094 you have a wider role to play in the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00065-00073095-00073445 world of today but Indonesia is a
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00066-00073446-00073862 remarkable country if I look for example
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00067-00073863-00074177 at our competitiveness report I have
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00068-00074178-00074699 seen that you are see g20 a a20 economy
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00069-00074700-00075053 which has had so fastest the best
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00070-00075054-00075308 improvements in our global
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00071-00075309-00075767 competitiveness report since 2005 and
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00072-00075768-00076178 let's not forget Indonesia is also so
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00073-00076179-00076519 third fastest growing economy in the g20
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00074-00076520-00076991 just after China and India and finally
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00075-00076992-00077291 article in the world of today I think we
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00076-00077292-00077555 should look also at the great success of
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00077-00077556-00077966 the political transformation social
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00078-00077967-00078263 transformation which has taken place in
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00079-00078264-00078613 your country under your leadership and
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00080-00078614-00079010 it may serve as a very good example for
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00081-00079011-00079361 many countries for a democracy as stable
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00082-00079362-00079436 demo
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00083-00079437-00079778 see with a Muslim majority and a
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00084-00079779-00080148 multi-ethnic multi-religious Society I
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00085-00080149-00080696 should not forget in introducing
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00086-00080697-00081136 Indonesia say young spirit of your
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00087-00081137-00081604 country and one of the figures which
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00088-00081605-00082103 surprised me most is how much connected
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00089-00082104-00082466 your society is for example the number
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00090-00082467-00082772 of Facebook users in Indonesia is the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00091-00082773-00083080 second highest in the world just after
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00092-00083081-00083431 the US and the highest number of tweets
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00093-00083432-00083905 in Asia comes from Indonesia for this
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00094-00083906-00084307 reason we have also decided to integrate
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00095-00084308-00084718 our Facebook community into this meeting
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00096-00084719-00085126 and we have asked them to to use the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00097-00085127-00085496 opportunity and to ask also a question
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00098-00085497-00085990 to the president and actually several
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00099-00085991-00086482 72,000 Facebook fans responding and at
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00100-00086483-00086921 the end of our session today I will ask
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00101-00086922-00087266 you one question which we selected from
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00102-00087267-00087763 the many fold people in the Facebook
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00103-00087764-00088040 community but we can have only one
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00104-00088041-00088243 question but I would like to use this
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00105-00088244-00088565 opportunity to thank all those into
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00106-00088566-00088903 Facebook community which have uses of
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00107-00088904-00089317 opportunity to to be with us at leat at
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00108-00089318-00089823 least virtually Prime Minister listening
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00109-00089824-00090197 as addressed mentioned you were seven
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00110-00090198-00090417 times the host of this East Asia
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00111-00090418-00090896 economic summit you are in some way a co
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00112-00090897-00091180 fossil I am very pleased that you joined
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00113-00091181-00091804 us here at the special celebration of 20
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00114-00091805-00092062 years I also would like to use this
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00115-00092063-00092353 opportunity to congratulate you because
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00116-00092354-00092729 you just have been reelected
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00117-00092730-00093426 Prime Minister
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00118-00093427-00093963 and now mr. president we are delighted
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00119-00093964-00095854 to hear your special opening address
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00120-00095855-00096257 Thank You robust or swab for your kind
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00121-00096258-00096604 introduction
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00122-00096605-00097063 bismillahirrahmanirrahim Salam alaikum
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00123-00097064-00097360 warahmatullahi wabarokatuh
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00124-00097361-00097877 peace be upon us Prime Minister Risha
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00125-00097878-00098264 loo Prime Minister Subedar
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00126-00098265-00098773 bubble professor Klaus Schwab
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00127-00098774-00099296 excellencies ladies and gentlemen let me
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00128-00099297-00099686 begin by expressing a very warm welcome
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00129-00099687-00100082 to Indonesia to all the participants of
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00130-00100083-00100457 the World Economic Forum when I spoke in
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00131-00100458-00100871 Davos last January I drew attention to
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00132-00100872-00101225 the various power shifts sweeping our
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00133-00101226-00101669 world today and call for a 21st century
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00134-00101670-00102032 global isms as a necessary response to
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00135-00102033-00102457 new realities I am glad that you pick up
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00136-00102458-00102752 on the theme of global isms at this
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00137-00102753-00103121 conference a 21st century global ISM
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00138-00103122-00103427 should be different than the 20th
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00139-00103428-00103804 century international isms in our time
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00140-00103805-00104117 globalism should be inclusive rather
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00141-00104118-00104452 than exclusive it should be pragmatic
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00142-00104453-00104849 rather than dogmatic if you it should
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00143-00104850-00105176 unite order then divide it should be
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00144-00105177-00105440 directed at addressing common global
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00145-00105441-00105735 challenges rather than directed at
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00146-00105736-00106111 certain groups of countries it should be
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00147-00106113-00106451 driven by the imperative of cooperation
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00148-00106452-00106733 rather than confrontation by
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00149-00106733-00107141 collaboration rather than conquest Asia
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00150-00107142-00107477 must be at the center of this new
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00151-00107478-00107882 globalism for Asia today is not the same
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00152-00107883-00108360 as Asia tacit let alone centuries ago
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00153-00108361-00108599 modernization development
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00154-00108600-00108905 Pressey open society connectivity these
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00155-00108906-00109193 are all dramatically changing the face
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00156-00109194-00109611 of Asia Asia certainly has the resources
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00157-00109613-00109817 opportunity and most importantly
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00158-00109818-00110090 confidence to shape the international
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00159-00110091-00110477 system the world is not sort of ideas in
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00160-00110478-00110864 fact we have too many of them what we
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00161-00110865-00111232 lack and certainly need is consensus a
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00162-00111233-00111572 global consensus is still missing in the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00163-00111573-00111875 climate debate a consensus is still
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00164-00111876-00112220 missing in the Doha round the consensus
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00165-00112221-00112448 is still missing in reforming global
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00166-00112449-00112730 institution a consensus is still missing
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00167-00112731-00113122 on how to rebalance the global economy
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00168-00113123-00113450 we will need these consensus if we are
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00169-00113451-00113768 to withstand the political strategic and
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00170-00113769-00114056 economic turbulence age which are about
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00171-00114057-00114433 to come our way in the future we are
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00172-00114434-00114767 assuring in a new global era which do
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00173-00114768-00115130 not yet have a name and whose precise
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00174-00115131-00115448 features are only coming to foam there
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00175-00115449-00115766 are still some tension some bushes and
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00176-00115767-00116057 pools between the old world and the new
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00177-00116058-00116417 world which is normal every transition
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00178-00116418-00116709 every transformation takes time and toil
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00179-00116710-00116983 this is something that we in Indonesia
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00180-00116984-00117310 know only too well against the backdrop
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00181-00117311-00117680 of constant chains and against all odds
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00182-00117681-00118019 Indonesia has been rather fortunate to
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00183-00118020-00118346 be where we are now if I am asked what
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00184-00118347-00118622 is the best way to describe Indonesia I
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00185-00118623-00118999 would say this uniquely resilient and
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00186-00119000-00119386 remarkably adaptive Indonesia has
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00187-00119388-00119695 survived many trials and tribulations
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00188-00119696-00119980 financial crisis political instability
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00189-00119981-00120277 riots avian flu
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00190-00120278-00120575 constitutional crisis aetna conflict xi
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00191-00120576-00120851 para pacem terrorist attack and natural
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00192-00120852-00121055 disasters today
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00193-00121056-00121336 Indonesia stand proud as the world third
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00194-00121338-00121666 largest democracy SATA stasis largest
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00195-00121667-00121919 economy an emerging economy with
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00196-00121920-00122059 political
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00197-00122060-00122273 with independent and active foreign
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00198-00122274-00122663 policy and as member of the g20 and as
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00199-00122664-00122986 founding member and this year chairman
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00200-00122988-00123383 of ASEAN I am particularly pleased that
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00201-00123383-00123638 the Indonesia economy is going stronger
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00202-00123639-00123883 of course we still have plenty of
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00203-00123884-00124240 problems relating to poverty inequality
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00204-00124241-00124564 corruption infrastructure and
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00205-00124565-00124883 bureaucratic inefficiency still our
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00206-00124883-00125140 purchasing power parity TTB is
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00207-00125141-00125480 approaching 1 trillion US dollars and we
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00208-00125481-00125750 aim to be in the world's top 10 largest
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00209-00125751-00126160 economy in coming decades we have a
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00210-00126161-00126416 balanced budget win the prudent fiscal
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00211-00126417-00126920 policy our debt to GDP ratio is 26% the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00212-00126921-00127214 lowest in history our trade volume and
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00213-00127215-00127458 foreign reserve are at record high
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00214-00127459-00127742 foreign investment is rising softly in
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00215-00127743-00127997 recent years we have implemented what is
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00216-00127998-00128477 arguably the largest anti-poverty proper
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00217-00128478-00128744 programs and Indonesia's modern history
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00218-00128745-00129040 which is part of our growth with equity
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00219-00129041-00129353 development strategy we have recently
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00220-00129354-00129671 launched a master plan to accelerate and
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00221-00129672-00130036 expand the Unison economy in the next 15
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00222-00130038-00130435 years professor Schwab has asked me to
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00223-00130436-00130781 share with you some lessons from in the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00224-00130782-00131105 nessus transformational story well my
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00225-00131106-00131399 answer would be several things to begin
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00226-00131400-00131705 with during the entire roller coaster
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00227-00131706-00132104 ride we always had fit in and clung to
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00228-00132105-00132331 the essentials of being Indonesia
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00229-00132332-00132683 freedom diversity harmony tolerance
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00230-00132684-00132986 predation and unity without this
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00231-00132987-00133220 essential Indonesia would not be
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00232-00133221-00133607 Indonesia in recent times democracy has
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00233-00133608-00133937 come to be part of our national DNA all
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00234-00133938-00134231 the way to the grassroot even when our
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00235-00134232-00134507 politics and the economy were under tors
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00236-00134508-00134831 we never stopped believing in these
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00237-00134832-00134933 essentials
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00238-00134934-00135247 another reason for our progress is that
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00239-00135248-00135600 despite the sea of uncertainty we will
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00240-00135601-00135897 not we were not shy to change to adapt
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00241-00135898-00136270 and to reinvent Indonesia sure there
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00242-00136271-00136669 were questions doubts anxieties fear but
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00243-00136670-00136945 every turning point the readers and the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00244-00136946-00137202 people made the courageous step forward
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00245-00137203-00137574 time and again in unison did not resist
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00246-00137575-00137925 but child and embraced Chains as a
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00247-00137926-00138359 matter of necessity of course none of
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00248-00138360-00138631 Indonesia's transformation was possible
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00249-00138632-00138958 unless there was a change of mindset in
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00250-00138959-00139160 unison now have a confident attitude
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00251-00139161-00139543 about our country and our place in the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00252-00139544-00139894 world we are no longer stigmatized by
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00253-00139895-00140269 our colonial past and are eager to claim
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00254-00140270-00140547 our place in the global future we are
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00255-00140548-00141019 driven by opportunity not fear I notice
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00256-00141020-00141282 that this newfound confidence is not
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00257-00141283-00141624 particular to Indonesia you can see it
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00258-00141625-00141978 throughout Asia in my heart I do believe
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00259-00141979-00142377 that Asia's moment has come and that a
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00260-00142378-00142749 much brighter future lies ahead but we
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00261-00142750-00143049 cannot take these things for granted let
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00262-00143050-00143328 me suggest our ways by which we can make
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00263-00143329-00143688 Asia the continent of the future first
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00264-00143689-00143973 Asia must be part of the solution to
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00265-00143974-00144297 address the global imbalances the world
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00266-00144298-00144607 economy cannot afford to rely on strong
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00267-00144608-00144958 growth in emerging economies alone we
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00268-00144959-00145231 need healthy growth globally including
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00269-00145232-00145485 in the developed world one way or
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00270-00145486-00145759 another we all need to make structural
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00271-00145760-00145998 adjustment to correct the global
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00272-00145999-00146340 imbalances Asia more than any other
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00273-00146341-00146622 region can help achieve a strong
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00274-00146623-00146971 sustainable and balanced world economy a
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00275-00146972-00147259 CEO must also lead the way to keep
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00276-00147260-00147706 market and societies open second Asia
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00277-00147707-00148009 needs to anticipate and address the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00278-00148010-00148195 growing presence that will come from
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00279-00148196-00148614 food energy and water insecurity of the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00280-00148615-00148664 self
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00281-00148665-00148916 billion people that now inhabit our
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00282-00148917-00148991 planet
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00283-00148992-00149465 60% live in Asia as their economies grow
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00284-00149466-00149732 they will seek and compete for finit
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00285-00149733-00150053 natural resources as pattern that it's
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00286-00150054-00150338 in previous centuries led towards
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00287-00150339-00150608 conquest exploitation and untold
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00288-00150609-00150971 suffering in our time this issues need
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00289-00150972-00151307 not lead to conflict be it in the Mekong
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00290-00151308-00151622 River or in the South China Sea we can
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00291-00151623-00151934 find creative ways to turn potential
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00292-00151935-00152269 conflict into potential cooperation
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00293-00152270-00152492 given the proportion of the population
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00294-00152493-00152822 in Asia and therefore its use of
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00295-00152823-00153179 resources and need for food Asia should
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00296-00153180-00153488 also lead by example in terms of
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00297-00153489-00153908 sustainable growth third Asia must do
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00298-00153909-00154178 all we can to become the center of
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00299-00154179-00154505 global innovation technology more than
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00300-00154506-00154859 ever will be the key driver of change in
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00301-00154860-00155162 the 21st century with all the problems
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00302-00155163-00155489 of poverty marginalization iniquity and
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00303-00155490-00155720 degradation that are still prevalent
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00304-00155721-00156044 throughout Asia technology may well be
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00305-00156045-00156398 the key to resolve them Asia should not
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00306-00156399-00156575 just to try to catch up
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00307-00156576-00156958 it can leapfrog into the future and
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00308-00156959-00157316 these days innovation and technology can
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00309-00157317-00157565 come from anywhere there is a growing
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00310-00157566-00157922 force of innovators and techies from
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00311-00157923-00158129 Bangalore to Bandhan from Singapore to
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00312-00158130-00158393 ascension that can produce homegrown
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00313-00158394-00158801 innovation with global application for
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00314-00158802-00159083 Asia must step into its best emerging
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00315-00159084-00159437 resource the youth the yeasterday are
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00316-00159438-00159752 becoming a generation unlike any other
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00317-00159753-00160028 before term they are much more connected
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00318-00160029-00160546 more open more creative and more active
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00319-00160547-00160844 through the internet and social media
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00320-00160845-00161054 networks such as Facebook and Twitter
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00321-00161055-00161437 the youth are developing sense of trends
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00322-00161438-00161753 generational consciousness a feeling of
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00323-00161754-00161903 mutual empathy and
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00324-00161904-00162188 sher hopes we need to encourage this
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00325-00162189-00162488 letter then resist it the you'd also
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00326-00162489-00162768 feel strong entitlement for their future
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00327-00162769-00163103 and want to be agents of change as we
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00328-00163104-00163340 have seen in the Middle East it is
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00329-00163341-00163577 therefore important for Asian countries
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00330-00163578-00163853 to provide them with the skill and
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00331-00163854-00164106 opportunities so they can become the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00332-00164107-00164354 most dynamic and productive part of
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00333-00164355-00164702 society if this youth grow to be
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00334-00164703-00165029 entrepreneurs innovators and pioneers in
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00335-00165030-00165359 your field the reward the rewards for
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00336-00165360-00165752 Asia will be incalculable finally two
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00337-00165753-00165976 faiths Asia needs to preserve and build
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00338-00165977-00166368 on what is best about Asia a rich
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00339-00166369-00166766 diversity Asia is home to the world
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00340-00166767-00167082 order supply system and religions it is
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00341-00167083-00167418 also the continent with the greatest
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00342-00167419-00167706 number of ethnic groups and Daleks in
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00343-00167707-00168018 the age of globalization it would be
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00344-00168019-00168377 most ironic if Asia were to fall behind
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00345-00168378-00168707 others in creating a peaceful
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00346-00168708-00169061 multicultural world it is fertilized in
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00347-00169062-00169347 our ability to preserve the condition of
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00348-00169348-00169649 culture civilizational I should say of
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00349-00169650-00169947 cultural civilizational and religious
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00350-00169948-00170177 harmony there for centuries and
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00351-00170178-00170409 millennia have been part of the Asian
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00352-00170410-00170856 Way of life ladies and gentlemen if we
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00353-00170857-00171168 can do all this then we shall be able to
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00354-00171169-00171509 claim our time as the Asian century and
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00355-00171510-00171870 we can be sure that Asian century means
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00356-00171871-00172261 the century of progress and peace and
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00357-00172262-00172545 one of the cooperation and collaboration
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00358-00172546-00174180 I thank
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00359-00174181-00174661 thank you very much mr. president your
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00360-00174662-00175006 speech was so comprehensive said it is
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00361-00175007-00175426 difficult to start our discussion how
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00362-00175427-00175714 you your hands or practically all the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00363-00175715-00175965 questions which I had written down
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00364-00175966-00176308 nevertheless and I will start with you
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00365-00176309-00176673 Prime Minister because you have been so
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00366-00176674-00177133 active in this field there are now many
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00367-00177134-00177430 different regional arrangements in East
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00368-00177431-00178008 Asia in Southeast Asia in Asia is this
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00369-00178009-00178321 contributing to a stronger voice of the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00370-00178322-00178672 region or is it having a diluted effect
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00371-00178673-00179146 and I may immediately ask one additional
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00372-00179147-00179479 question how do you maintain in the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00373-00179480-00179868 ASEAN context your identity visibly
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00374-00179869-00180199 China and with your II you see United
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00375-00180200-00180637 States firstly on the multiplicity of
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00376-00180638-00180940 groupings which we belong to ASEAN
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00377-00180941-00181111 itself is of course one important
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00378-00181112-00181378 grouping and we have a cm plus various
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00379-00181379-00181801 other partners plus ones one by one we
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00380-00181802-00182008 have ASEAN plus three which is a
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00381-00182009-00182338 northeastern Asian partners China Japan
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00382-00182339-00182620 and South Korea we belong to the East
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00383-00182621-00182821 Asia Summit which brings in a wider
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00384-00182822-00183061 group with India Australia and New
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00385-00183062-00183388 Zealand and we belong to APEC which
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00386-00183389-00183616 brings in countries the US and countries
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00387-00183617-00183772 on the other side of the Pacific
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00388-00183773-00184114 it's very untidy it's an alphabet soup
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00389-00184115-00184327 it means a lot of meetings and
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00390-00184328-00184726 overlapping but I think overall it's an
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00391-00184727-00185059 organic architecture which is gradually
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00392-00185060-00185365 developing which has helped us to
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00393-00185366-00185557 strengthen our ties with one another
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00394-00185558-00186007 I there's a lot of temptation to try to
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00395-00186008-00186304 make things neater but I think that it's
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00396-00186305-00186649 wiser to accept the anti deenis
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00397-00186650-00186958 - let the organ let the structures
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00398-00186959-00187395 evolve organically over time as a
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00399-00187396-00187677 relationships grow as their cooperation
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00400-00187678-00187965 deepens then the structures will adapt
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00401-00187966-00188248 to suit this cooperation we don't know
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00402-00188249-00188446 what the shape of the future will be
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00403-00188447-00188652 we hope that Asia we believe Asia will
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00404-00188653-00188956 be a big part of the 21st century but
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00405-00188957-00189174 will not be the only part of the story
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00406-00189175-00189484 America remains a very powerful country
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00407-00189485-00189718 Europe has a lot of potential even
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00408-00189719-00189976 though it has difficulties now and we
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00409-00189977-00190116 have to link up with these different
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00410-00190117-00190348 parts of the world and an organic
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00411-00190349-00190594 architecture which can evolve and be
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00412-00190595-00190893 flexible and resilient as part of this
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00413-00190894-00191182 you asked about America and China and
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00414-00191183-00191497 ASEAN well both America and China are
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00415-00191498-00191758 very important partners of ASEAN America
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00416-00191759-00192046 for many many years since second world
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00417-00192047-00192193 war
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00418-00192194-00192427 China increasingly in recent times and
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00419-00192428-00192796 particularly over the last decade or two
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00420-00192797-00192949 we'd like to strengthen our ties with
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00421-00192950-00193159 both of them we like to be friends with
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00422-00193160-00193454 both of them cooperate in many areas and
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00423-00193455-00193834 we see great potential in China's
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00424-00193835-00194149 prosperity and development and it's
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00425-00194150-00194477 extending of its relations all over Asia
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00426-00194478-00194703 potential for trade potential for
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00427-00194704-00195015 tourism potential for investments into
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00428-00195016-00195240 China as well as from China into
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00429-00195241-00195439 different countries in Asia including
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00430-00195440-00195688 the new Indonesian other ASEAN countries
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00431-00195689-00196171 and we hope that this will continue one
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00432-00196172-00196486 thing it depends on that China remains
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00433-00196487-00196779 on good terms with America then it's
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00434-00196780-00196933 easier for us to be friends with both
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00435-00196934-00197509 and long may that continue this gift
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00436-00197510-00197761 assist gives me opportunity mr.
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00437-00197762-00198007 president to take caps a question which
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00438-00198008-00198757 was asked by one person in the social
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00439-00198758-00199023 community into Facebook community and
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00440-00199024-00199422 the question is comes from Iran and
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00441-00199423-00199888 Russia and he writes the president I'm a
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00442-00199889-00199988 Malay
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00443-00199989-00200313 student and I'm a firm believer in a
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00444-00200314-00200571 closer regional integration of ASEAN
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00445-00200572-00200946 countries where do you see as a on 10 to
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00446-00200947-00201600 15 years down the road yes
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00447-00201601-00202281 in my view by 2020 or 2025 10 to 15
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00448-00202282-00202632 years from now ASEAN will be getting
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00449-00202633-00203168 stronger the more cohesive and
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00450-00203169-00204018 economically more integrated under new
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00451-00204019-00204603 Tata we endeavor to be a big community
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00452-00204604-00204957 the ASEAN community that is in essence
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00453-00204958-00205565 an economic community social cultural
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00454-00205566-00205823 community and also political and
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00455-00205825-00206387 security community of course ASEAN is
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00456-00206388-00206673 not the same as European Union but one
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00457-00206673-00207036 thing ASEAN today is more structured
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00458-00207037-00207555 more rules-based more unified and having
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00459-00207556-00208184 better policy co-organizers our
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00460-00208185-00208758 strategic long-term agenda ASEAN want to
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00461-00208759-00209525 be strong a pillar important pillar in
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00462-00209526-00210033 the region the economic pillar ASEAN
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00463-00210034-00210477 want to be playing more important roles
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00464-00210478-00210735 in maintaining peace stability and order
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00465-00210736-00211032 in the region especially in the Pacific
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00466-00211033-00211491 Asia region and of course the spirit is
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00467-00211492-00211928 now as then want to connect our
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00468-00211929-00212232 association with the global community of
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00469-00212233-00212553 nations there is a future of ASEAN in my
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00470-00212554-00212889 view and of course ASEAN must do more we
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00471-00212890-00213231 have to deal with so many challenges in
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00472-00213232-00213294 Denali
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00473-00213294-00213531 as well as externally but I believe very
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00474-00213532-00213729 strongly we are on the right track and
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00475-00213730-00214014 we will be able to achieve our goals and
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00476-00214015-00214304 for the young leaders I am hoping
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00477-00214305-00214817 especially young leaders of ASEAN 10-15
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00478-00214819-00215132 years from now is your time you will
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00479-00215133-00215400 assume better roles and leadership to
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00480-00215401-00215879 continue our endeavor to achieve our
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00481-00215880-00216248 critical to be ASEAN community that is
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00482-00216250-00216600 also contributing to the maintenance of
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00483-00216601-00217073 global peace stability justice and
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00484-00217075-00217235 prosperity that's that's my answer
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00485-00217236-00217623 Thank You Prime Minister I'm a fellow up
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00486-00217623-00218003 this question when you look at Europe
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00487-00218004-00218651 and you compare it with ASEAN or Asian
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00488-00218652-00219138 integration the European Union may have
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00489-00219139-00219317 some difficulties at the moment
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00490-00219319-00219623 bye-bye I am personally optimist so
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00491-00219625-00219998 those difficulties will be overcome but
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00492-00220000-00220401 says sir our shared values underneath so
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00493-00220402-00220694 is a common commitment to certain
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00494-00220696-00220887 principles particularly principles of
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00495-00220888-00221321 democracy which are missing in some of
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00496-00221323-00221708 the as a young countries how do you see
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00497-00221709-00221955 the evolution of the situation I think
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00498-00221956-00222165 ASEAN is in a different situation from
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00499-00222166-00222426 Europe Europe as you say has shares many
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00500-00222427-00222710 more common values amongst the member
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00501-00222711-00222987 countries of the European Union and of
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00502-00222988-00223283 course you are many years ahead of ASEAN
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00503-00223284-00223500 in the work of economic integration you
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00504-00223501-00223808 started after the war and this is 50 60
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00505-00223809-00224123 years worth of effort ASEAN is much more
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00506-00224125-00224421 diverse it's not just political values
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00507-00224421-00224696 but also the histories the cultures
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00508-00224696-00225008 colonial past where we have had
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00509-00225009-00225387 different colonial metropolitan
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00510-00225388-00225630 governments and therefore countries have
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00511-00225631-00225864 developed in different ways but what we
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00512-00225865-00226101 can do is to bring ourselves together
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00513-00226102-00226258 and find common ground
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00514-00226259-00226571 where we can and put aside those areas
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00515-00226571-00226780 where we are different for the future
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00516-00226781-00227042 for another day we know we have to do
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00517-00227042-00227350 this if you look at 2020 or 2030 China
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00518-00227351-00227617 will be a much more developed and
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00519-00227619-00227908 prosperous country even that now India
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00520-00227909-00228046 will also have made considerable
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00521-00228047-00228280 progress and if ASEAN is going to be
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00522-00228281-00228547 part of the story we have to be much
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00523-00228548-00228856 more integrated amongst ourselves and we
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00524-00228857-00229069 have to be much better linked up both
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00525-00229071-00229324 with China and India and also with the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00526-00229325-00229585 rest of the world with America with
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00527-00229586-00229858 Europe with Latin America even Africa
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00528-00229859-00230194 and that's what ASEAN needs to do as
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00529-00230196-00230390 such a strategic imperative in the next
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00530-00230391-00230599 phase because unless the ten countries
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00531-00230600-00230863 of ASEAN can come together effectively
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00532-00230864-00231109 you may have titles you may have
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00533-00231110-00231471 meetings but if you are not a practical
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00534-00231472-00231792 meaningful economic community and
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00535-00231794-00232105 integrated economic community you will
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00536-00232106-00232324 fall off the radar screen and it will be
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00537-00232325-00232541 to be be to the considerable detriment
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00538-00232542-00232777 of our peoples it's very interesting to
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00539-00232778-00233165 compare as a Anand or a Asia and Europe
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00540-00233166-00233438 in this respect after World War Two as
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00541-00233439-00233674 you mentioned we had the development of
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00542-00233675-00234022 a true European identity now the problem
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00543-00234023-00234381 of Europe is in face of problems to
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00544-00234382-00234790 still prioritize the European identity
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00545-00234791-00235129 oversee a oversee national identity and
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00546-00235130-00235592 as I see in Asia it's just different you
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00547-00235592-00236038 are in the process of developing Asian
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00548-00236039-00236374 identity would you would your grievances
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00549-00236375-00236682 I think we are qualitatively different
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00550-00236683-00236974 between France and Germany you fought
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00551-00236975-00237424 wars for many years or centuries but
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00552-00237425-00237622 basically it's one European culture and
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00553-00237623-00237815 after the Second World War
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00554-00237816-00238024 with visionary leaders on both sides
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00555-00238025-00238306 came together and you form the nucleus
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00556-00238307-00238621 of a European community in Asia we have
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00557-00238622-00238865 not fought wars with one another but our
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00558-00238866-00239015 culture's are very different their
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00559-00239016-00239308 religions are different the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00560-00239309-00239560 traditions go back to different great
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00561-00239561-00239875 civilizations Indian civilization the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00562-00239876-00240124 Chinese civilization as well as
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00563-00240125-00240437 influenced from Western civilization the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00564-00240438-00240778 Americans who are colonial power and the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00565-00240779-00241139 Philippines so to come together and to
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00566-00241140-00241447 form one Asian identity I think is
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00567-00241448-00241771 probably one visionary objective beyond
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00568-00241772-00242077 the next one day we may get there but
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00569-00242078-00242368 right now we are focused on practical
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00570-00242369-00242590 cooperation which will yield us a
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00571-00242591-00242935 practical benefits for the members even
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00572-00242936-00243358 if you could say one basic element of
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00573-00243359-00243732 the Asian culture there is Confucius and
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00574-00243733-00244201 if I take you up a plateau and when you
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00575-00244202-00244551 reach the tools are so many similarities
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00576-00244552-00244831 so hopefully we will develop one day
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00577-00244832-00245128 shared values in the world well all the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00578-00245129-00245398 great religions share many common values
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00579-00245399-00245584 but I think they will remain different
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00580-00245585-00245850 great religions for a long time to come
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00581-00245851-00246289 let me let me turn to a more an economic
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00582-00246290-00247017 issue how well if I if if I take our
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00583-00247018-00247423 annual Global Risk report one of the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00584-00247424-00247735 major risks which was identified was a
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00585-00247736-00248020 strong slowdown of the Chinese economy
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00586-00248021-00248503 and a continued increase in currency
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00587-00248504-00248884 volatility particularly giving us a
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00588-00248885-00249133 further devaluation possible devaluation
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00589-00249134-00249547 of the dollar and considering an pect to
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00590-00249548-00249955 it and I may ask first you mr. president
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00591-00249956-00250219 and a prime minister you you have also
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00592-00250220-00250459 you are experienced as head of the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00593-00250460-00250864 monetary board so you certainly are
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00594-00250865-00251194 quite equipped to answer to this
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00595-00251195-00251752 question but mr. president yes in my
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00596-00251753-00252295 view there are many issues to be settled
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00597-00252296-00252634 in our global economy we discuss in
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00598-00252635-00252683 depth in
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00599-00252684-00252941 various forum in the g20 and APEC ASEAN
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00600-00252942-00253442 in many forum of course their
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00601-00253442-00253727 perspective are different we have to
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00602-00253728-00254042 discuss about global economic imbalances
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00603-00254042-00254621 about the use of currency the national
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00604-00254621-00254842 interest versus global and regional
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00605-00254844-00255176 interests so what we have to do is
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00606-00255177-00255788 actually we have to find our common
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00607-00255789-00256408 interests how to overcome the situation
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00608-00256409-00256942 properly how to put a proper balance
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00609-00256944-00257146 between our own interest our national
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00610-00257148-00257480 interest versus other interests and of
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00611-00257481-00257852 course it's not easy sometime we are
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00612-00257853-00258158 talking about for example we discuss
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00613-00258159-00258377 again and again in the g20 forum about
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00614-00258378-00258788 policy coordination what kind of
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00615-00258789-00259154 coordination can rest eclis be achieved
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00616-00259155-00259760 in this connections so in my view what
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00617-00259761-00260333 we need is to continue having dialogue
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00618-00260334-00260881 having not only meeting I mean
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00619-00260882-00261716 cooperation to find realistic and say
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00620-00261717-00262048 achievable solution that can benefit all
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00621-00262050-00262343 I would like to answer any general terms
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00622-00262344-00262676 and disconnections and the spirit is in
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00623-00262677-00263009 my view there are many so there are many
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00624-00263010-00263356 critical questions to address globally
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00625-00263357-00264005 but with our ability to find a proper
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00626-00264006-00264469 balance among all interests is the key
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00627-00264470-00264758 Prime Minister I take up as a question
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00628-00264759-00265100 again and I would formulate it in a
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00629-00265101-00265406 maybe baroque atif way would you welcome
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00630-00265407-00265592 a rise
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00631-00265593-00266222 of all the revaluation or of c1 I think
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00632-00266223-00266765 that's a very sharp question if you put
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00633-00266766-00267083 it like that my answer is no but I would
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00634-00267084-00267332 say that a gradual realignment of
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00635-00267333-00267593 currencies is helpful helpful both for
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00636-00267594-00267770 the overall balance and also helpful for
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00637-00267771-00268058 China itself because it can be part of
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00638-00268059-00268196 the restructuring which has to take
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00639-00268197-00268478 place in China a restructuring to become
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00640-00268479-00268771 less reliance on export-led growth and
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00641-00268772-00269057 to have a greater component of domestic
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00642-00269058-00269261 demand whether it is the investments or
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00643-00269262-00269825 consumption and to have a spreading of
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00644-00269826-00270104 the benefits of growth away from the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00645-00270105-00270362 export sector towards the rest of the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00646-00270363-00270656 economy the domestic workers the farmers
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00647-00270657-00270947 the people inland which would result
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00648-00270948-00271168 with a gradual appreciation of the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00649-00271169-00271466 renminbi I think that this is an
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00650-00271467-00271640 argument which has been made and which
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00651-00271641-00272027 even Chinese economists and scholars
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00652-00272028-00272306 would acknowledge has some weight how to
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00653-00272307-00272483 balance that against the political
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00654-00272484-00272789 difficulty of raising an exchange rate
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00655-00272790-00272978 which will affect the export industry
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00656-00272979-00273239 and therefore risk causing unemployment
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00657-00273240-00273611 which could cause political difficulties
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00658-00273612-00273821 that's something which the Chinese
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00659-00273822-00274127 leadership have to judge and I think
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00660-00274128-00274376 between them and the Americans they will
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00661-00274377-00274679 discuss this very carefully and I think
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00662-00274680-00274859 they have been doing so and from what I
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00663-00274860-00275057 can see they've avoided a collision so
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00664-00275058-00275276 far and hope they continue to make
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00665-00275277-00275345 progress
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00666-00275346-00275690 my fellow OPS's issue is a related
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00667-00275691-00276137 question it seems to be be the case that
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00668-00276138-00276478 some Asian countries are now very much
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00669-00276479-00276866 confronting the challenge of inflation
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00670-00276867-00277370 and economic close yes early what is
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00671-00277371-00277700 your what is your recipe to do
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00672-00277701-00277931 to address this issue well if the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00673-00277932-00278078 Americans put the house in order that
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00674-00278079-00278372 will help a great deal well this is
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00675-00278373-00278582 because global monetary conditions are
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00676-00278583-00278678 abnormal
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00677-00278679-00278888 it's awash with liquidity interest rates
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00678-00278889-00279170 are almost zero and so money is running
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00679-00279171-00279350 around looking for investments and if
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00680-00279351-00279671 you don't trust investing it on Wall
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00681-00279672-00279857 Street in the American stock market then
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00682-00279858-00279987 you look for other investments in
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00683-00279988-00280277 emerging markets and the result is you
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00684-00280278-00280595 get property prices as that prices go up
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00685-00280596-00280812 in the emerging markets which causes
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00686-00280813-00281066 many problems Hong Kong is experiencing
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00687-00281067-00281393 this the Chinese I think have also been
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00688-00281394-00281642 experiencing this Singapore has seen it
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00689-00281643-00281882 too our property market has has seen
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00690-00281883-00282140 very drastic increases over the last two
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00691-00282141-00282593 years to our concern but but it's an
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00692-00282594-00282845 open global economy and you cannot
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00693-00282846-00283079 completely cut yourself off neither is
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00694-00283080-00283268 it easy for any individual country to
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00695-00283269-00283535 solve the problem by itself that's our
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00696-00283536-00283887 dilemma now mr. president in your in
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00697-00283888-00284168 your speech you outlined the importance
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00698-00284169-00284579 of innovation if I look at China China
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00699-00284580-00284894 is turning out at the moment six point
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00700-00284895-00285116 five million graduates as far as I
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00701-00285117-00285440 understand every year moths and half are
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00702-00285441-00285757 around half in technical scientific
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00703-00285758-00286115 areas now what does it mean for the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00704-00286116-00286433 business model of the countries in the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00705-00286434-00286883 region China also based on the 12th
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00706-00286884-00287294 five-year plan shall become a formidable
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00707-00287295-00287637 competitor in innovation based
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00708-00287638-00288050 industries now we'll do you where do you
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00709-00288051-00288374 see the competitiveness of a country
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00710-00288375-00288728 like yours based on all materials based
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00711-00288729-00289019 on production based on innovation or
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00712-00289020-00289289 probably a mix would you like to address
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00713-00289290-00289705 this issue yes I think each country
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00714-00289706-00290387 wants to improve its competitiveness for
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00715-00290388-00290828 Indonesia we are realizing that we
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00716-00290829-00291045 should no we should
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00717-00291046-00291366 only based our economy from the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00718-00291367-00291675 conventional sectors such as our
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00719-00291676-00292074 agriculture our industry our current
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00720-00292075-00292356 services we have to do more to improve
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00721-00292357-00292644 our competitiveness I fully understand
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00722-00292645-00292920 that the role of education is very
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00723-00292921-00293169 important to improve the quality of our
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00724-00293170-00293538 human capital that's why we are also now
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00725-00293539-00294338 working very hard to produce more new
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00726-00294339-00294702 talented workforce in Indonesia we are
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00727-00294703-00294972 improving our education our universities
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00728-00294973-00295532 to be able to compete in in to this
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00729-00295533-00295968 globalization I understand that
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00730-00295969-00296373 countries like India has creped
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00731-00296374-00296748 competitiveness in information
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00732-00296749-00297270 technology in surfaces China does have
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00733-00297271-00297509 the same capable of this beside
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00734-00297510-00297846 manufacturing Indonesia is of course not
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00735-00297847-00298146 only developing its own resources such
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00736-00298147-00298482 as mining industry but we have to ensure
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00737-00298483-00299312 that we could also improve our
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00738-00299313-00299721 technology our know-how our skills our
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00739-00299722-00300162 science and also the innovation
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00740-00300163-00300663 capability we will follow the path of
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00741-00300664-00301023 the successful country in being able to
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00742-00301024-00301292 improve the competitiveness through
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00743-00301293-00301653 improving the quality of their human
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00744-00301654-00302277 capital coming a solution law we in the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00745-00302278-00302649 speech of the president he addressed a
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00746-00302650-00302928 very serious issue of the young young
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00747-00302929-00303342 population but when you run a democracy
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00748-00303343-00303630 or you don't run a democracy but if you
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00749-00303631-00303914 lead in a democracy
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00750-00303915-00304588 I I would I would say this phenomenon of
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00751-00304589-00304898 empowerment of young people and I should
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00752-00304899-00305270 say I mean there were some indication in
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00753-00305271-00305663 your country of dissatisfaction but I
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00754-00305664-00305936 have to add immediately every European
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00755-00305937-00306269 leader would be happy to get more than
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00756-00306270-00306752 60% approval rate in in elections but
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00757-00306753-00307279 how do you integrate this is very
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00758-00307280-00307637 impatient idealism I would say it's it's
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00759-00307638-00307940 usually idealism which you see in the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00760-00307941-00308254 young generation but it's impatient and
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00761-00308255-00308774 it's direct you have to listen to it how
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00762-00308775-00309050 would you see to incorporate this in a
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00763-00309051-00309281 democratic system of decision-making
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00764-00309282-00309518 well this is a challenge which all
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00765-00309519-00309740 countries have to face all societies
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00766-00309741-00310001 have to face because with a social media
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00767-00310002-00310205 with the internet whether it's Facebook
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00768-00310206-00310391 or Twitter and with instant
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00769-00310392-00310814 communications and feedback we have a
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00770-00310815-00310973 completely different generation now
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00771-00310974-00311270 arising they are the future they are the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00772-00311271-00311534 ones whom we hope will take our
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00773-00311535-00311753 societies forward and we hope that we'll
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00774-00311754-00312134 be able to provide them the skills and
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00775-00312135-00312398 the preparation so that they can build a
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00776-00312399-00312557 better life for themselves than we have
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00777-00312558-00313028 had and yet we have to ask how can we
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00778-00313029-00313334 fit in there the expectations that
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00779-00313335-00313787 values habits of thought of a generation
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00780-00313788-00313955 where you communicate instantly and
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00781-00313956-00314111 immediately you know the answers to
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00782-00314112-00314386 questions to a world which has changed
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00783-00314387-00314642 but not changed to such an extent that
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00784-00314643-00314777 you can get everything which you want
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00785-00314778-00315134 immediately want it and that is a
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00786-00315135-00315347 challenge we have to be of that
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00787-00315348-00315506 generation you must have leaders who are
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00788-00315507-00315803 able to talk to them to talk with them
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00789-00315804-00316109 and communicate with the young you have
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00790-00316110-00316319 to be in that media to know how to
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00791-00316320-00316583 operate and Facebook and Twitter and
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00792-00316584-00317051 some of us do some of us not so well
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00793-00317052-00317457 because we didn't grow up with this but
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00794-00317458-00317718 as an institution we have to learn to do
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00795-00317719-00317997 that and we have to learn to be in sync
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00796-00317998-00318231 with that generation so that you can
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00797-00318232-00318405 express those aspirations in a
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00798-00318406-00318792 constructive way and yet as the years
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00799-00318793-00319134 pass as the challenges come and you keep
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00800-00319135-00319488 a new generation as to what in the world
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00801-00319489-00319779 has not yet changed and how they have to
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00802-00319780-00319995 adapt so that we can thrive and prosper
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00803-00319996-00320573 in the 21st century when we look at see
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00804-00320574-00321240 g20 process mr. president you are part
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00805-00321241-00321612 of the g20 process Prime Minister you
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00806-00321613-00322080 are not directly so I may ask both of
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00807-00322081-00322434 you as an insider and a quasi outside of
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00808-00322435-00322791 what do you expect from the g20 and here
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00809-00322792-00323238 I may add one particular question East
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00810-00323239-00323600 Asia is very dependent on certain
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00811-00323601-00323922 agricultural and mineral commodities and
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00812-00323923-00324249 one of the issues for example of on the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00813-00324250-00324822 agenda of CCR 320 is to to see whether a
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00814-00324823-00325131 stronger I would say regulation or
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00815-00325132-00325500 supervision of commodities market is a
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00816-00325501-00326055 market sees needed mr. president yes P
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00817-00326056-00326721 as an insider yes I would like to start
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00818-00326722-00327197 by saying that in my view the g20 can do
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00819-00327198-00327719 several things but cannot do everything
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00820-00327720-00328440 because g20 should not claim that we are
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00821-00328441-00328838 representing all nations even though the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00822-00328839-00329207 structure and the composition is about
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00823-00329208-00329619 okay it's better than for example t78 of
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00824-00329620-00330181 BRICS we in the g20
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00825-00330182-00330626 are representing developed nation
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00826-00330627-00330812 emerging economies as well as developing
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00827-00330813-00331229 nations so actually the forum should be
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00828-00331230-00331754 able to accommodate to identify the real
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00829-00331755-00332063 issue of our economy the global economy
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00830-00332064-00332342 I mean and the g20 should also
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00831-00332343-00332576 understand the interests of all nations
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00832-00332577-00332930 the developed developing and West as
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00833-00332931-00333271 well as emerging countries very
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00834-00333272-00333661 addressing those issues and challenges I
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00835-00333662-00334238 believe that the solution to make by the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00836-00334239-00334658 g20 will be answering to a certain
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00837-00334659-00334898 degree the real issue that we are facing
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00838-00334899-00335378 together in our economy and country like
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00839-00335379-00335632 Indonesia and other developing nation
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00840-00335633-00336002 that are part of the g20 can also
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00841-00336003-00336206 Express the constant interest of
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00842-00336207-00336398 developing nations such as these are
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00843-00336399-00336599 development narrowing gap of the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00844-00336600-00336826 development Financial Inclusion
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00845-00336827-00337192 combating poverty and others so for me
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00846-00337193-00338018 if the g20 continue playing positive
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00847-00338019-00338510 roles by realizing that the g20 must
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00848-00338511-00338816 address all issues that are faced by all
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00849-00338817-00339125 countries in the world so the charity
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00850-00339126-00339365 will be still relevant as a premier
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00851-00339366-00340019 forum for today's global architecture an
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00852-00340020-00340454 economic realm second point you are
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00853-00340455-00340840 mentioning professor Schwab about
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00854-00340841-00341119 tribulation to make in the g20
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00855-00341120-00341461 regulation is needed of course
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00856-00341462-00341777 over-regulated is not good but in my
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00857-00341778-00342211 view markets can go unregulated
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00858-00342212-00342527 appropriate equation is needed to ensure
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00859-00342528-00342803 that we could prevent unnecessary
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00860-00342804-00343031 unnecessary crisis that may happen
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00861-00343032-00343274 because of lack of regulation in our
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00862-00343275-00343391 global economy
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00863-00343392-00343631 so it depends on what kind of recreation
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00864-00343632-00343931 to make but on the one hand if you are
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00865-00343932-00344288 mentioning about the natural resources
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00866-00344289-00344848 food commodities then the ideas is to
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00867-00344849-00345166 ensure that we are still maintaining
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00868-00345167-00345641 open economy open trade and investment
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00869-00345642-00346298 while also protecting other interests of
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00870-00346299-00346772 our I should say our development the the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00871-00346773-00347305 environment etc so regulation is needed
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00872-00347306-00347768 but in my view regulation should not
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00873-00347769-00348080 hinder the efficiency of the market that
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00874-00348081-00348611 other market mechanisms and I should say
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00875-00348612-00348842 are the rules that we need to ensure
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00876-00348843-00349228 that global economy is moving well
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00877-00349229-00349586 getting more getting stronger more
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00878-00349587-00349913 balanced and more sustainable Prime
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00879-00349914-00350225 Minister well I think the g20 is a
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00880-00350226-00350471 practical compromise the world's
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00881-00350472-00350666 problems are complex and interrelated
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00882-00350667-00350905 we're all involved one way or the other
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00883-00350906-00351212 if you have all 200 countries in the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00884-00351213-00351422 world involved in a conference the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00885-00351423-00351524 meeting will never end
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00886-00351525-00351788 on the other hand if you have just a
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00887-00351789-00351968 handful of countries involved settling
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00888-00351969-00352319 things for everybody else the solutions
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00889-00352320-00352568 will not be accepted so somewhere in
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00890-00352569-00352718 between the tool you have to find the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00891-00352719-00352931 right compromise to have the key
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00892-00352932-00353207 participants represented everybody feels
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00893-00353208-00353378 he has a look-in directly or indirectly
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00894-00353379-00353777 and able to reach some consensus as to
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00895-00353778-00354020 the right way forward and the g20 is an
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00896-00354021-00354206 effort to do this is bigger than a g8
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00897-00354207-00354482 and it's much smaller than the whole of
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00898-00354483-00354818 the UN but of course by itself even the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00899-00354819-00355016 g20 cannot solve all the problems so
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00900-00355017-00355214 Singapore is we are not a member of the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00901-00355215-00355493 g20 we attended the last summit in Seoul
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00902-00355494-00355772 and I am content and I've been invited
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00903-00355773-00356163 to attend the next summit in in
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00904-00356164-00356552 in France this year but we have tried to
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00905-00356553-00356892 make ourselves useful by participating
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00906-00356893-00357069 in what we call what is called a global
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00907-00357070-00357366 governance group a group of 20-odd small
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00908-00357367-00357653 countries at the UN who get together
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00909-00357654-00357966 compare notes share our common concerns
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00910-00357967-00358259 and therefore hope thereby by making
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00911-00358260-00358454 common cause to have a more effective
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00912-00358455-00358951 voice in forums like the g20 we are
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00913-00358952-00359408 coming to the end of secession and we
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00914-00359409-00359738 will have a traditional formal opening
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00915-00359739-00360509 shock ceremony but before doing so mr.
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00916-00360510-00360896 president our Minister we have here
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00917-00360897-00361298 quite a number of top business leaders
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00918-00361299-00361757 in the room what would be your message
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00919-00361758-00362051 to those if you look at the next 10
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00920-00362052-00362442 years create employment what what do you
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00921-00362443-00362755 want to tell the business leaders and so
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00922-00362756-00363335 in one or two sentences are you
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00923-00363336-00363596 satisfied with all the business leaders
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00924-00363597-00363887 concerning a social responsibility
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00925-00363888-00364184 inclusiveness yes one or do you have any
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00926-00364185-00364525 I want to say one sentence
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00927-00364526-00365019 we need our collaborations in achieving
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00928-00365020-00365445 better growth in creating more jobs in
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00929-00365446-00365766 in reducing poverty while protecting our
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00930-00365767-00366173 environment by medicine well I think you
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00931-00366174-00366363 are an important part of the solution to
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00932-00366364-00366598 the world's problems so if you can
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00933-00366599-00366918 continue to generate prosperity for your
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00934-00366919-00367153 companies and for your economies and
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00935-00367154-00367403 continue to encourage your governments
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00936-00367404-00367692 to keep your economies open to keep
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00937-00367693-00367928 markets working to keep the event to
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00938-00367929-00368201 help the benefits spread to as wide a
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00939-00368202-00368423 proportion of the population as possible
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00940-00368424-00368756 then I think we can have a stable world
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00941-00368757-00369018 where we can evolve and transform
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00942-00369019-00369240 ourselves quickly and get to a better
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00943-00369241-00369348 tomorrow
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00944-00369349-00369648 otherwise you can have see all the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00945-00369649-00370112 opportunities but something can go wrong
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00946-00370113-00370490 ladies and gentlemen France I would
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00947-00370491-00371022 please join me in thanking president
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00948-00371023-00371091 Yuto
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00949-00371092-00371681 Yano and Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00950-00371682-00372078 for having been part of this opening
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00951-00372079-00372405 session and provided us and having
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00952-00372406-00372669 provided us with some insights in the
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00953-00372670-00373017 present situation and I would like to to
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00954-00373018-00373413 add here one sentence mr. president I
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00955-00373414-00373695 would like to thank you for the great
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00956-00373696-00374082 hospitality we find here we have since
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00957-00374083-00374528 you came to Davos we have enlarged our
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00958-00374529-00374908 ties with and strengthened our ties with
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00959-00374909-00375341 Indonesia and have now quite a strong
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00960-00375342-00375642 contingent of the business community
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00961-00375643-00375982 being part of the World Economic Forum
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00962-00375983-00376263 so it's a great pleasure to be here and
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00963-00376264-00376484 Prime Minister I'm looking forward to
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00964-00376485-00376784 today we are back in Singapore ladies
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00965-00376785-00377049 and gentlemen please join me in
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00966-00377050-00378039 expressing our
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00967-00378040-00378352 you
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00968-00378353-00378782 and now to inaugurate the 20th
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00969-00378783-00378926 anniversary of the World Economic Forum
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00970-00378927-00379271 East Asia together with president of
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00971-00379272-00379625 Indonesia I invite to the stage Mary
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00972-00379626-00379904 Elka pangestu Minister of Trade and Paha
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00973-00379905-00380129 tata dasa the coordinating minister of
+ZiG2Pli_XuM-00974-00380130-00380342 economic affairs for the traditional
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+Zj_g0tA2afu-00003-00000896-00001148 international online popular science
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+-2MMgg_37y4-00000-00000035-00000305 reverse brain drain is a form of brain
+-2MMgg_37y4-00001-00000306-00000499 drain where human capital moves in
+-2MMgg_37y4-00002-00000500-00000701 Reverse from a more developed country to
+-2MMgg_37y4-00003-00000702-00000857 a less developed country that is
+-2MMgg_37y4-00004-00000858-00001133 developing rapidly these migrants may
+-2MMgg_37y4-00005-00001134-00001324 accumulate savings also known as
+-2MMgg_37y4-00006-00001325-00001502 remittances and developed skills
+-2MMgg_37y4-00007-00001503-00001691 overseas that can be used in their home
+-2MMgg_37y4-00008-00001692-00001748 country
+-2MMgg_37y4-00009-00001748-00001942 brain drain can occur when scientists
+-2MMgg_37y4-00010-00001943-00002165 engineers or other intellectual elites
+-2MMgg_37y4-00011-00002166-00002363 migrate to a more developed country to
+-2MMgg_37y4-00012-00002364-00002537 learn in its universities perform
+-2MMgg_37y4-00013-00002538-00002758 research or gain working experience in
+-2MMgg_37y4-00014-00002759-00002939 areas where education and employment
+-2MMgg_37y4-00015-00002940-00003140 opportunities are limited in their home
+-2MMgg_37y4-00016-00003141-00003419 country these professionals then return
+-2MMgg_37y4-00017-00003420-00003584 to their home country after several
+-2MMgg_37y4-00018-00003585-00003788 years of experience to start a related
+-2MMgg_37y4-00019-00003789-00004015 business teaching a university or work
+-2MMgg_37y4-00020-00004017-00004169 for a multinational in their home
+-2MMgg_37y4-00021-00004170-00004475 country their return is this reverse
+-2MMgg_37y4-00022-00004476-00004826 brain drain the occurrence of reverse
+-2MMgg_37y4-00023-00004827-00005045 brain drain mostly depends on the state
+-2MMgg_37y4-00024-00005046-00005216 of the country's development and also
+-2MMgg_37y4-00025-00005217-00005420 strategies and planning over a long
+-2MMgg_37y4-00026-00005421-00005650 period of time to reverse the migration
+-2MMgg_37y4-00027-00005651-00005836 countries that are attractive to
+-2MMgg_37y4-00028-00005837-00006022 returning intelligentsia will naturally
+-2MMgg_37y4-00029-00006023-00006275 develop migration policies to attract
+-2MMgg_37y4-00030-00006276-00006478 foreign academics professionals and
+-2MMgg_37y4-00031-00006479-00006758 executives this would also require these
+-2MMgg_37y4-00032-00006759-00006910 countries to develop an environment
+-2MMgg_37y4-00033-00006911-00007076 which will provide rewarding
+-2MMgg_37y4-00034-00007077-00007223 opportunities for those who have
+-2MMgg_37y4-00035-00007223-00007388 attained the knowledge and skills from
+-2MMgg_37y4-00036-00007389-00007592 overseas in the past many of the
+-2MMgg_37y4-00037-00007593-00007717 immigrants from developing countries
+-2MMgg_37y4-00038-00007718-00007945 chose to work and live permanently in
+-2MMgg_37y4-00039-00007947-00008162 developed countries however the recent
+-2MMgg_37y4-00040-00008163-00008351 economic growth that has been occurring
+-2MMgg_37y4-00041-00008352-00008524 back in their home countries and the
+-2MMgg_37y4-00042-00008525-00008708 difficulty of attaining long-term work
+-2MMgg_37y4-00043-00008709-00008912 visas has caused many of the immigrants
+-2MMgg_37y4-00044-00008913-00009499 to return home
+-2MMgg_37y4-00045-00009500-00010016 topic definition
+-2MMgg_37y4-00046-00010017-00010241 the term reverse brain drawing is
+-2MMgg_37y4-00047-00010242-00010457 closely tied with brain drain and brain
+-2MMgg_37y4-00048-00010458-00010655 game because reverse brain drain is a
+-2MMgg_37y4-00049-00010656-00010889 migratory phenomenon that results due to
+-2MMgg_37y4-00050-00010890-00011060 the brain drain of the intellectual
+-2MMgg_37y4-00051-00011061-00011258 elites from developing countries and is
+-2MMgg_37y4-00052-00011259-00011432 the mirror image of the benefit of an
+-2MMgg_37y4-00053-00011433-00011648 inflow of high-quality human resources
+-2MMgg_37y4-00054-00011649-00011867 which is Brain Gain reverse brain drain
+-2MMgg_37y4-00055-00011868-00012068 is sometimes related to the term brain
+-2MMgg_37y4-00056-00012069-00012251 circulation which is when migrants
+-2MMgg_37y4-00057-00012252-00012439 return to their own country on a regular
+-2MMgg_37y4-00058-00012440-00012674 or occasional basis sharing the benefits
+-2MMgg_37y4-00059-00012675-00012854 of the skills and resources they have
+-2MMgg_37y4-00060-00012855-00013030 acquired while living and working abroad
+-2MMgg_37y4-00061-00013031-00013307 an example of the benefits for the host
+-2MMgg_37y4-00062-00013308-00013493 countries especially developing
+-2MMgg_37y4-00063-00013494-00013634 countries are the payments of
+-2MMgg_37y4-00064-00013635-00013913 remittances this provides a reason for
+-2MMgg_37y4-00065-00013913-00014132 governments to issue new legislation and
+-2MMgg_37y4-00066-00014133-00014300 tax rules that encourage outward
+-2MMgg_37y4-00067-00014301-00014561 migration and remittances however brain
+-2MMgg_37y4-00068-00014562-00014825 circulation is known as the extended
+-2MMgg_37y4-00069-00014826-00015005 definition of brain gain with an
+-2MMgg_37y4-00070-00015006-00015233 emphasis on human capital circulation
+-2MMgg_37y4-00071-00015234-00015425 across nations in the global market
+-2MMgg_37y4-00072-00015426-00015584 benefiting both the sending and
+-2MMgg_37y4-00073-00015585-00015763 receiving nations in addition it is
+-2MMgg_37y4-00074-00015765-00015962 considered a two-way flow of skill
+-2MMgg_37y4-00075-00015963-00016202 capital and technology unlike brain
+-2MMgg_37y4-00076-00016203-00016833 drain and reverse brain drain
+-2MMgg_37y4-00077-00016834-00017333 topic another forum
+-2MMgg_37y4-00078-00017334-00017550 recently there is a different type of
+-2MMgg_37y4-00079-00017551-00017811 reverse brain drain developing this form
+-2MMgg_37y4-00080-00017812-00018005 of reverse brain drain differs from the
+-2MMgg_37y4-00081-00018006-00018228 way it is commonly viewed it is
+-2MMgg_37y4-00082-00018229-00018414 explained by Salman she'd the
+-2MMgg_37y4-00083-00018415-00018608 former Minister of State for corporate
+-2MMgg_37y4-00084-00018609-00018887 and minority affairs in India he states
+-2MMgg_37y4-00085-00018888-00019164 that many second generation Indians are
+-2MMgg_37y4-00086-00019165-00019449 coming back to the country therefore
+-2MMgg_37y4-00087-00019450-00019653 reverse brain drain is no longer limited
+-2MMgg_37y4-00088-00019654-00019872 to the commonly perceived migration from
+-2MMgg_37y4-00089-00019873-00020069 a developed to a developing country by a
+-2MMgg_37y4-00090-00020070-00020358 first-generation individual many of the
+-2MMgg_37y4-00091-00020359-00020583 world's top multinational companies are
+-2MMgg_37y4-00092-00020584-00020778 beginning to send their top Indian minds
+-2MMgg_37y4-00093-00020779-00020946 to head their companies in India and
+-2MMgg_37y4-00094-00020947-00021134 have the idea of reverse brain drain
+-2MMgg_37y4-00095-00021135-00021330 which as so when we lose some we win
+-2MMgg_37y4-00096-00021331-00021891 many back
+-2MMgg_37y4-00097-00021892-00022530 topic enhancing reverse brain drain
+-2MMgg_37y4-00098-00022531-00022758 the countries where reverse brain drain
+-2MMgg_37y4-00099-00022759-00022966 occurs our developing countries or our
+-2MMgg_37y4-00100-00022967-00023080 countries who have suffered a
+-2MMgg_37y4-00101-00023081-00023275 significant impact from the brain drawn
+-2MMgg_37y4-00102-00023276-00023536 from developed countries governments
+-2MMgg_37y4-00103-00023537-00023697 have attempted to reverse the flow of
+-2MMgg_37y4-00104-00023698-00023866 brain drain through implementing new
+-2MMgg_37y4-00105-00023867-00024081 contracts scholarships government
+-2MMgg_37y4-00106-00024082-00024372 policies and several other methods three
+-2MMgg_37y4-00107-00024373-00024564 methods of implementing an enhancing
+-2MMgg_37y4-00108-00024565-00024717 reverse brain drain are through
+-2MMgg_37y4-00109-00024718-00024889 government's retaining their students
+-2MMgg_37y4-00110-00024890-00025114 encouraging students to pursue tertiary
+-2MMgg_37y4-00111-00025115-00025300 studies abroad and promoting them to
+-2MMgg_37y4-00112-00025301-00025509 return and engaging with the diasporas
+-2MMgg_37y4-00113-00025510-00025677 which will encourage expatriates to
+-2MMgg_37y4-00114-00025678-00025902 remit savings act as bridges for foreign
+-2MMgg_37y4-00115-00025903-00026112 investment and trade and facilitate the
+-2MMgg_37y4-00116-00026113-00026358 transfer of skills and knowledge there
+-2MMgg_37y4-00117-00026359-00026524 are several countries that are prime
+-2MMgg_37y4-00118-00026525-00026698 examples of these three methods and
+-2MMgg_37y4-00119-00026699-00027249 several other methods which are
+-2MMgg_37y4-00120-00027250-00027715 topic Asia
+-2MMgg_37y4-00121-00027716-00028033 you
+-2MMgg_37y4-00122-00028035-00028458 topic China
+-2MMgg_37y4-00123-00028460-00028706 China has generally been seen as a
+-2MMgg_37y4-00124-00028707-00028870 developing country and they have been
+-2MMgg_37y4-00125-00028872-00029039 impacted by brain drain through the
+-2MMgg_37y4-00126-00029039-00029237 migration of their talented minds to the
+-2MMgg_37y4-00127-00029238-00029533 developed world what has assisted China
+-2MMgg_37y4-00128-00029535-00029729 in the flow of return migration our
+-2MMgg_37y4-00129-00029730-00029963 central government policies these
+-2MMgg_37y4-00130-00029964-00030173 policies are changes in the domestic
+-2MMgg_37y4-00131-00030174-00030356 environment the freedom to immigrate and
+-2MMgg_37y4-00132-00030357-00030589 emigrate freely political stability and
+-2MMgg_37y4-00133-00030591-00030770 changes in how the government uses
+-2MMgg_37y4-00134-00030770-00031055 people in addition the local government
+-2MMgg_37y4-00135-00031056-00031211 was involved in the enhancement of
+-2MMgg_37y4-00136-00031212-00031418 returned migration by cities rewarding
+-2MMgg_37y4-00137-00031419-00031601 the returnees with large bonuses from
+-2MMgg_37y4-00138-00031602-00031826 their home unit there are also other
+-2MMgg_37y4-00139-00031827-00032018 reasons which encourage the migration
+-2MMgg_37y4-00140-00032019-00032180 back to the home country which were
+-2MMgg_37y4-00141-00032181-00032393 higher social status in China better
+-2MMgg_37y4-00142-00032394-00032590 career opportunities in China and
+-2MMgg_37y4-00143-00032591-00032681 patriotism
+-2MMgg_37y4-00144-00032682-00032849 in addition competition among
+-2MMgg_37y4-00145-00032850-00033062 universities Research Laboratories and
+-2MMgg_37y4-00146-00033063-00033251 enterprises has given the returning
+-2MMgg_37y4-00147-00033252-00033446 intellectual elites excellent incentives
+-2MMgg_37y4-00148-00033447-00033704 for example in the new life science
+-2MMgg_37y4-00149-00033705-00033875 school at Beijing's Tsinghua University
+-2MMgg_37y4-00150-00033876-00034142 they were able to recruit many Chinese
+-2MMgg_37y4-00151-00034143-00034343 scientists who were previously in more
+-2MMgg_37y4-00152-00034344-00034511 developed countries like the United
+-2MMgg_37y4-00153-00034512-00034721 States due to China's booming economy
+-2MMgg_37y4-00154-00034722-00034921 large government investment in research
+-2MMgg_37y4-00155-00034922-00035071 and the chance to build a science
+-2MMgg_37y4-00156-00035072-00035288 program from the ground up besides the
+-2MMgg_37y4-00157-00035289-00035501 government policies and economic reasons
+-2MMgg_37y4-00158-00035502-00035714 for returning to China certain family
+-2MMgg_37y4-00159-00035715-00035896 factors influenced the decision to
+-2MMgg_37y4-00160-00035897-00036044 return some of the reasons where
+-2MMgg_37y4-00161-00036045-00036257 parental views about returning concerns
+-2MMgg_37y4-00162-00036258-00036434 for children and the attitude of one's
+-2MMgg_37y4-00163-00036435-00037008 spouse about returning
+-2MMgg_37y4-00164-00037009-00037454 topic India
+-2MMgg_37y4-00165-00037455-00037655 India is one of the first countries
+-2MMgg_37y4-00166-00037656-00037853 where the phenomenon of reverse brain
+-2MMgg_37y4-00167-00037854-00038153 drain occurred previously India was well
+-2MMgg_37y4-00168-00038154-00038297 known for being the country where
+-2MMgg_37y4-00169-00038298-00038516 numerous information technology students
+-2MMgg_37y4-00170-00038517-00038732 left for America for a better education
+-2MMgg_37y4-00171-00038733-00038999 and greater employment opportunities the
+-2MMgg_37y4-00172-00039000-00039146 turning point was during the dot-com
+-2MMgg_37y4-00173-00039147-00039374 bubble during this period many
+-2MMgg_37y4-00174-00039375-00039581 information technology experts were
+-2MMgg_37y4-00175-00039582-00039764 forced to return to India due to the
+-2MMgg_37y4-00176-00039765-00039938 slump and the loss of jobs in the United
+-2MMgg_37y4-00177-00039939-00040202 States previously the Indian government
+-2MMgg_37y4-00178-00040203-00040373 was unhappy of the occurrence of brain
+-2MMgg_37y4-00179-00040374-00040655 drain tens of thousands of migrants who
+-2MMgg_37y4-00180-00040656-00040796 had initially come to the u.s. for
+-2MMgg_37y4-00181-00040797-00041063 graduate engineering education accepted
+-2MMgg_37y4-00182-00041064-00041279 jobs in Silicon Valley rather than
+-2MMgg_37y4-00183-00041280-00041450 returned to their home countries where
+-2MMgg_37y4-00184-00041451-00041666 professional opportunities were limited
+-2MMgg_37y4-00185-00041667-00041891 besides the dot-com bubble crisis the
+-2MMgg_37y4-00186-00041892-00042038 economic and employment opportunities
+-2MMgg_37y4-00187-00042039-00042317 that existed back home interested many
+-2MMgg_37y4-00188-00042318-00042512 Indian entrepreneurs to improve the
+-2MMgg_37y4-00189-00042513-00042695 economic development in the home country
+-2MMgg_37y4-00190-00042696-00042890 which increased the number of returning
+-2MMgg_37y4-00191-00042891-00043115 intelligentsia stew India in addition
+-2MMgg_37y4-00192-00043116-00043256 other reasons for the returning
+-2MMgg_37y4-00193-00043257-00043439 migration of the Indian high skill
+-2MMgg_37y4-00194-00043440-00043625 workers was due to their desires to
+-2MMgg_37y4-00195-00043626-00043763 return to their roots a more
+-2MMgg_37y4-00196-00043764-00043970 family-oriented lifestyle and also
+-2MMgg_37y4-00197-00043971-00044183 security concerns in the post 9/11
+-2MMgg_37y4-00198-00044184-00044432 period where Indians were discriminated
+-2MMgg_37y4-00199-00044433-00044621 against because they were often mistaken
+-2MMgg_37y4-00200-00044622-00045124 for Arabs
+-2MMgg_37y4-00201-00045125-00045602 topic Pakistan
+-2MMgg_37y4-00202-00045603-00045884 in wake of the September 11th attacks in
+-2MMgg_37y4-00203-00045885-00046217 the financial crisis of 2007 to 2010 a
+-2MMgg_37y4-00204-00046218-00046433 large number of expatriates forming the
+-2MMgg_37y4-00205-00046434-00046625 Pakistani diaspora throughout North
+-2MMgg_37y4-00206-00046626-00046847 America and even Europe began to return
+-2MMgg_37y4-00207-00046848-00047102 to Pakistan many of these returning
+-2MMgg_37y4-00208-00047103-00047297 expatriates tended to have excellent
+-2MMgg_37y4-00209-00047298-00047420 credentials and due to their
+-2MMgg_37y4-00210-00047421-00047606 professional and cultural background
+-2MMgg_37y4-00211-00047607-00047813 were able to easily assimilate and find
+-2MMgg_37y4-00212-00047814-00048017 new job opportunities in the country
+-2MMgg_37y4-00213-00048018-00048272 contributing to an overall reverse brain
+-2MMgg_37y4-00214-00048273-00048605 drain effect one notable example as the
+-2MMgg_37y4-00215-00048606-00048836 media boom in Pakistan which inspired
+-2MMgg_37y4-00216-00048837-00049013 and prompted many overseas pakistanis
+-2MMgg_37y4-00217-00049014-00049244 working in the field of journalism to
+-2MMgg_37y4-00218-00049245-00049397 return to the country and take-up
+-2MMgg_37y4-00219-00049398-00049586 readily available positions in the
+-2MMgg_37y4-00220-00049587-00049763 country's largest press groups and
+-2MMgg_37y4-00221-00049764-00050114 channels today there are over 47,000
+-2MMgg_37y4-00222-00050115-00050342 British nationals in Pakistan many of
+-2MMgg_37y4-00223-00050343-00050537 whom are of Pakistani origin who have
+-2MMgg_37y4-00224-00050538-00050678 returned to contribute to the economic
+-2MMgg_37y4-00225-00050679-00051299 development of the country
+-2MMgg_37y4-00226-00051300-00051786 topic South Korea
+-2MMgg_37y4-00227-00051787-00052038 South Korea's reverse brain drain was
+-2MMgg_37y4-00228-00052039-00052205 different from the social phenomenon
+-2MMgg_37y4-00229-00052207-00052383 because it was based on an organized
+-2MMgg_37y4-00230-00052384-00052592 government effort with various policies
+-2MMgg_37y4-00231-00052594-00052782 in the political support of president
+-2MMgg_37y4-00232-00052783-00053042 Park chung-hee the main features of
+-2MMgg_37y4-00233-00053044-00053253 Korea's reverse brain drain policies
+-2MMgg_37y4-00234-00053254-00053403 were the creation of a conducive
+-2MMgg_37y4-00235-00053404-00053598 domestic environment and the empowerment
+-2MMgg_37y4-00236-00053599-00053847 of returnees besides the policies there
+-2MMgg_37y4-00237-00053848-00054039 are also cultural incentives for the
+-2MMgg_37y4-00238-00054040-00054246 intellectual elites to return home which
+-2MMgg_37y4-00239-00054247-00054420 was the desire to improve Korea's
+-2MMgg_37y4-00240-00054421-00054636 economic conditions and competitiveness
+-2MMgg_37y4-00241-00054637-00054842 the cultural differences between Korea
+-2MMgg_37y4-00242-00054844-00055029 and America and family related
+-2MMgg_37y4-00243-00055029-00055329 responsibilities and concerns many of
+-2MMgg_37y4-00244-00055329-00055521 the students who migrated to the United
+-2MMgg_37y4-00245-00055522-00055754 States to study especially the only son
+-2MMgg_37y4-00246-00055755-00055916 or the eldest of the family felt
+-2MMgg_37y4-00247-00055917-00056094 obligated to return home to be with the
+-2MMgg_37y4-00248-00056095-00056501 family
+-2MMgg_37y4-00249-00056502-00056969 topic Taiwan
+-2MMgg_37y4-00250-00056970-00057257 previously Taiwan had experienced a loss
+-2MMgg_37y4-00251-00057258-00057504 of more than 80% of its students who had
+-2MMgg_37y4-00252-00057504-00057678 completed their graduate study in the
+-2MMgg_37y4-00253-00057679-00057864 United States but the government of the
+-2MMgg_37y4-00254-00057865-00058082 Republic of China Roque responded to
+-2MMgg_37y4-00255-00058083-00058284 this to increase the return migration of
+-2MMgg_37y4-00256-00058285-00058545 the students some of the action taken by
+-2MMgg_37y4-00257-00058546-00058749 the authorities of the Republic of China
+-2MMgg_37y4-00258-00058750-00058914 were the setting up of the National
+-2MMgg_37y4-00259-00058915-00059148 Youth Commission NYC a cabinet-level
+-2MMgg_37y4-00260-00059149-00059304 government office and other
+-2MMgg_37y4-00261-00059304-00059487 organizations to recruit Taiwan's
+-2MMgg_37y4-00262-00059488-00059694 scholars abroad and carry out related
+-2MMgg_37y4-00263-00059695-00060015 programs in addition Taiwan's official
+-2MMgg_37y4-00264-00060016-00060357 policy consists of two sections improve
+-2MMgg_37y4-00265-00060358-00060528 and strengthen the institutions of
+-2MMgg_37y4-00266-00060529-00060779 higher learning at home encourage
+-2MMgg_37y4-00267-00060780-00061113 Taiwan's brain in the United States to
+-2MMgg_37y4-00268-00061114-00061287 ream I great and or contribute their
+-2MMgg_37y4-00269-00061288-00061446 talents and knowledge to Taiwan's
+-2MMgg_37y4-00270-00061447-00061650 national development one reason behind
+-2MMgg_37y4-00271-00061651-00061824 the increased percentage of college
+-2MMgg_37y4-00272-00061825-00062037 students going abroad and the decline of
+-2MMgg_37y4-00273-00062038-00062259 returnees was due to Taiwan's political
+-2MMgg_37y4-00274-00062260-00062460 status and the severed diplomatic ties
+-2MMgg_37y4-00275-00062461-00062729 with the ROC government in 1979 however
+-2MMgg_37y4-00276-00062730-00062946 the percentages of college students
+-2MMgg_37y4-00277-00062947-00063144 study abroad slowly started to increase
+-2MMgg_37y4-00278-00063145-00063450 after the political shock settle the two
+-2MMgg_37y4-00279-00063451-00063639 most cited reasons for returning to
+-2MMgg_37y4-00280-00063640-00063909 Taiwan in 1983 were highly normative
+-2MMgg_37y4-00281-00063910-00064101 pride and strong identification with
+-2MMgg_37y4-00282-00064102-00064299 Taiwan's developmental goal and desire
+-2MMgg_37y4-00283-00064300-00064400 to be in it
+-2MMgg_37y4-00284-00064401-00064629 besides these reasons there were other
+-2MMgg_37y4-00285-00064629-00064826 social and cultural reasons that were
+-2MMgg_37y4-00286-00064827-00065004 given by the returning migrants which
+-2MMgg_37y4-00287-00065004-00065373 were never thought of staying in the US
+-2MMgg_37y4-00288-00065374-00065679 I have wife and children in Taiwan my
+-2MMgg_37y4-00289-00065680-00065958 parents wanted me to come home I was
+-2MMgg_37y4-00290-00065959-00066279 offered an ideal job in Taiwan I could
+-2MMgg_37y4-00291-00066280-00066518 not find an ideal spouse in the u.s. I
+-2MMgg_37y4-00292-00066519-00066827 was discriminated against in the US I
+-2MMgg_37y4-00293-00066828-00067582 could not find a good job in the US
+-2MMgg_37y4-00294-00067583-00068100 topic Latin America
+-2MMgg_37y4-00295-00068101-00068428 you
+-2MMgg_37y4-00296-00068429-00068899 topic Mexico
+-2MMgg_37y4-00297-00068900-00069136 the federal government of Mexico has
+-2MMgg_37y4-00298-00069137-00069330 been implementing public policies were
+-2MMgg_37y4-00299-00069331-00069523 included in the program for the support
+-2MMgg_37y4-00300-00069524-00069685 of science and research which were
+-2MMgg_37y4-00301-00069686-00069847 designed to internationalize the
+-2MMgg_37y4-00302-00069848-00070044 domestic academic market and had the
+-2MMgg_37y4-00303-00070045-00070255 objective to repatriate young Mexican
+-2MMgg_37y4-00304-00070256-00070396 scientists who have obtained a
+-2MMgg_37y4-00305-00070397-00070626 postgraduate degree abroad the result of
+-2MMgg_37y4-00306-00070627-00070816 the repatriation and retention of
+-2MMgg_37y4-00307-00070817-00071173 Mexican researchers from 1991 to 1996
+-2MMgg_37y4-00308-00071174-00071424 and 2002 shows how there is a general
+-2MMgg_37y4-00309-00071425-00071635 increase of more Mexican researchers to
+-2MMgg_37y4-00310-00071636-00071824 return to Mexico and this can be viewed
+-2MMgg_37y4-00311-00071825-00072124 in the table below caret previously
+-2MMgg_37y4-00312-00072125-00072356 known as repatriation and retention
+-2MMgg_37y4-00313-00072357-00072555 although these policies have been
+-2MMgg_37y4-00314-00072556-00072717 assisting in the slow returning
+-2MMgg_37y4-00315-00072718-00072934 migration of young Mexican scientists
+-2MMgg_37y4-00316-00072935-00073135 the policies should be broadened out and
+-2MMgg_37y4-00317-00073136-00073348 not focused exclusively on individual
+-2MMgg_37y4-00318-00073349-00073561 scientists due to the positive outcomes
+-2MMgg_37y4-00319-00073562-00074215 that may result from repatriation
+-2MMgg_37y4-00320-00074216-00074701 topic Africa
+-2MMgg_37y4-00321-00074702-00074962 in Africa instead of the commonly termed
+-2MMgg_37y4-00322-00074963-00075196 brain drawing the term reverse transfer
+-2MMgg_37y4-00323-00075197-00075475 of Technology RTT is used to describe
+-2MMgg_37y4-00324-00075476-00075651 the migration of scientists from
+-2MMgg_37y4-00325-00075652-00075853 developing countries to overseas in
+-2MMgg_37y4-00326-00075854-00076051 order to prevent the loss of the experts
+-2MMgg_37y4-00327-00076052-00076276 Africa has observed the friends and
+-2MMgg_37y4-00328-00076277-00076522 relatives effect which identifies
+-2MMgg_37y4-00329-00076523-00076741 professional societal and personal
+-2MMgg_37y4-00330-00076742-00076876 factors as the three imperatives
+-2MMgg_37y4-00331-00076877-00077092 underlying the decision of African
+-2MMgg_37y4-00332-00077093-00077287 students in the United States to return
+-2MMgg_37y4-00333-00077288-00077532 home in addition the most widespread
+-2MMgg_37y4-00334-00077533-00077785 instrument used by African countries to
+-2MMgg_37y4-00335-00077786-00077980 combat the brain drain as bonding which
+-2MMgg_37y4-00336-00077981-00078199 obligates a graduate to return home for
+-2MMgg_37y4-00337-00078200-00078438 a required period of time before s/he
+-2MMgg_37y4-00338-00078439-00078643 can emigrate or to also have bilateral
+-2MMgg_37y4-00339-00078644-00078805 agreements with developed countries
+-2MMgg_37y4-00340-00078806-00078985 which will require them to return home
+-2MMgg_37y4-00341-00078986-00079237 immediately upon graduation these
+-2MMgg_37y4-00342-00079238-00079399 approaches are influenced from the
+-2MMgg_37y4-00343-00079400-00079609 policies that exist and worked in Asian
+-2MMgg_37y4-00344-00079610-00080167 countries
+-2MMgg_37y4-00345-00080168-00080772 topic associated problems
+-2MMgg_37y4-00346-00080773-00081021 the problem of a reverse brain drain is
+-2MMgg_37y4-00347-00081022-00081248 exacerbated by anxiety in developed
+-2MMgg_37y4-00348-00081249-00081530 countries this is a particular concern
+-2MMgg_37y4-00349-00081531-00081740 in the United States of America where
+-2MMgg_37y4-00350-00081741-00081923 not enough undergraduate students are
+-2MMgg_37y4-00351-00081924-00082079 seeking advanced degrees at the
+-2MMgg_37y4-00352-00082080-00082316 doctorate level this leads to several
+-2MMgg_37y4-00353-00082317-00082430 consequences
+-2MMgg_37y4-00354-00082431-00082653 initially it increases the widespread
+-2MMgg_37y4-00355-00082654-00082821 replacement of native born with
+-2MMgg_37y4-00356-00082822-00082982 foreign-born professionals and academics
+-2MMgg_37y4-00357-00082983-00083234 in the areas of greatest intellectual
+-2MMgg_37y4-00358-00083235-00083421 and economic interest to the developed
+-2MMgg_37y4-00359-00083422-00083657 country this is a problem since
+-2MMgg_37y4-00360-00083658-00083882 foreign-born professional and academics
+-2MMgg_37y4-00361-00083883-00084096 from developing countries such as China
+-2MMgg_37y4-00362-00084097-00084326 or India are increasingly motivated to
+-2MMgg_37y4-00363-00084327-00084494 return to their home countries due to
+-2MMgg_37y4-00364-00084495-00084722 rapid economic growth increasing living
+-2MMgg_37y4-00365-00084723-00084923 standards and increasing opportunities
+-2MMgg_37y4-00366-00084924-00085146 in their home country the reverse
+-2MMgg_37y4-00367-00085147-00085292 migration of the foreign-born
+-2MMgg_37y4-00368-00085293-00085484 professionals and academics leaves
+-2MMgg_37y4-00369-00085485-00085637 developed countries with a lack of
+-2MMgg_37y4-00370-00085638-00085901 intellectual capital this may lead to
+-2MMgg_37y4-00371-00085902-00086090 economic drawbacks in developed
+-2MMgg_37y4-00372-00086091-00086279 countries and diminishing opportunities
+-2MMgg_37y4-00373-00086280-00086585 for native-born professionals statistics
+-2MMgg_37y4-00374-00086586-00086840 show that more than 52% of Silicon
+-2MMgg_37y4-00375-00086841-00087032 Valley startups during the recent tech
+-2MMgg_37y4-00376-00087033-00087191 boom were started by foreign-born
+-2MMgg_37y4-00377-00087192-00087512 entrepreneurs in addition the foreign
+-2MMgg_37y4-00378-00087513-00087755 national researchers have contributed to
+-2MMgg_37y4-00379-00087756-00087984 more than 25 percent of our global
+-2MMgg_37y4-00380-00087985-00088238 patents foreign-born workers comprise
+-2MMgg_37y4-00381-00088239-00088484 almost a quarter of all the u.s. science
+-2MMgg_37y4-00382-00088485-00088802 and engineering workforce and 47% of
+-2MMgg_37y4-00383-00088803-00089024 science and engineering workers who have
+-2MMgg_37y4-00384-00089025-00089453 PhDs furthermore 54% of engineering
+-2MMgg_37y4-00385-00089454-00089640 doctorates went to foreign students who
+-2MMgg_37y4-00386-00089641-00089810 returned to their home country after
+-2MMgg_37y4-00387-00089811-00089990 graduation which disheartens the
+-2MMgg_37y4-00388-00089991-00090188 executives of research and development
+-2MMgg_37y4-00389-00090189-00090811 in the developed countries
+-2MMgg_37y4-00390-00090812-00091367 topic see also
+-2MMgg_37y4-00391-00091368-00091920 international students student migration
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00000-00000017-00000281 from the cube studios in Palo Alto in
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00001-00000282-00000457 Boston connecting with thought leaders
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00002-00000458-00000701 all around the world this is a cube
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00003-00000702-00000910 conversation
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00004-00000911-00001160 hi I'm spoon minimun and welcome to this
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00005-00001161-00001337 cube conversation I'm coming to you from
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00006-00001338-00001547 our Boston area studio and we always
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00007-00001548-00001693 love when we get to talk the
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00008-00001694-00001871 practitioners and not this any
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00009-00001872-00002099 practitioner you know CIOs obviously
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00010-00002100-00002423 under huge pressures in general but in
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00011-00002424-00002602 today's day and age you know lots of
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00012-00002603-00002822 pressures on the CIO the iPad and
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00013-00002823-00003067 welcome to the program rich Daniel he is
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00014-00003068-00003299 the CIO from the city of Amarillo in
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00015-00003300-00003479 excess rich thank you so much for
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00016-00003479-00003704 joining us well and to be here thanks
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00017-00003704-00003959 for inviting me all right so you know is
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00018-00003960-00004306 CIO in a city in fact this one give us a
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00019-00004307-00004466 little bit of you know what your role
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00020-00004467-00004606 entails a little bit of your background
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00021-00004607-00005090 and looking for update so my background
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00022-00005091-00005227 is actually more from the private sector
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00023-00005228-00005581 side of the house previous to coming to
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00024-00005582-00005851 the city of emeralds president of
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00025-00005852-00006043 systems engineering for Palo Alto
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00026-00006044-00006403 Networks for the Americas for that the
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00027-00006404-00006595 global vice president of systems
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00028-00006597-00006878 engineering for at five networks and
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00029-00006879-00007189 before that the director of global
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00030-00007190-00007381 infrastructure for gamestyle
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00031-00007383-00007631 so I stepped in together one with a very
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00032-00007631-00007862 private private sector
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00033-00007863-00008210 profit Center and mindset if you will
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00034-00008211-00008449 coming from very high-growth companies
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00035-00008450-00008899 my role of the city is really to be an
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00036-00008900-00009176 enabler for local government the drive
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00037-00009177-00009434 not only IT direction but as a smaller
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00038-00009435-00009620 community and I also have to wear that
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00039-00009621-00009926 the seaso hat and the data privacy
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00040-00009927-00010285 officer had pretty much anything when it
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00041-00010286-00010748 comes to leadership of IT and technology
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00042-00010749-00011231 is an enabler to the government Wow so
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00043-00011232-00011498 pretty broad mandate that you have there
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00044-00011499-00011806 rich give us a little bit you know how
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00045-00011807-00011971 does that span you know how many
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00046-00011972-00012326 constituents do you have in you your
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00047-00012327-00012578 infrastructure your IT maybe you can
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00048-00012579-00012711 sketch that out a little bit for us -
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00049-00012712-00013082 sure so you know I've had peers from the
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00050-00013083-00013274 private sector asked me what was what's
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00051-00013275-00013377 it like actually
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00052-00013378-00013524 lead in local government and the best
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00053-00013525-00013869 comparison I can come up with is someone
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00054-00013869-00014169 like GE I have 49 different subsidiaries
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00055-00014169-00014385 different departments that operate as
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00056-00014386-00014661 individual business units only I don't
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00057-00014662-00015018 have GES money or their staff we have
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00058-00015019-00015378 200,000 people and our departments we
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00059-00015379-00015660 support span everything from the obvious
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00060-00015661-00015894 like Public Safety police fire we have
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00061-00015894-00016197 an airport a public clinic water
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00062-00016197-00016605 treatment plants Public Health you know
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00063-00016606-00016872 if there are streets all the
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00064-00016873-00017142 infrastructure departments it's very
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00065-00017143-00017649 diverse well and with all of those
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00066-00017650-00017871 constituents that you have why don't you
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00067-00017872-00018167 give us kind of that the free Cove at 19
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00068-00018168-00018465 the discussion first which is you know
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00069-00018466-00018618 what are some of those pressures there
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00070-00018619-00018933 you know from a budgeting standpoint are
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00071-00018934-00019110 there specific and initiatives you've
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00072-00019111-00019416 been driving and you know how are you
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00073-00019417-00019672 responding to you know all those berries
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00074-00019673-00019997 sure what coming in it was a little
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00075-00019998-00020160 jarring city leadership was very
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00076-00020161-00020436 transparent that this that the city had
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00077-00020437-00020658 and sort of Stood Still for about a
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00078-00020659-00020919 decade you know I come from a
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00079-00020920-00021194 high-growth environment where money was
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00080-00021195-00021350 not the precious resource really it was
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00081-00021351-00021531 always time it was about speed to market
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00082-00021532-00021778 how do we how do we get competitive
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00083-00021779-00022019 competitive advantage and move fast
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00084-00022020-00022224 enough to maintain it that was not the
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00085-00022225-00022403 case here I stepped into an environment
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00086-00022404-00022608 where the limitations work at three
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00087-00022609-00022899 cables and switches that still ranked at
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00088-00022900-00023208 OS the year before I came in the big IT
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00089-00023209-00023463 accomplishment was finally completing
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00090-00023464-00023661 the migration to Windows 7 in office
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00091-00023662-00024027 2007 that's where we started over the
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00092-00024028-00024272 past three years I guess I'm starting my
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00093-00024273-00024503 fourth year we've got undergone massive
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00094-00024504-00024912 transformation I think my staff thinks
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00095-00024913-00025100 I'm a bit of a maniac because we've run
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00096-00025101-00025294 like we were being chased by a rabid dog
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00097-00025295-00025719 we have updated obviously the layer 1
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00098-00025720-00025889 infrastructure who replaced the entire
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00099-00025891-00026106 network we've rolled out a new data
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00100-00026107-00026433 center that's all hyper-converged that
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00101-00026433-00026607 enabled us to move our security model
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00102-00026608-00026695 from
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00103-00026695-00027045 traditional layer-3 viral all at the
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00104-00027047-00027487 edge to a contextually based data center
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00105-00027488-00027742 with regulation on east-west traffic and
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00106-00027743-00028189 segregation we we have which rolled out
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00107-00028189-00028605 BDI in office 2016 and windows 10 it's
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00108-00028606-00028995 been a lot yeah really
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00109-00028997-00029239 sounds like you went through you know
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00110-00029239-00029571 multiple generation change there you
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00111-00029572-00029770 know it it's almost like you know going
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00112-00029770-00030049 a decade forward not just want one step
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00113-00030050-00030208 forward bring us through a little bit
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00114-00030208-00030474 that transformation you know obviously
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00115-00030475-00030727 there should be some clear efficiencies
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00116-00030727-00030907 you had but you know give us kind of a
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00117-00030908-00031074 before and after as you started to
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00118-00031075-00031287 deploy some of these technologies was
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00119-00031288-00031429 there's some reefs killing did you hire
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00120-00031430-00031752 some new people how did that all go very
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00121-00031753-00031971 much so and and and like everything it
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00122-00031972-00032262 starts with financials right all of the
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00123-00032263-00032527 resources at the city with NIT were
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00124-00032527-00032773 focused on operations so there was
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00125-00032774-00033145 literally no capital budget as where
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00126-00033146-00033414 we're typically you would update as you
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00127-00033415-00033627 go and update infrastructure what
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00128-00033628-00033840 happened was as the infrastructure age
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00129-00033841-00034093 the approach was hire more staff to try
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00130-00034094-00034258 to keep aging infrastructure up and
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00131-00034259-00034585 running that's a failing strategy so
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00132-00034586-00034906 well by moving to to ACI
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00133-00034907-00035068 we've actually recovered about twenty
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00134-00035069-00035233 six percent of our operating budget
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00135-00035234-00035502 which allowed us to move that money into
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00136-00035503-00035718 innovation and infrastructure updating
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00137-00035719-00036030 it's a tremendous amount of grease going
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00138-00036031-00036258 fortunately the one thing that that's
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00139-00036259-00036460 been I think most surprising to me
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00140-00036461-00036667 coming to local government is the
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00141-00036668-00036915 creativity of the staff they were hungry
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00142-00036916-00037129 for change they were excited by the
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00143-00037130-00037495 opportunity to move things forward so we
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00144-00037496-00037743 spent an entire year doing nothing but
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00145-00037744-00038020 training we had we had a massive amount
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00146-00038021-00038239 of budget for Dan to let's bring the
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00147-00038240-00038431 staff up to speed let's get as many
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00148-00038432-00038637 vendors in front of them as possible
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00149-00038638-00038887 let's let's get them educated on where
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00150-00038888-00039037 you know where that's where the trends
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00151-00039038-00039237 are going what is hyper-converged
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00152-00039238-00039483 architecture and why does it matter what
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00153-00039484-00039754 is DevOps and and why is the industry
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00154-00039755-00039846 heading that way
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00155-00039847-00040081 that was we as I said we started
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00156-00040082-00040345 really where two three established that
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00157-00040346-00040597 don't doubt the new data center and now
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00158-00040598-00040834 our focus is now start we built that
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00159-00040835-00041005 platform and our focus is starting to
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00160-00041006-00041188 shift on to you know business
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00161-00041189-00041311 relationship management
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00162-00041312-00041512 we've met with all 49 departments we do
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00163-00041513-00041674 that every six months where we're
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00164-00041675-00041947 building 49 different roadmaps for every
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00165-00041948-00042154 department on what applications are
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00166-00042155-00042337 using how do we help you modernize I
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00167-00042338-00042628 will help you serve the citizens better
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00168-00042629-00042808 because that's how IT serves the
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00169-00042809-00043021 community we serve the community by
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00170-00043022-00043174 serving the departments that serve them
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00171-00043175-00043378 directly and and being an innovation
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00172-00043379-00043627 engine if you will for local government
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00173-00043628-00043864 to drive through new applications and
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00174-00043865-00044125 and ways to serve so the transition is
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00175-00044126-00044290 really started to happen as we've gotten
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00176-00044291-00044509 that base platform out of the way and
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00177-00044510-00044653 the things that we're blocking us from
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00178-00044654-00045103 saying yes and we can do more oh so rich
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00179-00045104-00045202 you know it's been an interesting
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00180-00045203-00045490 discussion as the global pandemic is it
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00181-00045491-00045736 so many people have talked about boy you
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00182-00045737-00045850 know when I think about working from
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00183-00045851-00046060 home or managing in this environment if
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00184-00046061-00046282 I was using you know 10 or 15 year old
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00185-00046283-00046534 technology I don't know how I'd or if
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00186-00046535-00046753 I'd be able to do any of what I had so
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00187-00046754-00046906 you know I know Dell brought you over
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00188-00046907-00047113 you'd ate the I so believe
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00189-00047114-00047413 you're talking about VX rail as your HDI
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00190-00047414-00047746 platform talk to us about you know what
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00191-00047747-00048085 HCI enabled as you needed to you know
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00192-00048086-00048346 shift to remote workforce and support
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00193-00048347-00048733 that overall you know urgent need it was
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00194-00048734-00048892 it's been massive and it's been
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00195-00048893-00049105 interesting to see the IT team absorb it
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00196-00049106-00049348 you know as we mature and they I think
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00197-00049349-00049513 they embrace the ability to be
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00198-00049514-00049672 innovative and to work with our
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00199-00049673-00049942 departments but this instance really
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00200-00049943-00050371 justified why I was driving progress so
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00201-00050372-00050751 so fervently why it was so urgent today
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00202-00050752-00050989 three years ago we the answer would have
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00203-00050990-00051204 been no there would have been we
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00204-00051205-00051340 wouldn't been in a place where we could
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00205-00051341-00051700 adapt with it with the x-ray all in
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00206-00051701-00051913 place you know in a week we spun up
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00207-00051914-00052260 hundreds of instant phones we spoke us a
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00208-00052261-00052582 seventy-five person call center in a day
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00209-00052583-00052854 and a half for our public health we will
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00210-00052855-00053134 allow multiple applications for Public
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00211-00053135-00053287 Health so they could do remote clinics
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00212-00053288-00053458 it's given us the Flex
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00213-00053459-00053803 ability to be able to to roll out new
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00214-00053804-00054061 solutions very quickly and be very
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00215-00054062-00054325 adaptive and it's not only been apparent
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00216-00054326-00054478 to my team but it's really made an
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00217-00054479-00054679 impact on the business and now what I'm
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00218-00054679-00054979 seeing is those those are my customers
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00219-00054979-00055195 that were a little lagging or a little
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00220-00055196-00055438 conservative or understanding the impact
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00221-00055439-00055666 of modernizing the way they do business
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00222-00055666-00055991 because it makes them adaptable as well
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00223-00055992-00056122 all right
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00224-00056123-00056365 so rich you talk to a bunch about the
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00225-00056366-00056673 the efficiencies that they tie put place
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00226-00056674-00056944 how about that that overall just managed
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00227-00056945-00057121 you know you talked about how fast you
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00228-00057122-00057502 spun up these new VDI instances you need
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00229-00057503-00057717 to be able to do things much simpler so
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00230-00057719-00057874 how does the overall lifecycle
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00231-00057875-00058225 management fit into this discussion it
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00232-00058226-00058387 makes it so much easier and you know in
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00233-00058388-00058687 the in the old environment one it took a
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00234-00058688-00059020 lot of man-hours to make change it was
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00235-00059021-00059461 it was very disruptive when we did make
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00236-00059462-00059902 change this it overburdened I guess
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00237-00059903-00060016 that's the word I'm looking for it
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00238-00060016-00060216 really over overburdened our staff it
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00239-00060217-00060427 cost disruption the business it was it
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00240-00060428-00060688 cost-efficient and then you simple
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00241-00060689-00060867 things like you know I've worked for
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00242-00060869-00061029 multi-billion dollar companies where we
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00243-00061030-00061237 had massive QA environments that
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00244-00061238-00061471 replicated production simply can't
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00245-00061472-00061669 afford that at local government you know
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00246-00061670-00061879 having this sort of environment lets me
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00247-00061879-00062134 do a scaled-down QA environment and
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00248-00062135-00062575 still get the benefit of rolling out non
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00249-00062576-00062880 disruptive change as I said earlier it's
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00250-00062882-00063097 allow us to take all of those cycles
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00251-00063098-00063274 that we were spending on lifecycle
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00252-00063275-00063448 management because it's greatly
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00253-00063449-00063724 simplified and move those resources and
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00254-00063725-00064005 rescale them in other areas where we can
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00255-00064007-00064213 actually have more impact on the
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00256-00064214-00064399 business it's hard to be innovated when
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00257-00064400-00064537 a hundred percent of your cycles are
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00258-00064538-00064882 just keeping the ship afloat well it's
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00259-00064883-00065166 definitely it's a great proof point you
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00260-00065167-00065362 know so often you you know deploy a
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00261-00065363-00065632 solution and when push comes to shove
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00262-00065633-00065848 will it deliver on that value that work
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00263-00065849-00066103 or you know HCI has been around for
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00264-00066104-00066271 quite a while but you know crisis like
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00265-00066272-00066403 this how can you move fast
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00266-00066404-00066616 how can your team respond you know
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00267-00066617-00066831 congratulate your iman that
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00268-00066832-00067141 um the the del team has you know
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00269-00067142-00067299 recently done you know a number of
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00270-00067300-00067632 updates on the VXR l platform I'm
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00271-00067633-00067816 curious as someone that's been using the
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00272-00067817-00067911 platform
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00273-00067912-00068065 you know what particularly is
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00274-00068066-00068274 interesting to you and you know what
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00275-00068275-00068442 pieces of that I have the most relevant
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00276-00068443-00068760 that the organization there are a few so
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00277-00068761-00069003 we're starting to look at our our SCADA
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00278-00069004-00069316 environments industrial controls and
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00279-00069317-00069504 we're looking at some processing at the
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00280-00069505-00069697 edge in those environments so the gnudi
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00281-00069698-00069882 series of organized e series are
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00282-00069883-00070119 interesting there are some environments
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00283-00070120-00070291 where that some plant environments where
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00284-00070292-00070494 that might really make sense to us we've
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00285-00070495-00070696 also partnered with our local counties
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00286-00070697-00071223 and we have a dr site where being able
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00287-00071224-00071418 to extend the network out to that dr
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00288-00071419-00071601 site is going to be very power powerful
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00289-00071602-00071844 for us and then there's just some
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00290-00071845-00072111 improvement since in vSphere that will
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00291-00072112-00072391 allow us to do a little QA if you will
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00292-00072392-00072819 on new code before we roll it out that I
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00293-00072820-00073021 think will have a pretty huge impact for
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00294-00073022-00073190 us as well
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00295-00073191-00073467 excellent so rich you know when you
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00296-00073468-00073644 think about you know that the services
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00297-00073645-00073944 that you need you know deliver to all of
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00298-00073945-00074235 your constituencies you know walk us
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00299-00074236-00074388 through how the the pandemic has
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00300-00074389-00074631 affected the theme how you're making for
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00301-00074632-00074811 that you know your employees are taking
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00302-00074812-00074979 care of but that you can still deliver
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00303-00074980-00075328 all of those services so from an
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00304-00075329-00075600 internal perspective not running a
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00305-00075601-00075807 legacy architecture has made that a
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00306-00075808-00075882 whole lot easier
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00307-00075883-00076246 we've remoted most of the IT team you
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00308-00076247-00076479 know our entire development team is at
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00309-00076480-00076724 home most of our support team is at home
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00310-00076725-00077243 most of the city is is still at home so
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00311-00077244-00077523 being being able to do that one just
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00312-00077524-00077706 having the capability has been huge for
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00313-00077707-00078042 us but also from a business perspective
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00314-00078043-00078363 it's allowed most of our city functions
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00315-00078364-00078750 just to keep running though you know
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00316-00078751-00078888 modified you know
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00317-00078889-00079119 modified services for sure for sure but
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00318-00079120-00079372 but we're still functioning and I just
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00319-00079373-00079503 don't think that would have been capable
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00320-00079504-00079648 three we wouldn't have gave a little
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00321-00079649-00079848 supporting that even two and a half
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00322-00079849-00080154 years ago yeah so so rich we've talked a
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00323-00080155-00080199 bit about
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00324-00080200-00080475 your infrastructure I'm curious is the
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00325-00080476-00080709 city are you leveraging in any public
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00326-00080710-00080997 cloud environments or you know any
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00327-00080998-00081309 specifics a solutions that are enabling
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00328-00081310-00081639 some of what you're doing today also yes
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00329-00081640-00081822 and we could probably have a 30-minute
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00330-00081823-00082044 discussion one what is hybrid cloud and
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00331-00082045-00082362 what is multi cloud but in in in our
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00332-00082363-00082554 instance we are leveraging quite a bit
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00333-00082555-00082734 of sass we've migrated a lot of our
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00334-00082735-00083052 services to sass offerings we have also
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00335-00083053-00083388 we saw several applications in the cloud
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00336-00083389-00083613 I wouldn't call them truly hybrid in my
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00337-00083614-00083823 mind hybrid is I'm able to take a
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00338-00083824-00084000 workload and very seamlessly move it
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00339-00084001-00084435 between my my my private infrastructure
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00340-00084436-00084777 and want you know one or more clouds
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00341-00084778-00085089 this is more for clothes specifically
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00342-00085090-00085479 assigned to the public cloud but yes
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00343-00085480-00085773 we've leveraged that you know simple
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00344-00085774-00086157 things like office 365 and outlook but
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00345-00086158-00086484 just as powerful for us has been VDI and
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00346-00086485-00086831 being able to offer horizon you know to
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00347-00086832-00087327 our our employees at home and with my
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00348-00087328-00087498 other hat on still maintain the
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00349-00087499-00087789 contextual based security right so I
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00350-00087790-00087957 didn't have to open up the kingdom I
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00351-00087958-00088173 could still maintain the control that I
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00352-00088174-00088370 need to to be able to sleep at night
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00353-00088371-00088623 yeah it's interesting you know what one
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00354-00088624-00088785 of the questions I'd love to ask someone
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00355-00088786-00089010 in your position is the the role of data
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00356-00089011-00089286 and how you think of security how you
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00357-00089287-00089493 think of you know the technology and put
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00358-00089494-00089697 those together does it help that you
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00359-00089698-00089904 know you were both he's so hat and the
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00360-00089905-00090141 CIO hat you know how do you think about
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00361-00090142-00090390 you know leveraging data is there there
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00362-00090391-00090564 anything that you're sharing with other
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00363-00090565-00090759 municipalities you know without giving
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00364-00090760-00090936 up you know for personal information
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00365-00090937-00091242 yeah it causes a lot of internal
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00366-00091243-00091455 arguments right because there's the two
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00367-00091456-00091704 halves of my brains that the CIO half
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00368-00091705-00091881 that wants to roll out as much service
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00369-00091882-00092178 as I can and be innovative and the CSO
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00370-00092179-00092340 half of my brain that thinks about the
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00371-00092341-00092541 exposure of the service that that I'm
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00372-00092542-00092886 about to roll out that's part of world
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00373-00092887-00093087 migrating now as we start to look in and
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00374-00093088-00093380 to are really our whole approach to data
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00375-00093381-00093591 we've we've got the Platt
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00376-00093592-00093915 or in place where we worsen am I really
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00377-00093916-00094248 migrating our thinking into revamping
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00378-00094249-00094503 the way we look at data I have seven
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00379-00094504-00094836 sources for the same data how do i
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00380-00094837-00095012 consolidate and have one source of truth
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00381-00095013-00095340 and where is that reside my development
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00382-00095341-00095525 team is really starting to migrate out
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00383-00095526-00095841 of classic development more into the
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00384-00095842-00096165 automation side of the house and how are
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00385-00096166-00096362 we enter interfacing with all our
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00386-00096363-00096624 vendors that's in in review now on how
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00387-00096625-00096900 are we tied to third-party apps yeah
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00388-00096901-00097200 those that's really the point that we're
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00389-00097201-00097376 at and our maturity that now that with
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00390-00097377-00097581 the infrastructures in place we're now
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00391-00097582-00097957 migrating to what is our data plan
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00392-00097958-00098073 excellent
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00393-00098074-00098237 final question I have for you rich just
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00394-00098238-00098421 it would love your thoughts on you know
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00395-00098422-00098706 the changing role of CIO you know I'd
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00396-00098707-00098831 love to discussion you had a beginning
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00397-00098832-00098985 going from really the private sector
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00398-00098986-00099240 public sector you know obviously you
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00399-00099241-00099498 know unique pressures on you know all
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00400-00099499-00099668 businesses right now dealing with the
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00401-00099669-00099918 global endemic tried how do you see the
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00402-00099919-00100098 role of the CIO with today and how is it
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00403-00100099-00100479 from Jane I think there's an expectation
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00404-00100480-00100668 that you bring value to the business
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00405-00100669-00100935 whether that's local government or
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00406-00100936-00101241 retail or or banking I think the
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00407-00101242-00101468 expectation is that you're not just
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00408-00101469-00101685 managing an infrastructure or managing a
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00409-00101686-00101913 team and providing service but how do
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00410-00101914-00102129 you bring actual value to the
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00411-00102130-00102438 organization that you serve and and that
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00412-00102439-00102644 means you have to understand the
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00413-00102645-00102883 business and all aspects of the business
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00414-00102884-00103280 I think you have to as at least I do as
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00415-00103281-00103517 a CIO I have to spend this tremendous
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00416-00103518-00103752 amount of time understanding my internal
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00417-00103753-00103940 customer and what are they trying to
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00418-00103941-00104196 accomplish and often to show them a new
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00419-00104197-00104514 way that they just may not be aware of
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00420-00104515-00104775 so I think there's a little more
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00421-00104776-00105048 expectation as a CIO that you're going
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00422-00105049-00105300 to drive value to whatever business is
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00423-00105301-00105696 that that you're serving rich thank you
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00424-00105697-00105851 so much really enjoyed the conversation
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00425-00105852-00106101 congratulations on you know being able
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00426-00106102-00106361 to react fast so glad that you Viet were
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00427-00106363-00106589 able to get the transformation project
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00428-00106590-00106883 done ahead of this hitting those
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00429-00106884-00106976 otherwise it would have
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00430-00106977-00107123 in a very different conversation thanks
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00431-00107124-00107434 so much regarded thank you
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00432-00107435-00107729 all right I'm Stu minimun stay safe and
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00433-00107730-00108728 thank you for watching you
+-4Z7ul74CQI-00434-00108729-00109040 [Music]
+-5ug5Ok8yRo-00000-00000389-00000701 whoa what is look up up left up left up
+-5ug5Ok8yRo-00001-00000702-00000784 left
+-5ug5Ok8yRo-00002-00000785-00000886 what
+-5ug5Ok8yRo-00003-00000888-00001049 what
+-5ug5Ok8yRo-00004-00001050-00001508 Julian what is that is that a drone
+-73agIBgDU0-00000-00000016-00000199 have you ever wanted to imagine what it
+-73agIBgDU0-00001-00000200-00000407 would be like to play the ranked modes
+-73agIBgDU0-00002-00000408-00000686 but combined cause uh i've gone ahead
+-73agIBgDU0-00003-00000687-00000919 and done that some of these ideas they
+-73agIBgDU0-00004-00000919-00001127 can work some of these ideas are
+-73agIBgDU0-00005-00001128-00001439 terrible and you get to hear all of them
+-73agIBgDU0-00006-00001440-00001647 have you ever wanted to combine splat
+-73agIBgDU0-00007-00001648-00001951 zones with rainmaker i hope so because
+-73agIBgDU0-00008-00001952-00002159 that's one of them we got a bunch of
+-73agIBgDU0-00009-00002160-00002326 different options here and i've gone
+-73agIBgDU0-00010-00002327-00002550 ahead and made three different options
+-73agIBgDU0-00011-00002551-00002823 for every combination possible so let's
+-73agIBgDU0-00012-00002824-00002902 just
+-73agIBgDU0-00013-00002903-00003102 jump right into it let's start with the
+-73agIBgDU0-00014-00003103-00003383 original two modes splat zones and tower
+-73agIBgDU0-00015-00003384-00003783 control how about we take the tower and
+-73agIBgDU0-00016-00003784-00004047 it only moves when the top part is
+-73agIBgDU0-00017-00004047-00004319 painted your color otherwise you can
+-73agIBgDU0-00018-00004320-00004543 stand on it all you want but it's gonna
+-73agIBgDU0-00019-00004544-00004838 go nowhere oh no
+-73agIBgDU0-00020-00004839-00005199 or or what if the tower only moves when
+-73agIBgDU0-00021-00005200-00005454 the path in front of it is painted if
+-73agIBgDU0-00022-00005455-00005638 you want the tower to move forward you
+-73agIBgDU0-00023-00005639-00005838 just gonna have to paint it in advance
+-73agIBgDU0-00024-00005839-00006022 that also means the enemy team could
+-73agIBgDU0-00025-00006023-00006254 stop the tower on a dime from advancing
+-73agIBgDU0-00026-00006255-00006414 just by painting the path in front of it
+-73agIBgDU0-00027-00006415-00006678 with their own ink and finally what if
+-73agIBgDU0-00028-00006679-00007006 the tower could move around but only
+-73agIBgDU0-00029-00007008-00007351 around the perimeter of a splat zone
+-73agIBgDU0-00030-00007352-00007534 the splat zone here doesn't really
+-73agIBgDU0-00031-00007536-00007798 matter too much but it is a speed
+-73agIBgDU0-00032-00007800-00008078 modifier if it matches the team that's
+-73agIBgDU0-00033-00008079-00008295 riding the tower the tower will move
+-73agIBgDU0-00034-00008296-00008542 twice as fast the counter just ticks
+-73agIBgDU0-00035-00008543-00008687 down the longer that you guys are
+-73agIBgDU0-00036-00008688-00008846 standing on the tower since it's not
+-73agIBgDU0-00037-00008847-00009006 likely you could successfully loop
+-73agIBgDU0-00038-00009007-00009199 around the zone without getting knocked
+-73agIBgDU0-00039-00009200-00009495 off but i think it'd be funny now let's
+-73agIBgDU0-00040-00009496-00009727 do a silly one let's look at the first
+-73agIBgDU0-00041-00009728-00009951 mode and the last mode that we got in
+-73agIBgDU0-00042-00009952-00010255 splatoon splat zones and clamplets
+-73agIBgDU0-00043-00010256-00010519 what if we could throw clams onto the
+-73agIBgDU0-00044-00010520-00010767 zone and when they land they're just you
+-73agIBgDU0-00045-00010768-00011071 know automatically consumed by the zone
+-73agIBgDU0-00046-00011072-00011287 never to be seen again bringing down a
+-73agIBgDU0-00047-00011288-00011446 team's point count
+-73agIBgDU0-00048-00011447-00011599 yeah
+-73agIBgDU0-00049-00011600-00011791 the enemy team can throw a power clam
+-73agIBgDU0-00050-00011792-00012006 into the zone to force the count of the
+-73agIBgDU0-00051-00012007-00012303 other team to rise back up though which
+-73agIBgDU0-00052-00012304-00012391 is
+-73agIBgDU0-00053-00012392-00012703 kind of evil now this next one it's just
+-73agIBgDU0-00054-00012704-00012943 regular splat zones but the clans also
+-73agIBgDU0-00055-00012944-00013183 still exist little clams leave a path of
+-73agIBgDU0-00056-00013184-00013358 ink when they're thrown over the zone
+-73agIBgDU0-00057-00013359-00013630 and big clams automatically repaint the
+-73agIBgDU0-00058-00013631-00013919 closest one-third of the zone thereon a
+-73agIBgDU0-00059-00013919-00014111 great way to get close to retaking his
+-73agIBgDU0-00060-00014112-00014358 own lastly you could do regular
+-73agIBgDU0-00061-00014359-00014671 clamblets but let's just say the baskets
+-73agIBgDU0-00062-00014672-00014943 are always open unless the defending
+-73agIBgDU0-00063-00014944-00015191 team has the area under the basket
+-73agIBgDU0-00064-00015191-00015479 painted their color do you sacrifice a
+-73agIBgDU0-00065-00015480-00015671 teammate to stand underneath the basket
+-73agIBgDU0-00066-00015672-00015950 the whole time and just shoot or roll
+-73agIBgDU0-00067-00015951-00016111 over constantly to prevent people from
+-73agIBgDU0-00068-00016112-00016447 scoring i don't know man and no neutral
+-73agIBgDU0-00069-00016448-00016639 does not count as safe so someone's
+-73agIBgDU0-00070-00016640-00016791 really got to be over there painting
+-73agIBgDU0-00071-00016792-00017039 that area girl so nosed when someone
+-73agIBgDU0-00072-00017040-00017222 could flank on over and just start
+-73agIBgDU0-00073-00017223-00017479 chucking clams in i know
+-73agIBgDU0-00074-00017480-00017735 now let's keep the clams but bring in
+-73agIBgDU0-00075-00017736-00017958 tower control these ones are also
+-73agIBgDU0-00076-00017959-00018247 hilariously complicated which is great
+-73agIBgDU0-00077-00018248-00018486 imagine the tower is the equivalent of a
+-73agIBgDU0-00078-00018487-00018767 clam basket it moves from one side of
+-73agIBgDU0-00079-00018768-00019022 the map to the other and either team can
+-73agIBgDU0-00080-00019023-00019222 throw clams into it while it's open
+-73agIBgDU0-00081-00019223-00019479 however the value of each clam thrown in
+-73agIBgDU0-00082-00019480-00019719 this has been lowered for this mode 2
+-73agIBgDU0-00083-00019720-00019935 points per little clam and 15 for a
+-73agIBgDU0-00084-00019936-00020183 power clam the basket will still close
+-73agIBgDU0-00085-00020184-00020350 if not enough clams go in to keep it
+-73agIBgDU0-00086-00020351-00020647 open and a free power clam will spawn
+-73agIBgDU0-00087-00020648-00020927 only for whichever team has a higher
+-73agIBgDU0-00088-00020928-00021119 point count remaining after the clan
+-73agIBgDU0-00089-00021120-00021358 volley is over if we want to keep things
+-73agIBgDU0-00090-00021359-00021607 similar to regular clan blitz though why
+-73agIBgDU0-00091-00021608-00021807 don't we just take the clan basket and
+-73agIBgDU0-00092-00021808-00022094 make it circle around the bases
+-73agIBgDU0-00093-00022095-00022230 players will have to time their pushes
+-73agIBgDU0-00094-00022231-00022375 carefully to make sure they don't show
+-73agIBgDU0-00095-00022376-00022567 up when the basket is at the very far
+-73agIBgDU0-00096-00022568-00022799 end of the enemy base maybe having a
+-73agIBgDU0-00097-00022800-00023014 flanker would be really advantageous for
+-73agIBgDU0-00098-00023015-00023271 this alright alright one more tower
+-73agIBgDU0-00099-00023272-00023503 control but the tower's not gonna move
+-73agIBgDU0-00100-00023504-00023735 from the center of the map for a team
+-73agIBgDU0-00101-00023736-00023958 until 30 points of clams have been
+-73agIBgDU0-00102-00023959-00024239 scored in a clam basket located at the
+-73agIBgDU0-00103-00024240-00024478 center of the map this basket is
+-73agIBgDU0-00104-00024479-00024647 shielded and needs to be opened with
+-73agIBgDU0-00105-00024648-00024886 power clam there are then little tiny
+-73agIBgDU0-00106-00024887-00025167 checkpoint clam baskets that require 30
+-73agIBgDU0-00107-00025168-00025407 more points of clams the progress before
+-73agIBgDU0-00108-00025408-00025678 the tower will continue to move making
+-73agIBgDU0-00109-00025679-00025862 the checkpoints you know actually mean
+-73agIBgDU0-00110-00025863-00026062 something maybe along the way
+-73agIBgDU0-00111-00026063-00026255 and finally when you get to the end
+-73agIBgDU0-00112-00026256-00026487 there is one more basket where you just
+-73agIBgDU0-00113-00026488-00026790 have to deposit 10 points worth of clams
+-73agIBgDU0-00114-00026791-00026958 and then you win
+-73agIBgDU0-00115-00026960-00027183 and no the baskets won't activate until
+-73agIBgDU0-00116-00027183-00027374 you reach the checkpoint meaning that
+-73agIBgDU0-00117-00027375-00027551 teammates can't just run ahead in
+-73agIBgDU0-00118-00027552-00027758 advance to get a quick win later sounds
+-73agIBgDU0-00119-00027760-00027927 like a mess
+-73agIBgDU0-00120-00027927-00028118 or speaking of messes though here's a
+-73agIBgDU0-00121-00028119-00028343 rainmaker and clamplets put together
+-73agIBgDU0-00122-00028344-00028655 consider her first regular old clamblets
+-73agIBgDU0-00123-00028656-00028983 but there are no power clams instead the
+-73agIBgDU0-00124-00028983-00029151 basket has to be opened with a fully
+-73agIBgDU0-00125-00029152-00029390 charged shot from the rainmaker
+-73agIBgDU0-00126-00029391-00029583 there's a rainmaker available for each
+-73agIBgDU0-00127-00029583-00029790 team in this mode just that so nobody
+-73agIBgDU0-00128-00029791-00029967 can like hoard it and prevent anything
+-73agIBgDU0-00129-00029968-00030207 from happening however if the rainmaker
+-73agIBgDU0-00130-00030208-00030455 carrier is splatted the rainmaker will
+-73agIBgDU0-00131-00030456-00030631 always reset back to the center of the
+-73agIBgDU0-00132-00030632-00030802 map or
+-73agIBgDU0-00133-00030803-00030958 alternatively
+-73agIBgDU0-00134-00030960-00031190 let's try regular rainmaker but
+-73agIBgDU0-00135-00031191-00031374 everybody is slow
+-73agIBgDU0-00136-00031375-00031614 by collecting clams the players are able
+-73agIBgDU0-00137-00031616-00031887 to move faster it takes five clamps for
+-73agIBgDU0-00138-00031888-00032127 a player to move at base speed they move
+-73agIBgDU0-00139-00032127-00032374 at half speed with no clamps and maybe
+-73agIBgDU0-00140-00032375-00032567 as quick as twice as fast if you have a
+-73agIBgDU0-00141-00032568-00032879 full on 10 clams and you know the power
+-73agIBgDU0-00142-00032880-00033079 clam in this could still exist so you
+-73agIBgDU0-00143-00033080-00033255 could throw it to a player who is gonna
+-73agIBgDU0-00144-00033256-00033495 you know take the rainmaker and give
+-73agIBgDU0-00145-00033496-00033774 your team a massive advantage
+-73agIBgDU0-00146-00033775-00034039 and then uh finally we could have a clam
+-73agIBgDU0-00147-00034040-00034287 blitz mode where instead of having power
+-73agIBgDU0-00148-00034288-00034535 clams a clam could have a different
+-73agIBgDU0-00149-00034536-00034718 score assigned to it depending on how
+-73agIBgDU0-00150-00034719-00034918 much you charge it before it's thrown
+-73agIBgDU0-00151-00034919-00035199 maybe starting at one and moving up to
+-73agIBgDU0-00152-00035200-00035383 eight or something like that i think ten
+-73agIBgDU0-00153-00035384-00035630 might be a bit much a fully charged
+-73agIBgDU0-00154-00035631-00035815 throw is needed though to open the
+-73agIBgDU0-00155-00035816-00036039 basket you still have a hankering for
+-73agIBgDU0-00156-00036040-00036239 chaos what about a little bit of
+-73agIBgDU0-00157-00036240-00036543 rainmaker and splat zones
+-73agIBgDU0-00158-00036544-00036702 was that you want more rainmaker
+-73agIBgDU0-00159-00036703-00037071 shenanigans okay okay how about uh
+-73agIBgDU0-00160-00037072-00037327 the rainmaker carrier can only progress
+-73agIBgDU0-00161-00037328-00037607 efficiently through their teams inc if
+-73agIBgDU0-00162-00037608-00037767 they step on neutral ground the
+-73agIBgDU0-00163-00037768-00037951 rainmaker timer will start decreasing
+-73agIBgDU0-00164-00037952-00038239 faster and if they step into enemy turf
+-73agIBgDU0-00165-00038240-00038462 oh no it's going down real quick better
+-73agIBgDU0-00166-00038463-00038702 get back on your ring
+-73agIBgDU0-00167-00038703-00039015 how about classic splat zones but nobody
+-73agIBgDU0-00168-00039016-00039167 has a weapon
+-73agIBgDU0-00169-00039168-00039407 in this mode everyone has a smaller
+-73agIBgDU0-00170-00039408-00039623 version of the rainmaker equipped no
+-73agIBgDU0-00171-00039624-00039927 subs no specials players thought to
+-73agIBgDU0-00172-00039928-00040095 paint the zone to win
+-73agIBgDU0-00173-00040096-00040255 nightmare
+-73agIBgDU0-00174-00040256-00040511 and thirdly how about we have an
+-73agIBgDU0-00175-00040512-00040743 unshielded rainmaker that sits at the
+-73agIBgDU0-00176-00040744-00040999 center of a splat zone marked area
+-73agIBgDU0-00177-00041000-00041183 there's no advantage for painting the
+-73agIBgDU0-00178-00041184-00041495 splat zone though instead the goal is to
+-73agIBgDU0-00179-00041496-00041767 hold the rainmaker as long as possible
+-73agIBgDU0-00180-00041768-00041958 without getting splatted to bring down
+-73agIBgDU0-00181-00041959-00042199 the team timer sounds good it would make
+-73agIBgDU0-00182-00042200-00042446 holding the area near the splat zone
+-73agIBgDU0-00183-00042447-00042607 just as important as keeping your
+-73agIBgDU0-00184-00042608-00042918 teammate alive honestly and then
+-73agIBgDU0-00185-00042919-00043135 yeah it's probably the most convoluted
+-73agIBgDU0-00186-00043136-00043255 of all of them
+-73agIBgDU0-00187-00043256-00043462 you thought tower controlling clam was a
+-73agIBgDU0-00188-00043463-00043695 mess how about tower control and
+-73agIBgDU0-00189-00043696-00043990 rainmaker these are all a doozy okay
+-73agIBgDU0-00190-00043991-00044271 number one imagine you have a rainmaker
+-73agIBgDU0-00191-00044272-00044558 that is permanently attached to the
+-73agIBgDU0-00192-00044559-00044855 tower similar to a cannon when you swim
+-73agIBgDU0-00193-00044856-00045087 onto the tower your controls can
+-73agIBgDU0-00194-00045088-00045351 optionally be altered to allow you to
+-73agIBgDU0-00195-00045352-00045623 only use the rainmaker the tower moves
+-73agIBgDU0-00196-00045624-00045783 twice as fast when you're riding the
+-73agIBgDU0-00197-00045784-00045983 tower while also holding the rainmaker
+-73agIBgDU0-00198-00045984-00046207 so that's a great incentive to use it
+-73agIBgDU0-00199-00046208-00046390 only one player can operate the
+-73agIBgDU0-00200-00046391-00046630 rainmaker at a time and there is a 5
+-73agIBgDU0-00201-00046631-00046855 second cooldown if the rainmaker carrier
+-73agIBgDU0-00202-00046856-00047095 is splatted otherwise it's just normal
+-73agIBgDU0-00203-00047096-00047271 tower control but what's that you want
+-73agIBgDU0-00204-00047272-00047543 something more rainmakery okay alright
+-73agIBgDU0-00205-00047544-00047774 imagine a rainmaker mode where there is
+-73agIBgDU0-00206-00047775-00048071 no podium instead your goal is to just
+-73agIBgDU0-00207-00048072-00048302 hold the rainmaker as long as possible
+-73agIBgDU0-00208-00048303-00048535 to bring down the team's timer it's
+-73agIBgDU0-00209-00048536-00048767 similar to shine thief and mario kart
+-73agIBgDU0-00210-00048768-00048967 but there are clear boundaries about
+-73agIBgDU0-00211-00048968-00049246 where the rainmaker carrier cannot pass
+-73agIBgDU0-00212-00049247-00049486 so in a way you're kind of like a giant
+-73agIBgDU0-00213-00049487-00049743 walking tower waiting to get shot at
+-73agIBgDU0-00214-00049744-00049871 you're just carrying the rainmaker
+-73agIBgDU0-00215-00049872-00050095 around instead if the rainmaker carrier
+-73agIBgDU0-00216-00050096-00050262 leaves the allowed zone they'll have
+-73agIBgDU0-00217-00050263-00050455 three seconds to get back inside before
+-73agIBgDU0-00218-00050456-00050671 they instantly are splatted see i better
+-73agIBgDU0-00219-00050672-00050871 stay near the middle of the map
+-73agIBgDU0-00220-00050872-00051102 and and probably move around a bit but
+-73agIBgDU0-00221-00051103-00051390 if you want a bigger range of motion how
+-73agIBgDU0-00222-00051391-00051663 about we force you to walk around like a
+-73agIBgDU0-00223-00051664-00051975 real tower in this one the rainmaker
+-73agIBgDU0-00224-00051976-00052279 carrier must travel by foot from one
+-73agIBgDU0-00225-00052279-00052566 side of the map to the other they are
+-73agIBgDU0-00226-00052567-00052807 not allowed to swim and must follow the
+-73agIBgDU0-00227-00052808-00053047 designated path on the map
+-73agIBgDU0-00228-00053048-00053254 at two specific checkpoints along the
+-73agIBgDU0-00229-00053255-00053494 map the rainmaker carrier has to stop
+-73agIBgDU0-00230-00053495-00053711 and wait before they can progress when
+-73agIBgDU0-00231-00053712-00053847 the rainmaker carrier is in these
+-73agIBgDU0-00232-00053848-00054047 checkpoints no one else is allowed to
+-73agIBgDU0-00233-00054048-00054287 directly walk up to the carrier but they
+-73agIBgDU0-00234-00054288-00054559 still can fire at them uh
+-73agIBgDU0-00235-00054560-00054687 good luck
+-73agIBgDU0-00236-00054688-00054863 too bad we don't have big bubbler in
+-73agIBgDU0-00237-00054864-00055015 this game
+-73agIBgDU0-00238-00055016-00055126 while we're sitting around here
+-73agIBgDU0-00239-00055127-00055271 twiddling our thumbs waiting for
+-73agIBgDU0-00240-00055272-00055494 splatoon 3 it's funny to think of ways
+-73agIBgDU0-00241-00055495-00055711 that we could absolutely ruin splatoon
+-73agIBgDU0-00242-00055712-00055823 2.
+-73agIBgDU0-00243-00055824-00055991 do you have any other ways that you want
+-73agIBgDU0-00244-00055991-00056238 to combine both modes to make something
+-73agIBgDU0-00245-00056239-00056526 sillier did you enjoy my
+-73agIBgDU0-00246-00056527-00056735 probably excessive descriptions of how
+-73agIBgDU0-00247-00056736-00056942 these modes might be able to function
+-73agIBgDU0-00248-00056944-00057166 did you find it fun because i did i had
+-73agIBgDU0-00249-00057167-00057375 a lot of fun writing this down honestly
+-73agIBgDU0-00250-00057376-00057591 thank you for listening and i hope you
+-73agIBgDU0-00251-00057591-00057750 enjoy some nice
+-73agIBgDU0-00252-00057751-00057966 regular ranked out there
+-73agIBgDU0-00253-00057967-00058191 if you liked what you saw give me a
+-73agIBgDU0-00254-00058191-00058415 subscribe and i'll make more silly fun
+-73agIBgDU0-00255-00058416-00058671 splatoon content like this thank you
+-73agIBgDU0-00256-00058672-00058823 very much
+-73agIBgDU0-00257-00058824-00059000 see you later
+-73agIBgDU0-00258-00059001-00060359 [Music]
+-73agIBgDU0-00259-00060360-00060919 [Applause]
+-73agIBgDU0-00260-00060920-00061127 you
+-7a0iRkSAPo-00000-00000126-00001395 foreign
+-7a0iRkSAPo-00001-00001396-00002834 [Music]
+-7a0iRkSAPo-00002-00002835-00003142 [Music]
+-7a0iRkSAPo-00003-00003143-00003777 foreign
+-7a0iRkSAPo-00004-00003778-00006304 [Music]
+-7a0iRkSAPo-00005-00006305-00006730 thank you
+-7a0iRkSAPo-00006-00006731-00007291 [Music]
+-7a0iRkSAPo-00007-00007292-00007473 [Music]
+-7a0iRkSAPo-00008-00007473-00009628 [Applause]
+-7a0iRkSAPo-00009-00009629-00010271 foreign
+-7a0iRkSAPo-00010-00010272-00012314 [Music]
+-7a0iRkSAPo-00011-00012315-00013008 [Applause]
+-9ee2oszOX8-00000-00000544-00000686 jesus christ gave medicine you
+-9ee2oszOX8-00001-00000687-00000815 could have filled off my ears what do
+-9ee2oszOX8-00002-00000816-00001484 you want to say to me
+-9ee2oszOX8-00003-00001485-00001782 [Music]
+-9ee2oszOX8-00004-00001784-00001992 you
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00000-00000313-00000438 [Music]
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00001-00000440-00000599 lesson two
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00002-00000600-00000950 fold out panels and page shuffling
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00003-00000951-00001135 projects with complex folds are
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00004-00001136-00001462 formatted in indesign in one of two ways
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00005-00001463-00001647 during the die lines for varnish plates
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00006-00001648-00001887 and complex folds lesson we learned that
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00007-00001888-00002126 complex folds can be designed as one
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00008-00002127-00002423 large flat page broken up into folded
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00009-00002424-00002623 sections using a dye line
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00010-00002624-00002791 to communicate where the project needs
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00011-00002792-00002918 to fold
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00012-00002919-00003047 alternatively
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00013-00003048-00003263 projects with fold-out panels like n
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00014-00003264-00003438 leaves on a book or gatefolds on a
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00015-00003439-00003670 magazine can be set up using page
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00016-00003671-00003919 shuffling in indesign to physically move
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00017-00003920-00004111 pages into place where they will be
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00018-00004112-00004422 located in the finished project
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00019-00004423-00004622 indesign projects need to be formatted
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00020-00004623-00004831 as facing pages when creating booklets
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00021-00004832-00005031 with fold-out panels
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00022-00005032-00005199 if you are designing a three-panel
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00023-00005200-00005502 brochure that folds with no clear spine
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00024-00005503-00005806 location you can use non-facing pages
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00025-00005807-00005967 but either way it is important to
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00026-00005968-00006159 recognize the distinction between facing
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00027-00006160-00006422 pages and non-facing pages
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00028-00006423-00006655 facing pages sets up your project to
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00029-00006656-00006967 display book reader spreads you will see
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00030-00006968-00007151 your project in the order the pages will
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00031-00007152-00007383 appear in a finished book and you will
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00032-00007384-00007598 be able to see which pages will be right
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00033-00007600-00007814 hand pages and which will be left hand
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00034-00007815-00007959 pages
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00035-00007959-00008239 non-facing pages projects are used to
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00036-00008240-00008487 format projects that do not require book
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00037-00008488-00008727 binding
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00038-00008728-00008927 reader spreads and printer spreads are
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00039-00008928-00009055 not the same
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00040-00009056-00009246 reader spreads display pages in the
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00041-00009247-00009487 order a reader will experience them
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00042-00009488-00009774 printer spreads also called impositions
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00043-00009775-00009974 display pages in the order they must be
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00044-00009975-00010231 printed before press sheets are folded
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00045-00010232-00010438 assembled into a finished product and
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00046-00010439-00010742 trim to size like a book
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00047-00010743-00010991 in this lesson we will focus on reader
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00048-00010992-00011231 spreads however it is always important
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00049-00011232-00011391 to consider how your design will be
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00050-00011392-00011503 produced
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00051-00011504-00011719 so never design a complex fold project
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00052-00011720-00011910 without consulting with your printer to
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00053-00011911-00012151 make sure your design is functional
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00054-00012152-00012414 a few things you can keep in mind are
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00055-00012415-00012631 ideally books are always printed in
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00056-00012632-00012838 multiples of 16 pages
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00057-00012839-00013094 because each press sheet can be printed
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00058-00013095-00013375 as 16 pages at a time if you are using
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00059-00013376-00013655 standard book sizes
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00060-00013656-00013903 if absolutely necessary some perfect
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00061-00013904-00014103 bound books can be bound in multiples of
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00062-00014104-00014366 two pages and saddle stitch books must
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00063-00014368-00014758 be bound in a minimum of four pages
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00064-00014759-00015007 signatures are a large sheet of paper
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00065-00015008-00015238 that is folded down to create multiple
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00066-00015240-00015399 smaller pages
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00067-00015400-00015647 the example shown is for a 16 page
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00068-00015647-00015758 signature
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00069-00015759-00015943 eight pages print on the front of the
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00070-00015944-00016175 press sheet the other eight pages print
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00071-00016176-00016327 on the back
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00072-00016328-00016535 after the press sheet is printed it will
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00073-00016536-00016863 be folded before being bound into a book
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00074-00016864-00017079 notice how the page numbers do not align
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00075-00017080-00017350 with reader spreads page 4 is printing
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00076-00017351-00017535 next to page 13.
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00077-00017536-00017783 this is an example of a printer spread
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00078-00017784-00017967 it is an imposition that shows how the
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00079-00017968-00018335 pages must be laid out for printing
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00080-00018336-00018630 as a designer you should also know that
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00081-00018631-00018807 every sheet of paper has a front and a
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00082-00018808-00019030 back meaning every sheet of paper has
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00083-00019031-00019158 two pages
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00084-00019159-00019383 if you add one fold out panel in your
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00085-00019384-00019599 design you will need to add a second
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00086-00019600-00019822 page to show where the back of that
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00087-00019823-00020022 sheet will land
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00088-00020023-00020191 fold out panels must be printed
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00089-00020192-00020414 separately from the rest of your pages
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00090-00020415-00020607 the best way to see if your design is
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00091-00020608-00020822 functional is to create a physical
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00092-00020823-00021094 printer spread imposition and then fold
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00093-00021095-00021367 and assemble it this is called making a
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00094-00021368-00021494 dummy
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00095-00021495-00021750 look at the bottom example a 16 page
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00096-00021751-00022063 signature prints on the left press sheet
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00097-00022064-00022239 the right press sheet is a four page
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00098-00022240-00022519 signature that has a fold out panel on
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00099-00022520-00022655 either side
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00100-00022656-00022830 it must be printed separately from
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00101-00022831-00023103 traditional 16-page signatures
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00102-00023104-00023255 this is incredibly important to
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00103-00023256-00023439 recognize because it affects where
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00104-00023440-00023703 fold-out panels can be added to a design
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00105-00023704-00024086 and what binding methods can be used
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00106-00024087-00024278 the way your project binds can affect
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00107-00024279-00024486 the order the pages are printed
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00108-00024487-00024694 saddle stitching as illustrated on the
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00109-00024695-00025030 left nests printed signatures this means
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00110-00025031-00025327 that 8 pages of each 16-page signature
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00111-00025328-00025535 land on the front half of the book and
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00112-00025536-00025743 eight pages land on the back half of the
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00113-00025744-00025870 book
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00114-00025872-00026102 perfect binding uses stacked printed
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00115-00026104-00026374 signatures it is easier to see where
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00116-00026375-00026558 pages will land in a finished perfect
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00117-00026560-00026839 bound book because each signature has 16
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00118-00026839-00027183 pages and they stack pages 1 through 16
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00119-00027183-00027431 are in the first signature pages 17
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00120-00027432-00027679 through 32 are in the second and so on
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00121-00027680-00027823 and so forth
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00122-00027824-00028031 what is important to know right now is
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00123-00028032-00028279 that fold fold-out panels need to land
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00124-00028280-00028511 between signatures
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00125-00028512-00028727 in the perfect bound example we could
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00126-00028727-00028967 insert a fold-out panel at the front of
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00127-00028968-00029231 the book or the back of the book or
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00128-00029232-00029502 between pages 16 and 17
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00129-00029504-00029758 between pages 32 and 33
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00130-00029760-00030231 or between pages 48 and 49
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00131-00030232-00030518 communication is key when designing you
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00132-00030519-00030639 will need to make sure you are
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00133-00030639-00030790 communicating effectively with your
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00134-00030791-00030967 clients to ensure you are creating
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00135-00030968-00031239 something that meets their expectations
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00136-00031239-00031423 and you will need to make sure you're
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00137-00031424-00031599 actively working with the person who
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00138-00031600-00031846 will be producing your finished design
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00139-00031847-00032039 sometimes we don't speak the same design
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00140-00032039-00032151 language
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00141-00032152-00032358 never assume everyone uses the same
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00142-00032360-00032495 terms that you do
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00143-00032495-00032718 go above and beyond to double and triple
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00144-00032719-00032927 check to make sure your client
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00145-00032928-00033199 and your printer and you are all
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00146-00033200-00033471 understanding the same specifications
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00147-00033472-00033655 the best way to do this is to draw
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00148-00033656-00033951 diagrams make physical dummies and to
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00149-00033952-00034174 communicate both the flat and finished
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00150-00034175-00034431 size of your design
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00151-00034432-00034599 a good example that happens a lot in the
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00152-00034600-00034774 printing industry is that someone will
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00153-00034775-00035031 ask for a quote to print something like
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00154-00035032-00035231 an eight and a half by eleven tri-fold
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00155-00035232-00035351 brochure
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00156-00035352-00035502 does this mean they want an eight and a
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00157-00035503-00035711 half by eleven sheet of paper that's
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00158-00035712-00035879 folded in thirds
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00159-00035880-00036159 like a letter fold or is each of the
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00160-00036160-00036343 three panels eight and a half inches
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00161-00036344-00036439 wide
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00162-00036440-00036646 if i describe the flap size and the
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00163-00036647-00036895 finished size i can make sure my request
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00164-00036896-00037062 is more clear
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00165-00037063-00037262 saying you want a quote for eight and a
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00166-00037263-00037559 half by 11 inch tri-fold brochures that
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00167-00037560-00037918 are 25.5 inches by 11 inches folding
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00168-00037919-00038262 down to 8 and a half by 11 is very clear
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00169-00038263-00038574 the flat size of my project is 25.5
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00170-00038575-00038871 inches by 11 inches and the finish size
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00171-00038872-00039183 is eight and a half by 11.
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00172-00039184-00039367 you can calculate the flat size of a
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00173-00039368-00039599 project by drawing a diagram and summing
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00174-00039600-00039846 the distances both horizontally and
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00175-00039847-00040143 vertically for the project when flat
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00176-00040144-00040359 if you're designing a book we refer to
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00177-00040360-00040639 the flat and finish size as open and
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00178-00040640-00040743 closed
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00179-00040744-00040927 we talk about it in terms of how the
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00180-00040928-00041183 book would be when it is open and flat
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00181-00041184-00041351 or closed
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00182-00041352-00041535 a book with a finished size of 8 and a
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00183-00041536-00041839 half by 11 will be described as 17
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00184-00041840-00042199 inches by 11 either flat or open and
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00185-00042200-00042462 eight and a half by 11 inches
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00186-00042463-00042711 finished or closed
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00187-00042712-00042918 when it is time to design a magazine or
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00188-00042919-00043143 a book that requires fold out panels
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00189-00043144-00043383 called gate folds you will need to first
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00190-00043384-00043535 identify where the panels will be
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00191-00043536-00043639 located
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00192-00043640-00043807 how many panels need to be added
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00193-00043808-00044015 remember we'll add two pages for every
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00194-00044016-00044102 panel
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00195-00044103-00044335 and we will need to turn page shuffling
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00196-00044336-00044679 off in indesign
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00197-00044680-00044974 page shuffling when turned on allows
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00198-00044975-00045190 pages in your indesign document to
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00199-00045191-00045487 automatically reposition if a new page
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00200-00045488-00045607 is added
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00201-00045608-00045799 if you were to drag and drop the page
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00202-00045800-00046046 into a new location within the document
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00203-00046047-00046318 for example if you were to drag page six
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00204-00046319-00046583 up and drop it into the position of page
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00205-00046584-00046679 2.
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00206-00046680-00046911 page 6 will become the new page 2 and
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00207-00046912-00047111 the rest of the pages will shuffle down
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00208-00047112-00047318 into place
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00209-00047319-00047502 if you look closely at the example on
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00210-00047503-00047751 screen you can see the color-coded pages
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00211-00047752-00048015 have all shuffled down into place when
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00212-00048016-00048271 red page six was moved up into the
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00213-00048272-00048471 position of page two
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00214-00048472-00048758 then pages two three four and five
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00215-00048759-00048990 shuffled down one position each to
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00216-00048991-00049518 become new pages 3 4 5 and 6.
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00217-00049519-00049758 when page shuffling is turned on it is
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00218-00049759-00049990 not possible to attach pages as fold-out
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00219-00049991-00050262 panels so we need to turn page shuffling
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00220-00050263-00050343 off
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00221-00050344-00050551 you can turn page shuffling on and off
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00222-00050552-00050727 via the pages panel
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00223-00050728-00050951 use the options file menu to check or
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00224-00050952-00051214 uncheck the options to allow document
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00225-00051215-00051494 pages to shuffle and allow selected
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00226-00051495-00051679 spread to shuffle
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00227-00051679-00051958 uncheck to turn them off i recommend
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00228-00051959-00052150 turning off both options when adding
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00229-00052151-00052438 fold-out panels
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00230-00052439-00052766 it is now time to create fold-out panels
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00231-00052767-00052982 this can be a rather complex task so
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00232-00052983-00053191 let's review the steps necessary to
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00233-00053191-00053447 properly add fold-out panels you should
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00234-00053448-00053703 write them down and then try to follow
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00235-00053704-00053815 along
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00236-00053816-00053959 when we're done we'll jump over to
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00237-00053960-00054126 indesign and we'll work through another
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00238-00054127-00054287 example together
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00239-00054288-00054391 first
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00240-00054391-00054671 always create a physical dummy for your
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00241-00054672-00054919 project we will start simple with a
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00242-00054920-00055111 four-page project that will receive
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00243-00055112-00055407 additional fold-out panels from on both
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00244-00055408-00055671 the front and back cover as illustrated
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00245-00055672-00055854 on screen
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00246-00055855-00056087 it is important to know where the spine
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00247-00056088-00056254 of your book is
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00248-00056255-00056494 so highlight it everywhere it exists on
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00249-00056495-00056711 your folding dummy
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00250-00056712-00056838 next
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00251-00056839-00057038 number what we're going to call your
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00252-00057039-00057303 base pages on your physical dummy
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00253-00057304-00057535 your base pages will be the regular
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00254-00057536-00057775 non-fold-out panel pages
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00255-00057776-00057942 they are the original right and
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00256-00057944-00058391 left-hand pages of the book or brochure
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00257-00058391-00058623 the easiest way to identify these pages
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00258-00058624-00058815 is to highlight the spine of your book
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00259-00058816-00059103 on your brochure first the base pages
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00260-00059104-00059375 will be those that touch the spine
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00261-00059376-00059591 number these pages in the order you
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00262-00059591-00059719 would read them
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00263-00059720-00060047 skip any fold-out panels when numbering
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00264-00060048-00060319 this is an example of a four-page
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00265-00060320-00060447 brochure
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00266-00060448-00060694 page one is the front cover
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00267-00060695-00060950 pages two and three are the inside
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00268-00060951-00061079 spread
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00269-00061079-00061391 and page four is the back cover
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00270-00061391-00061654 i have color coded my base pages as
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00271-00061655-00061759 green
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00272-00061760-00062079 and my fold out panel pages as blue
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00273-00062079-00062359 however it is important to recognize one
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00274-00062360-00062550 continuous sheet of paper will be
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00275-00062551-00062671 printed
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00276-00062672-00062935 so i have remade my folding dummy so
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00277-00062936-00063254 that it is all made from one continuous
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00278-00063255-00063471 sheet of green paper
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00279-00063472-00063687 and you can see that on screen the
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00280-00063688-00064054 original has two blue fold out panels
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00281-00064055-00064287 but as i recreated it
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00282-00064288-00064559 i matched the folding pattern
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00283-00064560-00064782 the spine indication and the page
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00284-00064783-00064959 numberings
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00285-00064960-00065631 using one continuous sheet of paper
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00286-00065632-00065903 next create a new indesign document with
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00287-00065904-00066150 facing pages that has the same number of
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00288-00066151-00066391 pages that you just labeled in our case
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00289-00066392-00066655 that will be a four page document
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00290-00066656-00066847 i have color coded them dark blue in
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00291-00066848-00066967 this example
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00292-00066968-00067238 so dark blue will be our base page color
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00293-00067239-00067550 in indesign
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00294-00067551-00067775 now we need to figure out how many pages
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00295-00067776-00068038 should be added for our fold-out panels
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00296-00068039-00068335 for each panel we will add two pages
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00297-00068336-00068519 label each fold-out panel on your
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00298-00068520-00068847 physical dummy using letters like a
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00299-00068848-00068911 b
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00300-00068912-00069094 c and d
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00301-00069095-00069279 so you can see where they are in
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00302-00069280-00070031 relationship to the base pages
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00303-00070032-00070231 after you are done count the number of
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00304-00070232-00070471 pages and add these new pages to the end
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00305-00070472-00070679 of your indesign document
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00306-00070680-00070959 our example has two fold-out panels so
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00307-00070960-00071167 we will need to add four additional
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00308-00071168-00071271 pages
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00309-00071272-00071503 i have color-coded them red so you can
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00310-00071504-00071711 see a distinction between our dark blue
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00311-00071712-00072047 base pages and the new red fold-out
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00312-00072048-00072343 panel pages
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00313-00072344-00072582 turn off page shuffling
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00314-00072583-00072823 turn both options to allow document
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00315-00072824-00073071 pages to shuffle and allow selected
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00316-00073072-00073255 spread to shuffle off
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00317-00073256-00073479 you can do this via the options file
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00318-00073480-00073855 menu on the pages panel
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00319-00073856-00074023 page numbering
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00320-00074024-00074262 works from the top down
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00321-00074263-00074455 so for that reason it is best to work
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00322-00074456-00074671 backwards from the end of your document
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00323-00074672-00074823 to the beginning
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00324-00074824-00075015 by working backwards the numbering on
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00325-00075016-00075326 your original pages in our case the blue
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00326-00075327-00075567 indesign pages will not change until
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00327-00075568-00075782 after we finish attaching the fold out
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00328-00075783-00075991 panels to them
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00329-00075992-00076206 when looking at our physical dummy we
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00330-00076207-00076423 can see there is a fold out panel
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00331-00076424-00076687 attached to the left side
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00332-00076688-00077303 of page four
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00333-00077304-00077647 drag and drop a red fold out page until
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00334-00077648-00077999 it snaps to the left side of page 4 as
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00335-00078000-00078206 illustrated on screen
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00336-00078207-00078447 look for the bracket icon to know the
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00337-00078448-00079135 page will be attached
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00338-00079136-00079375 at this point what we were viewing as
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00339-00079376-00079703 page 4 has now become page 5. this is
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00340-00079704-00079999 why we are working backwards pages one
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00341-00080000-00080255 two and three are still the original
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00342-00080256-00080631 pages one two and three
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00343-00080632-00080926 working backwards the next page we see
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00344-00080927-00081199 on our physical dummy is page three
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00345-00081200-00081431 it has a fold out panel attached to the
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00346-00081432-00081550 right side
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00347-00081551-00081775 we can also see there's a page attached
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00348-00081776-00082023 to the left side of page two
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00349-00082024-00082255 and to the right side
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00350-00082256-00082718 of page one
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00351-00082719-00082838 one by one
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00352-00082839-00083150 add these pages into place via the pages
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00353-00083151-00083359 panel in indesign
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00354-00083360-00083526 while making sure their placement
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00355-00083527-00083743 matches the folding dummy that you've
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00356-00083744-00083887 been working from
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00357-00083888-00084150 don't forget to always work backwards
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00358-00084151-00084494 complete page three and then page two
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00359-00084495-00085006 and then page one
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00360-00085007-00085231 you have now formatted a four-page
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00361-00085232-00085567 project that has two fold-out panels
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00362-00085568-00085847 one panel folds out off the front page
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00363-00085848-00086159 and one folds out off the back page
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00364-00086160-00086359 take a minute to confirm your indesign
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00365-00086360-00086631 document matches your folding dummy
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00366-00086632-00086823 for our example you should end up with
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00367-00086824-00087071 an eight page indesign project
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00368-00087072-00087359 four pages are the original base pages
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00369-00087360-00087606 and the other four pages form the two
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00370-00087607-00087944 fold out panels
+-r8MBPInLXQ-00371-00087945-00088248 [Music]
+-rf42vM3suY-00000-00000017-00000269 to know where you belong and where you
+-rf42vM3suY-00001-00000270-00000465 came from
+-rf42vM3suY-00002-00000466-00001397 [Music]
+-rf42vM3suY-00003-00001398-00001702 Angela Matthews and Cindy Myers this
+-rf42vM3suY-00004-00001703-00001925 morning marks the start of a trip they
+-rf42vM3suY-00005-00001926-00002387 never thought they would make
+-rf42vM3suY-00006-00002388-00002621 parents who wish
+-rf42vM3suY-00007-00002622-00003007 they could have gone back
+-rf42vM3suY-00008-00003008-00003238 the sisters are getting ready to travel
+-rf42vM3suY-00009-00003239-00003490 to Ghana in West Africa for the first
+-rf42vM3suY-00010-00003492-00004388 time
+-rf42vM3suY-00011-00004389-00004909 [Music]
+-rf42vM3suY-00012-00004910-00005152 this group could have visited this
+-rf42vM3suY-00013-00005153-00005467 country anytime but they chose this year
+-rf42vM3suY-00014-00005468-00005783 Ghana is encouraging more descendants of
+-rf42vM3suY-00015-00005784-00006088 the slave trade to retrace their roots
+-rf42vM3suY-00016-00006089-00006467 they've called 2019 the year of return
+-rf42vM3suY-00017-00006468-00006809 it's 400 years after the first enslaved
+-rf42vM3suY-00018-00006809-00007127 Africans arrived in what is now the U.S
+-rf42vM3suY-00019-00007128-00007492 all right
+-rf42vM3suY-00020-00007493-00007739 this is Cape Coast Castle
+-rf42vM3suY-00021-00007740-00008014 it was one of the most important African
+-rf42vM3suY-00022-00008015-00008285 bases for British slave Traders during
+-rf42vM3suY-00023-00008286-00008621 the 18th century
+-rf42vM3suY-00024-00008622-00008867 historians believe at least 12 million
+-rf42vM3suY-00025-00008868-00009149 people were shipped from West Africa to
+-rf42vM3suY-00026-00009150-00009359 plantations in the Americas and the
+-rf42vM3suY-00027-00009360-00009509 Caribbean
+-rf42vM3suY-00028-00009510-00009874 as we walked down the damages this is
+-rf42vM3suY-00029-00009875-00010246 the real dungeoning down
+-rf42vM3suY-00030-00010247-00010481 thought I would make this trip never
+-rf42vM3suY-00031-00010482-00010613 ever
+-rf42vM3suY-00032-00010614-00010978 my sister and I are the first generation
+-rf42vM3suY-00033-00010979-00011146 to make it here
+-rf42vM3suY-00034-00011147-00011585 and it's just it's just truly amazing
+-rf42vM3suY-00035-00011586-00011933 truly amazing
+-rf42vM3suY-00036-00011934-00012173 for Angela and her sister the trip to
+-rf42vM3suY-00037-00012174-00012419 the castle and its dungeons holds a
+-rf42vM3suY-00038-00012420-00012587 special meaning
+-rf42vM3suY-00039-00012588-00012857 they recently took a DNA test and
+-rf42vM3suY-00040-00012858-00013037 discovered that they are of Ghanaian
+-rf42vM3suY-00041-00013038-00013319 Heritage meaning their ancestors may
+-rf42vM3suY-00042-00013319-00013703 have been held in these cells I am so
+-rf42vM3suY-00043-00013704-00013907 grateful to be here
+-rf42vM3suY-00044-00013908-00014285 and to be here with my ancestors it
+-rf42vM3suY-00045-00014286-00014591 gives me a great joy and I feel like I'm
+-rf42vM3suY-00046-00014591-00014797 up
+-rf42vM3suY-00047-00014797-00015169 and thank you and gratitude to every
+-rf42vM3suY-00048-00015169-00015497 ancestor it for my bloodline thank you
+-rf42vM3suY-00049-00015497-00015916 for being strong enough to make it
+-rf42vM3suY-00050-00015918-00016333 I'm sorry you had to go through this
+-rf42vM3suY-00051-00016334-00016780 this place is very saddening to see how
+-rf42vM3suY-00052-00016781-00017035 they were treated so
+-rf42vM3suY-00053-00017036-00017207 inhumane
+-rf42vM3suY-00054-00017208-00017465 I mean who would do that
+-rf42vM3suY-00055-00017466-00017639 why
+-rf42vM3suY-00056-00017640-00017867 money
+-rf42vM3suY-00057-00017868-00018317 it's just very saddening
+-rf42vM3suY-00058-00018318-00018557 enslaved Africans were pushed through
+-rf42vM3suY-00059-00018558-00018821 the door of no return and onto waiting
+-rf42vM3suY-00060-00018822-00019133 ships for many it would be the last time
+-rf42vM3suY-00061-00019134-00019607 they would see the continent
+-rf42vM3suY-00062-00019608-00019949 being here taking my shoes off getting
+-rf42vM3suY-00063-00019950-00020357 into the water the Atlantic Ocean
+-rf42vM3suY-00064-00020358-00020669 I felt at peace I felt at home
+-rf42vM3suY-00065-00020670-00021113 I felt like all of my ancestors we would
+-rf42vM3suY-00066-00021114-00021389 reuniting it and it was just a wonderful
+-rf42vM3suY-00067-00021390-00021863 feeling
+-rf42vM3suY-00068-00021864-00022357 [Music]
+-rf42vM3suY-00069-00022358-00022727 back at the tour group Angela Cindy and
+-rf42vM3suY-00070-00022728-00022943 the other Travelers have also been able
+-rf42vM3suY-00071-00022944-00023441 to discover a different side to Ghana
+-rf42vM3suY-00072-00023442-00023633 the country estimates the number of
+-rf42vM3suY-00073-00023634-00023891 tourists wanting to find out about their
+-rf42vM3suY-00074-00023892-00024167 Heritage will increase by up to 40
+-rf42vM3suY-00075-00024168-00024371 percent this year
+-rf42vM3suY-00076-00024372-00024700 for Angela retracing her Roots has
+-rf42vM3suY-00077-00024701-00024880 changed how she looks at her home
+-rf42vM3suY-00078-00024881-00025150 country and this time and all the things
+-rf42vM3suY-00079-00025151-00025355 that are going on with our current
+-rf42vM3suY-00080-00025356-00025720 president it's significant to to know
+-rf42vM3suY-00081-00025722-00026039 where you belong and where you came from
+-rf42vM3suY-00082-00026039-00026401 so for me coming back here
+-rf42vM3suY-00083-00026402-00026705 reuniting with my ancestors
+-rf42vM3suY-00084-00026706-00027158 makes me feel at home
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00000-00000000-00000214 welcome to my channel again with a brand
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00001-00000215-00000407 new video and in today's video i'm gonna
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00002-00000408-00000711 show you how you could clear caches or
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00003-00000712-00000847 clear data
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00004-00000848-00001119 from your instagram account
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00005-00001120-00001287 so first
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00006-00001288-00001519 let me see from the instagram
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00007-00001520-00001718 applications so
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00008-00001719-00001951 in instagram application there is no way
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00009-00001952-00002199 to clear the caches
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00010-00002200-00002367 or data
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00011-00002368-00002479 from here
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00012-00002480-00002726 but first of all you should know that
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00013-00002727-00003102 why you have to clear caches and data
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00014-00003103-00003431 so sometimes you may face some problem
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00015-00003432-00003759 like login issue and
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00016-00003760-00003927 some trouble
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00017-00003928-00004119 so at that time you have to clear your
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00018-00004120-00004263 caches
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00019-00004264-00004583 then only the problem will be fixed
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00020-00004584-00004806 so how you could do that
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00021-00004807-00004943 first
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00022-00004944-00005167 you need to go to the settings
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00023-00005168-00005391 from your
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00024-00005392-00005518 phone
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00025-00005519-00005831 open the settings and then search for
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00026-00005832-00006247 the installed applications
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00027-00006248-00006367 so
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00028-00006368-00006559 search for the installed application on
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00029-00006559-00006814 the search bar or you can find it out if
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00030-00006815-00008239 you can
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00031-00008240-00009839 um
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00032-00009840-00010519 app installation
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00033-00010520-00010846 so app list go to the app list
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00034-00010847-00011527 and
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00035-00011528-00011735 yeah go to the app list
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00036-00011736-00011903 and here you will see
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00037-00011904-00012063 all your application that you have
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00038-00012064-00012206 installed
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00039-00012207-00012503 um from the google play store
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00040-00012504-00012599 right
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00041-00012600-00012910 now you have to choose the instagram
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00042-00012911-00012999 here
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00043-00013000-00013183 the instagram account
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00044-00013184-00013358 choose the instagram
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00045-00013359-00013479 and then
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00046-00013480-00013599 you will see
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00047-00013600-00013830 storage usage
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00048-00013831-00013911 right
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00049-00013912-00014079 on the top
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00050-00014080-00014311 storage usage now you will see the clear
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00051-00014312-00014583 catches and the down
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00052-00014584-00014863 so from here you can clear the catches
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00053-00014863-00015038 or if you want to
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00054-00015040-00015279 clear the data here the option is
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00055-00015280-00015494 available clear data option
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00056-00015495-00015679 and from here you can clear the data
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00057-00015680-00015783 also
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00058-00015784-00015863 right
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00059-00015863-00016119 so this is how you could clear caches or
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00060-00016119-00016471 data from your instagram application
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00061-00016472-00016622 thank you so much for watching this
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00062-00016623-00016750 video
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00063-00016751-00016943 have a great day
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00064-00016944-00017135 and if this video is helpful for you
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00065-00017136-00017327 please subscribe the channel
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00066-00017328-00017575 and hit the like button
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00067-00017576-00018671 below
+-xr9bU9U1Qo-00068-00018672-00018972 garlic
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00000-00000059-00000383 starting a PhD position after years of
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00001-00000384-00000574 being a student and worrying only about
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00002-00000575-00000790 attending lectures doing your homework
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00003-00000791-00001037 and studying for your exams
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00004-00001038-00001775 can be detrimental to your productivity
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00005-00001776-00001955 so I'm here to give you some time
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00006-00001955-00002255 management tips for new academics
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00007-00002256-00002537 number one and most important is create
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00008-00002538-00002800 a schedule and stick to it
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00009-00002801-00003052 there's nobody who was going to hang
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00010-00003053-00003221 over your shoulder and tell you you need
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00011-00003222-00003443 to work these eight hours a day
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00012-00003444-00003743 but you're an adult you have a job it's
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00013-00003744-00003935 your responsibility to make sure your
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00014-00003936-00004247 PhD is as successful as it can be
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00015-00004248-00004577 so create a schedule stick to it do your
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00016-00004578-00004913 daily hours of work you'll be happy but
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00017-00004914-00005267 you do it number two use pomodoros
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00018-00005268-00005615 Pomodoro Technique is a very very simple
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00019-00005616-00005915 method of managing your time you set a
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00020-00005916-00006185 timer for 25 minutes or pick a different
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00021-00006186-00006341 time if that works better for you
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00022-00006342-00006610 experiment a little oh no I have to send
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00023-00006611-00006875 that email scribble it down forget about
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00024-00006876-00007181 it focus on the task that you've chosen
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00025-00007181-00007445 to work on for these 25 minutes
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00026-00007445-00007696 check all the things that you thought of
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00027-00007697-00007948 and that you urgently had to do it can
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00028-00007950-00008170 wait to produce 25 minutes
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00029-00008172-00008471 and you will have had a nice window of
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00030-00008472-00008746 time where you can focus on things that
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00031-00008747-00008951 you might not want to do otherwise
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00032-00008952-00009196 what I always enjoy doing is creating a
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00033-00009197-00009509 reward system so number three a reward
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00034-00009510-00009623 system
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00035-00009624-00009881 can be as playful as you want it to be
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00036-00009882-00010156 I'm gonna work 40 hours this week
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00037-00010157-00010367 and I'm gonna buy myself a chocolate
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00038-00010368-00010606 sundae there are even online services
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00039-00010607-00010864 such as habitica that help you manage
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00040-00010865-00011206 your to-do lists and checklists and
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00041-00011207-00011459 every single scheduled item that you
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00042-00011460-00011746 have to do can be gamified you can
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00043-00011747-00011999 collect points compare yourself to
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00044-00012000-00012256 others in a similar position and in fact
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00045-00012257-00012533 a lot of PhD students do do that to make
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00046-00012534-00012767 their lives a bit easier and to feel a
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00047-00012768-00012977 sense of community
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00048-00012978-00013222 if you want to make it a little bit more
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00049-00013223-00013535 modern you can also use a kanban board
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00050-00013536-00013751 create a big
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00051-00013752-00014021 board on a poster you can probably get
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00052-00014022-00014275 an extra poster from the printing
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00053-00014276-00014603 printing staff at your institution and
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00054-00014604-00014788 just put some sticky notes on them to
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00055-00014790-00014963 decide what belongs to which project
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00056-00014963-00015161 what you need to accomplish what you're
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00057-00015162-00015280 doing right now
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00058-00015281-00015491 and the most important bit what you've
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00059-00015491-00015779 finished to make yourself feel good look
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00060-00015780-00015965 at all these things you've done it
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00061-00015966-00016163 really does help and pushes you forward
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00062-00016163-00016408 if you're struggling with writing and
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00063-00016409-00016721 number five is writing tips
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00064-00016722-00016949 there are again many online services
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00065-00016950-00017249 that may help you with this a very
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00066-00017250-00017597 popular website is write or die.com
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00067-00017598-00017897 where you can reward yourself for every
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00068-00017898-00018191 let's say 200 words you write you get a
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00069-00018192-00018430 kitten GIF some part of you
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00070-00018431-00018700 or perhaps if you don't write any words
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00071-00018701-00018917 in 20 seconds they'd start till it
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00072-00018918-00019139 getting deleted there's also a really
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00073-00019140-00019421 nice website called for the words where
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00074-00019422-00019630 you get to gamify your writing process
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00075-00019631-00019925 fight monsters be a part of an RPG
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00076-00019926-00020099 community
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00077-00020100-00020549 number six are browser extensions now I
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00078-00020550-00020830 know we live in an era of the internet
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00079-00020831-00021047 and you are watching this video on the
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00080-00021048-00021394 internet but sometimes you should really
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00081-00021395-00021635 stay away from YouTube Twitter Facebook
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00082-00021636-00022000 Instagram and news portals there are
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00083-00022001-00022186 many browser extensions for your browser
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00084-00022187-00022403 of choice that will block all these
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00085-00022404-00022672 social media websites from you and at
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00086-00022673-00022885 the same time allow you to browse papers
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00087-00022886-00023189 and online resources and databases
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00088-00023190-00023494 number seven music
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00089-00023495-00023705 now there's a lot of research that says
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00090-00023706-00023939 that music does make you happier and
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00091-00023940-00024263 makes it easier to work however when
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00092-00024264-00024461 you're trying to focus on something and
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00093-00024462-00024772 work on something mentally exhausting
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00094-00024773-00025030 research says that music
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00095-00025031-00025355 doesn't help it makes it harder to focus
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00096-00025356-00025577 so if you're dealing with something very
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00097-00025578-00025750 stressful feel free to turn that music
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00098-00025751-00025943 on but as soon as you get to an
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00099-00025944-00026183 important part of your daily work set it
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00100-00026183-00026549 up focus turn on a Pomodoro and get on
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00101-00026550-00026735 with work
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00102-00026736-00027064 and eight and I think most important is
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00103-00027066-00027214 be comfortable
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00104-00027216-00027424 there's all these little things in your
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00105-00027425-00027635 office that might bother you maybe it's
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00106-00027636-00027779 the noise from the neighboring offices
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00107-00027780-00028061 close the door perhaps invest in a pair
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00108-00028062-00028270 of noise canceling headphones
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00109-00028272-00028445 maybe you don't feel all that
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00110-00028445-00028624 comfortable with your desk ask around
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00111-00028625-00028877 maybe it can be lifted up or put down a
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00112-00028877-00028967 little bit
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00113-00028968-00029218 spend five minutes adjusting your chair
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00114-00029219-00029411 so that you don't end up with back pain
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00115-00029412-00029687 after a full day of work and if you're a
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00116-00029688-00029879 woman perhaps you're cold in the winter
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00117-00029880-00030214 months maybe what works for me is I
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00118-00030216-00030424 invested in a pair of fingerless gloves
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00119-00030425-00030652 and an office blanket so my middle
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00120-00030654-00030845 colleagues lower the temperature in the
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00121-00030845-00031133 office I still get to be comfortable and
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00122-00031133-00031373 keep writing and keep working
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00123-00031374-00031583 so these were my eight tips for time
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00124-00031583-00031864 management for new academics I hope they
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00125-00031866-00032039 help you and I hope you have a very
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00126-00032039-00032446 productive time
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00127-00032447-00032620 foreign
+-yv5TrgX0X4-00128-00032622-00032888 foreign
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00000-00001208-00001447 welcome to the active inference
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00001-00001448-00001655 institute this is the participatory
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00002-00001655-00001982 online laboratory today is tuesday
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00003-00001984-00002247 september 13th and we are here with
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00004-00002248-00002479 mathstream 4.1
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00005-00002480-00002783 uh with david spivak and we are welcome
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00006-00002784-00002983 to take any questions in the youtube
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00007-00002984-00003150 chat so if you have any questions please
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00008-00003151-00003327 write them there and we will have time
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00009-00003328-00003399 to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00010-00003400-00003599 ask our presenter during the course of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00011-00003600-00003879 this discussion uh david is here to talk
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00012-00003879-00004103 to us today about dynamic interfaces and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00013-00004104-00004335 arrangements an algebraic framework for
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00014-00004336-00004527 interacting systems
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00015-00004528-00004702 please take it away
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00016-00004703-00004959 okay yeah thanks a lot for having me um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00017-00004960-00005238 so i i'm gonna talk for around 40
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00018-00005239-00005463 minutes but for maybe almost an hour i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00019-00005464-00005663 don't know
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00020-00005664-00005927 but feel free to interrupt um with
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00021-00005928-00006054 whatever and i wanted to say at the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00022-00006055-00006167 offset that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00023-00006168-00006375 i'm not really talking much about um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00024-00006376-00006510 active inference
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00025-00006511-00006719 itself here i'm mainly saying like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00026-00006720-00006910 another perspective on interacting
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00027-00006911-00007159 systems or systems that might learn or
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00028-00007159-00007391 something like that and i'm more like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00029-00007392-00007551 waiting for the discussion time to kind
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00030-00007552-00007719 of find these links
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00031-00007720-00007846 so um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00032-00007847-00007951 yeah
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00033-00007952-00008159 okay so i want to talk about
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00034-00008159-00008335 dynamic interfaces and arrangements and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00035-00008336-00008559 what that means and this applied
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00036-00008560-00008846 category theory point of view on things
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00037-00008847-00008983 so
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00038-00008984-00009135 so why am i here
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00039-00009136-00009399 um i'm here to seek a valuable exchange
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00040-00009400-00009719 of ideas because active inference offers
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00041-00009720-00009895 first time i heard about it it's
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00042-00009896-00010046 compelling and most people apparently
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00043-00010047-00010327 find it unusual but for some reason it
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00044-00010328-00010559 instantly meshed with my own intuition
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00045-00010560-00010671 about things that i've gotten from
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00046-00010672-00010887 applied category theory and so i think
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00047-00010888-00011055 there's a lot we can learn from each
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00048-00011056-00011271 other
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00049-00011272-00011487 so applied category theory emphasizes
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00050-00011488-00011663 structure rather than quantitative
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00051-00011664-00011870 analysis so most of math and science
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00052-00011871-00012063 today reduce all of our experience to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00053-00012064-00012287 plays of quantity so you have graphs and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00054-00012288-00012487 you have numbers
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00055-00012488-00012759 and um you measure things in numbers and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00056-00012760-00012894 you have probabilities and those are
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00057-00012895-00013079 numbers and so everything is just a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00058-00013080-00013279 number but experience what's happening
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00059-00013280-00013519 now i mean what number would you put on
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00060-00013519-00013719 you know the sound of my voice or the or
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00061-00013719-00013943 what numbers you could put numbers on
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00062-00013944-00014119 this slide but would they tell you what
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00063-00014119-00014279 the slide was about
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00064-00014280-00014383 and so
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00065-00014384-00014566 what category theory emphasizes it's
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00066-00014568-00014783 still math but it emphasizes structure
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00067-00014784-00015038 it emphasizes relations between things
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00068-00015040-00015199 like the relationship between what's on
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00069-00015200-00015407 this slide and other things on the slide
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00070-00015408-00015558 and which one the rest of the talk the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00071-00015559-00015703 relationship between that and me the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00072-00015704-00015879 relationship between that and you and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00073-00015880-00016055 the kind of coherence between all that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00074-00016056-00016238 like why are we really here what is it
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00075-00016240-00016455 um how does it cohere how did it come
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00076-00016456-00016686 together so applied category theory aims
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00077-00016687-00016879 to bring that math to relational
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00078-00016880-00017191 disciplines outside of math
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00079-00017192-00017303 so i want to tell you about applied
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00080-00017304-00017486 category theory specifically in
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00081-00017487-00017686 reference to interfaces because i'm
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00082-00017687-00017830 going to say that we interact through
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00083-00017831-00018007 our interfaces when you hear the word
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00084-00018008-00018207 interface you might think markov blanket
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00085-00018208-00018399 i don't know enough to be sure that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00086-00018400-00018599 that's exactly what i mean so that's
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00087-00018600-00018767 kind of where this is fitting in maybe
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00088-00018768-00018991 into active inference framing but i'd
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00089-00018992-00019214 rather you just think about interfaces
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00090-00019215-00019486 um so i'm asking in this talk what sort
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00091-00019487-00019686 of algebra could support us
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00092-00019687-00019839 in thinking about
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00093-00019840-00020111 interaction and stuff like that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00094-00020112-00020350 um i think of mathematical fields as
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00095-00020351-00020503 accounting systems
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00096-00020504-00020743 so um i like that the word count is in
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00097-00020744-00020958 there and i like how kind of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00098-00020959-00021111 humble it is it's like an accounting
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00099-00021112-00021222 system here
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00100-00021223-00021463 so if you want to um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00101-00021464-00021591 if you have arithmetic that's a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00102-00021592-00021791 mathematical field and it accounts for
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00103-00021792-00022119 the flow of quantities like in finance
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00104-00022120-00022303 so if you want to your accountant to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00105-00022304-00022558 help you say why you did what you did or
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00106-00022559-00022767 what you did and how the quantities
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00107-00022768-00023063 flowed you would write something in an
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00108-00023064-00023207 arithmetic account you'd write an
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00109-00023208-00023407 arithmetic account of it you'd say and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00110-00023408-00023527 they could someone could point that and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00111-00023528-00023791 say what's this 12.83 cents and you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00112-00023792-00024014 could explain so there's numbers and you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00113-00024015-00024222 can account for stuff
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00114-00024223-00024430 what if you wanted to account for
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00115-00024431-00024519 the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00116-00024520-00024719 teleportation protocol of quantum
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00117-00024720-00024983 mechanics or something like that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00118-00024984-00025239 so hilbert spaces is a is a branch of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00119-00025240-00025447 math and it helps you make accounts for
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00120-00025448-00025622 the sorts of things that people do in
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00121-00025623-00025846 quantum computing or quantum mechanics
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00122-00025847-00026006 or generally
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00123-00026007-00026118 probability distributions is a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00124-00026119-00026262 mathematical field but it helps you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00125-00026263-00026502 account for likelihoods why is somebody
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00126-00026504-00026767 winning in poker and somebody not
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00127-00026768-00026943 if you want to give that account and you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00128-00026944-00027079 want to be careful about it you'd use
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00129-00027080-00027407 probability distributions
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00130-00027408-00027623 so but what is an account of phenomena
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00131-00027624-00027831 like we're already kind of talking and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00132-00027832-00028039 you know somebody might give an account
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00133-00028039-00028239 of their finances or something and just
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00134-00028239-00028423 written in english
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00135-00028424-00028574 but you can't really be that careful
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00136-00028575-00028783 with it you can't track it
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00137-00028783-00028918 you can't be sure you know what they're
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00138-00028919-00029039 saying and that you can point at
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00139-00029039-00029327 something so the language the accounting
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00140-00029327-00029527 system has to articulate the relevant
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00141-00029527-00029670 type differences
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00142-00029672-00029862 and provide operations that correspond
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00143-00029863-00029967 with their interactions and that's
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00144-00029968-00030183 really a dense statement um i didn't
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00145-00030183-00030343 mean to i'm trying to keep things
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00146-00030344-00030558 concise but what do i mean there in in
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00147-00030560-00030767 accounting for dollars and like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00148-00030768-00030911 financial stuff
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00149-00030912-00031111 there's dollars and there's numbers of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00150-00031112-00031279 things and there and you can add and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00151-00031280-00031487 subtract dollars like this was five
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00152-00031488-00031655 dollars and he paid four so there's one
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00153-00031656-00031814 dollar left so you can subtract them or
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00154-00031816-00032007 add them but you can't multiply two
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00155-00032008-00032151 dollar figures it doesn't mean anything
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00156-00032152-00032311 to multiply five dollars times eight
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00157-00032312-00032518 dollars but you can multiply five
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00158-00032519-00032790 dollars by eight things like so i sold
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00159-00032791-00033079 eight things of five dollars each so the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00160-00033080-00033295 operations that you're allowed to do
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00161-00033296-00033399 um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00162-00033400-00033527 there are different type differences
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00163-00033528-00033679 there's the number of widgets and then
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00164-00033680-00033807 there's the price of the widgets and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00165-00033808-00033999 that's a difference in type and the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00166-00034000-00034215 operations make sense with plus you're
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00167-00034216-00034367 allowed to add dollars and you're
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00168-00034368-00034495 allowed to add numbers of widgets but
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00169-00034496-00034718 you're not allowed to multiply uh
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00170-00034719-00035071 numbers of dollars by numbers of dollars
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00171-00035072-00035231 so that's kind of what i mean here an
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00172-00035232-00035462 accounting system needs to tell you like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00173-00035463-00035615 hey that's not what dollars means what
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00174-00035616-00035823 would it even mean to multiply five
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00175-00035824-00035990 dollars by eight dollars
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00176-00035991-00036159 um is it in dollars squared now or
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00177-00036160-00036311 something anyway so that's the sort of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00178-00036312-00036527 thing an accounting system does it gives
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00179-00036528-00036735 you the um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00180-00036736-00036879 a way of knowing what you're allowed to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00181-00036880-00037062 do what the type differences are and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00182-00037063-00037199 what you can operate how you operate on
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00183-00037200-00037407 them so category if every mathematical
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00184-00037408-00037535 field is an accounting system then
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00185-00037536-00037695 category theory is an accounting system
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00186-00037696-00037918 so what is an accounting system for it's
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00187-00037919-00038062 an accounting system for the fact that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00188-00038063-00038335 we see in the world coherent structures
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00189-00038336-00038487 we see in the world flows of things we
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00190-00038488-00038615 see in the world quantum mechanics we
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00191-00038616-00038799 see in the world likelihoods and we see
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00192-00038800-00038967 in the world coherent structures so if
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00193-00038968-00039111 we want to account for them we need some
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00194-00039112-00039262 language and the one that's been
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00195-00039263-00039511 invented is category theory
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00196-00039512-00039695 and so it makes analogies which are
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00197-00039696-00039862 similarities of structure with different
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00198-00039863-00039967 content
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00199-00039968-00040046 um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00200-00040047-00040230 i've got one thing and another thing a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00201-00040231-00040407 is to be a c is to d
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00202-00040408-00040655 that similarity is made into a formal
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00203-00040656-00040759 object
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00204-00040760-00040902 and category theory has been useful in
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00205-00040903-00041071 math in computer science physics
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00206-00041072-00041287 materials science linguistics
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00207-00041288-00041479 um and moreover one thing i didn't see
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00208-00041480-00041630 on the slide is that category theory
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00209-00041631-00041871 helps you invent new mathematical fields
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00210-00041872-00042023 they might not be big ones that are
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00211-00042024-00042190 studied by a million people you might
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00212-00042191-00042374 just have a micro
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00213-00042375-00042502 custom built
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00214-00042503-00042655 accounting system
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00215-00042656-00042911 written in category theory so you make a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00216-00042912-00043143 new system of structure and what i'm
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00217-00043144-00043358 interested in is what sort of system
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00218-00043359-00043535 accounting system would could be used to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00219-00043536-00043774 account for dynamic interaction
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00220-00043775-00044015 like things interacting
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00221-00044016-00044271 so the driving question
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00222-00044272-00044415 i really prefer to have a question that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00223-00044416-00044583 i can always be asking instead of one
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00224-00044584-00044918 that i need very specific lab to do so i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00225-00044919-00045174 want to know what we have right here
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00226-00045175-00045318 i want to account for this incredible
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00227-00045319-00045495 world that we have because on earth we
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00228-00045496-00045655 have all these amazing forms of life
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00229-00045656-00045830 from cells to humans
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00230-00045831-00046055 like how did that come about and we have
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00231-00046056-00046190 the built world where we have
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00232-00046191-00046367 transportation systems and things like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00233-00046368-00046551 that and we have computers it's an
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00234-00046552-00046855 amazing built world we have language the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00235-00046856-00047039 ability to systematically present
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00236-00047040-00047230 knowledge like a slideshow or a history
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00237-00047231-00047374 book or whatever
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00238-00047375-00047630 we have morality with rules of thumb for
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00239-00047631-00047774 living a good life how did that come
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00240-00047775-00047999 about i think in each of these cases
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00241-00048000-00048239 they evolved through the push and pull
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00242-00048240-00048511 and struggle of living so
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00243-00048512-00048758 language is refined by continually using
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00244-00048759-00048943 language and the way we present
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00245-00048944-00049230 knowledge or the built world the way we
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00246-00049231-00049415 architect things um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00247-00049416-00049655 is continually evolving and in even
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00248-00049656-00049815 morality like you have a bunch of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00249-00049816-00049999 societies that have to live together and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00250-00050000-00050255 they evolve a way to do that so i want
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00251-00050256-00050343 to see
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00252-00050344-00050558 see all that um i want to account for
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00253-00050559-00050727 that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00254-00050728-00050871 so what are these systems and how they
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00255-00050872-00051127 develop and how do we talk about them
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00256-00051128-00051319 all at once um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00257-00051320-00051526 what language is appropriate for giving
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00258-00051527-00051807 accounts of this happening in action
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00259-00051808-00051966 um and can we use that language to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00260-00051967-00052135 engineer new systems
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00261-00052136-00052254 and then something we were talking about
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00262-00052255-00052414 just before we started the talk today is
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00263-00052415-00052647 like what constitutes health or wisdom
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00264-00052648-00052782 what gives the system a sense of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00265-00052783-00052959 direction and how come it keeps finding
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00266-00052960-00053119 good senses of direction in the sense
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00267-00053120-00053326 that evolution
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00268-00053327-00053607 somehow our civilization is offering
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00269-00053608-00053966 more today than it did
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00270-00053967-00054294 in the past
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00271-00054295-00054463 so the only part of this i'm going to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00272-00054464-00054654 discuss is the potential accounting
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00273-00054655-00054815 system that i'm offering here or like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00274-00054816-00054942 the beginning of it
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00275-00054944-00055079 so um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00276-00055079-00055247 in other words i don't know how all this
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00277-00055248-00055375 stuff happened
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00278-00055376-00055542 i just and i don't want to be the one to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00279-00055544-00055654 figure out all the how this stuff
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00280-00055655-00055823 happened because obviously it's more
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00281-00055824-00056007 than even
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00282-00056008-00056182 then you know any group of people could
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00283-00056183-00056454 really finish or even and i don't even
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00284-00056455-00056703 have the capacity to really start
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00285-00056704-00056966 but i think there are many people who do
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00286-00056967-00057150 and already are doing that and all i'm
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00287-00057151-00057335 trying to offer is a way we could put
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00288-00057336-00057791 that into some sort of accounting system
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00289-00057791-00057903 okay
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00290-00057904-00058207 so this this thing we're doing now is
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00291-00058208-00058366 the subject of the talk it's dynamic
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00292-00058367-00058479 interaction
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00293-00058479-00058711 morphology the way that things form like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00294-00058712-00059126 topos institute formed or a person forms
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00295-00059127-00059350 and behavior all that stuff is about
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00296-00059351-00059582 little systems that interact and this
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00297-00059583-00059766 interaction structure itself changes
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00298-00059767-00059950 through time and i'll explain a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00299-00059951-00060119 mathematical language for working with
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00300-00060120-00060319 that sort of thing but on some level
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00301-00060320-00060479 much of this talk will be a case of its
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00302-00060479-00060623 own subject matter
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00303-00060624-00060782 in the sense that um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00304-00060783-00060982 i'm interested in the development of the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00305-00060983-00061159 life's order like what is how does this
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00306-00061160-00061415 develop but in the science system
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00307-00061416-00061615 um this takes place between the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00308-00061616-00061879 interaction between fields so right now
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00309-00061879-00061982 uh
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00310-00061983-00062159 you guys know much more about active
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00311-00062160-00062359 inference and i know more about category
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00312-00062360-00062526 theory and so we're participating in
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00313-00062527-00062750 this science system where we're
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00314-00062751-00062926 interacting and we're having dynamic
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00315-00062927-00063119 interaction because after
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00316-00063120-00063375 this the part where i'm just talking i'm
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00317-00063376-00063630 still looking at blue as she's she's
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00318-00063632-00063806 looking at me and i'm seeing her nod and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00319-00063807-00064015 that that helps me decide what to say
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00320-00064016-00064159 next and whether we're
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00321-00064160-00064366 where um how this communication is
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00322-00064367-00064511 working so we're experiencing the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00323-00064512-00064782 development the the ability for systems
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00324-00064783-00065038 interacting to shape you know shape that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00325-00065039-00065247 interaction and become
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00326-00065248-00065519 sent like sense make together um in real
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00327-00065520-00065882 time here
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00328-00065883-00066206 so the the concepts discussed in this
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00329-00066207-00066455 talk should describe the talk itself as
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00330-00066456-00066694 an interaction so let me just pause for
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00331-00066695-00066919 feedback and just kind of get someone
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00332-00066920-00067055 else's voice into the space if you're
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00333-00067056-00067279 willing uh do you see like kind of what
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00334-00067280-00067438 i'm saying that the math i'm doing i'm
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00335-00067439-00067647 talking about here should be capable i'm
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00336-00067648-00067767 not going to give the description
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00337-00067768-00067903 because i would be like filling out the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00338-00067904-00068087 spreadsheet with all the facts but it's
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00339-00068088-00068271 more like that the map could offer the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00340-00068272-00068423 sort of spreadsheet you would need to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00341-00068424-00068703 talk about this sort of thing
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00342-00068704-00068959 so definitely like math related to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00343-00068960-00069175 interaction is really what active
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00344-00069176-00069382 inference is all about and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00345-00069383-00069638 fundamentally describes like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00346-00069639-00069926 sense and perception and action um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00347-00069927-00070087 daniel joined us for a minute do you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00348-00070088-00070287 have any extra comments i have a feeling
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00349-00070288-00070455 you have something to say here
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00350-00070456-00070526 no
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00351-00070527-00070815 i would just ask uh what can math
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00352-00070816-00071126 describe and where do art
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00353-00071127-00071406 science and other things that are not
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00354-00071407-00071615 math also play roles how do those
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00355-00071616-00071782 interact
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00356-00071783-00071950 great yeah
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00357-00071951-00072063 um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00358-00072064-00072319 cool so
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00359-00072320-00072503 i'm suggesting that math gives you the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00360-00072504-00072743 accounting system and that science fills
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00361-00072744-00072838 it in
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00362-00072839-00073111 but let me um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00363-00073112-00073191 yeah
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00364-00073192-00073311 yeah so i think i'm going to go into
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00365-00073312-00073526 that a little more but so there's a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00366-00073527-00073671 self-reflective character where i'm
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00367-00073672-00073831 saying that um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00368-00073832-00074079 you guys just actually participated in
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00369-00074080-00074343 an interaction with me and like give a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00370-00074344-00074582 kind of sense of direction for this
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00371-00074583-00074871 talk a little bit or or at least um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00372-00074872-00075015 one thing we want to discuss which is
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00373-00075016-00075150 what's matt what's the role of math and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00374-00075151-00075423 science and so we're kind of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00375-00075424-00075606 creating co-creating
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00376-00075607-00075799 uh this sense-making work that we're
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00377-00075800-00075991 doing here through our interaction and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00378-00075992-00076135 so that's kind of what i'm saying is
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00379-00076136-00076271 that there's a self-reflective thing
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00380-00076272-00076471 that the talk itself if you want to you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00381-00076472-00076687 can always dive into this itself as a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00382-00076688-00076782 case
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00383-00076783-00076975 um so that's kind of hanging around but
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00384-00076976-00077159 i'm not going to push really into that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00385-00077160-00077279 the fact that we're building something
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00386-00077280-00077462 together here too much more
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00387-00077463-00077687 uh but it's here
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00388-00077688-00077838 so
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00389-00077839-00078071 i i want to talk about how theory
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00390-00078072-00078231 compresses and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00391-00078232-00078359 information and then and there's
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00392-00078360-00078511 elaboration and there's feedback from
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00393-00078512-00078743 experiment um so i think that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00394-00078744-00078919 compression and elaboration play a big
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00395-00078920-00079182 role in this story we compress our past
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00396-00079183-00079350 into a form that we elaborate in the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00397-00079351-00079575 present so we're constantly forming
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00398-00079576-00079791 memories that are not as big as the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00399-00079792-00080006 thing that their memory of but there are
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00400-00080007-00080175 compressions that we can elaborate in
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00401-00080176-00080319 the present
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00402-00080320-00080575 dna for example compresses a record of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00403-00080576-00080806 who died and who thrived in some sense
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00404-00080807-00081079 into a language of four nuclear types
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00405-00081080-00081303 and um theory any theory is a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00406-00081304-00081519 compression of past experience so the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00407-00081520-00081750 free energy principle is someone has
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00408-00081751-00082015 compressed ideas about what they've seen
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00409-00082016-00082182 over and over and over again
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00410-00082183-00082375 into a very small form
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00411-00082376-00082535 and then whether you're talking about
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00412-00082536-00082831 dna or memories or the free energy
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00413-00082832-00083023 principle these are elaborated in the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00414-00083024-00083255 present so as i speak this theory about
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00415-00083256-00083423 compression or whatever not very
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00416-00083424-00083750 original but it's here um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00417-00083751-00083926 that is an elaboration of something that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00418-00083927-00084143 compressed into these slides in the past
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00419-00084144-00084303 where dna is
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00420-00084304-00084471 somehow read by
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00421-00084472-00084694 messenger rna and i don't know there's a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00422-00084695-00084871 ribosome involved and stuff and it's
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00423-00084872-00085111 elaborated those genes are producing
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00424-00085112-00085287 proteins and those proteins are
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00425-00085288-00085447 elaborated to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00426-00085448-00085526 um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00427-00085527-00085711 are the elaborations that compressed
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00428-00085712-00085991 code and they then create the living
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00429-00085992-00086255 form of the thing so that seems really
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00430-00086256-00086526 important and then similarly experiment
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00431-00086527-00086735 in theory if theory is like compression
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00432-00086736-00086959 and experiments like elaboration these
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00433-00086960-00087111 exist both in biological and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00434-00087112-00087326 mathematical fields so
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00435-00087327-00087518 almost everyone knows everyone who knows
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00436-00087519-00087647 a biology is knows that there's
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00437-00087648-00087806 experiments involved but maybe you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00438-00087807-00087911 wouldn't think that math has
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00439-00087912-00088126 experimentation and i think that it does
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00440-00088127-00088303 but it's the attempts to articulate and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00441-00088304-00088526 compute things that's how you that's how
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00442-00088527-00088735 you are elaborated you talk about things
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00443-00088736-00088982 and you compute and we value a formalism
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00444-00088983-00089238 f if it makes expression and computation
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00445-00089239-00089447 easy so that's the experiment like how
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00446-00089448-00089655 good is this thing well does it make it
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00447-00089656-00089791 easy to say what i want it doesn't make
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00448-00089792-00089926 it easy to compute
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00449-00089927-00090126 so with roman numerals here like i don't
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00450-00090127-00090431 think this is very good at expressing
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00451-00090432-00090623 but i know it's really bad at computing
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00452-00090624-00090823 so if you want to multiply this
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00453-00090824-00090999 roman numeral by this roman numeral
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00454-00091000-00091262 you're just kind of screwed um there's
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00455-00091263-00091471 no procedure you can go through and the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00456-00091472-00091638 only procedure i know is to translate
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00457-00091639-00091918 them into hindi arabic numerals 14 and 6
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00458-00091919-00092175 for example and then use what these are
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00459-00092176-00092311 built for which is using the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00460-00092312-00092447 distributive law
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00461-00092448-00092687 so 14 is 10 plus 4
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00462-00092688-00092975 and um 10 times 6 is easy and 4 times 6
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00463-00092976-00093311 is easy so you get uh 84 and so you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00464-00093312-00093511 translate it back into lxxiv but where
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00465-00093512-00093655 that l came from
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00466-00093656-00093831 or why there are three x's you'll never
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00467-00093832-00093950 figure out
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00468-00093951-00094135 it's just 84.
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00469-00094136-00094318 so the hindi arabic numerals i'm saying
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00470-00094319-00094550 are empirically better like they just
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00471-00094551-00094838 win games right like fibonacci not only
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00472-00094839-00094999 came up with a one one two three five
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00473-00095000-00095174 eight sequence
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00474-00095175-00095287 but
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00475-00095288-00095479 probably more importantly was the one
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00476-00095480-00095711 who brought the hindi arabic numerals so
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00477-00095712-00095782 the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00478-00095783-00095959 hindus apparently invented them and the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00479-00095960-00096103 arabs saved them for a long time and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00480-00096104-00096262 then fibonacci found them and brought
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00481-00096263-00096526 them to to the west and um they're just
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00482-00096527-00096703 better they just won
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00483-00096704-00096879 they just went out
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00484-00096880-00097015 and that's the way that experiment
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00485-00097016-00097255 exists in math
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00486-00097256-00097423 how easy it is to use
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00487-00097424-00097559 and that's the sort of value claim i'm
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00488-00097560-00097750 making about what i'm discussing today
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00489-00097751-00097935 that it's it's a single accounting
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00490-00097936-00098118 system you're not constantly changing
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00491-00098119-00098367 what the notation means or um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00492-00098368-00098638 uh changing um how you're thinking about
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00493-00098639-00098815 things it's all one
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00494-00098816-00099094 system and it just works really well
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00495-00099095-00099294 with itself
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00496-00099295-00099438 so the plan for the talk is that it'll
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00497-00099439-00099774 be in four parts um i'll give a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00498-00099775-00099918 presently available case the thing i'm
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00499-00099919-00100103 trying to model i'll give a whirlwind
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00500-00100104-00100255 tour of what the math actually looks
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00501-00100256-00100447 like i'll talk about some existing
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00502-00100448-00100606 applications and open questions and then
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00503-00100607-00101079 i'll conclude with the summary
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00504-00101080-00101303 okay so the current dynamic arrangement
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00505-00101304-00101447 so this zoom call that we're having
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00506-00101448-00101647 right now and maybe with the youtube
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00507-00101648-00101823 live stream and the people on the chat
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00508-00101824-00102079 etc is a dynamic arrangement so how do
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00509-00102080-00102215 we think about it
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00510-00102216-00102399 i want to break it into three structures
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00511-00102400-00102486 um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00512-00102488-00102702 interfaces dynamics and interactions so
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00513-00102703-00102863 i'm going to have like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00514-00102864-00103102 i think overall six keywords and these
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00515-00103103-00103239 are three of them and i'm sorry there
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00516-00103240-00103518 are so many but they all are different
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00517-00103519-00103682 um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00518-00103683-00103975 so each one of us has an interface so
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00519-00103976-00104206 it's what i can express and take in i'm
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00520-00104207-00104415 expressing through the changes of my
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00521-00104416-00104630 vocal cords and the movement of my hands
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00522-00104631-00104854 and i'm taking in information through
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00523-00104855-00105047 the sensations of my body and my eyes
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00524-00105048-00105334 and my ears and then each one of us has
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00525-00105335-00105566 dynamics so i have some internal state
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00526-00105567-00105783 that you can't see exactly
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00527-00105783-00106039 uh but i'm in having in some mood and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00528-00106040-00106231 i'm expecting to read and all that sort
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00529-00106232-00106447 of stuff and then that's updated by
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00530-00106448-00106719 what i see you guys doing or
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00531-00106720-00106895 what i'm reading on the screen
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00532-00106896-00107086 and then between us there's interaction
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00533-00107088-00107423 which is how my outputs my expression
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00534-00107424-00107566 affects you and how your expression
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00535-00107567-00107686 affects me
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00536-00107688-00107831 so those are
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00537-00107832-00107999 what i think is going on a lot of what's
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00538-00108000-00108127 going on in this dynamic arrangement
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00539-00108128-00108310 between us
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00540-00108311-00108454 it's it's really useful to draw
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00541-00108455-00108623 boundaries around things so you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00542-00108624-00108951 modularize by nesting reference frames
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00543-00108952-00109190 um we have little we reference frames
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00544-00109191-00109399 all i mean by that i don't necessarily
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00545-00109400-00109566 mean the thing they mean in relativity
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00546-00109567-00109678 theory
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00547-00109679-00109815 although i think that would be a case a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00548-00109816-00110071 reference frame is just a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00549-00110072-00110278 box you put around things and you say i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00550-00110279-00110519 can refer to this as alice and this says
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00551-00110520-00110758 bob and stuff like that i want a frame
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00552-00110759-00110966 where i get to have a notation or a way
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00553-00110967-00111215 to refer to things and we have littler
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00554-00111216-00111407 systems interacting within bigger
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00555-00111408-00111519 systems
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00556-00111520-00111678 um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00557-00111679-00111958 all the time we could say that uh atom
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00558-00111959-00112310 with its you know um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00559-00112311-00112502 electron orbitals or whatever is some
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00560-00112503-00112599 kind of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00561-00112600-00112807 uh reference frame
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00562-00112808-00113047 or so but atoms are even molecules we
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00563-00113048-00113143 could think of the molecule the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00564-00113144-00113351 reference frame for all of its atoms you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00565-00113352-00113519 can point to them and refer to them
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00566-00113520-00113719 organizations and societies we
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00567-00113720-00113886 modularize and we say that's a thing
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00568-00113888-00114071 that's a thing that's a thing and we are
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00569-00114072-00114254 putting things together and that's
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00570-00114255-00114623 useful in evolution so for example um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00571-00114624-00114799 according to herbert simon like that's
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00572-00114800-00114983 how evolution is so fast is because it
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00573-00114983-00115231 modularizes our liver and our stomach
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00574-00115232-00115471 and let them evolve independently
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00575-00115472-00115590 um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00576-00115591-00115702 but also
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00577-00115703-00115966 or various systems um circulatory or
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00578-00115967-00116231 nervous system etc but also uh it's
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00579-00116232-00116407 useful in the way we think humans think
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00580-00116408-00116623 about things
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00581-00116624-00116807 i i want to emphasize again that the map
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00582-00116808-00116958 here will not be numerical it'll be
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00583-00116959-00117127 structural so as we move into the map
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00584-00117128-00117271 you'll see how it manages these
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00585-00117272-00117551 reference frames and so like geometry is
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00586-00117552-00117743 about shapes
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00587-00117744-00117943 geometry doesn't have much number in it
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00588-00117944-00118086 but there are numbers a little bit
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00589-00118088-00118239 there's like how big the angle is and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00590-00118240-00118407 how big the sides are but it's really
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00591-00118408-00118566 about the shapes and the congruences and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00592-00118567-00118799 stuff like that and similarly you can
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00593-00118800-00118943 put cat you can put numbers into
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00594-00118944-00119151 category theory it accepts that but it's
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00595-00119152-00119302 really about the structure of why you're
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00596-00119303-00119463 using those numbers and which numbers
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00597-00119464-00119678 can be added to other numbers or what
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00598-00119679-00119895 what the rules are about the numbers and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00599-00119896-00120063 really you don't need numbers at all the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00600-00120064-00120207 relationships that are happening here
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00601-00120208-00120534 for example are not numerical
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00602-00120535-00120727 um but before we get there let's make
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00603-00120728-00120934 sure we understand our principle subject
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00604-00120935-00121127 because
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00605-00121128-00121254 we'd like this map to be able to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00606-00121255-00121447 describe things we work with like cells
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00607-00121448-00121631 or tadpoles or us or
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00608-00121632-00121790 institutes or whatever
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00609-00121791-00121919 um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00610-00121920-00122207 and soon i'll i'll define what i mean by
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00611-00122208-00122447 interface as a mathematical object
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00612-00122448-00122615 but i want to ground this talk and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00613-00122616-00122719 something we can all think about
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00614-00122720-00122871 together and since we don't have cells
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00615-00122872-00123151 or tadpoles here um we're the subject so
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00616-00123152-00123302 this this
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00617-00123303-00123599 this um zoom call let's say and with the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00618-00123600-00123790 live stream and all that is the subject
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00619-00123791-00123990 how do we think about ourselves well
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00620-00123991-00124158 each one of us can do certain things and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00621-00124159-00124383 receive certain things
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00622-00124383-00124663 okay so i can move and listen we each
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00623-00124664-00124886 outwardly express and take in what what
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00624-00124888-00125143 we what we do there um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00625-00125144-00125302 with what i'm calling our interface as i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00626-00125303-00125551 said before and i'm going to call these
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00627-00125552-00125751 things we the blue will always be the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00628-00125752-00125910 things we can do so it's like the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00629-00125911-00126102 positions of my body
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00630-00126103-00126319 and the green will be what i can take in
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00631-00126320-00126502 kind of like what's force the forces
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00632-00126503-00126863 that act on me or the sensorium i have
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00633-00126864-00126943 um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00634-00126944-00127175 that acts on me so any expression
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00635-00127176-00127375 whether it's a sound or attitude is a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00636-00127376-00127543 kind of position it's a position i'm
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00637-00127544-00127783 taking and kind of popular like parlance
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00638-00127783-00127990 or whatever someone's expressing
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00639-00127991-00128158 themselves or taking a position but you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00640-00128159-00128302 could also imagine the position of my
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00641-00128303-00128519 vocal chords uh moving around and that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00642-00128520-00128695 that movement of position is an
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00643-00128696-00129031 expression that comes out as sound
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00644-00129032-00129175 your inner states are reflected
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00645-00129176-00129383 outwardly as these positions it's
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00646-00129383-00129502 happening maybe faster than you can
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00647-00129503-00129710 recognize in the case of vocal chords
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00648-00129711-00129983 but it's still um an expression
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00649-00129983-00130223 using the blue the positions the outward
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00650-00130224-00130431 expression and then the world impinges
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00651-00130432-00130654 on you or and me and it directs me and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00652-00130655-00130886 it moves me by forces so when i see
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00653-00130888-00130999 um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00654-00131000-00131166 you know there could be little forces on
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00655-00131167-00131319 me or you could just say hey would you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00656-00131320-00131631 mind passing the salt and that impinges
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00657-00131632-00131823 on me it directs me to pass the salt it
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00658-00131824-00132007 moves me maybe i don't do it but at
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00659-00132008-00132166 least it changes my internal state to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00660-00132167-00132375 being
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00661-00132376-00132559 being stubborn or something or to being
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00662-00132560-00132775 helpful
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00663-00132776-00132943 so what your body can receive in a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00664-00132944-00133102 moment this is a kind of weird one i'm
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00665-00133103-00133359 not going to emphasize it that much
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00666-00133360-00133599 especially later but but it's true
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00667-00133600-00133766 i think that what your body can receive
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00668-00133767-00133966 in a moment depends on its position so
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00669-00133967-00134135 when your eyes are open the type of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00670-00134136-00134311 thing you can get in through your eyes
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00671-00134312-00134566 is bigger than when your eyes are closed
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00672-00134567-00134823 so more can act on you if i close my
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00673-00134824-00134966 eyes i just won't know what you're what
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00674-00134967-00135071 you're doing
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00675-00135072-00135214 um and when your car goes through a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00676-00135215-00135463 tunnel the gps stops receiving
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00677-00135464-00135751 and when you unplug your monitor um from
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00678-00135752-00136063 your computer it's no longer
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00679-00136064-00136271 or your keyboard is no longer receiving
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00680-00136272-00136447 things so the position
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00681-00136448-00136599 can affect
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00682-00136600-00136783 what it can receive
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00683-00136784-00136959 the monitor is no longer receiving from
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00684-00136960-00137271 the computer if you disconnect
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00685-00137272-00137495 so the story so far is that you output
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00686-00137496-00137727 blue positions and you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00687-00137728-00138039 p-l-u-e and you input um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00688-00138040-00138159 forces
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00689-00138160-00138319 and so
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00690-00138320-00138478 the force
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00691-00138479-00138719 and or sensation or input that you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00692-00138720-00138975 receive changes your internal state
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00693-00138976-00139127 and then your state is reflected
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00694-00139128-00139302 outwardly as a new position i move my
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00695-00139303-00139614 eyes or my head or or my voice box and a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00696-00139615-00139854 new sense so and then if i close my eyes
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00697-00139855-00140031 open my eyes i have this whatever
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00698-00140032-00140127 happens
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00699-00140128-00140278 it may be the same
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00700-00140279-00140527 space of sensations or different but i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00701-00140528-00140799 see new sensations and those uh change
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00702-00140800-00141023 my internal state etc etc so this is
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00703-00141024-00141199 repeat loops repeatedly either
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00704-00141200-00141375 discretely if you want to model it that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00705-00141376-00141623 way or continuously
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00706-00141624-00141823 but then where do these forces inputs
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00707-00141824-00141927 come from
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00708-00141928-00142102 uh they come from this interaction so
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00709-00142103-00142343 the way that we're arranged here i'm
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00710-00142344-00142463 calling it an arrangement that's going
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00711-00142464-00142639 to be another keyword
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00712-00142640-00142799 zoom arranges it
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00713-00142800-00143087 so that my outputs get to you as inputs
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00714-00143088-00143390 so you can hear me and if um as you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00715-00143391-00143631 receive what i say your body shifts and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00716-00143632-00143919 that's your output and that comes to me
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00717-00143920-00144031 so
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00718-00144032-00144166 the way this works is based on the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00719-00144167-00144319 arrangement that we're calling zoom and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00720-00144320-00144543 so now we have another color orange and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00721-00144544-00144711 the program arranges it so we can put
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00722-00144712-00144871 each other's outputs
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00723-00144872-00145063 and our interaction with the program may
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00724-00145064-00145319 change the arrangement itself so if
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00725-00145320-00145575 daniel wanted to he could spotlight me
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00726-00145576-00145702 or mute me
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00727-00145703-00145983 or change how the information is passed
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00728-00145984-00146143 and so
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00729-00146144-00146343 the very things that you're doing the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00730-00146344-00146623 outputs that daniel is doing or me i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00731-00146624-00146799 could ask him to do that or i could mute
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00732-00146800-00147087 myself the part of our outputs have the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00733-00147088-00147231 ability to change the arrangement
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00734-00147232-00147447 between us um we can walk away or
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00735-00147448-00147566 whatever
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00736-00147567-00147702 you don't have to actually view me i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00737-00147703-00147823 don't know why you're smiling but i'm
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00738-00147824-00147999 imagining you doing some uh practical
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00739-00148000-00148151 joke or something
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00740-00148152-00148254 um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00741-00148255-00148471 okay so i'm going to move into the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00742-00148472-00148895 math now um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00743-00148896-00149039 yeah
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00744-00149040-00149231 okay so this algebraic theory of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00745-00149232-00149399 interfaces and arrangements there's a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00746-00149400-00149590 bunch of keywords we're going to use
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00747-00149591-00149766 and here are the six i think one two
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00748-00149767-00150095 three four five six oh seven interfaces
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00749-00150096-00150351 which in uh positions forces states
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00750-00150352-00150559 arrangements enclosures nesting okay i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00751-00150560-00150766 don't think i've said all of them so far
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00752-00150767-00150935 but they shouldn't be too bad at this
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00753-00150936-00151126 point so we each have an interface it's
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00754-00151127-00151287 what we can it's that through which we
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00755-00151288-00151526 interact our interfaces allows ourselves
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00756-00151527-00151719 to express ourselves outward to our
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00757-00151720-00151823 position
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00758-00151824-00151959 and given a position our interface
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00759-00151960-00152159 allows us to receive certain forces or
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00760-00152160-00152319 sensations
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00761-00152320-00152599 our state is changed by the by the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00762-00152600-00152735 received force
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00763-00152736-00152943 and then our state is expressed as a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00764-00152944-00153166 position so where state changes based on
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00765-00153167-00153343 what we see and then we express it and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00766-00153344-00153543 then multiple interfaces interact
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00767-00153544-00153775 together via their current arrangement
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00768-00153776-00154014 how we're arranged together it doesn't
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00769-00154015-00154207 have to be spatial arrangement we are
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00770-00154208-00154399 the three of us here on the zoom call
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00771-00154400-00154695 are arranged i guess in space but really
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00772-00154696-00154871 more importantly in terms of how zoom
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00773-00154872-00155023 wants to arrange us
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00774-00155024-00155239 and we also interact with our enclosure
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00775-00155240-00155423 which is the thing outside is another
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00776-00155424-00155623 interface and these arrangements can be
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00777-00155624-00155766 nested hierarchically so here's a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00778-00155767-00155975 picture and it's a kind of schematic
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00779-00155976-00156166 it's not supposed to be what we really
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00780-00156167-00156487 are but every box here is an interface
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00781-00156488-00156766 so i have one two three four five
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00782-00156767-00156959 but i also have y one as an interface y
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00783-00156960-00157102 two is an interface and a z is an
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00784-00157103-00157295 interface
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00785-00157296-00157431 and the way
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00786-00157432-00157726 way i wanna draw it is that um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00787-00157727-00157951 the interfaces each interface has on the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00788-00157952-00158207 right i'm gonna draw the positions
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00789-00158208-00158447 the outputs so this thing is pushing out
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00790-00158448-00158631 stuff to the right
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00791-00158632-00158999 and on the left it's inputting forces or
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00792-00159000-00159319 directions so maybe this is me here and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00793-00159320-00159414 i'm
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00794-00159415-00159535 seeing through my eyes and i'm
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00795-00159536-00159702 outputting some visual signal and i'm
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00796-00159703-00160031 outputting some auditory signal and then
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00797-00160032-00160159 somebody else
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00798-00160160-00160399 is receiving that auditory signal
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00799-00160400-00160647 and seeing some other thing and that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00800-00160648-00160831 other person is saying something and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00801-00160832-00161087 doing something okay so each box will
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00802-00161088-00161326 have the positions it can be on the left
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00803-00161327-00161590 on the right sorry and the inputs or
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00804-00161591-00161831 sensations or forces on the left
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00805-00161832-00162119 and my outputs become things that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00806-00162120-00162399 force you or direct you or push you or
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00807-00162400-00162639 um are input to you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00808-00162640-00162831 if we're connected like this
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00809-00162832-00162975 uh so
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00810-00162976-00163151 inside of each box you could imagine
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00811-00163152-00163326 there's a state and it's changing based
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00812-00163327-00163511 on what's coming in from the left-hand
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00813-00163512-00163631 wires
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00814-00163632-00163863 so inside of each box is a state
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00815-00163864-00164078 and it's it's being affected by what's
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00816-00164079-00164247 the left and it's pushing out data on
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00817-00164248-00164351 the right
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00818-00164352-00164454 and then
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00819-00164455-00164671 the multiple interfaces are interacting
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00820-00164672-00164911 together in this arrangement so y1 is
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00821-00164912-00165135 supposed to be the outer box here this
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00822-00165136-00165407 middle-sized red box is y1 the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00823-00165408-00165639 arrangement is this formation of wires
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00824-00165640-00165766 here
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00825-00165767-00165847 um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00826-00165848-00166102 this y1 thing is the enclosure it is
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00827-00166103-00166311 enclosing these three things like topos
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00828-00166312-00166535 institute encloses some workers inside
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00829-00166536-00166919 of it or i enclose um some some organs
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00830-00166920-00167119 inside of me or something like that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00831-00167120-00167302 and then these arrangements finally can
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00832-00167303-00167566 be nested hierarchically so there's me
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00833-00167567-00167719 and there's you and then we're
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00834-00167720-00167895 communicating but inside of us is more
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00835-00167896-00168071 stuff and then we're forming this zoom
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00836-00168072-00168319 call z
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00837-00168320-00168511 okay i hope all that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00838-00168512-00168887 terminology is making sense and feels
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00839-00168888-00169126 natural
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00840-00169127-00169287 the thing i didn't say here and is very
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00841-00169288-00169414 hard to draw is that the arrangements
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00842-00169415-00169599 can change through time based on what
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00843-00169600-00170054 flows within them so if i say hey please
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00844-00170055-00170271 mute me or something like that it might
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00845-00170272-00170438 change the arrangement so that you're no
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00846-00170439-00170575 longer receiving
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00847-00170576-00170807 um from me so the arrangement can change
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00848-00170808-00170999 your time based on what flows at the end
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00849-00171000-00171159 of this call when we say goodbye it will
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00850-00171160-00171471 change the arrangement
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00851-00171472-00171566 um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00852-00171567-00171702 okay so now we're really moving into the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00853-00171703-00171959 math so as we said an interface consists
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00854-00171960-00172214 of two things a set of positions
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00855-00172215-00172438 maybe i can be in three positions a b or
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00856-00172439-00172511 c
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00857-00172512-00172775 or maybe i have 44 real numbers worth of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00858-00172776-00172975 positions i'm just outputting this
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00859-00172976-00173119 gigantic
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00860-00173120-00173326 44 dimensional vector constantly or
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00861-00173327-00173566 something but whatever you the point is
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00862-00173567-00173751 to make an accounting system so you can
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00863-00173752-00173911 model what you think
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00864-00173912-00174175 uh are being what the positions are
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00865-00174176-00174302 maybe you can
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00866-00174303-00174471 you can decide for yourself what set of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00867-00174472-00174719 positions uh a being
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00868-00174720-00174990 being of type a could have
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00869-00174991-00175199 what set of positions being of type b
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00870-00175200-00175302 could have
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00871-00175303-00175631 so secondly for every position there's a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00872-00175632-00175983 set of forces f f bracket i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00873-00175984-00176278 or inputs
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00874-00176279-00176487 you could call the censorium it's what
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00875-00176488-00176654 can arrive when you're in that position
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00876-00176655-00176799 if you're a protein and you're folded up
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00877-00176800-00176943 maybe you just can't receive certain
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00878-00176944-00177126 things on your interior you don't
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00879-00177127-00177295 receive charge but when you're unfolded
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00880-00177296-00177478 you're receiving charge
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00881-00177479-00177647 or if you're a hedgehog
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00882-00177648-00177719 as
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00883-00177720-00177902 uh toby smythe says when you're folded
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00884-00177903-00178102 up you can't receive stuff on your belly
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00885-00178103-00178214 or something
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00886-00178215-00178583 okay so um so what we'll encode this as
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00887-00178584-00178838 a polynomial in a single variable y
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00888-00178839-00178975 uh why
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00889-00178976-00179231 why because it stands for yoneta in
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00890-00179232-00179471 category theory and because it doesn't i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00891-00179472-00179654 don't know somehow it's kind of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00892-00179655-00179790 makes you realize this isn't your
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00893-00179791-00180014 standard polynomial it's not an x but i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00894-00180015-00180231 don't know i just use y it's traditional
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00895-00180232-00180431 for me at this point and this is going
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00896-00180432-00180566 to be a polynomial with non-negative
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00897-00180567-00180719 coefficients when you think of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00898-00180720-00180838 polynomials you might think about
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00899-00180839-00181207 numbers and like x squared of 5 is 25
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00900-00181208-00181326 and stuff like that but i'm not going to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00901-00181327-00181471 be plugging in numbers into these
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00902-00181472-00181726 polynomials they're really just ways of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00903-00181727-00181831 housing
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00904-00181832-00182087 the data structure or like what we're
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00905-00182088-00182247 going to want to work with so i know
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00906-00182248-00182390 it's strange but it works really well
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00907-00182391-00182607 and it's formal and i don't freak out
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00908-00182608-00182783 when you see the sum sign because even
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00909-00182784-00182951 though i'm showing you the math i'm not
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00910-00182952-00183159 intending for you to like completely
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00911-00183160-00183366 follow it or need it it's an accounting
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00912-00183367-00183575 system but like fibonacci coming to the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00913-00183576-00183751 west like you might not
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00914-00183752-00183935 you know be able to use it right away
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00915-00183936-00184111 but but if you're interested you'll you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00916-00184112-00184214 could learn
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00917-00184215-00184431 so an interface might be that this would
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00918-00184432-00184638 be the whole interface it'd be a set of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00919-00184639-00184775 positions p
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00920-00184776-00185007 and this dummy variable y that's always
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00921-00185008-00185183 just going to be there because it kind
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00922-00185184-00185471 of holds the place for this exponent
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00923-00185472-00185607 and the exponent
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00924-00185608-00185935 in the position i is the set of forces
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00925-00185936-00186135 you can get in position i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00926-00186136-00186295 so now we've made math for this
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00927-00186296-00186535 interface thing which has positions and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00928-00186536-00186759 for every position a set of forces
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00929-00186760-00186911 that can depend on the position whether
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00930-00186912-00187183 your eyes are closed or open etc
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00931-00187184-00187390 so imagine the interface was
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00932-00187391-00187638 the sum of y to the fifth
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00933-00187639-00187919 y cubed y cubed by cube 62 times y to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00934-00187920-00188135 the zero out of zero you add all those
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00935-00188136-00188207 up
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00936-00188208-00188390 that would have one position that had
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00937-00188391-00188654 five inputs so this sensorium when the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00938-00188655-00188823 person's in this position would be five
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00939-00188824-00189054 possible distinctions they could make
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00940-00189055-00189278 whereas in these 62 positions they could
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00941-00189279-00189495 run around these 62 and be
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00942-00189496-00189647 you would watch them running around here
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00943-00189648-00189759 and every time you know they are
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00944-00189760-00189902 receiving three
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00945-00189903-00190126 um possible distinctions as inputs
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00946-00190127-00190247 whereas when they're over here they're
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00947-00190248-00190423 receiving five when they're over here
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00948-00190424-00190695 they're receiving zero they
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00949-00190696-00190847 they can't receive ever they can't
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00950-00190848-00190950 receive
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00951-00190951-00191247 um here's another polynomial r cubed y
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00952-00191248-00191407 to the r to the million
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00953-00191408-00191559 it it
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00954-00191560-00191695 satisfies this thing these don't have to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00955-00191696-00192031 be finite sets so in this thing it it's
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00956-00192032-00192287 positions it runs around r3 so now it's
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00957-00192288-00192423 running around not only on the surface
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00958-00192424-00192559 of the earth but it's just running
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00959-00192560-00192719 around wherever it wants to in some kind
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00960-00192720-00192919 of fixed coordinate system of the world
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00961-00192920-00193135 of the universe and at any point no
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00962-00193136-00193390 matter where it is it's always receiving
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00963-00193391-00193559 exactly a million
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00964-00193560-00193671 um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00965-00193672-00193823 inputs so maybe
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00966-00193824-00194014 it's receiving a thousand by thousand
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00967-00194015-00194302 image it's got some so that's what it's
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00968-00194303-00194471 receiving but you just make your own
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00969-00194472-00194607 it's an accounting system for you to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00970-00194608-00194863 make your own thing
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00971-00194864-00195166 your own interface and you can make as
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00972-00195167-00195399 many as you want so why why do all this
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00973-00195400-00195599 craziness with polynomials because
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00974-00195600-00195743 what's amazing to me is that the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00975-00195744-00195935 polynomial operations mean things in
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00976-00195936-00196126 terms of interfaces we can add
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00977-00196127-00196399 polynomials you know how to do that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00978-00196400-00196559 you can multiply polynomials you might
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00979-00196560-00196743 remember you do some kind of people call
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00980-00196744-00196863 it foil
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00981-00196864-00197047 you just kind of multiply the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00982-00197048-00197247 polynomials you can compose two
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00983-00197248-00197383 polynomials
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00984-00197384-00197663 like p of q but then there's some
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00985-00197664-00197790 operations you probably haven't heard of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00986-00197791-00198111 like tensor and or and internal harm
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00987-00198112-00198238 and these are just
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00988-00198239-00198343 um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00989-00198344-00198463 these are what are called monoidal
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00990-00198464-00198726 structures on an aminoid closure on
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00991-00198727-00198935 a category polynomials and i'm not
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00992-00198936-00199087 telling you what that means
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00993-00199088-00199247 uh if you know some category theory you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00994-00199248-00199478 can look at it you know already what it
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00995-00199479-00199647 means um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00996-00199648-00199814 but uh
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00997-00199815-00199975 but they all mean something to us in
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00998-00199976-00200183 terms of what you can do to interfaces
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-00999-00200184-00200335 and i'm just repeating this interface
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01000-00200336-00200543 here so if i had one of these called p
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01001-00200544-00200719 and you had one of these called q you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01002-00200720-00200863 could add them you could multiply them
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01003-00200864-00201271 you could compose them etc
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01004-00201272-00201487 so suppose p and q are polynomials
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01005-00201488-00201814 representing two different interfaces
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01006-00201815-00201911 then
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01007-00201912-00202126 what's p plus q well it's another it's
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01008-00202127-00202278 another polynomial so it again
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01009-00202279-00202447 represents an interface
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01010-00202448-00202590 and it would be the sort it would be the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01011-00202591-00202790 interface that can output a position of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01012-00202791-00203102 p or of q
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01013-00203103-00203375 and it's sensorium in a given position
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01014-00203376-00203607 is whichever if it's a position of p it
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01015-00203608-00203790 would be the sensorium of that thing or
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01016-00203791-00203983 the force is there and if it's a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01017-00203984-00204183 position of q it'd be the sensorium or
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01018-00204184-00204414 forces that you can get there
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01019-00204415-00204638 so if p was this
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01020-00204639-00204814 interface this kind of thing that output
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01021-00204815-00204975 these sorts of positions and input these
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01022-00204976-00205262 sorts of forces and q is this one then p
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01023-00205263-00205494 plus q is what nine y to the fifth plus
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01024-00205496-00205734 two y to the fourth plus y cubed and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01025-00205735-00206006 that would be like a machine that can be
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01026-00206007-00206198 either in one of these three states or
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01027-00206200-00206414 one of these three six states and uh
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01028-00206415-00206614 sorry um positions and when they are
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01029-00206615-00206823 they'd be inputting five possible
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01030-00206823-00206942 distinctions
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01031-00206944-00207166 uh or one of these two inputting four
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01032-00207167-00207431 possible distinctions etc
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01033-00207432-00207598 so um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01034-00207600-00207782 that's what p plus q represents it's
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01035-00207783-00207879 somehow
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01036-00207880-00208198 um making a new interface but p times q
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01037-00208200-00208351 represents making a new interface in a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01038-00208352-00208455 different way
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01039-00208456-00208590 uh
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01040-00208591-00208719 something with this interface would
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01041-00208719-00208879 output both opposite you have to like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01042-00208880-00209055 remember how you multiply
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01043-00209056-00209351 polynomials but basically the sum ends
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01044-00209352-00209638 of the product polynomial a sum end of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01045-00209639-00209894 this thing is a sum end of p
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01046-00209896-00210063 and a sum end of q
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01047-00210064-00210398 so the positions of this thing
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01048-00210400-00210591 would be a pair consisting of position
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01049-00210592-00210903 of p and a position of q
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01050-00210904-00211142 but an input there or a sensation or
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01051-00211144-00211334 distinction you can make there would be
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01052-00211335-00211646 one of either p or q because like just
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01053-00211648-00211887 if you remember like what if p was 5y to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01054-00211888-00211991 the fourth
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01055-00211992-00212127 outputs five different things and it
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01056-00212128-00212391 puts four no matter what and q is six y
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01057-00212392-00212510 cubed
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01058-00212511-00212703 outputting six and inputting three then
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01059-00212704-00212871 when you multiply them you would
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01060-00212871-00213119 output 30 i'm just multiplying straight
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01061-00213119-00213358 across here 30 y to the seventh so you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01062-00213359-00213494 output both
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01063-00213496-00213727 a position in p and a position in q a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01064-00213728-00214006 position in this five by six grid here
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01065-00214007-00214158 uh
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01066-00214159-00214358 and then you'd input one of seven things
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01067-00214359-00214694 either something to p or something to q
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01068-00214696-00214887 that's just what times does
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01069-00214888-00215063 you could say well i want to input to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01070-00215064-00215215 both of them i don't want to input to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01071-00215216-00215351 just one or the other
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01072-00215352-00215494 and then you're using a different
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01073-00215496-00215831 operation called tensor so p tensor q
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01074-00215832-00215991 takes these two things and multiplies
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01075-00215992-00216255 both positions and the directions or and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01076-00216256-00216558 the sensoria um and lets you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01077-00216559-00216846 output both and input both all the time
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01078-00216848-00217071 so this operation does that times
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01079-00217071-00217246 operation does one i said plus operation
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01080-00217248-00217446 does that composition is an interesting
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01081-00217448-00217646 one when you compose polynomials what it
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01082-00217648-00217839 would do is an output would be something
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01083-00217840-00217919 that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01084-00217919-00218046 output a p
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01085-00218048-00218287 and then also a strategy for no matter
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01086-00218288-00218582 what the p input was and output of q it
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01087-00218583-00218791 doesn't it doesn't have to wait for you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01088-00218792-00218910 to tell it
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01089-00218911-00219151 what the input to p was it'll just
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01090-00219152-00219327 give you the strategy for automatically
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01091-00219328-00219487 outputting a q thing once you know an
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01092-00219488-00219575 input
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01093-00219576-00219919 so it runs p then q in series and then
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01094-00219919-00220191 yeah and so it uh this thing kind of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01095-00220192-00220367 outputs a protocol but i think i'm going
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01096-00220367-00220487 to say that on the next slide a little
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01097-00220488-00220751 better so um or pretty soon the or
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01098-00220752-00221006 operation runs either p or q or both in
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01099-00221007-00221342 parallel and then this bracket operation
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01100-00221344-00221687 um runs arrangements for wiring p and q
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01101-00221688-00222006 uh if you remember what that means like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01102-00222007-00222142 i'll get into this a little more but
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01103-00222144-00222375 this one is going to output
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01104-00222376-00222598 arrangements of p in q
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01105-00222600-00222958 and input what flows on the wires um so
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01106-00222959-00223055 that's going to be an interesting one
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01107-00223056-00223206 for us later
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01108-00223207-00223334 all i'm really saying is that all these
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01109-00223335-00223567 different operations take interfaces and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01110-00223567-00223791 make new interfaces out of them and that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01111-00223792-00223942 allows you to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01112-00223944-00224351 kind of build things up modularly
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01113-00224352-00224519 um we're also going to be able to we can
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01114-00224519-00224694 also formalize the notion of arrangement
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01115-00224696-00224782 so
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01116-00224783-00224942 we thought about ourselves in the zoom
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01117-00224944-00225191 call as an arrangement because zoom lets
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01118-00225192-00225446 my outputs be your inputs and vice versa
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01119-00225448-00225671 but you could also think about cells and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01120-00225671-00225998 organs and or cells or cell organs um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01121-00226000-00226246 arranged in a cell or cells in a tissue
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01122-00226248-00226375 uh
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01123-00226376-00226503 the arrangement is just how the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01124-00226504-00226687 information passes between those
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01125-00226688-00226887 interfaces i'm not so concerned about
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01126-00226888-00227087 the spatial arrangement except as it
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01127-00227088-00227239 allows information to pass between the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01128-00227240-00227398 interfaces
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01129-00227400-00227639 so here's a picture again and the orange
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01130-00227640-00227967 thing of the arrangement
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01131-00227967-00228206 so two things about this picture
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01132-00228207-00228382 you can see that the arrangement is how
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01133-00228383-00228631 information passes between interfaces
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01134-00228632-00228871 you can kind of see it visually
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01135-00228871-00228982 but two things about this will be
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01136-00228983-00229239 generalized
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01137-00229240-00229415 first the information sharing can be
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01138-00229416-00229631 much messier you don't all you don't
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01139-00229632-00229806 except in a circuit you don't just have
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01140-00229807-00229951 perfect wires
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01141-00229952-00230127 the inputs here might be affected by all
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01142-00230128-00230319 sorts of stuff and second the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01143-00230319-00230519 information sharing can change
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01144-00230519-00230734 like the interfaces can change shape i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01145-00230735-00230951 might close my eyes but also the thing i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01146-00230952-00231087 say to you might change your inner
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01147-00231088-00231375 interaction so i'm that's contained in
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01148-00231376-00231606 this notion of an arrangement
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01149-00231607-00231687 um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01150-00231688-00231894 so formally if you do know category
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01151-00231896-00232023 theory then you've probably heard of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01152-00232023-00232175 categories functors and natural
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01153-00232176-00232406 transformations and polynomials are in
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01154-00232407-00232671 fact functors from set to set and an
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01155-00232671-00232951 arrangement it looks like this picture
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01156-00232952-00233151 but all i mean by it is a natural
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01157-00233152-00233334 transformation of polynomials so every
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01158-00233335-00233567 one of these pictures can be translated
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01159-00233567-00233687 into a natural transformation of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01160-00233688-00233903 polynomial functors
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01161-00233904-00234167 and uh what this picture would be is you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01162-00234167-00234342 take the little arrangement uh little
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01163-00234344-00234663 interfaces p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 you would
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01164-00234664-00234855 tensor them together
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01165-00234856-00235039 and then you the arrangement itself
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01166-00235040-00235175 would be a natural transformation from
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01167-00235176-00235439 p1 tensor p2 tension p5
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01168-00235440-00235710 to q the outer outer
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01169-00235711-00236031 interface here
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01170-00236032-00236206 now what's happening so brief interlude
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01171-00236207-00236342 for meta stuff i just told you that an
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01172-00236344-00236487 arrangement is natural transformation of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01173-00236488-00236639 polynomial functors
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01174-00236640-00236806 and all that's category theory and i'm
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01175-00236807-00236942 not expecting you to know category
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01176-00236944-00237071 theory i'm not expecting the audience to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01177-00237071-00237255 know category three so what's up with
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01178-00237256-00237471 why why would i even tell you um that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01179-00237471-00237671 stuff i'm just trying to show you what
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01180-00237671-00237855 the math looks like let any technical
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01181-00237856-00237991 person in the audience who does know
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01182-00237992-00238239 category theory see that i'm what i'm
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01183-00238240-00238375 talking about and kind of know where to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01184-00238376-00238510 look for what's next
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01185-00238511-00238831 but for everyone else or everyone
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01186-00238832-00238967 i just want to show what the math looks
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01187-00238967-00239167 like and what it's about because so much
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01188-00239167-00239382 of math is quantitative
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01189-00239383-00239558 or maybe it's about shapes or something
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01190-00239559-00239734 but this map is really different so i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01191-00239735-00239927 want you to see it because i want you to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01192-00239928-00240119 ask like what is how is this math and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01193-00240119-00240310 what is it for and the point is it's
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01194-00240311-00240487 about interfaces it's about how you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01195-00240488-00240646 manipulate them how you arrange them how
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01196-00240648-00240846 you nest them and interfaces have
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01197-00240848-00241079 outputs and inputs and they're captured
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01198-00241080-00241263 that can depend on the outputs and that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01199-00241264-00241406 sort of structure is kind of hard to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01200-00241407-00241582 talk about cleanly but it's really well
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01201-00241583-00241767 captured with polynomials
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01202-00241767-00241967 not considered as functions but as like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01203-00241967-00242175 ways of holding structure and then you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01204-00242176-00242319 can do these operations to the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01205-00242319-00242551 polynomials and they get they let you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01206-00242552-00242767 make new interfaces from old
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01207-00242767-00242942 and we'll be talking about arrangements
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01208-00242944-00243119 and dynamics next but again they'll just
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01209-00243119-00243255 be in this category of polynomial
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01210-00243256-00243358 functors
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01211-00243359-00243582 that um it's all kind of the same story
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01212-00243583-00243727 again and again we don't have to change
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01213-00243728-00243942 our accounting system to move between
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01214-00243944-00244191 interfaces arrangements nesting dynamics
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01215-00244192-00244510 etc
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01216-00244511-00244663 okay so dynamics let's look at this
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01217-00244664-00244919 arrangement again what if every pi all
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01218-00244919-00245151 these p's had a dynamical system running
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01219-00245152-00245334 it well then what i'm saying here is
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01220-00245335-00245558 that q therefore would too
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01221-00245559-00245734 so a dynamical system is a thing with
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01222-00245735-00246023 states that evolved through time
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01223-00246023-00246271 uh my current emotional state or the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01224-00246271-00246430 state of like where i think i am in the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01225-00246431-00246655 talk or whatever is my current state and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01226-00246656-00246823 then i look at you guys and i see what
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01227-00246823-00247046 you're looking like or i read the slide
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01228-00247048-00247287 and then it changes and then i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01229-00247288-00247367 um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01230-00247367-00247487 i output something so that's what a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01231-00247488-00247663 dynamical system is
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01232-00247664-00247855 and then it can be formalized as a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01233-00247856-00248142 system of odes or or a discrete
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01234-00248144-00248294 dynamical system or you can just think
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01235-00248296-00248471 of it as a high level idea
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01236-00248471-00248582 um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01237-00248583-00248727 and i've said this so many times now but
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01238-00248728-00248903 i'll say one more time you're in a state
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01239-00248904-00249110 that shows up as your position
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01240-00249111-00249287 in other words your output and then any
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01241-00249288-00249430 possible input you get would change your
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01242-00249431-00249687 state
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01243-00249688-00249855 and right so the math could be discrete
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01244-00249856-00250094 or continuous it both works in this
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01245-00250096-00250351 polynomial setup
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01246-00250352-00250575 so mathematically a dynamical system 1p
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01247-00250576-00250798 is a natural transformation
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01248-00250800-00251119 s y to the s to p
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01249-00251119-00251319 where s is the set of states and again
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01250-00251319-00251471 why am i telling you this because all
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01251-00251471-00251615 the math looks the same whether you're
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01252-00251616-00251742 talking about arrangements as natural
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01253-00251744-00251871 transformations between polynomial
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01254-00251871-00252082 functors or you're talking
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01255-00252083-00252351 about dynamical systems themselves
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01256-00252352-00252591 inhabiting these interfaces they're all
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01257-00252592-00252734 just natural transformations between
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01258-00252735-00252982 polynomial functions
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01259-00252983-00253158 and then
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01260-00253159-00253319 given the arrangement of all these p's
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01261-00253319-00253439 inside of q
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01262-00253440-00253655 which is a natural transformation
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01263-00253656-00253791 and giving this now transformation here
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01264-00253792-00253991 that puts the dynamics in each of them
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01265-00253992-00254271 you get the dynamics in q
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01266-00254271-00254519 so phpi had a dynamical system in it so
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01267-00254519-00254615 would q
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01268-00254616-00255110 by composing natural transformations
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01269-00255111-00255351 so this is the currently the last math
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01270-00255352-00255463 slide
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01271-00255464-00255575 um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01272-00255576-00255703 i want to think about dynamics a bit
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01273-00255704-00255975 more so if you remember a few slides ago
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01274-00255976-00256175 i was talking about operations
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01275-00256176-00256479 in a dynamical system on p plus q
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01276-00256480-00256655 would be one that can switch between p
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01277-00256656-00256782 mode and q mode so sometimes you're
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01278-00256783-00257015 outputting p stuff and inputting from it
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01279-00257016-00257255 sometimes you're outputting q stuff
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01280-00257256-00257510 and inputting from that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01281-00257511-00257687 sorry i'm a little bit sick so my voice
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01282-00257688-00257839 is not great today
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01283-00257840-00258063 um a dynamical system on p times q would
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01284-00258064-00258415 output both simultaneously in any state
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01285-00258416-00258655 it's outputting both but we can receive
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01286-00258656-00258855 from just one or the other
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01287-00258856-00259127 a dynamical system on p tensor q would
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01288-00259128-00259406 output both and receive from both
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01289-00259407-00259671 a dynamical system on p composed q would
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01290-00259671-00259846 be would do the serial protocol where it
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01291-00259848-00259967 outputs a p
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01292-00259967-00260175 and outputs a strategy for taking any
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01293-00260176-00260471 input on p and send and turning it into
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01294-00260471-00260742 an output on q and then it would listen
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01295-00260744-00260830 for
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01296-00260831-00261063 an input on p and an input on q so kind
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01297-00261064-00261239 of just tells you here's what i'm going
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01298-00261240-00261455 to do no matter what you i mean it gives
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01299-00261456-00261679 you a serial protocol is what i'm saying
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01300-00261680-00261806 and what about p
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01301-00261807-00262039 inner hom q this is the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01302-00262040-00262223 in the category polynomials functors
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01303-00262224-00262519 there is a internal harm for tensor you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01304-00262520-00262639 may have absolutely no idea what i'm
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01305-00262640-00262830 talking about but it's something that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01306-00262831-00263039 comes with the math that no one created
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01307-00263040-00263271 it it wasn't invented it just is part of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01308-00263272-00263471 the structure kind of like the complex
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01309-00263472-00263758 numbers are miraculous in the sense that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01310-00263759-00263910 you um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01311-00263911-00264103 you say you want algebraic closure and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01312-00264104-00264255 all of a sudden you get
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01313-00264256-00264423 you get if i have one derivative then i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01314-00264424-00264558 have all derivatives and stuff like that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01315-00264559-00264743 so it's kind of the category of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01316-00264744-00264871 polynomial functors is kind of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01317-00264872-00265047 miraculous it has tons and tons of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01318-00265048-00265255 structure that no one asked it to have
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01319-00265256-00265415 it just hasn't
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01320-00265416-00265582 but what is this structure this internal
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01321-00265583-00265679 harm
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01322-00265680-00265847 well it's the sort of thing that runs
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01323-00265848-00266087 arrangements for p and q
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01324-00266088-00266495 so a dynamical system on this thing
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01325-00266496-00266830 where i tensor p 1 p 2 p 3 p 4 p 5 comma
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01326-00266831-00267006 q and put it in brackets this internal
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01327-00267007-00267103 harm
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01328-00267104-00267271 what it does
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01329-00267272-00267439 it's a dynamical system
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01330-00267440-00267599 this is a polynomial even though it
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01331-00267600-00267767 looks like a big expression it's itself
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01332-00267768-00267919 a polynomial
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01333-00267920-00268263 and this polynomial has outputs and has
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01334-00268264-00268510 inputs as usual and so what a dynamical
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01335-00268511-00268655 system on this would do is would be
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01336-00268656-00268934 output arrangements it output okay now i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01337-00268935-00269079 want you to wire to you and you to wire
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01338-00269080-00269271 to you and you do wire to you so if
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01339-00269272-00269495 you're forming an institute you'd say
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01340-00269496-00269879 wow uh let's have uh this guy report to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01341-00269880-00270110 that person and all that sort of stuff
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01342-00270111-00270334 and you would create some arrangement
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01343-00270335-00270519 and then that's what you output as the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01344-00270520-00270663 ceo say
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01345-00270664-00270806 and then you listen and you see what
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01346-00270807-00270999 flows on the wires and you see how alice
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01347-00271000-00271175 is talking to bob and how bob is talking
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01348-00271176-00271382 to carla and all that stuff and you'd
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01349-00271383-00271582 listen to that and as you listen you'd
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01350-00271583-00271758 say hey actually
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01351-00271759-00271958 i want bob to report to carla instead of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01352-00271959-00272158 alice or whatever and so you would
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01353-00272159-00272375 change the arrangement your inner
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01354-00272376-00272575 internal state would be to listen
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01355-00272576-00272782 and receive
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01356-00272783-00272943 the stuff that's flowing on the wires
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01357-00272944-00273119 and you'd be affected by that and then
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01358-00273120-00273271 you'd output new arrangements for the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01359-00273272-00273439 system and i think that's kind of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01360-00273440-00273679 getting to this morphology thing uh
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01361-00273680-00273887 maybe maybe there are systems that are
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01362-00273888-00273999 monitoring
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01363-00274000-00274199 the the source of transmissions that are
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01364-00274200-00274503 happening between subsystems and then uh
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01365-00274504-00274647 and then
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01366-00274648-00274775 outputting new ways that they should
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01367-00274776-00275015 arrange each other
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01368-00275016-00275358 okay so let me give some applications
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01369-00275359-00275558 digital circuits and control systems fit
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01370-00275559-00275719 neatly here
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01371-00275720-00275903 so a computer is a nested arrangement of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01372-00275904-00276151 dynamical systems
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01373-00276152-00276343 every transistor the dynamical system
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01374-00276344-00276543 and two of them make up a nand gate not
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01375-00276544-00276775 end
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01376-00276776-00276958 and then you can get an or gate by
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01377-00276959-00277127 wiring together three nand gates like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01378-00277128-00277375 this so i've taken my inputs and i split
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01379-00277376-00277527 them and i feed them to the nand into
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01380-00277528-00277655 the nand and then i put them together
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01381-00277656-00277847 and i put them into the nand and now i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01382-00277848-00278006 have or
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01383-00278007-00278143 and this whole thing
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01384-00278144-00278375 is just like nand has two inputs and one
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01385-00278376-00278575 output this whole thing has two inputs
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01386-00278576-00278719 and one output but it's got some
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01387-00278720-00278910 internal structure
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01388-00278911-00279110 and now we've got an or gate we could
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01389-00279111-00279287 nest or gates and and gates and nand
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01390-00279288-00279591 gates and we can get
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01391-00279592-00279830 adder circuits and multiplying circuits
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01392-00279831-00279958 and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01393-00279959-00280087 and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01394-00280088-00280319 alus arithmetic
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01395-00280320-00280447 units whatever
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01396-00280448-00280606 and um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01397-00280607-00280895 and cpus and monitors and they're all
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01398-00280896-00281095 made just with transistors
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01399-00281096-00281230 um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01400-00281231-00281447 like the memory cells are all
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01401-00281448-00281687 are all like flip-flops or just
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01402-00281688-00281975 situated transistors and so we can kind
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01403-00281976-00282191 of make this nested system of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01404-00282192-00282327 transistors
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01405-00282328-00282567 and get a computer and so the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01406-00282568-00282775 arrangement here is all really simple
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01407-00282776-00282982 um it's never changing in time it's
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01408-00282983-00283255 soldered in it's fixed
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01409-00283256-00283479 unlike us on the zoom call its dynamics
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01410-00283480-00283663 are simple every state is just a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01411-00283664-00283910 function of the input only and it it
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01412-00283911-00284110 just uses there's no memory in the in
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01413-00284111-00284455 the transistors and yet because of loops
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01414-00284456-00284719 in the wiring in the arrangement we get
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01415-00284720-00284934 um all possible things that the computer
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01416-00284935-00285039 can do
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01417-00285040-00285327 so with enough nesting and enough um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01418-00285328-00285495 interesting arrangements you even though
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01419-00285496-00285687 the arrangements internally are not that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01420-00285688-00285879 difficult when you nest them they get
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01421-00285880-00285967 really
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01422-00285968-00286175 amazing in the sense you get a computer
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01423-00286176-00286406 and that is the dynamical system that is
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01424-00286407-00286575 happening right now allowing for this
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01425-00286576-00286751 zoom call to take place
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01426-00286752-00286919 i guess there's some internet stuff too
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01427-00286920-00287079 that i don't know how it's made but the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01428-00287080-00287351 computers are made this way
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01429-00287352-00287558 um control systems also have complicated
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01430-00287559-00287727 dynamics let's say this is a power plant
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01431-00287728-00287943 or something but again i'm i think they
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01432-00287944-00288167 basically have fixed arrangement so your
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01433-00288168-00288334 cruise control in your car
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01434-00288335-00288519 isn't changing whether it's listening to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01435-00288520-00288663 the gas or the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01436-00288664-00288967 um maybe for the battery in a hybrid car
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01437-00288968-00289143 there be a changing arrangement but at
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01438-00289144-00289230 least
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01439-00289231-00289399 old-fashioned control systems have a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01440-00289400-00289575 fixed arrangement of how the feedback's
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01441-00289576-00289895 going to work to control the um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01442-00289896-00290327 the speed or whatever temperature
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01443-00290328-00290503 um deep learning also fits into the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01444-00290504-00290710 formalism of polynomial functors but in
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01445-00290711-00290919 a different way here the interfaces are
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01446-00290920-00291079 all the same they're all outputting a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01447-00291080-00291247 real and inputting a real
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01448-00291248-00291382 um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01449-00291383-00291543 now and the arrangements are all really
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01450-00291544-00291751 simple they're activated weighted sums
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01451-00291752-00291927 now i i'm drawing this differently than
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01452-00291928-00292054 most people would most people would put
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01453-00292055-00292247 these three boxes on the left
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01454-00292248-00292471 of this big box
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01455-00292472-00292734 um and they'd wire the three things in
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01456-00292735-00292903 and it would seem like this was a box
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01457-00292904-00293119 taking r3 to r
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01458-00293120-00293254 the way i'm
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01459-00293255-00293358 thinking about
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01460-00293359-00293510 because i want to put this into the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01461-00293511-00293719 context of this accounting system of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01462-00293720-00293951 polynomial functors it works better to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01463-00293952-00294110 think about
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01464-00294111-00294334 a neuron listening to some neurons on
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01465-00294335-00294543 his left or some predecessor things so
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01466-00294544-00294734 like a higher level thing listening to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01467-00294735-00294919 lower level things
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01468-00294920-00295079 it makes more sense formalism to put
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01469-00295080-00295223 them inside
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01470-00295224-00295358 um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01471-00295359-00295558 and then the arrangement isn't just a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01472-00295559-00295815 fixed isn't just a wiring diagram but it
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01473-00295816-00295943 has more structure as i said those
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01474-00295944-00296263 wiring diagrams were just easy cases um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01475-00296264-00296471 often it's more complex but they're
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01476-00296472-00296639 still arrangements in the sense of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01477-00296640-00296782 natural transformations of polynomial
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01478-00296783-00296879 functors
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01479-00296880-00297030 and what this arrangement would do is it
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01480-00297031-00297303 take the output of these sub guys and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01481-00297304-00297463 weight them maybe multiply this one by
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01482-00297464-00297782 3.2 etc add them up and then do an
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01483-00297783-00298006 activation function and output that to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01484-00298007-00298247 the higher level bigger thing
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01485-00298248-00298479 then when it gets a loss in it would
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01486-00298480-00298743 take the gradient and pass the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01487-00298744-00299006 components of that gradient to the three
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01488-00299007-00299158 um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01489-00299159-00299367 uh or past the components of that loss
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01490-00299368-00299558 to the three things and then take the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01491-00299559-00299654 gradient
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01492-00299655-00299910 and change the wiring diagram not the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01493-00299911-00300095 wiring but the interaction pattern so it
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01494-00300096-00300358 would change these three numbers
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01495-00300359-00300551 so the information flowing out is the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01496-00300552-00300710 inner box's current guess about what's
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01497-00300711-00300871 going on in the world the current
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01498-00300872-00300999 weighted sum
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01499-00301000-00301199 is like the these guys send out their
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01500-00301200-00301447 guesses we add them up we send out our
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01501-00301448-00301671 guests as the higher level manager here
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01502-00301672-00301847 and then we get some loss function we
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01503-00301848-00302127 distribute it to our sub units we also
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01504-00302128-00302343 use it to change the arrangement
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01505-00302344-00302543 um here so
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01506-00302544-00302695 this the changing of weights in the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01507-00302696-00302847 training of a neural network
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01508-00302848-00303103 is the uh is the changing arrangements
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01509-00303104-00303279 that i've been kind of pushing
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01510-00303280-00303551 this whole time
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01511-00303552-00303775 um right the arrangement is dynamic the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01512-00303776-00303879 loss
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01513-00303880-00304087 not only is sent to little boxes but is
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01514-00304088-00304279 updating the arrangement the collection
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01515-00304280-00304615 of weights
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01516-00304616-00304727 um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01517-00304728-00304934 so deep neural networks is one of four
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01518-00304935-00305087 examples we currently have of a certain
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01519-00305088-00305343 structure that a postdoc working with
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01520-00305344-00305582 medium brandon shapiro and i are calling
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01521-00305583-00305775 a dynamic organizational structure or
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01522-00305776-00305927 dynamic opera
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01523-00305928-00306071 um it's a fractal-like system of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01524-00306072-00306295 arrangements that change through time
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01525-00306296-00306430 where the arrangement decides how
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01526-00306431-00306551 information flows through the system
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01527-00306552-00306743 just like i've been saying and yet the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01528-00306744-00306863 flowing information contains the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01529-00306864-00307087 arrangement just like i've been saying
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01530-00307088-00307254 and we formalized this using category
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01531-00307255-00307439 theory and the four examples we have are
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01532-00307440-00307575 deep learning like i was talking about
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01533-00307576-00307710 in the previous slide
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01534-00307711-00307999 prediction markets um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01535-00308000-00308182 hebbian learning so this is with sophie
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01536-00308183-00308439 lipkind and non-cooperative strategic
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01537-00308440-00308671 games so we have only four examples of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01538-00308672-00308823 this structure but i'm guessing there
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01539-00308824-00309006 are many more so i'm guessing for
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01540-00309007-00309182 example that active inference can be
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01541-00309183-00309310 another one or maybe free energy
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01542-00309311-00309575 minimization or something like that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01543-00309576-00309727 the point is that these are like very
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01544-00309728-00310047 fractal structures where like the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01545-00310048-00310199 a collection of deep learners or
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01546-00310200-00310327 gradient descenders if you put them
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01547-00310328-00310439 together you get another gradient
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01548-00310440-00310551 descender
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01549-00310552-00310767 if you take a bunch of predictors and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01550-00310768-00310910 make them into a single predictor you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01551-00310911-00311087 get another predictor
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01552-00311088-00311263 so like the collection of predictors
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01553-00311264-00311471 becomes a predictor
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01554-00311472-00311639 and the way that um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01555-00311640-00311910 the way that predictors are
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01556-00311911-00312103 the way that wealth or trust is
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01557-00312104-00312310 distributed between predictors is
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01558-00312311-00312503 properly nested and stuff like that i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01559-00312504-00312734 can't really go into it but uh i'm
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01560-00312735-00312919 interested in whether well i'll say that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01561-00312920-00313110 next slide
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01562-00313111-00313319 okay so wrapping up kind of many people
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01563-00313320-00313495 think of math about number but it's not
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01564-00313496-00313710 a math subject an accounting system
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01565-00313711-00313839 tracks certain things
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01566-00313840-00314023 and what we're trying to track above is
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01567-00314024-00314230 dynamic arrangements math is called
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01568-00314231-00314406 polynomial functors and it's well known
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01569-00314407-00314615 in beloved in category theory and it
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01570-00314616-00314799 accounts for interfaces dynamics and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01571-00314800-00315030 arrangements in a really nice way
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01572-00315031-00315175 and it's about building a bigger system
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01573-00315176-00315358 from little littler parts
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01574-00315359-00315551 it accounts for composing circuits and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01575-00315552-00315734 control systems and deep learning and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01576-00315735-00315887 prediction markets
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01577-00315888-00316103 and then you could combine these because
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01578-00316104-00316310 they're all in one formalism you could
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01579-00316311-00316510 take your control system and hit hook it
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01580-00316511-00316679 up to a deep learning system and put
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01581-00316680-00316887 that in a prediction market and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01582-00316888-00317047 you all of it's just polynomial
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01583-00317048-00317295 functions all the way down
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01584-00317296-00317495 i think it might have
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01585-00317496-00317639 maybe i should have said might have
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01586-00317640-00317847 particular value in active inference
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01587-00317848-00317934 uh
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01588-00317935-00318127 because it lets us talk coherently and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01589-00318128-00318295 precisely about these things like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01590-00318296-00318503 changing interfaces i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01591-00318504-00318654 i might be wrong but i don't know that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01592-00318655-00318791 that's a part of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01593-00318792-00319079 the formalism of active inference today
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01594-00319080-00319223 um in terms of like changing the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01595-00319224-00319391 arrangement and stuff like that but i'm
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01596-00319392-00319527 interested to hear more
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01597-00319528-00319623 you guys
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01598-00319624-00319823 um changing how things communicate
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01599-00319824-00319967 change how the communication pattern
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01600-00319968-00320119 itself changes as information is
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01601-00320120-00320358 exchanged
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01602-00320359-00320510 but if we wanted to make active
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01603-00320511-00320679 inference into a dynamic organizational
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01604-00320680-00320854 structure for example
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01605-00320855-00320958 um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01606-00320959-00321310 you might like uh
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01607-00321311-00321463 dynamic organizational structure one
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01608-00321464-00321606 person when they saw that they thought
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01609-00321607-00321695 oh
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01610-00321696-00321903 you should really call it multi-scale
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01611-00321904-00322071 dynamic organizational structure in
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01612-00322072-00322247 order to really clarify your particular
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01613-00322248-00322671 brand here um but uh maybe not so
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01614-00322672-00322839 especially so what would we do if we
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01615-00322840-00323030 wanted to make free energy minimization
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01616-00323031-00323247 a dynamic organizational structure well
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01617-00323248-00323454 we would specify all the interfaces that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01618-00323455-00323615 we're going to be talking about that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01619-00323616-00323806 would be used to house free energy
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01620-00323807-00323982 minimizers like what is a free energy
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01621-00323983-00324175 minimizer allowed to output and what are
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01622-00324176-00324327 they allowed to input
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01623-00324328-00324503 and you would get clear on that as step
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01624-00324504-00324743 one and then you would consider how free
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01625-00324744-00325095 energy minimizers arrange themselves
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01626-00325096-00325254 like what an arrangement of free energy
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01627-00325255-00325415 minimizers would be
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01628-00325416-00325687 where if you arrange them in that way
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01629-00325688-00325910 it would constitute a larger scale free
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01630-00325911-00326071 energy minimizer
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01631-00326072-00326239 so that's the sort of thing you would
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01632-00326240-00326543 have to ask to make this into a dynamic
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01633-00326544-00326751 organizational structure and as long as
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01634-00326752-00326934 they all cohere nicely
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01635-00326935-00327158 there's some formal check we would do we
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01636-00327159-00327319 would have a dynamic organizational
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01637-00327320-00327534 structure
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01638-00327535-00327743 so to summarize
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01639-00327744-00327887 i feel like i've said it a million times
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01640-00327888-00328079 now but applied category theory is math
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01641-00328080-00328310 for tracking interlocking structures
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01642-00328311-00328534 cohering structures it's not about how
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01643-00328535-00328727 much of something there is it's about
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01644-00328728-00328910 how it's arranged
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01645-00328911-00329063 and it applies in quantum mechanics and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01646-00329064-00329215 computer science and math and material
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01647-00329216-00329463 science and linguistics but it focuses
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01648-00329464-00329751 on structural questions in each one it
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01649-00329752-00329967 allows the content to be something that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01650-00329968-00330199 someone else handles later and it's just
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01651-00330200-00330343 telling you how you're going to be
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01652-00330344-00330503 handling that content so that you don't
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01653-00330504-00330727 kind of step on each other's toes as you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01654-00330728-00330903 um as you use it
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01655-00330904-00331103 so i'm interested i'm interested in the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01656-00331104-00331263 structure of interacting dynamical
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01657-00331264-00331519 systems like how i want to account for
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01658-00331520-00331710 be able to account for this
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01659-00331711-00331830 i don't want to necessarily give the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01660-00331831-00331919 account
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01661-00331920-00332054 but i want to be able to account for
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01662-00332055-00332206 this stuff that we're doing here
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01663-00332207-00332406 together how we change how we're
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01664-00332407-00332623 inputting you know i'm changing by
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01665-00332624-00332799 turning the speaker off or disconnecting
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01666-00332800-00333006 and therefore not inputting the same or
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01667-00333007-00333215 how we're outputting you know muting or
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01668-00333216-00333447 camera off and how all that affects what
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01669-00333448-00333687 happens on this call or wherever we are
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01670-00333688-00333847 and how we change and what we learn and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01671-00333848-00334054 how we make sense of things together
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01672-00334055-00334230 so again i don't have specifics but what
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01673-00334231-00334406 i'm offering is this accounting system
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01674-00334407-00334615 this category of polynomial functors to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01675-00334616-00334823 account for dynamic arrangements and i'm
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01676-00334824-00335047 hoping that it um is helpful for
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01677-00335048-00335271 thinking about active inference
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01678-00335272-00335727 so that's it happy to talk about stuff
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01679-00335728-00335887 that's super awesome david thank you so
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01680-00335888-00336054 much um i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01681-00336055-00336271 have a million questions but i didn't
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01682-00336272-00336415 want to interrupt because i was really
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01683-00336416-00336558 enjoying just
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01684-00336559-00336734 hearing you um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01685-00336735-00336958 because it like helps it gel more
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01686-00336959-00337182 solidly in my brain if you can
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01687-00337183-00337382 if the interaction is like give me all
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01688-00337383-00337558 the things and then let me like pick
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01689-00337559-00337710 apart the little pieces and maybe that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01690-00337711-00337991 works for hopefully the audience also
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01691-00337992-00338175 uh danielle did you are you watching the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01692-00338176-00338358 youtube chat is there questions no do
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01693-00338359-00338558 you want to go before i go because i'll
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01694-00338559-00338719 interrogate him for a while
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01695-00338720-00338919 okay and this doesn't block you does it
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01696-00338920-00339063 this thing up here
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01697-00339064-00339319 no it looks fine okay okay i moved it
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01698-00339320-00339495 seems for you to be there
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01699-00339496-00339695 lou please begin the interrogation and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01700-00339696-00339903 i'll be ready with the live questions
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01701-00339904-00339991 soon
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01702-00339992-00340334 cool all right um okay so let me just go
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01703-00340335-00340575 back to the beginning
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01704-00340576-00340767 um so in the very beginning you said
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01705-00340768-00340967 that you feel like active inference kind
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01706-00340968-00341206 of meshes with category theory
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01707-00341207-00341495 um and i just i'm curious
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01708-00341496-00341727 as i mean i think like i kind of got a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01709-00341728-00341903 really good idea through the course of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01710-00341904-00342143 your talk but maybe you could articulate
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01711-00342144-00342263 the why
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01712-00342264-00342471 um to maybe kind of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01713-00342472-00342663 help us understand
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01714-00342664-00342863 where that that basis is coming from on
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01715-00342864-00342967 your house
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01716-00342968-00343119 cool yeah
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01717-00343120-00343399 when i when i first heard it it was one
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01718-00343400-00343534 thing was like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01719-00343535-00343775 utility and prediction are
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01720-00343776-00343895 melded
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01721-00343896-00344158 like what i want is i'm just expecting
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01722-00344159-00344334 the world to be a certain way and what i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01723-00344335-00344551 want is for it to be that way so if i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01724-00344552-00344687 want to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01725-00344688-00344806 um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01726-00344807-00345054 if i really if i really intend
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01727-00345055-00345263 to have something it's because i know
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01728-00345264-00345463 that it i kind of deserve it i can't
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01729-00345464-00345591 actually
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01730-00345592-00345727 i think people might have fantasies
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01731-00345728-00345895 where they think they can
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01732-00345896-00346039 get things they don't deserve or
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01733-00346040-00346239 something but it doesn't work out i'm
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01734-00346240-00346399 not sure i feel like i'm going into too
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01735-00346400-00346654 much there but but i like this idea of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01736-00346655-00346847 um melding those two things because
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01737-00346848-00347103 utility never really made sense to me
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01738-00347104-00347182 uh
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01739-00347183-00347343 it's like where do i get this utility
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01740-00347344-00347487 function from
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01741-00347488-00347687 well but i really what i somehow thought
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01742-00347688-00347830 was like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01743-00347831-00348015 like what they're saying is like my my
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01744-00348016-00348182 knees are a certain way
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01745-00348183-00348351 they're a prediction
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01746-00348352-00348543 of like the fact that gravity will be in
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01747-00348544-00348734 a certain range or my lungs can take in
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01748-00348735-00348878 this sort of or this way because they're
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01749-00348879-00348991 a prediction
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01750-00348992-00349223 that my lineage has made about what sort
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01751-00349224-00349478 of atmosphere i'm going to be put into
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01752-00349479-00349639 and um the things i'm saying to you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01753-00349640-00349799 right now like utility whatever i'm
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01754-00349800-00349967 using to decide how good it is for me to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01755-00349968-00350215 say a thing is my prediction of what's
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01756-00350216-00350423 what's actually wanted here
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01757-00350424-00350582 so i like that it like reduced the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01758-00350583-00350782 number of variables there like instead
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01759-00350783-00350943 of a number of entities in the universe
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01760-00350944-00351158 or something from utility and prediction
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01761-00351159-00351310 just to prediction
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01762-00351311-00351447 um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01763-00351448-00351639 i don't remember
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01764-00351640-00351727 like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01765-00351728-00351910 other things exactly but i just remember
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01766-00351911-00352127 kind of feeling like oh i also like that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01767-00352128-00352351 it's scale free so free energy
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01768-00352352-00352606 minimization for example
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01769-00352607-00352919 or or bayesian predict you know updatey
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01770-00352920-00353110 stuff doesn't need you to be at a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01771-00353111-00353303 particular scale it's not about
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01772-00353304-00353534 subatomic particles or something i like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01773-00353535-00353695 this scale free
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01774-00353696-00353830 and um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01775-00353831-00354095 and that somehow it's a physics-y thing
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01776-00354096-00354278 like i'm really looking for a scale-free
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01777-00354279-00354487 thing you mentioned emergence blue and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01778-00354488-00354599 i'm going to stop talking soon because i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01779-00354600-00354878 know your lifestyle thing but but um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01780-00354879-00355063 i i'm not a huge fan of the concept of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01781-00355064-00355182 emergence because i feel like it's
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01782-00355183-00355351 usually talking assuming we're going to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01783-00355352-00355623 start from a low level and then say
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01784-00355624-00355830 and then the next level is magic and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01785-00355831-00355951 then they start from that level they're
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01786-00355952-00356071 like and then the next level is magic
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01787-00356072-00356247 and i'm really looking for like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01788-00356248-00356471 the principles where
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01789-00356472-00356647 the inductive step
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01790-00356648-00356775 the move from
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01791-00356776-00356975 n to n plus one is the thing we're
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01792-00356976-00357182 monitoring so we're never like confused
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01793-00357183-00357375 we're like whoa where did this amazing
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01794-00357376-00357615 thing happen we're always seeing we're
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01795-00357616-00357871 we're monitoring that part and um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01796-00357872-00358047 i really like that free energy
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01797-00358048-00358182 minimization
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01798-00358183-00358367 and entropy maximization and stuff like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01799-00358368-00358582 that is the sort of thing that i could
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01800-00358583-00358775 imagine happening at all scales no
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01801-00358776-00358982 matter if you're a person or you're a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01802-00358983-00359534 cell or you're an atom
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01803-00359535-00359687 well definitely i have to apologize for
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01804-00359688-00359806 this like beeping what's going on in my
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01805-00359807-00360047 background i'll try to remember to mute
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01806-00360048-00360310 but i i do think that like yes emergence
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01807-00360311-00360495 is cool but also there's this
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01808-00360496-00360647 bi-directional
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01809-00360648-00360934 information flow um and when we had mike
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01810-00360935-00361127 levin come on to the live stream he
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01811-00361128-00361287 really talked about it when he discussed
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01812-00361288-00361439 his paper the computational boundary of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01813-00361440-00361710 the self so yes like there are bottom up
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01814-00361711-00361910 um there are emergent properties that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01815-00361911-00362175 happen in a collective but there's also
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01816-00362176-00362454 top down constraints on those emergent
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01817-00362455-00362710 properties that come from the quote
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01818-00362711-00362934 higher level or maybe like larger scale
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01819-00362935-00363087 so like if we're building things up and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01820-00363088-00363327 down there's constraints that go down
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01821-00363328-00363543 and information that comes up and you've
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01822-00363544-00363678 got to have this bi-directional
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01823-00363679-00363910 information flow to even start to think
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01824-00363911-00364143 about drawing any kind of boundary or
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01825-00364144-00364423 creating like an interface around like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01826-00364424-00364623 the thing itself like that like we we
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01827-00364624-00364799 caught we talked about cognitive cones
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01828-00364800-00364910 mike love and i don't know if you're
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01829-00364911-00365119 familiar with that paper but yeah
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01830-00365120-00365215 um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01831-00365216-00365351 it was cool
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01832-00365352-00365463 cool
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01833-00365464-00365606 it's something else and so i know like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01834-00365607-00365799 you've talked with mike a lot and also
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01835-00365800-00366078 with chris fields um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01836-00366079-00366287 and when chris came he really talked to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01837-00366288-00366391 us about
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01838-00366392-00366606 contextuality
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01839-00366607-00366919 and he started to get into some
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01840-00366920-00367230 math that i think is maybe related to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01841-00367231-00367358 some of the things that you were talking
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01842-00367359-00367575 about here so you talked about
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01843-00367576-00367782 operations that correspond to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01844-00367783-00368039 interactions between sets
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01845-00368040-00368327 um and chris talked to us about two
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01846-00368328-00368647 spaces and like channel theory and as
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01847-00368648-00368871 these like interactions that transform
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01848-00368872-00369082 sets as um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01849-00369083-00369239 infomorphisms
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01850-00369240-00369478 so like uh i i don't know if any of that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01851-00369479-00369806 like language um speaks to to this or or
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01852-00369807-00369982 is like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01853-00369983-00370175 it's hard for me to tell what is the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01854-00370176-00370463 language of category theory and and what
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01855-00370464-00370743 is like the application of the category
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01856-00370744-00371006 theory to something in real life or or
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01857-00371007-00371223 that's not just you know the set of x
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01858-00371224-00371391 such that x is less than or equal to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01859-00371392-00371671 like these kinds of math words right
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01860-00371672-00371927 right yeah so the the two spaces stuff
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01861-00371928-00372095 is definitely category theory and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01862-00372096-00372303 relates um there's a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01863-00372304-00372439 nice way of talking about the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01864-00372440-00372710 relationship between um true space and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01865-00372711-00372871 polynomial functors although i don't
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01866-00372872-00372991 have it on the tip of my tongue right
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01867-00372992-00373063 now
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01868-00373064-00373175 um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01869-00373176-00373406 so these polynomial functors are kind of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01870-00373407-00373599 bi-directional
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01871-00373600-00373758 because the like if you have these
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01872-00373759-00373927 arrangements which are maps of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01873-00373928-00374319 polynomial functors
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01874-00374320-00374463 this sort of thing
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01875-00374464-00374647 this uh
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01876-00374648-00374871 quote unquote higher level thing
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01877-00374872-00375047 is talking to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01878-00375048-00375295 the lower level things lower level
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01879-00375296-00375439 things are talking to each other and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01880-00375440-00375582 they're also talking to the higher level
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01881-00375583-00375687 thing so there's this kind of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01882-00375688-00375943 bi-directional thing there and so on
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01883-00375944-00376127 that level i'd say
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01884-00376128-00376367 um yes it does sound similar to what
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01885-00376368-00376703 mike uh chris fields was saying and then
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01886-00376704-00376854 but you also asked like what is the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01887-00376855-00377087 application of category theory
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01888-00377088-00377358 um so once you have an accounting system
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01889-00377359-00377543 you can build a tool from it so if
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01890-00377544-00377734 someone says hey i got this great idea
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01891-00377735-00377951 it's all about plus and times and like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01892-00377952-00378134 dollars can be added but not multiplied
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01893-00378135-00378287 and they can be multiplied by numbers
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01894-00378288-00378495 but not each other or whatever you make
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01895-00378496-00378687 this rule and then someone could build a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01896-00378688-00378910 spreadsheet that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01897-00378911-00379134 program that incorporates that rule
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01898-00379135-00379254 and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01899-00379255-00379423 maybe current spreadsheets don't allow
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01900-00379424-00379623 you don't keep you on the rails with
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01901-00379624-00379767 respect to not multiplying two dollar
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01902-00379768-00379943 figures but you could imagine that they
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01903-00379944-00380047 they did
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01904-00380048-00380223 um so what's the application the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01905-00380224-00380375 application is that once you have the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01906-00380376-00380551 accounting system the mathematical
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01907-00380552-00380743 accounting system you can build tools
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01908-00380744-00380902 from it or you can just think through it
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01909-00380903-00381095 on the whiteboard or something but if
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01910-00381096-00381302 you build tools
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01911-00381303-00381582 uh let's that's a major way people use
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01912-00381583-00381671 math
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01913-00381672-00381863 um calculus or whatever they simulate
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01914-00381864-00381967 things
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01915-00381968-00382134 if you use category theory what it lets
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01916-00382135-00382406 you do is you say i have this annoyed
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01917-00382407-00382582 category called poly
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01918-00382583-00382734 and then someone says
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01919-00382735-00382910 you know they want to implement it well
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01920-00382911-00383023 instead of thinking about all the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01921-00383024-00383182 features they want from an interface
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01922-00383183-00383382 language and they're like oh and let's
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01923-00383383-00383567 have it print like this and let's have
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01924-00383568-00383767 it publish the web like that and like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01925-00383768-00383958 you know they have all these features
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01926-00383959-00384119 what it allows you to do is not look at
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01927-00384120-00384415 any feature requests you just implement
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01928-00384416-00384623 the accounting system you just put it in
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01929-00384624-00384767 there just the map
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01930-00384768-00384919 and you call it a day and then if
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01931-00384920-00385087 somebody else wants to add stuff you do
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01932-00385088-00385319 it later and you don't use that to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01933-00385320-00385430 influence
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01934-00385431-00385695 kind of the basic code it allows you to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01935-00385696-00385902 write very very highly structured and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01936-00385903-00386134 very compressed code that does
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01937-00386135-00386375 that does all of the major
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01938-00386376-00386599 back-end work of the thing and then
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01939-00386600-00386830 every other feature request is like you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01940-00386831-00387030 know that's kind of the gold plating or
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01941-00387031-00387151 like the thing that makes a user
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01942-00387152-00387254 interface
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01943-00387255-00387478 for it but um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01944-00387479-00387623 does that make sense as a as an
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01945-00387624-00387871 application
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01946-00387872-00388151 yeah and like perfectly segues into my
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01947-00388152-00388375 next question actually so so you talked
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01948-00388376-00388495 about um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01949-00388496-00388719 category theory as like a potential
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01950-00388720-00389119 accounting system and early on um even
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01951-00389120-00389239 actually i think you even mentioned
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01952-00389240-00389527 morality in your talk but even before we
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01953-00389528-00389743 were talking about intelligence and like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01954-00389744-00389982 grounding and ethics and wisdom
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01955-00389983-00390054 and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01956-00390055-00390343 um i'm now like in kernel studying
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01957-00390344-00390582 um regenerative finance
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01958-00390583-00390854 and potentially like new ways
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01959-00390855-00390927 to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01960-00390928-00391134 develop like accounting systems that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01961-00391135-00391382 maybe involve like carbon credit or some
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01962-00391383-00391654 kind of moral or ethical bound that's
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01963-00391655-00391967 like a new system for like not just plus
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01964-00391968-00392119 and minus dollars
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01965-00392120-00392415 but but maybe like a new um system for
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01966-00392416-00392615 accounting that like a ledger that that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01967-00392616-00392719 allows
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01968-00392720-00393030 for more thoughtful consideration into
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01969-00393031-00393295 um or of like the environment and just
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01970-00393296-00393487 the world at large and humanity and our
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01971-00393488-00393799 our fate and future as a species um and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01972-00393800-00393927 i just wonder if you've thought about
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01973-00393928-00394127 that or um and i definitely think like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01974-00394128-00394254 you definitely think that category
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01975-00394255-00394463 theory can maybe jump in and rescue us
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01976-00394464-00394606 here or just what are your thoughts on
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01977-00394607-00394695 that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01978-00394696-00394806 yeah so
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01979-00394807-00395071 category theory um you have to do the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01980-00395072-00395254 work of deciding what your
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01981-00395255-00395423 accounting system is in some sense like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01982-00395424-00395591 it helps you decide what
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01983-00395592-00395775 what things
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01984-00395776-00395999 since it has talked about all of math
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01985-00396000-00396263 um it can be written in category theory
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01986-00396264-00396487 at this point um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01987-00396488-00396758 or at least all that i i can think of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01988-00396759-00396982 it's got all all of math is the stuff
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01989-00396983-00397127 that people have used so far to think
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01990-00397128-00397334 about the world and so it's somehow our
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01991-00397335-00397502 getting all of that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01992-00397503-00397695 into a single system so it's likely that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01993-00397696-00397847 whatever we're thinking about
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01994-00397848-00398143 now with this regenerative finance etc
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01995-00398144-00398230 if
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01996-00398231-00398423 you know there would would be some good
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01997-00398424-00398558 way of putting it into category theory
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01998-00398559-00398702 but that still has to be done it won't
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-01999-00398703-00398975 rescue you except it'll be there as like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02000-00398976-00399182 yeah i think i could if i had an expert
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02001-00399183-00399358 to work with i could do it
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02002-00399359-00399567 um but then in terms of the question
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02003-00399568-00399910 itself regenerative finance and um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02004-00399911-00400054 and that and morality and stuff like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02005-00400055-00400134 that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02006-00400135-00400287 one i mean i don't know if this is the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02007-00400288-00400430 sort of thing that jumps to mind but one
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02008-00400431-00400671 thing i think in our society that might
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02009-00400672-00400895 be pretty bad
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02010-00400896-00401167 um and it's in ourselves also
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02011-00401168-00401358 or at least maybe it's good but it's
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02012-00401359-00401567 good in a way i don't understand yet
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02013-00401568-00401799 and that is um that in these big
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02014-00401800-00402078 arrangements there's little things whose
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02015-00402079-00402239 job it is to hide
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02016-00402240-00402495 the intentions of the things inside
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02017-00402496-00402695 and so um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02018-00402696-00402999 like i think of i'm not sure
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02019-00403000-00403167 i'm gonna name this person and it's
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02020-00403168-00403502 almost a trigger but um jeffrey epstein
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02021-00403503-00403734 i think like what was he good at i kind
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02022-00403735-00403934 of think i know he was known for like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02023-00403935-00404087 making these financial derivative
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02024-00404088-00404295 instruments that like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02025-00404296-00404367 hid
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02026-00404368-00404639 the more the subprime mortgage stuff
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02027-00404640-00404863 i i and i feel like his whole island and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02028-00404864-00405047 all the stuff he was doing like he just
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02029-00405048-00405319 knew all the secrets and his and i could
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02030-00405320-00405463 imagine um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02031-00405464-00405647 backing away from him but like also like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02032-00405648-00405799 the meat industry
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02033-00405800-00406039 there are secrets about how meat is
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02034-00406040-00406167 produced and when you go to the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02035-00406168-00406382 supermarket their job is to make sure
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02036-00406383-00406591 you don't think about that stuff
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02037-00406592-00406799 and so um when you form these big
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02038-00406800-00406919 arrangements
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02039-00406920-00407134 or the financial system like there's a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02040-00407135-00407278 lot of which goes on the financial
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02041-00407279-00407495 system that's hiding the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02042-00407496-00407671 almost slavery that takes place in
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02043-00407672-00407878 various places um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02044-00407879-00407967 so
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02045-00407968-00408182 and then in myself maybe the greed i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02046-00408183-00408406 think all this is really coming from
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02047-00408407-00408678 the need to survive um at all costs or
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02048-00408679-00408927 something like that that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02049-00408928-00409143 seems like our cells in our body don't
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02050-00409144-00409430 have but we somehow have gotten
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02051-00409431-00409622 um i'm not sure about that so anyway one
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02052-00409623-00409839 thing that comes to mind is like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02053-00409839-00410159 what's up with hiding intentions and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02054-00410160-00410663 do is there any place for that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02055-00410664-00410847 wow
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02056-00410847-00411118 um also just like from from a very
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02057-00411119-00411391 biological perspective i do think that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02058-00411392-00411687 we have little things inside of us
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02059-00411688-00411991 maybe because that function it is to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02060-00411992-00412110 hide
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02061-00412112-00412343 things but i definitely don't have
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02062-00412343-00412607 access to the all of the knowledge of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02063-00412608-00412887 every single cell in my body
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02064-00412888-00413095 right or every even organ
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02065-00413096-00413359 so so i mean like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02066-00413360-00413614 survive at all costs like yes i could be
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02067-00413615-00413847 like knock on some wood growing a little
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02068-00413847-00414159 cancer tumor somewhere that's not known
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02069-00414160-00414439 to me and like we have mechanisms that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02070-00414439-00414647 mask pain and that even mask like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02071-00414647-00414855 proprio reception or
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02072-00414856-00415087 so there's a lot of things going on like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02073-00415088-00415407 there's a lot of hiding even in bile in
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02074-00415408-00415655 the biological system that happens
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02075-00415656-00415799 between
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02076-00415800-00416110 scales which totally leads into my next
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02077-00416112-00416318 question so perfectly
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02078-00416319-00416503 which was about compression and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02079-00416504-00416647 elaboration
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02080-00416647-00416799 um and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02081-00416800-00416966 so so like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02082-00416967-00417239 what is hidden
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02083-00417239-00417439 or what is compressed
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02084-00417439-00417607 right and and what is the the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02085-00417608-00417943 relationship or function or um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02086-00417943-00418207 utility of category theory in
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02087-00418208-00418430 elaborating compression
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02088-00418431-00418663 and elaboration like if i get the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02089-00418664-00418847 compressed version of like what the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02090-00418847-00419063 larger box container
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02091-00419064-00419263 is what's happening with the larger box
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02092-00419264-00419495 can i elucidate the structure and what's
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02093-00419496-00419695 happening in the smaller boxes
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02094-00419696-00419839 or the even the arrangement of the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02095-00419839-00420063 smaller boxes in the the within the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02096-00420064-00420479 larger container the larger scale say um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02097-00420480-00420791 and just so so how much how how good is
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02098-00420792-00421014 this math is it gonna how how how is it
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02099-00421015-00421166 going to help me understand compression
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02100-00421167-00421383 and elaboration across scales
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02101-00421384-00421766 yeah cool um i first want to say that i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02102-00421767-00422039 think of category theory as humanity's
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02103-00422039-00422287 best thought compression language
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02104-00422288-00422414 um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02105-00422415-00422518 i didn't
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02106-00422519-00422751 yeah so for example the category of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02107-00422752-00423070 polynomial functors is
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02108-00423071-00423183 the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02109-00423184-00423343 full subcategory of functions from set
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02110-00423343-00423479 to set spanned by co-products of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02111-00423480-00423614 representables
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02112-00423615-00423727 and now i've told you the entire
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02113-00423728-00423903 definition and i don't expect you to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02114-00423904-00424127 understand it and i wouldn't even expect
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02115-00424128-00424310 of category theories to understand it
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02116-00424312-00424470 but i would write that expression that i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02117-00424471-00424607 just said on the board and it would be i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02118-00424608-00424879 don't know 20 words or 30 words
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02119-00424880-00424966 um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02120-00424967-00425079 and then
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02121-00425080-00425214 that would be sitting there at the top
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02122-00425215-00425359 and then i would go through like what do
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02123-00425360-00425591 i mean by category what do i mean by set
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02124-00425592-00425831 what i mean by functor what do i mean by
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02125-00425832-00426103 uh spanned by what do i mean by uh
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02126-00426104-00426222 co-product and what do i mean by
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02127-00426223-00426351 representable and i would go through
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02128-00426352-00426614 those um words and i would explain
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02129-00426615-00426735 whichever ones of those you didn't
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02130-00426735-00426935 understand and then i would explain
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02131-00426935-00427070 those in a compressed way and then you'd
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02132-00427071-00427222 say yeah i get that or no i don't get
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02133-00427223-00427463 that and we could unpack this thing
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02134-00427464-00427735 so the category theory itself before we
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02135-00427735-00427847 get to your question about the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02136-00427847-00428014 interfaces and arrangements
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02137-00428015-00428222 is is this amazing thought compression
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02138-00428223-00428431 language where all the stuff in this
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02139-00428432-00428510 talk
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02140-00428512-00428791 all the math behind it um and the stuff
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02141-00428792-00429159 is all as all an elaboration of of this
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02142-00429160-00429327 very very compressed
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02143-00429328-00429607 few words um because we really made this
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02144-00429608-00429943 language for compressing big thoughts
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02145-00429943-00430070 uh
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02146-00430071-00430359 then there if i remember i hope i'm not
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02147-00430360-00430535 missing i mean part of the question but
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02148-00430535-00430703 you're also talking about the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02149-00430704-00430863 um arrangements themselves as
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02150-00430864-00430991 compressions
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02151-00430992-00431166 and um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02152-00431167-00431431 and yeah like an an adder circuit is a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02153-00431432-00431543 compression
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02154-00431543-00431727 of a bunch of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02155-00431728-00431959 and or logic circuits that are
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02156-00431960-00432166 themselves a compression of nand gates
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02157-00432167-00432295 which are themselves
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02158-00432296-00432439 transistors arranged in a certain way a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02159-00432439-00432670 certain way certain way and the nand
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02160-00432671-00432791 gate if you think about it why did you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02161-00432792-00432975 arrange those two transistors that way
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02162-00432976-00433127 because you knew
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02163-00433128-00433303 that it would always act this way you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02164-00433304-00433518 can kind of like everyone's ending
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02165-00433519-00433775 uh all the time but orr is a pretty good
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02166-00433776-00433910 thing to think about
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02167-00433912-00434055 and and is a pretty good thing to think
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02168-00434056-00434263 about and plus is pretty good and so
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02169-00434264-00434414 these compressions
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02170-00434415-00434591 out of all the possible ways of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02171-00434592-00434766 arranging transistors
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02172-00434767-00434966 into the number of transistors in a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02173-00434967-00435183 outer circuit that can add two
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02174-00435184-00435303 three-digit numbers or something like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02175-00435304-00435375 that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02176-00435376-00435495 that might i don't know let's just
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02177-00435496-00435710 pretend that took um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02178-00435712-00435814 let's just
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02179-00435815-00435999 took a thousand transistors
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02180-00436000-00436110 if
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02181-00436112-00436255 out of all the ways of arranging a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02182-00436256-00436431 thousand transistors there's like a few
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02183-00436432-00436639 that you would actually like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02184-00436639-00436807 that where you're like instead of adding
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02185-00436808-00436943 two numbers and getting like some random
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02186-00436943-00437127 thing you get the actual sound
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02187-00437128-00437366 and so we compress into for some reason
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02188-00437367-00437591 some compressions are useful because we
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02189-00437592-00437879 can predict them um and like i can kind
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02190-00437880-00438055 of predict your behavior based on what
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02191-00438056-00438295 i'm seeing out of on your face
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02192-00438296-00438495 and and what you need to know from me or
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02193-00438496-00438718 what i can do to help and vice versa and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02194-00438719-00438822 like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02195-00438823-00439047 that ability to compress all this stuff
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02196-00439047-00439255 into just something you output on the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02197-00439256-00439359 interface
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02198-00439360-00439663 is is really important
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02199-00439664-00439807 and the same is happening in the or gate
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02200-00439808-00440063 and the and the outer circuit and stuff
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02201-00440064-00440247 so you kind of create things that have a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02202-00440247-00440470 well-defined usefulness even though i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02203-00440471-00440639 have no idea what that means
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02204-00440639-00440775 and um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02205-00440776-00440887 and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02206-00440888-00441031 i don't know that does that answer the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02207-00441032-00441214 question or did i miss a major part of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02208-00441215-00441414 it
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02209-00441415-00441751 so let me just repeat a part of it
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02210-00441752-00441991 so if i am
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02211-00441992-00442199 a compression say like let me just do
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02212-00442200-00442399 something really simple i am the number
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02213-00442400-00442759 six and i'm a compression of you know
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02214-00442760-00442983 three numbers like and it could be so
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02215-00442984-00443231 can i can i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02216-00443232-00443559 i i guess what i compress is the set of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02217-00443560-00443814 the possible numbers that make up six
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02218-00443815-00443983 like the three like that that's what i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02219-00443984-00444183 compress right so that's what translates
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02220-00444184-00444343 to the compression so you can never
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02221-00444343-00444463 really go
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02222-00444464-00444599 from the compression number six to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02223-00444600-00444783 figure out which of those three numbers
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02224-00444784-00444863 were
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02225-00444864-00444959 right right
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02226-00444960-00445095 right
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02227-00445096-00445335 you can um what you do know is the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02228-00445335-00445695 remaining thing that sickness gives you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02229-00445696-00445783 um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02230-00445784-00445991 there's lots of things that use six and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02231-00445992-00446247 they're all happy to know about six
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02232-00446247-00446487 and same with or like i don't know how
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02233-00446488-00446670 you made your ore you could have made it
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02234-00446671-00446903 with 43 000 transistors and wasted a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02235-00446904-00447103 bunch of them but like the point is
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02236-00447104-00447351 i don't need to know all that stuff all
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02237-00447352-00447463 i need to know is that this thing's
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02238-00447464-00447703 going to take to boolean and produce a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02239-00447704-00447799 boolean
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02240-00447800-00448055 in a certain way
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02241-00448056-00448222 and so the compression this outer
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02242-00448223-00448366 interface is saying
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02243-00448367-00448503 i don't care about all your private
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02244-00448504-00448670 methods just tell me like what can i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02245-00448671-00449014 expect from you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02246-00449015-00449183 and i think part of like you know in our
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02247-00449184-00449422 society we have identities i'm guessing
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02248-00449423-00449639 that identity which is such a major
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02249-00449639-00449951 thing today is like this compression of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02250-00449952-00450222 like what's expected from the person
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02251-00450223-00450318 and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02252-00450319-00450431 um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02253-00450432-00450518 we
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02254-00450519-00450718 we are working out like how those
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02255-00450719-00450831 identities
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02256-00450832-00451014 really do help us expect things from
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02257-00451015-00451303 each other
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02258-00451304-00451479 so just on the topic of identity and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02259-00451480-00451639 like to follow up and maybe continue
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02260-00451639-00451814 this train of thought a little bit so
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02261-00451815-00452143 like i am blue i am a human right like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02262-00452143-00452310 i'm a human that's alive that's here
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02263-00452312-00452535 talking under the compression of you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02264-00452535-00452743 know math stream number 4.1 which all of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02265-00452743-00452903 this conversation will eventually
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02266-00452904-00453110 compress to active institute math stream
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02267-00453112-00453247 4.1
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02268-00453247-00453439 but but like the fact that i am blue and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02269-00453439-00453670 i am human like i am one among the set
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02270-00453671-00453943 of many things that is all human
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02271-00453943-00454183 and like we describe the set like living
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02272-00454184-00454270 human
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02273-00454271-00454422 in a certain way like i have a certain
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02274-00454423-00454607 number of cells
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02275-00454608-00454839 but many of the cells are not human
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02276-00454839-00455143 right like so so more cells at some
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02277-00455143-00455279 times of your
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02278-00455280-00455510 you know digestive cycle than others so
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02279-00455512-00455718 more cells sometimes are not human than
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02280-00455719-00456055 actually are human and so it's these set
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02281-00456056-00456303 of like things like how many human cells
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02282-00456304-00456479 how many you know
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02283-00456480-00456647 different e coli
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02284-00456647-00456879 how many like you know uh different
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02285-00456880-00457070 types of bacteria and microorganisms and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02286-00457071-00457263 like all of these things compressed to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02287-00457264-00457575 the set of like living human
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02288-00457576-00457814 i would like to be able to unravel like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02289-00457815-00458007 what is like go from living human or
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02290-00458008-00458214 like even just find the limits of like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02291-00458215-00458470 okay so now like too many e coli was
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02292-00458471-00458679 like some decomposing human that's not
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02293-00458680-00458766 alive
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02294-00458767-00458943 so so like i would like to be able to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02295-00458943-00459263 really push those boundaries of or even
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02296-00459264-00459575 find the boundary of of what makes the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02297-00459576-00459687 set of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02298-00459688-00459895 cells that is a living human versus like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02299-00459896-00460110 when do you it's like the phase
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02300-00460112-00460335 transition like the critical point at
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02301-00460335-00460551 what critical point are are so many of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02302-00460552-00460751 these microorganisms alive that i become
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02303-00460752-00460951 not a living human anymore
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02304-00460952-00461055 yeah
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02305-00461056-00461310 yeah so in the same way like a an and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02306-00461312-00461591 gate is not made out of and gates it's
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02307-00461592-00461766 made out of smaller things or you know a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02308-00461767-00461951 logic all right so
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02309-00461952-00462135 we don't really expect the high-level
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02310-00462135-00462303 thing to be made out of little things
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02311-00462304-00462422 but the reason i think you're saying
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02312-00462423-00462551 that there are these things called human
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02313-00462552-00462807 cells is because we share this dna and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02314-00462808-00463014 this the dna that you're tracking when
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02315-00463015-00463239 you say that hey the e coli is not me
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02316-00463239-00463535 and the bacterial gut gut bacteria stuff
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02317-00463535-00463887 is not me um because it doesn't have our
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02318-00463888-00464118 dna but it is you in the sense that it
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02319-00464119-00464359 helps you as a pattern exist and so if i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02320-00464360-00464527 was putting an interface around you i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02321-00464528-00464718 definitely wouldn't personally want to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02322-00464719-00464903 like only use your dna cells and call
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02323-00464904-00465079 those you because that would be you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02324-00465080-00465383 wouldn't be a very good you um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02325-00465384-00465639 but uh yeah so what can happen is like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02326-00465639-00465814 these e coli or these cancers or
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02327-00465815-00465975 whatever inside of you let's say you're
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02328-00465976-00466199 this gigantic arrangement of stuff
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02329-00466200-00466327 um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02330-00466328-00466487 that what can happen is that they can
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02331-00466488-00466655 start to say things
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02332-00466656-00466855 that um start to mess with that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02333-00466856-00466991 arrangement and start to change the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02334-00466992-00467191 arrangement so remember the arrangement
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02335-00467192-00467343 is changing based on what's flowing
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02336-00467343-00467607 through the wires so your e coli things
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02337-00467608-00467855 in there might be saying some stuff or
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02338-00467856-00467999 spreading some stuff that's changing the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02339-00468000-00468207 arrangement and now this cell is no
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02340-00468208-00468375 longer talking about cell when it should
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02341-00468376-00468575 have and now that it's no longer talking
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02342-00468576-00468766 to that cell because the arrangement has
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02343-00468767-00468975 changed now it's now that other cell is
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02344-00468976-00469159 not receiving what it usually does so it
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02345-00469160-00469335 starts to say different things and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02346-00469335-00469518 slowly this um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02347-00469519-00469687 this changes the arrangement so much
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02348-00469688-00469951 that you're no longer a cohering whole
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02349-00469952-00470127 and the the things that we can expect
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02350-00470128-00470343 from you your identity has changed to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02351-00470343-00470518 one that's like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02352-00470519-00471014 not as interesting
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02353-00471015-00471318 definitely and so can you see that in
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02354-00471319-00471575 the with the math like where this maybe
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02355-00471576-00471822 phase transition takes place or like at
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02356-00471823-00472031 what level of rearrangement like maybe
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02357-00472032-00472255 it's 20 rearrangement or like you know
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02358-00472256-00472527 20 incoherent arrangement or
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02359-00472528-00472743 measure like the information in the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02360-00472743-00473022 circuit transferring from one to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02361-00473023-00473255 like from from one piece to another such
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02362-00473256-00473391 that like when the information flow is
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02363-00473392-00473655 so disrupted then it like ceases to be a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02364-00473656-00473799 functional arrangement
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02365-00473800-00474039 yeah i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02366-00474039-00474222 i think that problem is as hard as like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02367-00474223-00474351 being able to look at a spreadsheet and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02368-00474352-00474510 seeing if there's corruption
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02369-00474512-00474718 like people can do it but it's a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02370-00474719-00475063 judgment it's like someone decides like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02371-00475064-00475263 no that's not
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02372-00475264-00475391 that's not real
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02373-00475392-00475503 um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02374-00475504-00475735 or yeah it's like i know it when i see
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02375-00475735-00475903 it kind of thing so
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02376-00475904-00476063 there might be rules of thumb you could
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02377-00476064-00476327 create in this accounting system like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02378-00476328-00476631 uh but i doubt
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02379-00476632-00476855 i don't feel comfortable creating like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02380-00476856-00476951 the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02381-00476952-00477175 the definition of the faith transition
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02382-00477176-00477535 and i wouldn't expect it to be
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02383-00477535-00477727 any more than a judgment but
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02384-00477728-00477951 yeah
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02385-00477952-00478110 cool thank you and thanks for letting me
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02386-00478112-00478375 kind of um ramble on a little bit there
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02387-00478376-00478455 uh
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02388-00478456-00478655 so on this slide while we're here this
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02389-00478656-00478883 is totally changing the subject
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02390-00478884-00479207 um if you were roman
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02391-00479208-00479414 like if you were ancient roman using
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02392-00479415-00479614 ancient roman numerals
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02393-00479615-00479887 would hindi arabic numerals still be
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02394-00479888-00480022 empirically better
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02395-00480023-00480270 or does that depend on context i think
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02396-00480271-00480463 they would
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02397-00480464-00480718 i i know that it might not be
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02398-00480719-00480943 in the current culture but i think it i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02399-00480943-00481239 think it is just empirically better um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02400-00481239-00481503 like in the sense
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02401-00481504-00481822 like is a better baseball player better
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02402-00481823-00482039 well they're better at baseball
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02403-00482039-00482183 um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02404-00482184-00482366 like i'm not saying that's better like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02405-00482367-00482527 maybe you just love these things and it
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02406-00482528-00482695 makes you feel really good to see exes
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02407-00482696-00482839 and stuff and then for you like it's
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02408-00482839-00483022 great like use this thing but if you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02409-00483023-00483335 want to be a math person that multiplies
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02410-00483335-00483455 things like you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02411-00483456-00483663 apparently in rome like they were they
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02412-00483664-00483822 knew about square root of two back then
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02413-00483823-00484003 they figured out like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02414-00484004-00484231 1.414 apparently i don't know i don't
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02415-00484232-00484343 know if that's true but they were
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02416-00484343-00484647 pythagoras was like back then like can
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02417-00484647-00484807 you imagine taking square roots if this
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02418-00484808-00485014 is what you're using it's just
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02419-00485015-00485175 you can barely multiply like how could
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02420-00485176-00485383 you take e to a power and do
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02421-00485384-00485599 could we do um quantum mechanics today
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02422-00485600-00485799 if we were having to do this
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02423-00485800-00485966 could we do
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02424-00485967-00486191 could we do even compound interest with
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02425-00486192-00486295 this
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02426-00486296-00486510 like i would never ever want like i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02427-00486512-00486599 would
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02428-00486600-00486839 so it just wins like it just
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02429-00486839-00487055 it's empirically better because those
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02430-00487056-00487270 who decide to move to this system will
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02431-00487271-00487439 out compete these
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02432-00487439-00487703 and um in life
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02433-00487704-00487966 there is some sort of competition
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02434-00487967-00488151 and um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02435-00488152-00488327 so i i do think that it's empirically
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02436-00488328-00488447 better
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02437-00488447-00488855 but i'm happy to hear if you disagree
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02438-00488856-00489055 i mean i do think like you know survival
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02439-00489056-00489255 of the fittest right so so
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02440-00489256-00489470 clearly like the hindi arabic numerals
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02441-00489471-00489622 have have won
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02442-00489623-00489847 but but also um i think that if i had
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02443-00489847-00490103 never seen a hindi arabic numeral before
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02444-00490104-00490310 and was trying to multiply that like i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02445-00490312-00490566 would prefer because it's like just what
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02446-00490567-00490775 i'm familiar with it's part of my
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02447-00490776-00490983 model is to use these roman numerals if
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02448-00490984-00491159 i was in ancient rome that would and i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02449-00491160-00491351 would be like what is this one for you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02450-00491352-00491543 know and so it's just whatever i guess
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02451-00491543-00491735 that you're you're familiar with but but
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02452-00491735-00491951 it's it's um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02453-00491952-00492175 neat to hear your perspective also
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02454-00492176-00492270 um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02455-00492271-00492455 i mean like if you were a moth and it
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02456-00492456-00492670 was turning you know there this the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02457-00492671-00492855 everything was turning brown because of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02458-00492856-00492959 new smoke
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02459-00492960-00493135 you might be familiar with being a white
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02460-00493135-00493399 moth but like any moth that changed to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02461-00493400-00493599 being a brown moth would win
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02462-00493600-00493814 um i don't know yeah there's familiarity
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02463-00493815-00494031 and that is a thing because we need that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02464-00494032-00494183 we need homeostasis and stuff but
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02465-00494184-00494414 there's
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02466-00494415-00494662 i don't know yeah i i think that if
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02467-00494663-00494951 someone was a more capable person in
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02468-00494952-00495151 terms of being able to change
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02469-00495152-00495295 they would
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02470-00495296-00495591 they would appreciate that faculty in
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02471-00495592-00495759 themselves like they'd be like ah i'm
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02472-00495760-00496118 glad i tried
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02473-00496119-00496359 to change yeah
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02474-00496360-00496591 well and so now i have a series of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02475-00496592-00496879 questions about um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02476-00496880-00497055 the interface and the dynamics and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02477-00497056-00497270 interactions i don't know if you want to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02478-00497271-00497527 skip forward to those slides so are
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02479-00497528-00497710 these are these like terms like you said
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02480-00497712-00497879 you had some key terms interface
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02481-00497880-00498183 dynamics interaction arrangement um and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02482-00498184-00498431 i'm tracking
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02483-00498432-00498735 um these terms are they part of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02484-00498735-00498991 like the formalism of category theory is
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02485-00498992-00499127 this something that like everyone is a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02486-00499128-00499351 category they're studying they're not
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02487-00499352-00499614 okay so so that was my my question was
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02488-00499615-00499743 um you know
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02489-00499743-00500007 because the way that you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02490-00500008-00500255 discussed these interfaces positions
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02491-00500256-00500583 forces states arrangements enclosures
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02492-00500584-00500879 really spoke to active inference so much
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02493-00500880-00501062 which is why like i really get why
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02494-00501063-00501214 you're like oh yeah that seems to like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02495-00501215-00501495 kind of mesh with my current ideas um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02496-00501496-00501727 like so like we have the interface
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02497-00501728-00502070 which uh we talk about as like a markov
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02498-00502071-00502343 blanket like a separation a boundary um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02499-00502343-00502566 and in the markov blanket are like the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02500-00502567-00502799 sense states and the action states so
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02501-00502800-00503014 like in the interface it is like you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02502-00503015-00503207 would call it positions
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02503-00503208-00503447 and forces like that's where i act on
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02504-00503447-00503639 the world and the world acts back on me
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02505-00503639-00503983 like in the the markov boundary um and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02506-00503984-00504151 and so similarly like you talked about
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02507-00504152-00504366 like the dynamics of a system as being
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02508-00504367-00504575 hidden and only like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02509-00504576-00504759 internal to the system and we have like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02510-00504760-00504999 hidden states like your internal states
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02511-00505000-00505343 um and then yeah the interaction is like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02512-00505343-00505535 what i would refer to as like maybe a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02513-00505535-00505670 state update
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02514-00505671-00505847 like so so there's like you know we
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02515-00505847-00506087 interact and then i might change or i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02516-00506088-00506295 might it might just influence my future
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02517-00506296-00506503 trajectory so i just wanted to like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02518-00506504-00506743 highlight the great degree of similarity
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02519-00506743-00506847 between
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02520-00506847-00507031 what you talked about and like what we
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02521-00507032-00507222 talk about very regularly and active
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02522-00507223-00507470 inference great so what i did was i took
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02523-00507471-00507622 i i started noticing polynomial
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02524-00507623-00507799 functions wanted to do what i was trying
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02525-00507800-00507895 to do
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02526-00507896-00508014 and then
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02527-00508015-00508287 i took the feeling of using them like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02528-00508288-00508518 when i the intuition i get by asking
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02529-00508519-00508710 myself what a map of polynomial functors
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02530-00508712-00508847 is or whatever
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02531-00508847-00509087 and came up with these words as the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02532-00509088-00509335 things that most trap like most
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02533-00509335-00509599 intuitive english words that tracked how
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02534-00509600-00509822 the math was was changing or how the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02535-00509823-00509951 math like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02536-00509952-00510199 developed as i made a story about these
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02537-00510200-00510351 things so these are really just the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02538-00510352-00510495 words that i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02539-00510496-00510670 found to most
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02540-00510671-00510839 give me intuition for tracking what the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02541-00510839-00511335 math was was doing automatically
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02542-00511335-00511687 it looks like daniel has his hand raised
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02543-00511688-00511959 oh yeah thank you just great
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02544-00511960-00512143 questions blue and david thanks for the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02545-00512143-00512239 very
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02546-00512239-00512462 powerful and creative talk i think on
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02547-00512463-00512759 this topic of the active inference
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02548-00512760-00513070 uh ontology mapping i think that was
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02549-00513071-00513166 really
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02550-00513167-00513510 quite well stated which is this idea of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02551-00513512-00513799 an input output system
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02552-00513800-00513951 or an interface
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02553-00513952-00514166 and things that are on one side of the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02554-00514167-00514414 interface are shielded from that on the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02555-00514415-00514591 other side of the interface otherwise
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02556-00514592-00514759 quite literally it would be a different
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02557-00514760-00514847 thing
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02558-00514847-00515039 it's a really powerful idea and it comes
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02559-00515039-00515343 up in computer science with apis it
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02560-00515343-00515670 comes up in graphs and topology
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02561-00515671-00515870 and we can even think about things like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02562-00515871-00516103 the arithmetic operations
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02563-00516104-00516287 like order of operations or nested
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02564-00516288-00516455 parentheses it's like well what happens
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02565-00516456-00516639 in the parentheses it stays in the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02566-00516639-00516903 parentheses until it's compressed and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02567-00516904-00517191 then it goes into some other area and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02568-00517192-00517479 then also even how you describe
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02569-00517480-00517655 searching for intuitive words and i'm
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02570-00517656-00517895 sure actively inferring with many
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02571-00517896-00518014 learners
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02572-00518015-00518359 for terms that have a natural
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02573-00518360-00518518 interpretation
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02574-00518519-00518766 or a conversational interpretation
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02575-00518767-00519007 and also point towards
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02576-00519008-00519214 more technical
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02577-00519215-00519431 um usage which i think in active
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02578-00519432-00519687 inference we see a lot about system
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02579-00519688-00519895 delineation and partitioning from the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02580-00519896-00520062 environment like such as the ones that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02581-00520063-00520310 you've brought up nested systems and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02582-00520312-00520455 interacting systems
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02583-00520456-00520766 and also regarding some numerical
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02584-00520767-00521087 quantities like surprise attention and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02585-00521088-00521239 so on
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02586-00521239-00521599 although also we have recently seen some
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02587-00521600-00521775 symbolic active inference
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02588-00521776-00521927 implementations
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02589-00521928-00522110 from jf klossier
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02590-00522112-00522383 that are engaging in this action
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02591-00522384-00522535 perception loop
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02592-00522535-00522791 without sending statistical or numerical
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02593-00522792-00523070 messages but rather communicating about
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02594-00523071-00523310 uh logic values
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02595-00523312-00523687 so i just wanted to note that and uh
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02596-00523688-00523814 if you have any thoughts otherwise i'll
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02597-00523815-00524070 read a question from the chat
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02598-00524071-00524407 um yeah a quick thought is like somehow
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02599-00524408-00524703 when i we take language for example math
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02600-00524704-00524855 and we
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02601-00524856-00525022 translate it into
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02602-00525023-00525279 motion so like if you say please pass
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02603-00525280-00525543 the salt then like 10 to the 15 atoms
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02604-00525544-00525711 will move through space
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02605-00525712-00525911 you know you say this word in language
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02606-00525912-00526070 and then 10 to the 15 atoms move through
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02607-00526071-00526318 space and like some salt crystals land
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02608-00526319-00526414 on your
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02609-00526415-00526543 on your um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02610-00526544-00526862 food or whatever and so
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02611-00526863-00527087 by having the math attached into
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02612-00527088-00527343 intuitive ideas in our in our minds
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02613-00527344-00527543 we can then take the mathematical ideas
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02614-00527544-00527695 and translate them into the movement of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02615-00527696-00527895 atoms so like me being able to talk or
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02616-00527896-00528079 or whatever and like it's really
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02617-00528080-00528247 important that we have intuitive ways of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02618-00528248-00528359 thinking about these things because
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02619-00528360-00528591 otherwise they won't translate down into
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02620-00528592-00528743 the movement of atoms that actually the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02621-00528744-00528879 action that we see in the world that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02622-00528880-00528991 actually
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02623-00528992-00529199 uh accomplishes anything
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02624-00529200-00529391 so i'm i'm i'm worried about all the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02625-00529392-00529599 mathematicians that are doing math that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02626-00529600-00529775 they don't have any sense at all about
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02627-00529776-00529966 how it could ever be used
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02628-00529967-00530111 and this is kind of the point of topos
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02629-00530112-00530295 institute is like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02630-00530296-00530487 you can i don't mind if you do like okay
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02631-00530488-00530662 you can do whatever you want but like i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02632-00530663-00530855 don't see a point in doing math if you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02633-00530856-00531175 have no idea how that would ever
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02634-00531176-00531414 be useful to anyone even in a thousand
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02635-00531415-00531503 years
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02636-00531504-00531662 and so i'm i'm
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02637-00531663-00531839 i don't know so yeah to connect the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02638-00531840-00531999 point is like to connect with the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02639-00532000-00532222 audience here have this possibly be
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02640-00532223-00532407 useful to anyone for real
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02641-00532408-00532614 i need to find the words that take the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02642-00532615-00532822 math and translate it into intuitive
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02643-00532823-00533014 concepts so that they can come back to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02644-00533015-00533607 the math if they want to or whatever
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02645-00533608-00534055 blue anything to add on that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02646-00534056-00534135 um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02647-00534136-00534407 go ahead and uh read the chat questions
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02648-00534408-00534495 great
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02649-00534496-00534718 all right so this will pull us back
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02650-00534719-00534862 generalized a little bit and then i'm
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02651-00534863-00535087 sure we could talk more active inference
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02652-00535088-00535214 or
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02653-00535215-00535391 institute talk
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02654-00535392-00535631 so ali wrote
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02655-00535632-00535831 it is said that category theory is the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02656-00535832-00536118 most abstract area of mathematics out
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02657-00536119-00536399 there perhaps we can even call it a kind
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02658-00536400-00536583 of meta mathematics
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02659-00536584-00536879 daniel dennett claims in intuition pumps
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02660-00536880-00537103 and other tools for thinking that we can
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02661-00537104-00537318 theoretically go meta
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02662-00537319-00537566 on every level of abstraction
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02663-00537567-00537662 so
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02664-00537663-00537903 is it possible to conceive a level of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02665-00537904-00538239 abstraction even more meta than category
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02666-00538240-00538470 theory in mathematics
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02667-00538471-00538687 yeah great question um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02668-00538688-00538895 so
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02669-00538896-00539279 there is a category of all categories
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02670-00539280-00539431 there is
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02671-00539432-00539527 the thing is that when you have a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02672-00539528-00539751 category of all categories first of all
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02673-00539752-00539879 it's like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02674-00539880-00539991 really big
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02675-00539992-00540191 and second of all um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02676-00540192-00540487 it has an even higher level structure
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02677-00540488-00540679 than each category does so it's called a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02678-00540680-00540895 two category of all categories and then
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02679-00540896-00541070 there's a three category of all two
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02680-00541071-00541191 categories
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02681-00541192-00541455 and there but there is amazingly a thing
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02682-00541456-00541662 called infinity categories that finishes
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02683-00541663-00541839 this thing where there's an infinity
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02684-00541840-00542022 category of all infinity categories and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02685-00542023-00542175 i think
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02686-00542176-00542383 i think that that the abstract like it's
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02687-00542384-00542583 very hard to think about this thing
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02688-00542584-00542879 but um and it's still an active area of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02689-00542880-00543103 of research to create like a nice
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02690-00543104-00543262 infinity category
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02691-00543263-00543359 um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02692-00543360-00543583 but the but yeah people keep getting
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02693-00543584-00543814 stuck on hey i've got this category i've
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02694-00543815-00543935 got all these categories and i want
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02695-00543936-00544070 something more abstract in it and then i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02696-00544071-00544262 needed two category and i ah i'm done i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02697-00544263-00544527 got the two category of all categories
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02698-00544528-00544662 but then eventually someone wants the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02699-00544663-00544927 next one and so um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02700-00544928-00545127 so yeah this is this is a great question
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02701-00545128-00545279 and there's an active area of research
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02702-00545280-00545559 right now
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02703-00545560-00545887 okay interesting i'll ask one
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02704-00545888-00546087 active inference related question that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02705-00546088-00546439 connects also to enclosures and nesting
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02706-00546440-00546543 so
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02707-00546544-00546631 we've
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02708-00546632-00546870 in the generative models that we see in
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02709-00546871-00547079 active inference they're bayesian graphs
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02710-00547080-00547279 and they're describing control systems
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02711-00547280-00547543 and action perception loops and so on
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02712-00547544-00547655 we've seen
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02713-00547656-00547975 nested models be used in
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02714-00547976-00548214 at least two different ways
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02715-00548215-00548518 one is to describe systems who are
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02716-00548519-00548791 physically nested within one another
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02717-00548792-00549055 such as an organism and then the organs
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02718-00549056-00549270 the cells the organelles and those
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02719-00549271-00549575 interfaces and what that nesting or
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02720-00549576-00549727 enclosing
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02721-00549728-00550047 can be interpreted as has a natural
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02722-00550048-00550311 spatial interpretation
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02723-00550312-00550551 however there have also been nested
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02724-00550552-00550662 models
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02725-00550663-00550839 of cognitive
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02726-00550840-00551070 modeling flavors
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02727-00551071-00551335 and in those cases it's never been clear
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02728-00551336-00551551 whether the nesting or enclosing that's
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02729-00551552-00551670 happening
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02730-00551671-00551959 is reflecting spatial boundaries
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02731-00551960-00552199 in some cognitive space if one chooses
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02732-00552200-00552431 that direction of interpretation or in
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02733-00552432-00552679 fact what that nesting entails
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02734-00552680-00552903 and then importantly why it would have a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02735-00552904-00553231 structural isomorphism with the nesting
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02736-00553232-00553487 of the matruska and just things that are
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02737-00553488-00553695 physically nested inside of each other
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02738-00553696-00554062 so what does nesting and enclosure
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02739-00554063-00554303 mean here and is it referring to spatial
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02740-00554304-00554518 boundaries or other conceptual
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02741-00554519-00554679 boundaries
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02742-00554680-00554887 yeah great so um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02743-00554888-00555191 this uh so like same with airplanes or
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02744-00555192-00555318 something you have the physical airplane
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02745-00555319-00555431 but then
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02746-00555432-00555551 different parts of the airplane are
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02747-00555552-00555662 really talking to each other that may
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02748-00555663-00555870 not be like the the radio of the control
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02749-00555871-00556095 tower and the radio of the airplane or
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02750-00556096-00556327 in some sense more closely connected
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02751-00556328-00556591 than the radio of the airplane and the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02752-00556592-00556814 engine of the airplane
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02753-00556815-00556999 the the radio of the airplane and the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02754-00557000-00557191 radio and the pilot are strongly
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02755-00557192-00557399 connected
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02756-00557400-00557631 and so yeah there's always this logical
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02757-00557632-00557839 what i would call physical arrangement
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02758-00557840-00557999 and logical arrangement
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02759-00558000-00558247 and those might be different
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02760-00558248-00558414 but what they are from this point of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02761-00558415-00558495 view
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02762-00558496-00558575 um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02763-00558576-00558743 or one thing you could do
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02764-00558744-00559039 is just so if you if you look at i don't
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02765-00559040-00559327 know this x12 and x21 you might imagine
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02766-00559328-00559479 that there's a logical way of arranging
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02767-00559480-00559614 things where these really seem like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02768-00559615-00559775 they're quite close
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02769-00559776-00559975 and so
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02770-00559976-00560351 uh
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02771-00560352-00560511 i probably should have shown this but
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02772-00560512-00560783 that picture is the same as this one
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02773-00560784-00561087 i've just undone the nesting
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02774-00561088-00561455 let's see if i can try to show that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02775-00561456-00561551 so
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02776-00561552-00561751 yeah let's see this is oh no it's not
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02777-00561752-00561887 what
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02778-00561888-00562031 oh i've darn it i didn't take the same
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02779-00562032-00562287 one that's confusing
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02780-00562288-00562470 okay well i think i added an extra loop
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02781-00562471-00562839 on this thing or something
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02782-00562840-00563014 anyway my point is we can undo this
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02783-00563015-00563127 nesting
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02784-00563128-00563303 and have it be
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02785-00563304-00563455 have this one be closer to this one and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02786-00563456-00563695 some other nesting
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02787-00563696-00563831 so you could use
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02788-00563832-00564007 this organizational system called an
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02789-00564008-00564231 operad to handle the fact that you might
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02790-00564232-00564359 want to nest things differently for
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02791-00564360-00564639 different purposes
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02792-00564640-00564839 this picture here is supposed to be
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02793-00564840-00564927 either
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02794-00564928-00565111 physical arrangement or logical
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02795-00565112-00565343 arrangement it doesn't matter
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02796-00565344-00565511 and it's really just about who's talking
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02797-00565512-00565751 to who that's the most important thing
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02798-00565752-00565911 the thing is that in your liver in your
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02799-00565912-00566143 brain in your cell maybe
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02800-00566144-00566311 the latency of communication is much
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02801-00566312-00566495 better than across
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02802-00566496-00566870 the boundaries
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02803-00566871-00567095 sorry for the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02804-00567096-00567439 voice issue well very um interesting and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02805-00567440-00567607 in neuroscience it speaks to the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02806-00567608-00567903 distinctions of structural functional
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02807-00567904-00568118 and effective connectivity
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02808-00568119-00568247 which
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02809-00568248-00568439 if only it was dominoes hitting each
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02810-00568440-00568670 other and they were all identical but
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02811-00568671-00568807 even in that case i don't think they
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02812-00568808-00569007 would be identical so we're dealing with
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02813-00569008-00569151 something and that's a great example
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02814-00569152-00569383 with the informational and the causal
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02815-00569384-00569622 connectivity after all the bayesian
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02816-00569623-00569943 causal graph architecture is
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02817-00569944-00570111 pointing towards something that is
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02818-00570112-00570311 presenting itself as cause
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02819-00570312-00570551 with a technical specific definition
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02820-00570552-00570807 although a natural word and so it is
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02821-00570808-00571135 interesting when the causal architecture
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02822-00571136-00571335 may not reflect the physical
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02823-00571336-00571583 architecture and vice versa
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02824-00571584-00571831 right and this the opera the notion of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02825-00571832-00571991 opera which i never said during the talk
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02826-00571992-00572111 but
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02827-00572112-00572265 this nesting thing is
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02828-00572266-00572495 [Music]
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02829-00572496-00572711 is designed to allow you to rearrange
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02830-00572712-00572911 how you want to consider inside and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02831-00572912-00573047 outside or whether you want to consider
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02832-00573048-00573222 physical or logical
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02833-00573223-00573422 to to allow you to do that zooming on
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02834-00573423-00573639 your own time or in your way in your own
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02835-00573640-00573718 way
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02836-00573719-00573887 without affecting what the thing is
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02837-00573888-00574287 going to do as a whole
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02838-00574288-00574543 thank you blue
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02839-00574544-00574895 so just to add on to the possible layers
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02840-00574896-00575095 of nesting there's also the layer of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02841-00575096-00575335 temporal nesting right so things happen
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02842-00575336-00575583 at like a very fast pace that we don't
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02843-00575584-00575799 observe like the light is flickering as
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02844-00575800-00575991 long as it's like greater than 60 hertz
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02845-00575992-00576159 i don't see it flickering but i know
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02846-00576160-00576407 it's flickering um and as long as it's
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02847-00576408-00576518 like not
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02848-00576519-00576775 in my perceptible range then it doesn't
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02849-00576776-00577103 really matter to me so so there's um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02850-00577104-00577359 and just similarly like i don't think
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02851-00577360-00577559 biological evolution
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02852-00577560-00577711 maybe cares all that much about math
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02853-00577712-00577935 stream 4.1
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02854-00577936-00578087 but cares about like you know how many
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02855-00578088-00578303 children we each have and you know all
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02856-00578304-00578543 these other things right so um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02857-00578544-00578831 that that the the relevance the salience
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02858-00578832-00578927 and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02859-00578928-00579166 across temporal skills is also
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02860-00579167-00579487 um something to think about um and we
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02861-00579488-00579655 talked about like the changing interface
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02862-00579656-00579918 i think you mentioned that um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02863-00579919-00580183 and with with the question of like i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02864-00580184-00580327 don't know if active inference does this
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02865-00580328-00580622 changing interface well so it's it does
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02866-00580623-00580887 in um the markup kernel which we just
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02867-00580888-00580999 actually like learned about and talked
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02868-00581000-00581183 about when we were talking about quantum
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02869-00581184-00581622 systems with uh chris and mike and um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02870-00581623-00581710 john
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02871-00581711-00581895 so that was like i think live stream
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02872-00581896-00582007 number
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02873-00582008-00582199 40.
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02874-00582200-00582431 also on on that technical note i would
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02875-00582432-00582743 suggest that the plain essence of the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02876-00582744-00583039 blanket definition does not entail
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02877-00583040-00583303 any sort of dynamical rearrangement
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02878-00583304-00583614 however recent work by dalton s and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02879-00583615-00583807 others has pointed towards the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02880-00583808-00584062 definition of a blanket index which
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02881-00584063-00584431 reflects a weekly mixing dynamical
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02882-00584432-00584614 interface zone
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02883-00584615-00584855 that is on a zero to one continuum and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02884-00584856-00585062 that may point towards the kind of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02885-00585063-00585295 rearrangeable interfaces
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02886-00585296-00585510 although not with the kind of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02887-00585511-00585951 um category theoretic nature as far as i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02888-00585952-00586127 know but again this is like a very
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02889-00586128-00586262 interesting
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02890-00586263-00586366 area
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02891-00586367-00586631 um and i i can see many
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02892-00586632-00586935 applications in systems including online
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02893-00586936-00587151 teams and organization and so i really
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02894-00587152-00587295 liked that you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02895-00587296-00587518 used what was that hands
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02896-00587519-00587695 um an i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02897-00587696-00587903 for making some of these
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02898-00587904-00588031 connections
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02899-00588032-00588295 clear
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02900-00588296-00588614 cool
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02901-00588615-00588862 and just just one last connection uh you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02902-00588863-00589197 had mentioned your applied um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02903-00589198-00589343 [Music]
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02904-00589344-00589518 applied uh like trails that you're
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02905-00589519-00589751 chasing right now and you mentioned
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02906-00589752-00589991 prediction markets
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02907-00589992-00590270 and i do think that um well well first
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02908-00590271-00590422 of all you talked about like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02909-00590423-00590591 um before you talked about that you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02910-00590592-00590831 talked about the free energy minimizers
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02911-00590832-00590999 right like so if each little component
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02912-00591000-00591239 in the system is a free energy minimizer
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02913-00591240-00591607 and how like within the fvp it can um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02914-00591608-00591783 scale to form like a container free
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02915-00591784-00592079 energy free energy minimizer so yes and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02916-00592080-00592295 that like will stay a free energy free
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02917-00592296-00592591 energy minimizer as long as it decreases
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02918-00592592-00592783 the free energy of all of the components
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02919-00592784-00592975 in the container for it to stay a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02920-00592976-00593175 container right so that like speaks to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02921-00593176-00593422 self-assembly and perhaps morphogenesis
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02922-00593423-00593518 um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02923-00593519-00593759 and then in these uh
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02924-00593760-00593910 so yeah consider how free energy
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02925-00593911-00594062 minimizers arrange themselves there we
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02926-00594063-00594247 go and how they constitute a larger
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02927-00594248-00594439 scale free energy minimizer if it lowers
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02928-00594440-00594655 the free energy um and then just in
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02929-00594656-00594862 terms of application uh prediction
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02930-00594863-00595166 markets i think is a really good
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02931-00595167-00595470 way to maybe align category theory with
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02932-00595471-00595647 the fep and i think
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02933-00595648-00595959 some of that has been done
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02934-00595960-00596166 i want to say like the multi-armed
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02935-00596167-00596270 bandit
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02936-00596271-00596575 problem is maybe like like a rudimentary
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02937-00596576-00596710 example of that and i don't remember
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02938-00596711-00596870 which live stream that was it was a long
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02939-00596871-00597183 time ago but um we did have a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02940-00597184-00597375 a paper dealing with the multi-armored
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02941-00597376-00597518 bandit problem and using active
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02942-00597519-00597679 inference to solve it and that might be
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02943-00597680-00597883 like a way to start to align
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02944-00597884-00598070 more
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02945-00598071-00598310 on the um just on the uh prediction
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02946-00598311-00598470 market area and then david really
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02947-00598471-00598647 curious to hear what you think
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02948-00598648-00598814 i see a lot of parallels with what you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02949-00598815-00599062 described about transistors
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02950-00599063-00599247 again you said a thousand pieces
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02951-00599248-00599439 components in this transistor
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02952-00599440-00599743 the space of the 1000 pic
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02953-00599744-00599903 n connections
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02954-00599904-00600127 might be vast and so that's where like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02955-00600128-00600375 selective processes and abductive logic
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02956-00600376-00600575 come into play with this two-stroke
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02957-00600576-00600766 engine of like diversifying and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02958-00600767-00600975 exploring the space and pruning down
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02959-00600976-00601191 based upon function and so we could
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02960-00601192-00601495 imagine prediction markets where
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02961-00601496-00601831 the nest mate level the the the colony
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02962-00601832-00602055 participant is making great predictions
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02963-00602056-00602231 but then they're being compiled in a way
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02964-00602232-00602366 that's actually
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02965-00602367-00602591 inadequate we could also imagine the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02966-00602592-00602847 other extreme where no nest mate knows
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02967-00602848-00603022 how much food the colony has or what the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02968-00603023-00603247 weather is outside etc
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02969-00603248-00603327 but
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02970-00603328-00603639 its natural actions still participate in
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02971-00603640-00603847 a colony or in a market
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02972-00603848-00604127 that makes adaptive decisions so in that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02973-00604128-00604559 structuring of multi-scale sense making
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02974-00604560-00604743 the composability
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02975-00604744-00604943 and the ability to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02976-00604944-00605183 create systems that are
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02977-00605184-00605391 valid across scales
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02978-00605392-00605518 and don't
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02979-00605519-00605799 enforce any kind of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02980-00605800-00606118 implausible constraint
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02981-00606119-00606375 it becomes essential because people
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02982-00606376-00606566 point sometimes to wisdom of crowds and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02983-00606567-00606783 all these other related areas
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02984-00606784-00606991 and there's probably some areas and some
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02985-00606992-00607166 ways of doing it that are just
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02986-00607167-00607414 incredibly effective and i'm sure we can
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02987-00607415-00607543 think of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02988-00607544-00607710 crowds and ways of doing it and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02989-00607711-00608118 questions where it is just not that way
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02990-00608119-00608287 yeah so in this
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02991-00608288-00608518 in this work of on
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02992-00608519-00608735 dynamic organizational structures
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02993-00608736-00608951 there's a kind of fractal-like nature to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02994-00608952-00609135 it where the same thing like there's one
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02995-00609136-00609327 formula for the whole thing
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02996-00609328-00609614 and so in order to be
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02997-00609615-00609799 one of these things
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02998-00609800-00610095 like in this technical sense that we
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-02999-00610096-00610375 wrote up um it can't have all sorts of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03000-00610376-00610527 crazy stuff at one level that doesn't
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03001-00610528-00610679 exist at another level
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03002-00610680-00610903 it would like we
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03003-00610904-00611110 this is not supposed to be an indictment
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03004-00611111-00611262 of it but we tried to make a more
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03005-00611263-00611566 socialist example of a prediction market
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03006-00611567-00611751 um where the wealth
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03007-00611752-00611855 the the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03008-00611856-00612095 the updated wealth would be
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03009-00612096-00612399 um more evenly uh distributed and it
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03010-00612400-00612647 wasn't hierarchy like it didn't um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03011-00612648-00612831 it didn't have the fractal-like property
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03012-00612832-00613022 where it what would happen at the high
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03013-00613023-00613222 level was coherent with what was
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03014-00613223-00613422 happening to low level and so it could
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03015-00613423-00613622 have been because we weren't um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03016-00613623-00613783 we weren't creative enough or whatever
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03017-00613784-00614031 but my main point is that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03018-00614032-00614239 there are there are rules to this system
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03019-00614240-00614551 that say when it's going to kind of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03020-00614552-00614839 align across the entire structure and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03021-00614840-00614991 when it does then you get a very short
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03022-00614992-00615103 description
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03023-00615104-00615399 that that happens at all scales
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03024-00615400-00615614 and so
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03025-00615615-00615855 what what this kind of tracking system
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03026-00615856-00616087 allows is to to say
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03027-00616088-00616207 i mean you don't have to trust that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03028-00616208-00616366 dynamic organizational structures are a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03029-00616367-00616575 good system but if you were like well we
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03030-00616576-00616814 need some something to guide us here
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03031-00616815-00617070 then um you could use it to say
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03032-00617071-00617279 well this way of assembling predictions
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03033-00617280-00617414 to make a higher level prediction just
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03034-00617415-00617718 doesn't work as one of these dynamic
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03035-00617719-00617918 organizational structures and therefore
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03036-00617919-00618143 we're going to deny it as the way we're
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03037-00618144-00618255 going to do stuff because they're just
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03038-00618256-00618462 not going to work when we do multi-scale
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03039-00618463-00618751 things
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03040-00618752-00618935 these four examples
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03041-00618936-00619079 uh
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03042-00619080-00619279 do so in heavy learning for example what
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03043-00619280-00619543 we what we mean by that is um spike time
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03044-00619544-00619775 dependent plasticity where like what
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03045-00619776-00620103 happens if if i hear you say the same
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03046-00620104-00620407 kind of valence as as me but you said it
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03047-00620408-00620591 like one second ago whereas i'm saying
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03048-00620592-00620695 it now
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03049-00620696-00620870 then then i want to wire to you more
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03050-00620871-00621127 strongly so this kind of like just you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03051-00621128-00621359 know this kind of time horizon where i'm
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03052-00621360-00621535 listening for your you know your
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03053-00621536-00621710 agreement with me and if you did before
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03054-00621711-00621903 me then i want to wired you more that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03055-00621904-00622062 itself there is a way of putting those
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03056-00622063-00622183 together
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03057-00622184-00622327 that has this kind of fractal-like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03058-00622328-00622495 structure but there's tons of ways of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03059-00622496-00622639 doing it that don't
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03060-00622640-00622799 and so that that's kind of what's going
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03061-00622800-00623079 on here
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03062-00623080-00623287 in in what you just said with a short
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03063-00623288-00623551 description across scales
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03064-00623552-00623822 i see it reflected in that definition
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03065-00623823-00624007 you wrote up on the chalkboard that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03066-00624008-00624183 could be uncompressed
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03067-00624184-00624439 and in past the salt
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03068-00624440-00624679 or past the salt police
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03069-00624680-00624991 and then in the organizational setting
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03070-00624992-00625231 that kind of multi-scale decision making
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03071-00625232-00625479 and ability to address
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03072-00625480-00625551 a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03073-00625552-00625766 kind of integrated
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03074-00625767-00625895 stack
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03075-00625896-00626079 of scales
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03076-00626080-00626366 such that there is a compression
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03077-00626367-00626439 like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03078-00626440-00626607 i am running
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03079-00626608-00626870 which is describing a coherent set of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03080-00626871-00627022 actions
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03081-00627023-00627247 ranging all the way down to the to the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03082-00627248-00627462 cellular and molecular
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03083-00627463-00627751 that can be semantically compressed in a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03084-00627752-00627991 verbal or linguistic community
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03085-00627992-00628127 in a certain way and there's other
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03086-00628128-00628327 people who you say i'm running and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03087-00628328-00628431 they're going to look at you like what
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03088-00628432-00628647 language are you speaking so it still is
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03089-00628648-00628870 contextual yet we can have these
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03090-00628871-00629231 multi-scale descriptions
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03091-00629232-00629422 and then i have a note from kevin in the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03092-00629423-00629575 chat
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03093-00629576-00629751 in case it hasn't been noted might be
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03094-00629752-00630022 worth mentioning to david that markov
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03095-00630023-00630231 blankets inactive inference are just a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03096-00630232-00630414 kind of bayesian network directed
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03097-00630415-00630575 acyclic graphs with probabilities
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03098-00630576-00630775 assigned to the vertices for all those
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03099-00630776-00631055 who will be following this trail and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03100-00631056-00631231 working to um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03101-00631232-00631470 build this relationship hopefully
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03102-00631471-00631655 between category theory and active
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03103-00631656-00631895 inference thank you kevin
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03104-00631896-00632343 cool thanks
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03105-00632344-00632566 so very cool i think we're coming up on
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03106-00632567-00632743 time uh david do you want to tell us
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03107-00632744-00632935 maybe a little bit about or if you have
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03108-00632936-00633047 any questions for us about active
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03109-00633048-00633214 inference we would be happy to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03110-00633215-00633566 maybe attempt to elaborate um or also if
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03111-00633567-00633703 you want to tell us a little bit about
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03112-00633704-00633991 topos institute and um what your goal
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03113-00633992-00634283 and function or how you came to you know
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03114-00634284-00634495 self-assemble in the in that form that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03115-00634496-00634614 would be great
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03116-00634615-00634918 well sure yeah um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03117-00634919-00635327 basically in in academia there's no
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03118-00635328-00635431 i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03119-00635432-00635599 my co-founder brendan and i wrote a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03120-00635600-00635879 textbook there's no interest in textbook
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03121-00635880-00636062 writing in academia i especially like to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03122-00636063-00636287 help people learn a new subject
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03123-00636288-00636510 there's no reward for it there's no
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03124-00636511-00636783 reward in math for
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03125-00636784-00636951 making tools out of the math or like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03126-00636952-00637143 trying to help people either learn it or
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03127-00637144-00637470 use it and so um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03128-00637471-00637670 basically i'd been at mit for eight
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03129-00637671-00637927 years and then my department had said
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03130-00637928-00638135 uh we now have a new policy that you can
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03131-00638136-00638318 only be here five years if you don't
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03132-00638319-00638462 have tenure and i didn't have tenure i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03133-00638463-00638655 was a research scientist and so he gave
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03134-00638656-00638839 me two and a half years
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03135-00638840-00638927 to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03136-00638928-00639047 to go
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03137-00639048-00639247 and so um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03138-00639248-00639335 uh
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03139-00639336-00639551 i was like well okay that makes sense
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03140-00639552-00639759 because academia doesn't care about you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03141-00639760-00639903 know um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03142-00639904-00640039 about the stuff that i'm really trying
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03143-00640040-00640303 to do and so brendan and i made topos
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03144-00640304-00640479 institute because we actually want the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03145-00640480-00640687 stuff we're doing to help the world make
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03146-00640688-00640887 more sense of things like we are this
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03147-00640888-00641062 gigantic we you know we
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03148-00641063-00641287 we're a network of people that the world
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03149-00641288-00641487 that has to steer that has to decide is
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03150-00641488-00641727 climate change real you know is
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03151-00641728-00641927 is obama a muslim we don't know these
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03152-00641928-00642103 answers apparently we don't we can't
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03153-00642104-00642318 figure these things out and that just i
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03154-00642319-00642431 think it's because we don't have the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03155-00642432-00642662 communication to to um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03156-00642663-00642766 to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03157-00642767-00642943 to do that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03158-00642944-00643183 and so i just want like i think there's
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03159-00643184-00643399 just it's not because i think there is
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03160-00643400-00643687 this greed thing in everyone or this
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03161-00643688-00643855 need to survive or whatever it is this
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03162-00643856-00644055 hiding of information that like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03163-00644056-00644255 is probably causing problems and i don't
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03164-00644256-00644375 really understand it and you're right
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03165-00644376-00644527 like we don't need everything out in the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03166-00644528-00644631 open
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03167-00644632-00644814 but mostly i think what's really causing
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03168-00644815-00645055 problems is just lack of communication
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03169-00645056-00645262 it's like my greed if i understood how
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03170-00645263-00645503 it's affecting you maybe i wouldn't need
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03171-00645504-00645727 to do this particular one and like if
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03172-00645728-00645910 you understood how the scientists came
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03173-00645911-00646159 to the idea of climate change and you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03174-00646160-00646359 could like track
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03175-00646360-00646503 track that to the level you wanted to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03176-00646504-00646687 you could like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03177-00646688-00646855 actually you know understand these
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03178-00646856-00647022 things then maybe you wouldn't question
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03179-00647023-00647222 it it's just that like you haven't done
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03180-00647223-00647335 the experiment for yourself and you're
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03181-00647336-00647487 not trusting that it's done the right
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03182-00647488-00647791 way and so i was hoping at least that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03183-00647792-00647959 the more we can help people communicate
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03184-00647960-00648135 and understand each other
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03185-00648136-00648422 um and have high fidelity accounting
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03186-00648423-00648670 systems so we can like be accountable
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03187-00648671-00648831 um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03188-00648832-00649014 the more we can solve problems together
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03189-00649015-00649135 and like since that wasn't being
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03190-00649136-00649407 rewarded in academia itself
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03191-00649408-00649655 um we we needed to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03192-00649656-00649839 go outside and position ourselves kind
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03193-00649840-00650087 of between academia and industry and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03194-00650088-00650343 society and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03195-00650344-00650535 so that's how we decided to form
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03196-00650536-00650766 topos
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03197-00650767-00650975 that that notion of accountable
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03198-00650976-00651110 communication
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03199-00651111-00651327 is really powerful
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03200-00651328-00651543 because we see cases where
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03201-00651544-00651759 communications are accounted for with
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03202-00651760-00652070 meta data logging and peer review and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03203-00652071-00652303 where are we accountable socially where
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03204-00652304-00652551 is it a digital accountability
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03205-00652552-00652870 and the accounting schemes are askew and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03206-00652871-00653118 so people are looking at their shred of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03207-00653119-00653279 the spreadsheet
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03208-00653280-00653403 and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03209-00653404-00653614 uncertain on how those numbers were
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03210-00653615-00653799 derived whether it's the whole picture
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03211-00653800-00654031 do you have all the sheets in that file
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03212-00654032-00654270 like with a partial picture and yet the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03213-00654271-00654447 space of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03214-00654448-00654679 communication strategies just like that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03215-00654680-00654991 thousand part transistor board was vast
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03216-00654992-00655191 well there's more than a thousand people
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03217-00655192-00655455 and so the space of communication
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03218-00655456-00655727 simply edges let alone
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03219-00655728-00656127 quality and tone and content is so vast
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03220-00656128-00656207 that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03221-00656208-00656470 again it emphasizes the need for a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03222-00656471-00656783 vocabulary and a grammar and a syntax of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03223-00656784-00656983 composable dynamic organizational
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03224-00656984-00657118 structures
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03225-00657119-00657487 so we can even begin to be working not
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03226-00657488-00657759 just in this one very local potentially
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03227-00657760-00658166 reason in organizational space
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03228-00658167-00658391 yeah i totally agree i mean in computers
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03229-00658392-00658575 and the internet we have
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03230-00658576-00658766 very composable things that you can
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03231-00658767-00658951 write really make math out of and like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03232-00658952-00659151 at every scale in some sense there's the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03233-00659152-00659335 same sort of thing happening and this
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03234-00659336-00659510 allows computer scientists to talk to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03235-00659511-00659783 each other and the guy working someone
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03236-00659784-00659959 working on like internet protocols and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03237-00659960-00660199 someone working on transistors on some
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03238-00660200-00660470 level they can kind of talk but like an
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03239-00660471-00660655 urban planning person
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03240-00660656-00660959 and a you know a biologist geneticist
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03241-00660960-00661183 and a mathematician and like i don't
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03242-00661184-00661262 know
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03243-00661263-00661431 whatever like these people across
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03244-00661432-00661679 society they have they're like talking
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03245-00661680-00661903 in wingdings at each other like they're
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03246-00661904-00662070 just like you know
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03247-00662071-00662375 mailbox envelope ampersand and like they
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03248-00662376-00662479 don't understand what each other is
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03249-00662480-00662607 talking about and that they're we're
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03250-00662608-00662814 never gonna
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03251-00662815-00663031 if we can't cohere like there's all
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03252-00663032-00663135 these little languages and they're not
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03253-00663136-00663431 coherent together and in category theory
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03254-00663432-00663575 there's tons of languages there's a
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03255-00663576-00663743 language of topology there's a language
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03256-00663744-00663927 of algebra there's language of logic
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03257-00663928-00664135 there's logic you know there's
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03258-00664136-00664295 number theory there's tons and tons of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03259-00664296-00664510 languages and each one
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03260-00664511-00664710 needs to be an isolated like needs to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03261-00664711-00664870 have its own space so it can develop
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03262-00664871-00665143 notation for itself so it can develop
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03263-00665144-00665310 techniques for itself and not have to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03264-00665311-00665527 like ask anybody else's permission
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03265-00665528-00665718 and what category theory and same with
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03266-00665719-00665918 like urban planning and genetics like
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03267-00665919-00666079 they don't the geneticist doesn't want
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03268-00666080-00666375 to say like oh sorry i used the word you
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03269-00666376-00666566 know structure and i know you're already
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03270-00666567-00666710 using the word structure so we'll call
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03271-00666711-00666814 it something else like they don't want
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03272-00666815-00666983 to like have to do that
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03273-00666984-00667175 and yet in category theory what it
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03274-00667176-00667391 allows you to do in math is
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03275-00667392-00667703 take topology and make an analogy with
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03276-00667704-00667935 number theory or with algebra and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03277-00667936-00668175 actually send information that can
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03278-00668176-00668399 lands intact because you the functor
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03279-00668400-00668591 tells you what you're expecting to keep
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03280-00668592-00668783 and what you're expecting to lose across
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03281-00668784-00669007 this connection and and anything you're
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03282-00669008-00669231 expecting keep it keeps and so what
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03283-00669232-00669510 we're hoping for is that by creating
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03284-00669511-00669647 like finding
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03285-00669648-00669887 languages that that you can use across
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03286-00669888-00670055 lots of disciplines from say
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03287-00670056-00670383 epidemiology to chemistry or whatever um
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03288-00670384-00670607 we can create single like languages and
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03289-00670608-00670822 then connect them to other languages
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03290-00670823-00671079 database languages and physics languages
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03291-00671080-00671351 and stuff like that and um allow them to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03292-00671352-00671591 each evolve independently and create
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03293-00671592-00671839 their own independent you know notation
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03294-00671840-00672087 and techniques and yet be able to have
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03295-00672088-00672270 that interface that compressed thing
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03296-00672271-00672422 send something across the boundary to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03297-00672423-00672655 somebody else and have it arrive intact
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03298-00672656-00673143 in a trustworthy and accountable way
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03299-00673144-00673239 awesome
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03300-00673240-00673414 well david thanks for
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03301-00673415-00673566 hanging out with us and talking to us
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03302-00673567-00673862 about category theory um and maybe come
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03303-00673863-00674007 back and talk to us some more about it
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03304-00674008-00674262 and maybe we can align deeper on on the
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03305-00674263-00674455 relationship between um the type of
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03306-00674456-00674607 things that you're discussing and active
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03307-00674608-00674775 inference that'd be great that's great
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03308-00674776-00674991 yeah thanks a lot for the invitations to
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03309-00674992-00675127 be with you guys today
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03310-00675128-00675414 great thanks thank you david goodbye
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03311-00675415-00678310 bye
+-B1iPYRr6bQ-03312-00678311-00678519 you
+-Cb0QTYzNlU-00000-00000000-00000189 hang on I've got you
+-Cb0QTYzNlU-00001-00000190-00000655 [Music]
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00000-00000002-00000248 rob Janov is a world-renowned designer
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00001-00000249-00000736 he also designed the Apple logo he says
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00002-00000737-00000911 about it I bought some apples and put
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00003-00000911-00001066 them in a bowl and spent a week to
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00004-00001067-00001394 drawing them after a week he bites one
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00005-00001395-00001693 of the apples he suddenly realized that
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00006-00001694-00001871 bite sounded exactly the same as the
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00007-00001872-00002183 computer turned bite that's how he
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00008-00002184-00003847 designed the Apple logo it's hard to
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00009-00003848-00004076 believe but Pepsi has spent more than 1
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00010-00004077-00004256 million dollars to design this special
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00011-00004257-00004738 logo
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00012-00004739-00005024 this special design refers to mysterious
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00013-00005025-00005204 and hidden themes such as the Earth's
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00014-00005205-00005372 magnetic field feng shui
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00015-00005373-00005645 Pythagoras geo dynamics relativity and
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00016-00005646-00006127 the golden ratio
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00017-00006128-00006404 the colors red white and blue have
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00018-00006405-00006545 always been the flag of the United
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00019-00006545-00007445 States but if you turn this logo upside
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00020-00007445-00007664 down the name Pepsi will change to is
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00021-00007665-00007904 dead of course this dead have a little
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00022-00007905-00008138 different from this one this dead is
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00023-00008139-00008728 used for jokes
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00024-00008729-00008993 but if you drink a lot you will surely
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00025-00008994-00010415 die sooner have you ever wondered who
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00026-00010416-00010583 this beautiful girl is in the Starbucks
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00027-00010584-00010958 logo although she is said to be a
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00028-00010959-00011156 mermaid but the original story dates
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00029-00011157-00011485 back to 1971 when Starbucks first
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00030-00011486-00011666 designed this logo and put this girl in
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00031-00011667-00012146 the logo but who is this girl in the 7th
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00032-00012147-00012341 century King Alina's of Albania married
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00033-00012342-00012566 a woman named person who was not a human
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00034-00012567-00012796 being the result of their marriage was a
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00035-00012797-00013043 beautiful girl named Melissa at a youth
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00036-00013044-00013213 age melu Singh killed her father in the
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00037-00013215-00013430 mountain which angers her mother the
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00038-00013431-00013577 deed displeased her mother and as
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00039-00013578-00013736 punishment Mela scene was condemned to
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00040-00013737-00013913 transform into a serpent from the waist
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00041-00013913-00014413 down every Saturday but that logo has
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00042-00014415-00015440 changed over the years 1971
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00043-00015441-00016302 and so it is in 2020 but this will be
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00044-00016303-00016605 the case in 2023 as you can see she gets
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00045-00016606-00018039 closer if this method continues this
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00046-00018040-00018327 logo will be like this in 2031 and this
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00047-00018328-00018524 will be the case in 2045
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00048-00018525-00019944 [Music]
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00049-00019945-00020197 you see the logo of the Formula One
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00050-00020198-00020461 racing club as you can see the letter F
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00051-00020462-00020668 is in the left side and a red stripes is
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00052-00020669-00020830 in the right side which is a graphic
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00053-00020831-00021043 symbol of speed but if you look closely
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00054-00021044-00021232 you can see that there is number one
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00055-00021233-00021362 between app and the red stripes
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00056-00021363-00022185 [Music]
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00057-00022186-00022399 Toblerone is a well-known chocolate
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00058-00022400-00022660 company based in Bern Switzerland this
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00059-00022661-00022831 city is called the city of bears and
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00060-00022832-00023047 that's why this company has designed to
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00061-00023048-00023707 bear in its logo it is often thought
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00062-00023708-00023869 that the center of the BMW logo
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00063-00023870-00024076 symbolises the rotating blades of an
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00064-00024077-00024465 aircraft
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00065-00024466-00024879 but it's just part of the Bavarian flag
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00066-00024880-00025105 Bavaria is the name of a region in
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00067-00025106-00025782 Germany where the company is located
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00068-00025783-00026028 most people think that the Hyundai logo
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00069-00026029-00026164 is the first letter of the Korean
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00070-00026164-00026479 company's name but in fact it is a
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00071-00026480-00026662 symbol of two people a customer and a
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00072-00026663-00027320 company representative who shake hands
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00073-00027322-00027592 at first glance the Amazon logo doesn't
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00074-00027593-00027714 seem to have any meaning
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00075-00027716-00027943 but this logo is designed according to
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00076-00027944-00028186 the company's philosophy the orange
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00077-00028187-00028366 flash is like a smile because the
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00078-00028367-00028510 company wants its customers to be
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00079-00028511-00028804 satisfied the flash is also drawn from
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00080-00028805-00028983 the letter A to Z indicating that the
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00081-00028985-00029747 company sells all possible goods
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00082-00029748-00030008 you can see the logo of the Bronx Zoo in
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00083-00030010-00030237 New York two giraffes and three birds
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00084-00030238-00030435 are housed in the logo which matches the
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00085-00030436-00030726 zoo but if you look closely you'll see
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00086-00030727-00030918 that the famous New York skyscrapers are
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00087-00030919-00032108 also in the logo
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00088-00032108-00032349 if you liked this video hit the
+-DMXw1aKMmc-00089-00032350-00032745 subscribe button to receive more videos
+-DNpbeeyK04-00000-00000032-00000311 good morning guys it is eureka misha it
+-DNpbeeyK04-00001-00000312-00000447 is sunday morning
+-DNpbeeyK04-00002-00000448-00000751 and i am cooking sunday dinner uh
+-DNpbeeyK04-00003-00000752-00001039 chicken and shrimp alfredo
+-DNpbeeyK04-00004-00001040-00001215 um yup the other week i cook shrimp
+-DNpbeeyK04-00005-00001216-00001391 alfredo this week i want to do chicken
+-DNpbeeyK04-00006-00001392-00001535 and shrimp alfredo
+-DNpbeeyK04-00007-00001536-00001710 all right i have the prego home style
+-DNpbeeyK04-00008-00001711-00001934 alfredo i got this from publix i think
+-DNpbeeyK04-00009-00001935-00002087 it was like three bucks
+-DNpbeeyK04-00010-00002088-00002431 um we have the mueller spaghetti
+-DNpbeeyK04-00011-00002432-00002734 and i also have which you guys know it's
+-DNpbeeyK04-00012-00002735-00002926 been marinating overnight i have my
+-DNpbeeyK04-00013-00002927-00003079 shrimp
+-DNpbeeyK04-00014-00003080-00003486 i have my um jumbo shrimp
+-DNpbeeyK04-00015-00003488-00003759 and i have my chicken i've got them i
+-DNpbeeyK04-00016-00003760-00003935 cleaned them you know season them up
+-DNpbeeyK04-00017-00003936-00004079 just put them both in the same container
+-DNpbeeyK04-00018-00004079-00004238 you know one on each side so
+-DNpbeeyK04-00019-00004239-00004486 that is our shrimp marinating overnight
+-DNpbeeyK04-00020-00004487-00004591 and our chicken
+-DNpbeeyK04-00021-00004592-00004759 that's gonna go on our chicken alfredo
+-DNpbeeyK04-00022-00004760-00005022 guys let's go let's get to cooking
+-DNpbeeyK04-00023-00005023-00005367 okay guys i am grilling my chicken
+-DNpbeeyK04-00024-00005368-00005718 getting my chicken all grilled up
+-DNpbeeyK04-00025-00005719-00005934 um now the shrimp is already pre-cooked
+-DNpbeeyK04-00026-00005935-00006159 so i'm just gonna add that to the
+-DNpbeeyK04-00027-00006160-00006343 noodles
+-DNpbeeyK04-00028-00006344-00006606 and the alfredo sauce i don't have to
+-DNpbeeyK04-00029-00006608-00006878 cook the shrimp they're already cooked
+-DNpbeeyK04-00030-00006879-00007231 just getting my chicken chunks um
+-DNpbeeyK04-00031-00007231-00007423 i just did the boneless skinless chicken
+-DNpbeeyK04-00032-00007423-00007542 and i cut it into
+-DNpbeeyK04-00033-00007543-00007839 um chunks so right now i'm getting that
+-DNpbeeyK04-00034-00007840-00007998 all cooked up
+-DNpbeeyK04-00035-00008000-00008159 got my spaghetti noodles over there
+-DNpbeeyK04-00036-00008159-00008483 boiling
+-DNpbeeyK04-00037-00008484-00008831 so it doesn't take long
+-DNpbeeyK04-00038-00008832-00009063 uh for the chicken doesn't take long to
+-DNpbeeyK04-00039-00009064-00009495 get it all grilled up at all so
+-DNpbeeyK04-00040-00009496-00009831 get that nicely grilled up
+-DNpbeeyK04-00041-00009832-00010174 i seasoned it salt and pepper parsley
+-DNpbeeyK04-00042-00010175-00010406 a little garlic salt not too much
+-DNpbeeyK04-00043-00010407-00010591 because your alfredo sauce already has
+-DNpbeeyK04-00044-00010592-00010774 enough flavor you don't want to
+-DNpbeeyK04-00045-00010775-00011078 over season then it'll just be too salty
+-DNpbeeyK04-00046-00011079-00011399 so all right guys i'm gonna go ahead and
+-DNpbeeyK04-00047-00011400-00011583 finish grilling up this meat this
+-DNpbeeyK04-00048-00011584-00011670 chicken
+-DNpbeeyK04-00049-00011671-00011855 i've got my noodles boiling back there
+-DNpbeeyK04-00050-00011856-00011974 my spaghetti noodles
+-DNpbeeyK04-00051-00011975-00012142 and i'll be back to uh get everything
+-DNpbeeyK04-00052-00012143-00012374 combined guys
+-DNpbeeyK04-00053-00012375-00012695 okay guys i'm back i've got my pasta all
+-DNpbeeyK04-00054-00012696-00012927 ready um i've got my chicken grilled
+-DNpbeeyK04-00055-00012928-00013086 over here and i've got my shrimp
+-DNpbeeyK04-00056-00013087-00013391 waiting to join the parties so let's go
+-DNpbeeyK04-00057-00013391-00013655 ahead and add our fredo sauce
+-DNpbeeyK04-00058-00013656-00014279 let me get this eye on here
+-DNpbeeyK04-00059-00014280-00014679 all right let's get our alfredo sauce in
+-DNpbeeyK04-00060-00014680-00014847 there
+-DNpbeeyK04-00061-00014847-00015199 yes
+-DNpbeeyK04-00062-00015200-00015391 a little water in there so we can get
+-DNpbeeyK04-00063-00015391-00015630 all of our alfredo sauce
+-DNpbeeyK04-00064-00015631-00015855 y'all know me i ain't leaving nothing
+-DNpbeeyK04-00065-00015856-00016055 behind
+-DNpbeeyK04-00066-00016056-00016863 let's get that mixed up
+-DNpbeeyK04-00067-00016864-00017175 all right get the rest of our
+-DNpbeeyK04-00068-00017176-00017703 alfredo sauce all right we got that
+-DNpbeeyK04-00069-00017704-00018055 make sure you guys can see yes
+-DNpbeeyK04-00070-00018056-00018399 all right i don't want to cut
+-DNpbeeyK04-00071-00018400-00018767 our eye up too high just low heat we're
+-DNpbeeyK04-00072-00018768-00018911 just
+-DNpbeeyK04-00073-00018912-00019311 combining everything together
+-DNpbeeyK04-00074-00019312-00019543 let's get that sauce all nicely mixed
+-DNpbeeyK04-00075-00019544-00020599 with our pasta
+-DNpbeeyK04-00076-00020600-00020863 got on a low heat let me go ahead and
+-DNpbeeyK04-00077-00020864-00021686 get that shrimp in there
+-DNpbeeyK04-00078-00021687-00021878 y'all know i'm loading it up with the
+-DNpbeeyK04-00079-00021879-00022399 shrimp
+-DNpbeeyK04-00080-00022400-00023119 y'all know me i like a lot of shrimp
+-DNpbeeyK04-00081-00023120-00023430 okay we got our shrimp in there let's go
+-DNpbeeyK04-00082-00023431-00023583 ahead and get this chicken in here our
+-DNpbeeyK04-00083-00023584-00023783 nicely grilled chicken
+-DNpbeeyK04-00084-00023784-00023967 show you guys that i got that all nicely
+-DNpbeeyK04-00085-00023968-00024094 brown
+-DNpbeeyK04-00086-00024095-00024447 let's go ahead and add it to the party
+-DNpbeeyK04-00087-00024448-00024735 it tastes so good y'all know i gotta
+-DNpbeeyK04-00088-00024736-00024983 sample everything
+-DNpbeeyK04-00089-00024984-00025358 all right okay
+-DNpbeeyK04-00090-00025359-00025711 let's get everything mixed together
+-DNpbeeyK04-00091-00025712-00026055 oh it looks so good
+-DNpbeeyK04-00092-00026056-00026358 so yummy
+-DNpbeeyK04-00093-00026360-00026727 shrimp and chicken alfredo
+-DNpbeeyK04-00094-00026727-00026983 i love chicken alfredo by itself i love
+-DNpbeeyK04-00095-00026983-00027207 shrimp alfredo by itself
+-DNpbeeyK04-00096-00027208-00027511 but i love chicken and shrimp together
+-DNpbeeyK04-00097-00027512-00027718 sometimes i cook bacon and chop bacon up
+-DNpbeeyK04-00098-00027719-00027911 in here that's good too guys
+-DNpbeeyK04-00099-00027912-00028223 that's good too but i didn't feel like
+-DNpbeeyK04-00100-00028224-00028414 it today
+-DNpbeeyK04-00101-00028416-00028567 that bacon gives it a whole another
+-DNpbeeyK04-00102-00028568-00028758 flavor too
+-DNpbeeyK04-00103-00028760-00028911 i like cooking everything separate like
+-DNpbeeyK04-00104-00028912-00029079 cooking my chicken separately
+-DNpbeeyK04-00105-00029080-00029483 and then just add and everything oh
+-DNpbeeyK04-00106-00029483-00029855 wait delicious
+-DNpbeeyK04-00107-00029856-00030039 and i got some garlic bread too i've got
+-DNpbeeyK04-00108-00030039-00030190 to show y'all
+-DNpbeeyK04-00109-00030191-00030351 but y'all seen that garlic bread i used
+-DNpbeeyK04-00110-00030352-00030535 before it's the uh
+-DNpbeeyK04-00111-00030536-00031383 i think it's the ciabatta garlic bread
+-DNpbeeyK04-00112-00031383-00031783 looks delicious
+-DNpbeeyK04-00113-00031783-00032487 looks delicious
+-DNpbeeyK04-00114-00032488-00032718 oh some chunks of chicken chunks of
+-DNpbeeyK04-00115-00032719-00033255 shrimp guys
+-DNpbeeyK04-00116-00033256-00033662 it looks amazing let me zoom y'all in
+-DNpbeeyK04-00117-00033663-00033959 it looks amazing look at the chicken in
+-DNpbeeyK04-00118-00033960-00034118 the shrimp
+-DNpbeeyK04-00119-00034119-00035083 big chunks of chicken those jumbo shrimp
+-DNpbeeyK04-00120-00035084-00035615 yes
+-DNpbeeyK04-00121-00035616-00036127 yes delicious
+-DNpbeeyK04-00122-00036128-00036367 all right guys that is our shrimp and
+-DNpbeeyK04-00123-00036368-00036479 chicken alfredo
+-DNpbeeyK04-00124-00036480-00036662 you see me do it so you know i did it
+-DNpbeeyK04-00125-00036663-00036823 this is erica misha thank you guys so
+-DNpbeeyK04-00126-00036824-00036911 much for watching
+-DNpbeeyK04-00127-00036912-00037127 don't forget to like comment subscribe
+-DNpbeeyK04-00128-00037128-00037318 follow me on my social medias
+-DNpbeeyK04-00129-00037319-00037502 especially the instagram guys and don't
+-DNpbeeyK04-00130-00037503-00037711 forget knowledge is power guys
+-DNpbeeyK04-00131-00037712-00037902 go go and watch some of my other videos
+-DNpbeeyK04-00132-00037903-00038015 guys thank you
+-DNpbeeyK04-00133-00038016-00038280 bye
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00000-00000221-00000931 [Music]
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00001-00000932-00001462 [Music]
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00002-00001463-00001695 thank you very much and thanks for
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00003-00001696-00001934 selecting this talk it's clearly uh it
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00004-00001935-00002102 clearly shows that
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00005-00002103-00002326 that you are interested in in this new
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00006-00002327-00002663 way of of computation sorry can i have
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00007-00002664-00003007 thanks
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00008-00003008-00003231 let me start with a clear definition of
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00009-00003232-00003527 what is a quantum computer in big words
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00010-00003528-00003751 it's a device that can process the
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00011-00003752-00003983 information in a quantum mechanical way
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00012-00003984-00004183 and that means that the the quantum
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00013-00004184-00004406 information units that are called qubits
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00014-00004407-00004631 obey the laws of quantum mechanics that
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00015-00004632-00004799 these are the physics that happens at
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00016-00004800-00005015 the microscopic scale
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00017-00005016-00005095 in
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00018-00005096-00005335 in a big picture it it's composed of two
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00019-00005336-00005559 parts the software part is the set of
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00020-00005560-00005743 instructions that means the physical
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00021-00005744-00005991 operations on the device that are sent
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00022-00005992-00006206 to the hardware and this set of
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00023-00006207-00006406 instructions this software is classical
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00024-00006408-00006670 that means that is traditional computing
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00025-00006672-00006863 and this set of instruction is sent to
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00026-00006864-00007087 the quantum computer which is composed
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00027-00007088-00007246 with the quantum processing unit that
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00028-00007247-00007470 contains the qubits which are the basic
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00029-00007472-00007678 information units of information of
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00030-00007679-00007846 quantum information
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00031-00007847-00008119 this hardware is purely quantum and the
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00032-00008120-00008351 result of the computation is returned
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00033-00008352-00008495 again to the software part to
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00034-00008496-00008727 post-process or to obtain the the
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00035-00008728-00008942 solution of our problem or to start the
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00036-00008943-00009167 loop once again so in the end quantum
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00037-00009168-00009406 computation has not come here to replace
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00038-00009407-00009574 classical computation or traditional
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00039-00009575-00009799 computation but it needs from this
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00040-00009800-00010095 traditional computation also to work so
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00041-00010096-00010327 in a sense it's a different way of doing
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00042-00010328-00010638 computation and why is why is it so
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00043-00010639-00010838 powerful and why are we doing this kind
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00044-00010839-00011110 of effort to build these devices
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00045-00011111-00011263 in the recent years
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00046-00011264-00011478 so first of all it works in a completely
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00047-00011479-00011735 different way so instead of having bits
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00048-00011736-00011919 which are the the basic information
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00049-00011920-00012127 classical information units that are
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00050-00012128-00012310 zeros and ones and where the
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00051-00012311-00012559 well-defined states we have what we call
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00052-00012560-00012759 cubit which is the quantum information
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00053-00012760-00012838 unit
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00054-00012839-00013079 and it has two well-defined states the
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00055-00013080-00013319 zero and the one but it can also have a
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00056-00013319-00013519 mixture between these two states which
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00057-00013519-00013766 is called the superposition state and
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00058-00013768-00013911 the important point
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00059-00013912-00014222 here is that the the coefficients in in
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00060-00014223-00014407 front of these 0 and this one can be
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00061-00014408-00014607 complex that means can be positive
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00062-00014608-00014943 negative or or complex imaginary numbers
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00063-00014944-00015222 so during the quantum computation of our
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00064-00015223-00015383 quantum algorithms
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00065-00015384-00015671 there will help happen a set of
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00066-00015672-00015847 of phenomena
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00067-00015847-00016055 called entanglement and also called
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00068-00016056-00016319 interference which will be in the in the
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00069-00016319-00016527 key part of our quantum algorithms that
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00070-00016528-00016791 doesn't happen in classical computation
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00071-00016792-00017086 so because of these superposition states
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00072-00017087-00017294 if we want to simulate what happens in a
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00073-00017295-00017479 quantum computer with a traditional
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00074-00017480-00017758 computer even if if it's a supercomputer
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00075-00017759-00017991 we need an exponential amount of bits of
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00076-00017992-00018214 information and this is the main reason
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00077-00018215-00018430 why it's so difficult and so hard and it
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00078-00018431-00018727 requires so much resources to simulate
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00079-00018728-00018935 uh quantum systems like chemistry like
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00080-00018936-00019127 material science like condensed matter
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00081-00019128-00019367 models etc with classical computers with
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00082-00019368-00019583 traditional computers and this is one of
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00083-00019584-00019750 the reasons why are we building this
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00084-00019751-00019919 kind of devices because we want to
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00085-00019920-00020135 understand better what happens at the
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00086-00020136-00020367 microscopic scale because it has many
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00087-00020368-00020583 implications as you can imagine in in
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00088-00020584-00020727 different fields
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00089-00020728-00020927 and on the other hand it's not only
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00090-00020928-00021150 about the the resources that we need to
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00091-00021151-00021239 study
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00092-00021240-00021463 quantum simulations and quantum systems
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00093-00021464-00021678 but it's also about other kinds of
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00094-00021679-00021839 problems that we can solve with this
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00095-00021840-00022111 kind of computers so in particular we
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00096-00022112-00022327 know that there are a class of states
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00097-00022328-00022494 sorry a class of problems that we can
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00098-00022495-00022686 solve efficiently with a quantum
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00099-00022687-00022871 computer but we can't do that
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00100-00022872-00023078 efficiently with a classical computer
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00101-00023079-00023239 and one of these main examples is a
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00102-00023240-00023471 factorization algorithm that is
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00103-00023472-00023639 efficient with quantum computers and
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00104-00023640-00023863 that means that in the in the future
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00105-00023864-00024063 once we have a more powerful quantum
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00106-00024064-00024327 computers we will be able to uh break
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00107-00024328-00024535 and break the cryptography the classical
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00108-00024536-00024758 cryptography because this is one of the
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00109-00024759-00024942 of the problems that is at the core of
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00110-00024943-00025294 this of this kind of cryptography
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00111-00025295-00025542 so but uh to arrive to these super big
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00112-00025543-00025743 quantum computers that are so powerful
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00113-00025744-00025974 for this particular kinds of of problems
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00114-00025975-00026167 we need to address different
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00115-00026168-00026390 challenges and let me summarize some of
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00116-00026391-00026623 them in this slide so the first one is
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00117-00026624-00026846 people we need a critical mass we need
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00118-00026847-00027039 people that are trained to use quantum
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00119-00027039-00027270 computers and to develop new quantum
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00120-00027272-00027446 algorithms and also to build these
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00121-00027447-00027687 devices and there is a clear lag in the
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00122-00027688-00027927 world in people that knows about this
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00123-00027927-00028151 this technology because this quite a
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00124-00028152-00028270 recent
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00125-00028272-00028462 field it has more than 40 years of
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00126-00028463-00028758 history but it was in the rest 15 years
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00127-00028760-00028943 or so that these devices have become a
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00128-00028944-00029262 reality so now there is a huge urge for
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00129-00029263-00029431 companies for research centers
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00130-00029432-00029718 universities etc to find this talent and
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00131-00029719-00029895 to find people to to work on this
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00132-00029895-00030055 computation
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00133-00030056-00030302 next it's the enabling technology so to
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00134-00030303-00030502 build a quantum computer we need also
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00135-00030503-00030687 other kinds of technologies that are not
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00136-00030688-00030774 only
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00137-00030775-00030974 applied to quantum computation but also
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00138-00030975-00031190 to other fields and that
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00139-00031191-00031446 includes cryogenics includes fast
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00140-00031447-00031711 electronics include integrated chips and
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00141-00031712-00031887 include photonics
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00142-00031888-00032111 among and many other
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00143-00032112-00032327 technologies that are required to boost
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00144-00032327-00032607 this quantum computing ecosystem we need
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00145-00032608-00032799 more people from different fields not
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00146-00032800-00033023 only physicists this is a traditionally
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00147-00033024-00033151 physics
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00148-00033152-00033399 field but now we also need computer
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00149-00033400-00033599 scientists we also need engineers we
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00150-00033600-00033751 need people from different backgrounds
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00151-00033752-00034062 in order to study and and
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00152-00034063-00034262 check what are the applications of this
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00153-00034263-00034518 new way of computing and finally in
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00154-00034519-00034727 order to have all these pillars we also
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00155-00034728-00034927 need quantum as a service we need to
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00156-00034928-00035079 offer this kind of devices to the
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00157-00035080-00035287 community in order to explore all the
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00158-00035288-00035527 advantages and and all the limits of
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00159-00035528-00035695 this computation
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00160-00035696-00035871 so this is the context where we have
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00161-00035872-00036174 quantum spain this is a 22 million euros
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00162-00036175-00036399 project that comes from from the
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00163-00036400-00036599 government of spain and is funded by the
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00164-00036600-00036767 next generation funds
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00165-00036768-00037046 and the goal of this of this project is
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00166-00037047-00037287 to install a quantum computer in the vsc
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00167-00037288-00037518 facilities which access will be managed
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00168-00037519-00037751 by the spanish supercomputing network
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00169-00037752-00037990 and on top of that we also have
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00170-00037991-00038230 different research groups that will work
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00171-00038231-00038446 on developing new quantum algorithms and
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00172-00038447-00038646 exploring the applications in particular
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00173-00038647-00038855 in artificial intelligence and we will
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00174-00038856-00039102 also have a training program to in order
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00175-00039103-00039287 to get to bring this
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00176-00039288-00039559 this kind of of computation to all kinds
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00177-00039560-00039727 of people from different backgrounds in
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00178-00039728-00039927 order to explore as i said all the
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00179-00039928-00040143 potential applications and all the
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00180-00040144-00040367 limits of this computation the important
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00181-00040368-00040527 point from bsc is that we are the
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00182-00040528-00040815 coordinators of this super big project
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00183-00040816-00040999 and that means that we will have the
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00184-00041000-00041215 first south european quantum computer
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00185-00041216-00041446 that will give us service and it will be
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00186-00041447-00041702 located in our center and i think we all
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00187-00041703-00041935 we should all be proud of of this super
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00188-00041936-00042127 big project
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00189-00042128-00042390 so let me uh in two slides explain what
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00190-00042391-00042646 will be the specific role of bsc in this
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00191-00042647-00042823 project besides coordinating it of
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00192-00042824-00043071 course the first of all is the quantum
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00193-00043072-00043279 computation facilities this is a big
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00194-00043280-00043479 challenge as you can imagine but we are
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00195-00043480-00043727 already working on that and we will
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00196-00043728-00043927 choose a particular computing technology
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00197-00043928-00044167 which is called superconducting qubits
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00198-00044168-00044383 and that means that the central piece of
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00199-00044384-00044655 this of this kind of computation is what
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00200-00044656-00044887 is called a dilution refrigerator which
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00201-00044888-00045118 is a super big fruit in the fridge that
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00202-00045119-00045371 cools down to millikelvin that is minus
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00203-00045372-00045535 2073
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00204-00045536-00045743 degrees celsius degrees so when it's
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00205-00045744-00045895 open it looks like this it's really
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00206-00045896-00046071 beautiful but normally you will see it
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00207-00046072-00046335 close because otherwise it cannot work
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00208-00046336-00046639 and inside of these big fridges on the
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00209-00046640-00046839 bottom of it we will have different
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00210-00046840-00047030 quantum chips so the goal of this
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00211-00047031-00047223 project is to install different kinds of
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00212-00047224-00047455 chips starting with a few qubits and
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00213-00047456-00047639 scaling up until the end of the project
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00214-00047640-00047815 in 2025
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00215-00047816-00047983 and the goal in the end is to adapt to
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00216-00047984-00048215 the state-of-the-art technology in order
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00217-00048216-00048511 to introduce new quantum chips as as
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00218-00048512-00048695 long as the technology is progressing
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00219-00048696-00048895 and new kind of properties are
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00220-00048896-00049127 discovered with these devices
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00221-00049128-00049318 and on top of all of this we will also
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00222-00049319-00049502 have a quantum simulator which is a
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00223-00049503-00049718 traditional computing device it's an apc
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00224-00049719-00049983 device that is specifically suited for
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00225-00049984-00050246 uh for simulating quantum systems and in
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00226-00050247-00050527 this sense uh we that's one of the goals
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00227-00050528-00050783 that we do in the quantity group
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00228-00050784-00050990 which is study precisely what are the
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00229-00050991-00051223 limits of quantum computation and under
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00230-00051224-00051430 applications not only with quantum
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00231-00051432-00051735 computers but also with ap ap hpc
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00232-00051736-00051982 devices so in this sense the goal is to
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00233-00051983-00052199 benchmark to test and to study different
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00234-00052200-00052454 quantum algorithms and see and also
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00235-00052455-00052638 study different kinds of properties of
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00236-00052639-00052919 the matter and for that we use different
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00237-00052920-00053150 well-known theoretical techniques that
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00238-00053151-00053366 are called tensor networks and we put
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00239-00053367-00053599 all of them together inside of
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00240-00053600-00053854 of machines like mariano's room using
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00241-00053855-00054047 distributed computing with the help with
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00242-00054048-00054238 our colleagues from computer science
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00243-00054239-00054391 department
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00244-00054391-00054638 and last but not least we also prepared
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00245-00054639-00054766 an
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00246-00054767-00054991 different quantum algorithms that are
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00247-00054991-00055191 purely quantum algorithms we run them in
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00248-00055191-00055454 the cloud with different comp uh quantum
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00249-00055455-00055671 computing facilities like the ibm ones
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00250-00055672-00055919 and our goal will be to this time test
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00251-00055920-00056159 this kind of algorithms in our own
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00252-00056160-00056375 quantum computer and in this sense we
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00253-00056376-00056582 were studying in classical quantum
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00254-00056583-00056791 classical hybrid algorithms as i said at
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00255-00056791-00057007 the beginning we also need classical
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00256-00057008-00057215 computation to to run
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00257-00057216-00057447 some of the quantum algorithms we also
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00258-00057448-00057671 do quantum computation beyond the binary
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00259-00057672-00057854 system so in quantum computing we also
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00260-00057855-00058023 have ternary quaternary and
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00261-00058024-00058199 d-dimensional systems
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00262-00058200-00058399 and finally we also explore analog
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00263-00058400-00058599 quantum computation which is a different
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00264-00058600-00058775 paradigm inside of quantum computing
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00265-00058776-00058982 that is also interesting and has many
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00266-00058983-00059103 applications
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00267-00059104-00059271 and with that i would like to finish
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00268-00059272-00059542 with a provocative question which is are
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00269-00059544-00059766 you ready for this quantum revolution or
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00270-00059767-00059999 is your research ready for this quantum
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00271-00060000-00060294 revolution and if not maybe you can take
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00272-00060295-00060535 the opportunity of this quantum spin
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00273-00060536-00060759 project and the opportunity of having
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00274-00060760-00061006 access to this machine in our research
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00275-00061007-00061175 center in order to explore the
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00276-00061176-00061375 possibilities that this new way of
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00277-00061376-00061615 computing can offer to to your research
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00278-00061616-00061889 project so thank you very much
+-Ed4wH9VpG8-00279-00061890-00062286 [Applause]
+-E27blgntLk-00000-00000014-00000854 [Music]
+-E27blgntLk-00001-00000855-00001047 hello friends it's crispy with the
+-E27blgntLk-00002-00001048-00001215 saskatoon public library coming to you
+-E27blgntLk-00003-00001216-00001470 from treaty 6 territory i'm excited
+-E27blgntLk-00004-00001471-00001775 today for fix-it fridays because uh i
+-E27blgntLk-00005-00001776-00001926 don't know if you have at your house but
+-E27blgntLk-00006-00001927-00002110 at our house we have a lot of these sort
+-E27blgntLk-00007-00002111-00002247 of headphones
+-E27blgntLk-00008-00002248-00002479 and sometimes they
+-E27blgntLk-00009-00002480-00002663 get broken oh
+-E27blgntLk-00010-00002664-00002910 so for example look at this
+-E27blgntLk-00011-00002911-00003118 look at this headphone
+-E27blgntLk-00012-00003119-00003247 um
+-E27blgntLk-00013-00003247-00003470 so you can see the audio wire is still
+-E27blgntLk-00014-00003471-00003838 intact
+-E27blgntLk-00015-00003839-00004063 the audio wire is still intact but the
+-E27blgntLk-00016-00004064-00004359 plastic part is broken so here's one of
+-E27blgntLk-00017-00004360-00004535 the fixes that i've done in the past you
+-E27blgntLk-00018-00004536-00004663 can see this
+-E27blgntLk-00019-00004664-00004751 color
+-E27blgntLk-00020-00004752-00004902 so
+-E27blgntLk-00021-00004903-00005231 what i used previously this is
+-E27blgntLk-00022-00005232-00005422 a piece of yogurt container so i've cut
+-E27blgntLk-00023-00005423-00005622 some strips off yogurt containers this
+-E27blgntLk-00024-00005623-00005967 is my easy fix so what i did was i lined
+-E27blgntLk-00025-00005968-00006134 up my pieces
+-E27blgntLk-00026-00006135-00006383 then i used my yogurt container and some
+-E27blgntLk-00027-00006384-00006527 tape
+-E27blgntLk-00028-00006528-00006719 and here's the tape
+-E27blgntLk-00029-00006720-00007006 and i just wrapped it around there to
+-E27blgntLk-00030-00007008-00007083 make
+-E27blgntLk-00031-00007084-00007327 this the tape is peeling but this sort
+-E27blgntLk-00032-00007328-00007446 of
+-E27blgntLk-00033-00007447-00007734 oops it's a little bit flexible
+-E27blgntLk-00034-00007736-00007927 it's a little bit flexible but it's
+-E27blgntLk-00035-00007928-00008159 still oh
+-E27blgntLk-00036-00008159-00008431 but it's still
+-E27blgntLk-00037-00008432-00008631 working i don't know why that's possible
+-E27blgntLk-00038-00008632-00008959 okay but it's still um usable so here's
+-E27blgntLk-00039-00008960-00009342 my new method for fixing
+-E27blgntLk-00040-00009343-00009446 so
+-E27blgntLk-00041-00009447-00009591 on this one
+-E27blgntLk-00042-00009592-00009846 i've drilled some holes so the things
+-E27blgntLk-00043-00009847-00010055 i'm going to use today
+-E27blgntLk-00044-00010056-00010263 are some wire
+-E27blgntLk-00045-00010264-00010606 i'm going to use my drill
+-E27blgntLk-00046-00010607-00010895 i have some epoxy this is 15 minute
+-E27blgntLk-00047-00010896-00011183 epoxy but you could use five minute
+-E27blgntLk-00048-00011184-00011342 epoxy
+-E27blgntLk-00049-00011343-00011670 or whatever epoxy you have i like epoxy
+-E27blgntLk-00050-00011671-00012070 because it makes this thick layer
+-E27blgntLk-00051-00012071-00012231 and that makes it a little bit more
+-E27blgntLk-00052-00012232-00012455 secure look how
+-E27blgntLk-00053-00012456-00012695 it's like a regular headphone bit
+-E27blgntLk-00054-00012696-00013127 i'm also going to use some mica powder
+-E27blgntLk-00055-00013128-00013503 so this is some bronze gold mica powder
+-E27blgntLk-00056-00013504-00013622 um
+-E27blgntLk-00057-00013623-00013863 yeah those are all the things so the
+-E27blgntLk-00058-00013863-00014111 easy fix for this is just to take some
+-E27blgntLk-00059-00014112-00014383 tape and some plastic whatever you have
+-E27blgntLk-00060-00014384-00014607 in the recycling would work here's some
+-E27blgntLk-00061-00014608-00014911 plastic because you're going to try and
+-E27blgntLk-00062-00014912-00015175 reinforce that break so you're going to
+-E27blgntLk-00063-00015176-00015383 want to get this
+-E27blgntLk-00064-00015384-00015622 little join in there so it's secure and
+-E27blgntLk-00065-00015623-00015863 doesn't have much flex to it but what i
+-E27blgntLk-00066-00015863-00016119 found that works even better
+-E27blgntLk-00067-00016119-00016238 is
+-E27blgntLk-00068-00016240-00016503 a little bit of epoxy so
+-E27blgntLk-00069-00016504-00016871 now what i'm going to do
+-E27blgntLk-00070-00016872-00017030 so now what i'm going to do is i have
+-E27blgntLk-00071-00017031-00017279 the tiniest drill bit
+-E27blgntLk-00072-00017280-00017486 on my drill here now you don't have to
+-E27blgntLk-00073-00017487-00017630 drill if you don't want to if you don't
+-E27blgntLk-00074-00017631-00017743 have a drill
+-E27blgntLk-00075-00017744-00017983 you could always just do this by hand
+-E27blgntLk-00076-00017984-00018183 you can just actually use your drill bit
+-E27blgntLk-00077-00018184-00018575 by hand and drill it this is a 1
+-E27blgntLk-00078-00018576-00019039 60 11 64 inch bit it's my smallest bit
+-E27blgntLk-00079-00019040-00019263 in this little set
+-E27blgntLk-00080-00019264-00019422 the biggest thing that you're going to
+-E27blgntLk-00081-00019423-00019671 want to do when you're fixing this
+-E27blgntLk-00082-00019672-00020030 is the wire goes down through
+-E27blgntLk-00083-00020031-00020247 this plastic i don't want to drill
+-E27blgntLk-00084-00020248-00020439 through the wire because that will break
+-E27blgntLk-00085-00020440-00020599 the headphones so what i'm going to do
+-E27blgntLk-00086-00020600-00020807 is very carefully
+-E27blgntLk-00087-00020808-00021335 i'm going to drill
+-E27blgntLk-00088-00021336-00021527 just through the plastic bit
+-E27blgntLk-00089-00021528-00022471 and i'm going to drill three holes
+-E27blgntLk-00090-00022472-00022855 three holes down one side
+-E27blgntLk-00091-00022856-00023103 you can see that there
+-E27blgntLk-00092-00023104-00023367 and then
+-E27blgntLk-00093-00023368-00023591 so my wire is still it was way over to
+-E27blgntLk-00094-00023592-00023758 this side you can see my three holes and
+-E27blgntLk-00095-00023759-00023903 the wire was over here so now i'm going
+-E27blgntLk-00096-00023904-00024127 to move the wire to the other side and
+-E27blgntLk-00097-00024128-00024319 i'm going to drill one more hole away on
+-E27blgntLk-00098-00024320-00024991 this side
+-E27blgntLk-00099-00024992-00025286 again i do not want to drill through the
+-E27blgntLk-00100-00025287-00025455 wire because then my headphones would
+-E27blgntLk-00101-00025456-00025599 stop working
+-E27blgntLk-00102-00025600-00025806 on the other side i have a little
+-E27blgntLk-00103-00025807-00026022 plasticky bit and my wire is way down
+-E27blgntLk-00104-00026023-00026167 out of the way here
+-E27blgntLk-00105-00026168-00026295 so i'm going to do the same thing i'm
+-E27blgntLk-00106-00026295-00026631 going to drill
+-E27blgntLk-00107-00026632-00026870 close to the edge but not so close that
+-E27blgntLk-00108-00026872-00027158 i want it that it's going to crack
+-E27blgntLk-00109-00027160-00027487 because it's hard plastic
+-E27blgntLk-00110-00027488-00027687 it might crack so i don't want that to
+-E27blgntLk-00111-00027688-00028087 happen
+-E27blgntLk-00112-00028088-00028407 okay so there's four little holes
+-E27blgntLk-00113-00028408-00028702 in both sides i'm just gonna knock off
+-E27blgntLk-00114-00028704-00029039 any extra plastic okay do you see that
+-E27blgntLk-00115-00029039-00029183 all right next
+-E27blgntLk-00116-00029183-00029670 get ready here we're going to
+-E27blgntLk-00117-00029672-00029999 um i have some tapes which i may cover
+-E27blgntLk-00118-00030000-00030270 it with afterwards but i'm going to need
+-E27blgntLk-00119-00030272-00030511 a little tape to use
+-E27blgntLk-00120-00030512-00031039 because my epoxy takes 15 minutes to set
+-E27blgntLk-00121-00031039-00031318 so while it's setting i don't want it to
+-E27blgntLk-00122-00031319-00031487 move
+-E27blgntLk-00123-00031488-00031646 so i'm just gonna
+-E27blgntLk-00124-00031647-00031958 have a couple pieces of tape
+-E27blgntLk-00125-00031960-00032070 ready
+-E27blgntLk-00126-00032072-00032214 to use
+-E27blgntLk-00127-00032216-00032646 as extra hands to use as braces
+-E27blgntLk-00128-00032647-00032855 to keep it
+-E27blgntLk-00129-00032856-00032990 from shifting
+-E27blgntLk-00130-00032991-00033318 so i'm just sticking these to my table
+-E27blgntLk-00131-00033319-00033471 so they're ready
+-E27blgntLk-00132-00033472-00033695 to use
+-E27blgntLk-00133-00033696-00034262 now epoxy is a plastic so my epoxy here
+-E27blgntLk-00134-00034263-00034583 you have to mix equal parts
+-E27blgntLk-00135-00034584-00034702 hardener
+-E27blgntLk-00136-00034703-00034951 with
+-E27blgntLk-00137-00034952-00035127 uh
+-E27blgntLk-00138-00035128-00035271 hang on we're gonna mix that in just a
+-E27blgntLk-00139-00035272-00035495 second first i want to get my wire ready
+-E27blgntLk-00140-00035496-00035855 so i have a couple wire options
+-E27blgntLk-00141-00035856-00036062 so i have a galvanized steel wire and i
+-E27blgntLk-00142-00036063-00036246 have a little jewelry the stainless
+-E27blgntLk-00143-00036247-00036471 steel wire
+-E27blgntLk-00144-00036472-00036671 i just got these at the craft store they
+-E27blgntLk-00145-00036672-00036807 actually have them at the dollar store
+-E27blgntLk-00146-00036808-00037007 too
+-E27blgntLk-00147-00037008-00037118 so
+-E27blgntLk-00148-00037119-00037327 the trickiest part of using wire is
+-E27blgntLk-00149-00037328-00037639 finding the end of the wire
+-E27blgntLk-00150-00037640-00037883 finding the end of the
+-E27blgntLk-00151-00037884-00038271 wire oh dear which i can't do well today
+-E27blgntLk-00152-00038272-00038415 we're going to make a big mess of this
+-E27blgntLk-00153-00038416-00038567 wire
+-E27blgntLk-00154-00038568-00038735 i'm just going to steal this chunk from
+-E27blgntLk-00155-00038736-00038871 the middle
+-E27blgntLk-00156-00038872-00039039 oh
+-E27blgntLk-00157-00039040-00039199 nope okay
+-E27blgntLk-00158-00039200-00039283 just
+-E27blgntLk-00159-00039284-00039471 gonna
+-E27blgntLk-00160-00039472-00039590 cut
+-E27blgntLk-00161-00039591-00040039 off a piece of wire
+-E27blgntLk-00162-00040040-00040279 now i want my wire to be a little bit
+-E27blgntLk-00163-00040280-00040518 long because what i'm gonna do is thread
+-E27blgntLk-00164-00040519-00040895 it through
+-E27blgntLk-00165-00040896-00041239 all of the little holes that i drilled
+-E27blgntLk-00166-00041240-00041679 so
+-E27blgntLk-00167-00041680-00041935 here's my skinny wire
+-E27blgntLk-00168-00041936-00042158 straighten it all out
+-E27blgntLk-00169-00042159-00042455 nice long wire
+-E27blgntLk-00170-00042456-00042567 okay
+-E27blgntLk-00171-00042568-00042774 now i'm going to lace it through these
+-E27blgntLk-00172-00042775-00042974 holes look at this one that i've done
+-E27blgntLk-00173-00042975-00043087 already
+-E27blgntLk-00174-00043088-00043239 i'm going to lace it through the holes
+-E27blgntLk-00175-00043240-00043455 and then i'm going to wrap it across and
+-E27blgntLk-00176-00043456-00043783 add extra epoxy
+-E27blgntLk-00177-00043784-00044023 so first thing i'm going to do is mix up
+-E27blgntLk-00178-00044024-00044199 a little bit of epoxy because i do want
+-E27blgntLk-00179-00044200-00044462 it to stick together
+-E27blgntLk-00180-00044463-00044687 hello while crispy continues her repair
+-E27blgntLk-00181-00044688-00044918 on the headphones i'm going to show you
+-E27blgntLk-00182-00044919-00045071 a few different spots in the library
+-E27blgntLk-00183-00045072-00045215 that you can find
+-E27blgntLk-00184-00045216-00045390 uh resources that kind of match what
+-E27blgntLk-00185-00045391-00045535 she's working on
+-E27blgntLk-00186-00045536-00045790 so when i went to look into this i
+-E27blgntLk-00187-00045791-00046015 did some searches in our catalog online
+-E27blgntLk-00188-00046016-00046102 first
+-E27blgntLk-00189-00046103-00046279 and i found two books that we had here
+-E27blgntLk-00190-00046280-00046527 at carl king library that seemed pretty
+-E27blgntLk-00191-00046528-00046639 appropriate
+-E27blgntLk-00192-00046640-00046846 so i'm in the non-fiction section so you
+-E27blgntLk-00193-00046847-00046999 can see the sign up here
+-E27blgntLk-00194-00047000-00047199 and the first book i found
+-E27blgntLk-00195-00047200-00047462 said it was in the section
+-E27blgntLk-00196-00047463-00047935 643 so i'll have to go down this one
+-E27blgntLk-00197-00047936-00048143 and walk down until i find
+-E27blgntLk-00198-00048144-00048462 the numbers on the side that starts 643
+-E27blgntLk-00199-00048463-00048679 and i'm looking for a maintenance book
+-E27blgntLk-00200-00048680-00048879 so all the books around this book are
+-E27blgntLk-00201-00048880-00049039 going to be about diy maintenance and
+-E27blgntLk-00202-00049040-00050239 repair
+-E27blgntLk-00203-00050240-00050439 so here's the book i want to show you
+-E27blgntLk-00204-00050440-00050615 the library has lots of different books
+-E27blgntLk-00205-00050616-00050886 on everyday home repair and this one in
+-E27blgntLk-00206-00050887-00051015 particular is really nice it's called
+-E27blgntLk-00207-00051016-00051207 easy fixes so some quick little things
+-E27blgntLk-00208-00051208-00051399 you can do at home
+-E27blgntLk-00209-00051400-00051663 to repair everyday items so this is by
+-E27blgntLk-00210-00051664-00051830 reader's digest
+-E27blgntLk-00211-00051832-00051966 and the call number
+-E27blgntLk-00212-00051967-00052130 was
+-E27blgntLk-00213-00052132-00052414 643.602 unless i found it on the shelf
+-E27blgntLk-00214-00052415-00052654 so that's resource number one
+-E27blgntLk-00215-00052655-00052830 the second resource is in a different
+-E27blgntLk-00216-00052832-00053030 section it's in
+-E27blgntLk-00217-00053032-00053294 363 and all the books around it are
+-E27blgntLk-00218-00053295-00053494 about sustainable living
+-E27blgntLk-00219-00053495-00053750 and environmental protection
+-E27blgntLk-00220-00053751-00054103 so this book would be further down
+-E27blgntLk-00221-00054104-00054279 and i would keep walking until i found
+-E27blgntLk-00222-00054279-00054830 the find the section for three six three
+-E27blgntLk-00223-00054832-00055063 and i found this book over there and
+-E27blgntLk-00224-00055064-00055279 that one's how to give up plastic this
+-E27blgntLk-00225-00055279-00055550 is a good book to review um based on
+-E27blgntLk-00226-00055551-00055719 what crispy is doing because what crispy
+-E27blgntLk-00227-00055720-00055975 has shown us is that plastic is really
+-E27blgntLk-00228-00055976-00056175 hard to repair so crispy was very clever
+-E27blgntLk-00229-00056176-00056303 and found a few things she can do to
+-E27blgntLk-00230-00056304-00056550 extend the life of her headphones
+-E27blgntLk-00231-00056551-00056694 but usually plastic is one of the
+-E27blgntLk-00232-00056695-00056887 hardest things to fix and if you want to
+-E27blgntLk-00233-00056888-00057126 live more sustainably
+-E27blgntLk-00234-00057127-00057311 and do a lot mending projects it's
+-E27blgntLk-00235-00057312-00057447 usually easier to work with other
+-E27blgntLk-00236-00057448-00057687 materials so this gives you some quick
+-E27blgntLk-00237-00057688-00057847 sustainable living tips on how to give
+-E27blgntLk-00238-00057848-00058230 up plastic in your everyday life
+-E27blgntLk-00239-00058232-00058407 if you want to find any other resources
+-E27blgntLk-00240-00058408-00058550 that interest you or just browse those
+-E27blgntLk-00241-00058551-00058742 categories you can always check our
+-E27blgntLk-00242-00058744-00058894 catalog online
+-E27blgntLk-00243-00058895-00059254 back to crispy
+-E27blgntLk-00244-00059255-00059503 okay your epoxy is
+-E27blgntLk-00245-00059504-00059807 the glue and the hardener
+-E27blgntLk-00246-00059808-00060282 so i'm just going to mix up a tiny bit
+-E27blgntLk-00247-00060283-00060463 of
+-E27blgntLk-00248-00060464-00060687 a tiny bit of glue
+-E27blgntLk-00249-00060688-00060959 and you want the equal parts of the
+-E27blgntLk-00250-00060960-00061271 hardener you may also get this at the
+-E27blgntLk-00251-00061272-00061566 dollar store or wherever um
+-E27blgntLk-00252-00061567-00061759 in a tube that has two sides and you
+-E27blgntLk-00253-00061760-00061975 gotta push the sides equally
+-E27blgntLk-00254-00061976-00062126 the big thing
+-E27blgntLk-00255-00062127-00062791 to make sure is that your
+-E27blgntLk-00256-00062791-00062991 little globs of glue and hardener are
+-E27blgntLk-00257-00062991-00063223 the same size so maybe from where you
+-E27blgntLk-00258-00063224-00063359 are one is
+-E27blgntLk-00259-00063360-00063535 wider than the other it's because it's
+-E27blgntLk-00260-00063536-00063711 been sitting there for a minute so this
+-E27blgntLk-00261-00063712-00063894 side is actually taller they're actually
+-E27blgntLk-00262-00063895-00064023 the same amount
+-E27blgntLk-00263-00064024-00064199 so i'm going to mix these two together
+-E27blgntLk-00264-00064200-00064375 i'm just using an old pencil you could
+-E27blgntLk-00265-00064376-00064542 use a popsicle stick or whatever you
+-E27blgntLk-00266-00064544-00064654 have
+-E27blgntLk-00267-00064655-00064838 the big thing i like to do is scrape it
+-E27blgntLk-00268-00064839-00065047 off the table and squish it back down
+-E27blgntLk-00269-00065048-00065454 together
+-E27blgntLk-00270-00065455-00065935 okay so really i just need a tiny bit
+-E27blgntLk-00271-00065936-00066126 and i'm going to put that right on my
+-E27blgntLk-00272-00066127-00066255 edge
+-E27blgntLk-00273-00066256-00066559 where my headphones line up
+-E27blgntLk-00274-00066560-00066767 this is a bit of a sticky business so
+-E27blgntLk-00275-00066768-00067031 i'm going to line up my bits
+-E27blgntLk-00276-00067032-00067215 i need a little more
+-E27blgntLk-00277-00067216-00067638 a little more on that edge
+-E27blgntLk-00278-00067639-00067791 okay
+-E27blgntLk-00279-00067792-00068047 now i'm going to line up
+-E27blgntLk-00280-00068048-00068463 my two pieces
+-E27blgntLk-00281-00068464-00068671 and line up my two pieces and now i'm
+-E27blgntLk-00282-00068672-00068975 going to wire them together so very
+-E27blgntLk-00283-00068976-00069126 carefully
+-E27blgntLk-00284-00069127-00069255 this is why i like to have a little
+-E27blgntLk-00285-00069256-00069399 piece of tape sometimes you could tape
+-E27blgntLk-00286-00069400-00069487 it a bit
+-E27blgntLk-00287-00069488-00069750 but very carefully
+-E27blgntLk-00288-00069751-00070071 i'm going to put my wire
+-E27blgntLk-00289-00070072-00070199 into the hole and i'm just going to
+-E27blgntLk-00290-00070200-00070415 leave a little bit sticking out
+-E27blgntLk-00291-00070416-00070543 i'm going to hold on to that with my
+-E27blgntLk-00292-00070544-00070847 finger
+-E27blgntLk-00293-00070848-00071055 and then i'm going to
+-E27blgntLk-00294-00071056-00071423 lace this together like a pair of shoes
+-E27blgntLk-00295-00071424-00071879 so down through one hole
+-E27blgntLk-00296-00071880-00072199 pull it tight
+-E27blgntLk-00297-00072200-00072343 and
+-E27blgntLk-00298-00072344-00072543 stay lined up
+-E27blgntLk-00299-00072544-00072959 back up through the next hole
+-E27blgntLk-00300-00072960-00073094 i'd like to share with you a bit of
+-E27blgntLk-00301-00073095-00073599 history of headphones today
+-E27blgntLk-00302-00073600-00073862 so in the 1800s a fellow named ezra
+-E27blgntLk-00303-00073863-00074038 gilliland invented the telephone
+-E27blgntLk-00304-00074039-00074271 switchboard and in doing so found that
+-E27blgntLk-00305-00074272-00074447 there was a need for some type of
+-E27blgntLk-00306-00074448-00074743 headphones and so also invented the
+-E27blgntLk-00307-00074744-00074959 first set of headphones which weighed
+-E27blgntLk-00308-00074960-00075231 over 10 pounds they consisted of an
+-E27blgntLk-00309-00075232-00075447 earpiece connected to a telephone
+-E27blgntLk-00310-00075448-00075711 connected to another giant box on that
+-E27blgntLk-00311-00075712-00075855 would rest on their other shoulder with
+-E27blgntLk-00312-00075856-00076006 a microphone in it
+-E27blgntLk-00313-00076007-00076223 so that was the first one but then in
+-E27blgntLk-00314-00076224-00076567 1891 a french engineer named ernest
+-E27blgntLk-00315-00076568-00076823 mercadier developed the first set of
+-E27blgntLk-00316-00076824-00077126 in-ear earphones so similar to what we'd
+-E27blgntLk-00317-00077127-00077319 see today with the wires and the little
+-E27blgntLk-00318-00077320-00077519 earbuds that go into our ears and he was
+-E27blgntLk-00319-00077520-00077711 also the first one to suggest putting
+-E27blgntLk-00320-00077712-00077991 rubber on the earbuds to reduce the
+-E27blgntLk-00321-00077992-00078167 discomfort from friction when they're
+-E27blgntLk-00322-00078168-00078326 inside of your ears
+-E27blgntLk-00323-00078327-00078511 but it took about a hundred years for
+-E27blgntLk-00324-00078512-00078703 those to catch on
+-E27blgntLk-00325-00078704-00079038 then in 1910 engineer nathaniel baldwin
+-E27blgntLk-00326-00079039-00079255 created the first set of headphones that
+-E27blgntLk-00327-00079256-00079406 are similar to the ones that crispy is
+-E27blgntLk-00328-00079407-00079662 repairing today with the larger size ear
+-E27blgntLk-00329-00079663-00079919 pieces and the band over the top
+-E27blgntLk-00330-00079920-00080159 and nathaniel built these at his kitchen
+-E27blgntLk-00331-00080160-00080255 table
+-E27blgntLk-00332-00080256-00080471 investors were not at all interested in
+-E27blgntLk-00333-00080472-00080671 this invention
+-E27blgntLk-00334-00080672-00080871 so nathaniel took them to the navy and
+-E27blgntLk-00335-00080872-00081111 they were super interested in this
+-E27blgntLk-00336-00081112-00081262 mostly because they didn't require an
+-E27blgntLk-00337-00081263-00081511 outside power source and so they ordered
+-E27blgntLk-00338-00081512-00081775 100 pair right off the bat not realizing
+-E27blgntLk-00339-00081776-00081918 that nathaniel was creating and
+-E27blgntLk-00340-00081919-00084655 designing these at his kitchen table
+-E27blgntLk-00341-00084656-00086831 okay
+-E27blgntLk-00342-00086832-00087094 i'm going to take any remaining epoxy
+-E27blgntLk-00343-00087095-00087294 off the table
+-E27blgntLk-00344-00087295-00087726 and just put it into that joint
+-E27blgntLk-00345-00087727-00088167 you can see on the back the wire is
+-E27blgntLk-00346-00088168-00088350 the speaker wire is where the headphone
+-E27blgntLk-00347-00088351-00088711 wire is within my wiring job
+-E27blgntLk-00348-00088712-00088894 and i'm just going to let that cure for
+-E27blgntLk-00349-00088895-00089311 15 minutes
+-E27blgntLk-00350-00089312-00089431 and i'm making sure i'm not going to
+-E27blgntLk-00351-00089432-00089550 have it at a funny angle i'm going to
+-E27blgntLk-00352-00089551-00089838 make sure it's where i want it after
+-E27blgntLk-00353-00089839-00089918 that
+-E27blgntLk-00354-00089919-00090175 cures and it's more so solid i'm gonna
+-E27blgntLk-00355-00090176-00090367 come back with more wire
+-E27blgntLk-00356-00090368-00090575 to overlap it and i'm gonna add more
+-E27blgntLk-00357-00090576-00091199 glue too in just a minute
+-E27blgntLk-00358-00091200-00091279 okay
+-E27blgntLk-00359-00091280-00091535 so now that the epoxy is mostly dry you
+-E27blgntLk-00360-00091536-00091823 can see my stuff on the table oh
+-E27blgntLk-00361-00091824-00092159 that's very sticky so it's mostly dry so
+-E27blgntLk-00362-00092160-00092350 that'll be a little more solid for me to
+-E27blgntLk-00363-00092351-00092535 work with
+-E27blgntLk-00364-00092536-00092703 so now i'm going to cut a little bit
+-E27blgntLk-00365-00092704-00093159 more wire
+-E27blgntLk-00366-00093160-00093367 i just want to make sure because these
+-E27blgntLk-00367-00093368-00093599 because headphones get a lot of wear and
+-E27blgntLk-00368-00093600-00093855 tear
+-E27blgntLk-00369-00093856-00094047 my kids use these headphones so there's
+-E27blgntLk-00370-00094048-00094311 a lot of push and pull
+-E27blgntLk-00371-00094312-00094526 on the
+-E27blgntLk-00372-00094527-00094655 there'll be a lot of wear and tear on
+-E27blgntLk-00373-00094656-00094855 that repair so i just want to make sure
+-E27blgntLk-00374-00094856-00094950 by
+-E27blgntLk-00375-00094951-00095055 that it's got a little bit of
+-E27blgntLk-00376-00095056-00095199 flexibility so i'm just going to stick
+-E27blgntLk-00377-00095200-00095574 my wire and embed the end inside there
+-E27blgntLk-00378-00095575-00095806 and i'm going to go ahead
+-E27blgntLk-00379-00095807-00096271 and wrap this wire around
+-E27blgntLk-00380-00096272-00096479 that whole joint
+-E27blgntLk-00381-00096480-00096759 wrapping fairly tightly
+-E27blgntLk-00382-00096760-00096967 because i want to protect the joint as
+-E27blgntLk-00383-00096968-00097255 the kids are wearing it or bumping it
+-E27blgntLk-00384-00097256-00097359 that
+-E27blgntLk-00385-00097360-00097518 it's got a little
+-E27blgntLk-00386-00097519-00097815 bit of plasticity
+-E27blgntLk-00387-00097816-00098023 epoxy can be quite
+-E27blgntLk-00388-00098024-00098135 rigid
+-E27blgntLk-00389-00098136-00098431 so if this was just an epoxy joint with
+-E27blgntLk-00390-00098432-00098687 nothing to reinforce it it could
+-E27blgntLk-00391-00098688-00098911 potentially break
+-E27blgntLk-00392-00098912-00099031 again
+-E27blgntLk-00393-00099032-00099238 just the glue would snap so this way
+-E27blgntLk-00394-00099239-00099406 we're going to
+-E27blgntLk-00395-00099407-00099582 rely on the wires a little bit of
+-E27blgntLk-00396-00099583-00099735 flexibility
+-E27blgntLk-00397-00099736-00099959 i'm gonna go ahead and tuck the second
+-E27blgntLk-00398-00099960-00100774 part in
+-E27blgntLk-00399-00100775-00101118 wrap it around so that i don't have
+-E27blgntLk-00400-00101119-00101367 a pokey edge
+-E27blgntLk-00401-00101368-00102055 for my kids to poke themselves on
+-E27blgntLk-00402-00102056-00102191 pull that through
+-E27blgntLk-00403-00102192-00102471 and then i'm gonna snip off
+-E27blgntLk-00404-00102472-00102678 the extra
+-E27blgntLk-00405-00102679-00102863 now
+-E27blgntLk-00406-00102864-00103310 there's a japanese form of
+-E27blgntLk-00407-00103311-00103582 repair oh look i've got actual wires to
+-E27blgntLk-00408-00103583-00103815 keep
+-E27blgntLk-00409-00103816-00104102 um the japanese art form of repairing
+-E27blgntLk-00410-00104103-00104286 things visibly
+-E27blgntLk-00411-00104288-00104415 and now in
+-E27blgntLk-00412-00104416-00104727 america we just call it visible mending
+-E27blgntLk-00413-00104728-00104847 um
+-E27blgntLk-00414-00104848-00105039 because the repair itself should add to
+-E27blgntLk-00415-00105040-00105375 the beauty of the
+-E27blgntLk-00416-00105376-00105471 thing
+-E27blgntLk-00417-00105472-00105799 the intrinsic beauty of the stuff
+-E27blgntLk-00418-00105800-00105943 so
+-E27blgntLk-00419-00105944-00106095 we're gonna do a little bit of that now
+-E27blgntLk-00420-00106096-00106334 i'm just gonna make a little bit bigger
+-E27blgntLk-00421-00106335-00106919 puddle of glue
+-E27blgntLk-00422-00106920-00107207 okay and hardener
+-E27blgntLk-00423-00107208-00107431 i'm gonna mix those two together really
+-E27blgntLk-00424-00107432-00108166 well
+-E27blgntLk-00425-00108167-00108343 and then what i'm going to do is take
+-E27blgntLk-00426-00108344-00108478 that
+-E27blgntLk-00427-00108479-00108647 mica powder
+-E27blgntLk-00428-00108648-00109007 you could use glitter or
+-E27blgntLk-00429-00109008-00109183 um
+-E27blgntLk-00430-00109183-00109366 glitter or any color of mica if you
+-E27blgntLk-00431-00109367-00109502 wanted to
+-E27blgntLk-00432-00109503-00109671 do this i'm just going to add a little
+-E27blgntLk-00433-00109672-00110175 bit of that powder
+-E27blgntLk-00434-00110176-00110358 just a little bit what's that like an
+-E27blgntLk-00435-00110359-00110671 eighth of a teaspoon
+-E27blgntLk-00436-00110672-00110951 to the epoxy and then i can mix it right
+-E27blgntLk-00437-00110952-00111175 in and look it changes the color of the
+-E27blgntLk-00438-00111176-00111431 epoxy
+-E27blgntLk-00439-00111432-00111623 so here's a white piece of paper you can
+-E27blgntLk-00440-00111624-00111871 see
+-E27blgntLk-00441-00111872-00112023 so instead of being
+-E27blgntLk-00442-00112024-00112319 yellow tinted the epoxy is now gold
+-E27blgntLk-00443-00112320-00112558 tinted with that mica powder
+-E27blgntLk-00444-00112559-00112831 now the epoxy is also pretty runny so
+-E27blgntLk-00445-00112832-00113031 when i put this on the next layer it's
+-E27blgntLk-00446-00113032-00113175 going to run around a bit i'm going to
+-E27blgntLk-00447-00113176-00113390 babysit it what i mean by that is i'm
+-E27blgntLk-00448-00113391-00113583 just going to keep my eye on it and make
+-E27blgntLk-00449-00113583-00113783 sure that the
+-E27blgntLk-00450-00113783-00114078 glue stays on the wire so i'm going to
+-E27blgntLk-00451-00114079-00114334 go ahead and put it on the whole wire
+-E27blgntLk-00452-00114335-00114583 i'm going to put it in the holes that i
+-E27blgntLk-00453-00114583-00114831 drilled
+-E27blgntLk-00454-00114832-00115495 and i'm going to put it on the sides
+-E27blgntLk-00455-00115496-00115678 so this this one you need a little bit
+-E27blgntLk-00456-00115679-00115919 more epoxy when you're mixing it up
+-E27blgntLk-00457-00115920-00116086 and on the back
+-E27blgntLk-00458-00116088-00116502 oops
+-E27blgntLk-00459-00116503-00116734 see that part too so all my wire edges
+-E27blgntLk-00460-00116735-00116910 are going to be contained inside the
+-E27blgntLk-00461-00116911-00117047 epoxy so there's not going to be
+-E27blgntLk-00462-00117048-00117334 anything to poke anyone
+-E27blgntLk-00463-00117335-00117551 now my kids are not infants i wouldn't
+-E27blgntLk-00464-00117552-00117775 give this to
+-E27blgntLk-00465-00117776-00118015 my kids are all
+-E27blgntLk-00466-00118016-00118407 10 and up basically so
+-E27blgntLk-00467-00118408-00118686 this way all of that wire is covered in
+-E27blgntLk-00468-00118688-00119327 my nice gold epoxy
+-E27blgntLk-00469-00119328-00119478 again i'm gonna make sure when it's
+-E27blgntLk-00470-00119479-00119727 drying that it stays in the like look
+-E27blgntLk-00471-00119728-00119886 this one's a little bit
+-E27blgntLk-00472-00119888-00120151 that other fix is pretty good but it's
+-E27blgntLk-00473-00120152-00121199 not as solid as this new my new method
+-E27blgntLk-00474-00121200-00121358 and a nice
+-E27blgntLk-00475-00121359-00121639 headphone shape a nice circle
+-E27blgntLk-00476-00121640-00121871 so what i'm gonna do for the 15 minutes
+-E27blgntLk-00477-00121872-00122039 now maybe you have five minute epoxy and
+-E27blgntLk-00478-00122040-00122223 you don't have to babysit as long as i
+-E27blgntLk-00479-00122224-00122454 do but for the 15 minutes this is drying
+-E27blgntLk-00480-00122455-00122639 i'm just gonna keep coming
+-E27blgntLk-00481-00122640-00122839 because it is a liquid it's gonna run to
+-E27blgntLk-00482-00122840-00122999 the bottom so i'm gonna keep coming in
+-E27blgntLk-00483-00123000-00123175 and flipping it over and just touching
+-E27blgntLk-00484-00123176-00123327 it up
+-E27blgntLk-00485-00123328-00123502 to make sure it is
+-E27blgntLk-00486-00123503-00123710 solid so that's what i did on this one
+-E27blgntLk-00487-00123711-00123927 you can see a little bit of the gold but
+-E27blgntLk-00488-00123928-00124199 lots of this epoxy ran off so i'm gonna
+-E27blgntLk-00489-00124200-00124431 put another layer on there the other
+-E27blgntLk-00490-00124432-00124686 thing i could do is use my
+-E27blgntLk-00491-00124688-00124871 gaff tape if i'm worried about anyone
+-E27blgntLk-00492-00124872-00125086 poking themselves on this
+-E27blgntLk-00493-00125088-00125271 i could also just cover it with the gaff
+-E27blgntLk-00494-00125272-00125447 tape to make sure and then that will
+-E27blgntLk-00495-00125448-00125654 make the repair disappear
+-E27blgntLk-00496-00125655-00125878 you could also use some fancier tape
+-E27blgntLk-00497-00125879-00126086 like i did on the other one to make sure
+-E27blgntLk-00498-00126088-00126383 the repair is actually seen
+-E27blgntLk-00499-00126383-00126534 i'm going to cut a little bit bigger
+-E27blgntLk-00500-00126535-00126647 piece
+-E27blgntLk-00501-00126648-00127366 of tape
+-E27blgntLk-00502-00127367-00127527 this tape
+-E27blgntLk-00503-00127528-00127799 it's called gaffers tape it's uh light
+-E27blgntLk-00504-00127800-00128014 duct tape but it's cloth so it's got a
+-E27blgntLk-00505-00128015-00128343 lot of flexibility to it
+-E27blgntLk-00506-00128344-00128583 the way that we fix these they're still
+-E27blgntLk-00507-00128583-00128799 fairly adjustable
+-E27blgntLk-00508-00128800-00128983 which is good for the many sizes of
+-E27blgntLk-00509-00128983-00129183 heads in your household and again the
+-E27blgntLk-00510-00129183-00129431 big thing is to make sure you don't
+-E27blgntLk-00511-00129432-00129639 monkey with the wire because the wire is
+-E27blgntLk-00512-00129640-00130039 what makes them work right
+-E27blgntLk-00513-00130040-00130271 now i wouldn't do this repair on
+-E27blgntLk-00514-00130272-00130431 headphones
+-E27blgntLk-00515-00130432-00130558 that
+-E27blgntLk-00516-00130559-00130814 had any wire damage because they don't
+-E27blgntLk-00517-00130815-00131007 work so then why would you
+-E27blgntLk-00518-00131008-00131223 keep them
+-E27blgntLk-00519-00131224-00131390 or they would require some other
+-E27blgntLk-00520-00131391-00131543 electrical repair which we're not
+-E27blgntLk-00521-00131544-00131695 covering today
+-E27blgntLk-00522-00131696-00132135 so i'm just going to on this pair
+-E27blgntLk-00523-00132136-00132327 show you that you can actually make the
+-E27blgntLk-00524-00132328-00132654 repair more or less invisible
+-E27blgntLk-00525-00132655-00132807 the thing i don't like about putting
+-E27blgntLk-00526-00132808-00133039 tape on a headphone is
+-E27blgntLk-00527-00133040-00133359 um you'll probably eventually get some
+-E27blgntLk-00528-00133360-00133559 hair stuck in that tape and that's not
+-E27blgntLk-00529-00133560-00133671 comfortable
+-E27blgntLk-00530-00133672-00133887 so the epoxy is a really good method
+-E27blgntLk-00531-00133888-00134143 there so now on this one our repair has
+-E27blgntLk-00532-00134144-00134359 become basically invisible
+-E27blgntLk-00533-00134360-00134727 look now i can wear these
+-E27blgntLk-00534-00134728-00134831 um
+-E27blgntLk-00535-00134832-00135014 yeah because we have a bunch of these
+-E27blgntLk-00536-00135015-00135143 just the kids get a little bit
+-E27blgntLk-00537-00135144-00135343 rambunctious and putting it down and
+-E27blgntLk-00538-00135344-00135527 that plastic part snaps but the
+-E27blgntLk-00539-00135528-00135751 headphones perfectly workable it still
+-E27blgntLk-00540-00135752-00135983 recognizes sound it still recognizes
+-E27blgntLk-00541-00135984-00136151 microphone so
+-E27blgntLk-00542-00136152-00136295 this little repair is just going to make
+-E27blgntLk-00543-00136296-00136471 that plastic part
+-E27blgntLk-00544-00136472-00136631 just like new
+-E27blgntLk-00545-00136632-00136847 okay let's take a look on the one on the
+-E27blgntLk-00546-00136848-00137007 table so you can see at the top you
+-E27blgntLk-00547-00137008-00137143 don't even see any gold now because the
+-E27blgntLk-00548-00137144-00137311 gold has run down to the other side so
+-E27blgntLk-00549-00137312-00137478 i'm going to flip it over
+-E27blgntLk-00550-00137479-00137639 so i only have to do this for about 15
+-E27blgntLk-00551-00137640-00137743 minutes
+-E27blgntLk-00552-00137744-00138078 until that glue is solid enough
+-E27blgntLk-00553-00138079-00138343 now it does say that the glue is set in
+-E27blgntLk-00554-00138344-00138511 15 minutes mine
+-E27blgntLk-00555-00138512-00138695 says right on the front there
+-E27blgntLk-00556-00138696-00138927 15-minute cure but i find it still a
+-E27blgntLk-00557-00138928-00139143 little bit tacky after 15 minutes it
+-E27blgntLk-00558-00139144-00139302 will probably still take another three
+-E27blgntLk-00559-00139303-00139478 or four hours so i probably plan on
+-E27blgntLk-00560-00139479-00139687 using these the next
+-E27blgntLk-00561-00139688-00139871 day
+-E27blgntLk-00562-00139872-00140083 and that's it that's how i repaired my
+-E27blgntLk-00563-00140084-00140311 headphones so now these are workable
+-E27blgntLk-00564-00140312-00140478 again and they don't have to go to a
+-E27blgntLk-00565-00140479-00140847 landfill they can be reused
+-E27blgntLk-00566-00140848-00141071 so it's a little bit lumpy but it works
+-E27blgntLk-00567-00141072-00141278 just fine so
+-E27blgntLk-00568-00141279-00141471 good luck with your repair thank you so
+-E27blgntLk-00569-00141472-00141735 much for tuning in to our fix it friday
+-E27blgntLk-00570-00141736-00141999 and i hope your headphones are just as
+-E27blgntLk-00571-00142000-00142231 good as new if not cooler maybe you will
+-E27blgntLk-00572-00142232-00142383 go with the rainbow tape i like the
+-E27blgntLk-00573-00142384-00142599 rainbow tape
+-E27blgntLk-00574-00142600-00142790 and we hope to see you next time on fix
+-E27blgntLk-00575-00142791-00142919 it friday it's been crispy at the
+-E27blgntLk-00576-00142920-00143071 saskatoon public library have a
+-E27blgntLk-00577-00143072-00143199 fantastic day
+-E27blgntLk-00578-00143200-00143378 bye bye friends
+-E27blgntLk-00579-00143379-00143924 [Music]
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00000-00000000-00000140 feelings of the National Academy of
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00001-00000141-00000316 Sciences has published one of the most
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00002-00000317-00000574 important papers in science is about why
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00003-00000575-00000811 we are smug as children is reply to
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00004-00000813-00001007 another paper he published earlier this
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00005-00001008-00001235 paper examined one of the most important
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00006-00001236-00001436 but rarely discussed biological facts
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00007-00001437-00001625 about us as a species that as children
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00008-00001626-00001847 Arthur what we eat gets burned in our
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00009-00001848-00002096 brains but that paper gave the wrong
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00010-00002097-00002345 explanation why that results in children
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00011-00002346-00002560 being slow growers I have a different
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00012-00002561-00002825 reason and this opens a new window upon
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00013-00002826-00003095 what might make us unique a blind spot
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00014-00003096-00003356 exists in Psalms the metabolic activity
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00015-00003357-00003586 of young brains can only I presently
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00016-00003588-00003803 started with radioactive tracers as a
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00017-00003804-00004019 result how much energy the young brain
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00018-00004020-00004217 uses has only been researched on those
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00019-00004218-00004394 very few occasions in which the use of
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00020-00004395-00004654 radioactive tracers can be justified by
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00021-00004655-00004925 medical need those few opportunities
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00022-00004926-00005108 reveal the childhood brain to be a
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00023-00005109-00005279 radically different place to that in the
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00024-00005280-00005609 infant or adult the cerebral cortex by
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00025-00005610-00005801 the age of four bones over twice the
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00026-00005802-00006022 energy of that in an adult or infant
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00027-00006023-00006238 that is due to a doubling compared to
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00028-00006239-00006460 that in an infant or adult in its number
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00029-00006461-00006656 of synapses these are the connections
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00030-00006656-00006898 between neurons and they are responsible
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00031-00006900-00007076 for most of the brains energy
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00032-00007077-00007342 consumption that doubling exists to
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00033-00007343-00007463 enable the refinement of the whole
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00034-00007464-00007660 circuits and the networks between across
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00035-00007661-00007942 the brain the initial excess allows the
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00036-00007943-00008195 pruning down of these links this leaves
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00037-00008196-00008381 the brain as an adult with the most
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00038-00008382-00008614 effectively linked circuitry and network
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00039-00008615-00008933 connectivity that creates a big energy
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00040-00008934-00009155 problem a volume of gray matter of a
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00041-00009156-00009455 child is the same as an adult but that
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00042-00009456-00009689 adult sized brain inhabits a small body
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00043-00009690-00009964 and that results in it taking a massive
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00044-00009965-00010228 harsh air of every bit of energy the
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00045-00010229-00010544 child needs human children amongst all
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00046-00010545-00010862 mammals I nikli slow growers for many
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00047-00010863-00011092 years after a brief infant body weight
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00048-00011093-00011306 burnt which mainly adds body fat the
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00049-00011307-00011552 young human puts on weight at the slow
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00050-00011553-00011777 rate of cold-blooded reptiles not a
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00051-00011778-00012067 faster one or warm-blooded mammals it
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00052-00012068-00012308 needs a catch-up span and puberty to
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00053-00012309-00012453 make up for that period of slow growth
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00054-00012454-00012701 what is the link between the slow growth
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00055-00012702-00012974 and the young brains energy guzzling the
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00056-00012975-00013144 authors of the earlier paper shows it
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00057-00013145-00013369 exists but do they have the right answer
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00058-00013371-00013571 they suggest children allocate extra
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00059-00013572-00013757 energy to the brain by saving on energy
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00060-00013758-00014015 spent on tissue growth but body growth
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00061-00014016-00014266 does not cost much and if saving energy
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00062-00014268-00014444 was important then children would cut
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00063-00014444-00014600 down on engaging on all types of
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00064-00014601-00014834 exercise but in fact they engaging more
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00065-00014835-00015019 on low and moderate physical exertion
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00066-00015021-00015275 than adults or adolescents is only an
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00067-00015276-00015461 intense exception where children spend
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00068-00015462-00015680 less energy there is another reason
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00069-00015681-00016022 exercise hyperkalemia a skeletal muscle
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00070-00016022-00016175 in your body when exerted for long
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00071-00016176-00016355 periods can compete with the brain for
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00072-00016356-00016513 the glucose in your blood that
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00073-00016514-00016859 competition can impair the brain however
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00074-00016860-00017054 competition only exists for sustained
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00075-00017055-00017357 intense exertion when you first exercise
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00076-00017358-00017555 muscle draws upon the glycogen stored
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00077-00017556-00017813 within itself then it starts on energy
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00078-00017814-00018005 sources other than glucose count in the
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00079-00018006-00018173 blood which the brain does not use such
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00080-00018174-00018428 as fatty acids and it also starts using
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00081-00018429-00018593 blue soaps but not necessarily with
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00082-00018594-00018773 problems since the liver wraps up his
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00083-00018774-00018973 generation of glucose to match his needs
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00084-00018974-00019238 however this can failed compensative
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00085-00019239-00019520 exertion is sustained for long exercise
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00086-00019521-00019730 hyperkalemia could damage a child's
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00087-00019731-00019964 brain not only does it use more glucose
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00088-00019965-00020117 than the handled but compared to the
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00089-00020118-00020312 adult one it is much more sensitive to
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00090-00020313-00020633 slight drops in plasma glucose but the
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00091-00020634-00020816 child's brain is not at risk children
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00092-00020817-00021038 never engage in the sustained exertion
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00093-00021039-00021158 that might cause their muscles to
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00094-00021159-00021377 compete for glucose in children
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00095-00021378-00021557 ninety-five percent of intense activity
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00096-00021558-00021875 last less than 15 seconds and the
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00097-00021876-00022073 metabolism of their muscles compared to
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00098-00022074-00022292 adults is shifted to using fatty acids
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00099-00022293-00022487 which the brain dissolve use and they
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00100-00022488-00022742 lack skeletal muscle not only do they
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00101-00022743-00022886 have smaller bodies but the percentage
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00102-00022887-00023081 of muscle in it is smaller than that in
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00103-00023082-00023459 adults this is why we grow so slowly the
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00104-00023460-00023660 extra energy saved helps but the key
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00105-00023661-00023885 factor is stopping metabolic competition
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00106-00023886-00024191 between brawn and brain this science
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00107-00024192-00024395 provides a window into what makes us
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00108-00024396-00024683 unique Leander hulls are known to have
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00109-00024684-00024944 grown up faster than modern humans by
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00110-00024945-00025073 understanding the link between slow
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00111-00025074-00025220 growth that can be seen in the fossil
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00112-00025221-00025433 record and brain neural maturation that
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00113-00025434-00025639 cannot we can infer that while me and
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00114-00025641-00025811 her house had brains as big as modern
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00115-00025812-00025967 people their brains had a shorter period
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00116-00025968-00026201 on your maturation and so had neural
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00117-00026202-00026369 connections that had undergone less
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00118-00026370-00026664 refinement since research on
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00119-00026666-00026827 connectivity of brain thinks the
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00120-00026827-00026995 efficiency of its linkage with cognitive
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00121-00026995-00027202 abilities this suggests that in spite of
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00122-00027202-00027433 having similar sized brains the idle
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00123-00027433-00027622 house had grains that go less able than
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00124-00027623-00027945 modern people another piece of evidence
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00125-00027947-00028177 supports this our brains are global in
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00126-00028177-00028375 shape bunny dander house had ones rather
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00127-00028376-00028573 than elongated this difference arises
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00128-00028574-00028816 just the time when children enter their
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00129-00028817-00029020 high-energy expensive newer maturation
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00130-00029020-00029266 why look at the points on the edge of a
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00131-00029267-00029410 globe they have the minimum distance
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00132-00029411-00029583 between each other four points on the
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00133-00029585-00029845 surface of a 3d shape a key factor in
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00134-00029845-00030052 making networks efficient is minimizing
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00135-00030052-00030310 delays due to connection distance global
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00136-00030311-00030463 shape of your brain ensure such as
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00137-00030464-00030627 arranged so it's areas can be connected
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00138-00030629-00030852 with the minimal delays that knee hind a
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00139-00030854-00031030 house would not suggest the connection
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00140-00031031-00031231 refinement was not so important as it is
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00141-00031232-00031377 from us for their brain Bureau
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00142-00031379-00031645 maturation so we are not like the
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00143-00031645-00031864 underhouse our same size brains differ
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00144-00031864-00032086 in how well the networks of connections
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00145-00032087-00032275 within them are optimized for efficient
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00146-00032276-00032497 information processing and with this
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00147-00032498-00032644 lots of research both theoretical
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00148-00032645-00032821 empirical suggests a capacity for
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00149-00032822-00033662 complex cognition
+-ELNBSJCKtu-00150-00033663-00033869 you
+-F_YzB50JyI-00000-00000000-00000473 Oh
+-F_YzB50JyI-00001-00000474-00000751 you
+-F_YzB50JyI-00002-00000752-00001979 you
+-F_YzB50JyI-00003-00001980-00002439 you
+-F_YzB50JyI-00004-00002440-00003172 you
+-F_YzB50JyI-00005-00003173-00003831 you
+-F_YzB50JyI-00006-00003832-00004570 you
+-F_YzB50JyI-00007-00004571-00004891 you
+-F_YzB50JyI-00008-00004892-00005916 you
+-F_YzB50JyI-00009-00005917-00006967 [Music]
+-F_YzB50JyI-00010-00006968-00007670 I feel taken when you step into my body
+-F_YzB50JyI-00011-00007672-00008316 in my mind
+-F_YzB50JyI-00012-00008317-00008506 and plan
+-F_YzB50JyI-00013-00008507-00010634 to you
+-F_YzB50JyI-00014-00010635-00011413 we are nice
+-F_YzB50JyI-00016-00023312-00024969 I
+-F_YzB50JyI-00017-00024970-00025315 we
+-F_YzB50JyI-00019-00036384-00037191 [Music]
+-F_YzB50JyI-00020-00037192-00038271 [Music]
+-F_YzB50JyI-00021-00038272-00039594 [Music]
+-I7Tslmju_Q-00000-00000000-00001190 [Music]
+-I7Tslmju_Q-00001-00001191-00001527 mixology purchase your checks today
+-I7Tslmju_Q-00002-00001528-00001900 purchase today
+-I7Tslmju_Q-00003-00001901-00002452 [Music]
+-I7Tslmju_Q-00004-00002453-00003943 [Music]
+-I7Tslmju_Q-00005-00003944-00004279 the mythology purchase your tracks today
+-I7Tslmju_Q-00006-00004280-00004529 purchase your tracks today purchase
+-I7Tslmju_Q-00007-00004530-00005357 today
+-I7Tslmju_Q-00008-00005358-00006655 [Music]
+-I7Tslmju_Q-00009-00006656-00007013 which Scylla G purchase your tracks
+-I7Tslmju_Q-00010-00007014-00007210 today purchase your tracks today
+-I7Tslmju_Q-00011-00007211-00007408 purchase your tracks today
+-I7Tslmju_Q-00012-00007409-00009708 [Music]
+-I7Tslmju_Q-00013-00009709-00010042 today just walks today
+-I7Tslmju_Q-00014-00010043-00012232 [Music]
+-I7Tslmju_Q-00015-00012233-00012572 mixology purchase or textured and
+-I7Tslmju_Q-00016-00012573-00012943 purchase your tracks today
+-I7Tslmju_Q-00017-00012944-00013636 [Music]
+-I7Tslmju_Q-00018-00013637-00014937 [Music]
+-I7Tslmju_Q-00019-00014938-00015327 which solution
+-I7Tslmju_Q-00020-00015328-00015534 you
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00000-00000006-00000367 today is Thursday May 17th 2018 and my
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00001-00000368-00000599 name is Scott Henshaw I am at the home
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00002-00000600-00000862 of University Archivist America Betty
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00003-00000863-00001033 Carter to conduct an oral history
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00004-00001034-00001256 interview for the UNCG institutional
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00005-00001257-00001457 memory collection good morning good
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00006-00001458-00001679 morning I'd like to start the interview
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00007-00001680-00001904 by asking you about your background can
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00008-00001905-00002026 you tell me when and where you were born
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00009-00002027-00002264 yes I was born in Mooresville North
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00010-00002265-00002608 Carolina August 5th 1941
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00011-00002609-00002926 Mooresville today is known as being the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00012-00002927-00003187 home of Lake Norman but when I was there
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00013-00003188-00003413 it's just the country little country
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00014-00003414-00003743 town mm-hmm okay and can you him about
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00015-00003744-00004019 your family in Homeline uh I have one
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00016-00004020-00004717 brother my parents were married in 1931
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00017-00004718-00005069 that the first at first they lived in
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00018-00005070-00005431 northern McLean Bergomi right after they
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00019-00005432-00005825 married they lived on a form I don't
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00020-00005826-00006231 know whether they were tenant farmers
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00021-00006232-00006748 just a farmhand or how that work that
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00022-00006750-00007037 sharecropping I don't know but they did
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00023-00007038-00007337 that for like two or three years
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00024-00007338-00007580 eventually moved to Rowan County about
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00025-00007581-00007885 1938 and my dad went to work for Kenan
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00026-00007886-00008276 Mills Kenan Mills is a huge textile
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00027-00008277-00008519 factory yeah that he was part of the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00028-00008520-00008714 that group of people who moved from the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00029-00008715-00009134 farms to the towns in the 30s 20 30 s
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00030-00009135-00009419 and 40s he get I mean they realized they
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00031-00009420-00009635 could not make any money or a living
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00032-00009636-00009881 growing cotton right so they moved in
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00033-00009882-00010091 even though it was low wages at least it
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00034-00010092-00010394 was sure wages and so my dad worked in
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00035-00010395-00011033 the slasher room hot hard work labor and
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00036-00011034-00011309 he worked there until I retired of in
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00037-00011310-00011573 the early 70s my mother was a
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00038-00011574-00011860 stay-at-home mom they had a huge garden
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00039-00011861-00012331 and my dad even grew cotton on his farm
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00040-00012332-00012584 we had he had about 15 acres and when I
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00041-00012585-00012843 sell all most of that property well
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00042-00012844-00013101 I couldn't let that was his I can't let
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00043-00013102-00013329 it yeah I worked hard for that yeah so
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00044-00013330-00013594 that that it was out in the country
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00045-00013596-00013806 since you mentioned Herrmann I'll have
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00046-00013807-00014130 to tell your stories okay I'm sure it
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00047-00014131-00014559 took me a long long time to admit that
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00048-00014560-00014913 we were poor at my country I mean we had
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00049-00014913-00015138 as much as everyone else but compared to
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00050-00015138-00015456 today's standards we were poor so I told
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00051-00015457-00015713 member that one time just within the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00052-00015715-00015906 lice maybe ten years is Oh mm-hmm
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00053-00015907-00016179 and he said Betty he said did you always
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00054-00016180-00016293 have a house to live in
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00055-00016294-00016584 I said yeah did you always have a place
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00056-00016585-00016848 to sleep at night I said yes mm-hmm
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00057-00016849-00017271 did you have food eat yes he said you
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00058-00017272-00017550 work poor yeah it's all in the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00059-00017551-00018195 perspectives you know so but that it was
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00060-00018196-00018573 a I guess we didn't have a lot of money
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00061-00018574-00018780 but everything went well out in the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00062-00018781-00018975 country you didn't really want for
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00063-00018976-00019017 anything
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00064-00019018-00019551 no yeah yeah what high school did you
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00065-00019552-00019923 attend leyendas High School Landis is a
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00066-00019924-00020163 little town about five miles from my
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00067-00020164-00020565 home and the whole I went there grades 1
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00068-00020566-00020736 through 12 okay yeah
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00069-00020737-00020988 Landis eventually consolidated with
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00070-00020989-00021222 China Grove High School in his sound
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00071-00021223-00021734 called South for an my mother always
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00072-00021735-00022008 well first of all needed my parents
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00073-00022009-00022266 graduate from high school
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00074-00022267-00022544 mama truly went to a one-room
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00075-00022545-00022788 schoolhouse uphill both ways walking is
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00076-00022789-00023004 you know and I can remember my dad
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00077-00023005-00023283 telling me that this they went he went
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00078-00023284-00023442 to various schools and he said that uh
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00079-00023443-00023703 in the spring they always had to leave
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00080-00023704-00023889 school early because they had to get out
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00081-00023890-00024168 and plant the car in fall they always
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00082-00024169-00024303 went to school late because they
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00083-00024304-00024435 couldn't go just going to all the cotton
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00084-00024436-00024750 was picked but uh mama kept telling me
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00085-00024751-00025044 how fortunate I was to be able to ride a
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00086-00025045-00025365 bus to school and she kept saying you
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00087-00025366-00025551 must graduate from high school I know
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00088-00025552-00025743 today high school is I mean everybody
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00089-00025744-00025872 graduates from high school
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00090-00025873-00026149 that wasn't true in those days right but
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00091-00026150-00026262 she said you graduate from high school
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00092-00026263-00026470 and then get something else after high
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00093-00026470-00026680 school she never did say what that
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00094-00026681-00026883 something else was but she she did not
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00095-00026884-00027105 want me working on my brother working in
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00096-00027106-00027499 the mill you did you have any favorite
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00097-00027500-00027667 subjects you know I've thought about
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00098-00027668-00027968 that I'm not sure I did I was not a
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00099-00027969-00028285 science math person mm-hmm I was more
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00100-00028286-00028674 history English time and also I start
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00101-00028675-00028837 taking piano lessons when I was in the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00102-00028838-00029139 second grade and music was always part
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00103-00029140-00029548 of my life very early I played for the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00104-00029549-00029701 glee club but you know that sort of
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00105-00029702-00030221 thing yeah but no I I'm not sure I had a
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00106-00030222-00030610 favorite talk subject I enjoyed it all
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00107-00030611-00031008 in all honesty yeah that's good so you
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00108-00031009-00031162 said your mother didn't said you had to
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00109-00031163-00031360 go to cop to high school and graduate
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00110-00031361-00031662 and then something else that's what was
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00111-00031663-00031887 the something else did your knowledge or
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00112-00031888-00032182 oh I have a very checkered life after
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00113-00032183-00032233 high school
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00114-00032233-00032599 okay let me just say first Bobby my
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00115-00032600-00032796 husband and I were married right after
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00116-00032797-00033148 high school okay and that shocking my
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00117-00033149-00033321 son still can't get over that that we
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00118-00033322-00033487 married so young it was stupid but it
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00119-00033488-00034071 worked so you know and so in a
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00120-00034072-00034282 graduating high school in 59 remember
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00121-00034283-00034612 this this is the day this is the time
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00122-00034613-00034810 when the community college system in
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00123-00034811-00035037 North Carolina had just been started so
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00124-00035038-00035224 you had a lot of little independent
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00125-00035225-00035557 business colleges and that's where my
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00126-00035558-00035727 mother thought I should work in an
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00127-00035728-00036226 office and so which was not unusual no
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00128-00036227-00036489 it was nice clean easier work than
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00129-00036490-00036676 working in the mill that's the whole
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00130-00036677-00036730 point
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00131-00036731-00037158 and so Bobby and I went to Kings College
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00132-00037159-00037336 in Charlotte it was a business college
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00133-00037337-00037683 mm-hmm we immediately from high school
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00134-00037684-00037951 what did their stayed there for 18
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00135-00037952-00038167 months
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00136-00038168-00038607 Bobby took accounting I took secretary
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00137-00038608-00038805 type stuff I can type 100 words a minute
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00138-00038806-00039045 and I could do shorthand hundred 30
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00139-00039046-00039282 words a minute so that's what I learned
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00140-00039283-00039620 to do and with accounting - I'm not sure
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00141-00039621-00039795 you want me go on about Shawn just
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00142-00039796-00040005 continue my trek through college yeah I
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00143-00040006-00040254 think that's a good thing okay what
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00144-00040255-00040595 happened as I guess it's sort of like it
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00145-00040596-00041004 is today the the four-year colleges
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00146-00041005-00041312 would not accept any you could not get a
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00147-00041313-00041624 degree from from the business colleges
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00148-00041625-00041799 you had to go to a four-year college and
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00149-00041800-00041955 a lot of four-year colleges will not
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00150-00041956-00042132 accept the subjects that you headed the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00151-00042133-00042357 Business College so like today you know
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00152-00042358-00042570 they get it from the Community College
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00153-00042571-00042795 subjects except in four-year college I
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00154-00042796-00042989 think it's easier now than it used to be
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00155-00042990-00043260 but anyway Bobby decided he wanted a
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00156-00043261-00043586 degree the only place around that would
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00157-00043587-00043862 accept the courses that he had taken at
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00158-00043863-00044099 Kings was a school in Bowling Green
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00159-00044100-00044396 Kentucky it is now connected to Western
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00160-00044397-00044732 Kentucky University but anyway so we
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00161-00044733-00045114 moved through Kentucky I worked as a
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00162-00045115-00045449 secretary and while Bobby went to school
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00163-00045450-00045740 and supported us with we lived in an
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00164-00045741-00046245 apartment and so I had completed the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00165-00046246-00046613 work at Kings and so Bobby got his
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00166-00046614-00046857 degree in Kentucky and so I decided I
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00167-00046858-00047067 wanted to go to college to a real
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00168-00047068-00047505 college so Bobby was hired by the IRS
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00169-00047506-00047612 and we moved to Raleigh
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00170-00047613-00048030 and I went to Meredith mm-hmm so again
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00171-00048031-00048230 here you run up against what I mean you
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00172-00048231-00048458 go major in well they weren't accepting
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00173-00048459-00048608 in my business courses and so I didn't
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00174-00048609-00048855 want to retake them and so did the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00175-00048856-00049092 debate was between history and English
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00176-00049093-00049271 and so I could do away with English and
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00177-00049272-00049511 so I majored in history but on the side
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00178-00049512-00049868 too I was really thinking about piano
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00179-00049869-00050318 organ particularly but the well balanced
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00180-00050319-00050661 it toward history was the IRS had a
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00181-00050662-00050969 tendency to move people around and so
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00182-00050970-00051099 from town to town I feel you would be
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00183-00051100-00051254 easier for me to get a job teaching
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00184-00051255-00051407 history thing would be to find
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00185-00051408-00051773 Church that needed organist so major was
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00186-00051774-00052046 history at Meredith and then after
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00187-00052047-00052256 Meredith I wanted you and got a master's
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00188-00052257-00052967 in history okay so when did you start to
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00189-00052968-00053136 think about becoming an archivist or did
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00190-00053137-00053417 you never heard of being an art yeah I
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00191-00053418-00053879 mean I'm sorry Scott no it was you know
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00192-00053880-00054179 I went to do graduate from Meredith in
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00193-00054180-00054626 66 and watch a Duke follow 66 and so
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00194-00054627-00054885 completing all the coursework by 67 I
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00195-00054886-00055118 did not had not done my own thesis and
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00196-00055119-00055457 at that time so the summer of 67 somehow
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00197-00055458-00055754 and I have tried my best note think
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00198-00055755-00055913 about this I don't know how I heard
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00199-00055914-00056136 about the job within State Archives not
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00200-00056137-00056255 NC State the state of North Carolina
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00201-00056256-00056571 archives but somehow I heard they were
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00202-00056572-00057048 the two jobs there and why maybe they
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00203-00057049-00057246 advertised in the paper I don't know but
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00204-00057247-00057546 anyway I applied for a job at the State
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00205-00057547-00057873 Archives and got it and that's so I
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00206-00057874-00058013 really started thinking about being an
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00207-00058014-00058423 archivist in the 1967 I need a job yeah
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00208-00058424-00058653 yeah that that still happens today I
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00209-00058654-00058937 think and I fell in love with it I still
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00210-00058938-00059129 remember the first collection of process
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00211-00059130-00059404 I they have a huge a private collection
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00212-00059405-00059630 manuscript collection there in addition
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00213-00059631-00059861 to state records since county records
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00214-00059862-00060080 and so I was in the private manuscript
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00215-00060081-00060303 area loved it Patterson family papers
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00216-00060304-00060666 still remember yeah and how long are you
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00217-00060666-00060875 at the State Archives I was there from
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00218-00060876-00061473 67 to 71 okay and then what happened
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00219-00061474-00061517 after that
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00220-00061518-00061748 in 71 Bobby was transferred to
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00221-00061749-00061994 Greensboro with her high RS so not too
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00222-00061995-00062042 far
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00223-00062043-00062279 well no not too far bro and I had it was
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00224-00062280-00062606 very a long ways from the State Archives
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00225-00062607-00063096 you know you know so I had already tried
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00226-00063097-00063329 to I had visited bill more than knowing
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00227-00063330-00063493 that the Greensboro Historical Museum
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00228-00063494-00063836 and fortunately dr. Thompson who was
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00229-00063837-00064136 director of Jackson did she do remember
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00230-00064137-00064268 him I can't remember when he was gone
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00231-00064269-00064430 before oh okay
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00232-00064431-00064571 even started I think as
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00233-00064572-00064811 graduates okay so dr. Jackson was
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00234-00064812-00065032 thought your Jackson dr. Jackson was
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00235-00065033-00065337 going to yeah dr. Thompson was there and
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00236-00065338-00065705 so dr. Thompson you my supervisor in
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00237-00065706-00065765 Raleigh
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00238-00065766-00066112 so dr. mr. Coker and Raleigh referred me
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00239-00066113-00066367 to dr. Jackson I'm still saying that
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00240-00066368-00066993 wrong dr. Thompson so I had visited UNCG
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00241-00066994-00067304 dr. talked to dr. Thompson talked to ME
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00242-00067305-00067549 ME Mills did you though in it I can't
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00243-00067550-00067766 remember there during the time that I
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00244-00067767-00067928 was an undergraduate but I don't know at
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00245-00067929-00068099 that time yeah so I that's when I first
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00246-00068100-00068587 met them and in in 1971 they what they
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00247-00068588-00068851 knew they needed an archivist and they
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00248-00068852-00069013 knew that I had the qualifications to do
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00249-00069014-00069299 the job but budget didn't have anything
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00250-00069300-00069667 so I said I would keep in touch with a
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00251-00069668-00069911 minute then I went with two DRS and got
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00252-00069912-00070174 a general job with the IRS and the fall
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00253-00070175-00070981 of 71 and so finally in the late 1973 it
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00254-00070982-00071188 I mean I kept in touch I don't think I
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00255-00071189-00071404 ever talked to dr. Thompson again but
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00256-00071405-00071767 Amy and I kept in touch for of 73 there
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00257-00071768-00072001 was money was going to be in the next
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00258-00072002-00072355 year's budget they were gonna have money
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00259-00072356-00072568 for archivist position except it was
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00260-00072569-00072842 gonna be called library assistant hmm
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00261-00072843-00072911 all right
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00262-00072912-00073310 and so I took a pay cut from diary has
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00263-00073311-00073685 to go back to UNCG or go to UNCG doesn't
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00264-00073686-00073861 think that through its or how to kill
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00265-00073862-00074068 drought was seven months pregnant with
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00266-00074069-00074299 Christopher February 1st when I started
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00267-00074300-00075418 there right but I got there so what were
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00268-00075419-00075613 your first impressions of UNCG is a
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00269-00075614-00075854 school in campus well doesn't remember
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00270-00075855-00076129 anything that really struck I mean I was
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00271-00076130-00076384 you I've been to Meredith recently
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00272-00076385-00076725 taking courses on NC State huge place
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00273-00076726-00077116 had taken you know Ben to do huge place
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00274-00077117-00077538 it was just you know isn't it I really
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00275-00077539-00078182 I guess in many cases i-i've tried to
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00276-00078183-00078356 think about that so I saw your question
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00277-00078357-00078498 I don't remember thinking anything but
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00278-00078499-00078846 bad about it or good about it and I knew
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00279-00078847-00079068 that I realized that the papers that
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00280-00079069-00079244 they had there in the archives were
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00281-00079245-00079425 invaluable though because they had
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00282-00079426-00079746 McKeever's papers going back to you know
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00283-00079747-00080034 the beginning of the school boxes and
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00284-00080035-00080367 boxes of them so that part I was really
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00285-00080368-00080556 interested in and thought oh I could do
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00286-00080557-00080750 this can tell me about what kind of
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00287-00080751-00080888 shape they were in had they ever been
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00288-00080889-00081054 processed no they had never been
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00289-00081055-00081312 processed or they had been divided at
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00290-00081313-00081465 one time the what they caught thought
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00291-00081466-00081707 were personal records actually gone to
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00292-00081708-00081846 Maryland or somewhere with one of his
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00293-00081847-00082050 with his daughter or they felt like if I
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00294-00082051-00082305 can't remember some of the other Thurs
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00295-00082306-00082878 had stayed on campus now but the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00296-00082879-00083112 personal things then eventually came
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00297-00083113-00083373 back to campus that those were still
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00298-00083374-00083681 tied up in little packets that was good
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00299-00083682-00084497 I love that notes even preserve original
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00300-00084498-00084800 so so we had his stuff that had stayed
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00301-00084801-00084982 there and we hadn't in love the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00302-00084983-00085197 professional or you know his
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00303-00085198-00085530 professional stuff and then they had the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00304-00085531-00085734 personal stuff with him and Lula writing
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00305-00085735-00085994 back and forth so it was fantastic and
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00306-00085995-00086265 of course the files papers were less
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00307-00086266-00086448 valuable our I thought they were because
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00308-00086449-00086628 they just weren't they just wouldn't
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00309-00086629-00086918 cover walk McKeever had covered I think
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00310-00086919-00087182 in the beginning it was so I'm really
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00311-00087183-00087387 string of course here I'm small but
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00312-00087388-00087606 McKeever's papers I think in the very
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00313-00087607-00087759 beginning they realized that they were
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00314-00087760-00088050 making history right and you had dr. go
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00315-00088051-00088287 who is very much into trying to keep the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00316-00088288-00088556 archives and some other people and and
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00317-00088557-00088682 they just saved everything
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00318-00088683-00089073 mm-hmm truly right so that's nice they
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00319-00089074-00089196 had a sense of what they were doing
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00320-00089197-00089547 exactly so can you talk about the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00321-00089548-00089748 department as it was at that time talked
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00322-00089749-00089985 about Amy was there was it you just you
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00323-00089986-00090182 and him he yep yeah you upstairs the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00324-00090183-00090372 third floor in the cage that has the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00325-00090373-00090675 cage wire been taken down yes oh that's
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00326-00090676-00090713 too bad
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00327-00090714-00090900 it was just any and
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00328-00090901-00091701 I worked some with Emmy with the Special
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00329-00091702-00091983 Collections books and I worked some with
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00330-00091984-00092477 the papers and so it was it was just
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00331-00092478-00092718 nothing was really organized how much
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00332-00092719-00093084 time I would spend here or here we had
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00333-00093085-00093354 two part-time retired librarians who
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00334-00093355-00093543 came in like two afternoons a week
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00335-00093544-00093840 Marjorie Hood who had been do deserving
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00336-00093841-00094062 a better than I yes she had been charge
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00337-00094063-00094215 of circulation no that's what it was
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00338-00094216-00094425 called when she was there and she
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00339-00094426-00094758 actually lived practically on campus you
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00340-00094759-00094908 know where theta Street comes announce
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00341-00094909-00095190 from up from the well I won't go into
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00342-00095191-00095442 that but anyways she was just right
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00343-00095443-00095772 across from Elliot Sundra right and Miss
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00344-00095773-00096138 hood had been in charge of cataloging no
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00345-00096139-00096354 that was miss her miss moose had been in
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00346-00096355-00096537 charge of cataloging so she came in a
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00347-00096538-00096747 couple of afternoons away and then we
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00348-00096748-00096888 had student helper so it was just that
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00349-00096889-00097263 Amy and me right that's I can remember
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00350-00097264-00097551 what anybody was still she would get all
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00351-00097552-00097767 these catalogs from rare book dealers
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00352-00097768-00097887 you know and she'd go through and
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00353-00097888-00098052 checked with the ones that she wanted to
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00354-00098053-00098310 add to the collection and what we would
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00355-00098311-00098535 do then we I would go to the stacks
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00356-00098536-00098691 first of all I would look up to for call
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00357-00098692-00099000 number this is remember no no internet
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00358-00099001-00099234 nothing this is all so I would look up
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00359-00099235-00099414 the call number and see if we had the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00360-00099415-00099564 book that she wanted then I go out the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00361-00099565-00099795 Saxon port mm-hmm and then I take it
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00362-00099796-00099963 upstairs and there me would go do
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00363-00099964-00100131 whatever needed to be done about
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00364-00100132-00100335 processing it right there were quite a
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00365-00100336-00100497 few in the in the general collection
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00366-00100498-00100896 that oh yes oh yeah and that's why she
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00367-00100897-00101157 got a lot of them and we still get some
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00368-00101158-00101403 weight yeah sometimes mark Schumacher
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00369-00101404-00101646 will come up with one yeah or Carolyn
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00370-00101647-00101847 maybe yeah that's in the beginning
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00371-00101848-00102099 that's why we got most all so because in
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00372-00102100-00102330 Medina I got them feeling or impression
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00373-00102331-00102450 she didn't have that much money to spend
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00374-00102451-00102771 so but you know that's that's the way it
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00375-00102772-00103118 was and it was just so the one thing I
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00376-00103119-00103296 remember thinking about when I first
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00377-00103297-00103802 came there was the State Archives I was
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00378-00103803-00104055 sp what was the equivalent of what they
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00379-00104056-00104218 call SP a positions on camp
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00380-00104219-00104665 yeah I was an archivist too when I came
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00381-00104666-00104938 to Jackson library
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00382-00104939-00105454 I had a master's from Duke in history
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00383-00105455-00105853 but I did not have an MLS right and I
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00384-00105854-00106186 was made aware of it very quickly that I
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00385-00106188-00106556 was not a professional just I can't
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00386-00106557-00106879 believe that well especially at that
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00387-00106880-00107222 time it was more it was not unusual for
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00388-00107223-00107395 historians to be in those positions
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00389-00107396-00107761 that's right I mean the requirement at
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00390-00107763-00107950 the State Archives you will have a
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00391-00107951-00108283 master's in history right and they can
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00392-00108284-00108703 get to UNCG and tough tough you don't
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00393-00108704-00109090 count but anyway I got over it and say
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00394-00109091-00109307 there and thought well I'm gonna show
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00395-00109308-00109666 you so but that that's you that's one
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00396-00109667-00110057 thing that I did not like going back to
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00397-00110058-00110299 the the when we were in the cage
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00398-00110300-00110600 sometimes any we would get maybe that
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00399-00110601-00110833 many books or a shelf to be putting
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00400-00110834-00111109 Rochelle we would have to shift a whole
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00401-00111110-00111470 range because we ramped space so we
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00402-00111471-00111749 would be involved in shifting it was it
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00403-00111750-00111956 was amazing how I don't think we even
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00404-00111957-00112375 had a cat telephone up there right yeah
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00405-00112376-00112588 very small Department alone yeah work to
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00406-00112589-00112783 do for just a couple of people and the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00407-00112784-00112982 amazing thing you know like I said there
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00408-00112983-00113168 were two full-time people and when I
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00409-00113169-00113362 left I think they were eight or nine I
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00410-00113363-00113582 can't remember have changed a lot and
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00411-00113583-00113752 since you're talking about that what
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00412-00113753-00113914 what year was that you were tired or
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00413-00113915-00114100 started did you do transitional
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00414-00114101-00114589 retirement no okay no I left intend yeah
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00415-00114590-00115148 20 yeah the department we're quite a bit
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00416-00115149-00115448 I was going to say did they put in this
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00417-00115449-00115589 the elevator going up the third floor
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00418-00115590-00115964 it's it smoother it's been redone and
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00419-00115965-00116123 it's actually smaller than it used to be
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00420-00116124-00116294 I don't know if you remember they
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00421-00116295-00116573 remember the old one very well it's
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00422-00116574-00116822 essentially yeah I think it is a little
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00423-00116823-00116954 smoother and a little more reliable
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00424-00116955-00117160 actually a lot more long I told you I
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00425-00117161-00117302 was pregnant Christopher came a month
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00426-00117303-00117566 early mm-hmm and he always said that it
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00427-00117567-00117961 was the bump yellow he really was just
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00428-00117963-00118114 thought I'd born you yeah
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00429-00118115-00118433 no no interesting thought about that is
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00430-00118433-00118790 did they at that time because my my
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00431-00118791-00118973 mother when she was a teacher they
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00432-00118974-00119231 wouldn't hold jobs for for people when
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00433-00119232-00119477 they went on maternity leave like you
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00434-00119478-00119633 had to go back and reapply what's that
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00435-00119633-00120158 in play for no oh this is what happened
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00436-00120158-00120379 to is like said Christopher came a month
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00437-00120380-00120466 early mm-hm
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00438-00120467-00120815 he was dude June 6th if you recognize
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00439-00120816-00120989 that date I did that deliberately the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00440-00120990-00121151 doctor had said he was he's supposed to
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00441-00121152-00121360 either June 5th of June 7th and I said
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00442-00121361-00121510 can't make it June 6th
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00443-00121511-00122021 but anyway he came May 7th so I'm not
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00444-00122022-00122144 sure how the maternity leave was
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00445-00122145-00122444 supposed to be worked out but at that
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00446-00122445-00122882 time everything went fine when
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00447-00122883-00123034 Christopher got here motherly he was
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00448-00123035-00123539 okay but I had a kidney stone mmm it's
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00449-00123540-00123782 not meant as a matter of fact they had
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00450-00123783-00123947 put me in the hospital with the kidney
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00451-00123948-00124079 stone whenever I went into labor with
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00452-00124080-00124445 Christopher so I'd have surgery when
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00453-00124446-00124591 Christopher was five weeks old for a
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00454-00124592-00125091 kidney stone that's a lot and so then in
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00455-00125092-00125393 August they had told me that was very
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00456-00125394-00125566 fortunate than you that I
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00457-00125567-00125720 they knew what caused my kidney stone
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00458-00125721-00125969 and but I'd had him more surgery I
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00459-00125970-00126203 flipped out I said no no no no but
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00460-00126204-00126379 anyway I had him more searching oh so
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00461-00126380-00126539 this is my job was still you know out
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00462-00126540-00126835 there yeah to answer your question no I
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00463-00126836-00127046 went back part-time about October and
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00464-00127047-00127366 then the job was still there okay so I
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00465-00127367-00127565 didn't know that they did we're not hold
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00466-00127566-00127751 positions I just thought was interesting
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00467-00127752-00127954 yeah I guess the story it was done
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00468-00127955-00128108 that's what she told me this was the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00469-00128108-00128276 public schools yeah there's no different
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00470-00128277-00128303 than
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00471-00128304-00128458 universities well yeah but still
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00472-00128459-00128602 usually they follow pretty but I don't
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00473-00128603-00128944 tell you what's going on in society yeah
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00474-00128945-00129238 you know what I think that most places
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00475-00129239-00129391 at that time would not have hired a
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00476-00129392-00129604 pregnant woman right I was thinking
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00477-00129605-00129893 about asking you about that too so what
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00478-00129894-00129995 did they know
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00479-00129996-00130264 oh yeah I mean yes I knew them either
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00480-00130265-00130510 that or I was getting really like that
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00481-00130511-00130660 yeah they didn't know if they knew you
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00482-00130661-00130844 know no I told him right away you know I
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00483-00130845-00131266 had to but they didn't care archives for
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00484-00131267-00131538 more important yeah that's good
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00485-00131539-00131795 can we talk about you've talked a little
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00486-00131796-00131993 bit about the kind of job you had when
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00487-00131994-00132088 you got there do you want to talk about
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00488-00132089-00132344 the way your job has changed every time
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00489-00132345-00132736 what your titles were okay that was
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00490-00132737-00133066 interesting they hired me as a library
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00491-00133067-00133291 assistant that's all they get money for
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00492-00133292-00133499 that's the lowest on the totem play at
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00493-00133500-00133675 that time I don't know what what it is
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00494-00133676-00133752 now
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00495-00133753-00134006 eventually I was then promoted to be
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00496-00134007-00134878 archivist one and then archivist two and
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00497-00134879-00135450 then Darth pushed it through to be
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00498-00135451-00135688 professional whatever faculty library
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00499-00135689-00135857 faculty or whatever it's called I don't
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00500-00135858-00135976 even know what they're called because I
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00501-00135977-00136312 never it never made that much difference
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00502-00136313-00136540 to me we said it was nice to get the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00503-00136541-00136607 extra money
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00504-00136608-00136946 mm-hmm but there was a shift from SBA to
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00505-00136947-00137360 EPA yes yeah and in all honesty now in
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00506-00137361-00137558 the beginning I was my time was source
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00507-00137559-00137795 split between Amy and the Special
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00508-00137796-00138349 Collections book and archives but the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00509-00138350-00138548 rest of the time this it was the same
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00510-00138549-00139046 job now as I as more people joined us
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00511-00139047-00139240 and did more of the work I did very
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00512-00139241-00139438 little of the processing which I missed
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00513-00139439-00139840 right yeah and then with a veteran's
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00514-00139841-00140108 project more that and more outreach in
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00515-00140109-00140602 general for the archives I'd like to ask
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00516-00140603-00140783 you a little bit about the way students
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00517-00140784-00141046 use the library during your time
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00518-00141047-00141432 he tell me how the changes in the way
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00519-00141433-00141602 students use the library affected your
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00520-00141603-00141859 job you've already talked about outreach
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00521-00141860-00142352 yeah outreach that was always I was very
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00522-00142353-00142868 fortunate well let's see I left
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00523-00142869-00143156 UNCG in nineteen
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00524-00143157-00143665 okay seventy-five we moved to Charleston
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00525-00143666-00143825 okay mhm
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00526-00143826-00144161 so I was away came back then part-time
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00527-00144162-00144449 and eighty the spring of 82 I think it
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00528-00144450-00144689 was and then I would came back full-time
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00529-00144690-00145289 in the fall of 92 so there was a time
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00530-00145290-00145829 they were from 70 I left in 75 I was
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00531-00145830-00146082 going until part-time in 82 then came
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00532-00146083-00146406 back full time in 92 and so you asked me
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00533-00146407-00146446 about
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00534-00146447-00146801 students the main thing is students did
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00535-00146802-00147008 not use the archives whenever I was
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00536-00147009-00147188 there in the beginning and they use of
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00537-00147189-00147468 the special collections very seldom and
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00538-00147469-00147704 that was the purpose you know that I saw
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00539-00147705-00148016 that I had to be done Amy was not she
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00540-00148017-00148300 knew hurt her topic she knew her books
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00541-00148301-00148532 but she wasn't the type that would
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00542-00148533-00148790 really push people to come in and use
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00543-00148791-00148985 them and I realized right away you had
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00544-00148986-00149234 go out drag people off the street mm-hm
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00545-00149235-00149445 definitely yeah so most of your
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00546-00149446-00149641 researchers early on of course were
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00547-00149642-00149948 scholars or faculty or people who knew
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00548-00149949-00150122 you had this certain book or this early
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00549-00150123-00150311 election that were coming there for that
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00550-00150312-00150566 that's all they were interested in okay
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00551-00150567-00150707 kid so what we had been talking about
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00552-00150708-00151178 was changes in students and your job I
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00553-00151179-00151640 was reading your questions the way they
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00554-00151641-00151814 lie the way students use a library
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00555-00151815-00152249 changed immensely and the outreach for
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00556-00152250-00152783 me but then I also presentations and
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00557-00152784-00152915 that was for students but was for
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00558-00152916-00153182 everyone else too I remember surround
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00559-00153183-00153425 the 100th anniversary which was very
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00560-00153426-00153635 fortunate for me as the archivist cost
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00561-00153636-00153833 people who suddenly became interested in
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00562-00153834-00154064 history yeah you don't have the question
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00563-00154065-00154264 I spelled out that uh
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00564-00154265-00154547 people ten years away from the school
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00565-00154548-00154838 they still don't care about history 25
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00566-00154839-00154994 years with their beginning they want
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00567-00154995-00155207 their kids to see where they went to
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00568-00155208-00155429 school and of course by the time you
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00569-00155430-00155621 they've been out 50 years Wow
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00570-00155622-00155809 history is wonderful yeah yeah
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00571-00155810-00156247 respectively damn right and so with the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00572-00156248-00156590 1892 to 1992 that really opened doors
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00573-00156591-00156749 people wanted to learn the history about
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00574-00156750-00156950 the school and so I did I made
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00575-00156951-00157232 presentations everywhere to anybody that
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00576-00157233-00157552 would listen and that really sort of
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00577-00157553-00157913 helped me as far as getting the I have
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00578-00157914-00158255 the very we can we can take a shot of it
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00579-00158256-00158465 okay put it in the very first
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00580-00158466-00158738 presentation I did on campuses for the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00581-00158739-00158903 association of women faculty and
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00582-00158904-00159310 administrative staff and on February 18
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00583-00159311-00159818 1991 yeah so that if you know that is a
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00584-00159819-00159998 hundred years to the day whenever the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00585-00159999-00160360 the legislature established the school
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00586-00160361-00160772 but you know and I can remember the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00587-00160773-00161089 reaction to that I showed slides mm-hmm
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00588-00161090-00161414 people were just overwhelmed it was just
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00589-00161415-00161564 wonderful a lot of things they hadn't
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00590-00161565-00161702 seen and didn't know about didn't know
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00591-00161703-00161984 about yeah I said that I have to give
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00592-00161985-00162206 credit to them 100th anniversary for
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00593-00162207-00162611 that but the outreach by people learning
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00594-00162612-00162839 to know that we had stuff that they
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00595-00162840-00163127 could use for a paper faculty members
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00596-00163128-00163367 didn't know it mm-hmm and they even I
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00597-00163368-00163517 daresay even today in law if I could
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00598-00163518-00163634 leave members to not know about the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00599-00163635-00163709 history of the school
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00600-00163710-00163907 sure let's I remember back with the the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00601-00163908-00164189 50th anniversary of those sit-ins we
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00602-00164190-00164351 kept hearing people were shocked that
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00603-00164352-00164663 there were white women there yeah you
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00604-00164664-00164882 know and I had again you had an educator
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00605-00164883-00165082 on me yeah well we actually have
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00606-00165083-00165518 students who come in you know we do a
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00607-00165519-00165710 lot more with students now right and we
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00608-00165711-00165988 have classes that come in and they
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00609-00165989-00166232 students it's just like you say there's
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00610-00166233-00166535 different levels some of them hopefully
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00611-00166536-00166733 they've heard of the sit-ins you know if
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00612-00166734-00166892 they haven't we talked about that you
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00613-00166893-00167153 start there they usually know about the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00614-00167154-00167478 four men from a auntie right but then
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00615-00167479-00167694 any of them don't realize one it was a
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00616-00167695-00167934 multi it was didn't happen on one day in
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00617-00167935-00168153 one time it was I had to do it several
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00618-00168154-00168399 days over a period of time students were
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00619-00168400-00168611 not a one-day thing and then that
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00620-00168612-00168942 students from WC out there and sat with
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00621-00168943-00169164 them yeah well participated in other
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00622-00169165-00169836 ways if they yeah is amazing and you it
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00623-00169837-00170121 doesn't matter how hard you work there
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00624-00170122-00170406 you always go find people oh yeah which
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00625-00170407-00170562 is great they'll - I mean it's not great
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00626-00170563-00170922 that they don't know but it's like but
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00627-00170923-00171204 yeah you know that was a you know you
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00628-00171205-00171375 get down here I did Jackson library
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00629-00171376-00171672 change during my career and I put to
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00630-00171673-00171885 that first of all I put money I put
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00631-00171886-00172275 dollar signs the administration on
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00632-00172276-00172485 campus became much more interested in
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00633-00172486-00172821 raising money I understand why but it
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00634-00172822-00173115 used to take me off anyway and then the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00635-00173116-00173250 next thing up at Google
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00636-00173251-00173772 mmm-hmm I mean gosh how did we do
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00637-00173773-00174159 anything without Google I'll tell you
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00638-00174160-00174465 story about the uses so you I think she
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00639-00174466-00174683 won you know next questions about them
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00640-00174684-00174900 culture events that took place that I
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00641-00174901-00175251 remember okay let me tell you about the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00642-00175252-00175482 Woolworths women okay okay
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00643-00175483-00175755 this is around the 40th anniversary so
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00644-00175756-00176202 it'd been 2000 we knew there have their
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00645-00176203-00176370 work there's always the story that they
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00646-00176371-00176619 were the three women and usually Vernon
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00647-00176620-00176844 Maryland law and Jeannie Siemens well I
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00648-00176845-00177105 went back through the Carolinian mean
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00649-00177106-00177573 for that whole year of 1960 and indeed
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00650-00177574-00177750 she had written a column and she
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00651-00177751-00177972 mentioned Betsy toff had been with them
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00652-00177973-00178422 that was another you and WC woman mm-hmm
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00653-00178423-00178608 we had never I had never heard of that
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00654-00178609-00178815 no one in her of it there's an air one
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00655-00178816-00178920 kept saying there were only three you
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00656-00178921-00179136 and I said here's the Carolinian article
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00657-00179137-00179453 written by and dude's Lee who was there
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00658-00179454-00179796 so I tried to track down Betsy tall okay
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00659-00179797-00180150 remember no Google nothing so I went to
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00660-00180151-00180381 development people said did y'all all
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00661-00180382-00180549 I'm not people anybody that who might
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00662-00180550-00180700 have it can track down bed
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00663-00180701-00180973 no one could in the beginning and bike
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00664-00180974-00181174 like then maybe two years later I went
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00665-00181175-00181387 back to them and they were able to track
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00666-00181388-00181528 down backseat off
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00667-00181529-00181741 she lived very near Maryland lot in
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00668-00181742-00182038 Northern Virginia but anyway while I'm
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00669-00182039-00182371 getting round to and so we wanted them
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00670-00182372-00182569 impossible we thought we need we get
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00671-00182570-00182767 them come to campus for the 40th
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00672-00182768-00183118 anniversary and so I tried never got
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00673-00183119-00183574 Betsy's telephone number dialed it hello
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00674-00183575-00184024 Betsy this is Betty Carter I'm at UNCG
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00675-00184025-00184369 it was his long sigh what's up although
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00676-00184370-00184716 she's gonna hang up and then she said
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00677-00184717-00185083 that's my album ah yeah I said yep I
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00678-00185084-00185407 said where have you been but anyway she
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00679-00185408-00185742 in Maryland drove down in the snowstorm
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00680-00185743-00186019 for that February first for the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00681-00186020-00186280 anniversary that's awesome yeah I mean
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00682-00186281-00186538 that's those women were phenomenal and
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00683-00186539-00186742 dear to say I finally she's the one that
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00684-00186743-00186907 I interviewed and then the machine with
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00685-00186908-00187168 I think I told you what yeah anyway but
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00686-00187169-00187468 you got it anyway yeah you know it the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00687-00187469-00187819 outreach getting people make sure they
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00688-00187820-00188182 know what you got mmm-hmm yeah you want
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00689-00188183-00188662 me to talk about also the are you ready
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00690-00188663-00188839 to move to that last question well I was
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00691-00188840-00189025 going to say the social cultural event
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00692-00189026-00189208 the other thing I'm not sure people know
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00693-00189209-00189649 we I did I started doing each alumni
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00694-00189650-00189838 class as they come in to celebrate their
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00695-00189839-00190036 50th anniversary note that that's big
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00696-00190037-00190303 deal of course that would always come to
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00697-00190304-00190582 the archive dish so I I'd put everything
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00698-00190583-00190825 relating to their years on campus and so
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00699-00190826-00190999 I worked with a lot of classes probably
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00700-00191000-00191287 it was a class of 45 class of 50 gave us
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00701-00191288-00191478 their class gift came to the archives
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00702-00191479-00191944 and so on up to 55 classes of 55 may 56
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00703-00191945-00192130 I can't remember when we start and
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00704-00192131-00192304 something meant a presentation was given
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00705-00192305-00192556 at the Reunion Weekend somewhere on
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00706-00192557-00192934 campus so that was a big event we again
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00707-00192935-00193081 we were covering the alumni but we
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00708-00193082-00193315 couldn't get to the students students
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00709-00193316-00193444 were more interested in history that's
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00710-00193445-00193573 you know you guys are something find
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00711-00193574-00193774 something that grabs some rather than
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00712-00193775-00193999 forget calling it history
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00713-00194000-00194308 right you know so the other thing did
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00714-00194309-00194518 you know dr. Bart off by chance I know
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00715-00194519-00194713 who he is I did not know one yeah you
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00716-00194714-00194917 know he well you don't know he he came
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00717-00194918-00195322 in the 40s history department and he was
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00718-00195323-00195484 very interested in history at the school
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00719-00195485-00195937 and so he loved night weekend he would
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00720-00195938-00196225 always be on campus usually having some
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00721-00196226-00196414 sort of program somewhere because when
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00722-00196415-00196678 he when the girls were in school they
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00723-00196679-00196954 loved him they everyone loved dr. Bart
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00724-00196955-00197170 off and the reason I'm telling you this
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00725-00197171-00197472 I can't remember what when it was but
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00726-00197473-00197775 he'd always come by and we talked and
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00727-00197776-00197974 you know when he would be on campus
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00728-00197975-00198231 particular for her along the weekend and
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00729-00198232-00198523 I got this telephone call and he told me
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00730-00198524-00198715 hey this is dick Bardolph I said you
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00731-00198716-00198928 know when you come and I want to see you
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00732-00198929-00199240 and he said I won't be there I said why
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00733-00199241-00199606 not he said my memory is not like it
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00734-00199607-00199918 used to be and I don't want to confuse
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00735-00199919-00200284 the girls I don't want to upset them by
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00736-00200285-00200536 calling them the wrong name well I was
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00737-00200537-00200593 in tears
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00738-00200594-00200839 yeah I'll never forget that telephone
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00739-00200840-00201031 call yeah for especially for a history
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00740-00201032-00201259 professor yeah but he did not want he
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00741-00201260-00201436 was more concerned about upsetting the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00742-00201437-00201757 girls those 50 those 75 year old women
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00743-00201758-00202329 or send me two year-old women that oh
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00744-00202330-00202825 that was just okay sorry that's okay no
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00745-00202826-00202962 that's great
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00746-00202963-00203254 do you have any stories or impressions
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00747-00203255-00203461 that you want tell me about the other
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00748-00203462-00203659 librarians and archivists doctors needs
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00749-00203660-00204022 to be mentioned huh Darce is the one dr.
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00750-00204023-00204214 jotte doctor I could call him and talk
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00751-00204215-00204402 to Jackson okay
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00752-00204403-00204715 dr. Thompson he knew we were there but
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00753-00204716-00205151 he really didn't
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00754-00205152-00205354 didn't take a great interest in nor cows
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00755-00205355-00205519 he was more interested in books than I
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00756-00205521-00205812 understand so that's final
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00757-00205813-00206167 Doris we used to tease her that she
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00758-00206169-00206488 could been an archivist she understood
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00759-00206489-00206734 what we were doing and tried to find
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00760-00206735-00206848 money for us
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00761-00206850-00207079 she supported the veterans project more
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00762-00207080-00207476 than anyone did but she and then of
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00763-00207477-00207496 course
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00764-00207498-00207919 Doris endured the move of cataloging and
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00765-00207919-00208171 acquisitions upstairs took all sorts of
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00766-00208173-00208523 criticism but she got historical project
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00767-00208523-00208694 which of course started out as the women
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00768-00208694-00208976 veterans historical project right I was
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00769-00208977-00209150 just going to cook let's see if you
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00770-00209151-00209548 could that's 1998 not teen not 1980 oh
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00771-00209550-00209614 sorry
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00772-00209615-00210078 just like I wish it with that oh sorry I
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00773-00210079-00210398 mean we missed so many stories may be
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00774-00210398-00210885 always be thankful for what you have
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00775-00210886-00211321 okay so how did that come about well I
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00776-00211323-00211726 don't I have always been interested in
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00777-00211727-00212059 World War two history hmm I've always
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00778-00212060-00212267 been interested in world and European
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00779-00212267-00212430 history mort I have American history
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00780-00212431-00212731 women sitting I'm very strong on that
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00781-00212732-00213094 women are been forgotten ignored and you
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00782-00213096-00213362 know I can get off on the high horse on
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00783-00213363-00213733 that but um but the world war two I was
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00784-00213734-00213971 never able to pull World War two and
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00785-00213971-00214105 women together
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00786-00214106-00214453 and it was in the late nineties I kept
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00787-00214454-00214909 hearing about veterans projects and
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00788-00214910-00215525 guests fought they were always men so
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00789-00215526-00215917 and I remember that I don't know where
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00790-00215919-00216121 they do this now but they used to be
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00791-00216121-00216352 libraries in the system have these
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00792-00216353-00216604 little monthly newsletters and sometimes
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00793-00216605-00216794 they would get passed to other libraries
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00794-00216794-00217228 and be circulated among the staff but it
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00795-00217229-00217530 was I think it was an NC State Library
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00796-00217531-00217763 newsletter mentioned that they were
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00797-00217764-00217906 doing the veterans project but of course
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00798-00217907-00218208 I mean NC stay of course it's been
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00799-00218209-00218794 so I started reading and looking of
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00800-00218794-00219362 veterans projects so whims and
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00801-00219363-00219773 Washington the women's memorial and I
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00802-00219773-00220030 thought that's what we need to do I can
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00803-00220031-00220552 cover women's history mm-hmm
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00804-00220553-00220823 women from this school were joined up
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00805-00220823-00221569 various units the women's history and I
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00806-00221571-00221898 can pull my World War two interest in
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00807-00221900-00222235 and I just probably talked to Herman
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00808-00222236-00222644 about it and I still remember I mean if
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00809-00222644-00222901 it with the schools it back I mean its
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00810-00222902-00223466 history background right and it wasn't
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00811-00223467-00223715 easy to get it done cause again those
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00812-00223716-00223967 someone supported me and I needed doors
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00813-00223967-00224674 right obviously there would be WC alumni
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00814-00224675-00224942 who there were some who served did you
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00815-00224942-00225178 talk to them during the reunions events
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00816-00225179-00225671 or did you find any source material
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00817-00225671-00225904 material from those events fortunately
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00818-00225905-00226371 back and I'm thinking it was 1992
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00819-00226373-00226726 yeah they have had I'm not sure what
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00820-00226727-00226988 they had done and maybe I was not aware
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00821-00226989-00227359 of it but the Alumni House had asked
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00822-00227360-00227842 that veterans women veterans send their
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00823-00227844-00228007 uniform suit the Alumni House for an
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00824-00228008-00228469 exhibit occur it was waves mainly and so
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00825-00228471-00228724 there was a little bit of knowledge
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00826-00228725-00229426 about out there about it but I was able
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00827-00229427-00229710 I came in where I got the mailing list
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00828-00229711-00229992 but
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00829-00229994-00230596 I sent letters out I'm thinking okay you
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00830-00230596-00230923 know about early 98 I was working on it
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00831-00230923-00231144 the luncheon first luncheon was in
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00832-00231146-00231429 November of 98 and the first interview
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00833-00231430-00231996 was in January of 99 but I started
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00834-00231998-00232431 working on trying to find people and I
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00835-00232432-00232569 know Dora said how did you get all these
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00836-00232571-00232744 names I said you get one name that
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00837-00232744-00232983 person's got a mailing list I asked for
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00838-00232984-00233157 their mailing list so do you remember
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00839-00233158-00233296 how many people came to that first
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00840-00233296-00233488 luncheon even before you had interviews
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00841-00233489-00233733 yeah Beth Ann has she can probably tell
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00842-00233734-00233919 you I don't remember it was less than a
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00843-00233921-00234132 hundred from it was held in columnar
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00844-00234133-00234408 house and the ladies love the alumni
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00845-00234409-00234691 house is so nice yeah I can still
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00846-00234692-00234930 remember I made Ned Harrison didn't
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00847-00234931-00235107 remember him he worked he wrote for the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00848-00235108-00235329 news and record veterans gone but he
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00849-00235330-00235707 what he spoke for us that day well
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00850-00235708-00235842 that's great that she got people to turn
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00851-00235844-00236116 out even before they had even I know one
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00852-00236117-00236263 of your question said was it difficult
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00853-00236264-00236457 to get women veterans to talk you know
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00854-00236458-00236706 they were ready to talk have you ever
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00855-00236707-00236944 been a minute and a group of probably 90
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00856-00236944-00237180 to 90 women I mean can you imagine I
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00857-00237181-00237579 mean but I remember I spoke that day you
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00858-00237580-00237831 know I took a gray box and regular gray
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00859-00237832-00238035 box with me to speak and I said it's
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00860-00238036-00238276 your job to fill this box yeah he looked
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00861-00238277-00238525 at me like I was a weird but anyway and
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00862-00238526-00238683 that's on you've got to save your
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00863-00238684-00238876 history no one else is going to it but
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00864-00238877-00239058 yeah we had that back I think it's
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00865-00239059-00239307 around 80 to 90 people at that first
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00866-00239308-00239440 luncheon so it wasn't too hard to
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00867-00239441-00239626 convince them that they were their
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00868-00239627-00239856 stories were worth learning you see
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00869-00239857-00239976 they've always thought they were worth
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00870-00239977-00240210 it but they always accepted well you
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00871-00240211-00240601 know you know we even when we started
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00872-00240602-00240844 doing interviews we wanted to interview
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00873-00240844-00240969 the woman by herself
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00874-00240971-00241165 we'd never wanted her husband there you
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00875-00241166-00241363 know what right he would take over
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00876-00241364-00241551 because she just sat there for him
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00877-00241552-00241798 proper and let him you like yellow Tom a
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00878-00241798-00242121 different culture yes as men had been
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00879-00242123-00242385 used to this you know but just talk to
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00880-00242386-00242551 me every one of us either been on Iwo
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00881-00242552-00242778 Jima Mount Suribachi or they were at
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00882-00242779-00243046 Omaha Beach I mean yeah
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00883-00243046-00243267 right but yes some of the women just
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00884-00243269-00243435 typed letters but those letters were
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00885-00243436-00244005 necessary but you know it was
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00886-00244006-00244194 administration it wasn't that hard
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00887-00244196-00244432 Darce aborted she believed in it from
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00888-00244433-00244498 the beginning
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00889-00244498-00244903 hmm that's very yes John Glenn who was
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00890-00244904-00245296 the alumni whatever director at that
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00891-00245296-00245590 time she helped she was great help she
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00892-00245591-00245823 helped I never mean can you plan magic
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00893-00245825-00246044 fighting a lunch of fraidy people huh I
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00894-00246046-00246373 have a dinner she says no no you can't
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00895-00246373-00246573 you shouldn't have a dinner ladies that
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00896-00246575-00246730 age did not like to get out at night
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00897-00246731-00246940 afraid they would fall yes that's what
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00898-00246941-00247363 we are so you know she it was just a
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00899-00247364-00247492 little thing little things like that you
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00900-00247492-00247719 know she was so helpful so it won't want
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00901-00247721-00247923 to help and then and I think everyone
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00902-00247925-00248032 was shocked but it worked
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00903-00248033-00248248 yeah but it was the women they were
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00904-00248248-00248440 ready to talk and they were ready to do
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00905-00248441-00248605 whatever they could do they want it done
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00906-00248606-00249088 mhm yeah that's correct yeah so how did
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00907-00249089-00249331 the project evolved over time well
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00908-00249332-00249700 adding more women you know that you
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00909-00249701-00250092 wanted figure him WC women and you had
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00910-00250094-00250390 200 just go with the flow a lot of
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00911-00250391-00250615 people thought it's just a WC project no
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00912-00250616-00250821 you had to keep telling me boys state of
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00913-00250823-00251026 North Carolina education yeah a lot of
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00914-00251027-00251473 thing exactly and uh you know as you had
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00915-00251473-00251755 more Wars we'll always have plan people
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00916-00251756-00252207 to interview I'm sorry but more to Korea
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00917-00252208-00252655 Vietnam it's just we still use it I
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00918-00252656-00252798 think they're still using the basic
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00919-00252800-00253030 questions that we had from the beginning
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00920-00253031-00253189 I'm not real sure but that's one way you
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00921-00253190-00253681 could always expand it they were never
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00922-00253682-00254155 afraid to talk but again it's more
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00923-00254156-00254479 outreach to mm-hmm getting people to
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00924-00254480-00254712 understand that women to contribute to
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00925-00254713-00254980 and so now I've always listened whenever
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00926-00254981-00255205 they talk about historical military
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00927-00255206-00255532 things they all say men and women used
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00928-00255533-00255664 to be they didn't say the women all
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00929-00255665-00255976 right said men so always please I take
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00930-00255977-00256228 credit for it but it's not I mean it's
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00931-00256229-00256335 lots of credit you know I'm just being
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00932-00256336-00256387 silly
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00933-00256388-00256935 yeah and so how do you guys can you
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00934-00256936-00257032 describe how you think the project
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00935-00257033-00257242 ensures that the story of women in war
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00936-00257242-00257382 is being told you one thing is you
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00937-00257383-00257667 mentioned you see things now women are
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00938-00257669-00257892 mentioned in long with Assad men yeah
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00939-00257894-00258253 you know I think also this project in my
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00940-00258254-00258787 mind is recognized because its first of
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00941-00258788-00259051 all is based in an academic institution
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00942-00259052-00259276 now remember most of those were worried
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00943-00259277-00259528 or not no one should say most but a lot
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00944-00259529-00259683 of the World War two women did not go to
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00945-00259684-00259857 college before they went to the military
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00946-00259858-00260094 and they still view it but like you know
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00947-00260096-00260310 this is a college that's interested in
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00948-00260311-00260416 what I did
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00949-00260417-00260698 mm-hmm and I was so pleased for them cuz
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00950-00260698-00260866 yeah we're interesting you were
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00951-00260867-00261217 important right so you know it's a an
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00952-00261217-00261565 academic institution I'm not really I'm
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00953-00261566-00261850 really big on paper or paper and words
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00954-00261851-00262116 I'm not really big on statues and
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00955-00262117-00262681 whatever the women seem to be happy so
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00956-00262682-00262908 I'm hoping that they approved how it's
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00957-00262909-00263194 been preserved and that it's been
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00958-00263195-00263482 preserved accurately so yeah well the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00959-00263483-00263620 luncheons were my favorite events that
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00960-00263621-00263821 we know I love to see your ladies yeah
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00961-00263822-00264037 and that's one of the things that they
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00962-00264038-00264223 all seem to really enjoy it and
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00963-00264224-00264517 appreciate it and yeah oh my World War
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00964-00264518-00264996 two ladies are going there yeah I
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00965-00264997-00265276 checked the death list before I go to
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00966-00265277-00265351 the luncheons
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00967-00265352-00265771 right yeah but we have new veterans we
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00968-00265772-00266287 have you under better ins they were the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00969-00266288-00266484 grandmother never had right but the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00970-00266485-00266821 legacy continues yeah yeah he's missing
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00971-00266822-00266977 do the new ones are just as tough as
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00972-00266978-00267289 they were all right yeah so no better
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00973-00267290-00267532 don't I guess in some ways don't face
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00974-00267533-00267670 some of the same challenges yeah
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00975-00267671-00268078 different challenges yeah different
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00976-00268079-00268284 challenges yeah yeah it's still tough
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00977-00268285-00268421 I'm sure
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00978-00268422-00268686 so I need to ask you how and when did
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00979-00268687-00268941 the WV HP become the bedding H Carter I
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00980-00268942-00269115 don't know when and I I meant to look
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00981-00269116-00269394 that up so I can look it up but did you
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00982-00269395-00269628 talk about how Herrmann's estate will be
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00983-00269629-00269961 coming to the project and he I said be
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00984-00269962-00270441 named for me yep I was shocked I didn't
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00985-00270442-00270629 know anything that was gonna happen
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00986-00270630-00270990 Herrmann it's been wonderful for this
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00987-00270991-00271206 project he loved he loves the project as
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00988-00271207-00271485 much as I did and I'm not saying the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00989-00271486-00271671 band doesn't love the project it's just
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00990-00271672-00271940 no courthouse Herrmann I have a very
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00991-00271941-00272262 close ownership ownership office so he
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00992-00272263-00272403 never talked to you about it before he
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00993-00272404-00272781 did it he just did it yeah yeah so that
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00994-00272782-00272958 was very very nice of him
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00995-00272959-00273411 yeah do you have a favorite story just
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00996-00273412-00273678 you say a story oh I could start talking
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00997-00273679-00274056 in that stop yeah let me tell you okay
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00998-00274057-00274323 maybe about four women okay
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-00999-00274324-00274650 I'll make it short okay so I thought one
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01000-00274651-00275154 is defamed ulster Mastriani mm-hmm this
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01001-00275155-00275304 she actually graduated from Woman's
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01002-00275305-00275478 College well no it's not here on college
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01003-00275479-00275616 woman's because she graduated I think
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01004-00275617-00275802 it's 27 and by then then they might have
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01005-00275803-00276063 been changed again and so after she got
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01006-00276064-00276354 hurt and she had a degree in music and
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01007-00276355-00276669 after that she went and took training
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01008-00276670-00276987 and became a registered nurse and World
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01009-00276988-00277205 War two she joined the Army Nurse Corps
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01010-00277206-00277650 stationed in Fiji in Fiji she met Joe
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01011-00277651-00277956 Foss Gianni he worked for the Red Cross
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01012-00277957-00278346 they became close friends after the war
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01013-00278347-00278603 Joe went home to his family in New York
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01014-00278604-00278925 devine became a leader in public health
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01015-00278926-00279252 nursing eventually retiring in Charlotte
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01016-00279253-00279825 in 1992 Joe's wife died and he got touch
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01017-00279826-00279971 with Jeff Veen
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01018-00279972-00280813 hmm so he came to Charlotte to visit and
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01019-00280814-00281240 they were married she had never married
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01020-00281241-00281458 Wow she will when they marriage she was
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01021-00281459-00282047 86 they had only seven years together so
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01022-00282048-00282422 died 99 and she died in 2000 well I know
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01023-00282423-00282709 that's not earth-shaking or yes story
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01024-00282710-00283166 it's just if you ever have a chance to
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01025-00283167-00283472 see girls got star spangled girls I've
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01026-00283473-00283658 been does play uh-huh
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01027-00283659-00283928 she taught Joe there's a song about Joe
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01028-00283929-00284204 and there and Herrmann told me the lice
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01029-00284205-00284375 um he went to see he sat down cried
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01030-00284376-00284702 because he met Joe I'd most these people
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01031-00284703-00284930 I only know through interviews right I'd
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01032-00284931-00285334 have met Daffy no okay but I mean he
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01033-00285335-00285658 imagined okay yeah that's one story yeah
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01034-00285659-00285859 that was a little short is about an army
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01035-00285860-00286040 nurse mrs. Revis and I don't know
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01036-00286041-00286148 whether she's alive or not
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01037-00286149-00286544 I meant to check that but she was
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01038-00286545-00286805 stationed in southern England flew from
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01039-00286806-00286994 England to the continent bringing back
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01040-00286995-00287434 plane loads of Oona's men and she told
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01041-00287435-00287864 the story about wonder if it's not the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01042-00287865-00288029 first one the first plane notes coming
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01043-00288030-00288230 back she was trying to take care of
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01044-00288231-00288656 everybody the one that the wounded men
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01045-00288657-00288932 started speaking German and it was a
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01046-00288933-00289091 German soldier that they had picked up
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01047-00289092-00289529 by mistake right and the rest of the men
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01048-00289530-00289721 on the plane would were ready to kill
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01049-00289722-00290008 him and so but they got that squared
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01050-00290009-00290264 away and so she said eventually they
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01051-00290265-00290414 would have a plane load of German
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01052-00290415-00290657 prisoners that you know hurt wounded
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01053-00290658-00290840 that she had to take care of it says she
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01054-00290841-00291082 had a really hard time doing it but she
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01055-00291083-00291431 or she was saving the enemy right but
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01056-00291432-00291605 then she said she heard the story one
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01057-00291606-00291929 though on the plane was the American
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01058-00291930-00292127 soldier was telling her how rough it had
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01059-00292128-00292379 been how they had been in this battle
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01060-00292380-00292565 and they had a lot of wounded and they
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01061-00292566-00292865 didn't have a doctor and then they said
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01062-00292866-00293102 heard this from a loudspeaker to this
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01063-00293103-00293321 man speaking said I'm a German dog
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01064-00293322-00293512 turn I know you don't have a doctor
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01065-00293513-00293738 we're gonna call a ceasefire and I'm
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01066-00293739-00293804 coming over
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01067-00293805-00294251 Wow yeah she said that changed yeah that
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01068-00294252-00294578 was amazing and the other one I won't go
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01069-00294579-00294841 into me but if you ever get a chance to
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01070-00294842-00295175 leave mrs. baines are ya bein she's a
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01071-00295176-00295255 wasp
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01072-00295256-00295475 she was carson bein who was the former
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01073-00295476-00295712 mayor brains for his first wife and she
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01074-00295713-00295943 just died within the last year she is
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01075-00295944-00296131 hilarious telling about split flying
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01076-00296132-00296204 those planes
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01077-00296205-00296414 those women were i told her she was out
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01078-00296415-00296570 of her mind she said yeah that's a nice
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01079-00296571-00296846 one takes special Terezin to do that
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01080-00296847-00297416 right they've finally the last one is
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01081-00297417-00297938 this is it personal for me in March 2003
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01082-00297939-00298229 I received an email from dr. James
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01083-00298230-00298373 Madison I always think that's
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01084-00298374-00298681 interesting James Madison mm-hmm he was
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01085-00298682-00298978 he's professor at Indiana University and
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01086-00298979-00299300 he had seen our website ransom our
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01087-00299301-00299438 interview and he's very interesting
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01088-00299439-00299710 interview and Mary Matthews she'd served
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01089-00299711-00300374 in the Red Cross in France and professor
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01090-00300375-00300532 Madison was writing a book about
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01091-00300533-00300755 Elizabeth Richards and another person
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01092-00300756-00300977 who had served in the Red Cross but she
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01093-00300978-00301279 and she was a native of Indiana
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01094-00301280-00301496 Elizabeth Richardson had been married
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01095-00301497-00301657 supervisor in the Red Cross so that's
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01096-00301658-00301979 the connection with us Richardson was
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01097-00301980-00302177 killed on a flight to Paris right after
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01098-00302178-00302588 the war ended the her family had saved
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01099-00302589-00302734 all of her letters her Diaries and
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01100-00302735-00302828 everything like that and that's when
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01101-00302829-00303109 Madison was getting his information and
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01102-00303110-00303272 also like getting in touch with Mary
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01103-00303273-00303695 Matt is as I read his email cultural
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01104-00303696-00303992 started went up down my spine this is
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01105-00303993-00304274 March when I got his email six months
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01106-00304275-00304592 early in October 2002 I visited on Long
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01107-00304593-00304865 Beach and the cemetery that sits on the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01108-00304866-00305219 bluff overlooking the beach I knew that
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01109-00305220-00305480 among the nine thousand soldiers plus
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01110-00305481-00305642 nine thousand plus soldiers buried in
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01111-00305643-00305840 that cemetery there were four women
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01112-00305841-00306074 and I wanted to miss each of their
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01113-00306075-00306395 grades on the day that Christopher my
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01114-00306396-00306646 son was when they were and I were there
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01115-00306647-00306869 the superintendent of the cemetery
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01116-00306870-00307127 wasn't there and his assistant could not
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01117-00307128-00307439 find the graves of Cody by number but he
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01118-00307440-00307780 could only find one grave woman's grave
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01119-00307781-00308045 but on that day we visited Elizabeth
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01120-00308046-00308321 Richardson's grave hmm I thought I would
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01121-00308322-00308435 never hear her name again
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01122-00308436-00308645 Wow as a matter of fact I came back and
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01123-00308646-00308912 started using her this saying that I had
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01124-00308913-00309038 visited her grave and then I got
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01125-00309039-00309476 medicines email I'm just not and I told
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01126-00309477-00309704 him I said let me tell you my story yeah
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01127-00309705-00309974 I said let me tell you my story and he
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01128-00309975-00310253 it sort of just happened upon her grave
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01129-00310254-00310757 in the cemetery - yeah but you know that
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01130-00310758-00311117 this every there's so many stories in
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01131-00311118-00311504 those interviews mm-hmm there's so many
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01132-00311505-00311647 stories
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01133-00311648-00311906 another preserved yeah right there
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01134-00311907-00312311 forever I hope but we're gonna go to the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01135-00312312-00312725 conclusion section okay ready yeah tell
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01136-00312726-00312953 me how UNCG has affected your life and
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01137-00312954-00313127 what it means to you well I mean you can
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01138-00313128-00313589 see I love history I have found out
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01139-00313590-00313739 though you know the winners write
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01140-00313740-00314105 history so if you in a war but since
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01141-00314106-00314240 there's so much for serving you and say
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01142-00314241-00314489 gee I think they're the winners mmm yeah
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01143-00314490-00314864 but love history and I love I guess I am
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01144-00314865-00315107 very strongly support you know the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01145-00315108-00315422 public record acts this the people who
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01146-00315423-00315554 hold office need to understand that
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01147-00315555-00315755 these records that they are creating are
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01148-00315756-00315947 not personal records they belong to the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01149-00315948-00316160 people of North Carolina of this country
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01150-00316161-00316493 whatever it very experience nor cannot
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01151-00316494-00316657 ask a very strong public record aside
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01152-00316658-00317201 and so that's one you know I'm not sure
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01153-00317202-00317399 that's how preserve UNCG's records but
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01154-00317400-00317936 hopefully it has you know but I didn't
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01155-00317937-00318053 get asked a lot of people think I what
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01156-00318054-00318427 school are you and CG I did not it's a
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01157-00318428-00318833 lovely place I enjoy my time there dad
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01158-00318834-00318992 always agree know
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01159-00318993-00319286 but it does yeah that would be very
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01160-00319287-00319658 unusual about isn't preserving history
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01161-00319659-00320102 and we I say we this University our
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01162-00320103-00320363 house is good had done a good job and of
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01163-00320364-00320755 course these women the veterans
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01164-00320756-00320981 preserving women's history is important
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01165-00320982-00321512 too yeah definitely so you know a large
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01166-00321513-00321698 part of the these interviews are done
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01167-00321699-00321863 for the hundred 25th anniversary of the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01168-00321864-00321947 University
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01169-00321948-00322142 that's an excellent opportunity for
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01170-00322143-00322445 reflection though it also helps to think
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01171-00322446-00322582 about where we're heading in the future
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01172-00322583-00322856 so I'm gonna ask you what do you think
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01173-00322857-00323635 is the future of UNCG
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01174-00323636-00323987 one of the questions we ask the veterans
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01175-00323988-00324152 away or we used to I know I asked
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01176-00324153-00324449 Enderson this what you see is the I said
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01177-00324450-00324752 what is the movement that you think is
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01178-00324753-00325118 coming next and she said you know the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01179-00325119-00325748 LGBT elegy yeah okay you can either stop
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01180-00325749-00325898 there you can add cue where you can have
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01181-00325899-00326204 several other laughs yeah that was the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01182-00326205-00326474 thing that she saw coming and this you
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01183-00326475-00326630 know I've thought about this I'm not
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01184-00326631-00326891 really good at seeing the future but I
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01185-00326892-00327536 think you and CG's gonna have to well to
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01186-00327537-00327979 really fight to maintain where it is I
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01187-00327980-00328226 put down there are no mountains near
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01188-00328227-00328514 here there are no beaches near here that
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01189-00328515-00328676 attracts people whether you like it or
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01190-00328677-00328946 not I mean appstate in Western Carolina
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01191-00328947-00329240 Wilmington who's getting the big you
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01192-00329241-00329477 know we're not unique
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01193-00329478-00329873 like School of the Arts the flagship
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01194-00329874-00330098 universities I mean a state in Carolina
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01195-00330099-00330578 okay and I even put ECU there because
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01196-00330579-00330991 ECU covers a huge area of the state
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01197-00330992-00331385 they were trying during the early part
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01198-00331386-00331621 of the century they were trying to
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01199-00331622-00331926 create what became East Carolina
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01200-00331927-00332176 McKeever fought it tooth and nail he
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01201-00332177-00332422 brutalized one and we keep your dad no
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01202-00332423-00332833 6ec you came in oh nine yeah but he was
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01203-00332834-00333115 just it's just
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01204-00333116-00333394 you can see G so had to fight we don't
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01205-00333395-00333613 have sports and that's fine I I'm not a
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01206-00333614-00333790 big sports person except for Duke
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01207-00333791-00334464 basketball anyway you know I don't know
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01208-00334465-00334840 hopefully the Chancellor has some ideas
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01209-00334841-00335134 on this I'm not sure that the Board of
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01210-00335135-00335485 Trustees are really the people that know
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01211-00335486-00335557 what's ahead
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01212-00335558-00335998 Wow maybe the Chancellor and some select
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01213-00335999-00336328 faculty members retired and active I
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01214-00336329-00336670 don't know yeah no no that's a tough
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01215-00336671-00336730 question
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01216-00336731-00336898 yeah it's just gonna be interesting to
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01217-00336899-00337080 see what people how people answered it
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01218-00337081-00337459 and see what maybe yeah see who the
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01219-00337460-00337498 winner is
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01220-00337499-00337774 I don't have any more formal questions
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01221-00337775-00337915 for you but if there's anything at all
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01222-00337916-00338107 that you'd like to talk about they did
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01223-00338108-00338569 you so that's just wide open a few so I
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01224-00338570-00338886 have no more likes it you can always ask
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01225-00338887-00339154 bazillion questions so you you thought
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01226-00339155-00339316 you narrowed it down very well okay
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01227-00339317-00339445 thank you well this has been great
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01228-00339446-00339508 talking to you
+-I8Fj2CqIj8-01229-00339509-00339874 Thanks well thank you for coming
+-J1CORNrea4-00000-00000000-00000245 foreign
+-J1CORNrea4-00001-00000246-00001147 [Music]
+-J1CORNrea4-00002-00001148-00001607 ER and do you know Elon Musk made a game
+-J1CORNrea4-00003-00001607-00001780 in his childhood
+-J1CORNrea4-00004-00001782-00002195 yes the richest man very was very
+-J1CORNrea4-00005-00002196-00002525 interested about computers encoding in
+-J1CORNrea4-00006-00002526-00002813 his young age he started taking computer
+-J1CORNrea4-00007-00002814-00003173 classes but at the age of 12 he made a
+-J1CORNrea4-00008-00003174-00003365 game called blaster
+-J1CORNrea4-00009-00003365-00003754 the game is playing in screen and it is
+-J1CORNrea4-00010-00003755-00004156 made by Elon Musk some people will say
+-J1CORNrea4-00011-00004157-00004553 it is not very hard
+-J1CORNrea4-00012-00004554-00004888 okay you are right I also have knowledge
+-J1CORNrea4-00013-00004889-00005254 to make a computer game a high graphics
+-J1CORNrea4-00014-00005255-00005531 game and the game will be 100 trillion
+-J1CORNrea4-00015-00005532-00005770 times better than his game
+-J1CORNrea4-00016-00005771-00006211 and I am working on some superhero games
+-J1CORNrea4-00017-00006212-00006581 that will blow your mind get the video
+-J1CORNrea4-00018-00006581-00006964 to help me but it was very hard to know
+-J1CORNrea4-00019-00006965-00007246 quoting in that time you know
+-J1CORNrea4-00020-00007247-00007792 in 1984 personal computer was just made
+-J1CORNrea4-00021-00007793-00008213 and a 12 years old kid made the game it
+-J1CORNrea4-00022-00008214-00008459 made a game and the game is very
+-J1CORNrea4-00023-00008460-00008639 responsive
+-J1CORNrea4-00024-00008640-00008951 it was not made by Activision or any
+-J1CORNrea4-00025-00008952-00009209 other big companies it was just made by
+-J1CORNrea4-00026-00009210-00009431 a 12 years old kid
+-J1CORNrea4-00027-00009432-00009791 can you imagine it is very complex task
+-J1CORNrea4-00028-00009792-00009935 for him
+-J1CORNrea4-00029-00009936-00010283 the game was set in outer space
+-J1CORNrea4-00030-00010284-00010624 he was always a extraordinary kid he
+-J1CORNrea4-00031-00010625-00010901 took a university level program
+-J1CORNrea4-00032-00010902-00011171 his teacher said that he will be a very
+-J1CORNrea4-00033-00011172-00011423 well in engineer
+-J1CORNrea4-00034-00011424-00011692 and so he did that
+-J1CORNrea4-00035-00011693-00012017 you know the video in share
+-J1CORNrea4-00036-00012018-00012274 see you in the next video till then take
+-J1CORNrea4-00037-00012275-00012597 care bye bye
+-J1CORNrea4-00038-00012598-00013512 [Music]
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00000-00000944-00001331 hey hey hey what's up guys we're bad
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00001-00001332-00001648 episode 6 of Pokemon y surgeons and I
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00002-00001650-00001841 never don't know i'm recording it this
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00003-00001842-00002279 time in the morning and it's weird to
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00004-00002280-00002783 say because it should be really energic
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00005-00002784-00003170 or however you say that in English like
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00006-00003171-00003359 full of energy but I'm not because it's
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00007-00003360-00003659 half past six a.m. and i still haven't
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00008-00003660-00004109 slept you heard right yep I don't even
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00009-00004110-00004472 know why I just felt like recording that
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00010-00004473-00005102 is it Ultra Ball why do you do that to
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00011-00005103-00005552 me well by the way quick recap of last
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00012-00005553-00006149 episode we caught some new friends I'm
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00013-00006150-00006428 gonna show right now who they are all
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00014-00006429-00006905 honest i rogue this guy right here it's
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00015-00006906-00007070 gonna become a nice and powerful story
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00016-00007070-00007546 after if somebody gets that joke let me
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00017-00007547-00007831 know in the comments but now it's gonna
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00018-00007833-00008108 probably become a headman champ we just
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00019-00008109-00008539 fine now we called my boy remoraid which
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00020-00008540-00008780 we're probably going to replace with
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00021-00008781-00008989 star you which is the other body we
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00022-00008990-00009494 caught so yeah sorry is just a flat-out
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00023-00009495-00009917 better pokemon like no question about it
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00024-00009918-00010251 like star you is gonna be better in the
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00025-00010252-00011346 long run so all right let's go let me
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00026-00011347-00011790 check real quick the mac is working okay
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00027-00011791-00012170 it should be it should be so let's go on
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00028-00012171-00012426 I'm going to go through that cave I'm
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00029-00012427-00012765 gonna put my boy to the front I should
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00030-00012766-00013233 really heal my Pokemon yep I really
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00031-00013234-00014079 should let me go back and heal up there
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00032-00014080-00015516 we go there we go okay mosquito's damn
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00033-00015516-00015831 it all right all right I'm gonna train
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00034-00015832-00016185 up this boy this bad boy because I need
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00035-00016186-00016581 a water type like absolutely I need a
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00036-00016582-00016869 water type I need a switch in for this
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00037-00016870-00017477 fire types well I have two million but
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00038-00017478-00018638 it's kind of shaky it's a trainer like
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00039-00018639-00018921 okay this cave is dark and cold okay so
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00040-00018922-00019151 we're in a cave
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00041-00019152-00019427 I would expect you to have rock both
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00042-00019428-00020357 humor right so I can trim I star you on
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00043-00020358-00021124 point what else can I say what else oh
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00044-00021125-00021665 he predicts me to that prediction I'll
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00045-00021666-00022031 see how much shuttle sneak does who
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00046-00022032-00022340 that's some nice damage I'm gonna
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00047-00022341-00022751 scratch you I'd you tail whip it kind of
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00048-00022752-00023456 it hit me and now twister okay twister
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00049-00023457-00024248 gone good good good kak Leon Oh God is
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00050-00024249-00024686 saying it was so tough inning game I'm
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00051-00024687-00024887 gonna try Pegasus and see how it goes
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00052-00024888-00025352 because have a flame wheel plus Tom and
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00053-00025353-00025661 if I remember correctly kecleon has
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00054-00025662-00026754 color changing game yup let's go stomp
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00055-00026755-00027080 good good good thanks can I take one
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00056-00027081-00027777 more no shell speeds it was a speed tile
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00057-00027777-00028305 burn Oh gasps TKO not even bad nice one
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00058-00028306-00029083 nice one Pegasus goomy goomy goomy goomy
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00059-00029084-00029502 wait goomy I was thinking about gloom
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00060-00029502-00030176 hey goomy is a dragon let's give our
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00061-00030177-00031070 voiture million some love I'm sort haha
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00062-00031071-00031755 yeah that did one damage gone oh that is
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00063-00031756-00032383 quite bulky actually shame on you shame
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00064-00032384-00033074 on you I get paired anyway is becoming a
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00065-00033075-00033270 knight watch him go for protect for no
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00066-00033271-00033861 reason oh okay trying to make please you
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00067-00033862-00034474 please die now alright that works out
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00068-00034475-00034914 get it a little 19 I learn anything but
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00069-00034915-00035193 it's okay I'm all warmed up now all
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00070-00035194-00035655 right good for you let's use these where
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00071-00035656-00036174 it is it I don't have it I really do not
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00072-00036175-00036711 have paralyzed heal
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00073-00036712-00037770 I don't ok ok ok let's go on I don't
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00074-00037771-00038130 mind wild Pokemon let's see what we get
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00075-00038131-00038649 here we're gonna roll out now let's how
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00076-00038650-00039182 much to do what I can if I a one-shot
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00077-00039183-00039443 rough last this do you kill me with five
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00078-00039444-00039825 hits I think you do thankfully he
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00079-00039826-00040110 doesn't hit me five times and we get to
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00080-00040111-00040262 kill the sack of water gonna how much
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00081-00040263-00040677 experience though it's not really worth
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00082-00040678-00041168 it I'm going to use a potion I'm gonna
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00083-00041169-00041409 leave you start anyways let's see if
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00084-00041410-00041682 there's something I can do wait didn't
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00085-00041683-00042036 mean to open ok we're close the Sun
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00086-00042037-00042186 touch city so I'm just trained enough to
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00087-00042187-00042468 be ready for the gym oh yeah the gym is
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00088-00042469-00042796 santosh city it's the first gym right
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00089-00042797-00043571 and cham i think i can take you on i
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00090-00043572-00044061 have hardened I gotta go for harden so
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00091-00044062-00044333 much I take for from karate chop but
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00092-00044334-00044583 still does a butt ton I took harden then
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00093-00044584-00045204 recover our punch not gonna do much 33
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00094-00045205-00045585 hits recover I gotta do this bit of a
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00095-00045586-00046100 stalwart just to get him some experience
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00096-00046101-00046398 it's gonna take a while well let's see
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00097-00046399-00046983 Chris me which is likely I create I have
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00098-00046984-00047268 work out
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00099-00047269-00047965 okay I water gonna done recover I'm
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00100-00047966-00048523 thrust oh and I'm dead if I knew he had
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00101-00048524-00049434 arm thrust I wouldn't have done that ah
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00102-00049435-00049726 it's gonna oak Oh every single member of
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00103-00049727-00050407 my team please die full power yes that's
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00104-00050408-00050910 how we roll that's how we roll people
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00105-00050911-00051602 that case that's called electro ball
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00106-00051603-00051867 how's he called story is not too bad
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00107-00051869-00052063 because it did like the same damage
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00108-00052064-00053313 standard shot play nice yeah throw let's
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00109-00053314-00053911 test this electro ball real quick
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00110-00053912-00054834 did nothing hello bide okay so I'm gonna
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00111-00054835-00055365 t-wave you real quick
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00112-00055366-00055803 now I'm going into my boy Charmeleon
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00113-00055804-00056133 does and I never knew if chirp if has
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00114-00056134-00056559 called bide hits ghost types nope it
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00115-00056560-00057230 doesn't confuse ray ok nevermind focus
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00116-00057232-00057908 energy I need to confuse them come on
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00117-00057909-00058442 are you for real watch I'm gonna go for
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00118-00058444-00059082 twister and we'll hit how did i know now
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00119-00059083-00059328 i wanna try a few great and i'm going to
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00120-00059329-00059727 be parried see i know the future guys I
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00121-00059728-00061329 know the future I finally hit
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00122-00061330-00061961 must be nice at least that we get
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00123-00061962-00062380 something how many times did I get full
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00124-00062382-00063644 parrot how many thank you okay finally
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00125-00063645-00064286 we break through this damn throw
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00126-00064287-00064480 if you're a stronger gym leader I need
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00127-00064482-00064928 to train harder oh thank you but I don't
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00128-00064929-00065221 think so I need to feel loved Star you I
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00129-00065222-00065630 I need them alive for this cave because
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00130-00065631-00065978 I need to train it I can't go to the gym
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00131-00065979-00066357 battle gym battle with a level 14 * you
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00132-00066358-00066656 just can't I might train him a bit off
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00133-00066657-00066896 screen if you want or I'll speed up the
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00134-00066897-00067178 training process like I didn't take you
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00135-00067179-00067357 first 30 second episode or something
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00136-00067358-00068063 like that I sped up the training of
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00137-00068064-00068456 Pikachu I look was upset too not too
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00138-00068457-00068738 sure but yeah yeah should have been
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00139-00068739-00068972 episode 2 not like it matters though
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00140-00068973-00069257 because we got our already healed up and
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00141-00069258-00069581 are ready to take on the cave so let's
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00142-00069582-00069968 go and it takes a bit takes a bit of
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00143-00069969-00070172 time I'm not gonna lie i would have
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00144-00070173-00070397 preferred like a nurse at the end of
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00145-00070398-00070732 this route that's not too much it's
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00146-00070733-00071018 annoying special map when you have a
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00147-00071019-00071384 Pokemon this like this low leveled oh
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00148-00071385-00071719 it's close I'm dump I was gonna go to
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00149-00071720-00072161 the left oh I want this now actually but
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00150-00072162-00072587 it's cool it's cool to see Sableye I'll
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00151-00072588-00072832 see what he does
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00152-00072833-00073352 astonish then do too much I'm gonna try
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00153-00073353-00073784 and kill it is why not hey two more
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00154-00073785-00073988 first sight okay first sight all you
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00155-00073989-00074573 want is also dark tide there I might
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00156-00074574-00075301 want it there we go nice experience
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00157-00075302-00075680 camouflage I honestly don't remember
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00158-00075681-00075989 where camouflage does you scribes change
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00159-00075990-00076148 depending on the environment oh I don't
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00160-00076149-00076376 needed them what it was like reflect
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00161-00076377-00076838 type okay don't mind me then I'm going
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00162-00076839-00077147 to use a potion give you all the way
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00163-00077148-00077552 back up almost and we're ready to take
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00164-00077553-00077941 on the rest of the cave recced what
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00165-00077942-00078326 gentle man you insolent child we can't
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00166-00078327-00078551 just walk in front of me like that how
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00167-00078552-00079280 rude respect your elders hello prepare
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00168-00079281-00079467 to get blown back
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00169-00079468-00079913 Reimer all right all right I see you
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00170-00079914-00080282 buddy do we have anything to take on it
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00171-00080283-00081047 on this guy not really I'll stay in
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00172-00081048-00081378 water again like when star evolves we
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00173-00081379-00082131 will wait wait wait hello when you
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00174-00082132-00082344 pursued after you lowered my special
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00175-00082345-00082803 defense that makes zero sense whatever
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00176-00082804-00083181 floats your boat I'm gonna stay in and
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00177-00083182-00083349 no actually gonna stay in because is a
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00178-00083350-00083849 physical attacker all SES like T Bolt
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00179-00083850-00084234 for some reason don't kill me don't kill
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00180-00084235-00084642 me thank you thank you give me
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00181-00084643-00085362 experience grammar again okay that is
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00182-00085363-00085659 the real crime urban okay I'm gonna go
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00183-00085660-00086253 into my charm million or Pegasus or
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00184-00086254-00086540 tioga actually it's getting some love
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00185-00086541-00086906 should be a close to 17 right now
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00186-00086907-00087141 disabled what are you disabling my
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00187-00087142-00087429 friend faked you out and I got to do
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00188-00087430-00088054 anything but better than nothing right
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00189-00088055-00088675 okay no this has to this has to stop
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00190-00088676-00089303 Charmeleon and let's finish this sludge
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00191-00089304-00089851 0 whoa then actually did 5 damage ah
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00192-00089852-00090615 miss galore incoming
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00193-00090616-00091061 I am so done with this game of course
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00194-00091062-00091715 yes yes confuse ray great
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00195-00091716-00092255 nice i'm gonna shout a sneak I don't
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00196-00092256-00092584 miss which is nice hit yourself again
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00197-00092585-00093104 nice now I need either one hit yeah if
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00198-00093105-00093367 hit some salt now is that or his just
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00199-00093368-00093817 that like that good sorry you not bad
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00200-00093818-00094334 okay well I never remember what whoa I
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00201-00094335-00094649 gotta train harder yeah you do i'm gonna
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00202-00094650-00095060 use one more potion I'm not gonna go all
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00203-00095061-00095638 the way back sorry I'm just not okay go
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00204-00095639-00096074 this way okay this guy must have rock
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00205-00096075-00096353 Pokemon there are a variety of cool
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00206-00096354-00096473 human time some of them have different
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00207-00096474-00096665 powers I specials in rock-type pokemon
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00208-00096666-00096974 II can you take me down yes ma'am of
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00209-00096975-00097471 course unless you have thunderpunch
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00210-00097472-00097881 giggle is I'm now
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00211-00097882-00098182 of course you have the counter off
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00212-00098183-00098749 course this man just set up stealth raag
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00213-00098750-00099253 this guy's not playing around okay um
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00214-00099254-00099666 too does he kill me I do not think so i
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00215-00099667-00100562 can harden
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00216-00100563-00101521 and harden again or recover harden again
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00217-00101522-00102044 almost killed me okay now recover and it
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00218-00102045-00102347 should be enough health to live okay you
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00219-00102348-00102596 still drop all you want i can what again
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00220-00102597-00102790 three times if it decides to buy it
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00221-00102791-00103352 stomp not gonna do much yes we won they
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00222-00103353-00104105 won the deterrent that's great
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00223-00104106-00104531 can I take on the next guy Kabuto I
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00224-00104532-00105030 think so I think so I have ten water
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00225-00105031-00105806 gangster absorb I gotta switch out I
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00226-00105807-00106014 gotta recover and that's reach out
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00227-00106015-00107060 actually harden wait I can spin I'm not
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00228-00107061-00107591 gonna waste the chance I want to spit
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00229-00107592-00107885 this I don't know guys I've always
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00230-00107886-00108120 wanted to do that I don't know why I've
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00231-00108121-00108300 never thought I used for a rapid spin in
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00232-00108301-00108752 game now I did I'm so proud of myself I
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00233-00108753-00109182 don't even know my skin is this guy it's
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00234-00109183-00109527 going to all John Jack Lee or me
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00235-00109528-00110376 whatever leech seed did zero leash
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00236-00110377-00110802 seating good good good all right I'm
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00237-00110803-00111360 gonna reflect up
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00238-00111361-00111821 and i'm gonna offer or it's just a bit
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00239-00111822-00112279 of damage you know
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00240-00112280-00112603 so next turn he should be dead with the
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00241-00112604-00112867 combination of opera and leech seed and
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00242-00112868-00113242 he just keeps leering so all right now
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00243-00113243-00113773 it's not that actually almost yeah he
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00244-00113774-00114352 does actually absorb but it's dead
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00245-00114353-00115187 good job let's go all 17 yes what time
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00246-00115188-00115762 do you think is the best well arguably
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00247-00115763-00116058 annually in truth introduce fairy-type
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00248-00116058-00116699 but I wouldn't know my friend I'm gonna
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00249-00116700-00116861 lead tie rogue this time because i
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00250-00116862-00117308 wanted to level up a bit I'm so rich I'm
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00251-00117309-00117657 sure on my own Kingdom one day I'll fill
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00252-00117658-00117845 it with potent of all types except maybe
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00253-00117846-00119149 I stipes what rude this man is a Jolteon
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00254-00119150-00119762 then take nothing click attack well
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00255-00119763-00120175 that's better than t boult I'm doing 0 I
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00256-00120176-00120683 gotta switch the hell out of here how am
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00257-00120684-00120899 I supposed to deal with jolteon except
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00258-00120900-00121388 sure million gotta shock that's a button
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00259-00121389-00121691 are you kidding me shadows like should
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00260-00121692-00122342 do it on though that's not a ton
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00261-00122343-00122893 and I'm gonna miss this twister or not I
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00262-00122894-00123413 need to shadow sneaks what a great book
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00263-00123414-00124030 I hate you Jolteon I don't miss yes I
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00264-00124031-00124472 find a missed for a second well 20 not
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00265-00124473-00125498 bad flareon I want my 13 oh I'm gonna
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00266-00125499-00125911 switch it in any way
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00267-00125913-00126603 I never recover and see what happens
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00268-00126604-00127626 I hate life yes as absurd as that sounds
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00269-00127627-00127878 I'm going to switch all john jack into a
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00270-00127879-00128585 Flareon to leech seed mmm that maybe
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00271-00128586-00129221 wasn't the smartest idea what can you do
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00272-00129222-00129624 my author plan was Charmeleon so it's
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00273-00129625-00130358 not like it's any better so I'm gonna go
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00274-00130359-00131226 into tyro get at least I resist bite Wow
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00275-00131227-00131514 okay go to fake out just so you get
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00276-00131515-00132066 leech seed back good now I gotta stitch
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00277-00132067-00132450 out again I'm gonna go to Pegasus maybe
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00278-00132451-00133256 flash fire please maybe there we go and
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00279-00133257-00133827 I'm gonna flame wheel real quick yeah
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00280-00133828-00134487 flash fire too I am dumb
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00281-00134488-00134998 that is found please good and that's a
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00282-00134999-00135276 bleach see but it's ok anyway ok so we
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00283-00135277-00135826 get some experience but poor yawn i'm
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00284-00135827-00136045 going to elgin Jack and I'm gonna use a
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00285-00136046-00136515 potion on him because it can't take a
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00286-00136516-00136941 quick attack I don't think actually
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00287-00136942-00137513 might I need to use a super potion yep
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00288-00137514-00137877 big attack no that wouldn't have killed
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00289-00137878-00138385 me well I'm gonna leave seed that data
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00290-00138386-00139350 time Wow Kimmy HP yo it does so much
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00291-00139351-00139822 never reflect up just in case because I
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00292-00139823-00140327 mean I'm gonna take those you know those
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00293-00140328-00140733 quick attacks better I'm gonna hypnosis
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00294-00140734-00141361 there we go there we go ok so now I get
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00295-00141362-00141622 back HP I know it's kind of stoli guys
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00296-00141623-00141811 but I wouldn't my pokemon to get
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00297-00141812-00142375 experience so I don't uproar just to not
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00298-00142376-00142996 wake it up ok and now do I uproar I up
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00299-00142997-00143484 or get played
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00300-00143485-00143879 okay so now I win one hundred percent
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00301-00143880-00144255 okay try to make the best blaze even
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00302-00144256-00144537 with offline I shouldn't miss up or I
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00303-00144538-00144855 don't think you can miss supper okay and
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00304-00144856-00145116 next turn you're dead so all good all
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00305-00145117-00145896 good there we go I actually missed opera
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00306-00145897-00146316 so guys you can't miss it here's the
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00307-00146317-00146927 proof little 17 whoa bullets here
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00308-00146928-00147552 finally stab its physical but whatever
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00309-00147553-00147903 better than uproar and doesn't because
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00310-00147904-00148122 I'm a conflict with good as called
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00311-00148123-00148370 hypnosis
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00312-00148371-00148654 Avila lose I'm rich yeah you're rich you
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00313-00148655-00149008 can't buy skills well actually you can
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00314-00149009-00150064 hashtag csgo but okay oh that's an item
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00315-00150065-00150379 I thought it was like a random over word
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00316-00150380-00151054 thing Whismur I actually don't mind the
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00317-00151055-00151394 idea of an exploding game magnets so
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00318-00151395-00151622 we're gonna get that Pikachu real quick
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00319-00151623-00152290 I don't evolve pick at you soon to be
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00320-00152291-00152657 fair because wait who's dead ah style
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00321-00152658-00153209 yeah only got the item so that's pretty
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00322-00153210-00153703 good this cave is long ago I really
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00323-00153704-00154121 thought it was shorter to be honest to
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00324-00154122-00154713 have repels I think I do
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00325-00154714-00155071 Magnemite this would probably be a
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00326-00155072-00155659 better oh come on did you really have to
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00327-00155660-00156319 I mean if you paralyze a charmeleon too
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00328-00156320-00157033 I'm done
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00329-00157034-00157640 thank you I'm gonna put a butcher
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00330-00157641-00158120 million in front up front let's see how
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00331-00158121-00158558 propel yep there we go let's see what's
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00332-00158559-00159416 up here great fall let's go nothing else
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00333-00159417-00160004 actually yep I just want to see what
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00334-00160005-00160495 what's next in this cave nothing okay
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00335-00160496-00160850 yeah i'm using up one more repel ok so
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00336-00160851-00161300 there's the exit ok so i'm gonna heal up
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00337-00161301-00161582 in this town oh we're ready into town ok
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00338-00161583-00161927 no no routes that's good i'm gonna heal
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00339-00161928-00162494 up leave what's that I'm gonna beat that
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00340-00162495-00163256 trainer then come back here gypsy
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00341-00163257-00163433 deterrent region aren't usual only based
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00342-00163434-00163586 around types that you shall have a theme
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00343-00163587-00163835 the leaf for the other hand I heard
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00344-00163836-00163994 their teams are crazy I couldn't even
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00345-00163995-00164423 pretend to comprehend I remember around
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00346-00164424-00164588 20 years ago when mega evolutions were
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00347-00164589-00164810 first being discovered how times have
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00348-00164811-00165008 changed we discovered so many new ones
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00349-00165009-00165188 and key stones are almost common at this
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00350-00165189-00165466 point i wish i could get my hands on one
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00351-00165467-00165716 you're a kid how do you remember things
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00352-00165717-00166457 from not gonna question ok so what is
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00353-00166458-00166893 this
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00354-00166894-00167788 it just fades I assume as whoa that it
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00355-00167789-00168403 will we or wowie that is one huge stage
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00356-00168404-00168876 here I'm not good enough squirts whoa
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00357-00168877-00169192 okay that's what he meant his last large
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00358-00169193-00169519 stadia of the auger sign reads gern how
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00359-00169520-00169666 do you pronounce that name let me know
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00360-00169667-00169987 please the second auger may his hits be
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00361-00169988-00170241 critical and his focus blasts never miss
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00362-00170242-00170836 that is so cool my favorite program this
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00363-00170837-00171010 Jigglypuff you show me a gigolo give you
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00364-00171011-00171370 something cool okay in a region like
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00365-00171371-00171565 ours where terrorists cults are running
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00366-00171566-00171760 about I think it's best in all those who
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00367-00171761-00171988 right I'll see I'm more sure to keep
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00368-00171989-00172195 some basic info by the five main codes
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00369-00172196-00172477 memorized all right let's check out
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00370-00172478-00172864 those houses heard there was a guy in
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00371-00172865-00173094 matchy town was given our secret bases
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00372-00173095-00173454 that's not bad alright thanks for the
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00373-00173455-00173659 info I've been steady Pokemon reading if
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00374-00173660-00173829 you show me a togepi maybe I could give
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00375-00173830-00174040 you something in return okay but I don't
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00376-00174041-00174640 have one about here you shouldn't worry
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00377-00174641-00174862 about using foot one that other people
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00378-00174863-00175051 consider stronger no matter how weak
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00379-00175052-00175285 that both the pecan may seem there's
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00380-00175286-00175474 almost always a strategy that lets you
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00381-00175475-00175861 win with it okay I heard is that you
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00382-00175862-00176035 don't need a champ items to go around
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00383-00176036-00176241 the tauren region but also heard a rock
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00384-00176242-00176485 smashable rocks are pushing and pushing
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00385-00176486-00176701 boulders or lying around the region too
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00386-00176702-00176950 I wonder could use a lot of moves inside
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00387-00176951-00177160 of a champs can move like break break
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00388-00177161-00177445 break rocks I think they can because
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00389-00177446-00177882 I've heard about it from other NPCs so
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00390-00177883-00178093 certain pokemon you just don't to evolve
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00391-00178094-00178602 I know that oh thank you that is yo
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00392-00178603-00178933 thanks and that's why you talk to NPCs
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00393-00178934-00179154 people I've taken out on our gym leader
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00394-00179155-00179353 or yet you need a spatula surf across
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00395-00179354-00179548 bodies of water it's not only important
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00396-00179549-00179737 okay so you get surf
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00397-00179738-00180037 the first badge phonetic out of some
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00398-00180038-00180238 type CD you may serve but I heard you
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00399-00180239-00180448 could get a replacement for the HM
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00400-00180449-00180859 somewhere or it is gone Helius city
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00401-00180860-00181000 ourselves an animal i see about boca
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00402-00181001-00181657 minute ago by trading that's perfect
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00403-00181658-00182052 I could up caught a ghastly it's
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00404-00182053-00182229 a minute imaginative but it's damn good
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00405-00182230-00182763 growler so he's 11 okay what about you
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00406-00182764-00182983 Aaron's a very tricky gym leader to face
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00407-00182984-00183153 is supposed to be a fire type but that's
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00408-00183154-00183325 not the only type of seen him use okay
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00409-00183326-00183556 so he's a fire type are you here to
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00410-00183557-00183787 fight the Sun touch city gym whatever I
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00411-00183788-00184002 would be found there I promise proud for
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00412-00184003-00184486 perfectly safe ok on the fan ok that fan
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00413-00184487-00184732 I suppose I'm not going there yet I need
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00414-00184733-00185200 to talk to people i just ate you about
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00415-00185201-00185478 you multiple levels when it's on the
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00416-00185479-00185668 ground and over with way up in the
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00417-00185669-00185916 clouds ok i think it checked everything
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00418-00185917-00186646 down here no hidden items yep no hidden
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00419-00186647-00187256 items that's weird i watch you
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00420-00187257-00187499 oh yeah you're the chiclet off girl okay
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00421-00187500-00187687 so we're gonna go upstairs and see what
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00422-00187688-00188515 happens upstairs whoa this is pretty
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00423-00188516-00188974 cool yo you want some of this that's
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00424-00188975-00189260 fine thanks bro hey if it is safe now
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00425-00189261-00189862 right sure man isn't it disappointing at
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00426-00189863-00190063 the beam burn cuts a physical attack but
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00427-00190064-00190208 nothing happens when you're poisoned
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00428-00190209-00190568 that seems a bit unfair to me yeah maybe
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00429-00190569-00190954 that should have your special attack
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00430-00190955-00191275 that will be Opie for a lipid I heard
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00431-00191276-00191447 the director in the broadcast towers
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00432-00191448-00191660 looking for some help of field work if
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00433-00191661-00191921 you're looking for something to do sure
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00434-00191922-00192301 man I heard it poke him all the car you
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00435-00192302-00192461 can learn a lot about you just by
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00436-00192462-00192688 looking at your aura it scares me if
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00437-00192689-00192841 Trina has Lucario could you read my mind
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00438-00192842-00193075 no they can't well there have you heard
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00439-00193076-00193847 of flash moves yeah okay ah fire pledge
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00440-00193848-00194890 Oh cuter million I'll see if the
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00441-00194891-00195146 starting little butterflies yeah that's
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00442-00195147-00195620 what I fought okay so I'm just gonna
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00443-00195621-00195961 check some houses out where is a freaky
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00444-00195962-00196283 weirdo they see he's best friends with a
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00445-00196284-00196599 rock that talks that's not normal is it
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00446-00196600-00196808 that tree book he won't trade you my
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00447-00196809-00197191 narrow for a butterfree how am I
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00448-00197192-00197416 supposed to get a butterfree man I want
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00449-00197417-00197626 to talk to me sorry i will talk to real
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00450-00197627-00198127 traders oh this grain wants me to prove
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00451-00198128-00198422 that I can beat the gym her the director
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00452-00198423-00198644 brockton oh yeah broadcast tower okay
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00453-00198645-00198901 I'm gonna go to broadcast tower and see
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00454-00198902-00199489 what's really good welcome to San touch
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00455-00199490-00200006 City broadcast our whatever starting up
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00456-00200007-00200387 a new program all right
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00457-00200388-00201081 yeah I have a delta Pokemon okay sure
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00458-00201082-00201741 yeah all right let's see what the
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00459-00201742-00203160 director says but my boy yeah sorry if
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00460-00203161-00203286 I'm not reading but it's really not
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00461-00203287-00203898 worth it you can read it alongside okay
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00462-00203899-00204464 okay yes I'm willing to help take him
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00463-00204465-00204720 this kid seems to be a trainer boss they
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00464-00204721-00204967 said it's wanting to help okay Diddy
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00465-00204969-00205248 what's your name work very well then 80
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00466-00205248-00205494 I'm going to make your star self aiming
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00467-00205494-00205714 to all adepts it right away let's begin
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00468-00205715-00206061 what is this here's the deal let oh you
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00469-00206062-00206273 want to be a movie start a hero I heard
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00470-00206275-00206433 reports of a rare program in the area
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00471-00206434-00206714 Axew or something to be honest we
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00472-00206715-00206867 couldn't care less problem is we've been
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00473-00206869-00207078 through the grass talents of time so we
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00474-00207079-00207323 couldn't find any polycom things like we
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00475-00207325-00207590 dolor catapres or chiropractor kara p no
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00476-00207591-00207807 excuse we've got helicopters everywhere
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00477-00207808-00208062 in the area all all in to do is your
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00478-00208063-00208238 skills at training to find an axiom
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00479-00208239-00208437 battle it you can kill it capture
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00480-00208438-00208662 whatever just badly when it footage
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00481-00208663-00209421 footage all right so where the heck are
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00482-00209421-00209955 we by the way no we're we're somewhere
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00483-00209956-00210517 oh yeah I could capture it like why not
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00484-00210519-00211257 have yeah i still have my balls um okay
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00485-00211258-00211898 so oh there's more it's so big I no
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00486-00211900-00212348 items though that's a shame kind of try
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00487-00212350-00212798 and look for one here
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00488-00212800-00213630 well that was easy he shouldn't kill one
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00489-00213631-00214471 head whatever
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00490-00214473-00215882 uh let me really come on guys only one
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00491-00215883-00216034 that asks you if I did there where
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00492-00216035-00216683 multiple ones okay we're fantastic great
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00493-00216684-00217123 work all right Oh gimme money give me
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00494-00217125-00217364 that money all right our guy all right
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00495-00217365-00217609 all right all right I feel you I feel
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00496-00217610-00218846 you okay nothing here though there's
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00497-00218846-00219041 nothing more to this I think I'm gonna
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00498-00219042-00219631 end the episode here oh here's the gym I
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00499-00219632-00219848 don't think we're ready for it though
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00500-00219848-00220025 and we still haven't battled that the
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00501-00220026-00220246 trainer down there so what I'm gonna do
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00502-00220248-00220904 guys I'm gonna go battle the trainer I'm
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00503-00220905-00221075 gonna go battle that trainer and decayed
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00504-00221076-00221398 and then I'm gonna end the episode and
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00505-00221400-00221780 next next episode we're gonna get to
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00506-00221781-00222116 fight the gym I'm gonna probably trained
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00507-00222117-00222529 off-screen if that's ok let me know I
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00508-00222530-00222892 don't know i probably will though
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00509-00222894-00223252 because i need to
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00510-00223253-00223810 whoa that's a nice Pokemon how are you
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00511-00223811-00224185 um is a great is a great bond and i
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00512-00224186-00224635 don't know i already have thai robes so
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00513-00224636-00224851 they should really make the stairs
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00514-00224852-00225436 accessible from behind whatever there
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00515-00225437-00225719 are a lot of artists who loved sketching
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00516-00225721-00225928 mountains and ocean i think it can be
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00517-00225929-00226108 just as beautiful underground as it is
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00518-00226109-00226438 up top you're right yeah right you're
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00519-00226439-00226636 absolutely right where it's just a
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00520-00226637-00227128 miracle how more obvious than that could
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00521-00227129-00227860 could it be let's not do much this meant
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00522-00227861-00228181 setting up rocks oh this guy got the
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00523-00228182-00228913 Moody though is he for real this guy's
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00524-00228914-00229477 actually for real you lower this evasion
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00525-00229478-00230014 boom
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00526-00230015-00230675 you
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00527-00230676-00231455 I got blown back tell me he has dark
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00528-00231456-00232533 bulls and I am done
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00529-00232534-00233905 he has called mine
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00530-00233906-00234248 thankfully his dead unless he boosts the
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00531-00234248-00234952 fence Lord its accuracy okay I'm gonna
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00532-00234953-00235556 scratch ok switch out of all your boosts
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00533-00235557-00236036 that's fine with me raised accuracy
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00534-00236037-00236258 lower special defense i'm going to
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00535-00236259-00236594 scratch good good good ok i can kill an
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00536-00236594-00236975 out twister man that was scary boom
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00537-00236976-00237935 burst are you kidding me this guy blew
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00538-00237936-00238583 me away ok we got the trainer i wanted
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00539-00238584-00238784 some experience first are you but guess
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00540-00238785-00239519 not screech paint about the life so i'm
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00541-00239519-00239675 going to go back to the city and then
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00542-00239676-00240123 and the episode there probably yeah
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00543-00240125-00240509 because let's be real well we're already
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00544-00240510-00241156 almost 40 minutes i'm gonna heal up and
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00545-00241157-00241454 next episode we're going to start in
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00546-00241455-00242366 front of the gym how about that alright
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00547-00242367-00242702 guys so this was episode 6 i hope you
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00548-00242703-00243113 enjoyed it and if you did shouldn't you
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00549-00243114-00243308 like if you didn't shoot me a dislike
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00550-00243309-00243548 that's all right guys just shoot me a
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00551-00243548-00243742 comment down below so i can know if you
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00552-00243744-00243946 liked it or you're dead and you may like
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00553-00243948-00244267 try and help me to improve this let's
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00554-00244269-00244415 play because i really love you guys I
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00555-00244416-00244589 really love the support you're giving me
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00556-00244590-00244823 it's not too much I would prefer more
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00557-00244823-00245366 comments but how can I do so if you want
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00558-00245367-00245750 to see more subscribe and see you guys
+-KSVjI_8l0Y-00559-00245751-00246185 next time peace
+-L40fBo0qoY-00000-00000088-00000262 right we should be we should be
+-L40fBo0qoY-00001-00000263-00000359 recording our call
+-L40fBo0qoY-00002-00000360-00000543 so welcome to the second open life
+-L40fBo0qoY-00003-00000544-00000719 science cohort call
+-L40fBo0qoY-00004-00000720-00000943 um as a reminder we have a code of
+-L40fBo0qoY-00005-00000944-00001119 conduct uh in the heck md
+-L40fBo0qoY-00006-00001120-00001278 if you're looking um and you have it in
+-L40fBo0qoY-00007-00001279-00001478 the edit mode then you should be able to
+-L40fBo0qoY-00008-00001479-00001663 see a link to the code of conduct online
+-L40fBo0qoY-00009-00001664-00001775 114
+-L40fBo0qoY-00010-00001776-00001991 right now or that that may change if
+-L40fBo0qoY-00011-00001992-00002183 people add their names in
+-L40fBo0qoY-00012-00002184-00002575 uh or your icebreakers and as a general
+-L40fBo0qoY-00013-00002576-00002710 rule this means that you need to treat
+-L40fBo0qoY-00014-00002711-00002863 one another with the respect that you
+-L40fBo0qoY-00015-00002864-00003023 would like to be treated
+-L40fBo0qoY-00016-00003024-00003224 kindly thoughtfully and
+-L40fBo0qoY-00017-00003225-00003335 [Music]
+-L40fBo0qoY-00018-00003336-00003551 there's a lot more to it so please do go
+-L40fBo0qoY-00019-00003552-00003759 click and read through that
+-L40fBo0qoY-00020-00003760-00003951 but if at any point you feel like you
+-L40fBo0qoY-00021-00003952-00004127 have either witnessed or experienced a
+-L40fBo0qoY-00022-00004128-00004319 violation of any kind
+-L40fBo0qoY-00023-00004320-00004606 then you can report this so there is
+-L40fBo0qoY-00024-00004607-00004767 reporting guidelines you can either go
+-L40fBo0qoY-00025-00004768-00004999 to team at openlifeside.org
+-L40fBo0qoY-00026-00005000-00005295 that reaches myself melvika and also
+-L40fBo0qoY-00027-00005296-00005383 bernie esper
+-L40fBo0qoY-00028-00005384-00005591 the three open life science uh
+-L40fBo0qoY-00029-00005592-00005743 co-founders
+-L40fBo0qoY-00030-00005744-00006054 but if some reason you need to approach
+-L40fBo0qoY-00031-00006055-00006247 one of us directly let's say for example
+-L40fBo0qoY-00032-00006248-00006454 if it was one of us who
+-L40fBo0qoY-00033-00006455-00006710 then you can also email us directly i'm
+-L40fBo0qoY-00034-00006711-00006927 just gonna put everyone on mute very
+-L40fBo0qoY-00035-00006928-00006991 quickly
+-L40fBo0qoY-00036-00006992-00007167 that just helps to make sure that we
+-L40fBo0qoY-00037-00007168-00007327 don't get any background noises coming
+-L40fBo0qoY-00038-00007328-00007495 in
+-L40fBo0qoY-00039-00007495-00007727 uh no i just unmute it all that's
+-L40fBo0qoY-00040-00007728-00008087 exactly wrong
+-L40fBo0qoY-00041-00008088-00008287 right okay everyone except me should be
+-L40fBo0qoY-00042-00008288-00008399 muted now
+-L40fBo0qoY-00043-00008400-00008663 um so this is just a quick sort of
+-L40fBo0qoY-00044-00008664-00008871 online um etiquette thing it's helpful
+-L40fBo0qoY-00045-00008872-00008951 to leave the
+-L40fBo0qoY-00046-00008952-00009183 phone on me not the phone the audio on
+-L40fBo0qoY-00047-00009184-00009271 mute
+-L40fBo0qoY-00048-00009272-00009551 um and it's still fine to talk and just
+-L40fBo0qoY-00049-00009552-00009695 make sure that unmute and then remove
+-L40fBo0qoY-00050-00009696-00009774 when you're done
+-L40fBo0qoY-00051-00009775-00009991 um just to make sure that we don't get
+-L40fBo0qoY-00052-00009992-00010142 any trucks driving by
+-L40fBo0qoY-00053-00010143-00010335 or um cats yelling that it's time to
+-L40fBo0qoY-00054-00010336-00010567 feed me or whatever it may be
+-L40fBo0qoY-00055-00010568-00010942 um so one other note
+-L40fBo0qoY-00056-00010943-00011151 is if you look at line one two three
+-L40fBo0qoY-00057-00011152-00011255 there is also
+-L40fBo0qoY-00058-00011256-00011438 audio transcription and i'm just going
+-L40fBo0qoY-00059-00011439-00011614 to paste this in the chat as well
+-L40fBo0qoY-00060-00011615-00011806 because saying verbally that there is
+-L40fBo0qoY-00061-00011807-00012031 transcription will not work
+-L40fBo0qoY-00062-00012032-00012255 in some ways logically so that just
+-L40fBo0qoY-00063-00012256-00012399 means that if you want if you're having
+-L40fBo0qoY-00064-00012400-00012727 trouble following along
+-L40fBo0qoY-00065-00012728-00012802 thanks jess
+-L40fBo0qoY-00066-00012803-00013079 [Laughter]
+-L40fBo0qoY-00067-00013080-00013286 sorry i'm distracted now um yes so that
+-L40fBo0qoY-00068-00013287-00013447 you can follow along by reading what
+-L40fBo0qoY-00069-00013447-00013599 we're saying as well as
+-L40fBo0qoY-00070-00013600-00013943 also just listening um so
+-L40fBo0qoY-00071-00013944-00014175 we have a new co-host who will be
+-L40fBo0qoY-00072-00014176-00014311 helping us out for the
+-L40fBo0qoY-00073-00014312-00014551 um calls in the future emmy can i get
+-L40fBo0qoY-00074-00014552-00014719 just get you to give us a quick wave and
+-L40fBo0qoY-00075-00014719-00015079 hi
+-L40fBo0qoY-00076-00015080-00015383 looking for the um hi everyone
+-L40fBo0qoY-00077-00015384-00015686 super excited to be here um super happy
+-L40fBo0qoY-00078-00015687-00015791 to be joining
+-L40fBo0qoY-00079-00015791-00016127 open life science um really hoping to be
+-L40fBo0qoY-00080-00016128-00016199 learning from
+-L40fBo0qoY-00081-00016200-00016455 y'all um in the next couple of weeks uh
+-L40fBo0qoY-00082-00016456-00016622 please let me know if i don't make any
+-L40fBo0qoY-00083-00016623-00016783 sense when
+-L40fBo0qoY-00084-00016784-00017094 i co-host in the future hopefully but i
+-L40fBo0qoY-00085-00017095-00017286 have great people to learn from yo
+-L40fBo0qoY-00086-00017287-00017567 mavica and berenice so yeah glad to be
+-L40fBo0qoY-00087-00017568-00017630 here and
+-L40fBo0qoY-00088-00017631-00017871 excited to see what everyone's up to in
+-L40fBo0qoY-00089-00017872-00018086 everyone's thoughts
+-L40fBo0qoY-00090-00018087-00018271 thanks emmy we're delighted to have you
+-L40fBo0qoY-00091-00018272-00018471 here so um
+-L40fBo0qoY-00092-00018472-00018663 when we were running ols one emmy was
+-L40fBo0qoY-00093-00018664-00018855 actually running a very similar program
+-L40fBo0qoY-00094-00018856-00018999 through e-life
+-L40fBo0qoY-00095-00019000-00019214 um but she's moved on to a new job now
+-L40fBo0qoY-00096-00019215-00019358 so she's hopped over to help us
+-L40fBo0qoY-00097-00019359-00019591 with rls instead which we are absolutely
+-L40fBo0qoY-00098-00019592-00019694 delighted about
+-L40fBo0qoY-00099-00019695-00020071 so she is another fantastic open science
+-L40fBo0qoY-00100-00020072-00020119 uh
+-L40fBo0qoY-00101-00020120-00020503 expert to be chatting with um
+-L40fBo0qoY-00102-00020504-00020783 let me see okay we have uh introductions
+-L40fBo0qoY-00103-00020784-00020919 so for anyone who
+-L40fBo0qoY-00104-00020920-00021103 um wasn't able to make it to the last
+-L40fBo0qoY-00105-00021104-00021230 call we'd love to give you a quick
+-L40fBo0qoY-00106-00021231-00021367 chance just to introduce
+-L40fBo0qoY-00107-00021368-00021671 introduce yourself uh so right now
+-L40fBo0qoY-00108-00021672-00022022 the introductions queue is on line 144
+-L40fBo0qoY-00109-00022023-00022311 it's migrating it's now 148. so if you
+-L40fBo0qoY-00110-00022312-00022463 haven't heard the chance please hop over
+-L40fBo0qoY-00111-00022464-00022630 there and feel free to add your name
+-L40fBo0qoY-00112-00022631-00022783 into the roll call and i'm just going to
+-L40fBo0qoY-00113-00022784-00022878 work through an
+-L40fBo0qoY-00114-00022879-00023047 order uh by the way is there anything
+-L40fBo0qoY-00115-00023048-00023286 i've missed or are we good
+-L40fBo0qoY-00116-00023287-00023471 no okay i have a head shake from our v
+-L40fBo0qoY-00117-00023472-00023686 brilliant okay so in that case
+-L40fBo0qoY-00118-00023687-00023942 um i will ask just in like a couple of
+-L40fBo0qoY-00119-00023943-00024007 sentences
+-L40fBo0qoY-00120-00024008-00024247 just share who you are and what you do
+-L40fBo0qoY-00121-00024248-00024350 while you're here
+-L40fBo0qoY-00122-00024351-00024614 um and i will pass it on first of all to
+-L40fBo0qoY-00123-00024615-00025103 danny
+-L40fBo0qoY-00124-00025104-00025430 hi um yeah the uh the other time
+-L40fBo0qoY-00125-00025431-00025678 is uh is when i'm sleeping so i uh i
+-L40fBo0qoY-00126-00025679-00025831 won't be going to those ones but uh so
+-L40fBo0qoY-00127-00025832-00025983 i'm really excited to be here for the
+-L40fBo0qoY-00128-00025983-00026087 first time
+-L40fBo0qoY-00129-00026088-00026414 um i work in a um
+-L40fBo0qoY-00130-00026416-00026646 in a macaque neurophysiology lab in
+-L40fBo0qoY-00131-00026647-00026767 washington dc
+-L40fBo0qoY-00132-00026768-00026943 at the national institutes of health
+-L40fBo0qoY-00133-00026944-00027079 technically in maryland but i live in
+-L40fBo0qoY-00134-00027080-00027214 washington dc
+-L40fBo0qoY-00135-00027216-00027590 um and my specialism is in color science
+-L40fBo0qoY-00136-00027591-00027774 i work out why and how
+-L40fBo0qoY-00137-00027775-00028087 primates and other animals see color
+-L40fBo0qoY-00138-00028088-00028407 super excited to be to be here uh
+-L40fBo0qoY-00139-00028408-00028711 yeah oh project um
+-L40fBo0qoY-00140-00028712-00028887 the uh the experiment that i'm working
+-L40fBo0qoY-00141-00028888-00028990 on at the moment we're trying to make it
+-L40fBo0qoY-00142-00028991-00029151 into a registered report
+-L40fBo0qoY-00143-00029152-00029327 and registered reports aren't really a
+-L40fBo0qoY-00144-00029327-00029483 thing that happens in primate
+-L40fBo0qoY-00145-00029483-00029607 neurophysiology
+-L40fBo0qoY-00146-00029608-00029918 um so we're trying to expand that into a
+-L40fBo0qoY-00147-00029919-00030023 kind of
+-L40fBo0qoY-00148-00030024-00030190 why is that not a thing how can we make
+-L40fBo0qoY-00149-00030191-00030343 it be a thing how
+-L40fBo0qoY-00150-00030344-00030558 who do we talk to to to work out why
+-L40fBo0qoY-00151-00030560-00030655 it's not a thing
+-L40fBo0qoY-00152-00030656-00031270 yeah that's that's a broad introduction
+-L40fBo0qoY-00153-00031272-00031583 awesome okay uh next up
+-L40fBo0qoY-00154-00031583-00031951 uh well the lines have hopped away um
+-L40fBo0qoY-00155-00031952-00032207 scroll down okay neja and did i
+-L40fBo0qoY-00156-00032208-00032535 pronounce your name correctly
+-L40fBo0qoY-00157-00032536-00032790 hey everyone um it's pronounced neha so
+-L40fBo0qoY-00158-00032791-00032999 you're close enough
+-L40fBo0qoY-00159-00033000-00033335 um yeah so hi everybody i'm neha
+-L40fBo0qoY-00160-00033336-00033646 um well i kind of fell
+-L40fBo0qoY-00161-00033647-00033902 into open life science too so it's super
+-L40fBo0qoY-00162-00033903-00033990 exciting
+-L40fBo0qoY-00163-00033991-00034190 but it also just happened completely at
+-L40fBo0qoY-00164-00034191-00034390 random so i'm just like
+-L40fBo0qoY-00165-00034391-00034646 what what is going on um i'm going to be
+-L40fBo0qoY-00166-00034647-00034774 working on the
+-L40fBo0qoY-00167-00034775-00035015 um embedding accessibility in the
+-L40fBo0qoY-00168-00035016-00035127 touring way
+-L40fBo0qoY-00169-00035128-00035374 project i was started by another
+-L40fBo0qoY-00170-00035375-00035502 applicant puja
+-L40fBo0qoY-00171-00035503-00035711 where she unfortunately can't continue
+-L40fBo0qoY-00172-00035712-00035879 with it but
+-L40fBo0qoY-00173-00035880-00036183 through some recommendations and
+-L40fBo0qoY-00174-00036184-00036462 pure luck um here i am and i'm super
+-L40fBo0qoY-00175-00036463-00036655 excited to um take over
+-L40fBo0qoY-00176-00036656-00036911 and help push this uh project forward
+-L40fBo0qoY-00177-00036912-00037023 along with paul who is going to
+-L40fBo0qoY-00178-00037024-00037239 introduce himself
+-L40fBo0qoY-00179-00037240-00037559 i work as a data manager at the etheric
+-L40fBo0qoY-00180-00037560-00037735 university library that's in the
+-L40fBo0qoY-00181-00037736-00037839 netherlands
+-L40fBo0qoY-00182-00037840-00038143 and well i've just been involved in open
+-L40fBo0qoY-00183-00038144-00038295 science just on and off
+-L40fBo0qoY-00184-00038296-00038527 um not so much as a researcher well as a
+-L40fBo0qoY-00185-00038528-00038671 researcher for a while
+-L40fBo0qoY-00186-00038672-00038927 um have a master's degree but uh but now
+-L40fBo0qoY-00187-00038928-00039095 i just really help
+-L40fBo0qoY-00188-00039096-00039318 other researchers to just make their
+-L40fBo0qoY-00189-00039319-00039455 data as open
+-L40fBo0qoY-00190-00039456-00039655 and fair as possible if you've heard
+-L40fBo0qoY-00191-00039656-00039846 about that uh and yeah i'm
+-L40fBo0qoY-00192-00039847-00040071 it's really excited to work on this
+-L40fBo0qoY-00193-00040072-00040230 project and also just improve my
+-L40fBo0qoY-00194-00040231-00040479 open leadership skills along the way and
+-L40fBo0qoY-00195-00040480-00040655 to get to know you all better
+-L40fBo0qoY-00196-00040656-00040839 i like i said i just kind of dropped in
+-L40fBo0qoY-00197-00040840-00041055 some bit like i don't know what is what
+-L40fBo0qoY-00198-00041056-00041230 but i hope to catch up with you all very
+-L40fBo0qoY-00199-00041231-00041543 soon
+-L40fBo0qoY-00200-00041544-00041767 amazing thank you so much uh don't worry
+-L40fBo0qoY-00201-00041768-00041887 i don't think even us
+-L40fBo0qoY-00202-00041888-00042071 the ols co-founders know what's what
+-L40fBo0qoY-00203-00042072-00042262 sometimes so it's all good
+-L40fBo0qoY-00204-00042263-00042583 uh next up i think we have paul
+-L40fBo0qoY-00205-00042584-00042911 oh hi everyone um so my name is paul
+-L40fBo0qoY-00206-00042912-00043102 i'm currently a student at the
+-L40fBo0qoY-00207-00043103-00043311 university of glasgow
+-L40fBo0qoY-00208-00043312-00043607 studying data science and i turned in my
+-L40fBo0qoY-00209-00043608-00043679 thesis
+-L40fBo0qoY-00210-00043680-00044039 two days ago so um
+-L40fBo0qoY-00211-00044040-00044415 so far i'm free um so yeah i
+-L40fBo0qoY-00212-00044416-00044607 haven't had a lot of experience with
+-L40fBo0qoY-00213-00044608-00044751 open source projects
+-L40fBo0qoY-00214-00044752-00044974 but i'm working i'm going to be working
+-L40fBo0qoY-00215-00044975-00045055 with
+-L40fBo0qoY-00216-00045056-00045358 neha niharit i'm going to work with neha
+-L40fBo0qoY-00217-00045359-00045383 on
+-L40fBo0qoY-00218-00045384-00045607 the um embedding accessibility and
+-L40fBo0qoY-00219-00045608-00045823 turing in the turinway project
+-L40fBo0qoY-00220-00045824-00046135 and i'm hoping that through the ols
+-L40fBo0qoY-00221-00046136-00046327 program i'll be able to develop the
+-L40fBo0qoY-00222-00046328-00046686 leadership skills to be able to um
+-L40fBo0qoY-00223-00046687-00046911 make the project as sustainable and
+-L40fBo0qoY-00224-00046912-00047395 successful as possible
+-L40fBo0qoY-00225-00047396-00047615 congratulations on turning your thesis
+-L40fBo0qoY-00226-00047616-00048055 in you must be so over the moon
+-L40fBo0qoY-00227-00048056-00048383 oh that's brilliant um dave
+-L40fBo0qoY-00228-00048384-00048783 david hey hi everyone thanks for having
+-L40fBo0qoY-00229-00048784-00048974 me um the past two weeks i was on a
+-L40fBo0qoY-00230-00048975-00049262 holiday in sunny wales and i do actually
+-L40fBo0qoY-00231-00049263-00049535 mean it was sunny in wales
+-L40fBo0qoY-00232-00049536-00049855 so i'm a little bit behind um i work in
+-L40fBo0qoY-00233-00049856-00049911 london
+-L40fBo0qoY-00234-00049912-00050190 at the alan turing institute where i
+-L40fBo0qoY-00235-00050191-00050230 work
+-L40fBo0qoY-00236-00050231-00050462 in research engineering as a research
+-L40fBo0qoY-00237-00050463-00050607 software engineer
+-L40fBo0qoY-00238-00050608-00050895 um the project that brought me to ols2
+-L40fBo0qoY-00239-00050896-00050967 is
+-L40fBo0qoY-00240-00050968-00051230 tiering data stories which is kind of
+-L40fBo0qoY-00241-00051232-00051407 data journalism we're trying to
+-L40fBo0qoY-00242-00051408-00051758 teach inspire and you know get people to
+-L40fBo0qoY-00243-00051759-00052007 have a really good understanding of of
+-L40fBo0qoY-00244-00052008-00052254 of data numbers and and things like that
+-L40fBo0qoY-00245-00052255-00052615 um and i'm here with on that with uh
+-L40fBo0qoY-00246-00052616-00052894 camilla sam and kevin both kevin and
+-L40fBo0qoY-00247-00052895-00053079 camilla are on the call sam
+-L40fBo0qoY-00248-00053079-00053526 sends his apologies he can't make it
+-L40fBo0qoY-00249-00053527-00054294 glorious thank you so much joyce
+-L40fBo0qoY-00250-00054295-00054623 hey okay hi um so i'm
+-L40fBo0qoY-00251-00054624-00054975 joyce i am calling in from
+-L40fBo0qoY-00252-00054976-00055326 zurich um i am currently the
+-L40fBo0qoY-00253-00055327-00055535 program director of the open innovation
+-L40fBo0qoY-00254-00055536-00055799 and life sciences association now we
+-L40fBo0qoY-00255-00055800-00056111 were newly established in switzerland
+-L40fBo0qoY-00256-00056112-00056463 since last month um
+-L40fBo0qoY-00257-00056464-00056871 and that's the project that i'm here for
+-L40fBo0qoY-00258-00056872-00057215 for this open life science 2 cohort
+-L40fBo0qoY-00259-00057216-00057542 program and what we do in
+-L40fBo0qoY-00260-00057544-00057679 open innovation and life sciences or
+-L40fBo0qoY-00261-00057679-00057854 oils for short is we
+-L40fBo0qoY-00262-00057855-00058030 promote the practice of open science in
+-L40fBo0qoY-00263-00058032-00058230 early career researchers
+-L40fBo0qoY-00264-00058232-00058511 in the zurich area for now and hopefully
+-L40fBo0qoY-00265-00058512-00058726 for all of switzerland later
+-L40fBo0qoY-00266-00058727-00059038 and then we do this by also teaching the
+-L40fBo0qoY-00267-00059039-00059175 ecrs
+-L40fBo0qoY-00268-00059176-00059399 the tools of open science and we do this
+-L40fBo0qoY-00269-00059400-00059591 through events mostly
+-L40fBo0qoY-00270-00059591-00059815 we've run a conference for the past
+-L40fBo0qoY-00271-00059816-00059982 three years now
+-L40fBo0qoY-00272-00059983-00060415 and yeah and we're just we're keeping
+-L40fBo0qoY-00273-00060416-00060591 we're keeping strong and keeping going
+-L40fBo0qoY-00274-00060591-00060719 and uh
+-L40fBo0qoY-00275-00060720-00060950 my day job right now i've actually moved
+-L40fBo0qoY-00276-00060951-00061111 out of academia
+-L40fBo0qoY-00277-00061112-00061423 um completely uh since may
+-L40fBo0qoY-00278-00061424-00061742 i guess and i'm a web developer um at an
+-L40fBo0qoY-00279-00061744-00061926 architecture firm
+-L40fBo0qoY-00280-00061927-00062215 so this is kind of like uh oils is kind
+-L40fBo0qoY-00281-00062216-00062279 of like my
+-L40fBo0qoY-00282-00062279-00062638 my baby project i guess my project
+-L40fBo0qoY-00283-00062639-00062959 and i'm trying to set this up in a more
+-L40fBo0qoY-00284-00062960-00063094 sustainable way so that it
+-L40fBo0qoY-00285-00063095-00063350 i can pass it on and it's sustainable
+-L40fBo0qoY-00286-00063351-00063463 through like other
+-L40fBo0qoY-00287-00063464-00063711 generations of scientists to come and
+-L40fBo0qoY-00288-00063712-00063887 i'm doing this project with
+-L40fBo0qoY-00289-00063888-00064111 uh tina maybe she can introduce herself
+-L40fBo0qoY-00290-00064112-00064154 next
+-L40fBo0qoY-00291-00064155-00064311 [Laughter]
+-L40fBo0qoY-00292-00064312-00064638 um who is my operations director for
+-L40fBo0qoY-00293-00064639-00065047 oils brilliant thank you so much
+-L40fBo0qoY-00294-00065048-00065550 um tina yeah christina or gina hi
+-L40fBo0qoY-00295-00065551-00065759 um so yeah thanks joyce for introducing
+-L40fBo0qoY-00296-00065760-00065903 me already i'm
+-L40fBo0qoY-00297-00065904-00066175 also freshly graduated uh postdoc now
+-L40fBo0qoY-00298-00066176-00066247 because i
+-L40fBo0qoY-00299-00066248-00066479 also finished my phd just recently at
+-L40fBo0qoY-00300-00066480-00066694 the university of zurich
+-L40fBo0qoY-00301-00066695-00067015 um i've been part of oils um for two
+-L40fBo0qoY-00302-00067016-00067143 years now and
+-L40fBo0qoY-00303-00067144-00067311 yeah i think joyce explained everything
+-L40fBo0qoY-00304-00067312-00067438 what we're doing right now and we're
+-L40fBo0qoY-00305-00067439-00067663 really happy to be part of this
+-L40fBo0qoY-00306-00067664-00067871 um to enhance our skills and bring
+-L40fBo0qoY-00307-00067872-00068335 everything further
+-L40fBo0qoY-00308-00068336-00068694 okay brilliant uh samuel burke
+-L40fBo0qoY-00309-00068695-00069006 hey how's it going yeah i'm sam um
+-L40fBo0qoY-00310-00069007-00069326 i'm in montreal canada and uh i
+-L40fBo0qoY-00311-00069327-00069647 am well i'm jo i've joined the
+-L40fBo0qoY-00312-00069648-00069815 awesome team which is open science in
+-L40fBo0qoY-00313-00069816-00070006 montreal which was in
+-L40fBo0qoY-00314-00070007-00070415 the first cohort with um with samuel g
+-L40fBo0qoY-00315-00070416-00070671 samuel gay and um what we're trying to
+-L40fBo0qoY-00316-00070672-00070831 do is really
+-L40fBo0qoY-00317-00070832-00071159 kind of develop an onboarding experience
+-L40fBo0qoY-00318-00071160-00071326 to open science
+-L40fBo0qoY-00319-00071327-00071575 uh specifically for the francophone
+-L40fBo0qoY-00320-00071576-00071694 communities
+-L40fBo0qoY-00321-00071695-00071911 and one of the things that we we've
+-L40fBo0qoY-00322-00071912-00072135 noticed is um
+-L40fBo0qoY-00323-00072136-00072279 lots there's lots of open science
+-L40fBo0qoY-00324-00072280-00072503 information especially in english
+-L40fBo0qoY-00325-00072504-00072711 but there's big non-english speaking
+-L40fBo0qoY-00326-00072712-00072879 communities especially like here in
+-L40fBo0qoY-00327-00072880-00073031 quebec and in
+-L40fBo0qoY-00328-00073032-00073223 and in france and in large parts of
+-L40fBo0qoY-00329-00073224-00073350 africa so it's really about
+-L40fBo0qoY-00330-00073351-00073671 um offering similar resources
+-L40fBo0qoY-00331-00073672-00074031 but in french to kind of get another
+-L40fBo0qoY-00332-00074032-00074199 large portion of the world that i like
+-L40fBo0qoY-00333-00074200-00074415 on the and the open science boat
+-L40fBo0qoY-00334-00074416-00074703 um oh and um yeah i'm i'm doing a phd in
+-L40fBo0qoY-00335-00074704-00074862 neuroscience
+-L40fBo0qoY-00336-00074863-00075111 um i think i fell into the open science
+-L40fBo0qoY-00337-00075112-00075279 world like for many of the similar
+-L40fBo0qoY-00338-00075280-00075343 reasons
+-L40fBo0qoY-00339-00075344-00075638 as most people here and um one of the
+-L40fBo0qoY-00340-00075639-00075767 things which i'm kind of
+-L40fBo0qoY-00341-00075768-00076150 really interested in is getting
+-L40fBo0qoY-00342-00076151-00076455 scientists to actually do science
+-L40fBo0qoY-00343-00076456-00076575 it's one of the things whether it's from
+-L40fBo0qoY-00344-00076576-00076815 basic statistics to
+-L40fBo0qoY-00345-00076816-00076991 to checking that your data is normally
+-L40fBo0qoY-00346-00076992-00077159 distributed to all the other kind of
+-L40fBo0qoY-00347-00077160-00077319 communicating in a very open way so i'm
+-L40fBo0qoY-00348-00077320-00077479 really hoping that uh well
+-L40fBo0qoY-00349-00077480-00077687 i i know that with the ols it's going to
+-L40fBo0qoY-00350-00077688-00077871 help um
+-L40fBo0qoY-00351-00077872-00078111 get um get people on board and get
+-L40fBo0qoY-00352-00078112-00078271 people contributing so it becomes a
+-L40fBo0qoY-00353-00078272-00078482 self-sustaining
+-L40fBo0qoY-00354-00078483-00078879 enterprise all right thanks
+-L40fBo0qoY-00355-00078880-00079103 fabulous and i have to say that i'm just
+-L40fBo0qoY-00356-00079104-00079223 jealous that your your
+-L40fBo0qoY-00357-00079224-00079447 project name is pronounced awesome that
+-L40fBo0qoY-00358-00079448-00079647 is the best
+-L40fBo0qoY-00359-00079648-00079799 that's samuel gay i can't take the
+-L40fBo0qoY-00360-00079800-00079959 credit for that
+-L40fBo0qoY-00361-00079960-00080135 ten points and danny and danny collins
+-L40fBo0qoY-00362-00080136-00080367 yeah
+-L40fBo0qoY-00363-00080368-00080823 amazing uh stephen
+-L40fBo0qoY-00364-00080824-00081135 uh hi everyone so my name is uh steven
+-L40fBo0qoY-00365-00081136-00081191 clusa
+-L40fBo0qoY-00366-00081192-00081503 i am a newly assistant uh
+-L40fBo0qoY-00367-00081504-00081694 professor of biology at clean state
+-L40fBo0qoY-00368-00081695-00081815 university
+-L40fBo0qoY-00369-00081816-00082191 in moore georgia so i haven't had a lot
+-L40fBo0qoY-00370-00082192-00082415 of experience with open science
+-L40fBo0qoY-00371-00082416-00082631 i did have i do have some experience
+-L40fBo0qoY-00372-00082632-00082799 working with uh
+-L40fBo0qoY-00373-00082800-00083062 do-it-yourself bio i'm part of a
+-L40fBo0qoY-00374-00083063-00083175 makerspace
+-L40fBo0qoY-00375-00083176-00083447 which has a do yourself bio lab
+-L40fBo0qoY-00376-00083448-00083631 indicator georgia
+-L40fBo0qoY-00377-00083632-00083982 and uh i became interested in
+-L40fBo0qoY-00378-00083983-00084175 looking at ways that we can actually
+-L40fBo0qoY-00379-00084176-00084359 bring
+-L40fBo0qoY-00380-00084360-00084606 science to people who don't have
+-L40fBo0qoY-00381-00084607-00084750 scientific degrees
+-L40fBo0qoY-00382-00084751-00085087 getting them interested in be able to
+-L40fBo0qoY-00383-00085088-00085391 work with bacteria work with gene try to
+-L40fBo0qoY-00384-00085392-00085462 get them
+-L40fBo0qoY-00385-00085463-00085759 experienced in building machines out of
+-L40fBo0qoY-00386-00085760-00085887 bacteria
+-L40fBo0qoY-00387-00085888-00086206 which is part of synthetic biology and
+-L40fBo0qoY-00388-00086207-00086503 for me being an assistant professor of
+-L40fBo0qoY-00389-00086504-00086591 biology
+-L40fBo0qoY-00390-00086592-00086735 at a university that says
+-L40fBo0qoY-00391-00086736-00086903 underrepresented group
+-L40fBo0qoY-00392-00086904-00087118 it really made me think long and hard
+-L40fBo0qoY-00393-00087119-00087206 about
+-L40fBo0qoY-00394-00087207-00087518 what does accessibility mean
+-L40fBo0qoY-00395-00087519-00087855 for my university is it's like 7 000
+-L40fBo0qoY-00396-00087856-00087943 students right
+-L40fBo0qoY-00397-00087944-00088303 so we don't have all these uh
+-L40fBo0qoY-00398-00088304-00088606 general subscription to research that
+-L40fBo0qoY-00399-00088607-00088950 the big 70 000 student
+-L40fBo0qoY-00400-00088951-00089318 universities have so it
+-L40fBo0qoY-00401-00089319-00089606 when i look at that i see financial
+-L40fBo0qoY-00402-00089607-00089911 restrictions social economic restriction
+-L40fBo0qoY-00403-00089912-00090094 on knowledge that my students really
+-L40fBo0qoY-00404-00090095-00090318 need in order to be competitive for the
+-L40fBo0qoY-00405-00090319-00090399 next w
+-L40fBo0qoY-00406-00090400-00090655 career so this is really greatly
+-L40fBo0qoY-00407-00090656-00090903 informed the way that i look at research
+-L40fBo0qoY-00408-00090904-00091079 as something you know science that
+-L40fBo0qoY-00409-00091080-00091206 really belongs to
+-L40fBo0qoY-00410-00091207-00091479 the people so with that in mind one of
+-L40fBo0qoY-00411-00091480-00091550 the things that
+-L40fBo0qoY-00412-00091551-00091855 i want to do is i'm working with the
+-L40fBo0qoY-00413-00091856-00091950 public domain
+-L40fBo0qoY-00414-00091951-00092262 gazette to help identify the
+-L40fBo0qoY-00415-00092263-00092503 technologies that have expired patents
+-L40fBo0qoY-00416-00092504-00092599 and so forth
+-L40fBo0qoY-00417-00092600-00092855 bring them into the public domain and
+-L40fBo0qoY-00418-00092856-00092911 with my
+-L40fBo0qoY-00419-00092912-00093062 project i want to be able to kind of
+-L40fBo0qoY-00420-00093063-00093335 build another kind of synthetic biology
+-L40fBo0qoY-00421-00093336-00093550 uh cloning system and chassis and
+-L40fBo0qoY-00422-00093551-00093703 bacillus settlers
+-L40fBo0qoY-00423-00093704-00094038 a bacteria that is very amenable for
+-L40fBo0qoY-00424-00094039-00094199 this type of work
+-L40fBo0qoY-00425-00094200-00094511 and my hope is to be able to have it
+-L40fBo0qoY-00426-00094512-00094718 made with public domain technologies
+-L40fBo0qoY-00427-00094719-00094815 that are there no
+-L40fBo0qoY-00428-00094816-00095047 financial or academic recession
+-L40fBo0qoY-00429-00095048-00095262 whatsoever so anyone who asked for it
+-L40fBo0qoY-00430-00095263-00095535 can get it that's the overall goal of
+-L40fBo0qoY-00431-00095536-00095631 that
+-L40fBo0qoY-00432-00095632-00095871 so um it's going to be going to be a
+-L40fBo0qoY-00433-00095872-00095974 long process
+-L40fBo0qoY-00434-00095975-00096150 but i think it's going to be it's going
+-L40fBo0qoY-00435-00096151-00096287 to be worth it um
+-L40fBo0qoY-00436-00096288-00096823 just to have people involved in science
+-L40fBo0qoY-00437-00096824-00097231 thank you so much okay next up we have
+-L40fBo0qoY-00438-00097232-00097406 uh and i apologize because i'm not
+-L40fBo0qoY-00439-00097407-00097574 francophone uh
+-L40fBo0qoY-00440-00097575-00097767 is it andrey on the second if i said
+-L40fBo0qoY-00441-00097768-00097950 that right yes you said it
+-L40fBo0qoY-00442-00097951-00098279 very well um yes so uh my name is angham
+-L40fBo0qoY-00443-00098280-00098535 proof so i i live in montreal that's
+-L40fBo0qoY-00444-00098536-00098750 why i wasn't i didn't attend the last
+-L40fBo0qoY-00445-00098751-00098991 call because it was like 4 am
+-L40fBo0qoY-00446-00098992-00099303 but i'm glad to be here today um so from
+-L40fBo0qoY-00447-00099304-00099423 montreal
+-L40fBo0qoY-00448-00099424-00099743 i am a masters student in psychology my
+-L40fBo0qoY-00449-00099744-00099903 background is mainly in cognitive
+-L40fBo0qoY-00450-00099904-00100015 neuroscience
+-L40fBo0qoY-00451-00100016-00100391 i got interested in open science
+-L40fBo0qoY-00452-00100392-00100623 learning learning about the
+-L40fBo0qoY-00453-00100624-00100806 reproducibility crisis and so
+-L40fBo0qoY-00454-00100807-00101071 some of my classes and also i
+-L40fBo0qoY-00455-00101072-00101287 participated in the brainx school
+-L40fBo0qoY-00456-00101288-00101599 uh which focused a lot on open sign
+-L40fBo0qoY-00457-00101600-00101759 practices
+-L40fBo0qoY-00458-00101760-00102023 and uh i kind of like looked at
+-L40fBo0qoY-00459-00102024-00102215 different communities that were
+-L40fBo0qoY-00460-00102216-00102454 interested in open science and at the
+-L40fBo0qoY-00461-00102455-00102566 university of montreal
+-L40fBo0qoY-00462-00102567-00102871 and we have the ozim uh which uh was
+-L40fBo0qoY-00463-00102872-00103271 uh um who that was like started
+-L40fBo0qoY-00464-00103272-00103615 by samuel in the last cohort
+-L40fBo0qoY-00465-00103616-00103854 so he just described he gave a pretty
+-L40fBo0qoY-00466-00103855-00104030 good overview of what ozim is
+-L40fBo0qoY-00467-00104031-00104302 uh so i'm not gonna repeat it but uh
+-L40fBo0qoY-00468-00104303-00104366 yeah
+-L40fBo0qoY-00469-00104367-00104678 so i joined and now i'm part of uh ozim
+-L40fBo0qoY-00470-00104679-00104742 and also
+-L40fBo0qoY-00471-00104743-00105158 the second quarter of ols
+-L40fBo0qoY-00472-00105159-00105502 thank you brilliant thank you
+-L40fBo0qoY-00473-00105503-00105702 okay uh the last person i have on the
+-L40fBo0qoY-00474-00105703-00105831 list for now is
+-L40fBo0qoY-00475-00105832-00106007 kendra uh if anyone else hasn't
+-L40fBo0qoY-00476-00106008-00106127 introduced yourself please do add
+-L40fBo0qoY-00477-00106128-00106247 yourself to the list um
+-L40fBo0qoY-00478-00106248-00106647 while kendra's speaking hi i'm kendra
+-L40fBo0qoY-00479-00106648-00106975 um i'm also in montreal um where the
+-L40fBo0qoY-00480-00106976-00107175 last cohort call was very early in the
+-L40fBo0qoY-00481-00107176-00107271 morning
+-L40fBo0qoY-00482-00107272-00107623 um so my idea for ols
+-L40fBo0qoY-00483-00107624-00107807 was to start something called open
+-L40fBo0qoY-00484-00107808-00108086 science office hours
+-L40fBo0qoY-00485-00108088-00108407 so in my experience a lot of grad
+-L40fBo0qoY-00486-00108408-00108671 students learn about open science tools
+-L40fBo0qoY-00487-00108672-00108863 or about reproducibility problems and
+-L40fBo0qoY-00488-00108864-00108934 such
+-L40fBo0qoY-00489-00108935-00109231 in like short-term experiences like
+-L40fBo0qoY-00490-00109232-00109527 hackathons or in montreal we hold the
+-L40fBo0qoY-00491-00109528-00109695 the brain hack school which was just
+-L40fBo0qoY-00492-00109696-00109783 mentioned
+-L40fBo0qoY-00493-00109783-00110119 every summer which is like a four week
+-L40fBo0qoY-00494-00110120-00110286 summer school where people learn about
+-L40fBo0qoY-00495-00110288-00110543 different open science issues and open
+-L40fBo0qoY-00496-00110544-00110686 science tools and such
+-L40fBo0qoY-00497-00110688-00111007 um but the the problem that i've i've
+-L40fBo0qoY-00498-00111008-00111127 found is that
+-L40fBo0qoY-00499-00111128-00111390 there's no long-term support like
+-L40fBo0qoY-00500-00111391-00111534 continuous support
+-L40fBo0qoY-00501-00111535-00111927 for students especially for students who
+-L40fBo0qoY-00502-00111928-00112158 don't have people like senior people in
+-L40fBo0qoY-00503-00112159-00112263 their lab who
+-L40fBo0qoY-00504-00112264-00112478 use these tools so it could be it can be
+-L40fBo0qoY-00505-00112479-00112566 very hard
+-L40fBo0qoY-00506-00112567-00112727 i know from my own experience and my
+-L40fBo0qoY-00507-00112728-00112951 masters to try to use open tools if no
+-L40fBo0qoY-00508-00112952-00113158 one else in the lab is using them
+-L40fBo0qoY-00509-00113159-00113343 so the idea is that we would hold
+-L40fBo0qoY-00510-00113344-00113519 regular office hours where
+-L40fBo0qoY-00511-00113520-00113727 students could come and ask questions
+-L40fBo0qoY-00512-00113728-00113886 about
+-L40fBo0qoY-00513-00113888-00114110 how to make their research more open or
+-L40fBo0qoY-00514-00114111-00114334 say they're using an open tool like
+-L40fBo0qoY-00515-00114335-00114599 like github or docker they could get
+-L40fBo0qoY-00516-00114600-00114751 help problem solving some
+-L40fBo0qoY-00517-00114752-00115054 some things they're running into
+-L40fBo0qoY-00518-00115055-00115343 so yeah but it's completely i'm not used
+-L40fBo0qoY-00519-00115344-00115399 to
+-L40fBo0qoY-00520-00115400-00115590 i'm used to like joining organizations
+-L40fBo0qoY-00521-00115591-00115807 that exist and helping i'm not so used
+-L40fBo0qoY-00522-00115808-00115983 to starting something on my own so
+-L40fBo0qoY-00523-00115983-00116215 that's kind of like scary for me
+-L40fBo0qoY-00524-00116216-00116551 um yeah anyways it's been great to hear
+-L40fBo0qoY-00525-00116552-00116790 the other projects
+-L40fBo0qoY-00526-00116791-00117110 that's it for me fantastic and yeah
+-L40fBo0qoY-00527-00117111-00117286 starting starting your own organizations
+-L40fBo0qoY-00528-00117288-00117454 can be terrifying but
+-L40fBo0qoY-00529-00117455-00117639 you've got it we're confident with that
+-L40fBo0qoY-00530-00117640-00117878 much uh thank you so much
+-L40fBo0qoY-00531-00117879-00118190 so i have next uh bakari and again did i
+-L40fBo0qoY-00532-00118191-00118358 say that right please if i ever say
+-L40fBo0qoY-00533-00118359-00118671 names wrong people correct me
+-L40fBo0qoY-00534-00118672-00119207 uh yeah
+-L40fBo0qoY-00535-00119208-00119431 yeah my name is correct tank uh so my
+-L40fBo0qoY-00536-00119432-00119639 name is bakay um
+-L40fBo0qoY-00537-00119640-00119886 i'm a phd student at rawhid university
+-L40fBo0qoY-00538-00119888-00120063 in south africa i'm currently working on
+-L40fBo0qoY-00539-00120064-00120158 my phd
+-L40fBo0qoY-00540-00120159-00120407 and i'm supposed to finish this year and
+-L40fBo0qoY-00541-00120408-00120678 yeah i'm currently busy
+-L40fBo0qoY-00542-00120679-00121039 so um my background is in bioinformatics
+-L40fBo0qoY-00543-00121040-00121151 and i work in
+-L40fBo0qoY-00544-00121152-00121454 in a drug discovery project um so trying
+-L40fBo0qoY-00545-00121455-00121647 to find some chemical compounds and
+-L40fBo0qoY-00546-00121648-00121743 predict some
+-L40fBo0qoY-00547-00121744-00121910 activities for those components that's
+-L40fBo0qoY-00548-00121911-00122127 what we are doing now
+-L40fBo0qoY-00549-00122128-00122478 and i got invited to the project
+-L40fBo0qoY-00550-00122479-00122823 by a family member who is in mali
+-L40fBo0qoY-00551-00122824-00123078 and currently we are working together on
+-L40fBo0qoY-00552-00123079-00123343 the project and it's about
+-L40fBo0qoY-00553-00123344-00123678 trying to establish an electronic system
+-L40fBo0qoY-00554-00123679-00123814 for medical records
+-L40fBo0qoY-00555-00123815-00124247 and let's say the hospital system in
+-L40fBo0qoY-00556-00124248-00124407 mali because
+-L40fBo0qoY-00557-00124408-00124631 everything is on paper and there is no
+-L40fBo0qoY-00558-00124632-00124758 like keeping
+-L40fBo0qoY-00559-00124759-00125071 track of the record and
+-L40fBo0qoY-00560-00125072-00125286 finding them being able to search them
+-L40fBo0qoY-00561-00125288-00125439 in a database
+-L40fBo0qoY-00562-00125440-00125727 and having access to them and that's a
+-L40fBo0qoY-00563-00125728-00126031 big problem and they get lost they get
+-L40fBo0qoY-00564-00126032-00126254 people they they also privacy concern
+-L40fBo0qoY-00565-00126255-00126390 about it but
+-L40fBo0qoY-00566-00126391-00126631 i think at to some extent there is a
+-L40fBo0qoY-00567-00126632-00126863 possibility to
+-L40fBo0qoY-00568-00126864-00127175 to have medical records uh in uh
+-L40fBo0qoY-00569-00127176-00127519 electronic form and also i got
+-L40fBo0qoY-00570-00127520-00127766 interested in open sales because in open
+-L40fBo0qoY-00571-00127767-00127951 source in general because working
+-L40fBo0qoY-00572-00127952-00128271 during my tv i've come across many
+-L40fBo0qoY-00573-00128272-00128486 uh tools that i wanted to use they were
+-L40fBo0qoY-00574-00128488-00128639 commercial ones
+-L40fBo0qoY-00575-00128640-00128854 some were not open source and that kind
+-L40fBo0qoY-00576-00128855-00129054 of break and
+-L40fBo0qoY-00577-00129055-00129271 pose a limit to your research and you
+-L40fBo0qoY-00578-00129272-00129366 can't really
+-L40fBo0qoY-00579-00129367-00129599 uh do the things that the way you wanted
+-L40fBo0qoY-00580-00129600-00129671 and
+-L40fBo0qoY-00581-00129672-00129951 also i noticed that many people develop
+-L40fBo0qoY-00582-00129952-00130047 things so
+-L40fBo0qoY-00583-00130048-00130343 freely but they get lost in on the
+-L40fBo0qoY-00584-00130344-00130502 internet on github and
+-L40fBo0qoY-00585-00130503-00130823 many good small portion of code but
+-L40fBo0qoY-00586-00130824-00131102 there is no like initiative to bring
+-L40fBo0qoY-00587-00131103-00131278 things together and
+-L40fBo0qoY-00588-00131279-00131478 maybe make something beautiful out of
+-L40fBo0qoY-00589-00131479-00131631 small contributions from different
+-L40fBo0qoY-00590-00131632-00131702 people
+-L40fBo0qoY-00591-00131703-00131919 and i think we can really develop very
+-L40fBo0qoY-00592-00131920-00132271 close from that perspective also
+-L40fBo0qoY-00593-00132272-00132687 yeah so that's about it thanks
+-L40fBo0qoY-00594-00132688-00132959 fantastic thank you is there anyone else
+-L40fBo0qoY-00595-00132960-00133127 who hasn't had the chance to introduce
+-L40fBo0qoY-00596-00133128-00133343 themselves who would like to
+-L40fBo0qoY-00597-00133344-00133687 say hi
+-L40fBo0qoY-00598-00133688-00133983 hi i haven't introduced myself yet um
+-L40fBo0qoY-00599-00133984-00134223 i'm ava and i'm based in
+-L40fBo0qoY-00600-00134224-00134511 silva in switzerland and our project so
+-L40fBo0qoY-00601-00134512-00134631 my um
+-L40fBo0qoY-00602-00134632-00134783 other project leader he couldn't make it
+-L40fBo0qoY-00603-00134784-00134943 today but his name is dylan and we're
+-L40fBo0qoY-00604-00134944-00135102 working on trying to make an online
+-L40fBo0qoY-00605-00135103-00135175 platform
+-L40fBo0qoY-00606-00135176-00135471 for sharing workflows for finite element
+-L40fBo0qoY-00607-00135472-00135559 modeling so
+-L40fBo0qoY-00608-00135560-00135854 that's kind of our part of um our
+-L40fBo0qoY-00609-00135855-00136014 methodology for our research
+-L40fBo0qoY-00610-00136015-00136295 so essentially you build 3d models and
+-L40fBo0qoY-00611-00136296-00136478 then you can apply a force to model and
+-L40fBo0qoY-00612-00136479-00136695 then see how it distributes
+-L40fBo0qoY-00613-00136696-00136863 through the region of interest so we're
+-L40fBo0qoY-00614-00136864-00137078 by mechanism paleontologists so we use
+-L40fBo0qoY-00615-00137079-00137302 this technique to look at how um
+-L40fBo0qoY-00616-00137303-00137647 extinct fossils might have been using
+-L40fBo0qoY-00617-00137648-00137814 their jaw muscles to feed but other
+-L40fBo0qoY-00618-00137815-00137999 people use it for various different
+-L40fBo0qoY-00619-00138000-00138263 biomechanical modeling techniques but
+-L40fBo0qoY-00620-00138264-00138463 there are a lot of different programs
+-L40fBo0qoY-00621-00138464-00138647 and it's very each group is kind of
+-L40fBo0qoY-00622-00138648-00138807 insulated in their own workflow
+-L40fBo0qoY-00623-00138808-00138966 and there's not a lot of online
+-L40fBo0qoY-00624-00138967-00139199 information if you wanted to get started
+-L40fBo0qoY-00625-00139200-00139359 or if you wanted to move to more open
+-L40fBo0qoY-00626-00139360-00139535 source software so
+-L40fBo0qoY-00627-00139536-00139678 we're having a conference that'll
+-L40fBo0qoY-00628-00139679-00139854 probably be mostly online in march and
+-L40fBo0qoY-00629-00139855-00139999 then from the conference when you're
+-L40fBo0qoY-00630-00140000-00140135 planning it we thought it'd be a great
+-L40fBo0qoY-00631-00140136-00140231 idea to
+-L40fBo0qoY-00632-00140232-00140495 expand this and make it an online hub
+-L40fBo0qoY-00633-00140496-00140687 where researchers can share the modeling
+-L40fBo0qoY-00634-00140688-00140919 workflows and then other people can
+-L40fBo0qoY-00635-00140920-00141102 read them and get started learning these
+-L40fBo0qoY-00636-00141103-00141399 techniques
+-L40fBo0qoY-00637-00141400-00141639 fantastic thank you eva uh so anyone
+-L40fBo0qoY-00638-00141640-00141966 else
+-L40fBo0qoY-00639-00141967-00142311 akioma are you speaking i
+-L40fBo0qoY-00640-00142312-00142854 i think you're a mute
+-L40fBo0qoY-00641-00142855-00143166 still on mute sorry
+-L40fBo0qoY-00642-00143167-00143423 it's not on mute on zoom though yeah i
+-L40fBo0qoY-00643-00143424-00143975 think it's the audio hardware i mean
+-L40fBo0qoY-00644-00143976-00144271 maybe a kiwi making you write on the
+-L40fBo0qoY-00645-00144272-00144319 chat
+-L40fBo0qoY-00646-00144320-00144559 and one of us will read it up for the
+-L40fBo0qoY-00647-00144560-00144790 girls
+-L40fBo0qoY-00648-00144791-00145383 all right oh yeah i hear you now
+-L40fBo0qoY-00649-00145384-00145735 you can hear me yeah
+-L40fBo0qoY-00650-00145736-00146054 okay um my name is akoma
+-L40fBo0qoY-00651-00146055-00146335 questos um i have a background in
+-L40fBo0qoY-00652-00146336-00146526 biomedical sciences
+-L40fBo0qoY-00653-00146527-00146975 and i'm in south africa ewc
+-L40fBo0qoY-00654-00146976-00147343 university of western cape uh i got um
+-L40fBo0qoY-00655-00147344-00147671 i don't have any experience with open uh
+-L40fBo0qoY-00656-00147672-00147878 open source it's my first time
+-L40fBo0qoY-00657-00147879-00147983 everything's just
+-L40fBo0qoY-00658-00147984-00148287 so so new to me
+-L40fBo0qoY-00659-00148288-00148463 trying to understand the assignment
+-L40fBo0qoY-00660-00148464-00148702 struggling with it created my canvas
+-L40fBo0qoY-00661-00148703-00148863 it's not been easy
+-L40fBo0qoY-00662-00148864-00149278 but i'm excited to to be part of it to
+-L40fBo0qoY-00663-00149279-00149551 work together with uh researchers
+-L40fBo0qoY-00664-00149552-00149726 genetic researchers
+-L40fBo0qoY-00665-00149727-00149935 i will be working with sun b south
+-L40fBo0qoY-00666-00149936-00150123 african institute of
+-L40fBo0qoY-00667-00150124-00150399 biodiversity i will be looking into
+-L40fBo0qoY-00668-00150400-00150566 precision medicine
+-L40fBo0qoY-00669-00150567-00150975 how we could type medicine particularly
+-L40fBo0qoY-00670-00150976-00151031 to
+-L40fBo0qoY-00671-00151032-00151295 accept of individual because we believe
+-L40fBo0qoY-00672-00151296-00151359 that um
+-L40fBo0qoY-00673-00151360-00151719 in genetics not one cup fits everybody
+-L40fBo0qoY-00674-00151720-00151926 everybody have different kind of genetic
+-L40fBo0qoY-00675-00151927-00152135 makeup and it affects the way we
+-L40fBo0qoY-00676-00152136-00152335 metabolize uh
+-L40fBo0qoY-00677-00152336-00152695 drugs and whatever so it is good we type
+-L40fBo0qoY-00678-00152696-00152959 individual reactions to a particular
+-L40fBo0qoY-00679-00152960-00153007 drug
+-L40fBo0qoY-00680-00153008-00153214 and understand what is going on so
+-L40fBo0qoY-00681-00153215-00153366 that's going to be my project and i'm
+-L40fBo0qoY-00682-00153367-00153487 going to be working
+-L40fBo0qoY-00683-00153488-00153911 under sandy thank you
+-L40fBo0qoY-00684-00153912-00154119 fabulous and i'm glad that we managed to
+-L40fBo0qoY-00685-00154120-00154390 get the audio working
+-L40fBo0qoY-00686-00154391-00154943 is there anybody else that we've missed
+-L40fBo0qoY-00687-00154944-00155311 hi hey
+-L40fBo0qoY-00688-00155312-00155614 can you hear me yes we can
+-L40fBo0qoY-00689-00155615-00155966 so hi i'm taina
+-L40fBo0qoY-00690-00155967-00156295 i'm a biologist and now i'm an
+-L40fBo0qoY-00691-00156296-00156495 i'm in a fellow post doc in the
+-L40fBo0qoY-00692-00156496-00156654 botanical garden
+-L40fBo0qoY-00693-00156655-00156983 of huge general and
+-L40fBo0qoY-00694-00156984-00157295 i'm working with open data and tools
+-L40fBo0qoY-00695-00157296-00157639 of biodiversity mainly to improve
+-L40fBo0qoY-00696-00157640-00157983 conservation actions and here
+-L40fBo0qoY-00697-00157984-00158207 i'm working with lindy useless cover
+-L40fBo0qoY-00698-00158208-00158287 data
+-L40fBo0qoY-00699-00158288-00158599 and xcdf performance and
+-L40fBo0qoY-00700-00158600-00158831 i want to make it available in other
+-L40fBo0qoY-00701-00158832-00158966 common formats
+-L40fBo0qoY-00702-00158967-00159399 and learn more about in good practices
+-L40fBo0qoY-00703-00159400-00159735 in open open size so
+-L40fBo0qoY-00704-00159736-00160263 thank you for this opportunity
+-L40fBo0qoY-00705-00160264-00161031 fabulous okay anyone else
+-L40fBo0qoY-00706-00161032-00161254 so i don't know if the last time i had
+-L40fBo0qoY-00707-00161255-00161478 three pages worth of people on my zoom
+-L40fBo0qoY-00708-00161479-00161854 i love it um okay if there's anyone that
+-L40fBo0qoY-00709-00161855-00162007 we missed um
+-L40fBo0qoY-00710-00162008-00162166 please like just feel free to poke me
+-L40fBo0qoY-00711-00162167-00162407 but i am going to move on um
+-L40fBo0qoY-00712-00162408-00162654 so we are going to move on next to a
+-L40fBo0qoY-00713-00162655-00162759 breakout room
+-L40fBo0qoY-00714-00162760-00162951 and so this is basically where we share
+-L40fBo0qoY-00715-00162952-00163143 some of our experiences where stuff went
+-L40fBo0qoY-00716-00163144-00163423 well or when when stuff went less well
+-L40fBo0qoY-00717-00163424-00163790 your open experiences um so
+-L40fBo0qoY-00718-00163791-00164254 this is looking at line 207 right now
+-L40fBo0qoY-00719-00164255-00164535 and so there's two things to think of
+-L40fBo0qoY-00720-00164536-00164678 we'll give you about 10 minutes
+-L40fBo0qoY-00721-00164679-00164983 and about three people per room
+-L40fBo0qoY-00722-00164984-00165238 and this will be asking you to think of
+-L40fBo0qoY-00723-00165239-00165390 a time when something was a complete
+-L40fBo0qoY-00724-00165391-00165454 train wreck
+-L40fBo0qoY-00725-00165455-00165647 in an open project and if you don't have
+-L40fBo0qoY-00726-00165648-00165807 personal experiences maybe this is
+-L40fBo0qoY-00727-00165808-00165926 something you've witnessed or heard
+-L40fBo0qoY-00728-00165927-00166031 about
+-L40fBo0qoY-00729-00166032-00166214 and also think about a time when you
+-L40fBo0qoY-00730-00166215-00166359 were working or collaborating on a
+-L40fBo0qoY-00731-00166360-00166683 project and everything was perfect
+-L40fBo0qoY-00732-00166684-00167014 um so yeah those two things over about
+-L40fBo0qoY-00733-00167015-00167254 10 minutes and groups of roughly three
+-L40fBo0qoY-00734-00167255-00167471 and i think we probably also want to
+-L40fBo0qoY-00735-00167472-00167590 make sure that there will be at this
+-L40fBo0qoY-00736-00167591-00167647 time
+-L40fBo0qoY-00737-00167648-00167943 some groups so oh actually i don't know
+-L40fBo0qoY-00738-00167944-00168014 if i've mentioned
+-L40fBo0qoY-00739-00168015-00168159 breakout rooms i should very briefly
+-L40fBo0qoY-00740-00168160-00168326 introduce those as well
+-L40fBo0qoY-00741-00168327-00168526 um so we all just break up into smaller
+-L40fBo0qoY-00742-00168527-00168702 like sub video calls for about 10
+-L40fBo0qoY-00743-00168703-00168854 minutes there should be a timer on your
+-L40fBo0qoY-00744-00168855-00168999 screen hopefully that will tell you when
+-L40fBo0qoY-00745-00169000-00169135 you're coming back
+-L40fBo0qoY-00746-00169136-00169343 um and then you'll be just transported
+-L40fBo0qoY-00747-00169344-00169502 off into your own rooms if you ever need
+-L40fBo0qoY-00748-00169503-00169743 any help at any point
+-L40fBo0qoY-00749-00169744-00169943 then on the bottom of your zoom you
+-L40fBo0qoY-00750-00169944-00170071 should have an option to
+-L40fBo0qoY-00751-00170072-00170223 i think ask for help and that will
+-L40fBo0qoY-00752-00170224-00170399 transport one of the hosts into your
+-L40fBo0qoY-00753-00170400-00170471 room to chat
+-L40fBo0qoY-00754-00170472-00170719 and see what's going on but i think we
+-L40fBo0qoY-00755-00170720-00170807 might also
+-L40fBo0qoY-00756-00170808-00170975 we won't have the otter live
+-L40fBo0qoY-00757-00170976-00171166 transcription in the breakout rooms i
+-L40fBo0qoY-00758-00171167-00171295 don't think
+-L40fBo0qoY-00759-00171296-00171463 so we probably want to have some of the
+-L40fBo0qoY-00760-00171464-00171678 breakout rooms also be
+-L40fBo0qoY-00761-00171679-00171878 non-verbal where you just type through
+-L40fBo0qoY-00762-00171879-00172063 the chat rather than actually using the
+-L40fBo0qoY-00763-00172064-00172287 verbal discussions as well
+-L40fBo0qoY-00764-00172288-00172487 so i'm just gonna quickly create the
+-L40fBo0qoY-00765-00172488-00172623 breakout rooms
+-L40fBo0qoY-00766-00172624-00172847 um before i send you off it'll be just a
+-L40fBo0qoY-00767-00172848-00172983 second
+-L40fBo0qoY-00768-00172984-00173671 more breakout rooms um
+-L40fBo0qoY-00769-00173672-00174071 okay right
+-L40fBo0qoY-00770-00174072-00174471 uh so uh for breakout
+-L40fBo0qoY-00771-00174472-00174823 rooms sorry just a second
+-L40fBo0qoY-00772-00174824-00174999 i'm not used to having quite so many
+-L40fBo0qoY-00773-00175000-00175207 people okay breakout rooms
+-L40fBo0qoY-00774-00175208-00175575 10 11 12 and 13. i'm gonna suggest
+-L40fBo0qoY-00775-00175576-00175863 try try doing the breakouts non-verbally
+-L40fBo0qoY-00776-00175864-00176054 so just try using chat to have these
+-L40fBo0qoY-00777-00176055-00176183 discussions
+-L40fBo0qoY-00778-00176184-00176399 uh and also try and make notes in the
+-L40fBo0qoY-00779-00176400-00176647 heck md to see how that goes
+-L40fBo0qoY-00780-00176648-00176935 and the rest of you breakout rooms are
+-L40fBo0qoY-00781-00176936-00177031 verbal
+-L40fBo0qoY-00782-00177032-00177190 clear good can i have some thumbs up if
+-L40fBo0qoY-00783-00177191-00177535 it is amazing i love seeing thumbs up
+-L40fBo0qoY-00784-00177536-00177759 okay right we'll send you off 10 minutes
+-L40fBo0qoY-00785-00177760-00178111 and it starts any moment
+-L40fBo0qoY-00786-00178112-00178471 now right
+-L40fBo0qoY-00787-00178472-00179431 open all rooms
+-L40fBo0qoY-00788-00179432-00179807 all right
+-L40fBo0qoY-00789-00179808-00180143 okay so so the time i
+-L40fBo0qoY-00790-00180144-00180375 had everything go wrong was when i was
+-L40fBo0qoY-00791-00180376-00180590 busy baking in the middle of a call and
+-L40fBo0qoY-00792-00180591-00180743 making loads of background noise and you
+-L40fBo0qoY-00793-00180744-00181151 had to mute me
+-L40fBo0qoY-00794-00181152-00181511 oh classic
+-L40fBo0qoY-00795-00181512-00181766 oh dear are we back yet no we're still
+-L40fBo0qoY-00796-00181767-00182126 popping back in
+-L40fBo0qoY-00797-00182127-00182495 sorry by the way that's fine
+-L40fBo0qoY-00798-00182496-00182775 we got like a host powers as long as you
+-L40fBo0qoY-00799-00182776-00183151 don't mind being muted
+-L40fBo0qoY-00800-00183152-00183495 absolutely not
+-L40fBo0qoY-00801-00183496-00183614 yeah we do need to know what you're
+-L40fBo0qoY-00802-00183615-00184087 baking though jess um
+-L40fBo0qoY-00803-00184088-00184390 okay um let me see where we are so we've
+-L40fBo0qoY-00804-00184391-00184551 had some great notes
+-L40fBo0qoY-00805-00184552-00184919 uh coming in to the hackmd uh so thank
+-L40fBo0qoY-00806-00184920-00184999 you everyone
+-L40fBo0qoY-00807-00185000-00185166 especially the non-verbal rooms where
+-L40fBo0qoY-00808-00185167-00185343 the notes have just been coming in
+-L40fBo0qoY-00809-00185344-00185678 thick and strong um
+-L40fBo0qoY-00810-00185679-00186031 so uh i think in the name of time we'll
+-L40fBo0qoY-00811-00186032-00186143 let your read i
+-L40fBo0qoY-00812-00186144-00186350 i will ask anyone if you want to report
+-L40fBo0qoY-00813-00186351-00186607 out and add more notes into the
+-L40fBo0qoY-00814-00186608-00186847 uh breakout room notes areas we're
+-L40fBo0qoY-00815-00186848-00186966 looking around line
+-L40fBo0qoY-00816-00186967-00187311 two hundred and
+-L40fBo0qoY-00817-00187312-00187511 thirty or forty at the moment for the
+-L40fBo0qoY-00818-00187512-00187683 breakout rooms uh
+-L40fBo0qoY-00819-00187684-00188007 and please do add those in
+-L40fBo0qoY-00820-00188008-00188335 uh and we will move on to our very first
+-L40fBo0qoY-00821-00188336-00188607 talk sorry my hackmd has completely
+-L40fBo0qoY-00822-00188608-00188719 frozen up
+-L40fBo0qoY-00823-00188720-00188966 melvika could i ask you to follow this
+-L40fBo0qoY-00824-00188967-00189150 on yeah absolutely
+-L40fBo0qoY-00825-00189151-00189447 so the intention we wanted you all to
+-L40fBo0qoY-00826-00189448-00189623 stick with each other and talk about
+-L40fBo0qoY-00827-00189624-00189807 positive and negative experiences
+-L40fBo0qoY-00828-00189808-00189999 because we believe that there is never a
+-L40fBo0qoY-00829-00190000-00190102 perfect or
+-L40fBo0qoY-00830-00190103-00190335 perfect or sublime experience or never a
+-L40fBo0qoY-00831-00190336-00190431 train wreck
+-L40fBo0qoY-00832-00190432-00190607 there is always a little bit of tweaking
+-L40fBo0qoY-00833-00190608-00190838 you can do in building your project that
+-L40fBo0qoY-00834-00190839-00190966 from the beginning you're
+-L40fBo0qoY-00835-00190967-00191335 ensured of stopping your project from
+-L40fBo0qoY-00836-00191336-00191535 being ruined by these kind of negative
+-L40fBo0qoY-00837-00191536-00191654 experiences
+-L40fBo0qoY-00838-00191655-00191911 but also think about that if something
+-L40fBo0qoY-00839-00191912-00192102 wrong comes up how can you improve the
+-L40fBo0qoY-00840-00192103-00192350 next time so what we have today
+-L40fBo0qoY-00841-00192351-00192766 is a series of talks that we're gonna
+-L40fBo0qoY-00842-00192767-00193078 take you through the first talk is on
+-L40fBo0qoY-00843-00193079-00193326 license open license mostly and our
+-L40fBo0qoY-00844-00193327-00193399 first speaker
+-L40fBo0qoY-00845-00193400-00193671 is christine rogers i'll give it to
+-L40fBo0qoY-00846-00193672-00193895 christine to talk about it but you can
+-L40fBo0qoY-00847-00193896-00194207 also see the slides that she has shared
+-L40fBo0qoY-00848-00194208-00194414 in 284 line number
+-L40fBo0qoY-00849-00194415-00194687 so christine okay i'm going to share my
+-L40fBo0qoY-00850-00194688-00194847 screen
+-L40fBo0qoY-00851-00194848-00195126 oh i think i need you to enable an
+-L40fBo0qoY-00852-00195127-00195550 attendee screen sharing can you do that
+-L40fBo0qoY-00853-00195551-00195871 and can you guys hear me already
+-L40fBo0qoY-00854-00195872-00196175 okay if my video or eight or sound
+-L40fBo0qoY-00855-00196176-00196350 starts to cut out i have a
+-L40fBo0qoY-00856-00196351-00196583 have backup plan so just let me know
+-L40fBo0qoY-00857-00196584-00196743 okay so i'm going to start sharing my
+-L40fBo0qoY-00858-00196744-00196814 screen
+-L40fBo0qoY-00859-00196815-00197111 this is a generic slide set that's part
+-L40fBo0qoY-00860-00197112-00197175 of
+-L40fBo0qoY-00861-00197176-00197359 the program for open life science so
+-L40fBo0qoY-00862-00197360-00197543 these are not my slides but i'll do my
+-L40fBo0qoY-00863-00197544-00197631 best
+-L40fBo0qoY-00864-00197632-00197990 to represent here um so this today is a
+-L40fBo0qoY-00865-00197991-00198183 background on open licenses
+-L40fBo0qoY-00866-00198184-00198495 specifically for um with information
+-L40fBo0qoY-00867-00198496-00198678 that might be helpful for your open life
+-L40fBo0qoY-00868-00198679-00198799 science projects
+-L40fBo0qoY-00869-00198800-00199087 disclaimer number one i'm not a lawyer
+-L40fBo0qoY-00870-00199088-00199214 um you'll hear that again
+-L40fBo0qoY-00871-00199215-00199614 during the talk so i'm gonna keep going
+-L40fBo0qoY-00872-00199615-00199766 if everything's okay
+-L40fBo0qoY-00873-00199767-00200102 audio vizio okay so i'm christine
+-L40fBo0qoY-00874-00200103-00200375 rogers i see a few people who know me
+-L40fBo0qoY-00875-00200376-00200550 already on this call so shout out to my
+-L40fBo0qoY-00876-00200551-00200687 montreal
+-L40fBo0qoY-00877-00200688-00200959 people like kendra and sam gay's crew
+-L40fBo0qoY-00878-00200960-00201183 i'm part of that open science
+-L40fBo0qoY-00879-00201184-00201511 uh ecosystem based in montreal
+-L40fBo0qoY-00880-00201512-00201711 personally i'm at mcgill university at
+-L40fBo0qoY-00881-00201712-00201902 the montreal neurological institute
+-L40fBo0qoY-00882-00201903-00202007 which is
+-L40fBo0qoY-00883-00202008-00202263 the largest academic open science
+-L40fBo0qoY-00884-00202264-00202407 research institute
+-L40fBo0qoY-00885-00202408-00202759 going and specifically i'm
+-L40fBo0qoY-00886-00202760-00203083 a data manager research research project
+-L40fBo0qoY-00887-00203084-00203390 officer on a number of open science
+-L40fBo0qoY-00888-00203391-00203590 projects and initiatives because i work
+-L40fBo0qoY-00889-00203591-00203735 for the loras
+-L40fBo0qoY-00890-00203736-00204143 databasing group we make an open source
+-L40fBo0qoY-00891-00204144-00204447 platform that's basically data tools
+-L40fBo0qoY-00892-00204448-00204695 databasing data sharing
+-L40fBo0qoY-00893-00204696-00204903 for neuroscience research and it's also
+-L40fBo0qoY-00894-00204904-00205086 used in a lot of open science
+-L40fBo0qoY-00895-00205087-00205494 initiatives so that's my context um
+-L40fBo0qoY-00896-00205496-00205703 i've also been a part of the open life
+-L40fBo0qoY-00897-00205704-00205886 science cohort that started
+-L40fBo0qoY-00898-00205887-00206198 in january i'm very happy to be back
+-L40fBo0qoY-00899-00206200-00206558 and i focused in that phase on
+-L40fBo0qoY-00900-00206559-00206766 adoptability metrics and support for
+-L40fBo0qoY-00901-00206767-00206846 open source
+-L40fBo0qoY-00902-00206848-00207142 research software i'm also involved in
+-L40fBo0qoY-00903-00207144-00207351 some of google's open source programs in
+-L40fBo0qoY-00904-00207352-00207558 terms of mentoring for google summer of
+-L40fBo0qoY-00905-00207559-00207638 code
+-L40fBo0qoY-00906-00207639-00207862 and google season of docs this fall and
+-L40fBo0qoY-00907-00207863-00208038 if anyone wants to connect on with me
+-L40fBo0qoY-00908-00208039-00208214 you can reach me on twitter
+-L40fBo0qoY-00909-00208215-00208446 my handle is at the bottom of the slide
+-L40fBo0qoY-00910-00208448-00208542 and i will
+-L40fBo0qoY-00911-00208544-00208790 take it from there so today we're
+-L40fBo0qoY-00912-00208791-00208951 talking about licensing
+-L40fBo0qoY-00913-00208952-00209271 the purpose of the presentation
+-L40fBo0qoY-00914-00209271-00209510 for the context of the open life science
+-L40fBo0qoY-00915-00209511-00209598 program
+-L40fBo0qoY-00916-00209600-00209919 is that licenses are going to allow
+-L40fBo0qoY-00917-00209919-00210223 you and anyone to use remix and share
+-L40fBo0qoY-00918-00210223-00210494 what you're doing on your project the
+-L40fBo0qoY-00919-00210496-00210598 outcome of
+-L40fBo0qoY-00920-00210600-00210775 today and of the exercises you're going
+-L40fBo0qoY-00921-00210776-00210958 through today is that your project is
+-L40fBo0qoY-00922-00210959-00211110 going to be openly licensed
+-L40fBo0qoY-00923-00211111-00211398 for use for remixing and for sharing
+-L40fBo0qoY-00924-00211400-00211567 today we're doing a short presentation
+-L40fBo0qoY-00925-00211567-00211727 followed by discussion
+-L40fBo0qoY-00926-00211728-00211927 with some practical steps to help you
+-L40fBo0qoY-00927-00211928-00212134 work towards adding an open license
+-L40fBo0qoY-00928-00212135-00212423 to your work uh the steps are really
+-L40fBo0qoY-00929-00212423-00212503 simple
+-L40fBo0qoY-00930-00212504-00212751 the thinking behind it is worth taking a
+-L40fBo0qoY-00931-00212752-00212846 moment to go over
+-L40fBo0qoY-00932-00212848-00213094 so that's the plan for today am i still
+-L40fBo0qoY-00933-00213096-00213351 good on the audio visual front
+-L40fBo0qoY-00934-00213352-00213679 okay great uh
+-L40fBo0qoY-00935-00213680-00213910 i just have to figure out what to click
+-L40fBo0qoY-00936-00213911-00214094 uh
+-L40fBo0qoY-00937-00214096-00214431 oh there you go yeah okay so how does
+-L40fBo0qoY-00938-00214432-00214631 this fit into the open leadership
+-L40fBo0qoY-00939-00214632-00215015 framework let's start there uh the
+-L40fBo0qoY-00940-00215016-00215191 context of the open leadership framework
+-L40fBo0qoY-00941-00215192-00215319 is that open leaders
+-L40fBo0qoY-00942-00215319-00215527 will design and build projects that
+-L40fBo0qoY-00943-00215528-00215798 empower others to collaborate within
+-L40fBo0qoY-00944-00215800-00216110 inclusive communities and with licensing
+-L40fBo0qoY-00945-00216111-00216279 when you think of licensing you don't
+-L40fBo0qoY-00946-00216280-00216406 necessarily think of empowering you
+-L40fBo0qoY-00947-00216407-00216575 think of restricting
+-L40fBo0qoY-00948-00216576-00216798 um i think is in terms of everyone's
+-L40fBo0qoY-00949-00216800-00217015 experience with user licenses would be a
+-L40fBo0qoY-00950-00217016-00217255 really familiar example for example a
+-L40fBo0qoY-00951-00217256-00217342 lot of people know
+-L40fBo0qoY-00952-00217344-00217606 matlab in terms of the context that it's
+-L40fBo0qoY-00953-00217607-00217846 available free for use for academia
+-L40fBo0qoY-00954-00217848-00217998 but if you're trying to use the context
+-L40fBo0qoY-00955-00218000-00218255 of company or privately
+-L40fBo0qoY-00956-00218256-00218431 suddenly the license costs a lot of
+-L40fBo0qoY-00957-00218432-00218558 money
+-L40fBo0qoY-00958-00218559-00218910 so user licenses are one perspective
+-L40fBo0qoY-00959-00218911-00219071 we're going to flip the script today
+-L40fBo0qoY-00960-00219071-00219255 because from your point of view as a
+-L40fBo0qoY-00961-00219256-00219534 creator of a project you're looking to
+-L40fBo0qoY-00962-00219535-00219727 add a license to your project
+-L40fBo0qoY-00963-00219728-00219998 that's going to tell others what they're
+-L40fBo0qoY-00964-00220000-00220167 free to do with your work
+-L40fBo0qoY-00965-00220167-00220431 um how they can share it reproduce it
+-L40fBo0qoY-00966-00220432-00220542 adapt it
+-L40fBo0qoY-00967-00220544-00220694 and what their rights and obligations
+-L40fBo0qoY-00968-00220696-00220846 are in that respect
+-L40fBo0qoY-00969-00220848-00221055 and that also gives you as the creator
+-L40fBo0qoY-00970-00221056-00221191 the protection
+-L40fBo0qoY-00971-00221192-00221527 of having those clearly in place
+-L40fBo0qoY-00972-00221528-00221767 having that framework but at the same
+-L40fBo0qoY-00973-00221767-00221903 time being able to share
+-L40fBo0qoY-00974-00221904-00222206 what you've produced really openly once
+-L40fBo0qoY-00975-00222207-00222551 that is in place so that's how licenses
+-L40fBo0qoY-00976-00222552-00222894 can be a powerful tool for sharing
+-L40fBo0qoY-00977-00222896-00223167 and that's how they also fit into the
+-L40fBo0qoY-00978-00223167-00223423 grid for the open leadership framework
+-L40fBo0qoY-00979-00223423-00223751 under the category of build for sharing
+-L40fBo0qoY-00980-00223752-00223879 licensing is something that really
+-L40fBo0qoY-00981-00223880-00224119 enables you to share your work
+-L40fBo0qoY-00982-00224119-00224463 as you build out your project um
+-L40fBo0qoY-00983-00224464-00224871 there's a few key aspects to licensing
+-L40fBo0qoY-00984-00224871-00225182 um i'm not an expert i'm not a lawyer
+-L40fBo0qoY-00985-00225183-00225415 i'm not your lawyer but we're going to
+-L40fBo0qoY-00986-00225416-00225623 continue on this basis with a bit of
+-L40fBo0qoY-00987-00225623-00225734 background
+-L40fBo0qoY-00988-00225735-00226094 for truly open licenses i think
+-L40fBo0qoY-00989-00226096-00226423 they all have common elements about use
+-L40fBo0qoY-00990-00226423-00226710 modification and sharing of software so
+-L40fBo0qoY-00991-00226711-00226815 use is just
+-L40fBo0qoY-00992-00226816-00226958 who can use the work and for what
+-L40fBo0qoY-00993-00226959-00227103 purpose whether it's commercial or
+-L40fBo0qoY-00994-00227104-00227239 research only
+-L40fBo0qoY-00995-00227240-00227487 modification can the work be modified
+-L40fBo0qoY-00996-00227488-00227727 who can modify it for what purpose
+-L40fBo0qoY-00997-00227728-00227982 and then sharing so if if you make a
+-L40fBo0qoY-00998-00227983-00228151 modification to work
+-L40fBo0qoY-00999-00228152-00228471 um can you share what you produce with
+-L40fBo0qoY-01000-00228471-00228567 other people and
+-L40fBo0qoY-01001-00228567-00228806 how and can you redistribute the
+-L40fBo0qoY-01002-00228807-00228982 original also
+-L40fBo0qoY-01003-00228983-00229175 uh there's a definition of open source
+-L40fBo0qoY-01004-00229176-00229303 down below
+-L40fBo0qoY-01005-00229304-00229503 and i'm going to avoid the debate on
+-L40fBo0qoY-01006-00229504-00229710 what open source is and is not today and
+-L40fBo0qoY-01007-00229711-00229919 skip ahead to what you guys need to know
+-L40fBo0qoY-01008-00229919-00230231 about licensing so under those
+-L40fBo0qoY-01009-00230232-00230471 three common elements of truly open
+-L40fBo0qoY-01010-00230471-00230582 licensing
+-L40fBo0qoY-01011-00230583-00230782 the first part where it's important to
+-L40fBo0qoY-01012-00230783-00230919 pay attention to
+-L40fBo0qoY-01013-00230919-00231206 how this impacts you is attribution so
+-L40fBo0qoY-01014-00231207-00231246 most
+-L40fBo0qoY-01015-00231248-00231455 open licenses will require others to
+-L40fBo0qoY-01016-00231456-00231558 credit the authors
+-L40fBo0qoY-01017-00231559-00231846 or copyright holders of the work that's
+-L40fBo0qoY-01018-00231848-00231967 a pretty common thing that a lot of
+-L40fBo0qoY-01019-00231967-00232071 people are used to
+-L40fBo0qoY-01020-00232071-00232279 examples are with the creative commons
+-L40fBo0qoY-01021-00232280-00232487 by license and almost all the other
+-L40fBo0qoY-01022-00232488-00232606 licenses
+-L40fBo0qoY-01023-00232607-00232927 you need to attribute the work
+-L40fBo0qoY-01024-00232928-00233263 when you use it to the original authors
+-L40fBo0qoY-01025-00233264-00233487 this is really common if you use a photo
+-L40fBo0qoY-01026-00233488-00233575 for example
+-L40fBo0qoY-01027-00233576-00233671 you're going to want to credit the
+-L40fBo0qoY-01028-00233671-00234055 source there's also a type of license
+-L40fBo0qoY-01029-00234056-00234319 that says there's no attribution to be
+-L40fBo0qoY-01030-00234319-00234542 made and that's a cc0 license
+-L40fBo0qoY-01031-00234544-00234703 which says that something is effectively
+-L40fBo0qoY-01032-00234704-00234823 in the public domain and there's
+-L40fBo0qoY-01033-00234823-00235071 actually no copyright holder
+-L40fBo0qoY-01034-00235071-00235351 so moving on from attribution the next
+-L40fBo0qoY-01035-00235352-00235398 important thing
+-L40fBo0qoY-01036-00235400-00235751 is distribution so when you when you're
+-L40fBo0qoY-01037-00235752-00235934 distributing something that's the
+-L40fBo0qoY-01038-00235935-00236055 original or
+-L40fBo0qoY-01039-00236056-00236279 something that you've modified what are
+-L40fBo0qoY-01040-00236280-00236439 your rights and obligations
+-L40fBo0qoY-01041-00236440-00236846 so the two main types of open licensing
+-L40fBo0qoY-01042-00236848-00237223 aspects are non-copy left and copy left
+-L40fBo0qoY-01043-00237223-00237431 starting with copy left this is a
+-L40fBo0qoY-01044-00237432-00237727 permissive non-reciprocal license
+-L40fBo0qoY-01045-00237728-00237967 uh the important point is that it's an
+-L40fBo0qoY-01046-00237967-00238158 open license that does not require
+-L40fBo0qoY-01047-00238159-00238327 derivative works to be shared using the
+-L40fBo0qoY-01048-00238328-00238471 same license
+-L40fBo0qoY-01049-00238471-00238839 examples are the cc by license mit bsd
+-L40fBo0qoY-01050-00238840-00239206 and apl 2.0 license on the other hand
+-L40fBo0qoY-01051-00239207-00239375 you have copy left licenses these are
+-L40fBo0qoY-01052-00239376-00239606 reciprocal or viral licenses
+-L40fBo0qoY-01053-00239607-00239798 and the idea is that an open license
+-L40fBo0qoY-01054-00239800-00239982 it's an open license that requires
+-L40fBo0qoY-01055-00239983-00240151 all derivative works to be shared with
+-L40fBo0qoY-01056-00240152-00240319 the same license so anything
+-L40fBo0qoY-01057-00240319-00240615 downstream of the original code or
+-L40fBo0qoY-01058-00240616-00240727 product
+-L40fBo0qoY-01059-00240728-00240998 needs to be shared using the same
+-L40fBo0qoY-01060-00241000-00241094 license
+-L40fBo0qoY-01061-00241096-00241271 so in that sense you're restricted to
+-L40fBo0qoY-01062-00241271-00241471 the same conditions
+-L40fBo0qoY-01063-00241471-00241727 so examples of that are the cc by sa
+-L40fBo0qoY-01064-00241728-00241798 license
+-L40fBo0qoY-01065-00241800-00242015 gpl v3 which is really common in the
+-L40fBo0qoY-01066-00242016-00242182 unix community
+-L40fBo0qoY-01067-00242183-00242406 and or linux community i should say um
+-L40fBo0qoY-01068-00242407-00242687 then npl 2.0
+-L40fBo0qoY-01069-00242688-00242903 so just a bit more context about these
+-L40fBo0qoY-01070-00242904-00243023 two
+-L40fBo0qoY-01071-00243023-00243215 aspects what does it mean to require
+-L40fBo0qoY-01072-00243216-00243351 derivative works to be shared with the
+-L40fBo0qoY-01073-00243352-00243542 same license or not
+-L40fBo0qoY-01074-00243544-00243830 um in my context we make an open source
+-L40fBo0qoY-01075-00243831-00243927 tool
+-L40fBo0qoY-01076-00243928-00244230 and we allow people to fork it freely
+-L40fBo0qoY-01077-00244231-00244487 make their own adaptations and then use
+-L40fBo0qoY-01078-00244488-00244694 that for their own purposes
+-L40fBo0qoY-01079-00244696-00244863 but the moment that they want to share
+-L40fBo0qoY-01080-00244864-00245151 what they've done features they've added
+-L40fBo0qoY-01081-00245152-00245527 maybe domain specific um tools or
+-L40fBo0qoY-01082-00245528-00245663 content
+-L40fBo0qoY-01083-00245664-00245919 in there the moment they want to share
+-L40fBo0qoY-01084-00245919-00246087 that with let's say their colleagues in
+-L40fBo0qoY-01085-00246088-00246391 the same field or someone else
+-L40fBo0qoY-01086-00246392-00246630 our license is a gpl3 which is a
+-L40fBo0qoY-01087-00246631-00246871 copyleft license and it governs them
+-L40fBo0qoY-01088-00246871-00247110 so we've effectively required them to
+-L40fBo0qoY-01089-00247111-00247223 contribute
+-L40fBo0qoY-01090-00247223-00247487 their modifications back to the
+-L40fBo0qoY-01091-00247488-00247606 community
+-L40fBo0qoY-01092-00247607-00247991 and the idea with that is that anything
+-L40fBo0qoY-01093-00247992-00248079 open
+-L40fBo0qoY-01094-00248080-00248446 needs to stay open so the good side is
+-L40fBo0qoY-01095-00248448-00248606 that the community
+-L40fBo0qoY-01096-00248607-00249079 benefits that's the idea um the
+-L40fBo0qoY-01097-00249080-00249367 downside to think about with copyleft is
+-L40fBo0qoY-01098-00249367-00249463 that
+-L40fBo0qoY-01099-00249464-00249798 it means that um it might actually be a
+-L40fBo0qoY-01100-00249800-00249982 deterrent in some cases
+-L40fBo0qoY-01101-00249983-00250158 from letting people use it for private
+-L40fBo0qoY-01102-00250159-00250391 use because it can't go very far without
+-L40fBo0qoY-01103-00250392-00250439 them
+-L40fBo0qoY-01104-00250440-00250798 being obligated to openly share it uh on
+-L40fBo0qoY-01105-00250800-00250919 the other hand
+-L40fBo0qoY-01106-00250919-00251351 copyleft also has the benefit that um
+-L40fBo0qoY-01107-00251352-00251663 let me flip that statement non-copy left
+-L40fBo0qoY-01108-00251664-00252006 some licenses actually enable people to
+-L40fBo0qoY-01109-00252007-00252094 take your work
+-L40fBo0qoY-01110-00252096-00252334 make their own version and technically
+-L40fBo0qoY-01111-00252335-00252519 they could actually sell that version
+-L40fBo0qoY-01112-00252519-00252671 that they modify
+-L40fBo0qoY-01113-00252671-00252839 so that's something to keep in mind with
+-L40fBo0qoY-01114-00252840-00253030 non-copy left licenses
+-L40fBo0qoY-01115-00253031-00253255 there's many things to look at on both
+-L40fBo0qoY-01116-00253256-00253479 sides but that's kind of the context in
+-L40fBo0qoY-01117-00253480-00253630 which these things are
+-L40fBo0qoY-01118-00253631-00253998 important so
+-L40fBo0qoY-01119-00254000-00254294 moving on um for in terms of patent
+-L40fBo0qoY-01120-00254296-00254519 clauses most modern open source software
+-L40fBo0qoY-01121-00254519-00254791 licensings do you contain a clause that
+-L40fBo0qoY-01122-00254792-00254991 is designed to prevent people from using
+-L40fBo0qoY-01123-00254992-00255127 patent lot to take away
+-L40fBo0qoY-01124-00255128-00255351 open source rights but that's called
+-L40fBo0qoY-01125-00255352-00255567 patent snapback and it means that the
+-L40fBo0qoY-01126-00255567-00255663 patent rights
+-L40fBo0qoY-01127-00255664-00255919 sort of by default revert to the person
+-L40fBo0qoY-01128-00255919-00256046 who released it
+-L40fBo0qoY-01129-00256048-00256479 examples of this are npl apl and gpl v3
+-L40fBo0qoY-01130-00256480-00256663 sometimes this isn't applicable in older
+-L40fBo0qoY-01131-00256664-00256823 licenses like mit
+-L40fBo0qoY-01132-00256823-00256998 and bsd but i don't think that will be a
+-L40fBo0qoY-01133-00257000-00257239 concern for people applying licenses
+-L40fBo0qoY-01134-00257240-00257430 here necessarily
+-L40fBo0qoY-01135-00257431-00257671 um in terms of how to apply a license
+-L40fBo0qoY-01136-00257671-00257846 it's actually very simple
+-L40fBo0qoY-01137-00257848-00257998 if you're using github which i think
+-L40fBo0qoY-01138-00258000-00258158 this program still is
+-L40fBo0qoY-01139-00258159-00258558 as a default tool then um
+-L40fBo0qoY-01140-00258559-00258830 github has a really easy it's not even a
+-L40fBo0qoY-01141-00258831-00258991 workflow it's like a prompt
+-L40fBo0qoY-01142-00258992-00259158 when you start a new project to add a
+-L40fBo0qoY-01143-00259159-00259406 license as you can see from the slide
+-L40fBo0qoY-01144-00259407-00259598 it's a drop down that you just select
+-L40fBo0qoY-01145-00259600-00259742 what kind of license you
+-L40fBo0qoY-01146-00259744-00260046 want to use so couldn't be easier
+-L40fBo0qoY-01147-00260048-00260351 to actually apply it on your file um and
+-L40fBo0qoY-01148-00260352-00260551 it's typically in a file called license
+-L40fBo0qoY-01149-00260552-00260758 or license.txt
+-L40fBo0qoY-01150-00260759-00260958 often all caps you can just stick it in
+-L40fBo0qoY-01151-00260959-00261127 the main directory of your project and
+-L40fBo0qoY-01152-00261128-00261398 get how well do that for you
+-L40fBo0qoY-01153-00261400-00261575 so also in terms of how to apply a
+-L40fBo0qoY-01154-00261576-00261855 license beyond just putting the file in
+-L40fBo0qoY-01155-00261856-00261894 your
+-L40fBo0qoY-01156-00261896-00262087 repository there are specific
+-L40fBo0qoY-01157-00262088-00262230 instructions you need to follow on
+-L40fBo0qoY-01158-00262231-00262391 certain licenses
+-L40fBo0qoY-01159-00262392-00262582 details are available at those links
+-L40fBo0qoY-01160-00262583-00262871 choose a license.com creativecommons.org
+-L40fBo0qoY-01161-00262872-00263006 those links will appear again on the
+-L40fBo0qoY-01162-00263007-00263199 last slide so we'll come back to these
+-L40fBo0qoY-01163-00263200-00263358 resources
+-L40fBo0qoY-01164-00263359-00263534 also good to know is that you can have
+-L40fBo0qoY-01165-00263535-00263727 multiple licenses within a single
+-L40fBo0qoY-01166-00263728-00263791 project
+-L40fBo0qoY-01167-00263792-00264023 some for content and some for the actual
+-L40fBo0qoY-01168-00264024-00264151 software part
+-L40fBo0qoY-01169-00264152-00264310 just long as you're clear about which
+-L40fBo0qoY-01170-00264311-00264495 goes on which and that's typically done
+-L40fBo0qoY-01171-00264496-00264871 in the readme of your project
+-L40fBo0qoY-01172-00264872-00265279 details uh on copyleft non-copyleft
+-L40fBo0qoY-01173-00265280-00265734 patent snapback older
+-L40fBo0qoY-01174-00265735-00266095 licenses with no patent clause versus
+-L40fBo0qoY-01175-00266096-00266351 attribution and no attribution is broken
+-L40fBo0qoY-01176-00266352-00266551 down here in this table
+-L40fBo0qoY-01177-00266552-00266830 uh there's uh you know choose a
+-L40fBo0qoY-01178-00266831-00267039 license.com is a great resource for
+-L40fBo0qoY-01179-00267040-00267247 choosing licenses for software for
+-L40fBo0qoY-01180-00267248-00267423 content people might gravitate towards
+-L40fBo0qoY-01181-00267424-00267695 the creative commons licensing
+-L40fBo0qoY-01182-00267696-00267871 and then i'm going to put a caveat at
+-L40fBo0qoY-01183-00267872-00267999 the bottom for data
+-L40fBo0qoY-01184-00268000-00268343 some people use cco i am not going to go
+-L40fBo0qoY-01185-00268344-00268455 into that today
+-L40fBo0qoY-01186-00268456-00268599 but i just want to say like from my
+-L40fBo0qoY-01187-00268600-00268791 research context
+-L40fBo0qoY-01188-00268792-00269039 data licensing and data sharing is very
+-L40fBo0qoY-01189-00269040-00269110 special
+-L40fBo0qoY-01190-00269111-00269334 and very tricky there are a lot of
+-L40fBo0qoY-01191-00269335-00269463 considerations
+-L40fBo0qoY-01192-00269464-00269671 um for some of you who might be doing a
+-L40fBo0qoY-01193-00269672-00269767 survey
+-L40fBo0qoY-01194-00269768-00270023 for your project you might want to
+-L40fBo0qoY-01195-00270024-00270071 include
+-L40fBo0qoY-01196-00270072-00270310 participation considerations such as
+-L40fBo0qoY-01197-00270311-00270447 participant consent
+-L40fBo0qoY-01198-00270448-00270647 and the ethics of data sharing if you're
+-L40fBo0qoY-01199-00270648-00270791 collecting data
+-L40fBo0qoY-01200-00270792-00271015 whether your data can be used for
+-L40fBo0qoY-01201-00271016-00271191 commercial purposes or you just want it
+-L40fBo0qoY-01202-00271192-00271382 used for research purposes and what that
+-L40fBo0qoY-01203-00271383-00271495 means
+-L40fBo0qoY-01204-00271496-00271815 so licensing data is a whole other field
+-L40fBo0qoY-01205-00271816-00272006 and i'll leave that sort of out of the
+-L40fBo0qoY-01206-00272007-00272199 scope of today's talk
+-L40fBo0qoY-01207-00272200-00272455 uh if anyone's doing a hardware project
+-L40fBo0qoY-01208-00272456-00272543 just for fun
+-L40fBo0qoY-01209-00272544-00272758 on the side hardware licenses are also
+-L40fBo0qoY-01210-00272759-00272903 another specialty
+-L40fBo0qoY-01211-00272904-00273039 so those things are slightly out of the
+-L40fBo0qoY-01212-00273040-00273247 scope today but uh
+-L40fBo0qoY-01213-00273248-00273558 still definitely relevant domains so
+-L40fBo0qoY-01214-00273559-00273751 coming to the end here are some links
+-L40fBo0qoY-01215-00273752-00273927 for further reading
+-L40fBo0qoY-01216-00273928-00274158 um there are some books there are some
+-L40fBo0qoY-01217-00274159-00274247 guides
+-L40fBo0qoY-01218-00274248-00274606 um and one thing i would advise is that
+-L40fBo0qoY-01219-00274607-00274799 when you're choosing a license
+-L40fBo0qoY-01220-00274800-00275063 don't go to the wikipedia page uh yo
+-L40fBo0qoY-01221-00275064-00275182 this is the meme i was going to make for
+-L40fBo0qoY-01222-00275183-00275455 you don't go to the wikipedia page
+-L40fBo0qoY-01223-00275456-00275710 do actually look around in your
+-L40fBo0qoY-01224-00275711-00275895 community that you're going to release
+-L40fBo0qoY-01225-00275896-00275999 your project into
+-L40fBo0qoY-01226-00276000-00276199 whether that's the code or the the
+-L40fBo0qoY-01227-00276200-00276399 program or framework or the data that
+-L40fBo0qoY-01228-00276400-00276471 you're
+-L40fBo0qoY-01229-00276472-00276663 that you're working towards what's the
+-L40fBo0qoY-01230-00276664-00276823 community
+-L40fBo0qoY-01231-00276824-00277103 that's going to use it and modify and
+-L40fBo0qoY-01232-00277104-00277279 adapt it and take it further
+-L40fBo0qoY-01233-00277280-00277623 and what licensing is the norm or common
+-L40fBo0qoY-01234-00277624-00277782 practice there
+-L40fBo0qoY-01235-00277783-00278055 because you are also signaling uh kind
+-L40fBo0qoY-01236-00278056-00278206 of like the values of your project
+-L40fBo0qoY-01237-00278207-00278375 through the licensing that you use
+-L40fBo0qoY-01238-00278376-00278639 and you want to use as much as possible
+-L40fBo0qoY-01239-00278640-00278799 a license that people are comfortable
+-L40fBo0qoY-01240-00278800-00279071 with and confirms with the standards
+-L40fBo0qoY-01241-00279072-00279239 that um
+-L40fBo0qoY-01242-00279240-00279487 that that are prevalent in the community
+-L40fBo0qoY-01243-00279488-00279655 that you're actually trying to attract
+-L40fBo0qoY-01244-00279656-00279734 and
+-L40fBo0qoY-01245-00279735-00280071 build with okay and then at the bottom
+-L40fBo0qoY-01246-00280072-00280358 choose a license mozilla open leadership
+-L40fBo0qoY-01247-00280359-00280551 actually has its own page on licensing
+-L40fBo0qoY-01248-00280552-00280758 so they have a nice summary there
+-L40fBo0qoY-01249-00280759-00280934 and then those links again for choose a
+-L40fBo0qoY-01250-00280935-00281063 license.com
+-L40fBo0qoY-01251-00281064-00281175 which is kind of like choose your own
+-L40fBo0qoY-01252-00281176-00281423 adventure explorer licensing
+-L40fBo0qoY-01253-00281424-00281703 and creativecommons.org are great
+-L40fBo0qoY-01254-00281704-00281830 resources
+-L40fBo0qoY-01255-00281831-00282134 for um getting started on this licensing
+-L40fBo0qoY-01256-00282135-00282271 adventure
+-L40fBo0qoY-01257-00282272-00282575 so i hope that helps with that covering
+-L40fBo0qoY-01258-00282576-00282815 some content for licensing
+-L40fBo0qoY-01259-00282816-00283271 and that's my talk today
+-L40fBo0qoY-01260-00283272-00283543 so i'm gonna stop sharing my screen and
+-L40fBo0qoY-01261-00283544-00283575 uh
+-L40fBo0qoY-01262-00283576-00283847 definitely invite some questions did i
+-L40fBo0qoY-01263-00283848-00283975 make it all the way through with
+-L40fBo0qoY-01264-00283976-00284279 sound and video okay
+-L40fBo0qoY-01265-00284280-00284503 yeah okay all right some things are
+-L40fBo0qoY-01266-00284504-00285247 going all right
+-L40fBo0qoY-01267-00285248-00285463 is there anything i can go back over or
+-L40fBo0qoY-01268-00285464-00285615 break down
+-L40fBo0qoY-01269-00285616-00285895 we have a question in the line number
+-L40fBo0qoY-01270-00285896-00286095 319
+-L40fBo0qoY-01271-00286096-00286303 if it's still okay it's around that what
+-L40fBo0qoY-01272-00286304-00286543 is the difference between non-copy left
+-L40fBo0qoY-01273-00286544-00286782 and copyrights
+-L40fBo0qoY-01274-00286783-00287127 so copyright again i'm not an expert i'm
+-L40fBo0qoY-01275-00287128-00287263 not a lawyer
+-L40fBo0qoY-01276-00287264-00287527 copyright is considered non-open let's
+-L40fBo0qoY-01277-00287528-00287623 just say
+-L40fBo0qoY-01278-00287624-00287782 copyright is about the protection of
+-L40fBo0qoY-01279-00287783-00288023 rights all rights reserved
+-L40fBo0qoY-01280-00288024-00288303 um and generally it doesn't permit so
+-L40fBo0qoY-01281-00288304-00288351 much
+-L40fBo0qoY-01282-00288352-00288727 um adaptation and redistribution
+-L40fBo0qoY-01283-00288728-00289039 of a particular property
+-L40fBo0qoY-01284-00289040-00289382 uh like software uh
+-L40fBo0qoY-01285-00289383-00289767 copylept and non-copyleft are more
+-L40fBo0qoY-01286-00289768-00290039 like under the umbrella of open licenses
+-L40fBo0qoY-01287-00290040-00290134 where
+-L40fBo0qoY-01288-00290135-00290303 you know that you are going to permit
+-L40fBo0qoY-01289-00290304-00290447 adaptation modification and
+-L40fBo0qoY-01290-00290448-00290551 redistribution
+-L40fBo0qoY-01291-00290552-00290734 the question is just how and what are
+-L40fBo0qoY-01292-00290735-00291039 the restrictions on that
+-L40fBo0qoY-01293-00291040-00291279 perfect thanks so much christine i'll
+-L40fBo0qoY-01294-00291280-00291439 let people
+-L40fBo0qoY-01295-00291440-00291663 leave some questions there and because
+-L40fBo0qoY-01296-00291664-00291847 we are massively behind time
+-L40fBo0qoY-01297-00291848-00292054 let's thank christine and move on to the
+-L40fBo0qoY-01298-00292055-00292239 next speaker thanks so much christine
+-L40fBo0qoY-01299-00292240-00292430 for coming back to the call
+-L40fBo0qoY-01300-00292431-00292775 my pleasure so we have our next speaker
+-L40fBo0qoY-01301-00292776-00292895 matthias kozak
+-L40fBo0qoY-01302-00292896-00293047 who's on the call he's going to talk
+-L40fBo0qoY-01303-00293048-00293206 about readme
+-L40fBo0qoY-01304-00293207-00293454 um he was a previous mentor in the
+-L40fBo0qoY-01305-00293455-00293543 program
+-L40fBo0qoY-01306-00293544-00294071 and an expert in this cohort
+-L40fBo0qoY-01307-00294072-00294415 should i start sharing yeah correct
+-L40fBo0qoY-01308-00294416-00294727 okay so you should
+-L40fBo0qoY-01309-00294728-00294975 now see my slide that is the first slide
+-L40fBo0qoY-01310-00294976-00295087 yeah
+-L40fBo0qoY-01311-00295088-00295319 um yeah so i will be talking about the
+-L40fBo0qoY-01312-00295320-00295495 readmes
+-L40fBo0qoY-01313-00295496-00295871 but first uh i will introduce myself my
+-L40fBo0qoY-01314-00295872-00295919 name is mata
+-L40fBo0qoY-01315-00295920-00296079 kozak i'm a community manager at the
+-L40fBo0qoY-01316-00296080-00296271 netherlands science center
+-L40fBo0qoY-01317-00296272-00296527 my background is life sciences cell
+-L40fBo0qoY-01318-00296528-00296671 biophysics
+-L40fBo0qoY-01319-00296672-00296982 and bioinformatics and for a while i've
+-L40fBo0qoY-01320-00296983-00297023 been
+-L40fBo0qoY-01321-00297024-00297191 a research software engineer so i've
+-L40fBo0qoY-01322-00297192-00297406 been developing research software
+-L40fBo0qoY-01323-00297407-00297663 and for for a while now i'm the
+-L40fBo0qoY-01324-00297664-00297806 community manager
+-L40fBo0qoY-01325-00297807-00297951 in the area of research software
+-L40fBo0qoY-01326-00297952-00298151 engineering so i usually help
+-L40fBo0qoY-01327-00298152-00298367 research software engineers connect to
+-L40fBo0qoY-01328-00298368-00298479 their communities
+-L40fBo0qoY-01329-00298480-00298654 and help them help them with their
+-L40fBo0qoY-01330-00298655-00298806 projects and
+-L40fBo0qoY-01331-00298807-00298991 and i guess that's why i'm talking here
+-L40fBo0qoY-01332-00298992-00299143 about the readme files
+-L40fBo0qoY-01333-00299144-00299382 because that's part of the things how do
+-L40fBo0qoY-01334-00299383-00299479 you interact
+-L40fBo0qoY-01335-00299480-00299799 uh or make the interaction better with
+-L40fBo0qoY-01336-00299800-00300030 the community that is interested in your
+-L40fBo0qoY-01337-00300031-00300182 software or how do you
+-L40fBo0qoY-01338-00300183-00300406 make or get your community interested in
+-L40fBo0qoY-01339-00300407-00300558 your projects
+-L40fBo0qoY-01340-00300559-00300910 um so from this
+-L40fBo0qoY-01341-00300911-00301095 very short talk we'll learn how to use
+-L40fBo0qoY-01342-00301096-00301263 the readme to communicate information
+-L40fBo0qoY-01343-00301264-00301495 about your project effectively
+-L40fBo0qoY-01344-00301496-00301703 how to write clear description of the
+-L40fBo0qoY-01345-00301704-00301871 project
+-L40fBo0qoY-01346-00301872-00302191 which is very important and it's
+-L40fBo0qoY-01347-00302192-00302423 actually quite difficult despite what
+-L40fBo0qoY-01348-00302424-00302519 you might think
+-L40fBo0qoY-01349-00302520-00302895 it's easy to um
+-L40fBo0qoY-01350-00302896-00303191 not realize that we're using jargon or
+-L40fBo0qoY-01351-00303192-00303351 we're making things more complicated
+-L40fBo0qoY-01352-00303352-00303551 because of our background
+-L40fBo0qoY-01353-00303552-00303806 and and that we know much more that
+-L40fBo0qoY-01354-00303807-00303910 other people
+-L40fBo0qoY-01355-00303911-00304295 might do and we'll show some examples
+-L40fBo0qoY-01356-00304296-00304558 some good examples of readme files
+-L40fBo0qoY-01357-00304559-00304830 um and i guess your assignment will be
+-L40fBo0qoY-01358-00304831-00304879 to
+-L40fBo0qoY-01359-00304880-00305103 either revise or improve or start your
+-L40fBo0qoY-01360-00305104-00305439 readme file for your project
+-L40fBo0qoY-01361-00305440-00305751 so again we have this matrix of of
+-L40fBo0qoY-01362-00305752-00306134 how where things are in the ols project
+-L40fBo0qoY-01363-00306135-00306303 so this is a part of build for
+-L40fBo0qoY-01364-00306304-00306510 understanding it's about communicating
+-L40fBo0qoY-01365-00306511-00306582 things about
+-L40fBo0qoY-01366-00306583-00306823 your project it's about facilitation
+-L40fBo0qoY-01367-00306824-00306958 collaboration
+-L40fBo0qoY-01368-00306959-00307263 it's about facilitation maintenance and
+-L40fBo0qoY-01369-00307264-00307671 uh helping with the project management
+-L40fBo0qoY-01370-00307672-00308063 um so the redmi is like a door map for
+-L40fBo0qoY-01371-00308064-00308151 your project
+-L40fBo0qoY-01372-00308152-00308367 it's the first thing that people will
+-L40fBo0qoY-01373-00308368-00308558 see when they go to github they go to
+-L40fBo0qoY-01374-00308559-00308758 your github page of the project
+-L40fBo0qoY-01375-00308759-00308951 that's what they see the the content of
+-L40fBo0qoY-01376-00308952-00309103 the of the readme file
+-L40fBo0qoY-01377-00309104-00309343 so this is like your unique opportunity
+-L40fBo0qoY-01378-00309344-00309406 to get
+-L40fBo0qoY-01379-00309407-00309599 to to make a good impression it's like
+-L40fBo0qoY-01380-00309600-00309799 the the first impression where you
+-L40fBo0qoY-01381-00309800-00310015 make when you met meet someone first
+-L40fBo0qoY-01382-00310016-00310199 time uh so this is
+-L40fBo0qoY-01383-00310200-00310430 when your potential contributors or
+-L40fBo0qoY-01384-00310431-00310510 users
+-L40fBo0qoY-01385-00310511-00310703 are going to meet your project and
+-L40fBo0qoY-01386-00310704-00310854 that's why it's very important
+-L40fBo0qoY-01387-00310855-00311143 that they don't get discouraged uh when
+-L40fBo0qoY-01388-00311144-00311303 they see it but they actually get
+-L40fBo0qoY-01389-00311304-00311551 interested so how how can we make it
+-L40fBo0qoY-01390-00311552-00311654 happen
+-L40fBo0qoY-01391-00311655-00312047 um but first what actually is the readme
+-L40fBo0qoY-01392-00312048-00312327 um the reason is it's a text file
+-L40fBo0qoY-01393-00312328-00312503 usually
+-L40fBo0qoY-01394-00312504-00312815 it's it's found in the root directory of
+-L40fBo0qoY-01395-00312816-00312958 your repository
+-L40fBo0qoY-01396-00312959-00313310 so all of you are working now on github
+-L40fBo0qoY-01397-00313311-00313567 with your projects when you create a
+-L40fBo0qoY-01398-00313568-00313623 project
+-L40fBo0qoY-01399-00313624-00313806 github will automatically create a
+-L40fBo0qoY-01400-00313807-00313951 greeting file for you
+-L40fBo0qoY-01401-00313952-00314110 based on the information that you
+-L40fBo0qoY-01402-00314111-00314271 provided when you created the project
+-L40fBo0qoY-01403-00314272-00314471 so there will be a header which will be
+-L40fBo0qoY-01404-00314472-00314623 a name of your project and then there
+-L40fBo0qoY-01405-00314624-00314782 will be a short description
+-L40fBo0qoY-01406-00314783-00314951 uh the description that you put in when
+-L40fBo0qoY-01407-00314952-00315134 you created a project
+-L40fBo0qoY-01408-00315135-00315382 so i guess you already started with the
+-L40fBo0qoY-01409-00315383-00315487 readme file
+-L40fBo0qoY-01410-00315488-00315782 it's usually all in caps so all link
+-L40fBo0qoY-01411-00315783-00316006 apps read me it could be readme.txt
+-L40fBo0qoY-01412-00316007-00316382 or readme.md which stands for markdown
+-L40fBo0qoY-01413-00316383-00316630 and markdown files are automatically
+-L40fBo0qoY-01414-00316631-00316710 rendered
+-L40fBo0qoY-01415-00316711-00316975 on github in a nice way and they give
+-L40fBo0qoY-01416-00316976-00317063 you more
+-L40fBo0qoY-01417-00317064-00317382 possibility to to add some design
+-L40fBo0qoY-01418-00317383-00317695 things in your readme uh over the text
+-L40fBo0qoY-01419-00317696-00317934 files simple uh text files
+-L40fBo0qoY-01420-00317935-00318223 um yeah and as i already said this is
+-L40fBo0qoY-01421-00318224-00318423 the first thing that people will see
+-L40fBo0qoY-01422-00318424-00318854 um so what's in the readme um
+-L40fBo0qoY-01423-00318855-00319110 it's a there should be a description of
+-L40fBo0qoY-01424-00319111-00319206 what is your project
+-L40fBo0qoY-01425-00319207-00319591 about why is it important um
+-L40fBo0qoY-01426-00319592-00319815 who is the audience of the project i
+-L40fBo0qoY-01427-00319816-00319895 want them mo
+-L40fBo0qoY-01428-00319896-00320054 what makes your project special or
+-L40fBo0qoY-01429-00320055-00320287 exciting like why people would
+-L40fBo0qoY-01430-00320288-00320582 should get excited about it and how they
+-L40fBo0qoY-01431-00320583-00320679 can get started
+-L40fBo0qoY-01432-00320680-00320879 either to use it or collaborate with you
+-L40fBo0qoY-01433-00320880-00321151 or to contribute to the project
+-L40fBo0qoY-01434-00321152-00321447 and where they can find the the key
+-L40fBo0qoY-01435-00321448-00321543 resources
+-L40fBo0qoY-01436-00321544-00321767 to to like start their journey with your
+-L40fBo0qoY-01437-00321768-00321903 project
+-L40fBo0qoY-01438-00321904-00322103 um and you can use the opencanvas to
+-L40fBo0qoY-01439-00322104-00322454 start your readme file
+-L40fBo0qoY-01440-00322455-00322671 i will show some examples and examples
+-L40fBo0qoY-01441-00322672-00322791 of the things that you can add
+-L40fBo0qoY-01442-00322792-00323191 to make your readme more effective
+-L40fBo0qoY-01443-00323192-00323454 this is the example from the stem role
+-L40fBo0qoY-01444-00323455-00323606 models up
+-L40fBo0qoY-01445-00323607-00323943 and and you see here uh there is the
+-L40fBo0qoY-01446-00323944-00324230 in in large letters there is the name of
+-L40fBo0qoY-01447-00324231-00324319 the project
+-L40fBo0qoY-01448-00324320-00324487 and then there is a vision of the
+-L40fBo0qoY-01449-00324488-00324630 project which i really like it's like
+-L40fBo0qoY-01450-00324631-00324679 the first
+-L40fBo0qoY-01451-00324680-00324871 thing you see is the the name and the
+-L40fBo0qoY-01452-00324872-00325006 vision of the project so it gives you
+-L40fBo0qoY-01453-00325007-00325047 the
+-L40fBo0qoY-01454-00325048-00325206 already the perspective what what is
+-L40fBo0qoY-01455-00325207-00325399 this about and then
+-L40fBo0qoY-01456-00325400-00325591 there's there's this very welcoming
+-L40fBo0qoY-01457-00325592-00325775 message
+-L40fBo0qoY-01458-00325776-00326047 and there are some links to more
+-L40fBo0qoY-01459-00326048-00326206 resources to find out to learn more
+-L40fBo0qoY-01460-00326207-00326454 about the project and
+-L40fBo0qoY-01461-00326455-00326710 usually you also have so the the name
+-L40fBo0qoY-01462-00326711-00326782 the vision
+-L40fBo0qoY-01463-00326783-00327095 the welcome message project description
+-L40fBo0qoY-01464-00327096-00327239 these are all the things that we need in
+-L40fBo0qoY-01465-00327240-00327447 the readme file you can also add
+-L40fBo0qoY-01466-00327448-00327654 information how to contribute how to get
+-L40fBo0qoY-01467-00327655-00327751 involved
+-L40fBo0qoY-01468-00327752-00327991 um in the previous algorithm we already
+-L40fBo0qoY-01469-00327992-00328063 heard
+-L40fBo0qoY-01470-00328064-00328230 uh it's a good place to put information
+-L40fBo0qoY-01471-00328231-00328399 about the license that is used apart
+-L40fBo0qoY-01472-00328400-00328591 from having a license file
+-L40fBo0qoY-01473-00328592-00328751 and also information about the code of
+-L40fBo0qoY-01474-00328752-00329023 conduct and how to report
+-L40fBo0qoY-01475-00329024-00329271 violations because you want people who
+-L40fBo0qoY-01476-00329272-00329327 join to
+-L40fBo0qoY-01477-00329328-00329551 to know that there is a code of conduct
+-L40fBo0qoY-01478-00329552-00329687 and that this is the
+-L40fBo0qoY-01479-00329688-00330143 safe place to interact with others um
+-L40fBo0qoY-01480-00330144-00330430 what else communicate the expectations
+-L40fBo0qoY-01481-00330431-00330599 around the readiness
+-L40fBo0qoY-01482-00330600-00330847 it is important not every project is
+-L40fBo0qoY-01483-00330848-00331015 ready from the start
+-L40fBo0qoY-01484-00331016-00331223 but you want to make sure that you
+-L40fBo0qoY-01485-00331224-00331382 communicate it clearly what is the
+-L40fBo0qoY-01486-00331383-00331558 status of the project
+-L40fBo0qoY-01487-00331559-00331887 um is it very early stage or is it ready
+-L40fBo0qoY-01488-00331888-00331999 for use
+-L40fBo0qoY-01489-00332000-00332295 um communicate expectations for managing
+-L40fBo0qoY-01490-00332296-00332399 contributions
+-L40fBo0qoY-01491-00332400-00332575 like what kind of contributions are you
+-L40fBo0qoY-01492-00332576-00332847 looking for um
+-L40fBo0qoY-01493-00332848-00333110 are you like what is the level of your
+-L40fBo0qoY-01494-00333111-00333310 time commitment how much can you support
+-L40fBo0qoY-01495-00333311-00333463 the contributors to your project
+-L40fBo0qoY-01496-00333464-00333606 because maybe you don't have those
+-L40fBo0qoY-01497-00333607-00333791 resources and you can't spend all you
+-L40fBo0qoY-01498-00333792-00333878 have limited
+-L40fBo0qoY-01499-00333879-00334247 resources or you have
+-L40fBo0qoY-01500-00334248-00334399 like specific ways that you would like
+-L40fBo0qoY-01501-00334400-00334719 to collaborate with others
+-L40fBo0qoY-01502-00334720-00334951 that also means describe communication
+-L40fBo0qoY-01503-00334952-00335127 channels and here's the example from the
+-L40fBo0qoY-01504-00335128-00335247 reprohack uh
+-L40fBo0qoY-01505-00335248-00335495 github repository so this is the the
+-L40fBo0qoY-01506-00335496-00335615 hackathon
+-L40fBo0qoY-01507-00335616-00335823 which is focused on trying to reproduce
+-L40fBo0qoY-01508-00335824-00335943 research papers
+-L40fBo0qoY-01509-00335944-00336110 and you see here first of all there is
+-L40fBo0qoY-01510-00336111-00336278 this welcoming message
+-L40fBo0qoY-01511-00336279-00336527 but also you see the repo status which
+-L40fBo0qoY-01512-00336528-00336743 is in this case is wip which is working
+-L40fBo0qoY-01513-00336744-00336927 progress so it emphasizes it's
+-L40fBo0qoY-01514-00336928-00337175 it's still working progress but it also
+-L40fBo0qoY-01515-00337176-00337310 shows you how you can
+-L40fBo0qoY-01516-00337311-00337558 join the conversations by joining slack
+-L40fBo0qoY-01517-00337559-00337743 by pressing the button join
+-L40fBo0qoY-01518-00337744-00338006 join us and you can also keep in touch
+-L40fBo0qoY-01519-00338007-00338175 and see what's happening by subscribing
+-L40fBo0qoY-01520-00338176-00338478 to the newsletter
+-L40fBo0qoY-01521-00338479-00338767 and you might be already familiar with
+-L40fBo0qoY-01522-00338768-00338943 uh with badges
+-L40fBo0qoY-01523-00338944-00339278 so github uses those badges on readme
+-L40fBo0qoY-01524-00339279-00339334 files
+-L40fBo0qoY-01525-00339335-00339630 these are very nice way like colorful
+-L40fBo0qoY-01526-00339631-00339719 ways
+-L40fBo0qoY-01527-00339720-00340110 of communicating various things that are
+-L40fBo0qoY-01528-00340111-00340351 about your project there's a version of
+-L40fBo0qoY-01529-00340352-00340487 your
+-L40fBo0qoY-01530-00340488-00340734 software if you have releases the
+-L40fBo0qoY-01531-00340735-00340823 license
+-L40fBo0qoY-01532-00340824-00341039 the quality of the code the
+-L40fBo0qoY-01533-00341040-00341167 documentation
+-L40fBo0qoY-01534-00341168-00341406 testing does it have a continuous
+-L40fBo0qoY-01535-00341407-00341727 integration things like that
+-L40fBo0qoY-01536-00341728-00342030 um and then yeah you can uh sprinkle it
+-L40fBo0qoY-01537-00342031-00342071 with
+-L40fBo0qoY-01538-00342072-00342367 emojis it would be more colorful uh not
+-L40fBo0qoY-01539-00342368-00342510 everyone likes it but if you
+-L40fBo0qoY-01540-00342511-00342743 if you like it that's also you can make
+-L40fBo0qoY-01541-00342744-00342903 it i think it makes it
+-L40fBo0qoY-01542-00342904-00343206 a bit more friendly um
+-L40fBo0qoY-01543-00343207-00343406 and sometimes you need to communicate
+-L40fBo0qoY-01544-00343407-00343575 something which is more complicated
+-L40fBo0qoY-01545-00343576-00343806 you you want to show how to do something
+-L40fBo0qoY-01546-00343807-00343878 you could use
+-L40fBo0qoY-01547-00343879-00344287 uh animated just for that
+-L40fBo0qoY-01548-00344288-00344527 and as i already mentioned is it's very
+-L40fBo0qoY-01549-00344528-00344623 easy
+-L40fBo0qoY-01550-00344624-00345054 uh to uh over complicate things in the
+-L40fBo0qoY-01551-00345055-00345223 readme file or make it difficult for
+-L40fBo0qoY-01552-00345224-00345375 others to understand
+-L40fBo0qoY-01553-00345376-00345654 uh what the project is about because you
+-L40fBo0qoY-01554-00345655-00345806 have an expert blind spot you know
+-L40fBo0qoY-01555-00345807-00346143 already much more about it
+-L40fBo0qoY-01556-00346144-00346510 and so this is so how how can we
+-L40fBo0qoY-01557-00346511-00346727 make it easier how how can we make sure
+-L40fBo0qoY-01558-00346728-00346910 that it's easier and accessible
+-L40fBo0qoY-01559-00346911-00347239 for others and you might have
+-L40fBo0qoY-01560-00347240-00347447 heard about randall monroe this is the
+-L40fBo0qoY-01561-00347448-00347551 person who
+-L40fBo0qoY-01562-00347552-00348039 uh draws xkcd comic or writing
+-L40fBo0qoY-01563-00348040-00348351 both writes and reads and draws and he
+-L40fBo0qoY-01564-00348352-00348447 wrote this book
+-L40fBo0qoY-01565-00348448-00348806 things explainer when he uh
+-L40fBo0qoY-01566-00348807-00348982 it's basically like a challenge how to
+-L40fBo0qoY-01567-00348983-00349119 describe uh
+-L40fBo0qoY-01568-00349120-00349406 complicated stuff uh in the world in
+-L40fBo0qoY-01569-00349407-00349558 simple words so he used
+-L40fBo0qoY-01570-00349559-00349847 100 most common words in english
+-L40fBo0qoY-01571-00349848-00349934 language
+-L40fBo0qoY-01572-00349935-00350158 and he described different things like
+-L40fBo0qoY-01573-00350159-00350334 in this case it's
+-L40fBo0qoY-01574-00350335-00350719 appgor5 because the rocket is not
+-L40fBo0qoY-01575-00350720-00351023 one of the 10 hundred most
+-L40fBo0qoY-01576-00351024-00351247 popular words and and then there are
+-L40fBo0qoY-01577-00351248-00351406 tools that actually can help you do it
+-L40fBo0qoY-01578-00351407-00351527 you can use the
+-L40fBo0qoY-01579-00351528-00351782 um there's the link here to the upgrade
+-L40fBo0qoY-01580-00351783-00351878 five
+-L40fBo0qoY-01581-00351879-00352103 uh you can use the editor that will help
+-L40fBo0qoY-01582-00352104-00352303 you to write your vd file
+-L40fBo0qoY-01583-00352304-00352639 uh using only those 10 100 most
+-L40fBo0qoY-01584-00352640-00352958 popular words and and then there's the
+-L40fBo0qoY-01585-00352959-00353119 other editor that will help you also
+-L40fBo0qoY-01586-00353120-00353167 with
+-L40fBo0qoY-01587-00353168-00353454 with accessible readme it's a hemingway
+-L40fBo0qoY-01588-00353455-00353687 app
+-L40fBo0qoY-01589-00353688-00353958 um yeah i think that's it i don't know
+-L40fBo0qoY-01590-00353959-00353999 if you're
+-L40fBo0qoY-01591-00354000-00354287 uh yo you're planning the exercise in
+-L40fBo0qoY-01592-00354288-00354447 breakouts with the readme files
+-L40fBo0qoY-01593-00354448-00354751 so that's adequate okay yeah so that's
+-L40fBo0qoY-01594-00354752-00355054 that's it for me and please put in uh
+-L40fBo0qoY-01595-00355055-00355271 oh yeah there are more uh resources so
+-L40fBo0qoY-01596-00355272-00355454 if you want to look up some examples of
+-L40fBo0qoY-01597-00355455-00355567 readme files
+-L40fBo0qoY-01598-00355568-00355991 they are here and put in the
+-L40fBo0qoY-01599-00355992-00356254 ids your ideas for good readme file if
+-L40fBo0qoY-01600-00356255-00356358 you know something
+-L40fBo0qoY-01601-00356359-00356615 if i didn't mention it's a lot of things
+-L40fBo0qoY-01602-00356616-00356775 that i haven't mentioned so if you have
+-L40fBo0qoY-01603-00356776-00356999 if you've seen some great written files
+-L40fBo0qoY-01604-00357000-00357095 you can put
+-L40fBo0qoY-01605-00357096-00357399 examples there and ideas and that's it
+-L40fBo0qoY-01606-00357400-00357447 for me
+-L40fBo0qoY-01607-00357448-00357887 thank you thank you so much matthias
+-L40fBo0qoY-01608-00357888-00358087 as matthews mentioned we have a breakout
+-L40fBo0qoY-01609-00358088-00358319 room you you wanna
+-L40fBo0qoY-01610-00358320-00358510 so i have reduced the time because as
+-L40fBo0qoY-01611-00358511-00358743 you noticed we had a longer introduction
+-L40fBo0qoY-01612-00358744-00358847 session
+-L40fBo0qoY-01613-00358848-00359054 so we're gonna have a shorter breakout
+-L40fBo0qoY-01614-00359055-00359247 room with only two people
+-L40fBo0qoY-01615-00359248-00359575 and in the last time we had non verbal
+-L40fBo0qoY-01616-00359576-00359695 room and we'll continue
+-L40fBo0qoY-01617-00359696-00360071 that as well in this okay i'm going to
+-L40fBo0qoY-01618-00360072-00360175 send everyone off
+-L40fBo0qoY-01619-00360176-00360375 uh much like before some of the rooms
+-L40fBo0qoY-01620-00360376-00360575 are non-verbal if your room has two
+-L40fBo0qoY-01621-00360576-00360839 digits if it's 10 11 12 or 13 it's a
+-L40fBo0qoY-01622-00360840-00360975 non-verbal room
+-L40fBo0qoY-01623-00360976-00361119 uh how long should i put on sorry
+-L40fBo0qoY-01624-00361120-00361310 malvika so two people
+-L40fBo0qoY-01625-00361311-00361687 five minutes should be like uh
+-L40fBo0qoY-01626-00361688-00361847 yeah all right the timer isn't going to
+-L40fBo0qoY-01627-00361848-00361999 work correctly um
+-L40fBo0qoY-01628-00362000-00362151 because my computer is definitely
+-L40fBo0qoY-01629-00362152-00362278 playing out but we will send you
+-L40fBo0qoY-01630-00362279-00362478 warnings
+-L40fBo0qoY-01631-00362479-00362887 and we're sending you off now
+-L40fBo0qoY-01632-00362888-00363078 my sides are linked from the magnum d
+-L40fBo0qoY-01633-00363079-00363223 because there was a question about
+-L40fBo0qoY-01634-00363224-00363606 the slides thanks for this
+-L40fBo0qoY-01635-00363607-00364082 it's 12 seconds okay i'll just put the
+-L40fBo0qoY-01636-00364083-00364447 recording
+-L40fBo0qoY-01637-00364448-00364727 we we always realized 90 minutes just
+-L40fBo0qoY-01638-00364728-00364943 passed so quickly
+-L40fBo0qoY-01639-00364944-00365110 still difficult to cover everything
+-L40fBo0qoY-01640-00365111-00365310 there
+-L40fBo0qoY-01641-00365311-00365558 okay we should all be back now um please
+-L40fBo0qoY-01642-00365559-00365775 take over i really regard it
+-L40fBo0qoY-01643-00365776-00365975 okay okay right so thank you everyone
+-L40fBo0qoY-01644-00365976-00366175 for bearing with me well my computer was
+-L40fBo0qoY-01645-00366176-00366295 getting a bit stuck
+-L40fBo0qoY-01646-00366296-00366630 and i hope you didn't have too um i hope
+-L40fBo0qoY-01647-00366631-00366710 it wasn't too
+-L40fBo0qoY-01648-00366711-00366927 short a breakout room and we recognized
+-L40fBo0qoY-01649-00366928-00367087 it was a breakout room but we're very
+-L40fBo0qoY-01650-00367088-00367134 very
+-L40fBo0qoY-01651-00367135-00367334 very good at running over time with
+-L40fBo0qoY-01652-00367335-00367487 these cohort calls
+-L40fBo0qoY-01653-00367488-00367943 so i can see a bunch of amazing amazing
+-L40fBo0qoY-01654-00367944-00368239 um op go five including some that seem
+-L40fBo0qoY-01655-00368240-00368447 to involve uh-oh profanity or something
+-L40fBo0qoY-01656-00368448-00368663 like that
+-L40fBo0qoY-01657-00368664-00368887 uh or it could be um just more technical
+-L40fBo0qoY-01658-00368888-00368975 words
+-L40fBo0qoY-01659-00368976-00369287 uh so our next call is sorry our next
+-L40fBo0qoY-01660-00369288-00369471 speaker is lily winfrey who will be
+-L40fBo0qoY-01661-00369472-00369703 speaking about contributions
+-L40fBo0qoY-01662-00369704-00370230 20 minutes sorry
+-L40fBo0qoY-01663-00370231-00370615 ah it may have been a mute blip
+-L40fBo0qoY-01664-00370616-00370958 uh lily uh can we get you to share about
+-L40fBo0qoY-01665-00370959-00371110 contribution guidelines and code of
+-L40fBo0qoY-01666-00371111-00371271 conduct
+-L40fBo0qoY-01667-00371272-00371591 yes definitely can you guys hear me okay
+-L40fBo0qoY-01668-00371592-00372039 perfect okay let me open up the slides
+-L40fBo0qoY-01669-00372040-00372263 and i will start presenting oh first i
+-L40fBo0qoY-01670-00372264-00372910 need to share my screen
+-L40fBo0qoY-01671-00372911-00373310 okay
+-L40fBo0qoY-01672-00373311-00373882 here we go now of course mine is being
+-L40fBo0qoY-01673-00373883-00374134 slow
+-L40fBo0qoY-01674-00374135-00374399 loading but looking good i know it's so
+-L40fBo0qoY-01675-00374400-00374847 so slow
+-L40fBo0qoY-01676-00374848-00375151 all right so i am also
+-L40fBo0qoY-01677-00375152-00375391 using slides that were given to me
+-L40fBo0qoY-01678-00375392-00375478 however
+-L40fBo0qoY-01679-00375479-00375727 i decided to make some edits it had a
+-L40fBo0qoY-01680-00375728-00375847 few different pictures
+-L40fBo0qoY-01681-00375848-00376006 so they're slightly different than they
+-L40fBo0qoY-01682-00376007-00376151 originally were
+-L40fBo0qoY-01683-00376152-00376543 and but i am here to talk to you about
+-L40fBo0qoY-01684-00376544-00376751 creating a positive culture for
+-L40fBo0qoY-01685-00376752-00376847 contribution
+-L40fBo0qoY-01686-00376848-00377071 and collaborations for your open
+-L40fBo0qoY-01687-00377072-00377182 projects
+-L40fBo0qoY-01688-00377183-00377430 and we will specifically be looking at
+-L40fBo0qoY-01689-00377431-00377606 making a contributing
+-L40fBo0qoY-01690-00377607-00378047 guide and a code of conduct so
+-L40fBo0qoY-01691-00378048-00378206 let's get going and we'll try this
+-L40fBo0qoY-01692-00378207-00378439 quickly so i am lilly
+-L40fBo0qoY-01693-00378440-00378639 and i'm a product manager for the
+-L40fBo0qoY-01694-00378640-00378799 frictionless data project which is an
+-L40fBo0qoY-01695-00378800-00378878 open source
+-L40fBo0qoY-01696-00378879-00379151 project and i work at the open knowledge
+-L40fBo0qoY-01697-00379152-00379230 foundation
+-L40fBo0qoY-01698-00379231-00379623 and you can also follow me on twitter
+-L40fBo0qoY-01699-00379624-00380006 so what is a project's culture
+-L40fBo0qoY-01700-00380007-00380223 the culture is very important to think
+-L40fBo0qoY-01701-00380224-00380382 about when you're working
+-L40fBo0qoY-01702-00380383-00380767 on an open project because it isn't just
+-L40fBo0qoY-01703-00380768-00380934 you that's working on this project
+-L40fBo0qoY-01704-00380935-00381071 ideally you want to
+-L40fBo0qoY-01705-00381072-00381375 be creating a community and we've just
+-L40fBo0qoY-01706-00381376-00381575 heard a little bit about this like why
+-L40fBo0qoY-01707-00381576-00381791 you would be creating a readme document
+-L40fBo0qoY-01708-00381792-00381934 part of that is to help build up your
+-L40fBo0qoY-01709-00381935-00382127 community and
+-L40fBo0qoY-01710-00382128-00382382 a healthy project culture has a healthy
+-L40fBo0qoY-01711-00382383-00382471 community
+-L40fBo0qoY-01712-00382472-00382823 meaning it has diverse members that
+-L40fBo0qoY-01713-00382824-00382975 you know have different backgrounds and
+-L40fBo0qoY-01714-00382976-00383199 ideas and talents that can help build
+-L40fBo0qoY-01715-00383200-00383399 your community
+-L40fBo0qoY-01716-00383400-00383695 so to help build and guide your culture
+-L40fBo0qoY-01717-00383696-00383839 there's a few things you need to keep in
+-L40fBo0qoY-01718-00383840-00383927 mind
+-L40fBo0qoY-01719-00383928-00384223 one is that it's a conscious decision
+-L40fBo0qoY-01720-00384224-00384343 that you as a leader
+-L40fBo0qoY-01721-00384344-00384647 need to make and what i mean by that
+-L40fBo0qoY-01722-00384648-00385023 is that a culture will
+-L40fBo0qoY-01723-00385024-00385406 build itself within your project
+-L40fBo0qoY-01724-00385407-00385663 regardless of whether or not you build
+-L40fBo0qoY-01725-00385664-00385902 it like it will still happen
+-L40fBo0qoY-01726-00385903-00386263 but for it to be the culture that you
+-L40fBo0qoY-01727-00386264-00386358 want to build
+-L40fBo0qoY-01728-00386359-00386678 you need to make some decisions and help
+-L40fBo0qoY-01729-00386679-00386719 it
+-L40fBo0qoY-01730-00386720-00387023 build according to your values so you
+-L40fBo0qoY-01731-00387024-00387247 need to identify what your values are
+-L40fBo0qoY-01732-00387248-00387454 and that includes things like how should
+-L40fBo0qoY-01733-00387455-00387882 people behave that are part of
+-L40fBo0qoY-01734-00387883-00388015 this
+-L40fBo0qoY-01735-00388016-00388319 okay here is a picture
+-L40fBo0qoY-01736-00388320-00388623 example of things to think about for
+-L40fBo0qoY-01737-00388624-00388791 your project culture
+-L40fBo0qoY-01738-00388792-00389119 so this is an xkcd we're also just
+-L40fBo0qoY-01739-00389120-00389215 talking about
+-L40fBo0qoY-01740-00389216-00389502 can i load it up on your laptop sure oh
+-L40fBo0qoY-01741-00389503-00389678 just hit both shift keys to change over
+-L40fBo0qoY-01742-00389679-00389758 to query
+-L40fBo0qoY-01743-00389759-00389982 caps lock is control space bars caps
+-L40fBo0qoY-01744-00389983-00390151 lock and two finger scroll means
+-L40fBo0qoY-01745-00390152-00390463 through time instead of space and dot
+-L40fBo0qoY-01746-00390464-00390551 dot dot
+-L40fBo0qoY-01747-00390552-00390751 with the subtitle saying once i've used
+-L40fBo0qoY-01748-00390752-00390951 a computer for a while no one else will
+-L40fBo0qoY-01749-00390952-00391110 ever use it again
+-L40fBo0qoY-01750-00391111-00391415 this is showing you that
+-L40fBo0qoY-01751-00391416-00391654 the choices that you make determine who
+-L40fBo0qoY-01752-00391655-00391758 can or can't
+-L40fBo0qoY-01753-00391759-00392095 also use your project so a project
+-L40fBo0qoY-01754-00392096-00392351 culture is more than just its goals it's
+-L40fBo0qoY-01755-00392352-00392447 also things like
+-L40fBo0qoY-01756-00392448-00392791 the language a shared set of norms
+-L40fBo0qoY-01757-00392792-00393047 your expectations and your people's
+-L40fBo0qoY-01758-00393048-00393215 expectations
+-L40fBo0qoY-01759-00393216-00393463 the tools that you choose to use and
+-L40fBo0qoY-01760-00393464-00393519 things like
+-L40fBo0qoY-01761-00393520-00393727 how decisions are made and the project's
+-L40fBo0qoY-01762-00393728-00394134 identity
+-L40fBo0qoY-01763-00394135-00394399 okay so how can you build your project's
+-L40fBo0qoY-01764-00394400-00394551 culture
+-L40fBo0qoY-01765-00394552-00394727 two ways we're going to talk about today
+-L40fBo0qoY-01766-00394728-00395015 are using clear contributor guidelines
+-L40fBo0qoY-01767-00395016-00395319 and a code of conduct that importantly
+-L40fBo0qoY-01768-00395320-00395758 is enforceable
+-L40fBo0qoY-01769-00395759-00396119 so what is a community this image was on
+-L40fBo0qoY-01770-00396120-00396287 these slides and i thought it was so
+-L40fBo0qoY-01771-00396288-00396447 cute and i really like it
+-L40fBo0qoY-01772-00396448-00396654 because it shows that you know a
+-L40fBo0qoY-01773-00396655-00396863 community is about
+-L40fBo0qoY-01774-00396864-00397071 different well animals here but
+-L40fBo0qoY-01775-00397072-00397302 different people different users and how
+-L40fBo0qoY-01776-00397303-00397487 they all interact together
+-L40fBo0qoY-01777-00397488-00397663 and maybe you know one part of the
+-L40fBo0qoY-01778-00397664-00397839 community is
+-L40fBo0qoY-01779-00397840-00397999 the base like the thing that's keeping
+-L40fBo0qoY-01780-00398000-00398199 everyone warm but there are other
+-L40fBo0qoY-01781-00398200-00398367 members of the community that also have
+-L40fBo0qoY-01782-00398368-00398454 different goals
+-L40fBo0qoY-01783-00398455-00398615 and they have different reasons for
+-L40fBo0qoY-01784-00398616-00398823 being part of the community
+-L40fBo0qoY-01785-00398824-00399078 so it's important to understand why
+-L40fBo0qoY-01786-00399079-00399223 people are part of the community
+-L40fBo0qoY-01787-00399224-00399454 and what they gain from it and what they
+-L40fBo0qoY-01788-00399455-00399823 can give
+-L40fBo0qoY-01789-00399824-00400110 what is contribution contribution is a
+-L40fBo0qoY-01790-00400111-00400191 vital part of
+-L40fBo0qoY-01791-00400192-00400534 teamwork and the contributions come in
+-L40fBo0qoY-01792-00400535-00400599 many different
+-L40fBo0qoY-01793-00400600-00400839 forms and we'll talk about those a
+-L40fBo0qoY-01794-00400840-00401006 little bit here
+-L40fBo0qoY-01795-00401007-00401239 but they can be like writing code
+-L40fBo0qoY-01796-00401240-00401430 writing documentation
+-L40fBo0qoY-01797-00401431-00401895 editing giving ideas project management
+-L40fBo0qoY-01798-00401896-00402095 there's all sorts of things that team
+-L40fBo0qoY-01799-00402096-00402295 members can do to help the team as a
+-L40fBo0qoY-01800-00402296-00402430 whole
+-L40fBo0qoY-01801-00402431-00402623 on github there are several ways you can
+-L40fBo0qoY-01802-00402624-00402767 look at contributors
+-L40fBo0qoY-01803-00402768-00403047 and contributors is a specific term that
+-L40fBo0qoY-01804-00403048-00403206 github uses
+-L40fBo0qoY-01805-00403207-00403375 and for instance this is from the
+-L40fBo0qoY-01806-00403376-00403575 frictionless data project i work on one
+-L40fBo0qoY-01807-00403576-00403799 of our repositories we have
+-L40fBo0qoY-01808-00403800-00404110 23 contributors so on your github
+-L40fBo0qoY-01809-00404111-00404295 projects you will also see how many
+-L40fBo0qoY-01810-00404296-00404751 contributors you have
+-L40fBo0qoY-01811-00404752-00405047 so a good way that everyone all of your
+-L40fBo0qoY-01812-00405048-00405119 projects
+-L40fBo0qoY-01813-00405120-00405454 should have a contributing document
+-L40fBo0qoY-01814-00405455-00405702 and you can do this on github it's
+-L40fBo0qoY-01815-00405703-00405919 called a contributing.md so it's a
+-L40fBo0qoY-01816-00405920-00406047 markdown document
+-L40fBo0qoY-01817-00406048-00406287 and here's an example of one from one of
+-L40fBo0qoY-01818-00406288-00406439 our repositories
+-L40fBo0qoY-01819-00406440-00406727 and so it has some general guidelines
+-L40fBo0qoY-01820-00406728-00406767 and
+-L40fBo0qoY-01821-00406768-00407006 this specific document goes on for a
+-L40fBo0qoY-01822-00407007-00407102 long time
+-L40fBo0qoY-01823-00407103-00407487 that it tells you in all potential users
+-L40fBo0qoY-01824-00407488-00407719 how they can help so it gives you
+-L40fBo0qoY-01825-00407720-00407887 instructions for like how to write the
+-L40fBo0qoY-01826-00407888-00407975 code
+-L40fBo0qoY-01827-00407976-00408399 according to um the style guide
+-L40fBo0qoY-01828-00408400-00408654 and it also tells you things like the
+-L40fBo0qoY-01829-00408655-00408806 language that
+-L40fBo0qoY-01830-00408807-00409119 is most commonly used and it can give
+-L40fBo0qoY-01831-00409120-00409478 tips for beginners and it will tell you
+-L40fBo0qoY-01832-00409479-00409639 things like you know this is the
+-L40fBo0qoY-01833-00409639-00409847 software that we use
+-L40fBo0qoY-01834-00409847-00410214 and here's where you can go to find help
+-L40fBo0qoY-01835-00410215-00410426 so everyone should create a
+-L40fBo0qoY-01836-00410427-00410582 contributing.md file
+-L40fBo0qoY-01837-00410583-00410766 and there are i think there's lots of
+-L40fBo0qoY-01838-00410767-00411014 examples um i think in the notes as well
+-L40fBo0qoY-01839-00411015-00411230 for these
+-L40fBo0qoY-01840-00411231-00411678 okay so why and what contributing.md
+-L40fBo0qoY-01841-00411679-00412014 tells you the structure of contributions
+-L40fBo0qoY-01842-00412015-00412278 it provides guidelines in a standard
+-L40fBo0qoY-01843-00412279-00412391 style
+-L40fBo0qoY-01844-00412392-00412599 and it's also used to improve efficiency
+-L40fBo0qoY-01845-00412600-00412766 so people don't have to ask
+-L40fBo0qoY-01846-00412767-00412974 the leader over and over again you know
+-L40fBo0qoY-01847-00412975-00413103 how can i contribute
+-L40fBo0qoY-01848-00413104-00413326 you can point them to this guide and
+-L40fBo0qoY-01849-00413327-00413503 it's a great way to involve new people
+-L40fBo0qoY-01850-00413504-00413695 and build up your community
+-L40fBo0qoY-01851-00413696-00413830 there are different people that you need
+-L40fBo0qoY-01852-00413831-00414014 to consider when making this
+-L40fBo0qoY-01853-00414015-00414270 contributor's guide so the owners which
+-L40fBo0qoY-01854-00414271-00414447 would be you know most of you
+-L40fBo0qoY-01855-00414447-00414791 owners of the organization or project
+-L40fBo0qoY-01856-00414792-00414966 all of the contributors which are all
+-L40fBo0qoY-01857-00414967-00415230 members that have done something to help
+-L40fBo0qoY-01858-00415231-00415495 and then the consumers or the users of
+-L40fBo0qoY-01859-00415496-00415622 the project
+-L40fBo0qoY-01860-00415623-00415878 and you know sometimes people will fall
+-L40fBo0qoY-01861-00415879-00416318 in all three of these categories
+-L40fBo0qoY-01862-00416319-00416559 okay you can also create a contributors
+-L40fBo0qoY-01863-00416560-00416814 or community page on your website if you
+-L40fBo0qoY-01864-00416815-00416910 have
+-L40fBo0qoY-01865-00416912-00417103 a project website that's different from
+-L40fBo0qoY-01866-00417104-00417214 the github
+-L40fBo0qoY-01867-00417215-00417374 and this is a nice example from the
+-L40fBo0qoY-01868-00417375-00417543 carpentries
+-L40fBo0qoY-01869-00417543-00417726 and i'll just leave that there for um
+-L40fBo0qoY-01870-00417727-00417887 you guys to look through later but it
+-L40fBo0qoY-01871-00417888-00418222 has a lot of great detail
+-L40fBo0qoY-01872-00418223-00418343 all right so now we're going to talk
+-L40fBo0qoY-01873-00418343-00418526 about code of context
+-L40fBo0qoY-01874-00418527-00418751 and why it's important to have a code of
+-L40fBo0qoY-01875-00418752-00418839 conduct
+-L40fBo0qoY-01876-00418839-00419134 and um we talked about this a little bit
+-L40fBo0qoY-01877-00419135-00419247 already but
+-L40fBo0qoY-01878-00419247-00419575 your project will really flourish
+-L40fBo0qoY-01879-00419576-00419951 with a diverse community
+-L40fBo0qoY-01880-00419952-00420263 but oh i skipped one hold on
+-L40fBo0qoY-01881-00420264-00420614 skipped a few oh no i think i'm
+-L40fBo0qoY-01882-00420615-00420910 just going in the opposite direction
+-L40fBo0qoY-01883-00420912-00420959 okay
+-L40fBo0qoY-01884-00420960-00421263 but what if something happens if
+-L40fBo0qoY-01885-00421264-00421414 something happens you need to have a
+-L40fBo0qoY-01886-00421415-00421535 code of conduct
+-L40fBo0qoY-01887-00421535-00421783 a code of conduct is a set of rules that
+-L40fBo0qoY-01888-00421784-00421966 outline the social norms
+-L40fBo0qoY-01889-00421967-00422175 rules and responsibilities of an
+-L40fBo0qoY-01890-00422176-00422303 individual project
+-L40fBo0qoY-01891-00422304-00422583 party or organization and commonly
+-L40fBo0qoY-01892-00422584-00422959 abbreviated as a coc
+-L40fBo0qoY-01893-00422960-00423143 so a lot of people ask do you really
+-L40fBo0qoY-01894-00423143-00423391 need a coc
+-L40fBo0qoY-01895-00423392-00423759 yes it's the short answer but why a code
+-L40fBo0qoY-01896-00423760-00423822 of conduct
+-L40fBo0qoY-01897-00423823-00424087 invites people to your project it sets
+-L40fBo0qoY-01898-00424088-00424303 clear expectations for your community
+-L40fBo0qoY-01899-00424304-00424407 members
+-L40fBo0qoY-01900-00424408-00424622 and it tells contributors that you care
+-L40fBo0qoY-01901-00424623-00424751 about your community
+-L40fBo0qoY-01902-00424752-00424895 and that you care about creating a
+-L40fBo0qoY-01903-00424896-00425327 welcoming space for everyone
+-L40fBo0qoY-01904-00425328-00425575 here are some links to some examples of
+-L40fBo0qoY-01905-00425576-00425743 code of conducts
+-L40fBo0qoY-01906-00425743-00426063 and i especially like the pycon code of
+-L40fBo0qoY-01907-00426064-00426175 conduct it is
+-L40fBo0qoY-01908-00426176-00426383 the most thorough code of conduct that i
+-L40fBo0qoY-01909-00426384-00426543 think i've ever seen
+-L40fBo0qoY-01910-00426543-00426887 and i reference it all of the time so i
+-L40fBo0qoY-01911-00426888-00427310 really recommend the python code
+-L40fBo0qoY-01912-00427312-00427575 here's an example from the csv conf put
+-L40fBo0qoY-01913-00427576-00427799 of conduct which i helped write this
+-L40fBo0qoY-01914-00427800-00427975 well earlier in this year when we went
+-L40fBo0qoY-01915-00427976-00428183 to a virtual conference
+-L40fBo0qoY-01916-00428184-00428559 and it has a lot of the basic parts of
+-L40fBo0qoY-01917-00428560-00428599 the code
+-L40fBo0qoY-01918-00428600-00428918 of conduct it outlines who the code of
+-L40fBo0qoY-01919-00428919-00428991 conduct is
+-L40fBo0qoY-01920-00428992-00429327 for what kind of behavior is expected
+-L40fBo0qoY-01921-00429328-00429614 what kind of behavior is not allowed and
+-L40fBo0qoY-01922-00429615-00429710 importantly
+-L40fBo0qoY-01923-00429712-00430063 the enforcement and reporting
+-L40fBo0qoY-01924-00430064-00430303 that would occur if there's a breach of
+-L40fBo0qoY-01925-00430304-00430614 the code of conduct
+-L40fBo0qoY-01926-00430615-00430863 so a code of conduct is not just a box
+-L40fBo0qoY-01927-00430864-00431022 typing item
+-L40fBo0qoY-01928-00431023-00431270 and a lot of people will create one and
+-L40fBo0qoY-01929-00431271-00431455 say oh we're done but you actually
+-L40fBo0qoY-01930-00431456-00431622 aren't done it's really important to
+-L40fBo0qoY-01931-00431623-00431791 make sure that your code of conduct has
+-L40fBo0qoY-01932-00431792-00431903 both enforcement
+-L40fBo0qoY-01933-00431904-00432183 and reporting included in and you need
+-L40fBo0qoY-01934-00432184-00432366 to have specific ways
+-L40fBo0qoY-01935-00432367-00432622 that it's clear to people how they can
+-L40fBo0qoY-01936-00432623-00432718 report
+-L40fBo0qoY-01937-00432719-00433022 and who they are reporting to
+-L40fBo0qoY-01938-00433023-00433231 and many of you probably heard this i
+-L40fBo0qoY-01939-00433232-00433414 think yo was mentioning the code of
+-L40fBo0qoY-01940-00433415-00433463 conduct
+-L40fBo0qoY-01941-00433464-00433631 earlier and went through a lot of
+-L40fBo0qoY-01942-00433632-00433775 details
+-L40fBo0qoY-01943-00433776-00434039 so you know the open life's a code of
+-L40fBo0qoY-01944-00434039-00434366 conduct is also a great example
+-L40fBo0qoY-01945-00434367-00434551 okay so getting started how do you start
+-L40fBo0qoY-01946-00434552-00434710 with your code of conduct
+-L40fBo0qoY-01947-00434712-00434927 you should brainstorm some core words
+-L40fBo0qoY-01948-00434928-00435175 that represent your community values
+-L40fBo0qoY-01949-00435176-00435343 and then think about behaviors that you
+-L40fBo0qoY-01950-00435343-00435607 want to encourage or discourage think
+-L40fBo0qoY-01951-00435608-00435822 through the process for incidents and
+-L40fBo0qoY-01952-00435823-00435966 complaints
+-L40fBo0qoY-01953-00435967-00436079 and then also think about the
+-L40fBo0qoY-01954-00436080-00436295 consequences for people that act outside
+-L40fBo0qoY-01955-00436296-00436566 of these norms that are defined
+-L40fBo0qoY-01956-00436567-00436727 and of course you have to understand and
+-L40fBo0qoY-01957-00436728-00436959 accept your role as a project lead
+-L40fBo0qoY-01958-00436960-00437343 and if you are uncomfortable or unsure
+-L40fBo0qoY-01959-00437343-00437655 about how to deal with reports
+-L40fBo0qoY-01960-00437656-00437863 reach out to your community and ask for
+-L40fBo0qoY-01961-00437864-00438103 help and support
+-L40fBo0qoY-01962-00438104-00438359 so tips and takeaways encourage and
+-L40fBo0qoY-01963-00438360-00438407 reward
+-L40fBo0qoY-01964-00438408-00438622 good practice designate a code of
+-L40fBo0qoY-01965-00438623-00438822 conduct and safety committee to help you
+-L40fBo0qoY-01966-00438823-00438927 with this
+-L40fBo0qoY-01967-00438928-00439110 make sure your credit conduct is posted
+-L40fBo0qoY-01968-00439112-00439270 visible and clear
+-L40fBo0qoY-01969-00439271-00439518 and communicated to your contributors
+-L40fBo0qoY-01970-00439519-00439743 and use an existing code of conduct many
+-L40fBo0qoY-01971-00439743-00439918 of them are openly licensed which you
+-L40fBo0qoY-01972-00439919-00439999 just learned about
+-L40fBo0qoY-01973-00440000-00440318 and you can reuse them all right i think
+-L40fBo0qoY-01974-00440319-00440431 that's it
+-L40fBo0qoY-01975-00440432-00440655 so now it's time for some discussion
+-L40fBo0qoY-01976-00440656-00440743 about
+-L40fBo0qoY-01977-00440743-00441031 what are your tips and tricks i'm going
+-L40fBo0qoY-01978-00441032-00442822 to stop screen sharing and thank you all
+-L40fBo0qoY-01979-00442823-00443007 i think there's room in the agenda to
+-L40fBo0qoY-01980-00443008-00443439 write something
+-L40fBo0qoY-01981-00443439-00443783 okay uh thank you so much lily and we
+-L40fBo0qoY-01982-00443784-00443918 are a few minutes
+-L40fBo0qoY-01983-00443919-00444151 over time so thank you everyone who has
+-L40fBo0qoY-01984-00444152-00444310 uh patiently hang around that's not
+-L40fBo0qoY-01985-00444312-00444510 lily's fault and it definitely is more
+-L40fBo0qoY-01986-00444512-00444762 myself and melvika
+-L40fBo0qoY-01987-00444763-00444918 [Music]
+-L40fBo0qoY-01988-00444919-00445183 yes thank you so much lily you did great
+-L40fBo0qoY-01989-00445184-00445359 we really appreciate it um
+-L40fBo0qoY-01990-00445360-00445687 so if anyone wants to hang around
+-L40fBo0qoY-01991-00445688-00445847 uh i know we have a couple of questions
+-L40fBo0qoY-01992-00445847-00446014 but if you need to get off uh head off
+-L40fBo0qoY-01993-00446015-00446207 um as usual at the bottom of the hack md
+-L40fBo0qoY-01994-00446208-00446327 uh that's why i'm looking over here by
+-L40fBo0qoY-01995-00446328-00446470 the way my computer is down here my
+-L40fBo0qoY-01996-00446471-00446599 other computer because this one's going
+-L40fBo0qoY-01997-00446600-00446687 so slow
+-L40fBo0qoY-01998-00446688-00446879 um but there is some feedback at the
+-L40fBo0qoY-01999-00446880-00447127 very bottom of the hackmd just if you
+-L40fBo0qoY-02000-00447128-00447287 want to share how the call went if you
+-L40fBo0qoY-02001-00447288-00447455 have any comments uh
+-L40fBo0qoY-02002-00447456-00447639 i think we also have some homework
+-L40fBo0qoY-02003-00447639-00447951 assignments uh which you can see
+-L40fBo0qoY-02004-00447952-00448095 uh creating a github repository
+-L40fBo0qoY-02005-00448096-00448366 repository for your project
+-L40fBo0qoY-02006-00448367-00448639 adding links to your issues and start
+-L40fBo0qoY-02007-00448639-00448807 doing things like working on your readme
+-L40fBo0qoY-02008-00448808-00448951 based on what you've learned in the call
+-L40fBo0qoY-02009-00448952-00449079 today
+-L40fBo0qoY-02010-00449080-00449247 and remember if you get stuck on those
+-L40fBo0qoY-02011-00449247-00449399 you can always speak with your mentor
+-L40fBo0qoY-02012-00449400-00449566 and they can provide advice and guidance
+-L40fBo0qoY-02013-00449567-00449751 for the bits that you're less sure about
+-L40fBo0qoY-02014-00449752-00449910 and you can also ask in the slack
+-L40fBo0qoY-02015-00449912-00450143 because some people are more experienced
+-L40fBo0qoY-02016-00450143-00450222 with github
+-L40fBo0qoY-02017-00450223-00450391 and may be able to offer advice as well
+-L40fBo0qoY-02018-00450392-00450799 even if they're also ols 2 participants
+-L40fBo0qoY-02019-00450800-00450951 i've gone through and tried to answer
+-L40fBo0qoY-02020-00450952-00451127 some of the licensing questions we head
+-L40fBo0qoY-02021-00451128-00451295 towards the top of the document and we
+-L40fBo0qoY-02022-00451296-00451431 will go through and look for any more
+-L40fBo0qoY-02023-00451432-00451703 questions that you may have added um
+-L40fBo0qoY-02024-00451704-00451895 only other thing that i note
+-L40fBo0qoY-02025-00451896-00452166 at the minute is that if github is
+-L40fBo0qoY-02026-00452167-00452327 frightening you
+-L40fBo0qoY-02027-00452328-00452687 that's okay everyone starts with github
+-L40fBo0qoY-02028-00452688-00452831 at some point and we will try and help
+-L40fBo0qoY-02029-00452832-00452983 you out with this so next week there is
+-L40fBo0qoY-02030-00452984-00453007 an
+-L40fBo0qoY-02031-00453008-00453279 optional call so if you are comfortable
+-L40fBo0qoY-02032-00453280-00453463 with github and you're not worried about
+-L40fBo0qoY-02033-00453464-00453622 it feel free to skip or feel free to
+-L40fBo0qoY-02034-00453623-00453743 come along
+-L40fBo0qoY-02035-00453743-00453927 but if you'd like some advice on github
+-L40fBo0qoY-02036-00453928-00454103 then come along and we will spend some
+-L40fBo0qoY-02037-00454104-00454318 time going through github in more detail
+-L40fBo0qoY-02038-00454319-00454535 using it and creating files
+-L40fBo0qoY-02039-00454535-00454703 so that everyone gets a chance to ask
+-L40fBo0qoY-02040-00454704-00454910 questions and to
+-L40fBo0qoY-02041-00454912-00455110 learn a bit more about it um and then
+-L40fBo0qoY-02042-00455112-00455295 the next official cohort call is in two
+-L40fBo0qoY-02043-00455296-00455447 weeks and it will be another one of the
+-L40fBo0qoY-02044-00455447-00455575 early calls
+-L40fBo0qoY-02045-00455576-00455766 and so we will see some of you but for
+-L40fBo0qoY-02046-00455767-00455903 others of you it might be a bit night
+-L40fBo0qoY-02047-00455904-00455975 timey
+-L40fBo0qoY-02048-00455976-00456270 um or mid middle of the early morning
+-L40fBo0qoY-02049-00456271-00456518 have i missed anything more vika
+-L40fBo0qoY-02050-00456519-00456718 no it's all perfect just again a
+-L40fBo0qoY-02051-00456719-00456959 reminder if you missed in all these
+-L40fBo0qoY-02052-00456960-00457151 you can leave the call if you have to
+-L40fBo0qoY-02053-00457152-00457327 but we will hang around for another 10
+-L40fBo0qoY-02054-00457328-00457510 minutes to discuss any questions that
+-L40fBo0qoY-02055-00457512-00457727 might have come from the cohort call
+-L40fBo0qoY-02056-00457728-00457959 so don't be shy and you don't need to
+-L40fBo0qoY-02057-00457960-00458118 definitely stick around if it's too late
+-L40fBo0qoY-02058-00458119-00458751 for you
+-L40fBo0qoY-02059-00458752-00459007 okay it's lovely to have you all here
+-L40fBo0qoY-02060-00459008-00459055 and
+-L40fBo0qoY-02061-00459056-00459231 we'll see some of you next week or the
+-L40fBo0qoY-02062-00459232-00459895 week after
+-L40fBo0qoY-02063-00459896-00460095 okay and so those who are sticking
+-L40fBo0qoY-02064-00460096-00460335 around and if you have any particular
+-L40fBo0qoY-02065-00460335-00460455 question
+-L40fBo0qoY-02066-00460456-00460879 about code of conduct readme file
+-L40fBo0qoY-02067-00460880-00461135 or licenses uh we're happy to help you
+-L40fBo0qoY-02068-00461135-00461247 answer some of those
+-L40fBo0qoY-02069-00461247-00461470 and i think i'll stop recording so you
+-L40fBo0qoY-02070-00461471-00461583 can take your
+-L40fBo0qoY-02071-00461584-00461783 camera on and raise your hand and we can
+-L40fBo0qoY-02072-00461784-00462367 just have open discussion
+-p2LhK7C-9Y-00000-00000006-00001233 [Music]
+-p2LhK7C-9Y-00001-00001234-00001367 [Applause]
+-p2LhK7C-9Y-00002-00001368-00002108 goodbye baby the treetop when the wind
+-p2LhK7C-9Y-00003-00002109-00002484 blows
+-p2LhK7C-9Y-00004-00002485-00003433 [Music]
+-p2LhK7C-9Y-00005-00003434-00003752 we'll catch you
+-p2LhK7C-9Y-00006-00003753-00005539 [Music]
+-p2LhK7C-9Y-00007-00005540-00005977 and fair
+-p2LhK7C-9Y-00008-00005978-00007431 [Music]
+-p2LhK7C-9Y-00009-00007433-00007648 he hears what she sings
+-p2LhK7C-9Y-00010-00007650-00009238 [Music]
+-p2LhK7C-9Y-00011-00009239-00009787 rooftops down to the sea no one's as
+-p2LhK7C-9Y-00012-00009788-00010150 dear as baby
+-p2LhK7C-9Y-00013-00010151-00010870 [Music]
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00000-00000061-00000355 this exclusive forecast is provided by
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00001-00000356-00000609 wlky weather whenever you need the
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00002-00000610-00000877 forecast just ask what's J say hi
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00003-00000877-00001095 everybody I'm WLKY chief meteorologist
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00004-00001096-00001291 Jay Cardosi let's talk about a couple of
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00005-00001292-00001533 the events that are upcoming for this
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00006-00001534-00001623 weekend
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00007-00001625-00001827 first off right here in Louisville big
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00008-00001828-00002151 basketball game UofL is in action
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00009-00002152-00002370 playing Virginia at the KFC Yum center
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00010-00002371-00002632 tipoff slated for 4:00 o'clock in the
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00011-00002633-00002727 afternoon
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00012-00002728-00002932 this coming Saturday a little bit
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00013-00002933-00003172 farther off to the Northeast and Madison
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00014-00003173-00003379 a nice event as well we have the
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00015-00003379-00003610 firehouse chili dinner this is Saturday
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00016-00003611-00003826 February 8th 11 o'clock in the morning
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00017-00003827-00004078 the 2:00 in the afternoon and this chili
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00018-00004079-00004342 dinner is at the cliff t6 volunteer fire
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00019-00004343-00004579 department tell you what it's gonna be a
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00020-00004580-00004858 great day to have a little chili because
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00021-00004859-00005106 it's going to be a little chilly outside
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00022-00005107-00005449 see what I did right there ok here's the
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00023-00005450-00005794 forecast now for Saturday a 40% chance
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00024-00005795-00006046 for some scattered snow showers the
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00025-00006047-00006250 first half of the day then trending
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00026-00006251-00006415 drier through the afternoon there could
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00027-00006416-00006504 be some very light accumulations
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00028-00006505-00006781 Saturday morning temperatures around 38
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00029-00006781-00006967 later in the day Sunday's the Pick of
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00030-00006968-00007090 the weekend a little bit of sunshine
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00031-00007091-00007426 returning and temperatures around 48 by
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00032-00007427-00007687 mid to late afternoon whatever you're
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00033-00007688-00007906 planning to do this upcoming weekend as
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00034-00007906-00008134 always have a great time but make it a
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00035-00008134-00008406 safe one as well
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00036-00008407-00008770 WLKY news leading the way every evening
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00037-00008771-00008948 showcasing community champion
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00038-00008949-00009127 [Music]
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00039-00009128-00009320 delivering breaking news you can
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00040-00009321-00009677 see flames the WLKY watching over your
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00041-00009678-00009965 neighborhoods and first on the scene the
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00042-00009966-00010205 oky chopper HD is live know what's
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00043-00010206-00010379 happening and you'll be prepared for
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00044-00010380-00010661 what today's huge storm system late
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00045-00010662-00010883 breaking news stories you'll want to
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00046-00010884-00011234 share wlky evening live local
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00047-00011235-00011342 late-breaking
+-pE0mgi-2U0-00048-00011343-00013231 [Music]
+-WhGmoja0-o-00000-00000096-00000342 hi everybody dr dreamer is here
+-WhGmoja0-o-00001-00000343-00000591 from ultimate medicine today i had an
+-WhGmoja0-o-00002-00000592-00000686 interesting
+-WhGmoja0-o-00003-00000687-00000831 short conversation with a patient of
+-WhGmoja0-o-00004-00000832-00001031 mine she came in
+-WhGmoja0-o-00005-00001032-00001343 for certain type of problems but her
+-WhGmoja0-o-00006-00001344-00001527 main complaint was today
+-WhGmoja0-o-00007-00001528-00001879 that she's very stressed and she's
+-WhGmoja0-o-00008-00001880-00002126 very upset and i asked her why is stress
+-WhGmoja0-o-00009-00002127-00002271 why upset she said
+-WhGmoja0-o-00010-00002272-00002615 because of the situation closures
+-WhGmoja0-o-00011-00002616-00002926 fear threatening with the immunization
+-WhGmoja0-o-00012-00002927-00003102 shots on and on
+-WhGmoja0-o-00013-00003103-00003399 and i said to her what will change that
+-WhGmoja0-o-00014-00003400-00003511 she said
+-WhGmoja0-o-00015-00003511-00003783 that what's happening outside the
+-WhGmoja0-o-00016-00003784-00003895 closures and the
+-WhGmoja0-o-00017-00003896-00004103 the pandemic and the rest of the things
+-WhGmoja0-o-00018-00004104-00004286 will change will stop
+-WhGmoja0-o-00019-00004287-00004615 and etc in a way no chance what's going
+-WhGmoja0-o-00020-00004616-00004783 to change is you
+-WhGmoja0-o-00021-00004784-00005151 in that you see life goes to heights
+-WhGmoja0-o-00022-00005152-00005583 and lows highs and lows highs and lows
+-WhGmoja0-o-00023-00005584-00005902 and if you when it's high you're happy
+-WhGmoja0-o-00024-00005903-00006031 and when it loads you are
+-WhGmoja0-o-00025-00006032-00006454 sad or upset you're not going to make it
+-WhGmoja0-o-00026-00006455-00006814 so all i said to her today is that
+-WhGmoja0-o-00027-00006815-00007070 don't get too used to don't use don't
+-WhGmoja0-o-00028-00007072-00007214 get used to
+-WhGmoja0-o-00029-00007215-00007463 when life is high don't get used to when
+-WhGmoja0-o-00030-00007464-00007623 life is low
+-WhGmoja0-o-00031-00007623-00007959 stay in the middle control your own
+-WhGmoja0-o-00032-00007959-00008070 emotions
+-WhGmoja0-o-00033-00008072-00008431 regardless of what's happening outside
+-WhGmoja0-o-00034-00008432-00008799 if you in a good position good times
+-WhGmoja0-o-00035-00008800-00008991 celebrate it don't get used to that when
+-WhGmoja0-o-00036-00008992-00009142 you're in bed time celebrate it
+-WhGmoja0-o-00037-00009143-00009478 don't get used to that stay unshakeable
+-WhGmoja0-o-00038-00009479-00009751 in the center doesn't matter what
+-WhGmoja0-o-00039-00009752-00009983 happened outside you cannot change that
+-WhGmoja0-o-00040-00009984-00010014 it's
+-WhGmoja0-o-00041-00010015-00010223 very important what happened with what
+-WhGmoja0-o-00042-00010224-00010431 happens within you
+-WhGmoja0-o-00043-00010432-00010735 stay unshakeable there
+-WhGmoja0-o-00044-00010736-00011071 she smiled she said that she's going to
+-WhGmoja0-o-00045-00011072-00011223 embrace it
+-WhGmoja0-o-00046-00011224-00011406 and she went in for treatment and that
+-WhGmoja0-o-00047-00011407-00011663 was very successful on her behalf
+-WhGmoja0-o-00048-00011664-00012128 thank you for watching
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00000-00000125-00000377 okay let's see how to make a table
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00001-00000378-00000724 contacts at two ways to persuade are
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00002-00000725-00001045 going to use the Microsoft pictures so
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00003-00001046-00001412 this is a ver con tanga you later okay
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00004-00001413-00001721 let's make enough fish here let's say
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00005-00001722-00002447 chapter maybe chapter one if you see the
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00006-00002448-00003074 letter so I could copy this okay and
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00007-00003075-00003317 then make a new space over here and then
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00008-00003318-00003926 I make an official here okay three pages
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00009-00003927-00004211 to promote enough so this Creed is a
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00010-00004212-00004940 good tree and this is chapter 2 okay so
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00011-00004941-00005497 why don't we do now is we are going to
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00012-00005498-00005818 do such page number you here and then
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00013-00005819-00006354 this guy will use here okay page number
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00014-00006355-00007246 you just say be golden and then see a
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00015-00007247-00007609 lot of you can do all here as well and
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00016-00007611-00008017 we will be first policy here google and
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00017-00008018-00008344 then you can use the pictures earlier
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00018-00008345-00008939 now i can we do is this patient okay
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00019-00008940-00009649 push handbook on chapter numbers okay
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00020-00009650-00010196 okay numberformat okay yes it okay so
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00021-00010197-00010701 this P
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00022-00010702-00011101 okay so let's go to chapter one so this
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00023-00011102-00011302 is the things I need exercise which is
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00024-00011303-00011575 hella in title and review this with
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00025-00011576-00011749 headings over here and then just check
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00026-00011750-00012031 on here so the next thing you're going
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00027-00012032-00012487 to do is this or there are other ways
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00028-00012488-00012735 like four samples like I do this one
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00029-00012736-00013188 money okay so maybe I need to change it
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00030-00013190-00013572 to other com- a tremendous news normal
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00031-00013573-00013807 and there's a haters and earlier and
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00032-00013808-00014080 then the key the loadings are adjusted
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00033-00014081-00014516 okay so and the color is wrong maybe and
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00034-00014518-00015202 red colors so i can go is one then paste
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00035-00015203-00015891 over here so i chose which two million
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00036-00015893-00016399 three all over and we manually also can
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00037-00016400-00016702 like just premier and then chocolate as
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00038-00016703-00017155 you one this is one of the way okay so
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00039-00017156-00017533 let's go on the table contains a table
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00040-00017534-00017734 and end it for let's go to the insert
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00041-00017735-00018156 over here and then this table content
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00042-00018157-00018910 just to your face okay the first lock
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00043-00018911-00019725 for max
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00044-00019726-00020549 yeah okay a little for you oh yes
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00045-00020550-00021194 references on the side so you can see
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00046-00021195-00021508 many tables here neighbors are familiar
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00047-00021509-00021743 to upkeep opinion of the document
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00048-00021744-00022069 contents as a modality this is why we
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00049-00022070-00022591 use a few pictures okay table contents
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00050-00022592-00022852 Israel here and then let's say like
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00051-00022853-00023612 control traffic on Jersey controlling
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00052-00023613-00024019 trick so it should jump this patient so
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00053-00024020-00024175 this one of the way and then the other
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00054-00024176-00024625 ones just realize they support muscle
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00055-00024626-00026758 until then no pressure is rising the
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00056-00026758-00027692 poplar leaves just like this that
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00057-00027693-00027970 lateral use your bookmarks with just a
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00058-00027972-00028355 little so the I believes is texting
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00059-00028356-00029287 crazy our fish you should clean these
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00060-00029288-00030202 documents see nearly this is like that
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00061-00030202-00030637 okay so when you click also similar this
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00062-00030638-00031142 is underway and this is the true having
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00063-00031143-00031544 a short view us okay I know Asia how
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00064-00031545-00031870 much in one piece these the things that
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00065-00031872-00032432 I know in microsoft word 2007 motion and
+-Wrqg7IXm6A-00066-00032433-00032774 thank you for watching
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00000-00000052-00000348 Koinonia is a transliterated form of the
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00001-00000349-00000519 Greek word Koinonia which means
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00002-00000520-00000755 communion joint participation the share
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00003-00000756-00000993 which one has in anything participation
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00004-00000994-00001215 a gift jointly contributed a collection
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00005-00001216-00001529 a contribution etc it identifies the
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00006-00001530-00001782 idealized state of fellowship and unity
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00007-00001782-00001947 that should exist within the Christian
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00008-00001948-00002458 Church the body of Christ
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00009-00002459-00002963 topic New Testament usage
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00010-00002964-00003179 the essential meaning of the Koinonia
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00011-00003180-00003379 embraces concepts conveyed in the
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00012-00003381-00003614 English terms community communion joint
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00013-00003615-00003865 participation sharing an intimacy
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00014-00003865-00004100 Koinonia can therefore refer in some
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00015-00004101-00004322 contexts to a jointly contributed gift
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00016-00004323-00004613 the word appears 19 times in most
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00017-00004614-00004814 editions of the Greek New Testament in
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00018-00004815-00005078 the new American Standard Bible it is
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00019-00005079-00005486 translated fellowship 12 times sharing
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00020-00005487-00005881 three times end participation and
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00021-00005882-00006181 contribution twice each the first usage
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00022-00006182-00006326 of Koinonia in the Greek New Testament
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00023-00006327-00006653 is found in Acts chapter 2 verses 42 to
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00024-00006654-00007081 47
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00025-00007081-00007566 topic sacramental meaning
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00026-00007567-00007767 the Eucharist is the sacrament of
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00027-00007768-00007929 communion with one another in the one
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00028-00007930-00008214 body of Christ this was the full meaning
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00029-00008215-00008403 of Eucharistic Koinonia in the early
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00030-00008404-00008571 Catholic Church Saint Thomas Aquinas
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00031-00008572-00008846 wrote the Eucharist as the sacrament of
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00032-00008847-00009060 the unity of the church which results
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00033-00009061-00009228 from the fact that many are one in
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00034-00009229-00009674 Christ
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00035-00009675-00010230 topic in popular media
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00036-00010231-00010449 Koinonia was the final word to be
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00037-00010450-00010632 spelled out for the 91st Scripps
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00038-00010633-00010770 National Spelling Bee
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00039-00010771-00011013 it was correctly answered by Kardec
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00040-00011014-00011268 Nnamani a 14 year old Indian American
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00041-00011269-00011795 boy from McKinney Texas
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00042-00011796-00012243 pick see also
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00043-00012244-00012618 communion Christian Koinonia partners
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00044-00012619-00012866 formerly Koinonia farm an intentional
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00045-00012868-00013050 community founded on principles of
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00046-00013051-00013405 Koinonia
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00047-00013406-00013977 topic references
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00048-00013978-00014504 topic bibliography
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00049-00014505-00014768 Naza exhaustive concordance of the Bible
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00050-00014769-00014897 with Hebrew Aramaic and Greek
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00051-00014897-00015322 dictionaries the luqman foundation 1998
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00052-00015322-00015878 1981 Vermeil II Geoffrey W 1979 the
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00053-00015879-00016022 International Standard Bible
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00054-00016022-00016274 encyclopedia Grand Rapids Michigan
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00055-00016275-00016640 William B eerdmans publishing co Lynch
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00056-00016641-00016997 Robert Porter minun prosonic 2006 how
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00057-00016998-00017225 the Greeks created the first golden age
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00058-00017226-00017480 of innovation Word document
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00059-00017481-00017908 P 14 retrieved the 8th of April 2007
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00060-00017909-00018338 Richards Lawrence Oh 1985 expository
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00061-00018339-00018629 dictionary of Bible words Grand Rapids
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00062-00018630-00018686 Michigan
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00063-00018687-00019030 Zondervan corporation Thayer Joseph H
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00064-00019031-00019358 1885 greek-english lexicon of the New
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00065-00019359-00019586 Testament Grand Rapids Michigan
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00066-00019587-00020033 Zondervan publishing house
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00067-00020034-00020530 topic further reading
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00068-00020531-00020846 Louis Elgin Lee Verna Koinonia in the
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00069-00020847-00021065 three great Abrahamic faiths acclaiming
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00070-00021066-00021236 the mystery and diversity of faiths
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00071-00021237-00021767 Cloverdale books 2007 ISBN 978 one nine
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00072-00021768-00022096 two nine five six nine three seven three
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00073-00022097-00022415 life ventures Gary H Hawk director
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00074-00022416-00022652 publishing life way church resources
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00075-00022653-00023054 2012 ISBN nine seven eight one four
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00076-00023055-00023618 three oh oh oh nine seven five seven
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00077-00023619-00024203 topic external links
+-WWXgWWL3k0-00078-00024204-00024702 lexicon entry for Koinonia common domain
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00000-00000009-00000328 the national united party armenian as
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00001-00000329-00000565 gay and Mia CL Kusaka toon Russian
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00002-00000566-00000786 national na Oh Bettina parsha was an
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00003-00000787-00000997 Armenian underground political party in
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00004-00000998-00001363 the Soviet Union it operated from 1966
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00005-00001364-00001666 until 1987 when it was renamed Union for
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00006-00001667-00001942 national self-determination UN SD which
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00007-00001943-00002152 became the first democratic party in the
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00008-00002153-00002731 USSR
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00009-00002732-00003006 topic history
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00010-00003007-00003235 you
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00011-00003236-00003529 since the early 1960s the Soviet regime
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00012-00003531-00003731 had to confront pockets of dissident
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00013-00003732-00003979 thinking the monopoly of the Communist
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00014-00003981-00004157 Party was questioned by people who
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00015-00004158-00004307 thought in terms of freedom of thought
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00016-00004308-00004624 and speech painter Haig has Khachaturian
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00017-00004625-00004979 1922 1989 and a group of Armenians made
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00018-00004980-00005333 a demonstration on April 24 1965 near
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00019-00005334-00005495 the tomb of go Mitas Varda bed in
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00020-00005496-00005732 Yerevan they were arrested but released
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00021-00005733-00005959 a few days later due to lack of evidence
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00022-00005960-00006254 the National United Party nup was
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00023-00006255-00006608 founded on April 24th 1966 by painter
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00024-00006609-00006851 hicas khachaturian Stepan's a deacon and
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00025-00006852-00007133 Shawn Hart onion the party issued and
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00026-00007134-00007306 distributed the first issue of its
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00027-00007308-00007553 clandestine periodical perros fair in
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00028-00007554-00007885 October 1967 when the founders were
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00029-00007886-00008210 imprisoned in 1968 parlor Huracan became
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00030-00008211-00008465 head of the party the main goals of the
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00031-00008466-00008645 nup were the independence of Soviet
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00032-00008646-00008821 Armenia the establishment of democracy
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00033-00008822-00009085 and the elimination of the consequences
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00034-00009086-00009433 of the Armenian Genocide 1915 to 1923
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00035-00009434-00009719 all members should closely follow the
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00036-00009720-00009949 program of the party entitled for the
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00037-00009950-00010235 nation and the homeland any person aged
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00038-00010236-00010490 16 who accepted the program could become
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00039-00010491-00010846 a party member in 1973 the National
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00040-00010847-00011087 United Party reelected Huracan as its
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00041-00011088-00011344 president Harry Qian wrote his political
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00042-00011345-00011524 programme the road to independence
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00043-00011525-00011873 through referendums strategy in the same
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00044-00011874-00012205 year after he was arrested in 1974 he
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00045-00012206-00012377 continued clandestinely to lead the
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00046-00012378-00012671 organization on his return to Armenia in
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00047-00012672-00012941 August 1987 Harry Qian founded a
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00048-00012941-00013160 successor party to the nup the Union for
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00049-00013161-00013430 national self-determination
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00050-00013431-00013676 many prominent figures of independent
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00051-00013677-00013891 Armenia including a shot naba swordian
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00052-00013893-00014122 mossis Gorga's Ian and and Rennick Marg
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00053-00014124-00014282 Aryan were former members of the
+-Xr_6GS5Xa8-00054-00014283-00014612 National United Party
+-XsZycnQrdk-00000-00000056-00000311 hi everyone my name is in tao
+-XsZycnQrdk-00001-00000312-00000526 i'm excited to share our recent work on
+-XsZycnQrdk-00002-00000527-00000711 next location recommendation
+-XsZycnQrdk-00003-00000712-00000871 that achieves the state-of-the-art
+-XsZycnQrdk-00004-00000872-00001135 performance i work on this research with
+-XsZycnQrdk-00005-00001136-00001223 chiang yo from
+-XsZycnQrdk-00006-00001224-00001470 chinese academy of sciences and joshua
+-XsZycnQrdk-00007-00001471-00001967 leo from remy university of china
+-XsZycnQrdk-00008-00001968-00002183 so we know that many prior works have
+-XsZycnQrdk-00009-00002184-00002407 put forward the intuition that users
+-XsZycnQrdk-00010-00002408-00002710 tend to visit locations in several areas
+-XsZycnQrdk-00011-00002711-00002926 in the exemplified figure in the left
+-XsZycnQrdk-00012-00002927-00003142 the user checkings can be divided into
+-XsZycnQrdk-00013-00003143-00003231 three groups
+-XsZycnQrdk-00014-00003232-00003415 and each group contains multiple
+-XsZycnQrdk-00015-00003415-00003686 spatially adjacent locations
+-XsZycnQrdk-00016-00003688-00003943 well this assumption is explainable as
+-XsZycnQrdk-00017-00003944-00004127 many people often buy
+-XsZycnQrdk-00018-00004128-00004454 groceries drink coffee eat
+-XsZycnQrdk-00019-00004455-00004638 and do exercise nearby their
+-XsZycnQrdk-00020-00004639-00004767 neighborhoods or
+-XsZycnQrdk-00021-00004768-00005063 their workplaces so it is natural that
+-XsZycnQrdk-00022-00005064-00005215 we divide locations
+-XsZycnQrdk-00023-00005216-00005527 into different areas or greece
+-XsZycnQrdk-00024-00005528-00005854 based on spatial distances
+-XsZycnQrdk-00025-00005855-00006070 however according to the visualization
+-XsZycnQrdk-00026-00006071-00006295 of user trajectory in real-world data
+-XsZycnQrdk-00027-00006296-00006343 sets
+-XsZycnQrdk-00028-00006344-00006591 such as foursquare we find that most
+-XsZycnQrdk-00029-00006592-00006823 user check-ins are spatially sparse
+-XsZycnQrdk-00030-00006823-00007063 instead of spatially centered and the
+-XsZycnQrdk-00031-00007064-00007214 visiting sequence is fairly
+-XsZycnQrdk-00032-00007215-00007423 regulated this could be due to the
+-XsZycnQrdk-00033-00007423-00007606 sparsity of checking data
+-XsZycnQrdk-00034-00007608-00007774 we also noticed that the visiting
+-XsZycnQrdk-00035-00007775-00007991 frequency also varies from location to
+-XsZycnQrdk-00036-00007992-00008070 location
+-XsZycnQrdk-00037-00008072-00008471 which is rarely discussed in prior works
+-XsZycnQrdk-00038-00008472-00008671 the adjacency assumption does not apply
+-XsZycnQrdk-00039-00008672-00008839 to sparse and irregulated
+-XsZycnQrdk-00040-00008840-00009046 trajectories but we can still use the
+-XsZycnQrdk-00041-00009047-00009214 spatial temporal effect
+-XsZycnQrdk-00042-00009215-00009423 within the trajectory to discover the
+-XsZycnQrdk-00043-00009424-00009551 correlation between
+-XsZycnQrdk-00044-00009552-00010087 different visits
+-XsZycnQrdk-00045-00010088-00010303 in particular this puts forward an
+-XsZycnQrdk-00046-00010304-00010487 interest in how to capture the spatial
+-XsZycnQrdk-00047-00010488-00010623 temporal correlation
+-XsZycnQrdk-00048-00010624-00010906 between non-adjacent locations and
+-XsZycnQrdk-00049-00010907-00011127 non-consecutive visits
+-XsZycnQrdk-00050-00011128-00011383 our main contribution in this work is to
+-XsZycnQrdk-00051-00011384-00011542 innovate the architecture
+-XsZycnQrdk-00052-00011543-00011735 that improves the spatial temporal
+-XsZycnQrdk-00053-00011736-00011951 representation and reflects the visiting
+-XsZycnQrdk-00054-00011952-00012070 frequency
+-XsZycnQrdk-00055-00012071-00012255 a trajectory example is shown in the
+-XsZycnQrdk-00056-00012256-00012478 left figure the user goes to the
+-XsZycnQrdk-00057-00012479-00012631 workplace on weekends
+-XsZycnQrdk-00058-00012632-00012863 go shopping on monday and goes to nearby
+-XsZycnQrdk-00059-00012863-00013015 restaurants to eat
+-XsZycnQrdk-00060-00013016-00013271 at each time this scenario can be
+-XsZycnQrdk-00061-00013272-00013535 modeled by the adjacency assumption
+-XsZycnQrdk-00062-00013536-00013735 but we have another perspective for
+-XsZycnQrdk-00063-00013736-00013863 example the
+-XsZycnQrdk-00064-00013863-00014063 the distances and the time intervals
+-XsZycnQrdk-00065-00014063-00014279 between restaurants themselves
+-XsZycnQrdk-00066-00014280-00014447 reflect the spatial temporal
+-XsZycnQrdk-00067-00014447-00014599 correlations
+-XsZycnQrdk-00068-00014600-00014847 the exact spatial temporal correlation
+-XsZycnQrdk-00069-00014847-00015071 reflects the regularity of user
+-XsZycnQrdk-00070-00015072-00015158 preference
+-XsZycnQrdk-00071-00015159-00015366 how far and when the user is going to
+-XsZycnQrdk-00072-00015368-00015630 make the next mobility if this
+-XsZycnQrdk-00073-00015631-00015871 information is captured effectively
+-XsZycnQrdk-00074-00015872-00016038 the model may perceive from the
+-XsZycnQrdk-00075-00016040-00016222 trajectory that these locations are
+-XsZycnQrdk-00076-00016223-00016303 relevant
+-XsZycnQrdk-00077-00016304-00016591 functionally in this case even without
+-XsZycnQrdk-00078-00016592-00016750 adjacency assumption
+-XsZycnQrdk-00079-00016751-00016958 the model may still aggregate relevant
+-XsZycnQrdk-00080-00016959-00017086 relocations with
+-XsZycnQrdk-00081-00017087-00017391 regardless of their spatial and temporal
+-XsZycnQrdk-00082-00017392-00017494 adjacency
+-XsZycnQrdk-00083-00017495-00018127 this model is stem
+-XsZycnQrdk-00084-00018128-00018399 the architecture of stem is shown in the
+-XsZycnQrdk-00085-00018400-00018494 right figure
+-XsZycnQrdk-00086-00018495-00019022 and we will refer to it later
+-XsZycnQrdk-00087-00019023-00019199 let's quickly review the problem
+-XsZycnQrdk-00088-00019200-00019430 description of the poi
+-XsZycnQrdk-00089-00019431-00019727 recommendation the trajectory data we
+-XsZycnQrdk-00090-00019728-00019775 have
+-XsZycnQrdk-00091-00019776-00020039 is a sequence with each element contains
+-XsZycnQrdk-00092-00020040-00020183 user id
+-XsZycnQrdk-00093-00020184-00020486 location id and exact time
+-XsZycnQrdk-00094-00020487-00020735 we can use non-repeat sets to include
+-XsZycnQrdk-00095-00020736-00020847 all the users
+-XsZycnQrdk-00096-00020848-00021214 locations and time here we construct two
+-XsZycnQrdk-00097-00021215-00021478 spatial temporal relation matrices
+-XsZycnQrdk-00098-00021479-00021735 the trajectory spatial temporal relation
+-XsZycnQrdk-00099-00021736-00021814 matrix
+-XsZycnQrdk-00100-00021815-00022014 stores the relative spatial and temporal
+-XsZycnQrdk-00101-00022015-00022119 differences
+-XsZycnQrdk-00102-00022120-00022303 between any two visits within the
+-XsZycnQrdk-00103-00022304-00022447 trajectory
+-XsZycnQrdk-00104-00022448-00022686 the candidate spatial temporal relation
+-XsZycnQrdk-00105-00022687-00022807 matrix
+-XsZycnQrdk-00106-00022808-00023071 stores the relative spatial and temporal
+-XsZycnQrdk-00107-00023072-00023222 differences
+-XsZycnQrdk-00108-00023223-00023550 between each visits each visit
+-XsZycnQrdk-00109-00023551-00023903 in the trajectory and each potential
+-XsZycnQrdk-00110-00023904-00023975 visit
+-XsZycnQrdk-00111-00023976-00024342 in the location set
+-XsZycnQrdk-00112-00024343-00024542 the first matrix is used for
+-XsZycnQrdk-00113-00024543-00024686 representation learning
+-XsZycnQrdk-00114-00024687-00024983 and the second matrix is used for next
+-XsZycnQrdk-00115-00024984-00025527 location matching
+-XsZycnQrdk-00116-00025528-00025758 before feeding the data into the neural
+-XsZycnQrdk-00117-00025760-00025943 network we inherit from
+-XsZycnQrdk-00118-00025944-00026206 previous works to use direct latent
+-XsZycnQrdk-00119-00026207-00026607 embedding
+-XsZycnQrdk-00120-00026608-00026879 then we propose a continuous spatial
+-XsZycnQrdk-00121-00026880-00026983 temporal embedding
+-XsZycnQrdk-00122-00026983-00027239 that reflects the continuity of spatial
+-XsZycnQrdk-00123-00027239-00027390 temporal effect
+-XsZycnQrdk-00124-00027391-00027614 in the past the separate embedding is a
+-XsZycnQrdk-00125-00027616-00027855 fixed dictionary that each embedded
+-XsZycnQrdk-00126-00027856-00027951 vector
+-XsZycnQrdk-00127-00027952-00028270 points to a different direction
+-XsZycnQrdk-00128-00028272-00028687 so this does not mean anything
+-XsZycnQrdk-00129-00028688-00028974 however if we set a unit embedding as
+-XsZycnQrdk-00130-00028975-00029183 the embedding of 100 meters
+-XsZycnQrdk-00131-00029183-00029518 in one hour for example we can directly
+-XsZycnQrdk-00132-00029519-00029655 represent one
+-XsZycnQrdk-00133-00029656-00029999 kilometer and 10 hours as
+-XsZycnQrdk-00134-00030000-00030351 10 times the unit embedding so
+-XsZycnQrdk-00135-00030352-00030679 consequently the actual spatial
+-XsZycnQrdk-00136-00030680-00030967 distances and the temporal intervals are
+-XsZycnQrdk-00137-00030968-00030999 still
+-XsZycnQrdk-00138-00031000-00031327 reflected within the embeddings and
+-XsZycnQrdk-00139-00031327-00031527 meanwhile the computational complexity
+-XsZycnQrdk-00140-00031527-00031679 is reduced
+-XsZycnQrdk-00141-00031680-00031999 so we can achieve dense and continuous
+-XsZycnQrdk-00142-00032000-00032335 at the same time after the multimodal
+-XsZycnQrdk-00143-00032336-00032614 embedding layer we use an attention
+-XsZycnQrdk-00144-00032616-00032751 aggregation layer
+-XsZycnQrdk-00145-00032752-00033055 to update the check-in embeddings within
+-XsZycnQrdk-00146-00033056-00033271 the trajectory
+-XsZycnQrdk-00147-00033272-00033455 the point-to-point interaction within
+-XsZycnQrdk-00148-00033456-00033639 the trajectory allows the layer to
+-XsZycnQrdk-00149-00033640-00033902 assign more weights to relevant visits
+-XsZycnQrdk-00150-00033903-00034102 and update the representation with
+-XsZycnQrdk-00151-00034103-00034327 spatial temporal correlations
+-XsZycnQrdk-00152-00034328-00034567 unlike fireworks that divide the long
+-XsZycnQrdk-00153-00034568-00034815 trajectory into several short sequences
+-XsZycnQrdk-00154-00034816-00035095 the computation here is to just to use
+-XsZycnQrdk-00155-00035096-00035151 the
+-XsZycnQrdk-00156-00035152-00035439 attention mask so that we can use the
+-XsZycnQrdk-00157-00035440-00035511 first
+-XsZycnQrdk-00158-00035512-00035735 visit to predict the second visit and
+-XsZycnQrdk-00159-00035736-00035951 use the first and second video to
+-XsZycnQrdk-00160-00035952-00036135 predict the third widget
+-XsZycnQrdk-00161-00036136-00036502 and so on a similar mask can be applied
+-XsZycnQrdk-00162-00036503-00036702 to the spatial temporal
+-XsZycnQrdk-00163-00036703-00037046 matrix which only allows the upper
+-XsZycnQrdk-00164-00037047-00037639 left matrix for computation
+-XsZycnQrdk-00165-00037640-00037902 afterwards we use an attention matching
+-XsZycnQrdk-00166-00037903-00037967 layer
+-XsZycnQrdk-00167-00037968-00038159 for the final recording of candidate
+-XsZycnQrdk-00168-00038160-00038367 locations this layer allows the
+-XsZycnQrdk-00169-00038368-00038574 candidate locations to interact with
+-XsZycnQrdk-00170-00038575-00038607 each
+-XsZycnQrdk-00171-00038608-00038902 visits in the trajectory to compute its
+-XsZycnQrdk-00172-00038903-00038990 relevance
+-XsZycnQrdk-00173-00038991-00039318 and the probability as the next location
+-XsZycnQrdk-00174-00039319-00039623 here the visiting frequencies reflected
+-XsZycnQrdk-00175-00039624-00039895 if a user visits a location from
+-XsZycnQrdk-00176-00039896-00040118 multiple times
+-XsZycnQrdk-00177-00040119-00040287 the attention matching layer will
+-XsZycnQrdk-00178-00040288-00040535 compute this location multiple times
+-XsZycnQrdk-00179-00040536-00040751 and add all of them to the final
+-XsZycnQrdk-00180-00040752-00040967 matching it should be noted that each
+-XsZycnQrdk-00181-00040968-00041143 computing location is placed in
+-XsZycnQrdk-00182-00041144-00041190 different
+-XsZycnQrdk-00183-00041191-00041446 visits in the sequence so it is not the
+-XsZycnQrdk-00184-00041447-00041502 direct
+-XsZycnQrdk-00185-00041503-00041815 multiplication
+-XsZycnQrdk-00186-00041816-00041990 we also use a balanced sampler to
+-XsZycnQrdk-00187-00041991-00042167 compute the matching loss
+-XsZycnQrdk-00188-00042168-00042367 because cross-entropy loss uses all the
+-XsZycnQrdk-00189-00042368-00042495 negative samples
+-XsZycnQrdk-00190-00042496-00042839 so it optimizes the model to
+-XsZycnQrdk-00191-00042840-00043046 avoid wrong prediction rather than make
+-XsZycnQrdk-00192-00043047-00043407 the correct prediction
+-XsZycnQrdk-00193-00043408-00043639 the binary cross-entropy loss however
+-XsZycnQrdk-00194-00043640-00043774 does not make an
+-XsZycnQrdk-00195-00043775-00044046 exploitative use of abandoned negative
+-XsZycnQrdk-00196-00044047-00044246 samples in the data set
+-XsZycnQrdk-00197-00044247-00044455 we tune the hybrid parameter of negative
+-XsZycnQrdk-00198-00044456-00044583 samples
+-XsZycnQrdk-00199-00044584-00044830 to make a balanced sampling between the
+-XsZycnQrdk-00200-00044831-00044958 positive sample
+-XsZycnQrdk-00201-00044959-00045246 and the negative samples in experiments
+-XsZycnQrdk-00202-00045247-00045390 our model outperforms
+-XsZycnQrdk-00203-00045391-00045646 baselines in recall rates by 9 to 17
+-XsZycnQrdk-00204-00045647-00045758 percent
+-XsZycnQrdk-00205-00045759-00046039 the ablation analysis shows that the
+-XsZycnQrdk-00206-00046040-00046127 balanced
+-XsZycnQrdk-00207-00046128-00046367 sampler plays the most important role
+-XsZycnQrdk-00208-00046368-00046551 while both the spatial and temporal
+-XsZycnQrdk-00209-00046552-00046662 correlation learning
+-XsZycnQrdk-00210-00046663-00047118 can improve the record rates
+-XsZycnQrdk-00211-00047119-00047423 the stability study shows that then
+-XsZycnQrdk-00212-00047424-00047718 is generally insensitive to important
+-XsZycnQrdk-00213-00047719-00047823 parameters
+-XsZycnQrdk-00214-00047824-00048079 especially for smaller data sets such as
+-XsZycnQrdk-00215-00048080-00048327 nyc and tky
+-XsZycnQrdk-00216-00048328-00048607 for larger data sets such as gorilla
+-XsZycnQrdk-00217-00048608-00048758 hyperparameter tuning
+-XsZycnQrdk-00218-00048759-00049062 is non-trivial
+-XsZycnQrdk-00219-00049063-00049274 this is the final slide thank you for
+-XsZycnQrdk-00220-00049275-00049575 listening
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00000-00000064-00000279 one of the the persons having worked in
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00001-00000280-00000359 this field
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00002-00000360-00000823 for i think the longest time uh
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00003-00000824-00001215 at least focusing on k-12
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00004-00001216-00001543 you are one of the most prominent people
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00005-00001544-00001855 up to date i think this is
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00006-00001855-00002095 a very for us a very big honor to have
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00007-00002096-00002263 you here
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00008-00002264-00002526 and to listen to your experience of the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00009-00002527-00002583 way
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00010-00002584-00002918 this this field is
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00011-00002919-00003335 has been or is moving at the moment
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00012-00003336-00003551 so i'm gonna i'm gonna do a thing that
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00013-00003552-00003847 i'm not really sure if i
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00014-00003847-00004231 can but i'm gonna so i'm gonna spotlight
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00015-00004232-00004335 you
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00016-00004336-00004519 which means that everyone sees you and
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00017-00004520-00004663 your presentation
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00018-00004664-00004967 okay so yes so
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00019-00004968-00005351 welcome michael and please
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00020-00005352-00005695 thank you okay um so um
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00021-00005696-00005886 i'm michael barber i'm at toro
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00022-00005887-00006134 university california which is a
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00023-00006135-00006406 private jewish university located in
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00024-00006408-00006598 vallejo which is just outside of san
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00025-00006600-00006719 francisco in the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00026-00006720-00006983 bay area it's part of actually a
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00027-00006984-00007214 university system so we have about 30
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00028-00007215-00007383 campuses worldwide
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00029-00007384-00007703 mostly in the metropolitan new york area
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00030-00007704-00007919 and each of the campuses are relatively
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00031-00007920-00008046 small we've got about 2
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00032-00008047-00008391 000 students here at here in california
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00033-00008392-00008614 and i think there's about 23
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00034-00008615-00008919 000 total throughout the the 30 odd
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00035-00008920-00009087 campuses that we have
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00036-00009088-00009351 um so basically i was asked to sort of
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00037-00009352-00009487 talk about
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00038-00009488-00009719 where we've been and how we got to where
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00039-00009720-00009871 we are right now and and
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00040-00009872-00010103 for also that matter to sort of situate
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00041-00010104-00010191 a little bit of
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00042-00010192-00010455 where we are right now um because
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00043-00010456-00010623 obviously we're we're not
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00044-00010624-00010903 in normal times if you will um so when
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00045-00010904-00011031 we look at
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00046-00011032-00011214 distance education in general at the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00047-00011215-00011399 k-12 level it's really followed
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00048-00011400-00011703 a a similar trajectory that we see in
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00049-00011704-00011895 higher education
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00050-00011896-00012191 so as best we can tell at least in north
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00051-00012192-00012295 america
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00052-00012296-00012510 some of the first uh correspondence
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00053-00012511-00012663 programs that we
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00054-00012664-00013071 uh saw developed in the early 1900s 1906
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00055-00013072-00013247 and actually in british columbia is the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00056-00013247-00013503 first one we can find in north america
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00057-00013504-00013903 that's about 25 years after the first
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00058-00013904-00014158 program that we saw in higher education
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00059-00014159-00014438 that moves to educational radio which
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00060-00014440-00014615 you know our colleagues in australia for
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00061-00014616-00014871 example have used a great deal and still
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00062-00014872-00015015 do for that matter
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00063-00015016-00015215 used a lot in the american midwest as
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00064-00015216-00015327 well
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00065-00015328-00015615 instructional television which again was
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00066-00015616-00015830 used a lot in the american midwest we
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00067-00015831-00015894 saw it
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00068-00015895-00016183 used in a number of asian countries as
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00069-00016184-00016439 their main method in the 1980s
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00070-00016440-00016767 uh telematics or audiographics was the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00071-00016768-00016943 the dominant technology
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00072-00016944-00017207 used a lot in canada as well as in
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00073-00017208-00017327 australia
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00074-00017328-00017743 and then we move into 1991 is the year
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00075-00017744-00017807 that
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00076-00017808-00018111 the first online school opened up in the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00077-00018112-00018311 united states
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00078-00018312-00018519 now when you're looking at again north
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00079-00018520-00018686 american i'll apologize that
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00080-00018687-00018927 a lot of what we have in the history is
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00081-00018928-00019055 north american
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00082-00019056-00019279 and that's largely in part because while
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00083-00019280-00019503 there is a little bit written about
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00084-00019504-00019679 the development of k-12 distance
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00085-00019680-00019911 education k-12 online learning
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00086-00019912-00020247 in australia and new zealand and to a
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00087-00020248-00020358 lesser extent
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00088-00020359-00020703 south korea the vast majority of of
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00089-00020704-00020767 what's
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00090-00020768-00020958 written at least in english language
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00091-00020959-00021071 publications
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00092-00021072-00021335 has tended to focus upon the north
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00093-00021336-00021511 american context and in particular the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00094-00021512-00021663 american context so
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00095-00021664-00021991 even canada often gets lost in in that
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00096-00021992-00022063 mix
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00097-00022064-00022407 um now i'm my french is
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00098-00022408-00022647 you know come see kamsa i know that most
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00099-00022648-00022750 folks in europe
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00100-00022751-00022943 speak multiple languages so you guys
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00101-00022944-00023158 would probably have a better sense
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00102-00023159-00023342 of what some of the k-12 literature
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00103-00023343-00023519 talks about um
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00104-00023520-00023775 over there compared to what i would have
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00105-00023776-00023919 but when we're looking at
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00106-00023920-00024214 the online schools the online learning
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00107-00024215-00024303 in the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00108-00024304-00024550 essentially north america the first
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00109-00024551-00024735 private online school was developed in
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00110-00024736-00024967 1991 here in california
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00111-00024968-00025278 laurel springs school was the name the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00112-00025279-00025335 first
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00113-00025336-00025727 full-time public programs began in 94
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00114-00025727-00025967 the first supplemental programs
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00115-00025968-00026351 uh began in 93. most people sort of see
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00116-00026352-00026639 the field as really taking off in 96
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00117-00026639-00026862 when the florida virtual school and the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00118-00026863-00027046 virtual high school
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00119-00027047-00027370 consortium were created by
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00120-00027372-00027623 2001 because you had a lot of states
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00121-00027624-00027887 that were putting out
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00122-00027888-00028039 both state-based grants and there was a
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00123-00028039-00028183 lot fair amount of federal funding
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00124-00028183-00028262 available
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00125-00028263-00028607 in the us we saw a number of um states
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00126-00028608-00028823 that started to get involved in it
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00127-00028824-00029055 so by the early 2000s you're looking
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00128-00029056-00029135 into the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00129-00029136-00029374 two to three dozen states you'll also
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00130-00029375-00029495 note k-12
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00131-00029495-00029823 inc and connections academy were both
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00132-00029824-00030039 founded in 2001.
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00133-00030039-00030239 those are the two main companies that
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00134-00030239-00030399 provide cyber charter
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00135-00030400-00030670 schools in the u.s as you look through
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00136-00030672-00030814 you can sort of see
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00137-00030816-00031127 the numbers increasing
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00138-00031127-00031423 until you get up to about 2000 um or
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00139-00031424-00031599 sorry 2010
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00140-00031600-00031870 2011 is finally when every state plus
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00141-00031872-00032070 the district of columbia
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00142-00032072-00032279 has some form of online learning going
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00143-00032280-00032607 on and if we were to continue out this
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00144-00032608-00032911 what you'd find is that right now
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00145-00032912-00033174 we estimate that there are probably
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00146-00033175-00033335 somewhere in the neighborhood
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00147-00033336-00033590 of anywhere from three to five million
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00148-00033591-00033671 students
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00149-00033672-00033887 that are engaged in supplemental forms
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00150-00033888-00034079 of online learning in the us
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00151-00034080-00034318 uh that works out to about five percent
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00152-00034319-00034559 of the k-12 population
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00153-00034560-00034767 um probably in the neighborhood of about
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00154-00034768-00035031 a million students involved in full-time
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00155-00035032-00035335 online learning um so you're looking at
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00156-00035336-00035502 really small numbers in canada that's
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00157-00035503-00035599 about the same
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00158-00035600-00036007 i think last year we had 6.1
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00159-00036008-00036159 of the students that had taken one or
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00160-00036160-00036351 more courses online
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00161-00036352-00036518 uh two reports about mentioned there
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00162-00036519-00036727 that you see on the bottom of the scale
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00163-00036728-00037062 in 2003 the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00164-00037063-00037351 evergreen consortium or evergreen
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00165-00037352-00037511 consulting story
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00166-00037512-00037751 out of colorado began producing their
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00167-00037752-00037927 keeping pace reports
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00168-00037928-00038151 and for each year thereafter they did
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00169-00038152-00038327 those and essentially that was a telling
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00170-00038328-00038374 of
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00171-00038375-00038583 what was happening on a state-by-state
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00172-00038584-00038679 basis
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00173-00038680-00038895 uh both in terms of the activity but
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00174-00038896-00039102 also the legislative slash
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00175-00039103-00039395 regulatory environments that existed in
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00176-00039396-00039543 2009
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00177-00039544-00039823 i led a i've been leading since then a
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00178-00039824-00039990 group of researchers that essentially do
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00179-00039991-00040151 the same type of report
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00180-00040152-00040302 in canada we call it the state of the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00181-00040303-00040574 nation report uh both of those reports
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00182-00040575-00040718 are available online
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00183-00040719-00040943 freely available so if you search
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00184-00040944-00041215 keeping pace with k-12 online learning
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00185-00041216-00041543 or state of the nation k-12 online
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00186-00041544-00041687 learning you'll find
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00187-00041688-00041918 the websites for both those projects and
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00188-00041919-00042079 be able to look through them
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00189-00042080-00042246 now i've mentioned a couple of terms as
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00190-00042247-00042430 i've been going through this idea of
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00191-00042431-00042662 supplemental online learning
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00192-00042663-00042895 and full-time online learning so
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00193-00042896-00042999 supplemental
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00194-00043000-00043246 is where the students are registered in
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00195-00043247-00043446 a physical or brick and mortar
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00196-00043447-00043718 school and they may be taking one or
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00197-00043719-00043999 more courses online to supplement
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00198-00044000-00044151 things that they can't get in the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00199-00044152-00044311 classroom or things that just might not
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00200-00044312-00044607 fit into their schedules
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00201-00044608-00044911 so they these students
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00202-00044912-00045151 have all of the trappings and support
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00203-00045152-00045295 that you would normally find
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00204-00045296-00045655 in a typical brick and mortar school
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00205-00045656-00045839 in most cases these students when they
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00206-00045840-00046039 engage in their online learning
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00207-00046040-00046318 do so within the school building
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00208-00046319-00046518 oftentimes in a distance learning room
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00209-00046519-00046735 or learning resource center
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00210-00046736-00047079 so they have the ability to access
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00211-00047080-00047327 you know that technology support in many
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00212-00047328-00047590 cases they're assigned a facilitator
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00213-00047591-00047855 or an on-site mentor in fact in some
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00214-00047856-00047958 states
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00215-00047959-00048174 it's actually required and it's
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00216-00048175-00048335 interesting i forgot to mention one
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00217-00048336-00048462 thing with the timeline
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00218-00048463-00048767 you'll notice up here that in 2006
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00219-00048768-00048967 michigan becomes the first state in the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00220-00048968-00049151 u.s to require
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00221-00049152-00049311 students to have some sort of online
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00222-00049312-00049535 learning experience in order to graduate
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00223-00049536-00049751 from high school
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00224-00049752-00050086 by the mid 2000 teens
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00225-00050087-00050279 there were actually 12 states that had
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00226-00050280-00050502 some kind of requirement like that
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00227-00050503-00050767 many of them have now backed off and
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00228-00050768-00050918 there are only six
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00229-00050919-00051095 left in the us that still have that
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00230-00051096-00051319 requirement starting with the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00231-00051320-00051550 incoming class that began their high
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00232-00051551-00051654 school careers
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00233-00051655-00051919 uh this past september all students in
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00234-00051920-00052087 the canadian province of ontario
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00235-00052088-00052279 are going to be required to take two
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00236-00052279-00052487 online courses in order to graduate from
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00237-00052488-00052566 high school
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00238-00052567-00052799 and so these would be the supplemental
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00239-00052800-00052903 kinds of kids
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00240-00052904-00053215 you know the kids that are
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00241-00053216-00053423 in the u.s oftentimes students that have
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00242-00053424-00053607 to take an advanced placement course
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00243-00053608-00053791 that live in a rural area so there's not
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00244-00053791-00053950 enough students interested
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00245-00053951-00054254 to warrant having a class for it um i
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00246-00054255-00054430 imagine you guys get a lot of the same
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00247-00054432-00054535 stuff in rural
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00248-00054536-00054950 and remote areas in in sweden
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00249-00054951-00055159 when you're looking at the us you can
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00250-00055160-00055335 see the states here in green
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00251-00055336-00055559 are the ones that have significant
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00252-00055560-00055711 activity when it comes
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00253-00055712-00056015 to supplemental that we know about now
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00254-00056016-00056199 i say that we know about because you can
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00255-00056200-00056319 see that
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00256-00056320-00056494 they say that they're states that have
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00257-00056495-00056663 state virtual schools
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00258-00056664-00056911 so these are supplemental programs now
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00259-00056912-00057159 the difficulty is that a lot of the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00260-00057160-00057287 online learning
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00261-00057288-00057638 that happens in the us happens under the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00262-00057639-00057726 radar
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00263-00057727-00057991 and so as an example i was involved in
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00264-00057991-00058054 as a
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00265-00058055-00058254 expert witness in a court case in
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00266-00058255-00058359 missouri
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00267-00058360-00058542 a couple of years ago where the school
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00268-00058544-00058694 district
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00269-00058695-00059007 had both a supplemental program they had
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00270-00059008-00059359 a full-time at-home program as well as a
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00271-00059360-00059542 full-time at school program
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00272-00059544-00059694 so they had three different types of
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00273-00059695-00059975 online programs but yet the students
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00274-00059976-00060223 in that district were all registered in
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00275-00060224-00060391 a brick and mortar school regardless of
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00276-00060391-00060526 what they did
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00277-00060527-00060703 so according because none of the other
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00278-00060704-00060942 ones had school identification codes
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00279-00060944-00061206 so based upon what the state knew the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00280-00061207-00061415 state had no idea that students were
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00281-00061416-00061566 enrolled in online programs or
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00282-00061567-00061742 face-to-face programs they were all
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00283-00061744-00061959 enrolled in you know george george
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00284-00061960-00062079 washington high school
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00285-00062079-00062294 or franklin roosevelt higher what have
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00286-00062295-00062391 you
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00287-00062391-00062575 and there's a lot of that that happens
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00288-00062576-00062735 in the us and that's one of the reasons
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00289-00062736-00062871 why we don't have
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00290-00062872-00063030 good numbers on the supplemental
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00291-00063032-00063303 programs now the full-time programs are
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00292-00063304-00063423 the other type
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00293-00063424-00063623 now these are kids that will never step
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00294-00063624-00063782 foot or at least during that particular
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00295-00063783-00063966 academic year that they're enrolled
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00296-00063967-00064094 they don't step foot into a
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00297-00064095-00064382 brick-and-mortar school so they do 100
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00298-00064383-00064647 of their schooling online you'll note
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00299-00064648-00064854 that often that means that
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00300-00064855-00065087 they don't have those types of support
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00301-00065088-00065247 that you would often find
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00302-00065248-00065511 in a traditional brick and mortar school
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00303-00065512-00065703 because of that what ends up happening
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00304-00065704-00066087 is that the parent or the guardian
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00305-00066088-00066271 actually has a formal role in this
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00306-00066272-00066447 environment they're called learning
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00307-00066448-00066526 coach
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00308-00066527-00066719 and based upon some of the court cases
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00309-00066720-00066903 we've seen in the u.s
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00310-00066904-00067150 the learning coach actually is the main
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00311-00067151-00067223 source
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00312-00067224-00067526 of instructional support for the student
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00313-00067527-00067694 it's one of the reasons why i've sort of
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00314-00067695-00067926 pejoratively referred to this
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00315-00067927-00068143 as glorified homeschooling where the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00316-00068144-00068287 state is essentially
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00317-00068288-00068559 paying for the student and parent to
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00318-00068560-00068735 have access to an online curriculum and
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00319-00068736-00068943 access to an on-demand tutor
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00320-00068944-00069206 because that's usually what it amounts
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00321-00069207-00069271 to
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00322-00069272-00069511 in most of these programs these are the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00323-00069512-00069703 type of programs that tend to be run by
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00324-00069704-00069903 for-profit corporations
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00325-00069904-00070287 um in the guise of cyber charter schools
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00326-00070288-00070526 so what ends up happening a lot of times
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00327-00070527-00070623 is they have
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00328-00070624-00070855 significantly high student teacher
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00329-00070856-00071079 ratios in comparison to what we see
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00330-00071080-00071247 in the supplemental or the public
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00331-00071248-00071382 programs
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00332-00071383-00071662 they students also perform incredibly
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00333-00071663-00071719 poorly
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00334-00071720-00071950 in these kinds of environments when we
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00335-00071951-00072119 look at actually sort of where
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00336-00072120-00072415 the folks are doing this because these
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00337-00072416-00072655 are set up as separate schools
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00338-00072656-00072911 we can track these a little bit better
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00339-00072912-00073150 um so you can see the figures here from
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00340-00073151-00073191 the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00341-00073192-00073550 2019 2020 school year now this was pre
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00342-00073551-00073687 pandemic
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00343-00073688-00074038 um so what you're sorry it's 20
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00344-00074039-00074382 18 2019 school year so you can see that
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00345-00074383-00074694 in most states the full-time population
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00346-00074695-00075038 is in the one percent or less uh range
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00347-00075039-00075206 so you can see pennsylvania which is the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00348-00075207-00075494 highest there it's 2.09 percent
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00349-00075495-00075719 all the rest are one point something or
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00350-00075720-00075855 zero point something
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00351-00075856-00076038 so the number of students engaged in
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00352-00076039-00076167 this is actually quite
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00353-00076168-00076471 small now when you're looking at the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00354-00076472-00076606 research and i i'm going to
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00355-00076607-00076855 jump to the research just for a minute i
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00356-00076856-00077047 know my colleague jared borb who i've
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00357-00077048-00077255 been chatting with in the earlier this
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00358-00077256-00077326 evening
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00359-00077327-00077743 um it's like 12 15 a.m my time here
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00360-00077744-00077903 um he gets the better slot because he's
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00361-00077904-00078087 on the east coast so it's gonna be like
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00362-00078088-00078271 nine o'clock his time in the morning so
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00363-00078272-00078447 that's a i know he's going to talk a
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00364-00078448-00078582 little bit more about the research and
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00365-00078583-00078726 the theory and stuff like that
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00366-00078727-00078887 but i did want to point out a couple of
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00367-00078888-00079055 things so a group of doc
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00368-00079056-00079335 students at byu and i uh did a study a
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00369-00079336-00079567 couple of years ago where we looked at
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00370-00079568-00079887 at the time it was the 356
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00371-00079888-00080150 articles related to k-12 online learning
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00372-00080151-00080294 that we were able to
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00373-00080295-00080623 identify and while i can say it probably
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00374-00080624-00080687 wasn't
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00375-00080688-00080894 every article that was published on k-12
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00376-00080895-00080991 online learning
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00377-00080992-00081223 um in the english language i'm confident
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00378-00081224-00081294 that we got
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00379-00081295-00081559 most of them and it's interesting
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00380-00081560-00081703 because
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00381-00081704-00081847 one of the things i mean you can see the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00382-00081848-00082006 top 10 journals here and that kind of
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00383-00082007-00082062 stuff but
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00384-00082063-00082231 i want to point out the third bullet
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00385-00082232-00082491 point there that if you're looking at
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00386-00082492-00082903 356 articles 102 of them were published
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00387-00082904-00083055 in journals where they only published a
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00388-00083056-00083167 single article
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00389-00083168-00083471 about k-12 distance education which
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00390-00083472-00083671 likely means that the editors probably
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00391-00083672-00083735 had no
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00392-00083736-00083950 background knowledge expertise or
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00393-00083951-00084038 understanding
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00394-00084039-00084255 of k-12 online learning and in most
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00395-00084256-00084462 cases the reviewers probably didn't
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00396-00084463-00084575 either
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00397-00084576-00084726 obviously they didn't have anything else
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00398-00084727-00084894 in that particular journal to be able to
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00399-00084895-00084950 cite
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00400-00084951-00085199 to inform what they did similarly when
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00401-00085200-00085335 you looked at those
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00402-00085336-00085715 uh 356 articles there were
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00403-00085716-00086099 384 distinct authors
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00404-00086100-00086438 276 of those so just about 75
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00405-00086439-00086671 of them had published a single article
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00406-00086672-00086759 in the field and that's
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00407-00086760-00087071 it so not only is about a third of the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00408-00087072-00087231 articles that are being published
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00409-00087232-00087415 published in journals that have no
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00410-00087416-00087694 background expertise or experience with
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00411-00087695-00087791 the field
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00412-00087792-00088087 but 75 of the articles that are being
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00413-00088088-00088126 written
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00414-00088127-00088303 are written by people that have no
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00415-00088304-00088447 background expertise
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00416-00088448-00088662 or experience in the field and it's one
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00417-00088663-00088815 of the reasons why i think when you look
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00418-00088816-00088991 at the field in general and jared will
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00419-00088992-00089167 talk a little bit more about this
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00420-00089168-00089423 uh at the end of the day we've got a
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00421-00089424-00089647 field that really isn't developed
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00422-00089648-00089831 it's uh you know even though we've been
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00423-00089832-00090047 doing this for 30 years now
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00424-00090048-00090287 the first article came out 25 years ago
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00425-00090288-00090431 when you look at just k-12
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00426-00090432-00090638 online learning that doesn't count you
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00427-00090639-00090831 know the hundred years of of experience
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00428-00090832-00090918 we've got with
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00429-00090919-00091318 k-12 distance education before that
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00430-00091319-00091550 really it's an immature field that
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00431-00091551-00091750 hasn't really
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00432-00091751-00092055 built up on itself that well
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00433-00092056-00092271 for a variety of reasons and and this is
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00434-00092272-00092479 probably one of the biggest ones
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00435-00092480-00092743 so that sort of gets you up to about
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00436-00092744-00092982 february of 2020
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00437-00092983-00093191 and then we all know what happens after
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00438-00093192-00093311 that um
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00439-00093312-00093647 you know and when you look at what we
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00440-00093648-00093694 saw
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00441-00093695-00093999 happening i mean for the most part at
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00442-00094000-00094150 least here in north america and i
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00443-00094151-00094206 suspect
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00444-00094207-00094447 it was pretty similar um around the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00445-00094448-00094623 world at least based on the coverage
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00446-00094624-00094718 that i've seen
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00447-00094719-00094943 uh we pretty much switched to what one
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00448-00094944-00095031 of my colleagues
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00449-00095032-00095335 refers to as zoom school because we had
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00450-00095336-00095559 a bunch of teachers that had really
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00451-00095560-00095838 little background in these technologies
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00452-00095839-00095926 they had little
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00453-00095927-00096182 understanding of the pedagogy that was
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00454-00096183-00096303 you know that you needed to
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00455-00096304-00096582 to undertake when you're in a distance
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00456-00096583-00096647 medium
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00457-00096648-00096911 so they essentially just tried to do
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00458-00096912-00097087 what they used to do when they were in
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00459-00097088-00097191 the classroom
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00460-00097192-00097494 but now do it in a screen like this and
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00461-00097495-00097638 that was pretty much it
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00462-00097639-00097823 and in instances where they couldn't do
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00463-00097824-00098031 that i mean we saw news reports
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00464-00098032-00098223 of all sorts of creative things that
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00465-00098224-00098359 were happening around
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00466-00098360-00098631 where you know we had teachers going out
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00467-00098632-00098711 to
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00468-00098712-00098935 parent you know the kids schools and and
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00469-00098936-00099191 teaching them through the the storm door
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00470-00099192-00099238 or
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00471-00099239-00099511 you know preparing math equations for
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00472-00099512-00099606 them on their
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00473-00099607-00099823 parking their their driveway and stuff
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00474-00099824-00099974 like that you know and it
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00475-00099975-00100182 while it was creative and it was
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00476-00100183-00100294 interesting to see
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00477-00100295-00100687 and and in april and may of last year my
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00478-00100688-00100935 hats off to anybody who did any of those
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00479-00100936-00101103 things because this was something that
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00480-00101104-00101279 they weren't prepared for
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00481-00101280-00101503 um you know it really wasn't good
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00482-00101504-00101623 education
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00483-00101624-00101935 and it's not only wasn't good education
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00484-00101936-00102118 but there's been a lot of literature
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00485-00102119-00102223 that's been coming out
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00486-00102224-00102494 in the past year that has been looking
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00487-00102495-00102671 at the idea that it wasn't even
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00488-00102672-00102942 online not that it wasn't good online
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00489-00102943-00103127 learning or good distance education
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00490-00103128-00103302 but it wasn't actually distance
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00491-00103303-00103439 education so
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00492-00103440-00103742 um uh chuck hodges and a group of
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00493-00103743-00103894 colleagues wrote this
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00494-00103895-00104199 in educause
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00495-00104200-00104510 basically what was it march so you know
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00496-00104511-00104647 within a few weeks
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00497-00104648-00104943 of the pandemic starting and they really
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00498-00104944-00105119 went through and tried to delineate the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00499-00105120-00105271 difference between what they described
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00500-00105272-00105383 as emergency
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00501-00105383-00105663 remote teaching and online learning i
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00502-00105664-00105854 was fortunate enough that i managed to
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00503-00105855-00105951 get chuck
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00504-00105952-00106271 and his team on board plus we engaged
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00505-00106272-00106566 kevin kelly and phil hill as well
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00506-00106567-00106790 and randy labonte myself tried to
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00507-00106791-00106871 essentially
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00508-00106872-00107190 do a k-12 version of this and this
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00509-00107191-00107286 report is
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00510-00107288-00107454 available on our state of the nation
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00511-00107455-00107734 website freely available so if you go to
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00512-00107735-00107902 the website there and
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00513-00107903-00108102 just click on research reports you'll
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00514-00108103-00108407 see uh the link to it there
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00515-00108408-00108671 but what essentially we tried to do was
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00516-00108672-00108790 taking a look at
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00517-00108791-00109047 what does emergency remote teaching look
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00518-00109048-00109110 like and
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00519-00109111-00109271 how is it different for online learning
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00520-00109272-00109447 so this is the way
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00521-00109448-00109678 chuck and his colleagues described
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00522-00109679-00109823 online learning
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00523-00109824-00110023 and you know i won't go through and read
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00524-00110024-00110151 this for you but i will
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00525-00110152-00110478 highlight some of the key things here
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00526-00110479-00110686 and i'll point out some specific words
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00527-00110688-00110807 you know purposeful
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00528-00110808-00111090 planning systematic procedures careful
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00529-00111091-00111239 consideration
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00530-00111240-00111439 um you know best suited to the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00531-00111440-00111623 affordances and challenges
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00532-00111624-00111943 purposeful selection careful planning
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00533-00111944-00112199 teachers appropriately trained you know
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00534-00112200-00112327 etc etc
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00535-00112328-00112519 that's online learning you know when you
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00536-00112520-00112743 actually sit down and figure out okay
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00537-00112744-00112927 we have these type of learners we want
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00538-00112928-00113119 to you know address them here's the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00539-00113120-00113254 needs that they have
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00540-00113255-00113486 how can we go about doing this and doing
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00541-00113488-00113686 this effectively
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00542-00113688-00113886 this is what happened in march well
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00543-00113888-00114078 probably april in most cases
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00544-00114079-00114239 because march we were just trying to
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00545-00114240-00114471 figure out um you know what was going to
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00546-00114472-00114615 happen and how long we were going to be
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00547-00114616-00114743 at this and
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00548-00114744-00114902 in most cases how we were going to
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00549-00114903-00115143 provide the necessities that school
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00550-00115144-00115439 often provides like lunch and um you
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00551-00115440-00115623 know some of those others more basic
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00552-00115624-00115831 needs if you will and then we also to
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00553-00115832-00115927 figure out how to get
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00554-00115928-00116175 you know technology to all the kids but
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00555-00116176-00116366 when you look at the definition
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00556-00116367-00116566 that they had for emergency remote
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00557-00116567-00116678 teaching again
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00558-00116679-00116863 looking at some of these key words you
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00559-00116864-00117023 know it's a temporary shift
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00560-00117024-00117327 that's simply in place because of crisis
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00561-00117328-00117495 circumstances
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00562-00117496-00117695 you know that we're only doing this
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00563-00117696-00117823 remote teaching
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00564-00117824-00118119 because um you know it's something that
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00565-00118120-00118151 we
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00566-00118152-00118478 it's a temporary solution um to
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00567-00118479-00118695 otherwise delivering it face to face you
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00568-00118696-00118886 know and once the crisis is over we're
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00569-00118888-00119015 gonna go back to
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00570-00119016-00119247 that face-to-face environment you know
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00571-00119248-00119351 we're not trying to
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00572-00119352-00119671 create a robust educational system here
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00573-00119672-00119807 it's temporary
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00574-00119808-00120039 um you know it's quick to set up and and
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00575-00120040-00120263 hopefully reliably available during
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00576-00120264-00120510 an emergency or crisis although now that
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00577-00120511-00120639 we're i guess
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00578-00120640-00120895 14 months into this now i'm not sure how
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00579-00120896-00121039 reliably available
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00580-00121040-00121327 it has been to us throughout that entire
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00581-00121328-00121383 period
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00582-00121383-00121575 but you can really see the difference
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00583-00121576-00121710 between something that
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00584-00121711-00122031 you know was planned and prepared and
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00585-00122032-00122223 thought about and then something that we
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00586-00122224-00122447 simply did on the fly because it was the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00587-00122448-00122502 only
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00588-00122503-00122702 thing that was available to us or the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00589-00122703-00122983 easiest thing that was available to us
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00590-00122983-00123214 and you know it when we think about the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00591-00123215-00123407 nature of pandemics i mean
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00592-00123408-00123695 you know this is something that happens
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00593-00123696-00123919 on a more regular basis than what you
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00594-00123920-00124086 would normally expect
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00595-00124088-00124223 i mean if you look at sort of the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00596-00124224-00124495 history of major pandemics that we have
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00597-00124496-00124823 um there's at least one in every single
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00598-00124824-00124990 century
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00599-00124991-00125327 that we've recorded now since really um
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00600-00125328-00125631 you know the one two hundreds in recent
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00601-00125632-00125902 years that's tended to be two to four
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00602-00125903-00126078 and you know if you look right down at
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00603-00126079-00126271 the bottom we've had
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00604-00126272-00126678 five count them five global pandemics
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00605-00126679-00126886 since the turn of the millennium you
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00606-00126888-00127031 know so we went from having
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00607-00127032-00127334 one or two a century to two to four a
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00608-00127335-00127390 century
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00609-00127391-00127743 to now having five in the last 20
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00610-00127744-00128119 21 years right so you know
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00611-00128120-00128310 think about what's gonna happen three
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00612-00128311-00128439 four years from now
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00613-00128440-00128727 when the next one rolls around and it's
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00614-00128728-00128943 not just a single type event because you
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00615-00128944-00129119 know as we've come to learn
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00616-00129120-00129302 with this one you know we don't
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00617-00129303-00129478 necessarily know what the waves are
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00618-00129479-00129590 going to look like
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00619-00129591-00129807 but we know that there's going to be
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00620-00129808-00130023 waves this is not a one-time occurrence
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00621-00130024-00130151 that we just ride out
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00622-00130152-00130414 for a short period of time you know this
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00623-00130415-00130583 is something that's going to keep coming
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00624-00130583-00130663 at us
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00625-00130664-00130839 so when you're looking at this from an
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00626-00130840-00130999 educational perspective
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00627-00131000-00131166 you really sort of want to be thinking
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00628-00131167-00131351 about this in
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00629-00131352-00131671 from a pandemic planning perspective
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00630-00131672-00131959 three phases but then looking at how
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00631-00131960-00132190 those three phases are going to impact
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00632-00132191-00132502 what happens when this is all over so if
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00633-00132503-00132751 you look at phase one here
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00634-00132752-00132966 this is essentially march and april of
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00635-00132967-00133247 last year to a lesser extent may
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00636-00133248-00133463 um you know and and at least in north
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00637-00133464-00133678 america and i apologize i don't know
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00638-00133679-00133878 um if you guys are year round schooling
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00639-00133879-00134063 that starts in january and goes through
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00640-00134064-00134199 like my colleagues in
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00641-00134200-00134454 new zealand and australia or if you're a
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00642-00134455-00134614 labor day to june
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00643-00134615-00134927 group like the north american model
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00644-00134928-00135151 but you know depending upon where you
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00645-00135152-00135311 were in the school year
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00646-00135312-00135647 um either relatively early into it or as
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00647-00135648-00135854 we were over here getting near the end
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00648-00135855-00135959 of it
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00649-00135960-00136190 you know phase one basically was for the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00650-00136191-00136383 end of our school year
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00651-00136384-00136702 um we had some teachers that
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00652-00136703-00136999 were moving into phase two those that
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00653-00137000-00137127 may have been a little bit more
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00654-00137128-00137327 technologically inclined
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00655-00137328-00137519 in the first place those that were in
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00656-00137520-00137743 schools or districts that
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00657-00137744-00137983 were already engaged in more blended
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00658-00137984-00138231 learning so they already had the devices
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00659-00138232-00138390 and the students were already familiar
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00660-00138391-00138607 with a lot of the tools
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00661-00138608-00138878 but for the most part the vast majority
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00662-00138879-00138911 of
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00663-00138912-00139214 of schools over in north america on that
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00664-00139215-00139343 september to june
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00665-00139344-00139527 model or the august to may model
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00666-00139528-00139678 depending upon where you are in north
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00667-00139679-00139775 america
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00668-00139776-00140043 um stayed in phase one during the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00669-00140044-00140254 2019-2020 school year
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00670-00140255-00140495 now they had the opportunity to move to
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00671-00140496-00140614 phase two or three
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00672-00140615-00140839 ideally phase three by the time
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00673-00140840-00141014 september rolled around but
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00674-00141015-00141327 for most places that didn't happen
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00675-00141328-00141599 um and i'll get that to the next slide
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00676-00141600-00141639 now
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00677-00141640-00141790 the next thing that we need to start
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00678-00141791-00141959 thinking about um
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00679-00141960-00142239 is what happens next i mean you know
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00680-00142240-00142366 we're at a point now
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00681-00142367-00142614 where we have a fair amount of the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00682-00142615-00142847 population that's been vaccinated
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00683-00142848-00143047 um you know that plus the folks that
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00684-00143048-00143166 have already had it
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00685-00143167-00143383 we're getting too close to where we may
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00686-00143384-00143502 be achieving
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00687-00143503-00143790 some measure of hurt immunity so what
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00688-00143791-00143854 does
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00689-00143855-00144087 you know the impact of the last 14
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00690-00144088-00144166 months
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00691-00144167-00144414 um to 16 months by the time we're out of
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00692-00144415-00144471 this
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00693-00144472-00144726 have when we start up at least for us in
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00694-00144727-00144951 september of 2021.
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00695-00144952-00145287 now i say that they should have moved to
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00696-00145288-00145702 phase three in the fall of 2020
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00697-00145703-00145943 over here in north america and in order
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00698-00145944-00146166 to do that they would have needed to
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00699-00146167-00146390 you know each of these three levels
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00700-00146391-00146526 would have needed to do
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00701-00146527-00146895 these 9 10 these 10 things that i've got
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00702-00146896-00146990 on the screen
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00703-00146991-00147151 although you'll see the districts and
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00704-00147152-00147351 the schools have some commonalities
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00705-00147352-00147423 there
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00706-00147424-00147711 um you know one of the things that
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00707-00147712-00147959 didn't happen in a single jurisdiction
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00708-00147960-00148351 in north america you know we know that
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00709-00148352-00148559 depending upon the nature of the school
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00710-00148560-00148951 system in the 2019-2020 school year
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00711-00148952-00149231 at best schools managed to get through
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00712-00149232-00149407 eighty percent of the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00713-00149408-00149854 time that was allotted to education
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00714-00149855-00150151 the other 20 was disrupted and some
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00715-00150152-00150302 teachers might have gotten through a lot
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00716-00150303-00150487 during that disruption most got through
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00717-00150488-00150607 very little
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00718-00150608-00150783 you know so we already knew that we were
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00719-00150784-00150990 starting the 2021 school year
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00720-00150991-00151302 behind as it was and we
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00721-00151303-00151575 should have known based upon you know
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00722-00151576-00151814 this idea of having to go back and forth
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00723-00151815-00152087 toggling between different modalities
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00724-00152088-00152295 that there were going to be disruptions
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00725-00152296-00152535 in this school year
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00726-00152536-00152759 any educational jurisdiction out there
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00727-00152760-00152919 should have looked at their curriculum
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00728-00152920-00153014 and said okay
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00729-00153015-00153214 what things do we cover in grade three
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00730-00153215-00153383 that are absolutely necessary for a
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00731-00153384-00153495 student to know
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00732-00153496-00153783 in grade four in order to have success
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00733-00153784-00153926 the following year
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00734-00153927-00154135 let's tell the teachers you know what
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00735-00154136-00154295 sixty percent of the curriculum they
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00736-00154296-00154399 have to cover
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00737-00154400-00154575 and if they can cover another ten
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00738-00154576-00154743 percent or another twenty percent
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00739-00154744-00154935 that's great you know because they're
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00740-00154936-00155054 already gonna have to make up some of
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00741-00155055-00155199 the grade two stuff that the students
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00742-00155200-00155366 didn't get last year anyway
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00743-00155367-00155535 you know over here we call them power
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00744-00155536-00155719 standards but what are those power
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00745-00155720-00155926 standards that you need to have
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00746-00155927-00156166 for the curriculum continuity purposes
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00747-00156167-00156326 and there wasn't a single jurisdiction
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00748-00156327-00156447 in north america that
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00749-00156448-00156687 did that to essentially guide teachers
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00750-00156688-00156751 to say
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00751-00156752-00156935 here's what's absolutely necessary to
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00752-00156936-00157111 cover over the next year
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00753-00157112-00157326 here's the stuff we'd like you to do if
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00754-00157327-00157511 you have to drop stuff here's the stuff
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00755-00157512-00157663 you can drop
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00756-00157664-00157943 and you know that's just the first thing
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00757-00157944-00157999 that well
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00758-00158000-00158126 actually it's the second thing on the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00759-00158127-00158311 list providing early guidance was the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00760-00158312-00158526 first thing which they totally blew
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00761-00158527-00158751 because in most cases it was weeks
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00762-00158752-00158943 sometimes days before school
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00763-00158944-00159143 sometimes after school i had to check
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00764-00159144-00159247 was supposed to
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00765-00159248-00159431 have officially started was when they
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00766-00159432-00159566 started to provide a lot of this
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00767-00159567-00159678 guidance
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00768-00159679-00159807 you know and when you look at some of
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00769-00159808-00159943 these other things very few
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00770-00159944-00160063 jurisdictions
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00771-00160064-00160214 did this in a way that would have
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00772-00160215-00160463 prepared us and you know when you start
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00773-00160464-00160654 looking at what was happening i mean
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00774-00160655-00160854 it's one of the reasons why over here we
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00775-00160855-00160919 had
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00776-00160920-00161175 you know these mass waves of love of
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00777-00161176-00161326 resignations or
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00778-00161327-00161639 in unionized um school jurisdictions you
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00779-00161640-00161878 had folks that had like six months of
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00780-00161879-00162078 sick time built up or leave built up and
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00781-00162079-00162263 they took all six months of it
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00782-00162264-00162383 last you know at the beginning of the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00783-00162384-00162535 year just so they wouldn't have to deal
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00784-00162536-00162631 with this stuff
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00785-00162632-00162775 you know we only had one in five
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00786-00162776-00163007 teachers saying that they were actually
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00787-00163008-00163095 prepared
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00788-00163096-00163351 by their school leaders to be able to
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00789-00163352-00163543 teach in this environment
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00790-00163544-00163743 you know we had these kind of ridiculous
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00791-00163744-00163935 models that were put together where
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00792-00163936-00164214 you know you had a teacher that was
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00793-00164215-00164390 responsible for teaching
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00794-00164391-00164623 one group of students in the classroom
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00795-00164624-00164814 two days a week
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00796-00164815-00165023 that same group of students at home two
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00797-00165024-00165119 days a week
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00798-00165120-00165295 and then you also had the other half of
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00799-00165296-00165487 the class that they flipped
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00800-00165488-00165647 so if you're sort of looking at that
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00801-00165648-00165823 that means i've got to prepare
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00802-00165824-00166078 in class lessons on monday and distance
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00803-00166079-00166207 lessons on monday
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00804-00166208-00166454 in class lessons on tuesday and distance
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00805-00166455-00166647 classes on tuesday
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00806-00166648-00166871 just distance on wednesday and then back
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00807-00166872-00167078 to the both in class and
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00808-00167079-00167287 distance on the following days which
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00809-00167288-00167399 essentially means
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00810-00167400-00167638 i've got to do four days worth of in
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00811-00167639-00167799 class stuff
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00812-00167800-00168014 four day and and basically five days
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00813-00168015-00168159 worth of distance stuff
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00814-00168160-00168390 that means i've got to prepare nine days
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00815-00168391-00168614 worth of activities for my students
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00816-00168615-00168807 in a seven day week well actually in a
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00817-00168808-00168975 five day week according to this
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00818-00168976-00169159 because they assume that teachers are
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00819-00169160-00169351 lazy and don't work on the weekends
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00820-00169352-00169590 you know i mean and instead of actually
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00821-00169591-00169790 looking at it and saying you know okay
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00822-00169791-00169983 like we've got three grade three
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00823-00169984-00170143 teachers
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00824-00170144-00170471 john you do all of the online stuff and
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00825-00170472-00170783 we're gonna get you know tom and jane to
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00826-00170784-00170975 split the two groups that they're doing
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00827-00170976-00171190 in person so that way we can you know
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00828-00171191-00171366 divide this up a little bit
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00829-00171367-00171647 and you know make the work equitable and
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00830-00171648-00171814 that probably would work quite well
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00831-00171815-00171951 because you've got to figure that if
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00832-00171952-00172175 john was a teacher that had
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00833-00172176-00172487 a pre-existing condition or was an older
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00834-00172488-00172759 teacher you know they might relish the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00835-00172760-00172951 opportunity to not be in front of
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00836-00172952-00173014 students
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00837-00173015-00173238 and have that potential you know risk
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00838-00173239-00173407 taken away from them
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00839-00173408-00173590 you know and then we also had you know
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00840-00173591-00173847 the idiotic idea that
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00841-00173848-00174047 you know teachers could do both of it at
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00842-00174048-00174223 the same time and this actually
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00843-00174224-00174399 is the way they did it in canada a great
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00844-00174400-00174663 deal where you had what you refer to as
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00845-00174664-00174966 roomies and zoomies at the same time
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00846-00174967-00175207 so i might have five or six kids or 10
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00847-00175208-00175302 or 12 kids
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00848-00175303-00175583 in my class that i'm teaching and on the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00849-00175584-00175807 classroom computer i'm also zooming
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00850-00175808-00176014 so that i can have another 10 or 12 or
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00851-00176015-00176183 15 kids at home
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00852-00176184-00176383 that are doing this without equipping
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00853-00176384-00176526 the classroom with any additional
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00854-00176527-00176638 technology
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00855-00176639-00176895 so that laptop that i use to project up
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00856-00176896-00177063 onto the screen for the students in the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00857-00177064-00177102 room
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00858-00177103-00177366 that's the same laptop i'm using to
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00859-00177367-00177599 actually stream to the kids at home
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00860-00177600-00177759 which means they can only see me
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00861-00177760-00177983 assuming i stand in front of my computer
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00862-00177984-00178159 and i don't know about you guys but when
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00863-00178160-00178271 i teach i
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00864-00178272-00178519 meander all about the room so that would
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00865-00178520-00178678 have been pretty useless for me
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00866-00178679-00178831 they can't see their fellow students
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00867-00178832-00179014 because it's always pointed towards
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00868-00179015-00179166 the teacher so it's not like you can
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00869-00179167-00179423 interact between those at home and those
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00870-00179424-00179511 in the room
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00871-00179512-00179671 and you know when you've got these kinds
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00872-00179672-00179871 of models as you can see here
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00873-00179872-00180183 it's no wonder that teachers reported to
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00874-00180184-00180495 being burnt out on a regular basis you
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00875-00180496-00180719 know and it wasn't just the teachers so
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00876-00180720-00180975 when you look at the way in which the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00877-00180976-00181054 students were
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00878-00181055-00181263 interacting in this you know i mean we
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00879-00181264-00181390 had
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00880-00181391-00181695 countless examples of kids that
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00881-00181696-00181959 you know were either not able to get
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00882-00181960-00182119 access to the technology
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00883-00182120-00182383 or had to do ludicrous things like you
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00884-00182384-00182502 know walking
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00885-00182503-00182695 to actually in this case if you look at
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00886-00182696-00182926 the cnn story or the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00887-00182927-00183254 kcra story at the bottom um you know
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00888-00183255-00183471 walking an hour to get to school just so
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00889-00183472-00183654 he could lie outside of the building
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00890-00183655-00183902 and get on the computer there or the two
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00891-00183903-00183959 um
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00892-00183960-00184143 you know elementary school kids that are
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00893-00184144-00184390 sitting in the parking lot of a taco
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00894-00184391-00184447 bell
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00895-00184448-00184702 to get on the wi-fi there you know and
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00896-00184703-00184911 that's the students that we could find
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00897-00184912-00185047 you know as you can see from the main
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00898-00185048-00185247 cnn story at the top
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00899-00185248-00185526 um most schools were losing students
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00900-00185527-00185623 left and right
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00901-00185624-00185854 when they went 100 percent remote they
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00902-00185855-00185983 just couldn't get them
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00903-00185984-00186135 um you know in some cases these are
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00904-00186136-00186302 students that were homeless so
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00905-00186303-00186463 in trying terms of trying to get the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00906-00186464-00186711 technology to them uh was difficult
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00907-00186712-00186863 in many cases you know they were
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00908-00186864-00187071 students that were english
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00909-00187072-00187263 language learners so there was already a
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00910-00187264-00187414 barrier set up
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00911-00187415-00187583 to be able to interact between the home
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00912-00187584-00187799 and school anyway um
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00913-00187800-00188063 i know in california here they estimate
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00914-00188064-00188254 that as many as eight percent of the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00915-00188255-00188471 k-12 student population
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00916-00188472-00188623 just weren't enrolled in school this
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00917-00188624-00188831 year you know that's almost one out of
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00918-00188832-00188943 every 10 kids
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00919-00188944-00189199 that you know just were lost for a full
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00920-00189200-00189319 year
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00921-00189320-00189631 um you know and and you know even those
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00922-00189632-00189814 that were able to show up
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00923-00189815-00190102 i mean one of the things that we had and
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00924-00190103-00190278 i encourage you to just to read through
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00925-00190279-00190414 the the comment that
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00926-00190415-00190702 my colleague mary rice who's a faculty
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00927-00190703-00190895 member at the university of new mexico
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00928-00190896-00191183 wrote up there uh accounting you know or
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00929-00191184-00191390 recounting something that she heard
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00930-00191391-00191838 in her daughter's class um you know and
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00931-00191839-00192102 you know while kids are resilient i mean
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00932-00192103-00192366 everyone has their breaking point
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00933-00192367-00192575 and one of the things that we know about
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00934-00192576-00192726 learning is that
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00935-00192727-00192966 a student will do well when they feel
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00936-00192967-00193071 like their
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00937-00193072-00193263 teacher actually cares about them they
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00938-00193264-00193447 actually give a damn about them
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00939-00193448-00193702 right and in these kinds of environments
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00940-00193703-00193854 when you get these kinds of things
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00941-00193855-00193935 happening
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00942-00193936-00194135 um you know it's really difficult to to
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00943-00194136-00194238 convey that
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00944-00194239-00194526 that sense of of caring and trust and
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00945-00194527-00194678 and empathy and and
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00946-00194679-00194847 you know the fact that you actually do
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00947-00194848-00195023 care about whether or not they're having
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00948-00195024-00195119 success
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00949-00195120-00195350 on the other end of that so when you
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00950-00195351-00195454 look at the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00951-00195455-00195607 these things i mean i've kind of color
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00952-00195608-00195790 coded them here to see show you sort of
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00953-00195791-00195943 what i saw happening
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00954-00195944-00196102 you know districts and schools did a
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00955-00196103-00196247 little bit or
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00956-00196248-00196575 you know an average job let's say
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00957-00196576-00196735 on addressing digital equity and
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00958-00196736-00196950 providing professional development
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00959-00196951-00197166 they didn't they did a little bit when
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00960-00197167-00197254 it came to
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00961-00197255-00197414 standardizing their tools and
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00962-00197415-00197607 understanding community realities they
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00963-00197608-00197759 did nothing when it came to providing
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00964-00197760-00197887 early guidance
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00965-00197888-00198119 nothing on curriculum continuity nothing
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00966-00198120-00198302 on reconsidering assessment
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00967-00198303-00198614 in fact here is either they decided that
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00968-00198615-00198799 state assessments or provincial
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00969-00198800-00198887 assessments
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00970-00198888-00199111 would go ahead or they wouldn't go ahead
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00971-00199112-00199278 um and even in places where they would
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00972-00199279-00199359 go ahead
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00973-00199360-00199550 um the federal government has already
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00974-00199551-00199735 come out this year for example and said
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00975-00199736-00199895 that states don't have to have them so
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00976-00199896-00200047 the state decides to have it
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00977-00200048-00200223 any parent can opt out and there's no
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00978-00200224-00200399 actual penalty for doing that
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00979-00200400-00200590 if a parent actually bothers to look at
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00980-00200591-00200702 it you know and
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00981-00200703-00200814 there are other things that are
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00982-00200815-00201031 happening as well because what we've
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00983-00201032-00201263 had in the past years is really a
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00984-00201264-00201478 reliance on technology
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00985-00201479-00201638 for a lot of these things without doing
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00986-00201639-00201799 a lot of checking so this
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00987-00201800-00202038 is a report that came out actually about
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00988-00202039-00202207 a week and a half ago
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00989-00202208-00202471 um that the napc puts it every other
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00990-00202472-00202687 year virtual schools in the u.s
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00991-00202688-00202943 and one of the things we talked about in
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00992-00202944-00203078 it was when you look at
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00993-00203079-00203366 actually what a lot of schools adopted
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00994-00203367-00203414 you know
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00995-00203415-00203838 because they had to do this so quickly
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00996-00203839-00204135 they weren't able to create content so
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00997-00204136-00204326 the easiest thing for them to do is just
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00998-00204327-00204502 go out and purchase
+-ZIAWVSzds8-00999-00204503-00204702 content but when you purchase content
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01000-00204703-00204862 from a vendor you never know what you're
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01001-00204863-00204919 getting
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01002-00204919-00205319 and this acellis company that
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01003-00205319-00205703 you know had vendors or they had
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01004-00205704-00206006 schools in i think it was 39 different
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01005-00206007-00206310 states that they had contracts with and
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01006-00206311-00206503 i mean you can see some of the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01007-00206504-00206766 lessons that you know are examples from
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01008-00206767-00206934 the lessons that they had
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01009-00206935-00207134 that just made it to the media and i
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01010-00207135-00207351 mean this is you know just the selection
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01011-00207352-00207406 of them
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01012-00207407-00207694 and apparently these are ones that were
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01013-00207696-00207742 while
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01014-00207744-00207975 egregious in their you know
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01015-00207976-00208134 illustrations
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01016-00208135-00208471 they are still ones that were not
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01017-00208471-00208790 as bad as some of the other ones in fact
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01018-00208791-00208951 i remember talking with one reporter
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01019-00208952-00209094 from southern california
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01020-00209096-00209262 that said some of the things that one of
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01021-00209263-00209398 the parents showed him
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01022-00209400-00209590 were things that he didn't even feel
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01023-00209591-00209734 comfortable printing
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01024-00209735-00210055 because of how offensive they were
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01025-00210056-00210223 right and i mean you can see you know
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01026-00210223-00210423 these examples here between
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01027-00210423-00210663 you know the the racist and sexist
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01028-00210664-00210879 nature of it it's not just the nature of
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01029-00210880-00211134 the actual content that we've got here
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01030-00211135-00211327 um so there's another couple of reports
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01031-00211328-00211471 that i'd encourage you to look at and
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01032-00211471-00211575 all these are
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01033-00211576-00211719 available on the national education
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01034-00211719-00211951 policy center's website
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01035-00211952-00212294 um but this these two reports actually
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01036-00212296-00212479 look at the issue of privacy
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01037-00212480-00212655 and i have to say you guys do a much
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01038-00212656-00212998 better job uh when it comes to
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01039-00213000-00213263 the the european uh union laws around
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01040-00213264-00213375 student privacy and
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01041-00213376-00213582 privacy in general of just the average
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01042-00213583-00213815 citizen compared to what we have here in
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01043-00213816-00213951 north america
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01044-00213952-00214134 but you know this is just one example
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01045-00214135-00214367 and i i point you in particular i mean
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01046-00214367-00214527 you can sort of skim through all of it
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01047-00214528-00214734 but if you look at the last paragraph
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01048-00214735-00214975 in particular you know near pod retains
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01049-00214976-00215134 content
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01050-00215135-00215487 including student content for as long as
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01051-00215488-00215655 a teacher has an account now
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01052-00215656-00215791 i don't know about you guys but i'm
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01053-00215792-00215951 willing to bet that if you were to go
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01054-00215952-00216110 and search on myspace
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01055-00216111-00216310 i probably still have an active account
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01056-00216311-00216415 on myspace
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01057-00216416-00216710 because like most people when you move
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01058-00216711-00216903 from a tool to a new tool
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01059-00216904-00217039 you don't go back and delete your
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01060-00217040-00217191 account on the other one you just stop
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01061-00217192-00217287 using it
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01062-00217288-00217542 right and i'm sure we all have you know
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01063-00217544-00217758 dozens maybe even hundreds of accounts
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01064-00217759-00217831 out there
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01065-00217832-00218063 that are still active that are still
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01066-00218064-00218134 there
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01067-00218135-00218303 right and in this case you know if it's
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01068-00218304-00218446 a corporate provider
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01069-00218448-00218623 they still have access to these things
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01070-00218623-00218751 and when you look at
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01071-00218752-00219055 who they share it with and what types of
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01072-00219056-00219127 things get
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01073-00219128-00219439 shared you know it becomes really
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01074-00219440-00219679 scary considering that we're making
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01075-00219680-00219782 these decisions
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01076-00219783-00220063 for five and six-year-olds um you know
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01077-00220064-00220110 and
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01078-00220111-00220334 i i point out all of these things not
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01079-00220335-00220503 necessarily because
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01080-00220504-00220806 um you know we can do a lot about in
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01081-00220807-00220846 them
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01082-00220848-00221158 now but the reality is is you know we're
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01083-00221159-00221310 not out of the woods
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01084-00221311-00221663 this time yet you know so if
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01085-00221664-00221855 you're not familiar that's dr anthony
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01086-00221856-00222006 fauci from the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01087-00222007-00222158 national institute of health here in the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01088-00222159-00222342 u.s um you know and
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01089-00222344-00222646 this past fall he said that he expected
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01090-00222648-00222942 it would be easily the end of 2021
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01091-00222944-00223342 maybe even into 2022 before we got back
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01092-00223344-00223671 to some semblance of normality
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01093-00223671-00223967 in canada our chief medical officer uh
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01094-00223967-00224119 chief public medical medical health
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01095-00224119-00224382 officer uh dr theresa tan
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01096-00224383-00224639 i liked her phraseology with this that
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01097-00224640-00224806 canadians should expect to live with the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01098-00224807-00224982 current inconveniences
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01099-00224983-00225151 for the next two or three years and that
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01100-00225152-00225287 was a comment she made
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01101-00225288-00225623 in late july or i think was the 27th or
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01102-00225623-00225703 28th
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01103-00225704-00226039 of july of this year right so not just
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01104-00226040-00226255 this school year but next school year
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01105-00226256-00226471 maybe the school year after that you
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01106-00226471-00226703 know what are those inconveniences
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01107-00226704-00226991 um you know the potential for um you
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01108-00226992-00227158 know just the physical things that we've
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01109-00227159-00227398 got you know masking social distancing
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01110-00227400-00227671 barriers that kind of thing but also the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01111-00227671-00227751 potential
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01112-00227752-00228023 for us to you know have to flip back
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01113-00228023-00228087 because
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01114-00228088-00228239 you know there's a lot we don't know
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01115-00228240-00228471 about this and you know when it comes to
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01116-00228471-00228694 herd immunity i mean
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01117-00228696-00228927 the numbers that have been put out there
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01118-00228928-00229198 anywhere and you can see the w.h.o here
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01119-00229200-00229391 have basically said that you know it's
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01120-00229392-00229671 between 60 and 70 percent vaccinated
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01121-00229671-00229831 plus the folks that have already gotten
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01122-00229832-00230015 it well one of the things we've already
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01123-00230016-00230215 discovered now as many of these variants
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01124-00230216-00230327 that are coming out
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01125-00230328-00230534 are impacting people that have already
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01126-00230535-00230694 gotten it so they really can't be
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01127-00230696-00230782 counted on
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01128-00230783-00231055 for hurt immunity um you know dr fauci
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01129-00231056-00231342 here in the us has said 80 to 90 percent
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01130-00231344-00231734 um maybe as low as 70. teresa tamma said
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01131-00231735-00231798 80
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01132-00231800-00232110 on a regular basis you know but there's
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01133-00232111-00232158 still
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01134-00232159-00232382 a lot that's happening and you know
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01135-00232383-00232551 while most of us when you look at these
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01136-00232552-00232782 variants of concern as an example
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01137-00232783-00233327 know about b117 and b1351351 and p1
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01138-00233328-00233582 you know the uk south african brazilian
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01139-00233583-00233703 variants
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01140-00233704-00233927 to be exact most people wouldn't be able
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01141-00233928-00234015 to tell you what the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01142-00234016-00234423 the b4 of the b1427 or b1429 are
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01143-00234423-00234646 there are two california variants uh one
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01144-00234648-00234910 in san francisco and one in the la area
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01145-00234911-00235127 um you know that have been you know
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01146-00235128-00235303 found to be circulating here
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01147-00235304-00235639 and have been found to be almost as
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01148-00235640-00235942 contagious as what the uk variant is um
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01149-00235944-00236119 you know and so there's a lot that we
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01150-00236119-00236175 don't know
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01151-00236176-00236415 other than the fact that there are waves
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01152-00236416-00236606 and while many places are in their third
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01153-00236607-00236710 wave right now
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01154-00236711-00236831 we don't know if there's going to be a
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01155-00236832-00237023 fourth or fifth wave in fact
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01156-00237023-00237487 if you go back to the spanish flu
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01157-00237488-00237719 these are the three waves that hit with
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01158-00237719-00237823 the spanish flu
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01159-00237823-00237991 does anyone know what happens to the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01160-00237992-00238151 spanish flu come
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01161-00238152-00238791 may of 1919
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01162-00238792-00238958 you can drop it in the chat if you do
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01163-00238959-00239991 i'll wait 10 15 seconds to see
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01164-00239992-00240271 so the spanish flu doesn't disappear in
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01165-00240271-00240463 may of 1919
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01166-00240464-00240727 in fact i'm willing to bet that every
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01167-00240728-00240815 single person
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01168-00240816-00241094 in this room has had the spanish flu at
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01169-00241096-00241255 some point
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01170-00241256-00241551 after the third wave the variant or the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01171-00241552-00241646 mutation
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01172-00241648-00241871 that happened with the spanish flu
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01173-00241871-00242023 essentially became
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01174-00242023-00242294 the common flu the flu that we all get a
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01175-00242296-00242406 vaccine for
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01176-00242407-00242679 every single year and usually there's
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01177-00242680-00242894 three or four or five different variants
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01178-00242896-00243215 in that cocktail of that vaccine so
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01179-00243216-00243551 from 19 from may of 1919
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01180-00243552-00243823 to today the spanish flu has continued
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01181-00243823-00243910 to exist
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01182-00243911-00244087 we just got lucky in the fact that it
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01183-00244088-00244367 mutated to something that was no longer
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01184-00244367-00244639 deadly as it had been in previous
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01185-00244640-00244758 mutations
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01186-00244759-00244934 right is that what's going to happen
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01187-00244935-00245079 with the covet virus
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01188-00245080-00245327 we don't know um one of the things that
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01189-00245328-00245519 you know again the only thing that we do
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01190-00245519-00245582 know
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01191-00245583-00245806 is that you know it's going to be around
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01192-00245807-00245975 with us for a while
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01193-00245976-00246398 and even if it's not
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01194-00246400-00246623 there's another one that's going to come
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01195-00246623-00246823 you know we interact with animals far
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01196-00246823-00247030 more now than we ever did so that
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01197-00247031-00247327 you know human to animal back to human
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01198-00247328-00247367 jump
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01199-00247367-00247623 is going to happen more and more you
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01200-00247623-00247815 know and while we might be able to get
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01201-00247816-00247927 70 or 80
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01202-00247928-00248279 vaccine rates this time around
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01203-00248280-00248534 what happens if the variant that you
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01204-00248535-00248727 know they discovered in new york as an
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01205-00248728-00248903 example from last may
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01206-00248904-00249110 is something that's vaccine resistant or
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01207-00249111-00249263 the brazilian
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01208-00249264-00249487 variant that you know or the one that's
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01209-00249488-00249598 just been discovered in
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01210-00249600-00249887 india is vaccine resistant what happens
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01211-00249888-00250023 if we need a booster
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01212-00250023-00250239 five years from now three years from now
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01213-00250240-00250367 two years from now
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01214-00250367-00250551 what percentage uptake do you think
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01215-00250552-00250742 you're going to get with that
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01216-00250744-00250910 you know i i looked at the european
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01217-00250911-00251079 union numbers earlier
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01218-00251080-00251406 and on average you get about 30 percent
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01219-00251407-00251694 at best of people that actually get the
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01220-00251696-00251919 flu vaccine every year
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01221-00251919-00252071 what if covet is something that we need
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01222-00252071-00252334 to be vaccinated for every other year
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01223-00252335-00252582 every five years every three years um
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01224-00252583-00252734 you know what's the uptake going to be
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01225-00252735-00252942 then and how does that impact things
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01226-00252944-00253230 with hurt immunity so this idea that you
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01227-00253231-00253415 know we need to be able to
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01228-00253416-00253727 understand what we do in each of these
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01229-00253728-00253815 three phases
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01230-00253816-00254055 and be ready for it is something that
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01231-00254056-00254182 needs to be
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01232-00254183-00254415 not just considered but planned for and
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01233-00254416-00254719 when you look at jurisdictions that
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01234-00254719-00255063 did well this time around they didn't do
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01235-00255064-00255103 well
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01236-00255104-00255398 because um you know they were somehow
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01237-00255400-00255487 smarter than us
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01238-00255488-00255734 they did well because something happened
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01239-00255735-00255806 to them
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01240-00255807-00256103 once upon a time in most cases in recent
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01241-00256104-00256191 history
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01242-00256192-00256423 that forced them to get ready for that
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01243-00256423-00256558 you know if you look at several
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01244-00256559-00256742 countries in in asia hong kong and
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01245-00256744-00256823 singapore
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01246-00256823-00257030 uh being too among them bolivia was
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01247-00257031-00257198 another one you know that were
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01248-00257200-00257494 were hit with the the h1n1 outbreaks
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01249-00257496-00257687 that we had about a decade ago
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01250-00257688-00257910 and because of what happened during
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01251-00257911-00258006 those things
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01252-00258007-00258206 um you know they got ready for it this
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01253-00258207-00258310 time um
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01254-00258311-00258487 the earthquakes that happen in new
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01255-00258488-00258694 zealand in christchurch in particular
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01256-00258696-00259046 back in in 2011 you know allowed them to
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01257-00259048-00259151 really think about
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01258-00259152-00259342 what do we do when we've got to close
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01259-00259344-00259527 the entire school system for extended
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01260-00259528-00259663 periods of time
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01261-00259664-00259894 you know and so there are a lot of
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01262-00259896-00259975 things that
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01263-00259976-00260198 you know we need to be ready for and we
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01264-00260200-00260391 need to continue to think about
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01265-00260392-00260646 as we're looking forward and so i know
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01266-00260648-00260798 we got started a couple of minutes late
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01267-00260800-00260863 and i think i
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01268-00260864-00261198 finished right on time um and i don't
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01269-00261200-00261398 know how much time you had set aside for
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01270-00261400-00261567 questions or not
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01271-00261567-00261894 but i'm ready for them there and i'll
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01272-00261896-00262046 just put that up since that's got my
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01273-00262048-00262110 email
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01274-00262111-00262295 so in case you don't get a chance to ask
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01275-00262296-00262503 a question or something comes to you
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01276-00262504-00262639 later in the day
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01277-00262640-00262863 by all means reach out to me and i'll
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01278-00262864-00263151 let you all uh take the uh
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01279-00263152-00263391 moderate the q a here although i've been
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01280-00263392-00263471 watching the chat
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01281-00263472-00263847 i haven't seen anything come through
+-ZIAWVSzds8-01282-00263848-00264168 well thank you very much
+-aD6yAWIULg-00000-00000024-00000199 estimation of nonlinear medias and
+-aD6yAWIULg-00001-00000200-00000463 models can be a bit challenging
+-aD6yAWIULg-00002-00000463-00000671 when we first learn about mediation we
+-aD6yAWIULg-00003-00000672-00000831 learn about the linear case for the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00004-00000832-00001095 linear case we might define mediation as
+-aD6yAWIULg-00005-00001096-00001350 a product of two coefficients from x to
+-aD6yAWIULg-00006-00001351-00001599 m from m to y and we also learned that
+-aD6yAWIULg-00007-00001600-00001847 the full mediation of partial mediation
+-aD6yAWIULg-00008-00001848-00002039 can be differentiated based on this
+-aD6yAWIULg-00009-00002039-00002399 coefficient beta y1 here if it's zero or
+-aD6yAWIULg-00010-00002400-00002567 non-significant
+-aD6yAWIULg-00011-00002568-00002783 then we have full mediation if it's
+-aD6yAWIULg-00012-00002784-00002975 non-zero and significant then we have
+-aD6yAWIULg-00013-00002976-00003215 parcel mediation in another video i
+-aD6yAWIULg-00014-00003215-00003367 talked about the problems of this
+-aD6yAWIULg-00015-00003368-00003663 approach the first problem was that this
+-aD6yAWIULg-00016-00003664-00003879 is not applicable to all non-linear
+-aD6yAWIULg-00017-00003879-00004143 models it works for for some non-linear
+-aD6yAWIULg-00018-00004144-00004438 models but not most non-linear marks
+-aD6yAWIULg-00019-00004439-00004654 there's also a problem of causal
+-aD6yAWIULg-00020-00004655-00005054 hydrogenating so if the effect of x to n
+-aD6yAWIULg-00021-00005055-00005279 is not the same for everybody but it
+-aD6yAWIULg-00022-00005280-00005518 varies between individuals and if the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00023-00005519-00005743 effect of mty is not the same for
+-aD6yAWIULg-00024-00005744-00005934 everybody but it varies between
+-aD6yAWIULg-00025-00005935-00006238 individuals then uh this model
+-aD6yAWIULg-00026-00006239-00006454 of of product of coefficient approach
+-aD6yAWIULg-00027-00006455-00006719 assumes that the variation of beta m1 is
+-aD6yAWIULg-00028-00006720-00006967 uncorrelated with verification beta y2
+-aD6yAWIULg-00029-00006968-00007327 and i also talked about how we can't use
+-aD6yAWIULg-00030-00007328-00007567 any statistical model as a definition of
+-aD6yAWIULg-00031-00007568-00007774 mediation because mediation is a causal
+-aD6yAWIULg-00032-00007775-00008023 concept and not tied to any particular
+-aD6yAWIULg-00033-00008023-00008110 matter
+-aD6yAWIULg-00034-00008111-00008214 now let's
+-aD6yAWIULg-00035-00008215-00008446 start looking at how do we estimate
+-aD6yAWIULg-00036-00008447-00008646 non-linear medias and models
+-aD6yAWIULg-00037-00008647-00008863 but before we talk about non-linear
+-aD6yAWIULg-00038-00008864-00009167 media some models it's good to remind
+-aD6yAWIULg-00039-00009168-00009439 that for linear models
+-aD6yAWIULg-00040-00009440-00009663 the the baron kenny or product of code
+-aD6yAWIULg-00041-00009664-00009935 business approach is still valid so uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00042-00009936-00010223 this article by email co-authors which
+-aD6yAWIULg-00043-00010224-00010406 is probably one of the most cited
+-aD6yAWIULg-00044-00010407-00010551 sources or non-estimating
+-aD6yAWIULg-00045-00010552-00010823 non-intermediate models still recommends
+-aD6yAWIULg-00046-00010824-00010999 the product of cover efficiencies if
+-aD6yAWIULg-00047-00011000-00011255 your model is linear of course how we
+-aD6yAWIULg-00048-00011256-00011463 take assumptions and how we actually go
+-aD6yAWIULg-00049-00011464-00011678 about estimating these models has
+-aD6yAWIULg-00050-00011679-00011967 evolved since 1986 when baron kenny was
+-aD6yAWIULg-00051-00011968-00012238 published but the basic idea that you
+-aD6yAWIULg-00052-00012239-00012446 multiply two paths together is still the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00053-00012447-00012535 same
+-aD6yAWIULg-00054-00012536-00012703 but it doesn't work for all normal
+-aD6yAWIULg-00055-00012704-00012822 landmarks
+-aD6yAWIULg-00056-00012823-00013022 let's take a look at how non-linear
+-aD6yAWIULg-00057-00013023-00013238 amelia is underestimated
+-aD6yAWIULg-00058-00013240-00013438 we need to understand first uh the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00059-00013440-00013766 contractual model based definition of
+-aD6yAWIULg-00060-00013768-00014038 mediation effects so emi
+-aD6yAWIULg-00061-00014040-00014351 defines mediation as difference between
+-aD6yAWIULg-00062-00014352-00014494 two outcomes
+-aD6yAWIULg-00063-00014495-00014743 only or one of which is observed so this
+-aD6yAWIULg-00064-00014744-00014958 is the outcome of uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00065-00014959-00015175 of an individual which is either treated
+-aD6yAWIULg-00066-00015176-00015447 or not and the mediation is
+-aD6yAWIULg-00067-00015447-00015830 assumed as or mediation is
+-aD6yAWIULg-00068-00015831-00016015 either observed
+-aD6yAWIULg-00069-00016016-00016247 as after mediation
+-aD6yAWIULg-00070-00016247-00016486 or it is a counterfactual outcome and we
+-aD6yAWIULg-00071-00016487-00016727 compared against the outcome where that
+-aD6yAWIULg-00072-00016728-00016886 individual is
+-aD6yAWIULg-00073-00016887-00017071 has not received uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00074-00017072-00017286 or the mediation media is not affected
+-aD6yAWIULg-00075-00017287-00017447 by the treatment that can be either
+-aD6yAWIULg-00076-00017448-00017703 observed or counterfactual depending on
+-aD6yAWIULg-00077-00017704-00017855 what we actually observe
+-aD6yAWIULg-00078-00017856-00018030 so the general estimation principle is
+-aD6yAWIULg-00079-00018031-00018230 that we we are we record observed
+-aD6yAWIULg-00080-00018231-00018343 outcomes
+-aD6yAWIULg-00081-00018344-00018527 we estimate counterfacts over each
+-aD6yAWIULg-00082-00018528-00018758 individual so for for the cases that are
+-aD6yAWIULg-00083-00018759-00018950 treated we observe the case under
+-aD6yAWIULg-00084-00018951-00019175 treatment and the mediator
+-aD6yAWIULg-00085-00019176-00019503 under treatment we are predict or we
+-aD6yAWIULg-00086-00019504-00019671 somehow estimate a counterfactual for
+-aD6yAWIULg-00087-00019672-00019927 that individual where that individual
+-aD6yAWIULg-00088-00019928-00020207 was treated but the mediator was
+-aD6yAWIULg-00089-00020208-00020439 observed as if not treated we do the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00090-00020440-00020663 same for the untreated cases
+-aD6yAWIULg-00091-00020664-00020903 for those cases we observed the case as
+-aD6yAWIULg-00092-00020904-00021183 untreated and mediator under the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00093-00021184-00021430 untreated condition and we estimate
+-aD6yAWIULg-00094-00021431-00021711 somehow what the media would be in the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00095-00021712-00021958 treatment condition for that person
+-aD6yAWIULg-00096-00021959-00022127 so we estimate counterfactual for each
+-aD6yAWIULg-00097-00022128-00022247 individual
+-aD6yAWIULg-00098-00022248-00022471 then we estimate the individual of a
+-aD6yAWIULg-00099-00022472-00022735 causal effect as the difference between
+-aD6yAWIULg-00100-00022736-00022967 these outcomes and then we take the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00101-00022968-00023135 average of these individual causal
+-aD6yAWIULg-00102-00023136-00023375 effects and that gives us the average
+-aD6yAWIULg-00103-00023376-00023575 causal media to detect
+-aD6yAWIULg-00104-00023576-00023814 now there is there are still the little
+-aD6yAWIULg-00105-00023815-00024150 complexity on how we choose the counter
+-aD6yAWIULg-00106-00024151-00024439 factor so one way is to hold the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00107-00024440-00024678 treatment as it is and simply by the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00108-00024679-00024942 mediation but this article by newang
+-aD6yAWIULg-00109-00024943-00025247 talks about also different options so
+-aD6yAWIULg-00110-00025248-00025350 which
+-aD6yAWIULg-00111-00025351-00025535 or do we estimate
+-aD6yAWIULg-00112-00025536-00025655 and um
+-aD6yAWIULg-00113-00025656-00025839 so we observe two outcomes we observe
+-aD6yAWIULg-00114-00025839-00026055 either individuals under the treatment
+-aD6yAWIULg-00115-00026056-00026270 and the mediator is
+-aD6yAWIULg-00116-00026272-00026487 measured under treatment for those and
+-aD6yAWIULg-00117-00026488-00026662 then we observe individuals who are in
+-aD6yAWIULg-00118-00026663-00026870 the control and then a mediator is
+-aD6yAWIULg-00119-00026872-00027023 observed for
+-aD6yAWIULg-00120-00027024-00027183 the control condition for those
+-aD6yAWIULg-00121-00027183-00027367 individuals and
+-aD6yAWIULg-00122-00027368-00027662 in immigrant approach we generate these
+-aD6yAWIULg-00123-00027663-00027807 counterfactuals so we generate
+-aD6yAWIULg-00124-00027808-00028143 counterfactual by keeping the treatment
+-aD6yAWIULg-00125-00028144-00028439 where it is either one or zero and uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00126-00028439-00028687 flipping the mediator so uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00127-00028688-00028951 we have this t one
+-aD6yAWIULg-00128-00028952-00029127 neither zero means that individual
+-aD6yAWIULg-00129-00029127-00029399 receives the treatment and we predict
+-aD6yAWIULg-00130-00029400-00029583 what the moderator would be for that
+-aD6yAWIULg-00131-00029583-00029823 individual if that individual was not
+-aD6yAWIULg-00132-00029824-00030055 treated for this individual under
+-aD6yAWIULg-00133-00030056-00030295 control we predict what the moderator
+-aD6yAWIULg-00134-00030295-00030511 would be had that individual being
+-aD6yAWIULg-00135-00030512-00030711 treated so this is one way but this is
+-aD6yAWIULg-00136-00030712-00031039 not the only way and another way that
+-aD6yAWIULg-00137-00031039-00031295 nueng talks about which is also uh at
+-aD6yAWIULg-00138-00031295-00031583 least according to them fairly common
+-aD6yAWIULg-00139-00031583-00031879 is to assume first uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00140-00031880-00032118 generate the counterfactual by
+-aD6yAWIULg-00141-00032119-00032414 assigning these two treatments so uh the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00142-00032416-00032590 first counterfactual for the treated
+-aD6yAWIULg-00143-00032591-00032790 case would be generated the same way but
+-aD6yAWIULg-00144-00032791-00032990 for this untreated case we would
+-aD6yAWIULg-00145-00032991-00033374 generate the country factor not by
+-aD6yAWIULg-00146-00033375-00033655 by changing the moderator or mediator
+-aD6yAWIULg-00147-00033656-00034007 but by changing the treatment
+-aD6yAWIULg-00148-00034008-00034231 and we can do of course the opposite so
+-aD6yAWIULg-00149-00034232-00034374 that we are
+-aD6yAWIULg-00150-00034375-00034702 change the mediator and and adjust the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00151-00034703-00034887 treatment so that all cases are
+-aD6yAWIULg-00152-00034888-00035087 untreated but all cases observe the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00153-00035088-00035367 mediator i would say that this the first
+-aD6yAWIULg-00154-00035368-00035559 one is probably uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00155-00035560-00035759 the safest choice because it's kind of
+-aD6yAWIULg-00156-00035760-00036039 middle ground it's also easiest to
+-aD6yAWIULg-00157-00036040-00036255 implement in your statistical software
+-aD6yAWIULg-00158-00036256-00036487 but if you do this kind of analysis
+-aD6yAWIULg-00159-00036488-00036702 doing newspaper that talks about this
+-aD6yAWIULg-00160-00036703-00037030 decision is worth checking out as is my
+-aD6yAWIULg-00161-00037031-00037335 explanation on how to uh how to choose
+-aD6yAWIULg-00162-00037336-00037487 between these approaches in another
+-aD6yAWIULg-00163-00037488-00037630 video
+-aD6yAWIULg-00164-00037631-00037830 so let's take a look at what is the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00165-00037831-00038030 general estimation principle for for
+-aD6yAWIULg-00166-00038031-00038167 this
+-aD6yAWIULg-00167-00038168-00038407 so uh there are there are estimation
+-aD6yAWIULg-00168-00038408-00038615 strategies there are two
+-aD6yAWIULg-00169-00038616-00038790 main ways there are more but these are
+-aD6yAWIULg-00170-00038791-00038959 the two main ways of estimating this
+-aD6yAWIULg-00171-00038960-00039095 non-linear
+-aD6yAWIULg-00172-00039096-00039383 medias and effects are
+-aD6yAWIULg-00173-00039384-00039718 article 2010 presents one article one
+-aD6yAWIULg-00174-00039719-00039911 approach this is called the simulation
+-aD6yAWIULg-00175-00039912-00040215 based approach so they they do um
+-aD6yAWIULg-00176-00040216-00040527 fit models for outcome and mediator then
+-aD6yAWIULg-00177-00040528-00040871 they simulate multiple replications of
+-aD6yAWIULg-00178-00040872-00041118 of parameters then apply this kind of
+-aD6yAWIULg-00179-00041119-00041351 formula and then calculate an average
+-aD6yAWIULg-00180-00041352-00041583 that gives you a causal effect
+-aD6yAWIULg-00181-00041584-00041943 importantly this does not uh depend on
+-aD6yAWIULg-00182-00041944-00042183 on the functional form of any of these
+-aD6yAWIULg-00183-00042184-00042358 relationships
+-aD6yAWIULg-00184-00042359-00042583 then wonderville talks about another
+-aD6yAWIULg-00185-00042584-00042862 approach where you have a
+-aD6yAWIULg-00186-00042863-00043055 recursive model this is called
+-aD6yAWIULg-00187-00043056-00043279 regression-based approach so you
+-aD6yAWIULg-00188-00043280-00043511 estimate two models and then you apply
+-aD6yAWIULg-00189-00043512-00043687 this kind of equation for example for
+-aD6yAWIULg-00190-00043688-00043958 binary mediators and that gives you uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00191-00043959-00044207 the natural indirect or the the causal
+-aD6yAWIULg-00192-00044208-00044407 mediation effect let's take a look at
+-aD6yAWIULg-00193-00044408-00044518 these
+-aD6yAWIULg-00194-00044519-00044999 two approaches they both start with
+-aD6yAWIULg-00195-00045000-00045262 estimating a model or estimating two
+-aD6yAWIULg-00196-00045263-00045430 models so if we have
+-aD6yAWIULg-00197-00045431-00045662 this is the baron kenny approach
+-aD6yAWIULg-00198-00045663-00045815 and we estimate two models so we
+-aD6yAWIULg-00199-00045816-00045958 estimate the model for mediator we
+-aD6yAWIULg-00200-00045959-00046127 estimate model for the outcome they can
+-aD6yAWIULg-00201-00046128-00046302 be any model
+-aD6yAWIULg-00202-00046303-00046655 and model for m model for y and then
+-aD6yAWIULg-00203-00046656-00046871 these approaches differ in how we
+-aD6yAWIULg-00204-00046872-00047151 calculate the mediation effect so we
+-aD6yAWIULg-00205-00047152-00047430 have two models one for m1 for y they
+-aD6yAWIULg-00206-00047431-00047671 can be non-linear and then we have the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00207-00047672-00047871 problem of how do we calculate the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00208-00047872-00048111 mediation effect
+-aD6yAWIULg-00209-00048112-00048286 i'll take a look at the recursion-based
+-aD6yAWIULg-00210-00048287-00048615 approach first because uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00211-00048616-00048830 it's a bit easier to implement in your
+-aD6yAWIULg-00212-00048831-00049046 statistical software both of these
+-aD6yAWIULg-00213-00049047-00049279 approaches and simulation-based approach
+-aD6yAWIULg-00214-00049280-00049446 and the mediation and the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00215-00049447-00049695 recursion-based approach are implemented
+-aD6yAWIULg-00216-00049696-00049927 in packages so you don't you can apply
+-aD6yAWIULg-00217-00049928-00050118 these without really understanding the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00218-00050119-00050383 estimated principle or the math or how
+-aD6yAWIULg-00219-00050384-00050655 it's programmed but understanding the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00220-00050656-00050846 the principle and the math and how it's
+-aD6yAWIULg-00221-00050847-00051071 programmed will make you a better user
+-aD6yAWIULg-00222-00051072-00051254 of these techniques so let's start with
+-aD6yAWIULg-00223-00051255-00051390 the rigors and approach because it's a
+-aD6yAWIULg-00224-00051391-00051575 bit easier to implement
+-aD6yAWIULg-00225-00051576-00051758 and this is from van der veal's book
+-aD6yAWIULg-00226-00051759-00052087 which is a really great resource for the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00227-00052088-00052390 regression based approach he talks about
+-aD6yAWIULg-00228-00052391-00052550 different
+-aD6yAWIULg-00229-00052551-00052815 combinations of mediator and outcome and
+-aD6yAWIULg-00230-00052816-00053103 then he goes and proves uh how how they
+-aD6yAWIULg-00231-00053104-00053215 are
+-aD6yAWIULg-00232-00053216-00053359 they are modeled using recursion
+-aD6yAWIULg-00233-00053360-00053438 analysis
+-aD6yAWIULg-00234-00053439-00053542 and uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00235-00053544-00053742 to to understand what's the meaning of
+-aD6yAWIULg-00236-00053744-00053982 all this stuff we need to uh define a
+-aD6yAWIULg-00237-00053983-00054150 couple of things so we need to define
+-aD6yAWIULg-00238-00054151-00054399 first what a star and a is
+-aD6yAWIULg-00239-00054400-00054719 and a star is the baseline so if we have
+-aD6yAWIULg-00240-00054720-00054975 a a treatment
+-aD6yAWIULg-00241-00054976-00055182 control kind of scenario then uh the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00242-00055183-00055375 baseline's the control a is the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00243-00055376-00055526 treatment
+-aD6yAWIULg-00244-00055527-00055735 and uh then we need to understand this
+-aD6yAWIULg-00245-00055736-00055919 is the mediation and we need to
+-aD6yAWIULg-00246-00055920-00056142 understand what's what's this thing here
+-aD6yAWIULg-00247-00056144-00056342 and what's this thing here and and
+-aD6yAWIULg-00248-00056344-00056719 what's this multiplier here and uh well
+-aD6yAWIULg-00249-00056720-00056935 this is just the probability of m under
+-aD6yAWIULg-00250-00056936-00057135 the treatment so this is uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00251-00057136-00057391 the probability of a positive outcome
+-aD6yAWIULg-00252-00057391-00057630 calculated from logistic recursion
+-aD6yAWIULg-00253-00057632-00057823 analysis so you might not recognize that
+-aD6yAWIULg-00254-00057824-00058023 this is actually there are the the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00255-00058024-00058199 inverse logic that you use in the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00256-00058200-00058430 logistic regression but that's that's
+-aD6yAWIULg-00257-00058432-00058550 what it is
+-aD6yAWIULg-00258-00058551-00058791 and then we have the probability of m in
+-aD6yAWIULg-00259-00058791-00058982 baseline so we compare the differences
+-aD6yAWIULg-00260-00058983-00059119 in probabilities
+-aD6yAWIULg-00261-00059120-00059271 so um
+-aD6yAWIULg-00262-00059272-00059487 we don't actually use the observed m at
+-aD6yAWIULg-00263-00059488-00059847 all but instead we calculate or we
+-aD6yAWIULg-00264-00059848-00060094 predict what is the probability of m for
+-aD6yAWIULg-00265-00060095-00060303 an individual under treatment what is
+-aD6yAWIULg-00266-00060304-00060535 the probability of m of that individual
+-aD6yAWIULg-00267-00060536-00060871 under control so we do these adjusted
+-aD6yAWIULg-00268-00060872-00061135 predictions we calculate two predictions
+-aD6yAWIULg-00269-00061136-00061287 for each individual one under the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00270-00061288-00061599 treatment one under the control and then
+-aD6yAWIULg-00271-00061600-00061847 we simply uh multiply
+-aD6yAWIULg-00272-00061848-00062071 that with the effect of m because this
+-aD6yAWIULg-00273-00062072-00062423 is a linear model for the outcome
+-aD6yAWIULg-00274-00062424-00062599 and uh this
+-aD6yAWIULg-00275-00062600-00062775 theta three a
+-aD6yAWIULg-00276-00062776-00062975 is we can ignore it for now it's simply
+-aD6yAWIULg-00277-00062976-00063126 because uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00278-00063127-00063254 wonderville
+-aD6yAWIULg-00279-00063255-00063575 considers the case where the mediator
+-aD6yAWIULg-00280-00063576-00063679 m
+-aD6yAWIULg-00281-00063679-00063911 and the the x variable treatment
+-aD6yAWIULg-00282-00063912-00064126 variable are allowed to interact so so
+-aD6yAWIULg-00283-00064127-00064375 this is why there's a second term here
+-aD6yAWIULg-00284-00064376-00064550 so how do you uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00285-00064551-00064782 then do this in practice so how do you
+-aD6yAWIULg-00286-00064783-00065006 move from these equations to statistical
+-aD6yAWIULg-00287-00065007-00065382 software i'll show examples using stata
+-aD6yAWIULg-00288-00065383-00065750 and my examples use linear models
+-aD6yAWIULg-00289-00065751-00066006 the reason why i'm using uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00290-00066007-00066335 linear models here is that uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00291-00066336-00066559 when i use this in a class i give
+-aD6yAWIULg-00292-00066560-00066719 students assignments i don't want to
+-aD6yAWIULg-00293-00066720-00066919 give them the model assignment model
+-aD6yAWIULg-00294-00066920-00067182 answer but you will just replace these
+-aD6yAWIULg-00295-00067183-00067471 equations or these are commands with
+-aD6yAWIULg-00296-00067472-00067679 logistic regression and predictions from
+-aD6yAWIULg-00297-00067680-00067759 that
+-aD6yAWIULg-00298-00067760-00068047 to to calculate using nonlinear models
+-aD6yAWIULg-00299-00068048-00068182 and the linear model is easier to
+-aD6yAWIULg-00300-00068183-00068406 understand and check so uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00301-00068407-00068591 we we generate some data so we have a
+-aD6yAWIULg-00302-00068592-00068806 full media some model t is the treatment
+-aD6yAWIULg-00303-00068807-00069031 and misdemeanor y is the outcome we have
+-aD6yAWIULg-00304-00069032-00069271 thousand observations from
+-aD6yAWIULg-00305-00069272-00069503 this hypothetical population
+-aD6yAWIULg-00306-00069504-00069838 and we start by regressing m on t so
+-aD6yAWIULg-00307-00069839-00070038 that's the model for m
+-aD6yAWIULg-00308-00070039-00070343 then we are we generate
+-aD6yAWIULg-00309-00070344-00070575 observations uh we we store what's the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00310-00070576-00070759 original value of t we store what's the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00311-00070760-00070919 original value of m
+-aD6yAWIULg-00312-00070920-00071182 and then we generate uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00313-00071183-00071311 mt0
+-aD6yAWIULg-00314-00071312-00071535 what would be the value or we predict
+-aD6yAWIULg-00315-00071536-00071743 mt0 what would be the value of the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00316-00071744-00072159 mediator for every case if they were not
+-aD6yAWIULg-00317-00072160-00072438 treated then we generate the other
+-aD6yAWIULg-00318-00072439-00072703 outcome which is uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00319-00072704-00072887 on the treatment so this is another
+-aD6yAWIULg-00320-00072888-00073038 adjusted prediction we adjust that we
+-aD6yAWIULg-00321-00073039-00073182 want to be under the treatment we
+-aD6yAWIULg-00322-00073183-00073367 calculate prediction and then average of
+-aD6yAWIULg-00323-00073368-00073526 those would be the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00324-00073527-00073750 average marginal prediction of under
+-aD6yAWIULg-00325-00073751-00073862 treatment
+-aD6yAWIULg-00326-00073863-00073982 and uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00327-00073983-00074271 then uh we estimate the molar for why
+-aD6yAWIULg-00328-00074272-00074559 and we do two predictions predictions
+-aD6yAWIULg-00329-00074560-00074943 for using y so we replace first
+-aD6yAWIULg-00330-00074944-00075015 m
+-aD6yAWIULg-00331-00075016-00075311 using uh the m t 0
+-aD6yAWIULg-00332-00075312-00075623 m outcome we calculate
+-aD6yAWIULg-00333-00075624-00076031 predictions for y then we calculate uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00334-00076032-00076319 another adjusted prediction using m
+-aD6yAWIULg-00335-00076320-00076519 under the treatment condition we
+-aD6yAWIULg-00336-00076520-00076750 calculate and other predictions for y
+-aD6yAWIULg-00337-00076751-00076982 and then the difference between these is
+-aD6yAWIULg-00338-00076983-00077135 the comparisons
+-aD6yAWIULg-00339-00077136-00077279 between our
+-aD6yAWIULg-00340-00077280-00077535 y t m t one
+-aD6yAWIULg-00341-00077536-00077871 y t m d zero which is emi's definition
+-aD6yAWIULg-00342-00077872-00077943 of
+-aD6yAWIULg-00343-00077944-00078135 causal mediation effect but of course it
+-aD6yAWIULg-00344-00078136-00078335 can be defined in different ways as well
+-aD6yAWIULg-00345-00078336-00078423 so
+-aD6yAWIULg-00346-00078424-00078615 this is simple way using simply
+-aD6yAWIULg-00347-00078616-00078919 regression prediction and you can
+-aD6yAWIULg-00348-00078920-00079223 replace this um
+-aD6yAWIULg-00349-00079224-00079726 regress command with some non-linear
+-aD6yAWIULg-00350-00079727-00079967 function it does not need billionaire it
+-aD6yAWIULg-00351-00079968-00080111 works the same way
+-aD6yAWIULg-00352-00080112-00080255 now there is the problem of how do we
+-aD6yAWIULg-00353-00080256-00080487 get the standard errors so so this the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00354-00080488-00080703 standard error between these
+-aD6yAWIULg-00355-00080704-00080855 two differences
+-aD6yAWIULg-00356-00080856-00081279 is uh is not valid from summary because
+-aD6yAWIULg-00357-00081280-00081535 they are they are predicted instead of
+-aD6yAWIULg-00358-00081536-00081767 observed so some gives you the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00359-00081768-00081926 differences
+-aD6yAWIULg-00360-00081927-00082159 but assuming that they're observed
+-aD6yAWIULg-00361-00082160-00082318 there are three main ways of getting
+-aD6yAWIULg-00362-00082319-00082559 into standards the first one is delta
+-aD6yAWIULg-00363-00082560-00082894 method this is a a large sample
+-aD6yAWIULg-00364-00082895-00083094 analytical approximation so it's
+-aD6yAWIULg-00365-00083095-00083350 basically an equation that you apply to
+-aD6yAWIULg-00366-00083351-00083631 the data and it gives you a result
+-aD6yAWIULg-00367-00083632-00083838 it gives you an approximation of
+-aD6yAWIULg-00368-00083839-00084082 standard errors that works well in large
+-aD6yAWIULg-00369-00084083-00084375 samples then another approach is
+-aD6yAWIULg-00370-00084376-00084550 simulation i will not talk about
+-aD6yAWIULg-00371-00084551-00084718 simulation in detail
+-aD6yAWIULg-00372-00084719-00085062 but the basic idea is that instead of
+-aD6yAWIULg-00373-00085063-00085271 calculating uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00374-00085272-00085494 these from from uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00375-00085495-00085582 and
+-aD6yAWIULg-00376-00085583-00085831 this one these models just once
+-aD6yAWIULg-00377-00085832-00086103 you you are simulate
+-aD6yAWIULg-00378-00086104-00086367 multiple sets of parameters from their
+-aD6yAWIULg-00379-00086368-00086599 their sampling distribution of the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00380-00086600-00086871 estimated variance covariance matrix
+-aD6yAWIULg-00381-00086872-00087087 of that model and then then you do the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00382-00087088-00087255 calculation based on that i'll talk more
+-aD6yAWIULg-00383-00087256-00087447 about that in another video and then
+-aD6yAWIULg-00384-00087448-00087606 there's bootstrapping and i'll talk more
+-aD6yAWIULg-00385-00087607-00087847 about that bootstrapping approach in
+-aD6yAWIULg-00386-00087848-00088103 another video too
+-aD6yAWIULg-00387-00088104-00088279 how do we do it in practice so this is
+-aD6yAWIULg-00388-00088280-00088535 data implementation that gives you the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00389-00088536-00088806 delta method standard errors so we will
+-aD6yAWIULg-00390-00088807-00089031 be using margins here
+-aD6yAWIULg-00391-00089032-00089318 and margins implements delta method
+-aD6yAWIULg-00392-00089319-00089543 which is nice because it's fast to
+-aD6yAWIULg-00393-00089544-00089687 calculate
+-aD6yAWIULg-00394-00089688-00089975 but it might not be the best in in very
+-aD6yAWIULg-00395-00089976-00090118 small samples
+-aD6yAWIULg-00396-00090119-00090350 some important things that we do here
+-aD6yAWIULg-00397-00090351-00090599 first the average direct effect
+-aD6yAWIULg-00398-00090600-00090879 is calculated simply by adjusting t so
+-aD6yAWIULg-00399-00090880-00091055 it's just the prediction of t at zero
+-aD6yAWIULg-00400-00091056-00091359 and one because we are predicting at
+-aD6yAWIULg-00401-00091360-00091599 holding m at the observed value so so
+-aD6yAWIULg-00402-00091600-00091847 what is the value of t assuming m does
+-aD6yAWIULg-00403-00091848-00092055 not change that is the average average
+-aD6yAWIULg-00404-00092056-00092431 direct effect or natural direct effect
+-aD6yAWIULg-00405-00092432-00092623 calculating the media as an effect is a
+-aD6yAWIULg-00406-00092624-00092847 bit more complicated so uh we need to
+-aD6yAWIULg-00407-00092848-00092982 first
+-aD6yAWIULg-00408-00092983-00093191 make a system out of these two equations
+-aD6yAWIULg-00409-00093192-00093431 using swast and the reason why we need
+-aD6yAWIULg-00410-00093432-00093655 to make them uh form a system out of
+-aD6yAWIULg-00411-00093656-00093974 three equations is that we need to use
+-aD6yAWIULg-00412-00093975-00094191 two different sets of coefficients in
+-aD6yAWIULg-00413-00094192-00094311 margins
+-aD6yAWIULg-00414-00094312-00094567 and and this is the way to do it
+-aD6yAWIULg-00415-00094568-00094815 margins needs to treat these these are
+-aD6yAWIULg-00416-00094816-00095094 estimates as f as estimates so if we
+-aD6yAWIULg-00417-00095095-00095318 store the estimates in a matrix
+-aD6yAWIULg-00418-00095319-00095606 then matr then margins would not know
+-aD6yAWIULg-00419-00095607-00095911 that there are estimates but it would be
+-aD6yAWIULg-00420-00095912-00096206 it would treat them as fixed values so
+-aD6yAWIULg-00421-00096207-00096526 taking the the coefficients of of this
+-aD6yAWIULg-00422-00096527-00096726 regression here and put it in the matrix
+-aD6yAWIULg-00423-00096727-00096935 taking this coefficients here putting it
+-aD6yAWIULg-00424-00096936-00097159 into the matrix and then using the other
+-aD6yAWIULg-00425-00097160-00097343 matrices here in margins instead of the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00426-00097344-00097494 estimates the bs
+-aD6yAWIULg-00427-00097495-00097767 would produce incorrect results because
+-aD6yAWIULg-00428-00097768-00097967 they would not be considered in the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00429-00097968-00098174 standard error calculus
+-aD6yAWIULg-00430-00098175-00098438 then this coefficient option here in in
+-aD6yAWIULg-00431-00098439-00098615 in the swiss command gives you the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00432-00098616-00098959 technical names of the coefficients
+-aD6yAWIULg-00433-00098960-00099223 which you need for for writing the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00434-00099224-00099447 margins command so for example my
+-aD6yAWIULg-00435-00099448-00099655 underscore mean uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00436-00099656-00099774 column d
+-aD6yAWIULg-00437-00099775-00100006 t is something that uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00438-00100007-00100223 the uh the coefficient will tell you to
+-aD6yAWIULg-00439-00100224-00100326 use
+-aD6yAWIULg-00440-00100327-00100511 so so what is the what is the meaning of
+-aD6yAWIULg-00441-00100512-00100718 these margins how do how do how does one
+-aD6yAWIULg-00442-00100719-00100847 come up with this kind of margins
+-aD6yAWIULg-00443-00100848-00101143 command well uh we need to have a custom
+-aD6yAWIULg-00444-00101144-00101359 prediction equation here so we use the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00445-00101360-00101567 expression command
+-aD6yAWIULg-00446-00101568-00101671 and
+-aD6yAWIULg-00447-00101672-00101918 we are simply writing this regression
+-aD6yAWIULg-00448-00101919-00102087 equation here so we are we are
+-aD6yAWIULg-00449-00102088-00102415 predicting uh we have the intercept then
+-aD6yAWIULg-00450-00102416-00102590 we have uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00451-00102591-00102934 there are prediction using observed and
+-aD6yAWIULg-00452-00102935-00103094 not digested t
+-aD6yAWIULg-00453-00103095-00103423 so we are calculating adjusted
+-aD6yAWIULg-00454-00103424-00103647 predictions by adjusting the t
+-aD6yAWIULg-00455-00103648-00103894 but in the actual predictions we are
+-aD6yAWIULg-00456-00103895-00104199 holding t constant at observed value and
+-aD6yAWIULg-00457-00104200-00104623 we are adjusting the m based on the t so
+-aD6yAWIULg-00458-00104624-00104990 adjusting t changes m which says is y
+-aD6yAWIULg-00459-00104991-00105231 but it does not have a direct effect so
+-aD6yAWIULg-00460-00105232-00105366 we need to uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00461-00105367-00105583 you predict using the option t instead
+-aD6yAWIULg-00462-00105583-00105807 of the adjusted t
+-aD6yAWIULg-00463-00105808-00106143 then we predict m using adjusted t
+-aD6yAWIULg-00464-00106144-00106399 and we just uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00465-00106400-00106695 multiply then uh this this prediction of
+-aD6yAWIULg-00466-00106696-00107039 of m using uh the coefficient of n and
+-aD6yAWIULg-00467-00107040-00107302 that gives us their
+-aD6yAWIULg-00468-00107303-00107639 average causal mediation effect
+-aD6yAWIULg-00469-00107640-00107871 so it's not that complicated to do with
+-aD6yAWIULg-00470-00107872-00108166 status margins
+-aD6yAWIULg-00471-00108167-00108415 if your model is very complex like you
+-aD6yAWIULg-00472-00108416-00108654 have lots of covariance then typing this
+-aD6yAWIULg-00473-00108655-00108895 equation by hand can be a bit tedious so
+-aD6yAWIULg-00474-00108896-00109086 there's another approach that you can
+-aD6yAWIULg-00475-00109088-00109199 apply
+-aD6yAWIULg-00476-00109200-00109375 and uh here is a different way of
+-aD6yAWIULg-00477-00109376-00109599 specifying the same thing with margins
+-aD6yAWIULg-00478-00109600-00109815 so if you have let's say 10 covariates
+-aD6yAWIULg-00479-00109816-00110086 in the equation typing the coefficients
+-aD6yAWIULg-00480-00110088-00110383 of those covariates times the name of
+-aD6yAWIULg-00481-00110383-00110534 the variable
+-aD6yAWIULg-00482-00110535-00110854 is uh not something that you want to do
+-aD6yAWIULg-00483-00110855-00111023 instead what you can do is that you
+-aD6yAWIULg-00484-00111024-00111134 start
+-aD6yAWIULg-00485-00111135-00111366 with uh the linear prediction using the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00486-00111367-00111583 original m and adjusted t so we are
+-aD6yAWIULg-00487-00111583-00111815 adjusting t here and m is adoption
+-aD6yAWIULg-00488-00111816-00112102 values and then we substruct the effect
+-aD6yAWIULg-00489-00112103-00112358 of adjusted t and originality here and
+-aD6yAWIULg-00490-00112359-00112647 then we do the same so we add the effect
+-aD6yAWIULg-00491-00112648-00112927 of observe t we add the effect of
+-aD6yAWIULg-00492-00112928-00113247 predicted m to the prediction and if you
+-aD6yAWIULg-00493-00113248-00113607 have a non-linear model then how do you
+-aD6yAWIULg-00494-00113608-00113734 uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00495-00113735-00114015 do that well instead of using predict xb
+-aD6yAWIULg-00496-00114016-00114190 which gives you the linear prediction
+-aD6yAWIULg-00497-00114191-00114415 you simply apply the link function from
+-aD6yAWIULg-00498-00114416-00114678 your glm like you would use exponential
+-aD6yAWIULg-00499-00114679-00114958 model for poisson recursion analysis and
+-aD6yAWIULg-00500-00114959-00115183 inverse logic for logistic recursion
+-aD6yAWIULg-00501-00115183-00115407 analysis or the cumulative normal
+-aD6yAWIULg-00502-00115408-00115678 distribution for probit regressor
+-aD6yAWIULg-00503-00115679-00115927 so limitations of the recursion-based
+-aD6yAWIULg-00504-00115928-00116031 approach
+-aD6yAWIULg-00505-00116032-00116271 this approach works well
+-aD6yAWIULg-00506-00116272-00116519 when the mole for m or more for y is
+-aD6yAWIULg-00507-00116520-00116615 linear
+-aD6yAWIULg-00508-00116616-00116743 and
+-aD6yAWIULg-00509-00116744-00116999 for for non-linear models
+-aD6yAWIULg-00510-00117000-00117207 when both are non-linear there are
+-aD6yAWIULg-00511-00117208-00117439 special cases where it works
+-aD6yAWIULg-00512-00117440-00117751 and the the approach that i talked about
+-aD6yAWIULg-00513-00117752-00117990 also works when there's one mediator
+-aD6yAWIULg-00514-00117991-00118158 when there are more than one mediator if
+-aD6yAWIULg-00515-00118159-00118366 you have like two competing causal paths
+-aD6yAWIULg-00516-00118367-00118519 and you want to understand which one is
+-aD6yAWIULg-00517-00118520-00118847 the one that is more important then um
+-aD6yAWIULg-00518-00118848-00119047 it gets more complicated there's a
+-aD6yAWIULg-00519-00119048-00119263 really great book by uh tyler j
+-aD6yAWIULg-00520-00119264-00119431 wonderville
+-aD6yAWIULg-00521-00119432-00119710 about this records approach it's like a
+-aD6yAWIULg-00522-00119711-00119975 few hundred pages of reading and it it
+-aD6yAWIULg-00523-00119976-00120175 goes through all the complications on a
+-aD6yAWIULg-00524-00120176-00120414 very detailed level and also how to
+-aD6yAWIULg-00525-00120415-00120710 address those and which at the time of
+-aD6yAWIULg-00526-00120711-00120990 writing in 2015 were still unaddressed
+-aD6yAWIULg-00527-00120991-00121247 by methodological literature
+-aD6yAWIULg-00528-00121248-00121639 other cases except this this one linear
+-aD6yAWIULg-00529-00121640-00121863 needs to be proven on case-by-case basis
+-aD6yAWIULg-00530-00121864-00122127 and these books gives you the proofs so
+-aD6yAWIULg-00531-00122128-00122431 for example if you have a logistic model
+-aD6yAWIULg-00532-00122432-00122678 for for why you have logistic model for
+-aD6yAWIULg-00533-00122679-00122751 m
+-aD6yAWIULg-00534-00122752-00122831 then
+-aD6yAWIULg-00535-00122832-00123119 this approach that i just presented
+-aD6yAWIULg-00536-00123120-00123375 wouldn't work directly you can get odds
+-aD6yAWIULg-00537-00123376-00123695 ratios uh using using math but you can't
+-aD6yAWIULg-00538-00123696-00123943 get the predictions like i showed
+-aD6yAWIULg-00539-00123944-00124223 because of uh it's if we assume that the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00540-00124224-00124510 probability of y is 0.5 in in one
+-aD6yAWIULg-00541-00124511-00124671 particular case
+-aD6yAWIULg-00542-00124672-00124839 then uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00543-00124840-00125143 the inverse logic of 0.5
+-aD6yAWIULg-00544-00125144-00125423 is is not the same as average of of
+-aD6yAWIULg-00545-00125424-00125663 these two logics so uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00546-00125664-00125943 it works when you have linear because in
+-aD6yAWIULg-00547-00125944-00126239 linear outcome or linear mediator
+-aD6yAWIULg-00548-00126240-00126527 or linear outcome then uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00549-00126528-00126775 then the outcome is simply if you have
+-aD6yAWIULg-00550-00126776-00126871 two
+-aD6yAWIULg-00551-00126872-00127207 possible media outcomes one and zero
+-aD6yAWIULg-00552-00127208-00127478 then uh the average of one and zero is
+-aD6yAWIULg-00553-00127479-00127783 the same as the average of
+-aD6yAWIULg-00554-00127783-00127975 of of pretty or it's the same as the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00555-00127976-00128214 predicts uh probability of one
+-aD6yAWIULg-00556-00128215-00128502 but it doesn't work if you need to use a
+-aD6yAWIULg-00557-00128503-00128790 link function for the outcome as well
+-aD6yAWIULg-00558-00128791-00129095 so this is a simple simple technique
+-aD6yAWIULg-00559-00129096-00129383 but it does not work in in all potential
+-aD6yAWIULg-00560-00129383-00129543 cases
+-aD6yAWIULg-00561-00129544-00129790 emi's approach on the other hand the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00562-00129791-00130110 simulation based approach is general it
+-aD6yAWIULg-00563-00130111-00130343 works in pretty much every condition
+-aD6yAWIULg-00564-00130344-00130486 that you can think of
+-aD6yAWIULg-00565-00130488-00130671 but it's more challenging
+-aD6yAWIULg-00566-00130672-00130831 computationally
+-aD6yAWIULg-00567-00130832-00131063 so similarities between the simulation
+-aD6yAWIULg-00568-00131064-00131231 based approach and the recursion-based
+-aD6yAWIULg-00569-00131232-00131351 approach
+-aD6yAWIULg-00570-00131352-00131599 is that they first start with estimating
+-aD6yAWIULg-00571-00131600-00131854 models for y and m
+-aD6yAWIULg-00572-00131855-00132119 and calculating predictions for m
+-aD6yAWIULg-00573-00132120-00132375 so this is the similarities but there
+-aD6yAWIULg-00574-00132376-00132511 are also differences between the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00575-00132512-00132695 simulation-based approach and the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00576-00132696-00132935 recursion-based approach the differences
+-aD6yAWIULg-00577-00132936-00133231 include multiple replications whereas in
+-aD6yAWIULg-00578-00133232-00133390 the recursion approach
+-aD6yAWIULg-00579-00133391-00133631 you simply predicted one
+-aD6yAWIULg-00580-00133632-00133783 probability
+-aD6yAWIULg-00581-00133784-00134014 for for under treatment one probability
+-aD6yAWIULg-00582-00134015-00134263 under control in the binary mediator
+-aD6yAWIULg-00583-00134264-00134359 case
+-aD6yAWIULg-00584-00134360-00134527 in in this case you do multiple
+-aD6yAWIULg-00585-00134528-00134663 replications
+-aD6yAWIULg-00586-00134664-00134966 and uh we don't predict expectations so
+-aD6yAWIULg-00587-00134967-00135207 we don't predict the probability
+-aD6yAWIULg-00588-00135208-00135551 in a linear a binary model like logistic
+-aD6yAWIULg-00589-00135552-00135807 and probability but instead we predict
+-aD6yAWIULg-00590-00135808-00136014 there are some actual values so we
+-aD6yAWIULg-00591-00136015-00136223 generate actual values ones and zeros
+-aD6yAWIULg-00592-00136224-00136487 instead of predicting a probability
+-aD6yAWIULg-00593-00136488-00136631 and uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00594-00136632-00136887 predictions use samples of moral
+-aD6yAWIULg-00595-00136888-00137047 estimates instead of the actual
+-aD6yAWIULg-00596-00137048-00137159 estimates
+-aD6yAWIULg-00597-00137160-00137407 so let's take a look at why we
+-aD6yAWIULg-00598-00137408-00137623 need to go all this trouble so
+-aD6yAWIULg-00599-00137624-00137854 why do we simulate why do we take
+-aD6yAWIULg-00600-00137855-00138143 samples of estimates and why
+-aD6yAWIULg-00601-00138144-00138383 why all this stuff instead of just using
+-aD6yAWIULg-00602-00138384-00138566 the regression one
+-aD6yAWIULg-00603-00138567-00138775 well this is something that i struggle
+-aD6yAWIULg-00604-00138776-00138983 myself to understand but the key to
+-aD6yAWIULg-00605-00138984-00139278 understanding why this happens is in
+-aD6yAWIULg-00606-00139279-00139535 theorem one of emi's paper so there is
+-aD6yAWIULg-00607-00139536-00139631 uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00608-00139632-00139927 there's some kind of integral over m so
+-aD6yAWIULg-00609-00139928-00140175 interchlorine means that we we are
+-aD6yAWIULg-00610-00140176-00140407 analyze the distribution of m
+-aD6yAWIULg-00611-00140408-00140678 instead of the expected value like we do
+-aD6yAWIULg-00612-00140679-00140871 in the regression based approach so we
+-aD6yAWIULg-00613-00140872-00141175 need to look at the full distribution
+-aD6yAWIULg-00614-00141176-00141319 instead of just
+-aD6yAWIULg-00615-00141320-00141483 what is the expected
+-aD6yAWIULg-00616-00141484-00141775 value and so where does this this
+-aD6yAWIULg-00617-00141776-00142014 integration integral comes from it comes
+-aD6yAWIULg-00618-00142015-00142207 from something called the mediation
+-aD6yAWIULg-00619-00142208-00142487 formula which has been introduced by i
+-aD6yAWIULg-00620-00142488-00142695 think it is perl
+-aD6yAWIULg-00621-00142696-00142935 in the literature on causality
+-aD6yAWIULg-00622-00142936-00143143 and the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00623-00143144-00143383 the idea here in in the mediation
+-aD6yAWIULg-00624-00143384-00143495 formula
+-aD6yAWIULg-00625-00143496-00143743 is that we are not looking at at two
+-aD6yAWIULg-00626-00143744-00144031 predicted outcomes for each individual
+-aD6yAWIULg-00627-00144032-00144207 but we are looking at how does the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00628-00144208-00144519 distribution of the moderator a mediator
+-aD6yAWIULg-00629-00144520-00144639 how does the distribution of the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00630-00144640-00144751 mediator
+-aD6yAWIULg-00631-00144752-00145007 change between the treatment and the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00632-00145008-00145119 control
+-aD6yAWIULg-00633-00145120-00145239 and uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00634-00145240-00145431 those we don't analyze the differences
+-aD6yAWIULg-00635-00145432-00145671 in expectations but we analyze the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00636-00145672-00145975 differences in in distributions and then
+-aD6yAWIULg-00637-00145976-00146151 we multiply
+-aD6yAWIULg-00638-00146152-00146439 each value of that distribution with the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00639-00146440-00146647 coefficient or whatever function there
+-aD6yAWIULg-00640-00146648-00146854 is it's for y
+-aD6yAWIULg-00641-00146855-00147031 and and that gives us the causal
+-aD6yAWIULg-00642-00147032-00147295 mediation effect how this is proven is
+-aD6yAWIULg-00643-00147296-00147599 not important but uh to know
+-aD6yAWIULg-00644-00147600-00147735 you just need to know that this is a
+-aD6yAWIULg-00645-00147736-00148047 very general way so instead of looking
+-aD6yAWIULg-00646-00148048-00148295 at particle value of m
+-aD6yAWIULg-00647-00148296-00148551 under treatment particle value of m
+-aD6yAWIULg-00648-00148552-00148790 under control for on a individual case
+-aD6yAWIULg-00649-00148791-00149183 basis we look at the distribution of m
+-aD6yAWIULg-00650-00149184-00149439 and and on the treatment distribution of
+-aD6yAWIULg-00651-00149440-00149654 m under control and then what the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00652-00149655-00149926 simulation does is something called
+-aD6yAWIULg-00653-00149927-00150039 monte carlo
+-aD6yAWIULg-00654-00150040-00150295 integration so uh monte carlo
+-aD6yAWIULg-00655-00150296-00150526 integration is a way of calculating an
+-aD6yAWIULg-00656-00150527-00150702 integral so if we want to analyze the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00657-00150703-00150919 full distribution of a variable we need
+-aD6yAWIULg-00658-00150920-00151126 to do integration and monte carlo
+-aD6yAWIULg-00659-00151127-00151414 integration is one way of doing it so
+-aD6yAWIULg-00660-00151415-00151599 this is a simple example of monte carlo
+-aD6yAWIULg-00661-00151600-00151926 integration let's assume that we have
+-aD6yAWIULg-00662-00151927-00152102 x which is normally distributed means
+-aD6yAWIULg-00663-00152103-00152343 zero standard deviation one and we want
+-aD6yAWIULg-00664-00152344-00152654 to know what is the mean of x square so
+-aD6yAWIULg-00665-00152655-00152814 we know that that's chi-square with one
+-aD6yAWIULg-00666-00152815-00152990 degree of freedom and that's that's
+-aD6yAWIULg-00667-00152991-00153302 worked out in in any decent stats book
+-aD6yAWIULg-00668-00153303-00153414 but
+-aD6yAWIULg-00669-00153415-00153623 for for our demonstration
+-aD6yAWIULg-00670-00153624-00153831 let's assume we don't know what is the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00671-00153832-00154007 mean of x square
+-aD6yAWIULg-00672-00154008-00154271 and we want to do monte carlo
+-aD6yAWIULg-00673-00154272-00154478 integration to find out so the idea of
+-aD6yAWIULg-00674-00154479-00154654 montreal integration is that we we take
+-aD6yAWIULg-00675-00154655-00154887 a random sample so we we take our one
+-aD6yAWIULg-00676-00154888-00155326 observation of x it's minus 0.7
+-aD6yAWIULg-00677-00155327-00155543 then we raise it to the second power and
+-aD6yAWIULg-00678-00155544-00155847 then we get that that's about 0.3 or
+-aD6yAWIULg-00679-00155848-00155966 something
+-aD6yAWIULg-00680-00155967-00156254 and uh we repeat this many many times so
+-aD6yAWIULg-00681-00156255-00156511 we draw samples from
+-aD6yAWIULg-00682-00156512-00156790 the distribution of x we calculate x
+-aD6yAWIULg-00683-00156791-00156878 square
+-aD6yAWIULg-00684-00156879-00157214 and we record these these x squares
+-aD6yAWIULg-00685-00157215-00157551 this dashed line here shows what is the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00686-00157552-00157926 average of these now 35 replications
+-aD6yAWIULg-00687-00157927-00158126 and we can see that when we do this kind
+-aD6yAWIULg-00688-00158127-00158447 of simulation we most of the time we get
+-aD6yAWIULg-00689-00158448-00158671 x values that are close to zero
+-aD6yAWIULg-00690-00158672-00158911 sometimes we get x values that are are
+-aD6yAWIULg-00691-00158912-00159078 far from zero but they are less common
+-aD6yAWIULg-00692-00159079-00159326 because this is normal distribution and
+-aD6yAWIULg-00693-00159327-00159502 uh in normal distribution the most
+-aD6yAWIULg-00694-00159503-00159751 observations are close to zero and in
+-aD6yAWIULg-00695-00159752-00160071 about 500 replications or so we can see
+-aD6yAWIULg-00696-00160072-00160263 that the expected value or the average
+-aD6yAWIULg-00697-00160264-00160463 of these these squares
+-aD6yAWIULg-00698-00160464-00160726 is uh here at
+-aD6yAWIULg-00699-00160727-00160990 one so this is the idea of monte carlo
+-aD6yAWIULg-00700-00160991-00161375 simulator monte carlo integration we are
+-aD6yAWIULg-00701-00161376-00161543 simulate values
+-aD6yAWIULg-00702-00161544-00161854 from our the distribution of of interest
+-aD6yAWIULg-00703-00161855-00162054 we calculate the function of interest
+-aD6yAWIULg-00704-00162055-00162383 for for each of these observations and
+-aD6yAWIULg-00705-00162384-00162751 then we calculate the mean the idea is
+-aD6yAWIULg-00706-00162752-00162951 that we will then have very few
+-aD6yAWIULg-00707-00162952-00163214 occurrences on the unders on the tails
+-aD6yAWIULg-00708-00163215-00163383 as we should be
+-aD6yAWIULg-00709-00163384-00163631 and most observations are here and this
+-aD6yAWIULg-00710-00163632-00163975 this works out pretty well for for
+-aD6yAWIULg-00711-00163976-00164287 many many problems
+-aD6yAWIULg-00712-00164288-00164511 so this is the reason why we take
+-aD6yAWIULg-00713-00164512-00164711 multiple simulations we we need to
+-aD6yAWIULg-00714-00164712-00164895 calculate the integral present in the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00715-00164896-00165126 paper and this is another way of of
+-aD6yAWIULg-00716-00165127-00165447 showing the integral so um we calculate
+-aD6yAWIULg-00717-00165448-00165678 the integral and we calculate actual
+-aD6yAWIULg-00718-00165679-00165990 predictions of m from the distribution
+-aD6yAWIULg-00719-00165991-00166143 like we did ah
+-aD6yAWIULg-00720-00166144-00166278 the prediction
+-aD6yAWIULg-00721-00166279-00166575 we simulate the values from for x
+-aD6yAWIULg-00722-00166576-00166726 in the normal distribution the previous
+-aD6yAWIULg-00723-00166727-00166943 slide we do the same here so this is the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00724-00166944-00167359 reason why we do our simulations and why
+-aD6yAWIULg-00725-00167360-00167663 do we do axle draws from random m
+-aD6yAWIULg-00726-00167664-00167895 instead of the expected value because it
+-aD6yAWIULg-00727-00167896-00168151 allows us to do monte carlo integrase
+-aD6yAWIULg-00728-00168152-00168383 now there is the problem why samples of
+-aD6yAWIULg-00729-00168384-00168663 estimates and and this is a bit
+-aD6yAWIULg-00730-00168664-00168871 a bit tricky to understand
+-aD6yAWIULg-00731-00168872-00169078 and this is explained really well in the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00732-00169079-00169326 missing data literature and for example
+-aD6yAWIULg-00733-00169327-00169526 my video on data augmentation i talk
+-aD6yAWIULg-00734-00169527-00169719 about this issue in more detail
+-aD6yAWIULg-00735-00169720-00169975 but the idea is that when we are want to
+-aD6yAWIULg-00736-00169976-00170295 estimate what is the expected value of x
+-aD6yAWIULg-00737-00170296-00170559 then the the linear model
+-aD6yAWIULg-00738-00170560-00170790 the or whatever model we have
+-aD6yAWIULg-00739-00170791-00170983 gives us the estimate and that's our
+-aD6yAWIULg-00740-00170984-00171190 best guess but if we want to
+-aD6yAWIULg-00741-00171191-00171431 characterize or estimate how is x
+-aD6yAWIULg-00742-00171432-00171871 distributed then uh using a linear model
+-aD6yAWIULg-00743-00171872-00172071 or whatever model and then they are the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00744-00172072-00172247 distribution of
+-aD6yAWIULg-00745-00172248-00172511 the variable around the model prediction
+-aD6yAWIULg-00746-00172512-00172831 actually is the biased uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00747-00172832-00173054 estimate of the distribution because it
+-aD6yAWIULg-00748-00173055-00173223 doesn't take the estimates and error of
+-aD6yAWIULg-00749-00173224-00173414 the linear model into account
+-aD6yAWIULg-00750-00173415-00173743 so we draw these samples of of estimates
+-aD6yAWIULg-00751-00173744-00173983 to take the estimation error into
+-aD6yAWIULg-00752-00173984-00174247 account or the estimation uncertainty i
+-aD6yAWIULg-00753-00174248-00174463 will not talk about that in detail here
+-aD6yAWIULg-00754-00174464-00174671 but it's basically the same thing that
+-aD6yAWIULg-00755-00174672-00174951 you do in in missing data analysis when
+-aD6yAWIULg-00756-00174952-00175159 you do multiple invitation with the data
+-aD6yAWIULg-00757-00175160-00175335 augmentation algorithm
+-aD6yAWIULg-00758-00175336-00175559 so how do we actually implement this in
+-aD6yAWIULg-00759-00175560-00175654 practice
+-aD6yAWIULg-00760-00175655-00175935 so this is a quick r implementation of
+-aD6yAWIULg-00761-00175936-00176214 of emi's simulation based approach
+-aD6yAWIULg-00762-00176215-00176471 and we generate uh some data so this is
+-aD6yAWIULg-00763-00176472-00176647 again full medium model 1000
+-aD6yAWIULg-00764-00176648-00176775 observations
+-aD6yAWIULg-00765-00176776-00176975 we estimate two models
+-aD6yAWIULg-00766-00176976-00177159 this time both are probably models so we
+-aD6yAWIULg-00767-00177160-00177423 generate data from profit model two
+-aD6yAWIULg-00768-00177424-00177543 and uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00769-00177544-00177883 then we draw samples of of coefficients
+-aD6yAWIULg-00770-00177884-00178183 from from these models so
+-aD6yAWIULg-00771-00178184-00178438 we we draw samples the mean of these
+-aD6yAWIULg-00772-00178439-00178614 random normal variables are the actual
+-aD6yAWIULg-00773-00178615-00178847 coefficients and the variance covariance
+-aD6yAWIULg-00774-00178848-00179063 matrix of the random numbers
+-aD6yAWIULg-00775-00179064-00179263 is the variance covariance matrix of the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00776-00179264-00179543 estimates and uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00777-00179544-00179695 then uh we
+-aD6yAWIULg-00778-00179696-00180054 simulate t and one and t zero so these
+-aD6yAWIULg-00779-00180055-00180238 are adjusted predictions for each its
+-aD6yAWIULg-00780-00180239-00180614 case so we have n is one thousand so the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00781-00180615-00180902 simulated t's are two thousand so we
+-aD6yAWIULg-00782-00180903-00181111 have one and zero for each case two
+-aD6yAWIULg-00783-00181112-00181375 times one thousand is two thousand
+-aD6yAWIULg-00784-00181376-00181631 and then what we do is that we simulate
+-aD6yAWIULg-00785-00181632-00181831 this one line simulates
+-aD6yAWIULg-00786-00181832-00182151 one thousand replications of of m
+-aD6yAWIULg-00787-00182152-00182295 for each case
+-aD6yAWIULg-00788-00182296-00182566 under treatment and under control
+-aD6yAWIULg-00789-00182567-00182790 so this is a matrix product of
+-aD6yAWIULg-00790-00182791-00183054 two thousand by two matrix
+-aD6yAWIULg-00791-00183055-00183247 so it is uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00792-00183248-00183519 two thousand by two one is the intercept
+-aD6yAWIULg-00793-00183520-00183799 that's uh interested is something
+-aD6yAWIULg-00794-00183800-00184007 times one and you added them to the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00795-00184008-00184214 model so this would be called the design
+-aD6yAWIULg-00796-00184215-00184543 matrix and uh it's two thousand so one
+-aD6yAWIULg-00797-00184544-00184726 thousand observation
+-aD6yAWIULg-00798-00184727-00184983 and and two adjustments t zero t1 for
+-aD6yAWIULg-00799-00184984-00185095 each case
+-aD6yAWIULg-00800-00185096-00185383 and then we have this uh two times 1000
+-aD6yAWIULg-00801-00185384-00185638 matrix which is two coefficients the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00802-00185639-00186078 intercept and the coefficient of t
+-aD6yAWIULg-00803-00186079-00186326 and this produces two thousand times one
+-aD6yAWIULg-00804-00186327-00186631 hundred thousand matrix so the the the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00805-00186632-00186895 columns all the replications the rows
+-aD6yAWIULg-00806-00186896-00187190 are the cases under these two
+-aD6yAWIULg-00807-00187191-00187463 adjustments treated and untreated
+-aD6yAWIULg-00808-00187464-00187583 then uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00809-00187584-00188047 we calculate for for each combination of
+-aD6yAWIULg-00810-00188048-00188414 for each replication for each row of uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00811-00188415-00188550 of the mediator each value of the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00812-00188551-00188719 mediator
+-aD6yAWIULg-00813-00188720-00188983 we calculate this kind of a
+-aD6yAWIULg-00814-00188984-00189311 matrix product again so we have 4 000 by
+-aD6yAWIULg-00815-00189312-00189759 3 matrix so 4 000 now is because we have
+-aD6yAWIULg-00816-00189760-00190063 uh for each observation we have four
+-aD6yAWIULg-00817-00190064-00190343 cases we have the cases where t was
+-aD6yAWIULg-00818-00190344-00190502 adjusted at one
+-aD6yAWIULg-00819-00190503-00190735 and mediator is predicted under t equals
+-aD6yAWIULg-00820-00190736-00191031 one t is adjusted to zero the meter is
+-aD6yAWIULg-00821-00191032-00191247 predicted under t is zero and then we
+-aD6yAWIULg-00822-00191248-00191447 have we are also predicting two counter
+-aD6yAWIULg-00823-00191448-00191854 factors where we use t equals zero and
+-aD6yAWIULg-00824-00191855-00192095 the prediction of t equals one and then
+-aD6yAWIULg-00825-00192096-00192287 we eq we have t equals zero and the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00826-00192288-00192463 prediction t
+-aD6yAWIULg-00827-00192464-00192726 of media under t equals zero so we have
+-aD6yAWIULg-00828-00192727-00192990 four different cases that we compare we
+-aD6yAWIULg-00829-00192991-00193119 we uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00830-00193120-00193311 apply to each condition
+-aD6yAWIULg-00831-00193312-00193559 and then we take take sums and we will
+-aD6yAWIULg-00832-00193560-00193711 get these uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00833-00193712-00193854 causal uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00834-00193855-00194223 average causal effects this runs in in
+-aD6yAWIULg-00835-00194224-00194335 maybe
+-aD6yAWIULg-00836-00194336-00194614 less than a second on my computer and if
+-aD6yAWIULg-00837-00194615-00194943 we calculate using emis software package
+-aD6yAWIULg-00838-00194944-00195214 we'll get the same results it takes
+-aD6yAWIULg-00839-00195215-00195454 two or three seconds on my computer
+-aD6yAWIULg-00840-00195455-00195695 so so this is in a nutshell the the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00841-00195696-00195959 simulation-based approach
+-aD6yAWIULg-00842-00195960-00196135 limitations of the simulation-based
+-aD6yAWIULg-00843-00196136-00196350 approach
+-aD6yAWIULg-00844-00196351-00196543 wonderview who advocates requisite-based
+-aD6yAWIULg-00845-00196544-00196750 approach says that this takes uh the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00846-00196751-00196966 main main drawback of this simulation
+-aD6yAWIULg-00847-00196967-00197150 based approach is that it takes a lot of
+-aD6yAWIULg-00848-00197151-00197399 computational time if your data set is
+-aD6yAWIULg-00849-00197400-00197511 large
+-aD6yAWIULg-00850-00197512-00197726 i'm not sure if that's actually true
+-aD6yAWIULg-00851-00197727-00197895 because you're not really estimating
+-aD6yAWIULg-00852-00197896-00198183 things so if you estimate a a
+-aD6yAWIULg-00853-00198184-00198511 glm model for 26 million like you uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00854-00198512-00198775 have here in their example then that
+-aD6yAWIULg-00855-00198776-00198999 that takes some time takes a few minutes
+-aD6yAWIULg-00856-00199000-00199166 on a modern computer
+-aD6yAWIULg-00857-00199167-00199383 but this is if you have 26 million
+-aD6yAWIULg-00858-00199384-00199614 observations and then you need to
+-aD6yAWIULg-00859-00199615-00199878 simulate 1000 observations then the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00860-00199879-00200087 matrix products that i showed and that
+-aD6yAWIULg-00861-00200088-00200350 in my software packets use is
+-aD6yAWIULg-00862-00200351-00200647 they they will explode in size so this
+-aD6yAWIULg-00863-00200648-00200847 is you will run out of memory on your
+-aD6yAWIULg-00864-00200848-00201047 computer and when your computer runs out
+-aD6yAWIULg-00865-00201048-00201335 of memory then uh it gets slower because
+-aD6yAWIULg-00866-00201336-00201519 it needs to save the results on the hard
+-aD6yAWIULg-00867-00201520-00201711 drive and that's several orders of
+-aD6yAWIULg-00868-00201712-00201926 magnitude slower than just using
+-aD6yAWIULg-00869-00201927-00202119 estimates from the memory
+-aD6yAWIULg-00870-00202120-00202287 if you're working with large data in a
+-aD6yAWIULg-00871-00202288-00202614 simulation based approach then your your
+-aD6yAWIULg-00872-00202615-00202847 options are basically that don't use the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00873-00202848-00203063 full data take a random sample if you
+-aD6yAWIULg-00874-00203064-00203335 have 26 million observations a random
+-aD6yAWIULg-00875-00203336-00203654 sample of 260 000 observations
+-aD6yAWIULg-00876-00203655-00203878 would be good enough for most purposes
+-aD6yAWIULg-00877-00203879-00204150 so that's one option another option is
+-aD6yAWIULg-00878-00204151-00204375 that then you can go back to our two
+-aD6yAWIULg-00879-00204376-00204647 matrices and just implement
+-aD6yAWIULg-00880-00204648-00204982 it yourself using r for example
+-aD6yAWIULg-00881-00204983-00205246 and just split the simulation into
+-aD6yAWIULg-00882-00205248-00205431 smaller tasks where you don't have to
+-aD6yAWIULg-00883-00205432-00205671 calculate a big matrix that fills your
+-aD6yAWIULg-00884-00205671-00205855 computer's memory
+-aD6yAWIULg-00885-00205856-00205951 so
+-aD6yAWIULg-00886-00205952-00206182 this these techniques can be implemented
+-aD6yAWIULg-00887-00206183-00206406 using the are the more
+-aD6yAWIULg-00888-00206407-00206646 foundational more more primitive tools
+-aD6yAWIULg-00889-00206648-00206831 of your statistical software i
+-aD6yAWIULg-00890-00206832-00206975 demonstrated the recursion based
+-aD6yAWIULg-00891-00206976-00207255 approach using stata i demonstrated uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00892-00207256-00207551 the simulation based approach using r
+-aD6yAWIULg-00893-00207552-00207798 you both can be done in both software
+-aD6yAWIULg-00894-00207800-00208014 but there are also several packages and
+-aD6yAWIULg-00895-00208015-00208214 these packages are are constantly
+-aD6yAWIULg-00896-00208215-00208438 developed this article in structural
+-aD6yAWIULg-00897-00208439-00208614 education model link
+-aD6yAWIULg-00898-00208615-00209006 shows you a review of of these six or
+-aD6yAWIULg-00899-00209007-00209286 seven common packages they they cover
+-aD6yAWIULg-00900-00209287-00209414 stata
+-aD6yAWIULg-00901-00209415-00209758 r sas and then m plus and and the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00902-00209759-00209942 article talks about the differences
+-aD6yAWIULg-00903-00209944-00210239 between these so if you want to do this
+-aD6yAWIULg-00904-00210240-00210471 causal mediation analysis or nonlinear
+-aD6yAWIULg-00905-00210471-00210775 mediation analysis then this article is
+-aD6yAWIULg-00906-00210776-00210982 a good source for you because the first
+-aD6yAWIULg-00907-00210983-00211142 thing that you need to do is to pick a
+-aD6yAWIULg-00908-00211144-00211246 tool
+-aD6yAWIULg-00909-00211248-00211679 trying to implement this by hand
+-aD6yAWIULg-00910-00211680-00211982 is a good idea for for learning
+-aD6yAWIULg-00911-00211983-00212206 but if you want to uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00912-00212207-00212431 use these then relying on your own
+-aD6yAWIULg-00913-00212432-00212703 implementation is is problematic
+-aD6yAWIULg-00914-00212704-00212951 for for two reasons one it's a bit
+-aD6yAWIULg-00915-00212952-00213119 tedious to think it through instead of
+-aD6yAWIULg-00916-00213119-00213406 applying these black boxes and two
+-aD6yAWIULg-00917-00213407-00213558 uh how do you know that you've
+-aD6yAWIULg-00918-00213559-00213798 implemented it correctly so verifying
+-aD6yAWIULg-00919-00213800-00213975 your implementation that it actually
+-aD6yAWIULg-00920-00213976-00214127 works right
+-aD6yAWIULg-00921-00214128-00214471 is is a bit of work so i recommend that
+-aD6yAWIULg-00922-00214471-00214751 you do do both so use the package and
+-aD6yAWIULg-00923-00214752-00214951 then you can verify if you have
+-aD6yAWIULg-00924-00214952-00215151 understood the package what it does
+-aD6yAWIULg-00925-00215152-00215471 correctly by implementing it yourself
+-aD6yAWIULg-00926-00215471-00215719 using adjusted predictions
+-aD6yAWIULg-00927-00215719-00215855 now
+-aD6yAWIULg-00928-00215856-00216023 this part we have talked about binary
+-aD6yAWIULg-00929-00216023-00216158 treatment so
+-aD6yAWIULg-00930-00216159-00216398 how do we deal with continuous treatment
+-aD6yAWIULg-00931-00216400-00216623 so we don't have zeros at once
+-aD6yAWIULg-00932-00216623-00216903 but we have for example uh individuals
+-aD6yAWIULg-00933-00216904-00217142 receive different amounts of
+-aD6yAWIULg-00934-00217144-00217319 it's not a yes or no
+-aD6yAWIULg-00935-00217319-00217406 or
+-aD6yAWIULg-00936-00217407-00217639 we have a
+-aD6yAWIULg-00937-00217640-00217927 let's say a sports example we tell
+-aD6yAWIULg-00938-00217928-00218191 people to uh do
+-aD6yAWIULg-00939-00218192-00218439 running two times more per week than
+-aD6yAWIULg-00940-00218440-00218575 they normally
+-aD6yAWIULg-00941-00218576-00218815 but they're the running baseline varies
+-aD6yAWIULg-00942-00218816-00218967 between different people
+-aD6yAWIULg-00943-00218967-00219167 so continuous treatment addresses these
+-aD6yAWIULg-00944-00219167-00219271 questions
+-aD6yAWIULg-00945-00219271-00219446 the case for continuous treatment is
+-aD6yAWIULg-00946-00219448-00219710 actually not different at all so all
+-aD6yAWIULg-00947-00219711-00220006 these equations as pointed out by by
+-aD6yAWIULg-00948-00220007-00220151 thingless
+-aD6yAWIULg-00949-00220152-00220382 note in their package documentation
+-aD6yAWIULg-00950-00220383-00220542 is they
+-aD6yAWIULg-00951-00220544-00220791 just say math so let's take a look at
+-aD6yAWIULg-00952-00220792-00220975 how you do it in stella
+-aD6yAWIULg-00953-00220976-00221182 so instead of
+-aD6yAWIULg-00954-00221183-00221519 predicting a t 0 and 1 we predict at
+-aD6yAWIULg-00955-00221519-00221598 t
+-aD6yAWIULg-00956-00221600-00221758 from let's say it's from normal
+-aD6yAWIULg-00957-00221759-00221919 distribution it's
+-aD6yAWIULg-00958-00221919-00222310 mine from -2 to 2 with increments of 0.5
+-aD6yAWIULg-00959-00222311-00222558 and and what do we actually do here
+-aD6yAWIULg-00960-00222559-00222887 uh we use a linear prediction using the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00961-00222888-00223167 original and adjusted t this is the same
+-aD6yAWIULg-00962-00223167-00223351 thing that i did before
+-aD6yAWIULg-00963-00223352-00223527 and then we subtract the effect of
+-aD6yAWIULg-00964-00223528-00223775 adjusted t and original m we add the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00965-00223776-00224015 effect of offset t and then we add the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00966-00224016-00224334 effect of predicted m and uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00967-00224335-00224623 what this models is is not the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00968-00224623-00224951 difference between uh zero and one
+-aD6yAWIULg-00969-00224952-00225134 but it is the difference from going
+-aD6yAWIULg-00970-00225135-00225446 whatever is your current baseline to a
+-aD6yAWIULg-00971-00225448-00225727 particular value so
+-aD6yAWIULg-00972-00225728-00226023 if you move from from let's say
+-aD6yAWIULg-00973-00226023-00226263 let's use running example and we have
+-aD6yAWIULg-00974-00226264-00226479 treatment would be running once two
+-aD6yAWIULg-00975-00226480-00226615 times three times four thousand five
+-aD6yAWIULg-00976-00226616-00226879 times a week then uh if you adjust your
+-aD6yAWIULg-00977-00226880-00227151 current running level whatever it is to
+-aD6yAWIULg-00978-00227152-00227398 be five times a week what's the average
+-aD6yAWIULg-00979-00227400-00227503 effect
+-aD6yAWIULg-00980-00227504-00227831 and we can use margins here and uh plot
+-aD6yAWIULg-00981-00227832-00228103 the effect so so we would see
+-aD6yAWIULg-00982-00228104-00228198 that
+-aD6yAWIULg-00983-00228200-00228439 if we change everybody
+-aD6yAWIULg-00984-00228440-00228655 to be at minus two on the treatment
+-aD6yAWIULg-00985-00228656-00228903 without changing the mediator then the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00986-00228904-00229158 expected outcome would be here
+-aD6yAWIULg-00987-00229159-00229367 so if we monitor everyone from the
+-aD6yAWIULg-00988-00229367-00229615 current level to 1.5 for example this is
+-aD6yAWIULg-00989-00229616-00229846 the value of the outcome holding media
+-aD6yAWIULg-00990-00229848-00230191 reduction values and and this this uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00991-00230192-00230406 red line is this the causal mediation
+-aD6yAWIULg-00992-00230407-00230679 effect so so what is the uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00993-00230680-00231039 effect of changing the mediator at uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-00994-00231040-00231279 based on on different predicted levels
+-aD6yAWIULg-00995-00231280-00231423 of of t
+-aD6yAWIULg-00996-00231423-00231758 considering the current t and current m
+-aD6yAWIULg-00997-00231759-00231967 medias and testing is an active topic so
+-aD6yAWIULg-00998-00231967-00232191 if you want to do non-linear mediation
+-aD6yAWIULg-00999-00232192-00232367 you are in for some reading there are
+-aD6yAWIULg-01000-00232367-00232567 quite a few recent articles that talk
+-aD6yAWIULg-01001-00232567-00232687 about
+-aD6yAWIULg-01002-00232688-00232934 problems such as measurement error
+-aD6yAWIULg-01003-00232935-00233198 confounding like omitted variables
+-aD6yAWIULg-01004-00233200-00233431 multi-level stuff
+-aD6yAWIULg-01005-00233432-00233767 and and all kinds of things so uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-01006-00233767-00233927 in particular in the rigorous and based
+-aD6yAWIULg-01007-00233928-00234206 approach every case needs to be proven
+-aD6yAWIULg-01008-00234207-00234431 case by case and then the simulation
+-aD6yAWIULg-01009-00234432-00234663 based approach that also has some
+-aD6yAWIULg-01010-00234664-00234879 limitations that need that need to be
+-aD6yAWIULg-01011-00234880-00235119 studied and they're also because this is
+-aD6yAWIULg-01012-00235119-00235431 a hot topic in in some disciplines there
+-aD6yAWIULg-01013-00235432-00235751 are some good commentaries and reviews
+-aD6yAWIULg-01014-00235752-00236094 and guidelines in epidemiology
+-aD6yAWIULg-01015-00236096-00236439 particularly but also in the uh
+-aD6yAWIULg-01016-00236440-00236679 in in the modeling literature so this is
+-aD6yAWIULg-01017-00236680-00236975 an active topic on the research but it's
+-aD6yAWIULg-01018-00236976-00237094 just not
+-aD6yAWIULg-01019-00237096-00237279 something that is active
+-aD6yAWIULg-01020-00237280-00237558 within management so not all management
+-aD6yAWIULg-01021-00237559-00237758 researchers necessarily read all this
+-aD6yAWIULg-01022-00237759-00238023 literature