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{ "section_name": [ "Finding Other Transportation", "Designating a Driver", "Staying Safe" ], "document": [ "make sure that the area is a safe place, especially if you plan on walking home at night. It’s always a good idea to practice the buddy system. Have a friend meet up and walk with you. Research the bus, train, or streetcar routes available in your area to find safe and affordable travel to your destination. Make sure you check the schedule for your outgoing and return travel. Some public transportation will cease to run late at night. Be sure if you take public transportation to the venue that you will also be able to get home late at night. Check the routes. Even if some public transit is still running late at night, the routing may change. Some may run express past many of the stops, or not travel all the way to the ends. Be sure that your stop will still be available when you need it for your return trip. If you are taking public transit in a vulnerable state after drinking, it is always a good idea to travel in groups. Having friends available is a good way to stay safe and make sure that you reach your destination. This is more expensive option than a taxi or ride share service, but could be a fun and fancy way to stay safe and ensure that you will have a ride home. Plan this service in advance with a scheduled time to pick you up from your home and the venue. You want to be sure that the service will still be available when you need to get home. This may be easy in a large city, but taxis may be less frequent in smaller towns. This is especially true late at night, so this is a less reliable option than scheduling a ride in advance. Have a friend accompany you and help you flag a cab to make sure you are able to get one. Set up a plan to call a friend when you get home to make sure that you made it safely to your destination. If there are no taxis readily available call a local service to send a car to pick you up. You can share a ride with your friends, or other people using the app at the same moment. If you are in a vulnerable state it is best to share the ride with your friends to make sure you get home safe. You can request the car to yourself rather than sharing rides with strangers. If you travel home on your own or are the last of your group to be dropped off, make plans to call a friend when you get home so they know you made it safely to your destination. There may be a designated driver service in your area which can chauffeur your group. Make reservations with them in advance and keep their contact information handy while you are drinking.", "Designating a driver is a very popular tactic to avoid drinking and driving. It is important to plan in advance, because your brain function will slow down and your decision making skills will be impaired once you start drinking. Decide before you begin drinking that you will not drive. Figure out who will be getting you home before you leave. Make sure this person is responsible and keep them in your sight while you are drinking. Have their contact information handy in case you can’t find them when you are ready to leave. Choose a friend who doesn’t drink alcohol. You likely have someone in your friend group who doesn’t drink. This person is the most likely to remain sober. Decide on one person who will remain sober. You can take turns within your friend group, alternating who will be the designated driver on each occasion. Be sure that the designated driver actually remains sober. The person who has drank the least is still not sober. If you don’t have your car with you, you can guarantee that you won’t make the choice to drive it home. If you are drinking at your home. Give your keys to a responsible friend to ensure that you don't choose to drive somewhere after you have been drinking. It may be tempting to stay longer or leave with someone else. Stick to the plan you made in advance and only leave with your sober, designated driver. Keep the phone number of your driver handy in case you can't find them when you are ready to leave. If your designated driver drinks alcohol, find alternate transportation to get home.", "If you have been drinking at all you are at least on the spectrum of drunkenness. You could be showing signs of impairment and slower brain function including lack of motor skills and slower reaction time, leading to the inability to operate a motor vehicle. Some of these signs could be: Poor balance or stumbling. Difficulty speaking clearly and slurred words. Abnormal behavior leading to you doing things you wouldn’t normally do if you were sober. As soon as you notice that you are showing signs of impairment, give your keys to a friend, the host or the bartender to ensure that you won’t drive until you are sober. Make sure to only give them your car key. Hold onto your house keys. If your friend, the host or the bartender are advising you not to drive, you are likely too drunk. Listen to their advice and acknowledge that they are trying to help you. Bystander intervention is common when it comes to drinking and driving. Many people will be willing to step in, take your keys and help you get home safely. If no one if offering to help, you may need to ask. Take a ride from a sober friend. It is best to get in a car with someone you trust when you are in this vulnerable state. Allow the host or bartender to call a cab or car service to take you home. If you are having a difficult time finding a safe way to get home, find a place to stay which does not involve you driving. Ask the host of the party if there is a place you can sleep. Give them your keys and ask that they keep them in a safe place until the morning. Stay with a friend if they live nearby and are on their way home. Find a hotel within walking distance. Call them to book a room, or have a friend help you secure one. Ask the friend if they will walk you to the hotel and make sure you get checked in safely. There are people in your life who care about you and want to be sure that you are safe. It may seem scary or embarrassing to call your parents or your siblings if you are too drunk to drive, but they will be glad you did. Your safety is the most important. You may need your phone to call someone for a ride or get help from a friend. Be sure to charge your phone before you leave the house. It is also a good idea to bring a charger with you in case your battery dies before the end of the night or you end up staying where you are and need to get home the next morning. You may also want to invest in a portable battery charger for your phone should there not be a power outlet available. Make sure it is fully charged before you leave your house. Keep it handy in your pocket or your bag throughout the night." ], "summary": [ "Walk to the venue where you will be drinking if it is close enough. Take public transit. Show up in style by hiring a limo or black car service. Flag a taxi cab for a convenient option to get where you’re going. Request a rideshare service like Uber or Lyft using an app on your phone. Reserve a designated driver service.", "Plan in advance. Assign a designated driver. Leave your car at home. Leave the venue with your designated driver.", "Pay attention to your body. Give up your keys. Listen to other people. Accept help. Stay where you are. Have an emergency back-up plan. Make sure that your phone is charged." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Safety and Medical Attention", "Encountering Wildlife", "Returning Home" ], "document": [ ". Do not attempt to move seriously injured persons unless they are in immediate danger of death or further injury. If you must move an unconscious person, first stabilize the neck and back, then call for help immediately. If the victim is not breathing, carefully position the victim for artificial respiration, clear the airway, and commence mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Maintain body temperature with blankets. Be sure the victim does not become overheated, and never try to feed liquids to an unconscious person. Don't try to do too much at once. Set priorities and pace yourself. Get enough rest, drink plenty of clean water, and eat well. Watch for washed out roads, contaminated buildings, contaminated water, gas leaks, broken glass, damaged electrical wiring, and slippery floors. ", "Never approach or attempt to help the animal yourself. Also, never corner wild animals or try to rescue them. Wild animals will likely feel threatened and may endanger themselves by dashing off into flood waters, fire, and so forth. Wild animals such as snakes, opossums, and raccoons often seek refuge from flood waters on upper levels of homes and have been known to remain after water recedes. If you encounter animals in this situation, open a window or provide another escape route and the animal will likely leave on its own. Do not attempt to capture or handle the animal. Should the animal stay, call your local animal control office or wildlife resource office. Animal carcasses can present serious health risks. Contact your local emergency management office or health department for help and instructions. If bitten by an animal, seek immediate medical attention.", "If you have any doubts about safety, have your residence inspected by a qualified building inspector or structural engineer before entering. If it looks like the building may collapse, do not enter the house, or if you have entered, leave immediately. Be aware of loose boards and slippery floors. Use a battery-powered flashlight to inspect a damaged home. The flashlight should be turned on outside before entering—the battery may produce a spark that could ignite leaking gas, if present. If you notice these, open a window and leave immediately. Turn off the main gas valve from the outside, if you can. Call the gas company from a neighbor's residence. If you shut off the gas supply at the main valve, you will need a professional to turn it back on. Do not smoke or use oil, gas lanterns, candles, or torches for lighting inside a damaged home until you are sure there is no leaking gas or other flammable materials present. If possible, turn off the electricity at the main fuse box or circuit breaker. If the situation is unsafe, leave the building and call for help. Do not turn on the lights until you are sure they're safe to use. You may want to have an electrician inspect your wiring. Then, unplug appliances and let them dry out. Have appliances checked by a professional before using them again. Also, have the electrical system checked by an electrician before turning the power back on. Check with local authorities before using any water; the water could be contaminated. Pump out wells and have the water tested by authorities before drinking. Do not flush toilets until you know that sewage lines are intact. The walls may collapse and the floor may buckle if the basement is pumped out while the surrounding ground is still waterlogged. Disinfect items that may have been contaminated by raw sewage, bacteria, or chemicals. Also clean salvageable items. all your insurance agent. Take pictures of damages. Keep good records of repair and cleaning costs." ], "summary": [ "Check for injuries Be aware of exhaustion. Be aware of new safety issues created by the disaster. Inform local authorities about health and safety issues, including chemical spills, downed power lines, washed out roads, smoldering insulation, and dead animals.", "Call your local animal control office or wildlife resource office if you encounter an injured or stranded animal. Let wild animals that have taken refuge in your home escape. Leave a dead animal alone.", "Walk carefully around the outside and check for loose power lines, gas leaks, and structural damage. Do not enter your home if you smell gas, if flood waters remain around the building, or if your home was damaged by fire and the authorities have not declared it safe. Enter the home carefully and check for damage. Pay attention for the smell of gas or hissing or blowing sounds. Check the electrical system unless you are wet, standing in water, or unsure of your safety. Turn off the electricity at the main fuse box or circuit breaker if the appliances are wet. Turn off the main water valve if pipes are damaged. Throw out all food and other supplies that you suspect may have become contaminated or come in to contact with floodwater. Pump water out of your basement if it is flooded, but do so gradually (about one third of the water per day) to avoid damage. Clean up household chemical spills. ." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Calculating Your Annualized Return", "Laying the Groundwork" ], "document": [ "Once you've calculated the total return (as above), plug the result into this equation: Annualized Return=(1+ Return)1/N-1 The outcome of this equation will be a number that corresponds to your return each year over the full span of time. In the exponent (the little number outside the parentheses), the “1” represents the unit we are measuring, which is 1 year. If you wish to be more specific, you could use “365” to capture a daily return. The “N” represents the number of periods that we are measuring. So, if you are measuring your return over 7 years, you would use the number 7 in the place of \"N.\" For example, suppose that over a seven-year period, your portfolio grew in value from $1,000 to $2,500. First, calculate your overall return: (2,500-1,000)/1000 = 1.50 (a return of 150%). Next, calculate your annualized return: (1 + 1.50)1/7-1 = 0.1399=13.99% annual return. That's all there is to it! Use the ordinary mathematical order of operations: do the operations inside the parentheses first, then apply the exponent, then do the subtraction. Now, let's say that you want to find semiannual returns (returns occurring twice a year, every six months) over the course of this seven-year period. The formula stays the same; you only need to adjust the number of periods that you are measuring. Your final result will be a semiannual return. In this case, you will have 14 semiannual periods, two per year over the course of seven years. First, calculate your overall return: (2,500-1,000)/1000 = 1.50 (a return of 150%). Next, calculate your annualized return: (1 + 1.50)1/14-1 = 6.76%. You can convert this into an annual return by simply multiplying by 2: 6.76% x 2 = 13.52%. You can also calculate the annualized equivalent of shorter returns. For example, imagine you only had a six-month return and wanted to know its annualized equivalent. Once again, the formula stays the same. Suppose over a six-month period, your portfolio increases in value from $1,000 to $1,050. Start by calculating your overall return: (1,050-1,000)/1,000=.05 (a 5% return over six months). Now if you wanted to know what the annualized equivalent would be (assuming a continuation of this rate of return and compounding returns), you would calculate the following: (1+.05)1/.50-1=10.25% annual return. No matter how long or short the period of time, if you follow the formula above, you will always be able to convert your performance into an annualized return.", "In discussing annualized portfolio returns, there are several key terms that will come up repeatedly and are important for you to understand. These are as follows: Annual Return: Total return earned on an investment over a period of one calendar year, including dividends, interest, and capital gains. Annualized Return: Yearly rate of return which is inferred by extrapolating returns measured over periods either shorter or longer than one calendar year. Average Return: Typical return earned per time period calculated by taking the total return realized over a longer period and spreading it evenly over the (shorter) periods. Compounding Return: A return that includes the results of re-investing interest, dividends, and capital gains. Period: A specific length of time chosen to measure and calculate return, such as daily, monthly, quarterly, or annually. Periodic Return: The total return of an investment measured over a specific length of time. Compounding returns are growth on the gains that you have already earned. The longer your money compounds, the faster it will grow, and the greater your annualized returns will be. (Think of a snowball rolling downhill, getting bigger faster as it rolls.) Let’s say you invest $100 and earn 100% on it your first year, leaving you with $200 at the end of year one. If you gain just 10% in the second year, you will have earned $20 on your $200 by the end of year two. However, if we say you earned just 50% during the first year, you would have $150 at the beginning of the second year. That same 10% gain in year two would earn 15 dollars rather than 20. This is a full 33% less than the 20 dollars you would have made in our first example. To further illustrate, let’s say you lost 50% in year one, leaving you with just 50 dollars. You would then need to earn 100% just to get back to even (100% of $50 = $50, and $50 + $50 = $100). The size and timing of gains play a huge role when accounting for compound returns and their effect on annualized returns. In other words, annualized returns are not a reliable measure of actual gains or losses. Annualized returns are, however, a good tool to use when comparing various investments against each other. To find the average of many things, such as daily rainfall or weight loss over several months, you can often use a simple average, or arithmetic mean. This is a technique you probably learned in school. However, the simple average does not account for the effect that each periodic return has on the others, or the timing of each return. To accomplish this, we can use a time-weighted geometric return. (Don’t worry, we’ll walk you through this formula!) Using a simple average doesn’t work because all periodic returns are dependent on each other. For example, imagine that you want to tabulate your average return on $100 over the course of two years. You earned 100% in the first year, meaning you had $200 at the end of year one (100% of 100 = 100). You lost 50% during the second, meaning you had $100 at the end of the second year (50% of 200 = 100). This is the same figure you started with at the beginning of year one. A simple average (arithmetic mean) would add the two returns together and divide by the number of periods, which in this example is two years. The result would suggest that you earned an average return of 25% per year. However, when you link the two returns, you can see that you actually earned nothing. The years cancel each other out. To start, you must calculate your total return over the full span of time you are assessing. For the purpose of clarity, we’ll use an example where no deposits or withdrawals were made. To calculate your total return, all you need is two numbers: the beginning portfolio value and ending value. Subtract your Beginning Value from your Ending Value. Divide this number by your Beginning Value. The resulting number is your Return. In the case of a loss in the period under scrutiny, subtract the ending balance from the beginning balance. Then, divide by the beginning balance and consider the result a negative value. (This latter operation is a substitute for needing to add algebraically a negative number.) Do the subtraction first, then the division. This will give you your overall percent of return. The formula for Total Return Rate = (Ending portfolio value- beginning portfolio value)/beginning portfolio value. The formula for Compound Rate of Return = POWER((1 + Total Return Rate),(1/years)) - 1. For example, if the beginning value of the portfolio was $1000 and its ending value was $2500 seven years later, the calculations would be: Total Return Rate = (2500-1000)/1000 = 1.5. Compound Rate of Return= POWER ((1 + 1.5),(1/7))-1 = .1398 = 13.98%." ], "summary": [ "Calculate your annualized return. Calculate semi-annual returns. Calculate an annualized equivalent.", "Know the key terms. Learn how compounding returns work. Use a time-weighted return to calculate your compound rate of return. Calculate your overall return. Know the Excel formulas for these calculations." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Creating a Woven Look", "Doing a Basic Wrap", "Tying Ribbon Diagonally" ], "document": [ "You will need four pieces of ribbon that are long enough to wrap around the box lengthwise, plus an additional 2 inches (5.08 centimeters). For a unique look, consider using two pieces of thin ribbon, and two pieces of slightly wider ribbon. You can also use two contrasting colors instead. Thick and/or wired ribbon is not a good choice. Use thin satin or balloon ribbon for best results. Use the same ribbon as in the previous step. This time, cut the ribbon long enough so that it can wrap around the box widthwise, plus 2 inches (5.08 centimeters). Take the four long ribbons, and set them down on the table. Make sure that they are parallel to each other and spaced no more than ¼ inch (0.64 centimeters) apart. If you used different widths and/or colors, be sure to alternate them. Place your gift face-down on the ribbons. The box can be centered or off-center, depending on where you want the ribbons to be. Wrap and tape each of the ribbons one at a time; do not tape all of them at once. Pull the ribbons firmly around the box so that they are nice and snug. The ribbon ends will overlap each other by about 1 inch (2.54 centimeters). Make sure that you are only taping the top ribbon to the bottom ribbon; don't tape the ribbons to the box itself. You can also use glue dots (found in the scrapbooking aisle of an arts and crafts store) instead of double-sided tape. Place a strip of double-sided tape onto the end of each of your short ribbon. Arrange the ribbons right above the first, long ribbon, making sure that the ends are perpendicular to it. Once again, keep the ribbons spaced no more than ¼ inch (0.64 centimeters) apart. Pull your short ribbons around to the front of the box. Weave the first one over and under across the first set of ribbons. Weave the next ribbon under and over, and so on. Continue weaving until you have woven all four ribbons. Flip the box over again. Secure a strip of double-sided tape to the end of each ribbon, then press the ribbons down one by one to the back of the box. Make sure that the ends of the ribbons match up. For a nicer touch, weave the short ribbons through the long ribbons on the back, just like you did for the front. The woven ribbons are part of the design. If you feel that your gift is lacking something, you can buy or make a matching bow, then secure it to the box. Instead of covering up all your hard work, set the bow off to the side so that the weaving is still visible.", "Leave about 4 to 8 inches (10.16 to 20.32 centimeters) hanging off the side for the tail of the bow. Do not cut the ribbon yet. It is better to leave more ribbon hanging off the side than too little. You can always cut it shorter later. Do not flip the box over, or you may lose your place. Instead, lift the box up and bring the rest of the ribbon behind it. Set the box back down once the ribbon comes out the other side. Bring the ribbon towards the middle of the box, then bring the shorter end to meet it. Twist the ribbons around each other so that they are oriented vertically. If your ribbon has a right and wrong side, you may have to twist it twice so that you don't see the wrong side of the ribbon. Lift the box up again. Pull the longer part of the ribbon behind the box and out the other side. Set the box down again. Place your thumb against the twisted part to keep it secure as you wrap the ribbon around the back. Bring your ribbon back towards the middle of the box. Measure it against the end of the ribbon from the beginning and cut it. Pull the ribbon across the front of the twisted part at an angle. Bring it under the twisted part, and back out the way you started. Pull on both ends of the ribbon to tighten the knot. Fold both end of the ribbon into loops. Cross the left loop over the right one to make a smaller loop in the middle. Pull the left loop through that smaller loop, then pull to tighten. Take a moment to adjust the loops and the tails. If you used a wired ribbon, you can fluff the loops up as well. For a fancier touch, cut the ends of the tails into angles or Vs.", "Leave about 4 to 8 inches (10.16 to 20.32 centimeters) hanging off of the left side of the corner. Keep the rest of the ribbon on the spool on the top edge. Take the spool-side of the ribbon and pull it behind the top right corner, down towards the bottom right corner. Keep your thumb over the ribbon on the top left corner so that it doesn't fall off. Keep the wraps nice and snug so that they don't slide off of the corners. At this point, it would be a good idea to take a moment to adjust the positions of the wrapped ribbons on each of the corners. If they look like they are slipping off, pull them further from the corners. Bring both ribbons towards the center of the top left corner. Measure the spool ribbon against the other ribbon, and cut it down to match. Cross the left ribbon over and under the right, then tug on both ends to tighten them. Fold both ribbons into loops, then cross the right one over the left—just like tying a shoe! Once the bow is tight and secure, snip off the excess ribbon at the tails. For a fancier touch, cut them at angles or into notches." ], "summary": [ "Cut four pieces of ribbon for the length of the box. Cut four pieces of ribbon for the width of the box. Set the first set of ribbons side-by-side down on the table. Set the box on of the ribbons around. Wrap the ribbons around the box and secure them with double-sided tape. Secure the next set of ribbons right above the first set. Flip the box over and weave the short ribbons through the first set of ribbons. Secure the ribbons to the back of the box. Add a decoration to the front, if desired.", "Drape the ribbon horizontally across the top of the box. Pull the rest of the ribbon under the box and back to the front. Cross the ribbons across the front of the box. Wrap the ribbon around the back of the box and back to the front. Measure the ribbon against the first piece and cut it. Wrap the ribbon under the twisted part. Tie the ribbon into a bow. Adjust the bow, then trim off the excess ribbon.", "Drape your ribbon across the top left corner of the box. Wrap the ribbon behind the top right corner. Wrap the ribbon across the bottom right corner and under the bottom left corner. Bring the ribbon back towards the top left corner. Cut off the excess ribbon. Cross and tie the ribbons. Cut off the excess ribbon." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Using Android", "Using a PC", "Using iOS", "Using a Mac" ], "document": [ " This option should have a horizontal ⋮ next to it. Doing so will remove your table immediately!", "If you aren't already signed in, enter your email address and password here. Your table should now be gone! Depending on the style of table, you may have to hover over \"Delete\" in order to view the \"Delete table\" option.", " Doing so should bring up the option to edit your document. This resembles a white pen in a blue circle in the bottom right corner of your screen. Your table should disappear immediately!", "If you aren't already signed in, you'll need to enter your email address and password to continue. You can also hold Ctrl while clicking the table. Your table should now be gone! Depending on the style of table, you may have to hover over \"Delete\" in order to view the \"Delete table\" option." ], "summary": [ "Open the \"Google Docs\" app. Tap the document you wish to edit. Tap anywhere on your table. Tap More. Tap Delete table.", "Navigate to Google Docs. Click the document you wish to edit. Right-click your document's table. Click Delete table.", "Open the \"Docs\" app. Tap the document you wish to edit. Tap your screen. Tap the edit icon. Tap your table. Tap Delete table.", "Navigate to Google Docs. Click the document you wish to edit. Use two fingers to click on your document's table. Click Delete table." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Focusing on Cheaper Healthy Ingredients", "Finding Deals on Healthy Groceries", "Making Food at Home", "Making Meal Plans" ], "document": [ "Not all healthy ingredients are expensive. In fact, many healthy ingredients are cheap. Take each category of food you need to buy, and figure out options in each one. For instance, in whole grains, you can try oatmeal, brown rice, bulgur, popcorn, and whole-wheat bread and pasta. For vegetables, pick ones like cabbage, leafy greens (like mustard greens, kale, or even broccoli), squash, carrots, and celery. In fruit, go for cheaper options, such as oranges, apples, and bananas. In the dairy section, reach for milk and plain yogurt in large containers. Milk and yogurt can be flavored at home at minimal cost. Keep in mind that you probably need less protein than you think in your diet. Making your proteins last across several meals will help both your budget and your diet. For instance, if you make a chicken dish one night, use the leftovers the next night to make a chicken soup. The night after that, use some of the chicken in tacos. Adult women under 30 only need 5 1/2 ounce-equivalents each day, while women over 30 only need 5 ounce-equivalents. Adult men under 30 need 6 1/2, while if you're 30 to 50, you need 6 ounce-equivalents and 5 1/2 if you're over 50. An \"ounce-equivalent\" is one ounce (28 grams) of meat (3 ounces of meat is about the size of a deck of cards). While you don't need to completely cut animal protein out of your diet, opting for plant-based protein sometimes can help cut costs. Try focusing meals around these vegetarian options, such as having beans and rice one night instead of chili. Some vegetarian equivalents to an ounce of meat include an egg, 1/4 cup (60 milliliters) of beans, peas, or lentils, 1/2 an ounce (14 grams) of nuts or seeds, a tablespoon (15 milliliters) of peanut butter, or 2 tablespoons (30 milliliters) of hummus. Extend your proteins with vegetables and complex carbohydrates. Combining a modest amount of meat with healthy extenders can make not only a healthier but also more filling meal. Consider: Stir fry Tacos Pasta dishes While you need to compare prices on foods, you should also compare labels for items you're buying, particularly if you're buying prepacked food of any kind. For instance, if you must have a box of macaroni and cheese, it's best to pick the healthiest one you can find. Look for foods low in sugar and sodium. You should be eating about 2,300 milligrams (1 teaspoon) of salt per day. Also, check for lower trans and saturated fat. Even the healthier fats should only be 20 to 30 percent of what you eat. Keep serving sizes to 400 calories or less. Also, check to see how many vitamins and minerals foods you purchase have.", "When fruits and vegetables are in season, they tend to cost less. Often, grocery stores will run sales on what's in season because they know customers expect certain fruits and veggies at certain times of the year. As an added bonus, when things are in season, they taste better. In fall, look for produce like pumpkins, winter squash, cabbage, and apples. In the winter, opt for winter squash, cabbage, and other root vegetables. Springtime is great for produce like beets, leafy greens, spring onions, and asparagus. Summer is a good time for watermelon, corn, and berries, just to name a few. You'll likely notice the cheapest produce prices in summer. Also, because produce is cheaper this time of year, you can buy extra and freeze it or can it yourself. While you may prefer fresh fruits and vegetables, you can often save money by opting for frozen or canned instead. These options have the same health benefits, though be sure to pick ones that don't have added sugar or salt. Check your proteins, too. Frozen chicken may be cheaper than fresh, and canned salmon and tuna is likely cheaper than fresh fish. Most grocery stores run weekly specials, which you can learn about through their weekly ads. When something is on sale, that's the time to stock up on it. Most protein can be frozen and saved for later, for instance, so if your store is running a sale on boneless, skinless chicken breasts, buy some to use and save for later. You probably already know to check for the lowest prices on the items you're buying. However, you may get stuck in a rut buying a certain brand and assuming it's the cheapest because it always has been. However, be vigilant, as prices change all the time. Occasionally there is a sale on a certain package size, or a discount on a run of product that changes what is the most affordable option. Look up and down, as grocery stores tend to put the most expensive items at eye level. Keep an eye on store brands-- they tend to be cheaper. While buying in bulk can come with a higher price upfront, it'll be cheaper overall. For instance, buying a large can of quick oatmeal is much cheaper than buying a box of the instant packets. Add some fresh fruit to create your own flavors. You can also buy some items in bulk bins at health food stores. Often these stores will have items like grains, beans, pastas, nuts, granolas, flours, and sugars. You can get just what you need, taking advantage of the cheaper prices without having to buy more than you need. Bulk items require timely use. Do not fall into the trap of buying an entire gallon of mayonnaise that you will never use up before it expires, or that bargain box of cereal that no one in the family will eat. Take advantage of coupons when you come across them. However, only use them for the foods you would buy anyway. If you're buying something you don't normally buy--even if it is inexpensive--you may be spending extra money for a product you do not want. You can find coupons online, as well as in the newspaper. You can also use a variety of coupon apps to save money. If you are low-income, you might qualify for SNAP or WIC. SNAP is the contemporary version of food stamps, and you get your assistance on a debit-type card. WIC is only for women with low income who have young children. Pregnant women also qualify. It's also more restrictive about what you can buy, but it can still help you afford healthy food. Visit your local SNAP office to apply in person, or you can apply online in many states. Check if you can apply online in your state at https://www.fns.usda.gov/snap/apply. To apply for WIC, contact your local WIC office. Sometimes, you can find cheaper produce at the farmer's market, though you must hunt for deals. Also, driving out to local farms to pick your own produce can make it cheaper, as well. Be ready to use what you buy, though, as farm-fresh produce doesn't tend to last as long as grocery market produce, which is bred and treated to last longer. However, you'll make up for it in flavor. Some farmer's markets even accept SNAP.", "Often, having a small garden or even a few potted plants can be a cheap way to get in the veggies you need. Try growing a tomato plant, for instance, or even just a few herbs on your window sill. You can buy pre-made snacks at the store that are a bit healthier than your average chips, such as veggie chips or fruit cups. However, they tend to be expensive, so making your own at home is a more affordable alternative. For example, try making kale chips. Wash and dry kale thoroughly. Chop or tear the leaves into large pieces. Toss them in olive oil, or spray them with cooking spray, and then spread them out on a large baking sheet in a single layer. Sprinkle salt and pepper on top and any other seasoning you want. Bake them at 350 degrees Fahrenheit (177 Celsius) until crispy (about 15 minutes). You can also make yourself individual cups of fruits and veggies. For instance, cut up oranges, apples, and grapefruit, and toss them with a tiny bit of honey. Spoon them into small reusable containers so you can grab them any time. You can do the same with veggies. Cut them into bite-sized pieces, and put them in reusable bags. Spoon out (homemade) hummus into individual containers to go with them. Stocks and broths are a great way to start out soups, but buying them in cans or cartons can get expensive. Plus, they're often loaded with extra sodium. Making your own at home results in better quality, and it's cheaper, too. You can even make a stock with your scraps. Save the bits of vegetables you have leftover, such as onion skins, the ends of carrots, and the tops of celery. When you eat a chicken, save the bones and the bits of meat. Freeze them in a bag until you have enough. When you do, throw them in a pot and cover them with water. Boil them (covered on low heat) for six to eight hours or until you have a stock with a flavor you like. Strain it, and your stock is ready. Once you have your stock, you can portion it out in small containers and freeze it. Lots of foods besides snacks and broths can be made cheaper at home. For instance, if you eat yogurt often, making your own yogurt might be a good option. For bread, consider investing in a bread making machine, so you can make your own bread at the push of a button.", "Making a meal plan will help you to only buy what you need and therefore stay under budget. If you don't already have healthy recipes you love, find some you like online, do some research with recipes books, or ask your friends for recommendations. One site you can try is the USDA's What's Cooking website (https://whatscooking.fns.usda.gov/). It has healthy recipes that you can use to plan meals. Don't forget to plan around your schedule. Opt for leftovers or quick meals on nights you're going to be busy. You may think that eating healthy means you need to try out a bunch of new trendy health foods. While these trendy foods may be healthy, that doesn't mean they're the only healthy foods. Stick to simpler ingredients that you know, even something as simple as a roasted chicken with vegetables and brown rice. You'll be more likely to keep eating healthy, and you'll save money at the same time. Once you've planned out your meals, create a list of the items you'll need. Sticking to a list (and not buying extras) can help you stay on budget, so you can afford healthier food. Meal planning isn't just for eating at home. It can help to make a plan before you go to a restaurant. Look over the menu if it's available online, and compare calorie counts. Many restaurants have the calorie counts available, but you can also use online calorie counters or websites. Consider choosing a healthy appetizer to save money. It will also keep the portion small. Opt for dishes with lean proteins paired with whole grains and lots of veggies. Choose veggies or fruit over fries, onion rings, or mashed potatoes. Ask for a take-out box when you get your food. Split it in half before you start eating, and put half in the box to take home. Splitting it up helps you control your portion and stretch your money." ], "summary": [ "Choose cheaper ingredients. Make your proteins last longer. Go vegetarian. Read labels.", "Pick what's in season. Check the prices on frozen and canned. Check out the weekly deals. Compare prices every time. Buy in bulk. Use coupons. Apply for SNAP or WIC. Find a farmer's market or local farms.", "Grow what you can. Create your own snacks. Boil up your own stocks and broths. Branch out into making other foods.", "Decide on your main meals for the week. Stick with what you know. Create your shopping list. Plan ahead when you eat out." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Trying Work and Lifestyle Modifications", "Trying Eye Exercises" ], "document": [ "Since the main culprit for eye strain is today's culture is time spent in front of a computer, a TV, a cell phone, or another device with a screen, finding alternatives such as reading a paper book rather than reading on your iPad can be a huge help. Also, to reduce the harmful effects of screen time that cannot be avoided (such as on your computer at work), try positioning the screen lower and using an anti-glare screen to diminish the strain on your eyes. If you are having continued eye strain that is bothering you in your day-to-day life, consult your physician. It is possible that you have a vision problem, or another eye condition, that may be contributing to the discomfort and/or tension you feel. It is always better to be safe rather than sorry, and to see a doctor to ensure that nothing more serious is going on (as well as to obtain appropriate medical treatment if needed).", "Do this sitting up to prevent yourself from falling asleep. Close them as tightly as you can to help your eyes relax. Hold this position for a few seconds, and then quickly open your eyes. Repeat it three to five times to help your eyes relax. After doing it quickly a few times, close your eyes very tightly and hold the pose for about a minute. Focus on your breathing to help you relax even further." ], "summary": [ "Limit screen time. See a doctor.", "Close your eyes." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Setting Up for a New Dog", "Tending to Your New Dog's Basic Needs", "Introducing Your New Dog to its New Home" ], "document": [ "Since you don’t know exactly how your new dog will act when you get it home, it’s best to remove all items that might be enticing for a dog to eat or destroy. For example, put all food and chemicals out of reach of a dog so that it doesn’t eat them and get sick. Also put fragile items away until you know how your new dog will act. Set up a space that has a bed and food and water dishes. This space will be for the dog as it gets used to its new home, so it should be an area that can be blocked off so the dog is kept there. Keeping the dog in this small space will help you keep and eye on it and will reduce how overwhelmed the dog may get from getting to know a large new home immediately on arrival. It’s a good idea for this area to have a hard, stain-resistant flooring, in case your new dog has an accident. Depending on your home, this could be a bathroom, a kitchen, or an extra room that doesn’t have a lot of fragile or precious items in it. When you bring a new dog home, bring along something that has its smell on it, such as a blanket, toy, or other item it has used. This smell will help the dog feel comfortable and calm as it adjusts to its new life. That way, even after you give the dog a bath, it will still have something that smells familiar. Ask the person you are dealing with during your dog adoption for an item that you can take with you, even if it's just a small toy. If your dog doesn't have an item like this, that is fine. However, it's a nice thing if it does. When you bring a new dog home it’s important to get its health assessed right away. Have a check up done within a week of having a new dog so that you can get any health conditions treated right away. If you don’t know what veterinarian to go to, ask friends, family, and the people who you adopted the dog from for suggestions in your area. During your first veterinary visit you should set up a vaccination schedule for the future.", "A new dog will feel most secure in its new home if it can depend on the same things happening every day. Walking it, feeding it, and putting it to bed at the same time will go a long way towards it feeling at home. A consistent schedule will also help it avoid having accidents in the house. Being fed at the same time and going out at the same time every day will allow its system to adjust quickly to its new life. When your dog gets home you can start training it after it has acclimated for a day or 2, even if it's a puppy as young as 8 weeks old. Begin with simple commands, such as \"sit.\" Say the word \"sit\" every time the dog does that action naturally and give it a treat. As the dog figures out that the action it is doing is connected to the treats and the verbal cue, it will begin doing it on command. As you dog learns add more commands, such as \"lie down,\" \"stay,\" and \"fetch.\"", "It can be overwhelming for a dog to meet a large number of people while it is adjusting to a whole new life. Instead, only have direct family members at home when the dog arrives and make sure that they give the dog some physical space while it adjusts. Tell potential visitors that they will need to wait at least a few days before meeting your new dog. Give it physical space and don’t get it excited by being loud or active. It’s best just to promote calmness and make activities as routine as possible. Don’t take the dog to a dog park or crowded street for a few weeks after getting it. You need to know how the dog is likely to react to these kind of environments before taking it to them. Don't overdo it with physical affection or playing right off the bat. If you tackle your dog in a way that it sees as beyond just playful rough housing, it might get defensive or aggressive." ], "summary": [ "Make your home safe for a dog. Create a small temporary space that the dog can be kept in. Provide items with familiar smells. Set up a preliminary veterinary appointment.", "Set a consistent daily routine. Start training your dog.", "Minimize the number of people your dog meets. Remain quiet and calm with the new dog." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Taking Care of Yourself", "Raising Children of Divorce", "Planning for the Future" ], "document": [ "Even if the process of your marriage coming to an end took several years, you still may experience a new, raw pain when the curtain finally closes. Know that it’s perfectly acceptable to grieve the end of your marriage—it was a very important relationship in your life. Just like any other type of grief, everyone grieves differently after divorce. You are the only one who gets to decide what that looks like or how long it takes. Grieving can take on many forms. You may cry, withdraw from friends or family, or find it difficult to get excited about interesting things happening in your life. All of this is normal. Supportive people may look different on any given day; you may find yourself looking to friends for a distraction while a support group may be best for relating to others who have been there too. There may be times where the best form of support is a distraction, that’s where a good group of friends comes in handy because they will probably be more than happy to find something fun to do if all you need to do is anything besides divorce “stuff”. Support groups can be a great place to really explore the feelings tied to the divorce since they usually have a set start and end time, allow that small block of time each week to dive into things and deal with the feelings. It is also a good way to form boundaries with others if you do not want to talk about it with them since you can nicely let them know you are attending a group to talk about things. You may find yourself feeling a variety of emotions, but going without eating or not keeping up with normal gym times will only make those feelings worse. The divorce process also often takes a lot of formal paperwork so being at your mental best is important. Many people simply forget to eat when under stress or the opposite they overeat to mask feelings. Try to remind yourself to eat a healthy diet to stay focused on what needs to be done and to stay healthy. Eating right also includes not falling into the trap of drinking more alcohol or depending on extra coffee to mask emotions or not sleeping. It is better to address the underlying issue instead of using some sort of substance to hide the cause. . Make sure you have outlets to relieve the stress that comes with getting a divorce. Stress management can cover a range of options, including meditation, listening to music, getting a massage at the spa, or playing with a pet. Make time daily, if possible, to do something that relaxes you and eases your stress. Self-medicating with alcohol, drugs or even too much caffeine is not managing your stress, it is just numbing it. Some people going through a divorce may stop eating, stop performing at work, and feel hopeless about the future. Depression is common during such an ordeal. A marriage and family therapist counselor can help you work through your emotions and venting by offering you personalized support without judgment, and they can help you sort out your life. Such a therapist can also help you sort through logistical details like talking about the divorce with your children or how to know when you're ready to start dating again. Your divorce lawyer may be able to refer you to a quality therapist who is experienced in working with people going through divorce.", "The children will handle the news better if they see that both of you are involved in the choice,even if that isn’t fully the case, and you will remain their parents regardless of the divorce. Before you have the talk with the children, take a bit of time together to decide how you will answer the questions about why you are divorcing. Both of you need to be on the same page about the “why” and not placing blame on one party or the other. They may often be fearful of what life is going to look like from now on, so be ready for a lot of logistical questions. Allow the children to ask you both anything, but also understand you may not have all the answers and that’s OK. They may want to know about where they will live in the future or if you will remarry. Those issues are not easily answered and you can always tell them you do not know yet. If they ask questions about why the two of you are divorcing, this is not the time to pour your heart out to them. They are not your support system, and they do not need to know details about what has happened. Even if you are not sure where everyone will end up living, reassure the children that they will be safe and have access to both parents. Security is a big part of their fear at this point, seeing that both parents are on the same page even if one moves physically out will help. Part of supporting the children through this process is also giving them the freedom to talk about it with you and with others if they need to. Feeling like they need to keep this “secret” can be very stressful for children, tell them who else you are telling so they know other adults they can talk to if they need to. Set clear boundaries as far as which parent is staying in the home and what time with either one of you will look like. As the children process this news, they need to know what to expect. This means being clear about what happens after one of you moves out and how your family will look going forward. The parent who moves out should not be staying over, for example, since this sends a mixed message. Of course, some married couples are able to eventually work things out, but this is not always the case. If you are trying to work things out, this should not be done in front of the children, in case it does not work. Your marriage is ending but you are both still adults, staying civil with the soon to be ex-spouse will make co-parenting easier. Your children may feel like they are stuck in the middle if they see one or both of you angry at the other. They need to know they do not need to make a choice as far as only “loving” one of you. In addition, it is not fair to them to say negative things about your spouse to them. During the transition, there may be times where things feel awkward, but they should never get to the point where either of you react out of anger or violence. Your spouse is no longer a love interest, but he or she will always be a parent. Focus on that. Neither parent should ask the children to supply details about the other parent like if he or she is dating anyone new or other non-essential details. That’s not related to the children and it’s not any of your business. The fact is, even after a divorce, you are still family because you share a child or children. Addressing the adjustment for the new dynamics or giving each member of the family time to openly talk about their feelings is a good use of family therapy. Children do need to understand this is not a time to force their parents back together, it is about moving forward with the new separation. The therapist may see the family all together or different variations of the group depending on what needs to be discussed.", "If you are a stay-at-home parent, explore what type of arrangement will support the household going forward. Depending on the divorce agreement, moving may or may not be an option. That is important to keep in mind if you are looking for a new job since you may need to stay in the local area. Even if you end up getting spousal support, you still need to learn how to manage household expenses on your own. Tracking how you spend your money will give you a better idea about areas that may need to change or be cut all together. Suddenly going from two incomes to one will change the disposable income. Mistakes in the settlement process can impact you far beyond the immediate future. That's why it's very important to thoroughly understand the process and your rights. . The divorce requires that you rethink the trajectory of your life completely. Choose a few goals to move towards over the next months and years, such as buying a home or going back to school. SMART goals are those that are specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and timely Get a sheet of paper and write out goals that meet these criteria. Then, come up with actionable steps you can take to reach them. Return to your goals on a regular basis to track your progress. After being a part of a couple for any length of time, you may find yourself a bit lost if you suddenly have free time. Trying a new hobby is a way to explore something new, and to meet new people without the pressure of dating too soon. A hobby is also a good distraction if you go from a full time parent to the children being gone part of the time; it gives you something to do as you get used to the free time. Even before you are ready to date again, you need to take time for yourself. With the responsibilities of marriage you may have sacrificed some of your previous passions. Perhaps you always wanted to go back to school. Or, you once enjoyed baking, but soon lost the energy to create complex recipes. Maybe you simple enjoyed reading yourself to sleep or practicing a certain religion. Consider a passion or pastime that you once enjoyed and consider trying it out again. Your divorce could represent a door opening for you to rediscover a long lost love. You may hear all sorts of advice about when you should date or “get back on the horse” so to speak, but your own personal feelings on the subject matter the most. Only get back out there when you have dealt with your divorce emotionally and mentally and feel capable of being a true partner in a new relationship. Here are some tips for getting back out there. Don't divulge too much information about yourself too soon. Spoon-feed on the details until you feel comfortable that the connection is going somewhere. Relax your expectations and decrease the pressure. Instead of dating to look for a long-term partner, just start off having a good time. Try creating an online profile. Casually messaging someone online might reduce some of your newly dating nerves. However, be sure to practice safe dating methods and protect yourself, if you decide to meet in-person." ], "summary": [ "Give yourself a span of time to mourn. Surround yourself with supportive people. Exercise and eat right. Manage your stress See a therapist, if needed.", "Break the news together. Encourage your child(ren) to ask questions. Don’t offer false hope. Be amicable with your spouse. Attend family therapy.", "Decide if you need to change jobs or get a job to increase income. Develop a personal budget to track your expenses. Set SMART goals Get a hobby. Revisit old passions. Take as much time as you need before dating again." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Providing Food and Shelter", "Choosing and Handling a Donkey", "Keeping Your Donkey Healthy" ], "document": [ "Barley straw (the stalk of the plant after the grain has been harvested) is a great option for this and means they can happily munch for hours on end without gaining weight. a morning and evening 'bucket feed'. You should avoid feeding your donkey any cereals or grains such as oats, barley, wheat and corn (maize). These products are too high in starch and sugar and have been implicated in the development of diseases such as laminitis in donkeys, as well as a leading cause of obesity. Its hard to say specifically how much grass a pair of donkeys needs as grazing can vary so much. Grass should be considered an additional to straw, rather than making up the majority of their diets. Donkeys always need to have something to nibble on so make sure you keep an adequate supply of straw available at all times. During the winter, when the grass is dead, or at other times of year when there's not enough grass, you can supplement your donkey's diet with meadow hay. This needs to be good quality in terms of being clean, well produced and mould-free, late-cut hay may be better as it is higher in fibre and lower in sugar. Avoid alfalfa unless you have a pregnant or nursing mare, or other special need animals. Make sure it's not old or spoiled, or your donkey could become sick. If you can afford chaff with additives that target hooves, coats, and so on, you may want to investigate the options available. Chaff tends to be suitable for older donkeys with teeth troubles, convalescing donkeys and nursing donkeys. Be careful not to overfeed your donkey. Donkeys become ill with life-threatening diseases when they eat too much protein and other nutrient-rich food. Donkeys evolved in the arid and semi-arid areas of the Middle East and North Africa, and as a result can get all the nutrients they need from high fibre, scrubby pasture. When grass is too rich or abundant (think dairy or horse pasture), you might have to limit the area available to them to prevent them from eating too much and gaining too much weight. Rigging up a safe, movable electric fence will allow you to portion off the field and restrict the amount they can eat. Move the fence regularly to give them a little bit of fresh grazing. As stated above, donkeys put on weight easily, so be careful with the treats. Give no more than a handful of any treat at a time. Apples, carrots and bananas (skins on) are ideal. Scraps from your kitchen are not a good idea as donkeys will have trouble digesting anything from the brassica family (broccoli, cauliflower etc.), potatoes, onions and many more. Fresh or dried mint leaves make a great treat. Donkeys need a simple, healthy diet and this doesn't include things like toast, biscuits or cakes. Steer clear of highly processed, sugary human and equine snacks for donkeys. Here are a few supplements your vet may recommend: An equine specific salt/mineral licking-block may be helpful, but check with your vet first. Chose one that doesn't contain molasses, otherwise they will just be licking the block for the sweet sugar taste. High fibre cubes—may be fed to donkeys needing to gain a little weight, try to find one targeted specifically for donkeys (you may be out of luck here depending where you live), or a second best would be one for good-doers and ponies. {\"smallUrl\":\"https:\\/\\/www.wikihow.com\\/images\\/thumb\\/9\\/98\\/65774-13.jpg\\/v4-460px-65774-13.jpg\",\"bigUrl\":\"\\/images\\/thumb\\/9\\/98\\/65774-13.jpg\\/aid65774-v4-728px-65774-13.jpg\",\"smallWidth\":460,\"smallHeight\":345,\"bigWidth\":\"728\",\"bigHeight\":\"546\",\"licensing\":\"<div class=\\\"mw-parser-output\\\"><p>License: <a rel=\\\"nofollow\\\" class=\\\"external text\\\" href=\\\"https:\\/\\/creativecommons.org\\/licenses\\/by-nc-sa\\/3.0\\/\\\">Creative Commons<\\/a><br>\\n<\\/p><p><br \\/>\\n<\\/p><\\/div>\"} Freeze-dried grass—may be a useful supplement for some ill, underweight donkeys to get them back on form, make sure it is pesticide-free, and never feed a donkey grass clippings as the type of grass may be harmful to the donkey. Be cautious feeding freeze dried grass in any quantity as the high sugar levels could be dangerous to a healthy animal and trigger the painful hoof disease called laminitis. Protein pellets/cubes—these pre-made pellets contain essential nutrients; they're useful for nursing mothers with foals or for donkeys living through very cold winters that might need a boost. Otherwise, this feed is too rich for everyday purposes. Never substitute with pellets meant for a different animal (e.g. poultry pellets); some pellets contain meat and this is poisonous to donkeys. Carrots—what ungulate (hoofed animal) doesn’t love a carrot? Set up a water trough or bucket and keep it full of fresh, unfrozen water at all times. Make sure it doesn't leak onto the floor of the donkey's shelter, since they need a completely dry floor for their hooves. Don’t forget to check in winter to see whether it has frozen over; if it has, you’ll need to clear the ice away, or equip the tank with a heater. Older donkeys will really appreciate a drink of warm water in the winter. Donkeys originated in a desert climate. They prefer warmer weather but are very hardy, provided they are given adequate accommodation. Donkeys do not like wind or rain and will seek shelter from both. Unlike horses, rain seeps into a donkey’s coat and makes life unbearable. The shelter doesn’t need to be elaborate, as long as it is adequate and provides the protection a donkey seeks. A shed, lean-to or barn with hard wooden floors is ideal. Make sure the floors are hard and dry. Donkeys have porous hooves that can become diseased when they stand in wet areas for too long. In a temperate climate, provide a shelter which consists of a minimum of three walls, with adequate backspace to get out of the rain and wind. This might be a shed, a stable or even a small barn. Put straw on the ground for comfort and warmth, especially in the cooler months of the year. In a climate with severe winter (temperatures below freezing and featuring ice, snow and freezing gales), you must provide a donkey with barn accommodation. The barn should be snug; plug up any gaps that let draughts through to prevent the donkey from catching chills. A winter barn should also have adequate space for exercise, in case the donkey does not like being taken outside at all while snow rests on the ground. To avoid possible contamination or worm problems, always keep a donkey’s feed area clean. Remove mud, wash food buckets daily and keep hay in a string basket attached to a wall (a hay-net), off the floor. Keep the shelter clean by mucking it out at least every other day to remove the donkey's waste and hay. Spray down the floor and walls and allow them to completely dry out before the donkey uses the shelter again.", "When you're picking out a donkey, it's important to take these factors into consideration. Male and female donkeys have different temperaments, and there are miniature, standard and giant-sized donkeys which are as big as standard horses. Figure out which type is the right fit for your needs before you decide which one to bring home. If you plan to keep your donkey as a pet, choose a gelding (a castrated male) or a jenny (a female). If you plan to breed your donkey, you'll need a jack (an intact male) and one or more jennies. Don't get a jack if you just want a pet and don't keep a jack with other male donkeys, since they'll fight. If you plan to ride your donkey, make sure it's big enough to handle your weight. A donkey can safely carry 20% of its body weight. Also, just like mule, horse or camel, make sure they are not sick or injured, because this could make it worse If you plan to use your donkey as a guard animal against predators, such as wolves or dogs, choose a standard or giant donkey, not a miniature. It's important that the donkey be larger than the predator. If this is your first time handling a donkey, you'll want to choose one who already knows how to stand and walk on a lead without bolting. You may also want to make sure the donkey can handle being petted all over its body and will allow you to lift its feet without trouble. Donkeys can be a little tricky to train, so unless you're experienced with them, it's a good idea to choose one that is fairly well behaved or find a friend to help you. Donkeys are extremely social creatures and they get sad when they're left all alone in the pasture. Your donkey will be a lot happier with a companion. Two jennies, two geldings or a jenny and a gelding make good companions for each other. Donkeys will bond deeply with their companions for life, and they won't want to go anywhere without each other. Donkeys can bond with horses but if you ever plan to take the horse somewhere without the donkey, it's not advisable to allow them to create a deep bond. The donkey will become upset when you remove the horse from the pasture. It's better to keep them in separate enclosures. Donkey have very specific dietary needs, and if kept with other species are likely to become overweight and unwell. Donkeys and dogs don't make good companion animals unless they're raised together from the time they are babies. If using the donkey as a herd guardian, get only one so that it bonds to the herd rather than the other donkey. Donkeys should not be harshly punished. Practice gentleness and patience when you're trying to lead them or teach them something new. They aren't stubborn, but they need time to process situations before deciding what to do, and they dislike being hurried or forced to act. Pet your donkey, speak in soothing tones, and don't raise your voice or be forceful. In order to stay fit and healthy, they need daily exercise. They'll exercise themselves if they have a large enough pasture to roam around. You can also take your donkey for a walk using a long rope lead. Remember that it's not a good idea to ride your donkey unless it's large enough to support your weight. Let your donkey get extra exercise in winter. If you have to shut your donkey up during winter, you will need to let it out every few days for exercise. If you can allow the donkey to wander around the barn in between outdoor outings, this would be ideal. Don’t force a donkey that hates snow to go out into the elements; provide this animal with an alternative indoor exercise area. Keep a coat on the donkey if you’d like during winter outings to prevent chills; donkeys can get pneumonia or bronchitis if subjected to rain or very cold weather.", "The best way to clean donkeys is to brush them every day. They don't like to get wet, so it's not necessary to spray them down or give them baths. A daily brushing, as well as cleaning the muck from their hooves, will suffice. Donkeys' hooves grow, just like people's nails, and they need to be trimmed from time to time so they don't get too long and crack. Have a professional farrier trim the donkey's hooves to the appropriate angle, which is 60 to 65 degrees. The donkey's hooves should be trimmed every 8 weeks or so. Donkeys' teeth also grow continuously, and they get worn down when the donkey chews food. Your donkey should be seen by an equine dentist every year regardless of how the teeth appear to you. Your donkeys teeth go back as far as the length of your forearm, so there is no way to know what is going on at the back of the mouth without specialist tools. The dentist will need to check right to the back of the mouth to make sure your donkey has functioning teeth that aren't causing difficulty eating and constant pain. A donkey with poor teeth may be happier on a diet of chaff or mash/wet feed – this will obviate the need for the donkey to chew too much on grass or hay. Consult with your vet as to the best options. Donkeys are hardy and almost disease-free. They do need to be vaccinated yearly against tetanus, flu and distemper. Other vaccinations to consider, depending on where you reside, include rabies, encephalitis, and West Nile Virus. Both horses and donkeys are beginning to suffer due to overzealous use of wormers in the past, as now the worms aren't responding as they used to and the drugs are becoming more and more inefficient. There is no easy answer to this, but the way forward is definitely not continuing on with the same pattern of untargeted worming that has caused the situation to arise. Donkeys and horses should be have their feces tested four times a year to see what (if any) worms they have and then appropriate treatment can be given. Ask your vet to give you guidance on this, and also ask for a follow up check to make sure the treatment worked. Minimizing the number of larva that are eaten is a practical way to help combat the number of intestinal worms in your donkey. 'Poo picking' the grazing at least 3 times a week has been found to significantly reduce the number of worms on the pasture." ], "summary": [ "Donkeys' main food sources should be low sugar and high fibre. Donkeys need to eat little and often (like other equines) and don't do well if fed large amounts of food in one go i.e. Donkeys are happier with plenty of space to roam around and graze, which they do for the majority of the day. A great alternative to lush pasture is having a dirt paddock, or a non-grazing area, such as a concrete yard, or a sand school. Give appropriate treats. Donkeys are vegetarian and should never be fed anything derived from meat or fish. Check with your vet about dietary supplements; these may be recommended depending on the soil type of your particular region. Provide clean, fresh water. Set up a dry shelter with hard floors. If you chose to put a rug on your donkey for the winter (seriously cold weather, or an elderly/thin donkey) then make sure you take the rug off, check for rubs and replace every day. Keep the feeding area clean.", "Pick a donkey of the right size, sex and temperament. Make sure the donkey has basic training. Keep more than one donkey if you can. Be gentle with your donkey. Let your donkey exercise every day.", "Brush the donkey regularly. Keep the hooves dry and trimmed. Check the teeth for sharp edges. Keep vaccinations up–to-date. Donkeys, like horses can get intestinal worms. Keeping the pasture and barn as free from waste as possible will help to break the life cycle of the worm as they need to live for a certain amount of time outside the donkey before being ingested." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Controlling Your Dreams", "Inducing Nightmares" ], "document": [ "As you fall asleep, try to think of an image or concept that causes fear or anxiety. If you attempt this every night, you have a good chance of dreaming about the subject of your thoughts. You may be able to make your dreams or nightmares beneficial if you have a problem to solve that is causing you anxiety; your brain may continue to \"work on\" the problem while you sleep, possibly providing insight during a dream. While inducing a nightmare on a given night may be helped by moderate sleep disruption, repeating that day after day may greatly reduce the number of dreams you have. Stay well-rested, and you will spend more time in the deeper, restful REM period of sleep, in which most lengthy dreams occur. REM is short for Rapid Eye Movement, which describes the behavior of people sleeping during this period of sleep. Instead of getting up immediately, lie awake and try to remember or \"replay\" your dreams. If nothing comes to mind, try to examine your own emotions. If you wake up anxious or exhilarated, focusing on those feelings may help you remember a nightmare. Every human dreams each time they fall asleep for an extended period of time, but many of these dreams go unremembered. Try to write your dreams in a notebook by your bed as soon as you wake up, before you forget them, to help them stick in your memory. Write down any dreams you remember, not just your nightmares, as the habit may help you remember later dreams. . In a lucid dream, the dreamer is aware that she is dreaming. This often results in a more vivid or memorable dream, and sometimes, but not always, allows the dreamer to shape the course of events to some extent. While there are many ways to encourage lucid dreaming, you can start with two simple steps: Focus on the concept of dreaming as you fall asleep, or about a particular topic to dream about. Choose the same topic each night for at least two weeks. Look for \"reality checks\" during the dream and your waking hours. Many people find that clocks or text in dreams can't be read clearly, or will look different each time. Try checking the time or reading a sign throughout the day as a \"dream check,\" and you may notice yourself doing the same thing to identify that you are dreaming.", "A study from Hong Kong Shue Yan University shows that people who sleep face down are more likely to have dreams about being tied up, smothered, and other nightmarish themes. Note that this may also increase the likelihood of erotic or sexual dreams, so you may not receive the desired effect. If you cannot get to sleep on your stomach, the next most \"nightmarish\" sleeping position may be lying on your back, followed by lying on your left side. While eating spicy, salty, or fatty foods are commonly believed to cause nightmares, scientists are divided over the exact effect of these substances. Some argue that the disruption of your sleep cycle may even slow down the onset of dreaming, potentially resulting in fewer dreams or nightmares. Others think they may increase dream intensity, at least in some people, and suggest that each person pay attention to his own body's response. Try watching a horror movie, playing a scary video game, or reading ghost stories before bed. If you have a specific fear or anxiety, look at images of it or simply lie in bed imagining a \"nightmare scenario.\" Aim to make yourself only slightly scared or anxious. If you are terrified out of your wits, you are unlikely to fall asleep in the first place. While the effect of vitamin B6 on dreams is not thoroughly studied, many people swear by its ability to increase the vividness of dreams. One study suggests that it may be effective, either due to an effect on the dreaming process itself, or an enhancement of your ability to remember dreams. Including vitamin B6 from both food and supplements, daily intake should not exceed 60 mg for children 9–13 years old; 80 mg for teenagers 14–18 years old; or 100 mg for adults 19 years or older. Some people report having more vivid or bizarre dreams when taking melatonin, which may give you a new dream experience even if they are not outright nightmares. At least one study supports this idea, suggesting that dreams involving transformations are especially likely to occur under melatonin. Melatonin is typically taken in doses of 1–20mg, and rarely causes health problems. However, due to interactions with other medications, possible negative effects during pregnancy, and the chance of an allergic reaction, you may wish to consult a doctor before taking melatonin. Caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine can all disrupt your sleep cycle. This can potentially cause nightmares if taken in small quantities. However, ingesting any of these substances in too large a quantity can disrupt your sleep too much. Reduce your intake of these substances if you have difficulty falling asleep in the first place, if you wake up repeatedly in the night, or if you feel tired after waking up. These are all signs that you may be getting less restful sleep, which may reduce the amount you dream. If you rarely or never consume these substances, the effect is likely to be more potent than you expect. It is not recommended that you begin taking these drugs solely to induce nightmares." ], "summary": [ "Think of a topic to dream about. Sleep for eight hours or more each night. Lie in bed after waking up. Write down your dreams to increase the odds of remembering them. Try to cause lucid dreaming", "Sleep face down. Try eating certain foods before bed. Scare yourself slightly before going to bed. Consider taking vitamin B6. Try taking melatonin. Take certain substances in moderation." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Identifying Large Beetles", "Checking for Basic Features of a Beetle", "Identifying Small Beetles" ], "document": [ "A click beetle, also known as Elateridae, can snap the front and back sections of its body together to make a clicking sound, and it can also use this motion to flip itself over if it gets stuck on its back. Click beetles are black or dark brown, and they have grooved sections running down their backs. An adult click beetle may be between 0.5 to 1.5 in (1.3 to 3.8 cm) long. This beetle is common all over the world and there are over 900 species of click beetles in North America alone. Ground beetles are black with grooves on their backs, and they produce a strong odor. They usually hang out under logs and leaves, but they may wander into your house through a crack or open window. These beetles move quickly, so it might be hard to get a close look. Keep in mind that these beetle are harmless. They eat other insects, but will not bite you or your pets. These are called longhorn beetles because their antennae are reminiscent of longhorn cattle. The antennae may be straight, curved, or half and half. Longhorn beetle coloring can range from black, brown, green, yellow, red, or a combination of these colors. There are 413 species of longhorn beetles in Texas alone, but they all share the distinguishing feature of long antennae. If the beetle has a rounded head with a scoop neck shape around the base of it, then it is most likely a mealworm. Despite the name, these are actually beetles. Mealworms usually live outdoors, but you may find them infesting containers of flour and other dried grains. Keep your grains in air-tight containers to prevent an infestation. If you look closely at an oldhouse borer, you may notice small gray hairs on its back. You may also be able to make out 3 dark eyes on each side of the beetle’s mouth. These beetles usually turn up in a house about 4 to 7 years after it has been built.", "Beetles have wings, but they are covered by 2 hard wing coverings. This is what gives a beetle its distinctive hard-shelled look. The hardened wing coverings on a beetle’s back are also the reason why a beetle will make a crunching sound if you accidentally step on one. If the insect is a beetle, its wings should not be visible unless the coverings are lifted up and the wings are extended. Beetles have sharp mandibles (chewing mouthparts) so they can consume other insects, plant matter, fungus, and decaying plants and animals. Look at the underside of the insect’s mouth to see if they have sharp-looking mouthparts. If the insect has a long, straw-like protrusion, then it is not a beetle. Beetles have 6 legs distributed between their front and back body segments. When they are in their larval stage, the legs are all on the front of a beetle’s body. Otherwise, the legs are spread between the front and back segments. Count the insect’s legs and check their location to determine if it is a beetle. If the insect has 4 legs, 8 legs, or more, then it is not a beetle.", "This is most likely a black carpet beetle. These beetles are usually black or very dark brown and their bodies are oval shaped. They range in size from 0.12 to 0.19 inches (0.30 to 0.48 cm). Varied color carpet beetles are similar to black carpet beetles. These are very small (0.12 in (0.30 cm)) beetles with bright yellow and green markings. These beetles are 0.25 in (0.64 cm) long. They feed on tree leaves, especially on elm tree leaves, and they lay their eggs on the undersides of leaves as well. Elm leaf beetles can damage trees if they get out of control, so you may need to manage them with pesticides. These are also known as lady beetles and in some countries, ladybirds. Their bodies may be yellow, orange, or red with black markings, but they can also be black with red, orange, or yellow markings. There are over 450 species of lady beetles in North America alone. Larder beetles are black beetles that are known to infest cured ham. They have a whitish, silver streak running across their back and they are oval-shaped. Be sure to keep ham covered when it is out, and put it in the refrigerator to store it. Bark beetles are only about 0.12 in (0.30 cm) and they are common around piles of firewood. Bark beetles may also infest live trees, which may die as a result of a bark beetle infestation. Bark beetle infestations create dry, dead wood, which intensifies forest fires. The coloring of these beetles may range from brown to reddish brown, and they are around 0.1 to 0.14 in (0.25 to 0.36 cm) long. These beetles infest packaged food. If the head is so far bent over that the beetle has a hump, then it is likely a cigarette beetle. These are almost identical to drugstore beetles but they appear to be hunchbacked. These are also known confused flour beetles. These beetles feed on corn flour and other packaged products. Make sure to keep your corn flour and other flours in air-tight containers to protect them from these pests. Weevils are only about 0.12 in (0.30 cm) and brown with a pointed head that resembles a beak. Their bodies are long and slender. Weevil infestations in rice and other grains are common. These pests can chew right through paper and plastic, so it is best to keep any loose grains and flour in air-tight glass, metal, or hard plastic containers. These beetles are only about 0.12 in (0.30 cm) long. Their favorite foods to infest and eat are sunflower seeds and nuts, but they can also infest large quantities of grains. Sawtoothed grain beetles are more likely to get into the food supply if the bins are not sanitized at least every 6 months." ], "summary": [ "Identify a click beetle by a narrow, long body and a clicking sound. Watch for a fast moving beetle with a strong smell to spot a ground beetle. Check for longhorn beetles with long-antennae hanging out around dead trees. Inspect the head of the beetle for a scoop shape to see if it’s a mealworm. Identify an oldhouse borer by white spots on its wings and enlarged leg segments.", "Look for 2 hard wing coverings on the insect’s back. Check for chewing mouth parts on the underside of its head. See if the insect has 6 legs.", "Check for a black body with an elongated abdomen to identify a carpet beetle. Look for green and black stripes on an elm beetle. Identify ladybugs by a brightly-colored, rounded body and black spots. Protect your ham from larger beetles. Watch for cylindrical-shaped bark beetles around firewood. Identify drug store beetles by lines on the wing covers and a slightly bent head. Check for rust beetles with a rust-colored, flattened body with clubbed antennae. Inspect your rice and grains for long-beaked beetles called weevils. Look for protrusions on the sides of a saw-toothed beetle’s thorax." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Maintaining Battery Health", "Selecting a Battery", "Making a Purchase" ], "document": [ "Don’t wait until your car battery is dead and needs to be replaced to buy a new one. Consult your automobile’s maintenance guide or check online to find out how often you should replace your battery. Adhere to the maintenance guide’s recommendations and change your battery as needed. At least once each year, visit your local mechanic. Have them check the battery to ensure it is still operating properly. If it is not, replace it with a new battery. These annual visits should begin after your vehicle is two years old if you live in a warm climate, or after your vehicle is four years old if you live in a colder climate. After buying a new car battery, you’ll need to discard your old one. Don’t just throw it in the bin, though. Contact your local auto garage and find out if they accept old batteries. If they don’t ask, for information regarding how to dispose of your battery responsibly.", "Different cars require different amounts of power and differently sized batteries. Check your vehicle’s maintenance guide for information regarding what sort of batter your vehicle requires. If you no longer have the maintenance guide, take your car to a mechanic for assistance in identifying the type of battery your vehicle needs. Additionally, buy a battery appropriate for your local climate. Hot-weather batteries are often labeled “S” or “South.” Cold-weather batteries might be labeled “N” or “North.” If you drive off-road, you might want to invest in an battery that is better able to endure constant vibrations. Maintenance-free batteries are sealed and require no special attention. Most car batteries are maintenance-free, but some require periodic filling with water. Whenever possible, save yourself future hassle by purchasing a maintenance-free battery. Car batteries are tested by consumer organizations and auto enthusiasts. Check a consumer reporting site or auto blog based in your nation for information about the types of car batteries sold there. Batteries should be rated based on their longevity and power. Even when stored, batteries can lose strength. Always buy a new battery that was produced within the last six months. Some car batteries have dates labeled on them in an easy-to-understand way. Others, however, will have a date in a kind of code, in which A stands for January, B stands for February, and so on. (The letter “I” is excluded in such a system.)", "You could buy online, or you could shop at a physical auto parts store. Since shipping a battery can be prohibitively expensive, your best bet is to buy a battery at a physical store. Doing so will also make it easier to make a return, if necessary. Plus, buying a battery at an store often includes free installation. Compare the price of car batteries sold at different shops. If possible, browse prices online or call the shop to find out how much they charge for the type of batteries you need. Doing so will save you time and effort. Before leaving the auto store, be sure that the battery you’ve purchased is the right one for your car. Auto shop employees should be able to look up the make and model of your car to determine if you’re buying the right battery." ], "summary": [ "Buy a car battery proactively. Test your battery annually. Recycle your old battery.", "Buy the right battery for your car. Buy a maintenance-free battery. Buy a battery that has good reviews. Don’t purchase old batteries.", "Decide how to buy. Shop around. Confirm you’ve got the right part." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Installing the Herobrine Mod (Android)", "Installing the Herobrine Mod (iOS)" ], "document": [ "This is a free app that manages mod files so that they can be loaded into Minecraft PE. It is not possible to summon Herobrine without installing a mod. BlockLauncher only works with the paid version of Minecraft PE downloaded from the Google Play Store. Note that the mod described in this method does not currently work with version 0.10.0. One of the most popular sites is mcpedl.com. Because these are user created mods, there will likely be several to choose from, all with differing functions. One of the most highly-rated Herobrine mods on mcpedl.com is \"Lord Herobrine\". Another popular Herobrine mod is Herobrine/Holy Mod by mclover521. The instructions for installing both mods are the same. Find the download link to download the .js file to your Android device. Find the download link to download the .zip file to your Android device. You should see a \"BlockLauncher\" option on the main menu. Tap it to open the BlockLauncher menu. This will allow you to load the Herobrine Texture Pack. Tap \"Texture Pack\". Tap \"Select\". Open the \"Download\" folder. Select the .zip file that you just downloaded. Select \"Manage ModPE scripts\". This will allow you to load the Herobrine script file. Tap the \"Import\" button. Select \"Local storage\" from the list of options. Select your \"Download\" folder from the list of options. Tap the .js file that you downloaded. This will load the Herobrine mod into Minecraft PE. Now that you've loaded the Herobrine mod, you can summon Herobrine in your Minecraft game. Gather your materials. You'll need two Gold Blocks, two Netherrack Blocks, and Flint and Steel. Stack the Gold Blocks on top of each other. Stack the Netherrack Blocks on top of the Gold Blocks to make a pillar. Use the Flint and Steel to start a Fire on top of the Netherrack. You will receive a message indicating that Herobrine has been summoned to your world.", "There is no way to install mods on a device that is not jailbroken. Jailbreaking your iOS device can be tricky and may cause your phone to stop working or void your warranty. Click here for instructions on attempting to jailbreak your iOS device. Currently, the only Herobrine mods available for iOS are downloaded through Cydia. Many require that Winterboard be installed as well. Note: If you find a Herobrine mod online as a .deb file, you can install it using iFile, which is available on Cydia. This still; requires a jailbroken iOS device. There will likely be several to choose from. Find one with good reviews, or look up YouTube videos to see which one you like the best. Different Herobrine mods will have different features. Use the download link on the Cydia page to download and install the mod through the Cydia package manager. Some mods require you to apply a Winterboard theme in order for the mod to work. To do so, launch Winterboard and then tap the Herobrine mod entry until a blue checkmark appears. You will then need to respring or reboot your device. When you launch Minecraft PE, your Herobrine mod will be installed. The summoning method for Herobrine varies depending on the mod (many just risking the regular Zombie enemies to be Herobrine, so you don't actually summon it)." ], "summary": [ "Download and install the BlockLauncher app. Visit a Minecraft PE mod site. Search for a Herobrine mod. Tap the \"Download Script\" link at the bottom of the page. Tap the \"Download Texture Pack\" link. Start Minecraft PE. Select \"Launcher Options (Requires restart)\". Restart Minecraft PE and open the BlockLauncher menu again. Summon Herobrine.", "In order to install mods, your iOS device MUST be jailbroken. Open Cydia. Search for a Herobrine mod. Install the mod. Apply the Winterboard theme. Start Minecraft PE." ] }

{ "section_name": [], "document": [], "summary": [] }

{ "section_name": [], "document": [], "summary": [] }

{ "section_name": [ "Adjusting Your Shampooing Routine", "Using At-Home Remedies" ], "document": [ "Apply a small, quarter-sized amount of shampoo to your palms and work it into a lather. Then, apply the shampoo to your scalp and massage vigorously with your fingertips. Then, work the lather through your hair and rinse. Rinse hair thoroughly so no shampoo is left behind. Washing your hair should take about five minutes. Even though greasy hair looks and feels dirty, washing your hair every day will make your hair more greasy because shampoo strips hair of its nutrients and natural oils, causing your scalp to produce even more oil. Wash your hair every 2-3 days at the very most. This gives your hair enough time to replace the natural oils, so you're not producing an excess. If you usually shampoo your hair every day, it may take a few months for your scalp to stop overproducing oil after you change your shampoo habits. Use dry shampoo on the days you don't wash your scalp to help absorb excess oil as you transition. In addition to not shampooing every day, use a high-quality, gentle cleansing shampoo. Shampoos that are aggressive tend to irritate hair follicles, causing the scalp to produce more oil. Common irritants include sulfates like sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium laureth sulfate, as well as silicones like dimethicone and cyclomethicone. You can find silicone and sulfate-free hair products in most drug stores, as well as specialty beauty and hair-care stores. Shampoos with salicylic acid, selenium sulfide, or ketoconazole are good for greasy hair. Salicylic acid helps reduce oil on the scalp. Oily hair does not need to be conditioned often. Condition every other time you wash or just once a week. Only use conditioner on the tips of your hair instead of the roots, where grease gathers more easily. Apply it by squeezing your conditioner into your palms and scrunching it into the ends of your hair. The best dry shampoos for greasy hair come in a powder form. Try not to use liquid dry shampoos. Massage the dry shampoo powder in your hair and on your scalp between washes to soak up grease and leave hair smelling fresh, but don’t use them more than once a day. It can be difficult to resist washing your hair after working out, but when your hair is wet with sweat, you do not need to wash it to feel clean again. Just rinse your hair in the shower to remove the salts from your sweat and use a bit of conditioner on your ends to detangle if necessary. If you don't have access to a shower, you can also use a spray bottle to wet your hair and blow-dry it instead of washing. Many hair products have silicone in them, which causes hair to be heavy and greasy. Try using fewer hair styling products in general. If you must use products, avoid ones with silicone. After one month, your hair should be less greasy from adjusting your shampooing methods. If changing your habits does not help at all, try seeing a dermatologist, who will most likely prescribe you shampoo or medication to reduce oil.", "Apple cider vinegar helps balance the pH level of your scalp. To use this method, mix 2 tablespoons of apple cider vinegar in one cup of water. After washing your hair, pour the apple cider vinegar and water mix over your hair, and rinse out after 3-5 minutes. Rinse with cold water. You can do this up to 3 times a week. Squeeze the juice from two lemons, and mix with two cups of water. Massage the lemon and water mixture on your hair for 3-5 minutes, then rinse your hair with warm water. Repeat 3 times a week. Keep in mind that this could cause your hair to become lighter. Mix 1 teaspoon of aloe vera gel, one tablespoon of lemon juice, and one cup of your shampoo. Wash your hair with the mixture, allowing the shampoo to sit for 3 minutes. Then, rinse with warm water. Repeat this method up to a few times a week. If you don’t use the whole shampoo mixture, store it in the fridge for up to a week. Mix one part baking soda in three parts water to make a paste for your hair. Longer hair will require more paste. Rub the paste into damp hair and leave it on for 5 minutes. Then, wash your hair with warm water. Repeat this method twice a week." ], "summary": [ "Shampoo properly. Wash your hair every 2-3 days. Use different types of gentle shampoos. Condition less often. Use dry shampoos between washes. Skip washing your hair after workouts. Style hair with without silicone or oils. See a dermatologist if you see no results.", "Rinse hair with apple cider vinegar. Massage hair with lemon juice. Wash hair with homemade aloe vera shampoo. Make a hair mask with baking soda and water." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Creating a Subject Line", "Structuring the Email’s Text", "Refining the Email" ], "document": [ "If you address the other person directly, your email stands out more. You can do this by mentioning the person’s name or by using the words “you” and “your.” These words are direct, conversational, and encourage the recipient to open the email. For example, start the subject line with a phrase like “Hey Bill!” or “Did you call yet?” If you don’t know the person’s name, you can reference a personal detail like the recipient’s location. For instance, say, “Best restaurants in your city.” It’s important to relay urgency as soon as possible. Encourage the reader to click on the email by including a call to action or a reference to scarcity. These tactics suggest that the reader needs to act right away to benefit from the email. For instance, use words and phrases like “Hurry!” or “24 hours left” to call the reader to act now. Hint that something is limited, such as by saying, “This item is flying off the shelves.” Follow up the urgent word with a clear picture of what the reader should expect inside the email. Use action-oriented words to suggest how the reader should respond. Make sure you keep the subject line clear and concise so the title isn’t confusing. For example, you can say something like, “Hurry! It’s a sale.” You can also explain the email through numbers. For instance, say, “5 ways to reduce your electric bill.” A question can be a great way of hinting at what is inside your email. The question has to be relevant to the reader. It should reference an urgent event or a subject the reader needs to know, encouraging them to read the email right away. For example, you can say something like, “Last chance - have you ordered your tickets yet?” Another example is, “How can you be more productive today?\"", "In the text, explain why you are sending the email. Show the reader what makes this email urgent and why they should respond to it as soon as possible. Be as specific as possible to suggest what the other person gets out of reading your email. For example, you can say something like, “Tired of walking around on worn-out shoes? Our sale has brand-name shoes at rock-bottom prices.” You might write, “Call the client today to get in under the deadline.” Avoid making an urgent email long and confusing. Limit yourself to a couple of short sentences or paragraphs. Relay your message in a way that is easy to understand and grammatically correct. To avoid making your message too long, try making a list of the most important points you need to make. Many businesses include an image in the email. A sales ad explains the email’s purpose efficiently. By trying to sound urgent, you may come off as pushy or intimidating. Avoid demanding that the reader pays attention and responds, since this backfires more often than not. Instead, pair time-related words with suggestions of actions the reader should take. For example, say, “There are 5 spots left on the plane. Please call today to reserve your seat.” To avoid sounding intimidating, be a little indirect. For instance, say, “Identity theft increases by 5% every year, making it more important than ever to protect your personal information.” Use the last sentence of your email to guide the reader towards the action you want them to take. This needs to be specific, so include any information they need to respond to your email. This could be a button to press, a website link, or a phone number. For instance, if you want someone to make a call, say, \"Please call me today” and follow up with your phone number. Provide the exact website link. If you want a person to see a specific product, post the link to the product page, not the overall website. If you wish to direct someone to a physical location, it helps to provide directions, maps, and other references.", "A lot of people see the email address first, and if it isn’t recognizable, they may skip the email. Make sure your email address suggests what the other person can expect to see in the email. Personalize your email address to make your email more visible. For example, use your name. The email should look something like, “John Smith, wikiHow” or “[email protected].” Avoid using random numbers and symbols, since this isn’t professional and makes your email look like spam. To sound urgent, give off the impression that the reader needs to act now. Even if you do not have a specific deadline, pretend that there is one. Make sure you reference this deadline as often as possible throughout the email. For example, you can say, “This deal ends tomorrow.” If you don’t have a specific deadline, try saying, “Please respond by Tuesday” or “I’d appreciate it if you responded by 5:00 PM.” All of the information in the email should relate to your purpose for sending it. This purpose is what needs to be emphasized in the subject line and throughout the text. Every detail needs to lead into that purpose, telling the reader what they need to know to act upon it. Edit out any details that do not fit, since they detract from the urgent tone. If you are selling a product, you would include the product’s features and biggest benefits. Long stories or small details may be distracting. For instance, if you are reaching out to a customer, you might want to tell them, “Save 20% when you shop at my new website.” Think of what the person needs to know. If you have already contacted someone, you do not need to repeat what you said before. Good typing techniques and grammatical sense make your email so much easier to understand. Avoid using lots of exclamation marks or unnecessary capital letters. Use proper language and be respectful. Avoid shorthand words like “u,” “ur,” “plz,” and emojis. Lots of exclamation marks, capital letters, or numbers can also trigger a spam filter, meaning your email may not get seen at all." ], "summary": [ "Refer to the recipient in your subject line. Use urgent language in the subject line. Hint at what is inside the email. Ask the reader a question for an alternative way to be engaging.", "Lead with a solution to a relevant problem. Describe the email’s purpose in concise sentences. Use a gentle and non-confrontational tone. Include a call to action at the end.", "Use an email address that is easy to recognize. Create a deadline for a response to the email. Reread the email to ensure it has a consistent purpose. Avoid typing in capital letters or shorthand." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Viewing the DNS Cache on a Mac", "Viewing the DNS Cache on a PC", "Flushing the DNS Cache on a Phone or Tablet" ], "document": [ "Spotlight's icon is a magnifying glass located in the top right corner of your screen. Terminal lets you access system information--such as your DNS cache--through typed commands. Don't include the quotation marks. Press ⏎ Return when you're done. The \"sudo\" part of the command sets up the rest of the command for \"root privilege\", which allows you to view sensitive system information. The \"discoveryutil\" part of the command request the DNS information from your system. The \"udnscachestats\" part of the command displays one of two sections of your DNS cache. This should be the password you use to log in. Press ⏎ Return when you finish typing. Terminal should display your Unicast DNS cache. The Unicast DNS (UDNS) cache translates website addresses (such as Facebook) into IP addresses for your computer to use during future searches. With Unicast, your address sends out one IP address request to one server per site, regardless of how many servers exist. If that server becomes unresponsive, you will encounter a DNS error. You can use the results of your search to view the IP addresses of frequently-visited sites. If you encountered a DNS error, the UDNS cache is the most likely location of the problem. You can also use the UDNS cache to check your recent site history. You will need to check the Multicast DNS cache as well for a complete report. This will help you avoid command errors when checking the next section of your DNS cache. Don't include the quotation marks. Press ⏎ Return when you're done. The \"sudo\" part of the command sets up the rest of the command for \"root privilege\", which allows you to view sensitive system information. The \"discoveryutil\" part of the command request the DNS information from your system. The \"mdnscachestats\" part of the command displays your Multicast DNS cache. This should be the password you use to log in. Press ⏎ Return when you finish typing. Terminal should display your Multicast DNS cache. The Multicast DNS (MDNS) cache also translates website addresses (such as Facebook) into IP addresses for your computer to use during future searches. With Multicast, your address sends out multiple IP address requests to multiple servers per site. If one server becomes unresponsive, you still have multiple connections to other servers, meaning you're much less likely to encounter a DNS error on a Multicast network than on a Unicast network. You can use the results of your search to view the IP addresses of frequently-visited sites. You can also use the MDNS cache to check your recent site history. Checking the MDNS cache in conjunction with the UDNS cache will give you a full history report. Type \"sudo dscacheutil -flushcache; sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder; say cache flushed\" into Terminal. Hit ⏎ Return to finalize the flush. This will reset your saved website data and clear any DNS errors you may encounter. This command is appropriate for the the latest version of OS X (10.11). This command flushes both cache sections (UDNS and MDNS). Flushing both sections resolves any current errors and prevents future errors from occurring, so you should always flush both for consistency. Flushing the cache will not harm your computer. The Terminal commands to flush the DNS cache vary between OS X versions. Find out what version you are running by going to the Apple menu and selecting \"About This Mac\". For OS X 10.10.4 and up type \"sudo dscacheutil -flushcache; sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder; say cache flushed\". For OS X 10.10 to 10.10.3 users should type \"sudo discoveryutil mdnsflushcache; sudo discoveryutil udnsflushcaches; say flushed\". For OS X 10.7 to 10.9 type \"sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder\". For OS X 10.5 to 10.6 type \"sudo dscacheutil -flushcache\" For OS X 10.3 to 10.4 type \"lookupd -flushcache\". Use your browser of choice to visit a site on which you encountered a DNS error. You should now be able to access the site! Loading your frequently-used sites for the first time after a DNS flush will take longer than usual, since your DNS cache is being updated.", "For earlier operating systems, replace clicking \"All Apps\" with clicking \"All Programs\" and then selecting \"Accessories\". This should open \"Command Prompt\" with full access, allowing you to enter system commands. Double-check your typing, then hit ↵ Enter to view the cache. You can use the results of your search to view the IP addresses of frequently-visited sites, or you can flush your DNS cache. The DNS cache also stores your web browsing history - even if you clear it from your browser. Don't include the quotation marks. If you're encountering DNS errors in your browser, flushing your cache will fix this problem. Flushing can also help your computer run faster by keeping your website data up-to-date. Open a browser and visit a site where you previously encountered a DNS error. You will now be able to access the site! Loading sites after a DNS flush will often take longer than usual.", "You can't actually view the DNS cache on mobile, but you can flush the cache and thereby fix any DNS or \"timing out\" errors you have encountered. Make sure your browsers in particular are closed. Scroll until you find the \"Wi-Fi\" menu. For an Android, find the \"Wireless and Networks\" menu in \"Settings\". Wait until your data indicator appears in the upper left-hand corner of the phone. If you have an Android, tap the \"Wi-Fi\" switch to turn the wifi off. Wait until the wifi icon appears, then return to the \"Settings\" menu. Find \"Airplane Mode\" at the top of your Settings menu on iPhone. Be sure to wait a few moments (for the wifi indicator in the upper left-hand corner to disappear) before turning Airplane Mode back off again This will reset your network settings, thereby enabling the DNS cache to flush. For Android, select \"More\" in the Settings menu to access the Airplane Mode setting toggle. This will turn off your phone and flush your DNS cache. Leave your phone off for at least 15 seconds. For Android, you need to hold down the \"Power\" button, then tap \"Power off\" in the resulting menu. This will turn your phone back on. Use your phone's browser to visit any site where you encountered a DNS error. You should now be able to access the site! Loading your frequently-used sites for the first time after a DNS flush will take longer than usual, since your DNS cache is being updated." ], "summary": [ "Open \"Spotlight\". Search for \"terminal\" and open the Terminal app. Type \"sudo discoveryutil udnscachestats\" into Terminal. Enter your Administrator password into Terminal. Look over the Unicast DNS cache by scrolling through the Terminal. Close and reopen Terminal. Type \"sudo discoveryutil mdnscachestats\" into Terminal. Enter your Administrator password into Terminal. Look over the Multicast DNS cache by scrolling. Flush your DNS cache(s). Confirm that your DNS cache flush worked.", "Open the Start menu and click on \"All Apps\". Click \"Windows System\". Right-click the \"Command Prompt\" app and select \"Run as Administrator\". Type \"ipconfig /displaydns\" without the quotation marks. Look over the DNS cache by scrolling through the \"Command Prompt\" interface. Flush your cache by typing in \"ipconfig /flushdns\". Confirm that your DNS cache flush worked.", "Close all apps to prepare to flush your DNS cache. Open the \"Settings\" menu. Select the \"Wi-Fi\" tab, then swipe the \"Wi-Fi\" switch to the left. Swipe your phone's wifi switch back on. Turn \"Airplane Mode\" on, then off again. Hold the \"lock screen\" button down, then swipe the \"Slide to Power Off\" button to the right. Hold down the \"lock screen\" button until the screen lights up. Confirm that your DNS cache flush worked." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Assigning Letter Grades", "Writing Effective Comments", "Going Through an Essay" ], "document": [ "and let the students see it. A rubric is used to assign numerical values to various criteria used to make up the letter grade, usually based on a scale of 100. To get a letter grade, you assign numerical values to each section and tally the score. Making the students aware of the rubric used will keep the process transparent and eliminate the idea that you pull arbitrary grades out of nowhere. A rubric, for example, might look like this: Thesis and argument: _/40 Organization and paragraphs: _/30 Introduction and conclusion: _/10 Grammar, usage, and spelling: _/10 Sources and Citations: _/10 Let the students see a description of what an A means, what a B means, etc. Write your own according to your own specific criteria and emphasis for the class. Share it with the students so they can interpret the grade they receive. These are fairly standard designations, often worded like this: A (100-90): Work completes all of the requirements of the assignment in an original and creative manner. Work at this level goes beyond the basic guidelines of the assignment, showing the student took extra initiative in originally and creatively forming content, organization, and style. B (89-80): Work completes all of the requirements of the assignment. Work at this level is successful in terms of content, but might need some improvement in organization and style, perhaps requiring a little revision. A B reveals less of the author’s original thought and creativity than A-level work. C (79-70): Work completes most of the requirements of the assignment. Though the content, organization, and style are logical and coherent, they may require some revision and may not reflect a high level of originality and creativity on the part of the author. D (69-60): Work either does not complete the requirements of the assignment, or meets them quite inadequately. Work at this level requires a good deal of revision, and is largely unsuccessful in content, organization, and style. F (Below 60): Work does not complete the requirements of the assignment. In general, students who put forth genuine effort will not receive an F. If you receive an F on any assignment (particularly if you feel you have given adequate effort), you should speak with me personally. Put the grade at the very end of the paper, after they've seen the rubric and your comments. Slapping a big letter grade at the top near the title will ensure that the student probably won't go through and read all the smart and helpful comments you've included. Some teachers like to hand out papers at the end of the day because they fear discouraging or distracting students during class time. Consider giving the students time to go through the papers in class and be available to talk about their grades afterwards. This will ensure that they read and understand your comments.", "The goal of comments is to point out the strengths and weaknesses in a student's writing and to offer them concrete strategies toward improving their work. Completely shredding apart a failed paragraph with your red pen does not accomplish any of these aims. Use marginal comments to point out specific points or areas in the essay the student could improve. Use a paragraph note at the end to summarize your comments and direct them toward improvement. Comments should not justify a letter grade. Never start a note, \"You got a C because...\". It's not your job to defend the grade given. Instead, use the comments to look toward revision and the next assignment, rather than staring backward at the successes or failures of the given assignment. Try to start your comments by finding something the student has done well and encouraging them. Seeing exclamation points or \"Good job\" on an essay tends to be more memorable for the student, and will ensure that they'll repeat the behavior. If you struggle to find anything, you can always praise their topic selection: \"This is an important topic! Good choice!\" Even if your student has written a disaster of a paper, don't overwhelm them with every single thing that needs to be fixed. Try to focus on no more than three main areas of improvement in your comments. This will give the student concrete strategies toward improvement, and avoid overwhelming them with \"failures.\" When you give your first read-through, Try to determine what these three points might be to make it easier when you're going through the paper and writing comments. Instead of focusing your comments on everything the student did wrong in an essay, direct your comments toward the next essay, or toward a re-write of the current essay, if that fits in with the conventions of the assignment. \"In your next assignment, make sure to organize your paragraphs according to the argument you're making\" is a better comment than \"Your paragraphs are disorganized.\"", "Sometimes called \"higher\" and \"lower\" concerns, it's important to prioritize major issues like content, creative thinking, and organization over more minor issues like grammar, usage, and spelling. These designations obviously depend upon many things, like the assignment, the grade-level of your students, and their individual concerns. If you're in the middle of a unit on comma usage, it's perfectly fine to call that a \"higher\" concern. But in general, a basic writing assignment should prioritize the higher concerns listed above. When you've got a stack of 50 or 100 papers to go through and another stack of quizzes to finish and lessons to plan it can be tempting to jump right in and start slapping Bs on everything. Resist that temptation. Read through each essay individually before marking anything. Look for the highest order of concerns first: Does the student address the prompt and fulfill the assignment effectively? Does the student think creatively? Does the student clearly state their argument, or thesis? Is the thesis developed over the course of the assignment? Does the writer provide evidence? Does the paper show evidence of organization and revision, or does it seem like a first draft? Getting an assignment back that looks like someone bled all over it can be a source of great anxiety in the life of a student. Some teachers argue that red asserts authority. While that may be true, there are other ways to assert your authority than pen color. Marking essays in pencil can suggest that the issues are easily fixable, keeping the student looking forward, rather than dwelling on their success or failure. Pencil, blue, or black pen is perfectly appropriate. Write comments, criticisms, and questions in the margins as neatly as possible. Find moments that the writer needs to clarify and circle them or underline them. Be as specific as possible when asking questions. \"What?\" is not a particularly helpful question to scrawl in the margin, compared to \"What do you mean by 'some societies'?\" When you've addressed the most important issues of the essay, its content, feel free to mark some lower-order concerns, like usage, grammar, and punctuation. Depending on the grade-level of the essays and the skill-level of your students, these may be more or less important. Typical proofreading marks include the following: ¶ = to start a new paragraph three underscores under a letter = to lowercase or uppercase the letter \"sp\" = word is spelled incorrectly word crossed out with a small \"pigtail\" above = word needs to be deleted Some teachers use the first page as a rule of thumb for marking later concerns. If there are sentence-level issues, mark them on the first page and then stop marking them throughout the essay, especially if the assignment needs more revision." ], "summary": [ "Use a rubric Know or assign a description of each letter grade. Make the grade the last thing the student sees.", "Write no more than one comment per paragraph and a note at the end. Find something to praise. Address three main issues of improvement in your note. Encourage revision.", "Learn the difference between major and minor errors. Read the paper through once without marking anything. Keep the red pen in your desk. Read through the paper again with your pencil ready. Proofread for usage and other lower-order concerns." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Picking Your Urinal", "Peeing" ], "document": [ "Some public restrooms have privacy guards between urinals. These guards serve the dual purpose of providing you privacy, and shielding you from other people’s splash back. Try to find a restroom that comes equipped with privacy guards, as you’ll be much less likely to fall victim to someone else’s splash back. If you can’t find a restroom with privacy guards, pick a urinal on the end, next to the stalls or the sink, instead of a middle urinal. This way, you’ll be half as likely to fall victim to the splash back generated by the guy next to you. Studies have shown that the closer you are to someone else, the more anxiety and difficulty you and that other person will have when it comes to peeing. The resulting panic and anxiety that you both experience might just lead you or your neighbor to create splash back. It is generally considered okay to stand and pee directly next to another person (men next to men or boys next to boys) when the restroom is crowded and there is no alternative urinal available. Many times the floor in front of the urinal will be wet – that’s other people’s urine. Be aware as you approach the urinal, you don’t want to step in someone else’s puddle and unwittingly splash urine onto yourself that way. Sometimes we’ve really got to go, and we rush up to the urinal and get peeing in a hurry. Try not to do this. You need to think before you pee so that you’ll be able to take steps and precautions that will limit your splash back.", "Urinal cakes are designed to fight odor and are often small and placed on the bottom of the urinal. They're not meant to be targets. If you hit them, they might create splash back and deflect urine spray in your direction. Change the angle of your stream. Don't hit the urinal dead on. The splash back will be worse the closer it is to 90 degrees. Instead, try to hit the urinal at a soft angle -- less than 45 degrees. Some urinal inserts and splash guards are designed to absorb the impact of your urine stream to reduce potential splash back. Shoot for these, especially if you can pee on one that bends upward so that it is vertical and so you can hit it at less than 45 degrees. Splash back is greatly increased when your urine hits a surface at a sharp angle and from a great distance. After a few inches, your urine starts to break up into droplets. These droplets create more splash back than a solid stream of urine. Distance matters because your stream will start to break up if you are too far, and you will have a higher chance of creating splash back. In addition, your urine picks up a lot of velocity the farther you stand from the urinal, resulting in more splash back. If you can impact that porcelain before stream breakup occurs, you will be in good shape. While you may not want to be too close, you definitely don't want to be standing too far away. Generally, your stream will begin to lose coherence and power after about six inches from your urethra, so take this into account when you pee. Remember though, there is no \"magic\" number when it comes to how far to stand from a urinal, because each urinal is different, every person is different, and everyone's comfort level is different. When you’re done, don’t shake too quickly. This might cause your urine to fly through the air or it might hit the urinal and you could create splash back by accident." ], "summary": [ "Choose a urinal with privacy guards, if you can. Pick a urinal on the end, rather than in the middle. Select a urinal remote from other men or boys. Look at the floor before you approach your urinal. Think before you pee.", "Avoid hitting the urinal cake. Hit the wall of the urinal at a gradual angle. Aim for splash-reducing urinal inserts. Stand closer (but at the right angle). Don't stand too far. Avoid “shaking” too briskly." ] }

{ "section_name": [], "document": [], "summary": [] }

{ "section_name": [ "Taking Care of Yourself", "Getting Help", "Managing Financial Decisions", "Shopping Smart" ], "document": [ "You’ll not survive becoming poor if you take sick. Not only will you be sick, but you may have to take work off, further compounding your strained financial situation. Stave off illness and maintain a strong immune system by eating nutritious, balanced meals each day. A good diet consists mostly of grains, fruits, and vegetables. A modest amount of protein should also be included, though it’s not necessary to do so at every meal. There are plenty of healthy meal options you can try on a budget. Check out the US Department of Agriculture’s menus and cookbooks online at http://www.choosemyplate.gov/budget-sample-two-week-menus. Being with people who care for you will help you realize that even though you’re poor, you’re still a wonderful, rational person whose life has value. Make time for family and friends who affirm that you are important and make you feel good. Strong social support systems will build psychic resilience. In the face of adversity, including poverty, you will be less likely to feel anxious, worried, or depressed when you know you have friends and family you can rely on. When you’re poor, it can be hard to see anything outside your immediate circumstances. You’re focused on paying the rent, the electric bill, the car insurance, and so on. The constant threat that one of these costs will push you further into financial ruin can distract you from planning for tomorrow. No matter how bad things seem, there’s always a new day tomorrow. Focusing on and planning for better days ahead can relieve stress and distract you from whatever problems you’re facing today. Don’t worry about what-ifs. Focusing on things you did wrong or dwelling on the past will not help you change your current predicament. Envision yourself in 5, 10, and 15 years. Where do you imagine you’ll be living? What kind of work will you do? Share your thoughts with a friend and invite them to do the same. Try to find something positive in each week or day that you can look forward to. Try to make it something different each day (don’t just think about how desperately you want to get out of work every day). Things like meeting a friend for a bike ride, or taking your child to the playground might be some of the things you look forward to after each day. People living in poverty often rate themselves low on scales of self-efficacy, their own beliefs about what they can and cannot do. Accept the things that you cannot change. You’ve become poor, but hey, it’s not the end of the world! Recognize that your situation is temporary and you’ll come out of it better and stronger. Challenge negative thoughts. When you feel a thought such as “I’m no good” or “I’ll always be poor,” do not dwell on it. Introduce a contrary thought such as “I am a good person and many people like being around me” or “Someday I will be financially independent.” Forgive yourself. You’re a fallible person, just like everyone else. Your mistakes do not define you, they are only bumps in your personal life path. Use positive self-talk to forgive yourself. Say to yourself “I made a mistake but I am still a good person.” In poverty, people find it more difficult to exercise self-control. You’re often in situations where you need help -- financial and material -- immediately. Think about occasions where you did not exercise proper self-control. You might have felt tempted to engage in habits like drinking or binge-eating which release endorphins and make you feel good. You might have lost your temper more than you did before you were struggling with poverty. Whatever the case, try to become conscious of occasions where you lose control and take positive steps to reign yourself in. Try to find positive outlets for your energy. When you feel that you might blow up on someone or want to have a drink, go for a run or bike ride instead. Try painting a picture or playing a musical instrument. Get enough rest. A full night’s sleep -- 6 to 8 hours -- is important for thinking clearly and deliberately. You’ll be more able to exercise self-control when you are well-rested. Set a regular bed time and stick to it each night.", "A food bank is an organization run by a church, homeless shelter, or community aid organization which offers food to those in need. Community dinners are often offered at local churches and community aid organizations for free or at extremely low cost. Call local churches to find out if they have weekly spaghetti dinners, soup kitchens, or other events where meals are provided to the general public. SNAP provides nutrition assistance to low-income individuals and families. The program is provided by the US Department of Agriculture’s Food and Nutrition Service, and funded publicly. To qualify for SNAP, you can have up to $2,250 in total household bank accounts, or $3,250 if you’re 60 or older. Supplemental Security Income, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, and most retirement plans do not count against the total financial resources used to determine whether you qualify. The amount of income you earn also determines eligibility. To apply, find your state’s public assistance office. A full list of such offices and the online SNAP applications of states which offer them are available at http://www.fns.usda.gov/snap/apply. Fill in the required paperwork and mail, digitally submit, or print your application. Response times vary by state. You might also try identifying and calling your local SNAP hotline with this list: http://www.fns.usda.gov/snap/state-informationhotline-numbers. SNAP benefits can be used for food purchases only. Pet foods, soaps, household supplies, vitamins and medicines, alcohol, and hot foods (take-out or deli pizzas, for example) cannot be purchased with SNAP benefits. CSFP is a nutritional assistance program designed to improve healthy eating in low-income elderly people by providing them with healthy foods. The program is administered by the US Department of Agriculture’s Food and Nutrition Service and is similar to other nutritional assistance programs like WIC and SNAP. To sign up for CSFP, contact your local human resources office. Search the USDA’s database for a CSFP provider at http://www.fns.usda.gov/fdd/food-distribution-contacts. If you are a low-income mother, you may be eligible for WIC benefits. The program is publicly funded and administered through the US Department of Agriculture to provide food for poor mothers and their children. Foods given to qualifying individuals as part of WIC packages include juice, milk, breakfast cereal, cheese, eggs, fruits and vegetables, whole wheat bread, canned fish, peanut butter, and legumes. To apply for WIC, contact your local state or county public assistance office. Public housing is a comprehensive suite of three rental assistance programs, plus Section 8 vouchers, designed to give low-income individuals more affordable housing options. The programs are run by local agencies but overseen by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Most tenants in public housing pay around just 30% of their income to subsidize their rent. Limiting your housing costs in this way is an important step toward surviving poverty. To qualify for public housing, you must earn 80% or less of the average local income. Contact your local HUD office or search for publicly subsidized housing on HUD’s site at http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/topics/rental_assistance to learn how you can apply for public housing in your state or municipality.", "Do not invest your money in banks. Credit unions tend to have lower fees, higher savings rates, and lower loan rates than banks, which cater more toward businesses. Credit unions are also more likely to have lower minimum account balance requirements than banks. These places offer you your cash instantly, but take a percentage out of your total check. This will leave you with significantly less income over time. For instance, assume you cash a $100 check each week, and the check cashing service takes 5% of the check. It doesn’t seem like much, but it adds up quickly. At that rate, it translates to five dollars each week; by year’s end, that’s $260. Overdrawn accounts are more likely to happen when you are financially on the edge. This leads to late fees and charges. Ending automatic debit for utilities, rent, and other regular costs might take more time out of your schedule each month, but you will have financial control returned to you. This can be a challenge when you’re living on a fixed or limited income, but there are positive steps you can take to reduce your financial risks. Don’t take out new credit cards; work instead on paying off the balance on your current credit cards and loans. Draw up a household budget. In one column, calculate your household’s total income. This includes revenue coming in not only from you, but from everyone in your house. Then calculate your household’s total expenses. Think about the costs accumulated by children and pets as well as by you and any other adults in the house. Subtract the expenses from the income total. If the expenses exceed the income, try to find where you can cut some expenses, or figure a way to increase your income streams. Before buying anything, always ask yourself this question: \"Is this really necessary?\" If not, put it back on the shelf for another day when you are not so poor. Full-time jobs are exceedingly rare. You’ll likely have to cobble together a work schedule consisting of multiple part-time jobs to make ends meet. While it can be inconvenient to juggle two or even three work schedules, such an arrangement will ensure you always have some source of income. If one job fails to provide an adequate amount of hours in a given week or month, you’ll already have your other job(s) to fall back on. Don’t be afraid to request working more hours if you think you can take them on. Employers like seeing helpful employees who are eager to work. If you have trouble finding additional time in your schedule to work due to the presence of small children, ask a trusted relative or neighbor to tend to them while you go to work. If you have a hard time locating transportation to get to or from a place of work, ask coworkers, friends, or family to give you a ride. Check local public transit options as well. If it is impossible to take on extra work, ask for a raise at your current place of employment. You are more likely to get a raise if you’ve been on the job for at least a year. If the restaurant you work at pays 10 bucks an hour and the restaurant up the street pays 11 bucks an hour, you should think about jumping ship. Don’t feel bad about leaving a job. It’s nothing personal, you’re just looking out for your own economic interests. If you are in debt, you might consider speaking with a debt counselor. Debt counselors can help you consolidate your debt or construct a repayment plan to get your debt under control. You could also seek assistance from a financial advisor, a specially trained economic expert who helps individuals utilize and save their money in the most efficient way possible. Financial advisors can educate and train you on how to budget your money. They are often available over the phone or online, as well as in person. Be on the lookout for credit counseling scams. Some organizations purport to be debt counseling agencies but are in fact in the business of preying on economically vulnerable individuals, and charge lots of fees Do not allow any agency to add you as an authorized user on another bank account, or obtain an Employer Identification Number for you.", "Almost anything can be repaired -- cobblers, hardware stores, and electronics repair shops are all available for hire. For instance, instead of investing in a whole new couch, have it reupholstered. Instead of buying a new TV, take it to the repair shop to extend its life or replace broken parts. If a new household purchase is unavoidable, save money slowly over time in order to purchase the item you need. Avoid rent-to-own options. Rent-to-own furniture or electronic equipment is a tempting offer because you can pay in small installments over a long period. But in the long run, it will cost you more than if you had just paid the whole amount all at once. Check supermarket flyers, factory outlets, and thrift stores to help you save. Try to find stores that offer price-matching sales so that you can save time by bringing in competitors’ ads instead of hoofing it all over to the stores which offer the best deals. Compare prices carefully. Many stores provide direct price comparisons if you look closely on shelf tags in the grocery store. For instance, price-per-unit shelf tags might indicate that one brand of juice might cost $1 per liter, while another might cost $1.20 per liter. Whenever possible, opt for the less expensive choice. Buying in bulk means you pay by the pound for one large bag of something rather than buying several smaller pre-measured packages of the same foodstuff. Doing this will lower your grocery costs. Since grocers can move more product this way, you’ll get a lower rate per pound. For instance, instead of buying three two-pound bags of rice for $2 each, you might buy a seven pound bag for $5, and end up with more food for less money. Ethnic grocers are good places to stock up on staples like rice, beans, and vegetables in bulk. Economy size indicates a product you’ll pay less per unit of measure for when buying more of it. For example, many grocery stores offer a one pound box of cereal for $3 per pound, or a somewhat larger two pound box of the same cereal for only $2.50 per pound. This nominal difference will save you more in the long run. Even though the total cost of the somewhat larger box is more expensive ($5 as compared to $3 for the smaller box), you’re getting more cereal for your money. Shop consciously when you go to the grocery store (or any store, really). This way, you’ll have a kind of roadmap when you’re visiting the grocery store, and won’t just wander all over the store looking at (and possibly buying) things you don’t really need. Obtain the items on your shopping list, head to checkout, and leave. Look for more spartan shops. Part of what you pay for when you visit a grocery store is the experience. An upscale place like Whole Foods is not the best place to shop if you’re trying to survive being poor." ], "summary": [ "Stay healthy. Spend time with friends and family. Plan for the future. Recognize your own abilities. Exercise self-control.", "Take advantage of local food banks. Apply for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). Sign up for the Commodity Supplemental Food Program (CSFP). Apply for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) benefits. Apply for public housing.", "Open a credit union account. Do not cash your checks at check cashing services. Do not utilize automatic debit services from your bank. Live within your means. Don’t rely on a single income stream, if possible. Keep an eye out for better work opportunities. Solicit financial advice from a consultant.", "Repair or refresh what you have instead of buying new stuff. Hunt for bargains. Buy foods in bulk. Buy economy size when you can. Make a shopping list before going shopping." ] }

{ "section_name": [], "document": [], "summary": [] }

{ "section_name": [], "document": [], "summary": [] }

{ "section_name": [], "document": [], "summary": [] }

{ "section_name": [ "Cleaning the Roller and Your Skin", "Rolling the Area", "Cleaning Up" ], "document": [ "Tiny needles are penetrating your skin, so obviously you want to disinfect those needles first. Soak the roller in 70% isopropyl alcohol. Leave it for 10 minutes. 70% is better than 99% because it doesn't evaporate as quickly. After it's soaked for 10 minutes, pull it out, and shake off the excess alcohol. Let it air dry for a few minutes. It's important to start with clean skin. For example, you could use a gentle foaming cleanser for your face to thoroughly clean your skin. Bar soap or shower gel and water for other parts of your body are fine. The point is you need to start with clean skin, and it's fine to use your typical cleansers. However, you don't want to start with anything too harsh, so skip facial cleansers with things like salicyclic acid in them. Opt for something gentler. Longer needles mean deeper penetration, which in turn can lead to infection. If you're using needles longer than 0.5 millimeters long, you should disinfect your skin in addition to the roller. Gently swipe rubbing alcohol (70% isopropyl) all across your skin.", "Most people aren't sensitive to the needles, but if you're sensitive to pain, you can use a numbing cream first, particularly if you have needles that are 1.0 millimeter or longer. Rub a lidocaine cream into the area, and leave it for 20 minutes before you start rolling. Wipe off any excess cream before you roll. Start on one edge of the area. Roll up it from top to bottom, avoiding the eye socket area if you're doing your face. Lift it up, and roll over the same area again, repeating 6 times in total. Move the roller over and repeat. Keep going until you've done the whole area. If you're using longer needles, such as 1.0 millimeter or higher, you may see some light bleeding. However, if you notice more than pinpricks of blood, you should stop. You may need a smaller needle. Starting at the top or bottom, roll across the area horizontally. Lift up, and roll over the same area again. Roll over it 6 times altogether. Move down or up a little bit, and repeat the process until you've done the whole area. You can also go diagonally, but that can lead to uneven needling. You can overdo it with microneedling, especially on your face. Therefore, it's a good idea to limit each rolling session to under 2 minutes if you can. Using it too often can lead to inflammation. At most, try using your derma roller 3 to 5 times a week, making sure to give your skin a break every now and then. Some people only use this treatment every 6 weeks, for instance.", "After you're done, rinse off your face. You can just use water, since you've already cleansed your face, but you need to remove any blood traces. You can also use a gentle cleanser if you prefer. It can help to use a hydration product after you're done. For instance, a sheet mask can help you hydrate and heal. Another option is applying an anti-aging or anti-wrinkle serum after you're done. These serums will penetrate more deeply because of the micro holes. Wash your roller off using dish soap and hot water. Dish soap is better than other soaps at removing the tiny particles of blood and skin on your roller. Put the soap and water in a clean container, and shake the roller around in the water. Shake off excess water. Put the roller in 70% isopropyl alcohol. Let it soak for 10 minutes before shaking off the alcohol. Give it a chance to air dry before putting it away." ], "summary": [ "Disinfect the roller before use. Wash your skin in warm water. Disinfect your skin if you're using longer needles.", "Begin with a numbing cream if you prefer. Roll vertically. Roll horizontally. Stop rolling after 2 minutes, particularly on your face. Use a derma roller every other day or so.", "Rinse your face. Hydrate your skin. Clean the roller in dish soap and water. Disinfect the roller after use." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Looking for More Signs of Illness", "Noticing Obvious Changes", "Getting a Veterinary Diagnosis" ], "document": [ "Damage on the frog's skin when you first get it is probably due to being banged around while in transit. However, if the injury doesn't heal in a few days the damage could be the result of a bacterial infection. If it doesn't heal over the course of a week or so, the frog needs to be taken care of by a vet. If not treated, these infections and wounds can let harmful bacteria into your frog's body. This can result in death. Sores and bruises, as well as cuts, can cause a frog's skin to look strange. If your frog's eyes are smoky, cloudy, foggy, or blueish, it most likely has a condition known as Cloudy Eye. This occurs when the eye is bashed, poked, or scratched. If your frog's eyes are cloudy, you should get it veterinary care. If your frog has lost weight, it may have either an internal parasite or Metabolic Bone Disease (MBD). A vet can cure both MBD and a parasitic infection, so take your frog to be seen by a vet if it has lost weight. If your frog has gained weight, this is probably due to overfeeding, or it could be a sign of edema. Cut back on the amount of food it gets and make sure its weight stabilizes by weighing it every few days. If your frog is losing weight, it could be that your frog is just naturally thin or that it needs to be fed more. You will need a digital scale to weigh your tree frog. Set a container with a lid on it on your scale and zero it out. Then put the frog in the container and read the screen. If you plan on documenting the frog's weight over time, be sure to write down its weight every time you weigh it.", "There are a variety of illnesses that can cause a tree frog to become discolored. Red-Leg, a common disease in pet tree frogs, causes the skin near the frog's legs to turn reddish. Sometimes something as simple as lack of humidity, stress, or a poor diet can cause a frog to have darkened skin. If your frog's skin is dry in addition to being discolored, this can be caused by a combination of stress and dehydration. However, some tree frogs naturally have a bit of red pigment on their legs. Keep track of your frog's coloring so that you can tell when it changes. If your frog is discolored, you should have it seen by a veterinarian. Lethargy can be a key symptom of a variety of illnesses that occur in tree frogs. They include Red-Leg, MBD, edema, and others. Look for a lack of activity, the frog's jaw to hang open, and its legs to be sprawled out. Red-Leg is often fatal — there is no known cure for it. MBD is usually curable if it is treated right away. MBD usually makes the frog stop eating and jumping. This is due to improper feeding, which causes a lack of vitamin D and calcium. Edema is when the frog swells up and becomes lethargic because it is so bloated. If your frog is lethargic and not bloated, then it does not have edema. If your frog has swollen up, it is most likely caused by edema. There are actually two types of edema. One is a bacterial infection and the other is from kidney failure due to vitamin toxicity. If it is the bacterial kind, you should soak your frog in clean spring water for a few hours to clear out the infection. The frog should be alright after that. Unfortunately, if your frog has edema caused by kidney failure, it will most likely die from the condition. Since bacterial edema can be cleared up relatively easily at home and the one caused by kidney failure is always fatal, it is up to you whether to take your frog in to be seen by a vet. To prevent edema, clean your frog's cage weekly and change its water frequently. Dying from kidney failure can be a slow, painful process. If your frog has edema caused by kidney failure, humane euthanasia performed by your vet is an option. Changes in your frog's appetite can signal a problem with their digestive system or an illness that does not allow them to catch their prey. For example, lack of appetite is a symptom of MBD. This disease weakens the bones of your frog and decreases its energy so much that it can't chase down its prey. MBD is often caused by improper feeding. Trouble with eating could also be the result of a parasite. If you have more than one frog housed in the terrarium, some frogs could be getting more food than others. You should also make sure you are feeding your frogs small crickets, because medium and large ones are too big for a tree frog to swallow. Your frog may be ill if it is awake during the day. Lack of sleep can occur when the frog is stressed out, such as right after you bring it home. However, it can also be a symptom of diseases that make the animal uncomfortable, such as edema.", "To find a vet that works with frogs, contact local veterinary schools or look online for lists of veterinarians that work with amphibians. For example, you can look at the website of the Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians. If there are several vets in your area who work with amphibians, make sure the vet you choose is the one that has the most experience with tree frogs. It's a good idea to find a vet before your frog is actually sick. Having an established relationship with a veterinarian that treats tree frogs will make it easier to get your pet quick care when it needs it. It is best to have your frog checked out by a veterinarian if you see a symptom of illness. While you may end up bringing your pet in for a problem that is non-existent, it is better to be safe than sorry. Some diseases require quick treatment in order to be eliminated. If you suspect that your tree frog is sick but you are unsure about bringing it in to be seen by a vet, at least call the veterinary office and talk to them. Tell them about your pet's symptoms and ask them if they think your frog needs treatment. If your tree frog is indeed ill, your veterinarian will begin its treatment and will give you instructions on how to continue treatment at home. Follow these directions and be sure to continue treatment for as long as your veterinarian suggests, even if your tree frog seems completely healed. If treatment is not minimizing your frog's symptoms or they are getting worse, contact your vet once again. It may be that your frog needs a different type or amount of treatment." ], "summary": [ "Look for sores, cuts, and bruises. Inspect your frog's eyes. Monitor your tree frog's weight.", "Check for discoloration. Assess your frog's energy level. Look for bloating. Consider trouble with eating. Pay attention to changes in your frog's sleeping habits.", "Find a vet that is experienced with treating tree frogs. Take your frog in for an examination. Follow your veterinarian's suggestions for treatment." ] }

{ "section_name": [], "document": [], "summary": [] }

{ "section_name": [ "Stopping a Pre-Arranged Payment Before It Happens", "Withholding or Reversing a Payment After It Has Been Made" ], "document": [ "If you have an automatic payment option established with your account, accessing the account online will typically allow the cardholder to view the list of pending payments along with the scheduled dates. A quick review of the upcoming payments will make it easy to see if one or more need to be stopped and rescheduled for a later date. Many providers allow a time frame in which pending payments may be canceled, changed or rescheduled. Make sure to initiate the change within the required period in order to prevent possible rejections by your bank, a situation that would result in the assessment of late charges and other fees and penalties. Stopping a scheduled credit card payment requires nothing more than telephoning the provider, identifying the upcoming payment date and canceling that pending payment. Be prepared to provide information that confirms your identity and serves as authorization to make the changes. Alternatively, log into the account using your account credentials, access the pending payments and cancel the payment or payments that need to be delayed. Keep a record of who you talked to, date, time, and outcome of call. Follow up with letter confirming conversation. Confirmation of the changes to your payment schedule are usually provided instantly in an online environment or follow shortly thereafter in the form of an official email confirmation. If the changes are made by phone, the customer service representative will confirm that the changes are complete before ending the call, and will typically offer a confirmation number. Write down the number and keep in on file, just in case the changes do not make it all the way through the system for some reason. If stopping a pre-arranged payment also means that you will be unable to make a payment on time, it is important to call the provider to notify them. This can help to potentially waive any late fees, and could establish good will. For example, if you are postponing your monthly cell phone, call the provider and notify them you will be late. They may be able waive or negotiate a one-time reduction or elimination in your late fee.", "If a payment has already been made to a vendor, there are certain circumstances in which you can withhold or even reverse a payment on a credit card. These rights are granted to you under the Fair Credit Billing Act (FCBA). Under the FCBA, if you make a purchase over $50, and the merchant is in your state, or, within 100 miles (160 km) you may withhold a purchase under various circumstances. These circumstances include: If you order a goods and they show up damaged or defective (and the seller will not take it back or replace it), if you order goods and they do not appear within 30 days (and the seller is not dealing with it), if a package you did not order appears from a merchant which has your credit card information, or if you made a purchase from a merchant that went out of business. While the FCBA does indicate you have the right to withhold payment in the above situations, it also states you can only do so if you made a good-faith effort to correct the issue directly with the merchant. What constitutes a good-faith effort? Firstly, attempt to contact the seller via phone. If they do not answer, or if they refuse to refund payment or refund or resolve the issue, this would constitute a good faith effort. Keep records of your phone calls including name of person talked to, date, time of call, and outcome. Follow up any phone call with a letter. Explain in detail the situation, the product, and your rights as previously mentioned under the FCBA. Mail the letter to the seller (or hand deliver it if possible), and retain a copy for yourself. To withhold a payment is to not pay the amount in dispute. If you go ahead and pay the amount in dispute, this could complicate the situation, and at this point you would be looking to reverse a payment, which will be discussed in the following steps. Be sure to pay any other charges to your account that are not related to the disputed amount. This could include other charges to your card or fees. If working out the situation with the merchant directly fails, it is essential to contact your credit card issuer to inform them of the matter and express your desire to withhold payment. Write the issuer of your credit. In your letter make sure to state your name, the card number, the name of the seller as it appears on the credit card statement, the date of purchase, the amount paid, and an explanation of your reason for withholding the purchase. It is possible to conduct this by telephone. If you do so, make sure to follow up with a letter. As well, send a copy of this letter to the merchant to ensure they are aware that you have contacted the credit card company about the matter. Make sure to retain a copy of the letter. Act as promptly as possible. The Fair Credit Card Billing act states that you have 60 days to take action after you received the bill for the disputed amount. The quicker you act the better your odds of success. The credit card company will analyze the required information and make a decision as to side either with your, or with the merchant. Often, because credit card companies want to retain customers, they will issue a temporary credit to your account in the amount of the disputed purchase. The company will then contact the merchant. After consulting with the merchant, if the credit card company agrees that you are in the right, they will either maintain the credit they already issued you, or issue one of they have no already. If they side with the merchant, you will be required to make the payment on your card. The above steps should be sufficient to allow to withhold payment on your card. There are however some limitations in which you will not be able to withhold. You can only withhold payments for consumer transactions. That is to say, if you are using your card to make a personal, family, or household purchase. If the card is used for business purposes, these benefits do not apply. You can only withhold payments if you used your credit card as a credit card. What this means is that if no credit was extended (like if you use overdraft or cash advance feature), you will not be able to withhold payments. You can only withhold payment if it is over $50 or if the sale took place in your home state or within 100 miles (160 km) of your home address. You can only withhold payment on the balance of the purchase that is unpaid. That is to say, the remaining unpaid balance of the purchase on the day that you initially notified the seller is the only amount you can withhold payment on. If you've already paid your credit card bill and are later unhappy with your purchase, you can request a payment be reversed or refunded. The steps to do so follow the exact steps as withholding a payment. Contact the seller first and request a refund. If unsuccessful, follow through with your credit card issuer as described above. If the credit card company deems your complaint to be valid, they will permit the reversal and issue a refund to your account. For example, if you notice a charge on your card from a merchant that previously had your card information, or if you notice any other mysterious transactions on your card. In cases of fraudulent payments (like if you notice a transaction you simply never made, or from a merchant you have no prior relationship) simply contact your credit card company and they will quickly resolve your dilemma." ], "summary": [ "Identify the credit card payment that you need canceled or stopped. Check any restrictions that may apply to stopping credit card payments. Notify the credit card provider of the need to stop the pending credit card payment. Verify that the credit card payment has been canceled. Notify the merchant if your payment will be late.", "Understand your rights. Attempt to resolve the dispute with the seller. Ensure you do not pay the disputed amount. Contact the issuer of your credit card. Wait for a decision by your credit card company. Understand the limitations. Reverse a payment that was already made. Apply these same steps to any other form of disputed payment." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Building Your Professional Career", "Pursuing Early Education and Experience", "Perfecting Your Skills" ], "document": [ "Make sure you keep contacts at publications and agencies that have received your work. If you are lucky, they may provide feedback for your initial submissions. Continue to build your relationships as you grow your portfolio. Take business cards, email, or add your contacts through social media. Get your images seen by donating them to conservation websites or other nature related groups. Make sure to ask if they will purchase your images first before offering to donate any image for free. Make sure to study what your peers and contemporaries are doing. Never copy anyone’s work. You may even reach out to other photographers whose work that you admire to see if you can establish a professional relationship. If you have built an extensive body of work, find an agency that will promote your work. Make sure that you understand any commits before signing any contracts with your agency. While many photographers freelance, an agency lets you concentrate on the creative side of your passion rather than worry about the business aspect. Create a website, blog, and utilize existing social media tools like Facebook and Instagram to show off your talent. Work with a graphic designer to develop a site that stands out from other photographers. Participate in online photo sharing forums. Choose where you post your photos because you want to make sure that the audience is large enough to garner a following. Strategically post on sites that will showcase your talent. While you are most likely promoting yourself for free, the number of views for a photo can translate to visits to your site. Your goal is to get noticed by having your photos go viral. If you have the resources you can hire someone to help you manage your website. Otherwise, read blogs, forums, or invest in classes to learn how to create and manage an effective website. Sell prints, ebooks, video tutorials, calendars, or whatever else you can on your site. Once you begin to get traffic to your site you want to be able to convert views into sales. Selling art prints alone can be a difficult source of income at first so diversify your revenue streams. Submit your work to galleries, art fairs, and printed publications. Learn how to write an article to go along with your photos as magazines will often look for stories before they look for photos. If your work is published or featured at a gallery, be sure to make a note of it on your website. Visit exhibitions and award ceremonies. Network and learn what is at the top of your field. Many digital cameras also shoot video. Learning how to shoot and edit video can give you an additional stream of income. You can sell nature footage to broadcasters specializing in educational programming like the Discovery Channel or National Geographic. Make note that learning video can double your costs depending on how much you want to invest. While there is some photography equipment that you can use for video, there is also special equipment made specifically for video. Whether you’re talking about your equipment or software, sharing your knowledge with the public shows that you have a firm grasp of your craft and that you are a trusted voice in your field. You may even specialize in order to capture a niche market like underwater photography. There are thousands of aspiring photographers in varying levels who share the same passion as you. Creating a workshop where they can meet and exchange ideas helps cultivate your presence as an expert nature photographer. It allows you to share what you have learned to others. While you will need to image editing software, it is also wise to learn web development, word processing, and bookkeeping software to help keep your business afloat. You will have to be more than a photographer in order to turn your passion into a career. You must also learn how to grow your business and each new skill can mean eliminating an outside cost. Nature photography can mean a lot of extended travel and long hours growing your business. Remember to balance your professional life and personal life. Allow your personal experience to inform your creative sensibilities.", "You need both ambition and confidence to succeed in a competitive field. You have to be self-critical in order to show only your best work. If you are passionate about wilderness photography you will have the drive to work hard and refine your technical and creative skills. Seek to specialize but be careful that your work isn’t to specialized that there is no market for it. You want to differentiate yourself from the crowd without fading into obscurity. Invest in the best equipment that you can afford but do your due diligence and research what’s best for your price point and skill level. Understand that while some equipment, like lenses, can last you a long time, other equipment, like the body of your camera, may get old in a couple years as newer technologies arise. Invest your money wisely and rent what you can. You may also join photography groups to pool your resources. Research on social media for clubs near your location. Being technically competent is essential to being a successful nature photographer. You don’t want to be out on the field with the perfect shot and not know how to troubleshoot a minor camera error. You may slowly take evening courses or complete a full degree. Be sure to research the instructors and institution to make sure that you are making a proper investment for your career goals. Keep only your best shots. Take as many pictures as you can so that you have a lot of variety to choose from. Be brutally honest with what your best shots are. Ask friends to help judge what should be in your portfolio. Make sure to show the variety and breadth of your skill. Show different close-ups, camera techniques, environments, etc. Depending on fees and deadlines, enter as many competitions as you can. The more prestigious the better as awards will only give you more notoriety and leverage to negotiate sales to later work. Research what the guidelines and prizes are. Some contests offer to launch your career with an immediate contract to a publication. Email photographers that you admire and politely reach out to them with any questions you may have. You be surprised at how easy it is to establish a relationship if you remain respectful of her time and passionate about her work. You may also fin photography groups on social media so that you can share your passion and support each other as you learn. A mentor is a great person to have so that you can learn tips and tricks that only someone with experience in the field can give. She can especially help in giving emotional support by letting you know that she once was just starting out and now sees the same potential in you to succeed as she has. If you are looking to grow nationally or internationally, you will need to learn how to photograph landscapes and fauna. You may also have to invest in travelling to exotic locations to capture unique wildlife. If you live in an exotic location than you are at an advantage. Becoming a professional nature photographer won’t happen overnight. You will need to invest in equipment and develop both your creative and business skills. Have patience and use your available resources to fund your passion until you receive your break. Because of the unpredictability of nature and the investment needed for exotic locations, you may need to supplement your nature photography with commercial photography.", "Take courses and attend lectures. Always keep learning about your craft. Whether it’s learning about new lenses or new exotic locations, keep ideas and technical skills fresh. You may take courses online if you don’t have the time to sit in a physical class or download tutorials online. Nature photography greatly relies on the sun, which can be your worst enemy or best friend. Learn how to make the most out of your lighting conditions no matter what your location and time of year. You may also learn how to specialize with certain lighting techniques. Depending on the equipment you invest in, your close ups can put your right in the action. With the right perspective and lense you can capture amazing textures and views. Research the functionality of your equipment and experiment with perspective to get you the macro shots that you are looking for. While sunsets are beautiful, there is much more to nature photography. Learn to develop your eye and create stunning perspective that makes you unique. Experiment with your location and lenses when capturing your photographs. Learn how to capture the full scope of a landscape. Lenses and software have developed so much in smartphones that you can capture quality images without bulky equipment. If you are in a pinch for time or at a precarious position, don’t be afraid to use your smartphone. In fact, you could use your smartphone to create a specialized set of photographs for your portfolio. Make sure you go to your smartphone’s camera settings menu and learn the full functionality. You’ll be surprised at what you can accomplish." ], "summary": [ "Establish professional links. Donate your images. Keep up to date with other professional wildlife photographers. Approach an agency. Build your social media presence. Monetize your site. Put yourself out there. Learn video production. Run photography workshops. Learn key software programs. Balance work and personal life.", "Be passionate. Invest and budget for your equipment. Take a course. Create a portfolio. Enter competitions. Find a mentor or group. Shoot large landscapes and fauna. Keep your day job.", "Keep learning. Know your lighting. Go macro. Gain perspective. Use your smartphone." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Windows", "Mac" ], "document": [ "This is the quickest way to access your display controls. This will open your display settings. Windows Vista: Click \"Display Settings\" option in the Personalization menu. Windows XP: Click the \"Settings\" tab after selecting \"Properties\". Select the display that you want to check the resolution for. Click the Identify button to display numbers on each of your screens so that you can select the right one. If you only have one display you can skip this step. Your current resolution will be shown in the \"Resolution\" drop-down menu or slider. The Recommended resolution is the native resolution of your monitor. Selecting this will result in the clearest image. Windows Vista and XP do not display the \"Recommended\" resolution. You will need to refer to your monitor's manual to determine the native resolution. Clicking the \"Resolution\" drop-down menu in Windows 7 and 8 will display the slider. Drag the slider to change the display resolution on your monitor. Resolutions other than the recommended one will result in a blurry, stretched, or squished image. Selecting a lower resolution will increase the size of objects on your screen. If you don't know the native resolution of your monitor, set it to the highest possible option for the clearest image. Your screen may flicker and shut off, and then the new resolution will be displayed. You will be asked to keep the changes or revert to your old settings. If you don't pick an option after 15 seconds, the image will automatically revert. If you want to keep your changes, click Keep changes. If you don't see an image after changing your settings, just wait for it to revert.", "By default, OS X will choose the native resolution for your display, giving you in the clearest image. You can change this if a program calls for a certain resolution or you need to adjust the size of objects on your screen. You can select the display you want to adjust if you have multiple monitors. By default, the \"Best for display\" option will be selected. This will set the display at your monitor's native resolution. Select \"Scaled\" if you want to choose a different option. Options labeled \"low resolution\" will result in a blurry image. Options labeled \"stretched\" will result in objects on your screen appearing wider or skinnier than normal. You may be able to select resolutions higher than your monitor's native resolution. This will make objects even smaller, but can have a big impact on your computer's speed. When you select a resolution, the change will take place immediately. If you don't see an image after selecting a new resolution, wait 15 seconds for it to revert. If it still doesn't revert, press Esc. If your image still won't revert, boot your Mac into Safe Mode and select a new resolution." ], "summary": [ "Right-click on your desktop. Select \"Screen resolution\" (8 and 7), \"Personalize\" (Vista), or \"Properties\" (XP). Select your active display (if necessary). Note your current resolution. Check if the current resolution says \"Recommended\". Change your resolution using the slider. Click Apply after changing your settings.", "Click the Apple menu and select \"System Preferences\". Click the \"Displays\" option and then click the \"Display\" tab. Select the \"Scaled\" option to change your resolution. Select the resolution you want to use. Wait if your picture doesn't appear after changing." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Dealing With Height Difference", "Focusing on the Positives", "Dating in the Early Stages" ], "document": [ "That is, when you're trying to meet guys or when you're going out with a shorter guy, you shouldn't feel you need to hide your height. Most people find confidence sexy, so don't try to slouch or hunch over, as that will just make you appear like you're ashamed of it. Instead, stand up straight, look people in the eye, and flash a big smile. Of course, once you're dating someone, you may decide you want to even out your heights a bit, but that is totally up to you. If you don't want to emphasize your height difference, you can stick to flats most of the time rather than wearing heels. As a bonus, you're feet likely won't hurt as much! If you want to wear heels, try a shorter pair, rather than the 4- to 5-inch variety. \" One way to even out your height differences, particularly when you're wearing heels, is to lean a little bit to the side by sticking out a hip. Obviously, you need something to lean on, such as your boyfriend. You don't want to slouch. Rather, you just want to look casual, putting you at a more even height with your boyfriend.", "That is, if you're concerned about the height difference, you're somewhat focused on the externals. Instead, think about what you like about him as a person, such as his charm, his wit, his intelligence, or his compassion. You can't build a relationship on height alone, but you can build a relationship on personality. If you have a guy who's significantly taller than you, you really have to strain to kiss him. With a shorter guy, you're more likely to be closer in height, making kissing easier. Pay attention when you're saying goodnight to him, and appreciate the fact that you can kiss him without pulling a muscle. Height really does open some doors, so guys who are shorter have to work harder to get ahead. That turns out to be a bonus for you because studies have shown that shorter guys usually do more of the housework than taller guys. While at first being taller than your boyfriend may make you feel tall and out of place, try to look at it another way. That is, most models are on the taller side, so standing next to him makes you look more like a model, not tall and gangly. While a short guy with a tall girl isn't as common as the opposite (a short girl and tall guy), you'll find many happy couples in the world who are similar in heights to you and your guy. Once you've observed a few couples (whether ones you know, a couple in public, or even celebrities), you'll likely find that they don't care at all about the height difference. Rather, they just care about loving each other.", "When trying to date online, don't filter out guys based on height. You might be filtering out someone who's actually perfect for you just because he's a few inches shorter than you'd like. In fact, try not to specifically mention a height you want in your profile, as it can turn some people off. For instance, if you mention your height or you say, \"Only tall guys!\" many guys may figure you don't want to date them and move on, even great guys. The same is also true in real life. Don't dismiss a guy who's striking up a conversation with you just because he's an inch or two shorter. That is, many women feel like they need to be with a taller guy because they feel insecure about their own size. Having a taller guy makes them feel smaller, and subsequently, more feminine. However, how you feel about yourself shouldn't be based on how your body relates to your guy's body. You need to feel secure in your own body to feel secure in a relationship with a shorter guy. Start by thinking about why you're finding it hard to be with a shorter guy. Does he make you feel too large? Are you embarrassed to be taller? Spend some time exploring your feelings. Try to change your thinking. Being shorter than a guy doesn't make you more feminine. It doesn't make you a giant to be taller than your boyfriend. Only you can decide if you feel feminine (if that's what you want) or unfeminine. Spend some time affirming yourself in the mirror. You could say, \"I love the soft wave of my hair.\" Building your confidence this way can help you get over some of your insecurities. That is, maybe you shouldn't wear your tallest heels if you're going on a first date with a short guy. That doesn't mean you should slouch--own your height. However, there's no need to draw attention to the height difference by adding more inches. Also, try to skip any comments about the height difference unless he brings it up with a joke. Just like you probably don't like people cracking jokes because you're tall, he probably doesn't like hearing jokes about how short he is. Try to skip the wisecracks, particularly when you're first starting out. If you've mostly dated guys who are taller than you, it may take you some time to adjust, and that's okay. You can even date other guys while you're adjusting, as long as you all agree you're not exclusive. Give yourself the time you need to get to know him and adjust your feelings about his height. Remind yourself that him being shorter than you doesn't make him less of a man and that you being taller than him doesn't make you less of a woman." ], "summary": [ "Decide you won't let others get you down about your height. Skip the heels. Practice \"the lean.", "Focus on what you like about him. Notice how easy it is to kiss him. Look at the data. Appreciate how he increases your height. Observe other happy couples.", "Skip the filter. Check your insecurities. Play it cool on a date. Don't crack jokes about his height. Work on your bias." ] }

{ "section_name": [], "document": [], "summary": [] }

{ "section_name": [ "Preparing Food From Scratch", "Making a Snack From Dry Goods", "Experimenting with Other Foods" ], "document": [ "Visit your local grocery store or farmers market and purchase some fresh fruits and vegetables. (Organic produce is best, if possible.) Pick up some lettuce, kiwifruit, banana, bell peppers, grapes, strawberries, blueberries, or any other fruits and veggies you like. Wash them thoroughly, and cut them up into very small pieces. Hermit crabs don't like the taste of citrus fruits like lemon and lime and will probably not eat them. They also don't like herbs (peppermint, rosemary). They tend to avoid \"Prunus fruits\" or \"stone fruits\" (cherries, apricots, plums). If you have oak trees or red maple trees in your area, these trees provide a great source of nutrition for your hermit crab. Harvest a few oak leaves and some oak bark, or some red maple leaves. Be sure to wash your leaves and bark in dechlorinated water. Oak trees have leaves with a \"lobe and sinus\" pattern. Maple leaves have three \"fingers\" (think of the Canadian flag). Oak trees drop acorns, while maple trees drop \"helicopters.\" In addition to fruit and veggies, it is crucial for hermit crabs to have some form of protein everyday. Your crab may enjoy cooked lean beef, chicken, salmon, or shrimp. Or you can add dried plankton, krill or any other dried sea creatures (available at most pet stores). Be sure the protein you provide has not been seasoned with spices or table salt. Your hermit crab can eat almost any kind of vegetables or fruit, but they are very sensitive to fertilizers and pesticides. Whenever possible, you should seek out organic produce and untreated leaves/bark. If this is not possible, all produce should be washed thoroughly in dechlorinated water. Combine a ¼ cup of chopped fruits and veggies with ¼ cup of protein. Add a few leaves or bark (if possible), and 1 tsp. of sea salt. Mix everything together. Serve 1/3 of this mix to your hermit crab each night and refrigerate the rest. Note that sea salt is different from conventional table salt. Sea salt contains natural, unrefined minerals that are healthy for your crab, whereas table salt does not.", "If you’d like to make your hermit crab a snack (in addition to his daily meal), it is as easy as a quick trip to your local health food store. You will want a store with a bulk section (such as Whole Foods), this way, you can buy just a little bit of each item, and it will be inexpensive for you. You can make a hermit crab snack from a mix of unsalted nuts, whole grains, unsweetened dried fruits, and seeds. You may also want to include nutritional yeast for added B vitamins. You only need a little bit of each item (1/4 cup or less). Nuts: pistachios, walnuts, or almonds. Grains: oats, wheat bran, wild rice, or amaranth. Dried fruits: mango, goji berries, pineapple, coconut, or raisins. Seeds: pumpkin, chia, or sesame. Choosing unsalted and unsweetened varieties is very important because table salt and processed sugar can be harmful to your crab. If you do not have access to a health foods bulk section, or if you just want to make the most of what you already have, take a look in your pantry at home. Look for any of the food items above, or for other healthy options. Look for oats, granola, whole grain crackers, raisins, or nuts. Once again, read labels to watch out for added table salt or sugar. Take all the dry foods you have purchased or found in your pantry, and mix them all together. If using granola or whole grain crackers, crumble them up or use crumbs from the bottom of the bag. Since these foods are not considered perishable, you can place some of this food in the “crabitat” and allow it stay for 3-4 days, or until your hermit crab finishes it.", "When selecting food for your hermit crab, understand that your crab can eat almost any whole, unprocessed food. Food with added table salt and added sugar (such as chips, cookies, or fast food) can have a negative impact on your crab. These foods can cause digestive distress or even illness in your crab. Do not give your crab processed food. Another favorite source or protein for hermit crabs is hardboiled eggs. This can be served as part of a meal, or as a snack. Be sure to let it cool off quite a bit before offering a hardboiled egg to your crab. Simply place eggs in a small pot and cover with water. Bring to a boil and let simmer for 8 minutes. Some crabs may also enjoy scrambled eggs. Popcorn is a wholesome food that can be given to your hermit crab as a treat. The healthiest popcorn is air-popped without oil, but any plain popcorn (without butter) can be an enjoyable snack for your hermit crab. A cuttlebone is the flattened oval internal skeleton of the cuttlefish. Dried cuttlebones can be purchased at pet stores to feed birds, hermit crabs, and other animals. Place a whole cuttlebone in your crab’s tank for him to nibble on, or crush one up and include it in his meal. Spirulina powder is a dense super-food powder made from blue-green algae. This powder can be added to your crab’s food to supplement him with amino acids, protein, iron, and vitamins B, C, D and E. Spirulina powder is available at any health food store. Provide clean, filtered water for your crab to drink. Additionally, make a saltwater bowl available to him about once a week. You will want to replace the water in the fresh water dish each day to make sure your crab stays healthy." ], "summary": [ "Purchase a variety of fruits and veggies. Harvest some leaves and bark. Add some form of protein. Avoid pesticides. Mix everything together.", "Visit your local health food store. Purchase a variety of foods. Look in your pantry. Mix everything together.", "Avoid processed foods. Make some hardboiled eggs. Pop some popcorn. Give your crab cuttlebone. Try adding spirulina powder. Make sure they have clean water." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Applying a Skim Coat", "Preparing Materials", "Preparing the Surface", "Applying the Finishing Coats" ], "document": [ "Decide how thick you want the coat, or determine the type of finish that you want (from completely smooth to rough and textured). If you are right-handed, you will be holding the skimmer plate in your left hand and the compound applicator in your right hand. You may have to adjust your technique to get the desired thickness and texture. You can always add more compound to the surface, but once dry, it is messy and time-consuming to remove. Mound the compound up at one end of a repair area, then pull it across the surface with the compound applicator. Apply firm, even pressure in the direction of the joint/crack, similar to pulling a window squeegee, such that little material is present on either side of the repair area. Start in one corner of the wall, and work down from the highest point. If you are skimming a ceiling, start at an edge and work towards the center. If you have never skimmed before, try practicing on a piece of scrap drywall. This way, you can get used to the applicator and the weight of the compound, and you can see what it will look like when dry. Once you have applied the first scoop, take another and work out of the spot you just finished. Be thorough—make sure that each new scoop overlaps with the last. Pull the coat in different directions to even out bumps and valleys regardless of how they are aligned. A repair area isn't flat: it is a low, smooth mound, made to look flat. Shine a light along the surface to identify areas where the wall is sunken, and mark those spots with pencil as you go. Patience is key, but you must work efficiently so that the mixed compound does not dry out before you finish. Give yourself enough time to complete an entire section. Try not to stop in the middle of a surface, as blending a dried section with wet compound can be difficult. Do not try to rush the application by taking a larger scoop. This may make your arms tired, it may lead to compound falling off your skimmer, and you may need to go over the area later to remove excess compound. Smooth fiberglass repair tape onto cracks and joints. Let the surface set or dry out before you apply the next coat. If repair areas are deep/large, count on 2–4 coats to get solid repairs & smooth surfaces. Do not apply excess material or try to finish with one coat—this can only be fixed by demo or lots of sanding. It is better to do many thin coats than an uneven one that needs repair.", "Joint compound—sometimes called sheetrock \"mud\"—is very fine dust mixed with water. There are two typical choices for skim-coat materials: Pre-mixed joint compound comes ready to apply to the surface. After application, it gradually dries out. As such, you can add more water to the mixture to extend your working time. If you have never applied a skim coat before, you may find it easiest to use a ready-to-use pre-mixed product. \"Quick set\" is made from the same dusty base as pre-mixed joint compound, but you must mix it with water before use. Setting compounds are like concrete: they don't dry out. Instead, they undergo a chemical reaction which makes them \"set.\" Spackling is often mistakenly used as a skim-coat. However, spackling is harder to spread, more difficult to sand, and is best used on wood trim to fill large imperfections. These could include: A ladder or scaffolding to reach high places without fatigue. This is especially important if you are applying a skim coat to a high wall or ceiling. A large five gallon bucket for mixing the skim coat. A metal mixing rod that attaches to a drill. This will make it easier to mix large amounts of compound. A mud pan. The skimmer plate. This holds the prepared compound. You will hold the skimmer plate in one hand—or place it somewhere within easy reach—while you apply the skim coat. The compound applicator of your choice. You can use a paint roller or a flat, trowel-like \"compound applicator\". The applicator should be 6\" wider than the area being smoothed. Use a 12\" applicator for leveling. A setting compound (\"quick set\") comes in bags, and you must mix it with water before using it. The bags have a time limit printed on them—often 20, 45, or 90 minutes—which indicates the working time under average conditions. Heat shortens working time and cold lengthens it. Mix your compound in small batches: if you mix too much at one time, it will start to dry out in the bucket before it can be applied. The benefit of a setting compound is that it can be sanded or re-coated as soon as it sets. This also means that you have know exactly where you will apply it and be ready, because as it stiffens it cannot be re-wetted. Setting compounds are much more durable than \"mud\" and will not come apart when wet. They are ideal for walls and ceilings in places that have been exposed to moisture, such as bathrooms and kitchens. A glop of setting compound will set even if dropped in water. Stir a bucket of ready-made joint compound with a paddle attached to an electric drill. Mix until the compound is completely smooth, adding water as needed. The resulting mixture should have the texture of custard. You can tint many joint compounds by adding tint while you are mixing. Find tint products in a hardware store. You can also add sand or other rough materials if you want a certain texture embedded in your coat. Start slow with the drill until the liquid is mixed, then gradually increase the speed. You can slowly add more liquid if you need to thin the compound. Run an image or video search for \"mixed joint compound\" to see what your compound should look like when \"ready.\" Mixing compound is much like mixing cake batter. Remember not to pull the drill mixer out of the compound while the drill is running, or you may have flecks of mud flying everywhere. It is critical to make sure there are no lumps in your ready-to-apply compound. If you do come across a lump of dry compound during application, you can probably smash it into the surrounding wet compound. If the lump is too big to crush, remove it with a small putty knife. The five gallon bucket needs to be cleaned each time you use it, or else little pieces of dry compound will carry over to your new batch. Your helper can transfer the prepared compound from the bucket into a smaller container. From this container, use either your applicator or a smaller trowel to move the compound to the mud pan. Then, your helper can start cleaning the bucket and preparing the next batch of compound.", "Remove all furniture from the room. Cover the floor with a canvas or plastic drop cloth. Cover doorways with plastic sheeting—held in place with painters tape—to contain the splatters and plaster dust within the room where you are working. Remove cover plates from light switches and wall sockets to keep them splatter-free. If there is a lot of damage (nicks, cracks, large holes), you must repair these first. You may just need to finish joints between pieces of new sheetrock; maybe you have to finish broken plaster or a plaster-sheetrock joint; or perhaps you plan to repair plaster that has begun to crack from years of settling or vibration. Perhaps you simply want to flatten your popcorn-style ceiling. Pull any nails from the surface that will receive the skim coat. Fill in the holes with joint compound. Cover any cracks in plaster walls by scraping out any loose plaster, filling the hole with joint compound, and applying joint tape to prevent the crack from spreading. Allow to dry before continuing. Dust first, then wash if necessary to remove any grease. Use a sponge or a damp towel to wipe down the surface. Use water or a wall-friendly cleaning product depending on the extent of any grime. Rinse the wall with clean water after using any cleaning product. Sweep away loose particulates with a duster, or go over the wall with the dust-brush attachment on your vacuum cleaner. Wipe light smudges with a damp, clean sponge or paper towel. For more resistant grime, try wiping the wall with a mix of warm water and mild detergent. Try rubbing stains with a paste of baking soda and water. Try mixing 1 cup ammonia, 1/2 cup vinegar, and 1/4 cup baking soda with one gallon of warm water for a powerful homemade cleaning agent. Consider using commercial surface-cleaning products like 409 and Pine-Sol. You should only skim over matte paint or primer. Any other painted surface should be primed with a basic primer, then prepared by wiping down with a degreaser. This allows the compound to attach to the surface and not slide off or bubble. If you have removed wallpaper from a wall, prime the surface again with an oil-based primer.", "Use a fine grit sandpaper (180 to 220) to smooth out any rough edges. If you marked low areas with a pencil, you can blend them into the high areas to ensure that the next coat will bond fluidly to the surface. This time, work in a horizontal direction, perpendicular to the first coat. Allow to dry. Sand once more, and run your hands over the surface to feel out imperfections that you can't see with the naked eye. With each new coat, switch direction from horizontal to vertical to ensure even coverage of the drywall. Make sure that you allow each coat ample time to dry before you apply the next coat. Vacuum the walls and make sure that there is no remaining plaster dust. Apply a primer before painting or hanging wallpaper." ], "summary": [ "Prepare to apply the first skim coat. Apply the first scoop. Keep spreading the skim coat over the repair area. Allow the first layer to set for several hours or overnight.", "Find a good joint compound/mud. Do not use spackling. Gather your tools. Mix \"quick set\" according to package directions. Stir a pre-mixed joint compound to loosen it for application. Add any tint that you want to use. When mixing, start by adding the least amount of water called for. Ask someone to help out.", "Protect furniture and entryways from dust and splatter. Determine the damage to your walls or ceilings. Thoroughly clean the walls or ceiling. Apply a water-based primer/sealer to surface, and allow to dry.", "Sand the walls. Apply a second layer of drywall mud. Repeat as necessary until the surface is smooth. Clean the room thoroughly when you are done." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Eating Vitamin-Rich Foods", "Undergoing Treatments and Taking Supplements", "Tanning under UV Exposure" ], "document": [ "Add orange and red vegetables like carrots, tomatoes, sweet potatoes, acorn squash, and red bell peppers to your diet, along with fruits like pumpkins, papayas, and cantaloupe. While beta-carotene doesn’t technically spur on melanin production, this fat-soluble pigment will accumulate in your skin to give you a natural golden glow. The effects of beta-carotene on skin pigmentation have been found most effective on lighter skin tones. Many of these foods also contain Vitamin A, an antioxidant that helps support the production of melanin. Mix dark green vegetables like broccoli, spinach, and some lettuce varieties into your diet. Despite their color, these foods also contain beta-carotene. Cooking these vegetables won’t decrease the amount of beta-carotene you ingest, so feel free to get creative in the kitchen. Vitamin E can be found in nuts, whole grains, seeds, and many fruits and vegetables including asparagus, avocados, and corn. You can get Vitamin C from citrus fruits (such as oranges, grapefruit, and clementines) as well as pineapples and bell peppers. Foods rich in both vitamins include green leafy vegetables, tomatoes, berries, and broccoli. These foods have antioxidant properties, meaning they can help protect your skin from cell damage while encouraging balanced melanin production. To get the highest vitamin levels from fruits and vegetables, eat them raw. Increased melanin production reduces the skin’s ability to take in Vitamin D from natural sunlight exposure. It’s a crucial vitamin for keeping the bones and blood healthy, so you should supplement your diet with a few of the foods that contain the vitamin. Incorporate fish like salmon, catfish, mackerel, and herring into your diet. Canned fish like tuna and sardines are good sources as well, as are fish oils including cod liver oil. Use moderation and eat these foods a few times a week to reduce your overall consumption of fat and mercury.", "Beyond incorporating vitamin-rich foods to your diet, you can boost your levels of Vitamins A, C, D, or E through supplements. Beta-carotene supplements are available without a prescription, but are typically used to treat skin conditions. Work beta-carotene-rich foods into your diet before turning to supplements. Consult your doctor to see which, if any, supplements are right for you. Speak with your doctor about this process if you’re looking to treat vitiligo, eczema, psoriasis, or another condition. You may be prescribed a 10 mg (0.00035 oz) melanin tablet to take orally. This is followed by a photochemotherapy treatment involving exposure to UV light. Alternatively, the tablet can be dissolved in a bath and taken topically. The synthetic peptide hormone Melanotan II will speed up the body’s production of melanin. This results in a darker skin tone without any UV exposure. In consultation with your doctor, acquire the product legally with a prescription. You can use a sterile 27 gauge 1 mL (0.034  fl oz) needle to inject a dose (0.025 mg (8.8×10−7 oz) of the hormone per 1 kg (2.2 lb) of body weight) into your abdominal folds. Repeat this process on a weekly basis until you reach your desired skin tone. Note that Melanotan-II is not FDA approved. It is typically sold online. However, sale and consumption are banned in the U.S., Europe, and Australia. Dermatologists warn against taking these injections due to the unknown long-term effects. Melanotan II was designed as an erectile dysfunction treatment. Be aware of the hormone’s ED-related effects.", "To develop an even, all-over suntan, first apply sunscreen with a minimum SPF of 15 (SPF 30 or more is a safer choice). Lay out on your back under direct sunlight with your skin exposed. After about 20 or 30 minutes, flip over to your belly. Another 20 or 30 minutes later, cover up your skin and get out of the sun. Repeat this process a couple of times per week and you’ll start to notice your skin tone gradually deepening. Skin cells produce melanin as a way of protecting their DNA from UV damage. As you’ve probably noticed in sunnier seasons, exposing your skin to more UV radiation spurs on the production of melanin and your skin gets darker. When your skin takes in more UV radiation than it can handle, you’re left with thermal burns and blood flow increases to that area, leaving your skin red and irritated. Sunburns damage your skin cells and halt melanin production. Don’t overdo your sun exposure. Instead, limit yourself to 1 hour per day. Give your skin time to rest away from the sun’s UV rays between tanning sessions. Don’t attempt to get a serious sunburn to “start” your tan. This habit is a myth and will slow your progress toward a gradual tan. Sunburned skin can develop skin cancer and early signs of aging. Remember that since melanin production is a sign of skin cell damage, there’s not a “safe” way to get a suntan. Apply sunscreen with an SPF of 15 or more to all exposed areas of skin. This includes easy-to-forget areas like your feet, ears, and scalp. Lather on more sunscreen than you think you should – 1 fluid ounce (30 mL) of sunscreen should effectively cover your body. Reapply sunscreen once every 2 hours, and immediately after your skin gets wet. Sunscreen doesn’t stop you from tanning, but it will help protect you from burning. Healthy, hydrated, and supple skin cells are more likely to maintain an even tone and repair themselves from UV damage. If you’re not in the habit of hydrating yet, carry around a water bottle and gradually increase your consumption from 1 bottle to 5 or more. Drinking plenty of water will prevent you from becoming hydrated. Dehydration plus overexposure to the sun can lead you to feel very ill. You won’t be worrying about your tan if you get rushed into the emergency room for an IV drip. Book an appointment at a tanning salon and select either a horizontal or vertical tanning bed. While you’re in the bed, wear protective goggles and a bathing suit. Rotate your body to achieve an even tan. Start out with short sessions of 5 to 7 minutes. In consultation with a salon technician, gradually increase your sessions once you have a deeper skin tone. The use of tanning beds is strongly discouraged by dermatologists and doctors since they can cause skin cancer. Technically, though, they do emit UV rays that will encourage melanin production and darken your skin tone over time." ], "summary": [ "Consume foods with high levels of beta-carotene and Vitamin A. Eat foods containing Vitamins C and E. Add oil-rich fish to your diet to boost your Vitamin D intake.", "Take vitamin supplements to combat vitamin deficiencies. Consider melanin pills and PUVA therapy to treat serious skin conditions. Take synthetic melanin hormone injections to darken your skin.", "Lay out under natural sunlight to develop a tan. Avoid getting sunburned at all costs. Wear sunscreen every day and reapply it regularly. Hydrate your skin by drinking lots of water every day. Spend time in a tanning bed to increase UV exposure." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Freezing Peppers", "Drying Peppers", "Canning Peppers" ], "document": [ "Any type of pepper can be frozen, either raw or already roasted. The peppers typically remain flavorful for eight or nine months, but they will be mushy once thawed. This makes this method best suited for peppers that will be diced and used in recipes. Unlike most vegetables, peppers do not need to be blanched to maintain quality while frozen. This makes freezing a faster, easier preservation method than with many vegetables. Hot peppers can cause a painful skin rash. Always wear rubber gloves while handling hot peppers, and avoid touching sensitive areas of your body, such as your face. Wash anything that comes into contact with the peppers with soap and warm water before using it for anything else. While more scientific studies are needed, there is anecdotal evidence that latex gloves may not be able to prevent \"burning\" from prolonged contact with hot peppers. Cut the peppers in half and scoop out the seeds and the white membrane inside. Slice the peppers into strips, or dice them into small pieces, depending on how you prefer them in your recipes. Red peppers are often roasted before freezing, but this is optional. Cutting hot peppers before freezing is optional. Spread the cut peppers out in a single layer, so they will freeze separately from each other and not stick together. Put the tray in the freezer until the peppers are frozen firm, checking about every twenty minutes. A baking sheet with sides is best to prevent the peppers from falling, but you may use any flat tray. Alternatively, wrap each pepper in wax paper or another freezer-safe material instead, to keep them separate from each other. Move on to the next step. Once the peppers have been tray frozen, they are unlikely to stick together into one lump in the freezer. At this point, they can be collected and placed in airtight, waterproof containers, such as freezer-safe zip locked bags or sealed plastic containers. Remove as much air as possible from bags before closing. Keep your freezer at 0ºF (–17.9ºC) or below for safe, long-term preservation. Label the containers with the variety of pepper, or with the general description, such as \"spicy\" or \"bell pepper\".", "to create spice powder, or to preserve for cooking purposes. Peppers can be dried without any special equipment, although a dehydrator or oven can speed up the process. Peppers preserved in this way can keep for several months if stored properly. Once preserved, they can be crumbled in a blender to make a spicy topping, or soaked in water for 20 minutes to regain a palatable texture, then used in a recipe. These methods can be used for any pepper, although green peppers and bell peppers may take several hours longer than red chili peppers. Remove seeds and membranes, then cut into thin strips or cubes for fastest results. Keep the oven temperature at the lowest setting possible to avoid burning, or set a food dehydrator to 140ºF (60.5ºC) or less. Depending on the type of chili, strips or cubes may take anywhere from 4–10 hours to become completely dry. Check every couple hours, or every hour for an oven due to the less consistent temperature. You may preserve roasted peppers this way. Roast until the outer skin blisters, then cut and place the unroasted side face-down on the oven or dehydrator rack. If daytime temperatures are above 85ºF (30ºC), and full sunlight is available, you may dry hot peppers outdoors. First, remove the seeds and membrane from the peppers, then cut them into strips or dice them. Lay them out on a mesh tray or a cookie sheet for several days at least, until brittle. Bring them indoors at night if the temperature drops low enough to form dew. Bell peppers are typically too moist and thick-skinned to sun-dry. Try the oven or dehydrator instructions instead. Creating a string hung with produce, or a ristra, can provide decoration while you dry, and doesn't require anything besides a dry room with good ventilation. Thread a heavy needle with fishing line or twine, pierce the top stem of a chile, and loop the line around the top. Repeat with each chile, using the same length of fishing line, and hang the whole line up to dry. This method is only recommended for hot red peppers, since they have thin skins with lower water content. Green peppers or bell peppers are likely to grow moldy before they finish drying. Tie clumps of two or three chiles together to create a more decorative braided ristra.", "Despite popular misconceptions, all types of pepper are considered a \"low acid\" food, and cannot be preserved with water-bath canning unless an acid, typically vinegar, is added to the peppers. However, the vinegar's pickling effect creates a flavor that many people enjoy. This method is also one of the best ways to retain most of the peppers' crunchy texture. Note: Because this process can be complicated, reading all the instructions is recommended before you begin. A water-bath canner will make this easier. If you have a pressure canner, see tips for a way to preserve peppers without pickling first. Put sturdy, undamaged canning jars and lids through a hot dishwasher cycle, or place them in a pot of water and simmer, below boiling point, on the stovetop. This helps keep the jars clean, and prevents them from shattering when boiling water is poured into them. You'll need tongs to remove jars and lids from hot water. Peppers should be prepared for preservation by washing them, removing the stems and seeds, and cutting them to the size you wish. Using larger jars or non-canning jars may be unsafe for this recipe. Leave about 1/2–1 inch (1.25–2.5 cm) of head space at the top of each jar. About 1 lb (0.45 kg) of peppers is typically required for each 1 pint (475 mL) jar. Vinegar can be used as a preserving fluid for peppers, provided it's the correct type of vinegar. Try to use a high-quality vinegar with at least a 5% acetic acid content (or 50-grain strength).). Avoid using homemade vinegar unless you can be sure it meets this level of acidity. Clear liquors will preserve the original color of the pepper, while cider and wine vinegars can darken the peppers but will otherwise work just as well. A typical canning bath batch of nine pint jars (or nine 500 mL jars) requires at least 9 cups (or 2250 mL) solution. At least 1/3 of the solution should be vinegar to safely preserve the pickles, but the other ingredients are up to your taste preferences. Here are two suggestions: For bell peppers, use 3 cups (700 mL) vinegar and 3 cups (700 mL) water, and 3 1/2 cups (815 mL) sugar. Add 4.5 tsp (22.5 mL) canning or pickling salt for flavor, unless you want to make a low-sodium version. Optionally, add 9 peeled cloves garlic for flavor. For hot peppers, or a mix of hot and sweet peppers, try 5 cups (1200 mL) vinegar, 1 cup (240 mL) water, and 2 tbsp (30 mL) sugar instead of a tarter result. Optionally, add 2 tbsp (30 mL) canning or pickling salt, and 2 cloves of garlic. Transfer the vinegar and water solution to a large pot over medium or high heat. Wait for the mixture to reach a rolling boil, then immediately remove from heat. Boiling helps eliminate germs and microbes that can contaminate the preserved peppers. If you accidentally leave the solution boiling for more than a couple minutes, you may wish to add a little more vinegar and bring to a boil a second time. Over-boiling can destroy some of the acetic acid in the vinegar, which is the main preservative. Pour your hot mixture of vinegar, sugar, and water into each pepper container until the peppers are fully covered by liquid. Try to still leave about 1/2 inch (1.25 cm) of space at the top of the jar or container. Run a knife around the rim of each jar to dislodge air bubbles. Use a damp, freshly cleaned cloth to wipe the inner rim of each jar for additional cleaning. Seal the canning jar according to the manufacturer's instructions, typically by placing the lid on top and screwing the rim over it and the jar. Fill a water-bath canner, or a large pot with a metal rack on the bottom, about half full of water. Heat this until it is almost boiling, then lower the sealed jars onto the rack. Move the jars so none of them are touching each other, or the sides of the container. The water must be deep enough to cover the jars with at least 1–2 inches (2.5–5 cm) of water. The jars must be boiled for a certain amount of time, to create a safe environment for preservation. Start timing the peppers once the water begins boiling, not when they are lowered into the water. If the boiling is interrupted, you must begin timing from the beginning. If you are at a high altitude, start with the times below, then add an additional 2 minutes per 1,000 ft (300 m) above sea level. Boil hot peppers for at least 15 minutes in jars up to 1 pint (500 mL). Boil sweet peppers or bell peppers for at last 10 minutes in jars up to 1 pint (500 mL). Safe boiling times for larger jars have not been established for these recipes. You may be able to find another pickled pepper recipe with a recommended boiling time for 1 quart (1 L) jars. Store your finished peppers in a cool, dark place, no warmer than 75ºF (24ºC). Under these conditions, the pickled peppers can typically last for one to two years. Once you open a jar, keep it in the refrigerator until the peppers are eaten. Do not eat pickled peppers from a jar with a rounded or bulging lid, or if the peppers have turned brown or black." ], "summary": [ "Freeze peppers to preserve flavor, but not texture. Wear rubber gloves if the peppers are spicy. Wash and cut the peppers. Freeze the peppers on a baking sheet. Transfer the peppers to an airtight container.", "Dry peppers Dry any pepper in an oven or food dehydrator. Try drying chili peppers in full sun. Alternatively, hang red chili peppers up to dry for several weeks.", "Follow this process to preserve peppers safely for up to two years. Wash and heat canning jars and lids. Wash and prepare the peppers. Fill clean canning jars 1 pint (500 mL) or smaller with peppers. Select a strong vinegar. Mix vinegar, water, and optional ingredients. Bring this mixture to a boil. Add the hot vinegar mixture until the peppers are submerged. Clean and seal the jars. Place the jars on a rack in a pot of hot water. Learn how long to boil the jars. Allow to cool." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Taking Preventative Measures", "Using Home Remedies", "Implementing Verified Medical Solutions" ], "document": [ "Infants with cradle cap often have other symptoms related to dry, easily-irritated skin. Use a humidifier in your baby's room to keep the air moist and humid so his or her skin doesn't get too dry. Applying a moisturizer while the scalp is still slightly damp and warm after bathing can help trap moisture in the skin, preventing it from becoming dry and scaly. Use a lotion or ointment formulated for babies' sensitive skin. Cradle cap is in some cases caused by an allergy to baby formula. If your baby has red patches on his or her face and experiences diarrhea and other allergy symptoms in addition to cradle cap, talk to your doctor about switching to a formula that is healthier for your baby.", "The baby's scalp won't be harmed if you use your hands to take off the \"cap.\" It's the simplest, and one of the most effective, ways to get rid of the scales and dry patches that occur when a baby has cradle cap. Rub your fingers over the scaly patches, then gently peel and scrape away the scaly dead skin and discard it. If you don't want to use your fingers to pick off the scales, put on a pair of thin latex gloves (as long as your baby isn't allergic to latex). You could also cover your hands with plastic wrap to prevent directly touching the scales. Keep in mind that cradle cap is not contagious, and picking off the scales will make your baby more comfortable. Don't use tweezers or another sharp tool to remove the scales, since you may accidentally poke the baby's head and cause an injury. every day. Use warm water to bath the baby's head, and gently massage his or her scalp with your fingers. The water will help loosen the cradle cap scales, when you can then peel or scrape away. Using a mild baby shampoo can help loosen the scales, so consider adding one to your washing routine. However, you may find that shampoo dries the baby's scalp out further. Use a soft-bristled brush to help loosen the scales while the baby's head is still wet. Sometimes cradle cap scales need a little outside help before you can peel them off. Spread baby oil or petroleum jelly on the dry patches, then wait 15 minutes to let the scales soften before removing them. Olive oil and vegetable oil also work well for removing the scales. Use shampoo and warm water to wash away the oil when you're finished. Leaving traces of oil can actually make the problem worse by causing more scales to form.", "When cradle cap keeps coming back a few days after you scrape it away, switching to a medicated shampoo a few times a week might be an effective treatment. Dandruff shampoos contain tar, which reduces flakiness and helps prevent skin from drying out. Shampoos containing the antifungal medication ketoconazole or 1 percent selenium sulfide may also be used to treat cradle cap. Dandruff shampoos that contain salicylic acid aren't recommended for babies, since this ingredient may be harmful to babies and it can be easily absorbed through their skin. Talk to your doctor before using a medicated shampoo on your baby's scalp. He or she will recommend a shampoo brand or provide you with a prescription for the shampoo that is right for your baby's needs. If your baby's scalp is inflamed, red or itchy, hydrocortisone cream, which is also used to treat rashes and bug bites, might help relieve the symptoms. Check with your doctor before using an over-the-counter hydrocortisone cream." ], "summary": [ "Humidify your home. Moisturize the baby's scalp after bathing. Consider the baby's diet.", "Remove the scales with your fingers. Wash the baby's head Use oil and jelly.", "Use a medicated dandruff shampoo. Consider using hydrocortisone cream." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Writing to a Friend You Haven’t Seen in a While", "Wrapping up Your Email", "Starting Your Email", "Writing the Email Body" ], "document": [ "It’s normal for people to fall out of touch, but you should still offer an apology to start off on the right foot. You could say, “I’m sorry it’s been so long since we talked. I’ve been really busy.” Since you haven’t talked in a while, you probably have a lot to catch up on. Tell your friend about any exciting developments in your life, and ask what’s new with them. You could say, “Since we last talked, I started dating someone. It’s been going great. Have you started dating anyone?” Spend a little time talking about the things you both love. If you’re avid soccer fans, use a few lines to recap your favorite team’s most recent game. Don’t forget to ask for their opinion, too. Say something like, “That game the other week was insane! What did you think about the final goal?” If you want to invite your friend to hang out soon or attend your party, now’s the time to let them know. You might say, “I’m having a baby shower next Tuesday evening. Do you think you can make it?", "Explore the formatting bar, which is a row of icons located at the top or bottom of your window, to check out different font and text color options. If your email is about a serious subject, it’s best to stick with plain black text in a basic font. If your friend has a different email server, some fonts may not show up. Arial, Times, Verdana, Trebuchet, and Geneva are usually safe. Try not to go overboard with different fonts and colors. Your text should still be easy to read. If you’re writing a fun email to a good friend, a few cute emojis here and there could make your email extra friendly. However, if you’re writing an email about a more serious topic, you should steer clear of emojis. They’ll make your email seem too lighthearted. Be careful not to use too many emojis--it can be distracting. Send your friend kind wishes, let them know if you’d like them to write back, and tell them you hope to see them soon. You might say, “I hope that you have a great week. I can’t wait to hear from you!” End your email with a closing, like “best wishes,” “talk to you soon,” or “love.” Then, skip a couple lines and type your name. Click the “insert photo” button, which usually looks like a picture or camera icon. It’ll be next to all the other formatting buttons. Then, you can pick photos from your computer to upload. If you’re writing an email telling a friend about your new dog, it might be a good idea to send along a picture of the pup! Try to only attach a few photos. If you attach too many, your email may end up in your friend’s spam folder. When you’ve finished your email, read through it once or twice to look for spelling and grammar mistakes. A mistake-free email will be easier for your friend to read. If you’re a kid, get a trusted adult to help you out. Double check to make sure you have the right email address for your friend, too. When your email is ready to go, click the button at the bottom of your email that says “send.” All done!", "Before you start your email, make sure that you have the correct email address for your friend. If you’ve sent an email to them in the past, you can find their email in your email contacts. Otherwise, you can ask another friend. Type their email address into the box labeled “To.” The subject box is located below the “To” box and labeled “Subject.” Summarize your email in a few words here so your friend knows what to expect. If you’re just writing to say hello, your subject line could be as simple as “Hi!” If you’re writing to invite your friend to your birthday party, you could make the subject, “Invitation to my birthday party.” Start your email with a greeting, followed by the person’s name and a comma. Since this is an email to a friend, you can say something casual like “hi,” “hey,” or “hello.” ”Hi Kate,” is an example of a basic greeting. Skip a line, and ask a question like, “How are you doing?” or make a statement like, “I hope you’re doing well.” This shows your friend you care about them.", "Maybe you’re writing to see how their vacation is going, or to check in after an illness. Either way, start off your email by stating your purpose for writing. Say something like, “I heard you had the flu, and I wanted to see how you’re doing.” Now that you’ve finished your introduction, it’s time to get down everything you want to tell your friend. Break up big chunks of text into paragraphs of three or four sentences to make your email easier to read. You may want to use all caps to show your excitement, but it can seem like you’re yelling. Instead, use asterisks or bold your text to highlight the important parts. Ask questions related to what you’re saying. This shows your friend that you’re interested in their opinion, too. If you’re talking about your trip to the beach, you could throw in a question like, “Have you been down to the beach yet this summer? If not, you should totally go.”" ], "summary": [ "Apologize for the lack of contact. Update them on your life and ask about theirs. Talk about common interests. Add an invite or request near the end of the email, if you want.", "Experiment with different fonts and text colors. Add emojis if appropriate. Finish up by wishing them well. Close and sign your email. Attach images if you need to. Proofread your email. Press send.", "Find your friend’s email address. Choose a subject that summarizes your email. Open with a greeting. Ask them how they’re doing.", "Tell them why you’re writing. Tell them what you want to say in a few paragraphs. Avoid all caps text as much as possible. Ask questions every so often." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Keeping Ants Away", "Repelling them With Natural Methods", "Using Bait and Sprays" ], "document": [ "Regularly sweep, mop and vacuum your floors to get rid of all the tiny crumbs that tend to collect there. After each meal, wipe down your table and countertops to remove all remnants of food. Ants are attracted to even the tiniest of spills, so make sure to clean up after yourself regularly to keep them from coming in. It's important not to leave food out for more than a little while - otherwise, the ants will sense that it's there and come to get it. If you have an ant problem, you might have to take extra measures to make sure your food is packaged tightly. The following foods should never be left out where the ants can access them: Maple syrup Juice Sugar Cracker crumbs Fruit with thin skin, like strawberries Is it easy for ants to walk right into your house? You might want to look into sealing your doors and windows so that the ants won't be able to come inside. Use caulk and door seals to take care of the crack under your door and along the sides of your windows. Examine your house from the outside, too, to determine if there are any holes or cracks where they might be coming in.", "This substance is completely natural and safe for use around humans and pets, but it kills ants and other crawling critters. It's composed of ground up fossil pieces that cut into insects' exoskeletons when they walk over it. Sprinkle diatomaceous earth in corners, under the sink, in windowsills, and anywhere else you often see ants. Every week or two, vacuum up the diatomaceous earth and replace it with fresh powder. This substance doesn't work as well in humid areas, since it loses its sharpness when it becomes wet. If you have a lot of black ants on your carpeting, cover it in a fine layer of baking soda, let it sit for a few hours, then vacuum it up. You can also apply cornstarch to a surface and vacuum it up immediately before you try to vacuum up the black ants. The added cornstarch in the vacuum will suffocate the animal. Certain natural sprays act as insect repellents. You can easily make your own by adding 10 drops of essential oil to a cup of water, then pouring it into a spray bottle. Spray the mixture all over your house to keep ants away. Here are a few essential oils to try: Eucalyptus oil (don't use this one if you have a cat) Tea tree oil Lavender Peppermint Lemon Windex You might already have a box in your laundry room. This household substance doubles as a very effective insecticide. Simply sprinkle boric acid in corner and around room perimeters. Ants and other critters will die after crawling over the powder. If you don't have any other repellent on hand, try sprinkling some cinnamon in the room where the ants are gathering. Ants are repelled by the fine powder and strong smell. While sprinkling cinnamon won't kill the ants, it might keep them from coming back.", "Using a commercial bait is a very effective way to kill black ants. Ants are attracted to the bait, which is a mixture of poison and a sweet substance. The ants eat some bait and bring some back to the nest, where the rest of the colony is also exposed to the poison. Over the course of one or two life cycles, the ants will be destroyed. If you decide to use bait, be sure you take the precaution of making sure that there are no children or pets in the area. Commercial ant bait is available in hardware stores for about $4 per box. Follow the instructions on the packaging to get the bait traps ready, then place them on your countertops, in corners and in any other areas where you frequently see ants gather. If possible, place a trap in front of an ant trail. Different types of bait traps require different preparation. Some traps require you to place a few drops of bait on pieces of cardboard, then place the cardboard around your house. Other traps simply require peeling back a plastic wrapper and setting out the traps. Bait traps take a little longer to work than spraying and other methods of killing ants, but they are ultimately much more effective. Over the course of a few days, the ants will carry the bait back to their nest and poison the rest of the colony. In the meantime, make sure your house is clean of other food sources so that the ants eat the bait, not crumbs or sticky spots in your kitchen. If you want to make doubly sure the ants are gone for good, you can spray a pesticide as well. Purchase a store formula, mix up the contents based on the instructions, place the solution in a sprayer and spray the infested rooms. You may also apply the solution to the perimeter of your home to keep ants from coming inside. Make sure that children and pets stay away from the sprayed areas, since they can become ill if they ingest the chemicals. You can also purchase an aerosol spray to apply directly on the black ants. These are usually indoor formulas that work well in areas like your kitchen. Apply the spray anywhere you see ants, and any cracks and/or crevices that you see them crawl into. This method usually leads to immediate death so sweep up any dead ants and dispose of them properly. If you spray in an area that children or pets may be in, be sure to adequately wipe down and clean the area so no one gets sick from the spray." ], "summary": [ "Keep your floors and countertops clean. Keep food stored away. Seal your doors and windows.", "Use diatomaceous earth. Use baking soda to clean carpets. Try an essential oil spray. Use boric acid. Try cinnamon powder.", "Buy commercial ant bait. Place the bait traps in the affected areas. Wait a few days for the traps to work. Try spraying with a pesticide." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Handling a Severe Case", "Using a Piece of Cloth as a Sling", "Improvising a Sling from Clothing" ], "document": [ "A homemade sling may be a good choice for minor arm injuries, but it's not enough to ensure proper healing in the case of serious fractures or dislocations. Allow a doctor to examine the injury, take x-rays, and discuss a treatment plan with you. A doctor's final treatment plan may involve the use of a sling – but your injury might also require a cast or surgery. If you use a homemade sling to set a broken bone or a dislocated limb, your arm might heal poorly. You may experience lasting discomfort, and you may need further medical attention. Common symptoms of broken arms include: Intense pain Tenderness Swelling Loss of motion or decreased sensation Possible open wound with bone sticking out Difference in appearance relative to the uninjured arm Common symptoms of dislocated arms (most commonly in the form of a dislocated shoulder) include: Pain in the arm, shoulder, and/or collarbone Deformation (a bump on or near the shoulder) Swelling Bruising When a broken bone sticks through the skin—or a wound forms in which bone is visible following a fracture—this is called an \"open fracture\" or \"compound fracture.\" These fractures are exceptionally painful, dangerous, and difficult to treat. Be aware that the types of injuries that cause compound fractures can also cause other serious trauma. It is essential that you get yourself prompt, effective medical treatment. Do not try to realign compound fractures without the help of a qualified medical professional. The only exceptions to this rule are rare, special cases: when you will not be able to secure immediate medical treatment, and setting a compound fracture by hand is preferable to the alternative of doing nothing at all. You should only ever attempt to realign broken bones when signs of poor circulation appear. Again: if possible, wait for a doctor to reset your broken bones. The exception is when it appears that a fracture is preventing blood from circulating through the limb. Your limb may not be receiving any blood if the area of the limb past the fracture looks pale or blue, has no pulse, loses sensation, or grows cold. In these cases, the potential loss of the limb outweighs the dangers of having an amateur re-set the bone – or of doing the job yourself. If this is the case, visit How to Realign a Fractured Bone for more information.", "This method uses a square of fabric to replicate the functionality of a real sling. Depending on your height and size, the precise size of the cloth you'll need can vary. For most people, a square of fabric that's roughly 40 inches (1 meter) on each side will work well. Ideally, you'll want a fairly inelastic piece of fabric - stretchy fabric allows your arm to bend and move, which can aggravate your injury. One easy way to get a 40 inch (101.6 cm) square piece of fabric is to cut an old pillowcase or bed sheet that you don't mind ruining to size with a pair of sharp scissors or a fabric knife. In a pinch, you can even use your bare hands to tear these things to the right size. When it comes to your sling fabric, err on the side of using a fabric square that's too big, rather than too small. A sling that's too big can be tightened by adjusting the knot behind your head while wearing the sling, but there's no real way to make a sling looser than the length of its fabric allows. Next, you'll want to fold the fabric of the cloth across itself diagonally to form a triangle. When worn as a sling, the \"fat\" middle portion of the triangle will support your arm and the thin corners of the triangle will form a comfortable neckband behind your head. If, for some reason, you find that the sling isn't comfortable while folded, you can alternatively cut the square diagonally to create the same shape. When wearing the sling, your arm will be held in contact with cloth which, if you're making your own sling from home materials, has probably not been disinfected. Thus, if your injured arm has any open wounds, it's extra-important to insure that all of your wounds are cleaned, dried, and carefully bandaged before you introduce them to the sling's material. Below is a rough guide for cleaning minor wounds - see How to Care for Minor Abrasions and Scratches for more information. If you have a serious injury or see a bone at the site of the injury, don't attempt to make yourself a sling - go to a hospital immediately. First, wash any open wounds BUT do not use extremely cold or extremely hot water. And use slow flowing water. Not harsh. If you do anything mentioned not to, you will surely hurt your arm even more. Remove dirt or any other debris from the wound with a clean pair of tweezers if it is not rinsed out by water. Apply a bandage over the wound. Use a bandage that covers the wound completely with no adhesive portion touching the wound itself. If needed, you may want to place clean gauze between the bandage material and the wound. You also may need to have a splint, in which case you should apply it first before the sling. Do not directly touch the wound unless you have medical experience. Next, you'll want to take off any rings, bracelets, and/or armbands that you are wearing on the injured arm. If the injured arm swells as it heals, jewelry (particularly tight-fitting pieces) can constrict the flow of blood to the arm, causing pain and irritation and even becoming stuck. Position your injured arm at a 90 degree angle across your chest (horizontal to the floor). Use your other arm to slip the folded, triangular piece of fabric over the shoulder of your uninjured arm. Let the rest of the fabric hang so that it lies behind the injured arm with the \"point\" of the umbrella pointing roughly towards the hip that is on the same side of the body as the injured arm. Use your uninjured arm to grab the corner of the triangle that is pointing towards the floor and bring it up across your body, over the opposite shoulder as the other end of the fabric, and behind your neck. Do this gently, as the fabric should now be touching the injured arm and can jerk on the arm if pulled roughly. The length of the sling material should be such that the injured arm can hang comfortably at a roughly 90 degree angle. Your fingers should extend just far enough beyond the \"cuff\" of the sling that it's possible to use them for simple tasks like writing while the hand is still supported by the sling. If this is not the case, adjust the fit of the sling as needed. When you've found a comfortable length for your sling, tie a simple knot in the two ends of the sling material to secure the sling behind your neck. If you need to adjust the height at which your sling hangs, loosen this knot and tie a new one either further \"up\" or \"down\" the length of the fabric. Congratulations! Your new sling is ready to wear. If this knot uncomfortably digs into your neck, slip a small pad or towel under it. Be sure to avoid the hair at the nape of your neck when tying your knot. If you accidentally tie some of your hair into the knot, it can be painfully yanked when you move your arm or walk. If you have a safety pin handy, pin the two edges of the sling material near your elbow together. This creates a \"backstop\" for your elbow to rest against. Without this backstop, it's possible for your arm to slip out the back of the sling as you move or for the sling material to bunch up near your wrist. A sling transfers the weight of your injured arm onto your upper back and neck. This added burden can cause back and neck strain - even if you don't experience serious strain, over time, you'll probably notice that your sling causes the area between your shoulder blades to become fatigued. Lessen this effect by maintaining proper, erect posture. See below for brief posture instructions: When you stand while wearing your sling, keep your back straight and your shoulders in a pulled-back but relaxed position. Keep your chin up and avoid slouching. When you sit while wearing your sling, keep your back against the chair's backrest, if there is one. Keep your back straight and upright. Keep your head and chin up so that your neck stays straight. Keep your feet planted on the ground. Don't sink into a slump or slouch. If you can comfortably support your arm on the chair's armrest, you may do so. If at any point while wearing a sling, you experience severe back or neck pain, see a doctor. Avoid wearing a sling if you have a known neck or back ailment.", "Modern slings are much more comfortable, ergonomic, and protective than what most individuals can craft. However, arm injuries can happen and you may have to improvise. If you are injured in the wilderness while on a camping trip, if may be impossible to obtain cloth to make the sling above. It is certainly better than no sling at all. Use a sweater, sweatshirt, button-up shirt, or other long-sleeved garment. Tie the garment's sleeves behind your head and carefully insert your injured arm through the loop formed. Allow the clothing material to support the weight of your arm somewhere along the forearm or wrist - wherever is comfortable. Try to adjust the length of the garment's sleeves that your knot allows to hang so that your arm can hang at a roughly 90 degree angle (horizontal to the ground). If you have safety pins handy, you may want to try \"closing\" the fabric of the long-sleeved garment around your elbow as a makeshift backstop for your sling as described in the method above. One piece of clothing seemingly tailor-made for improvised slings is the belt, due it having the built-in ability to form a loop with an adjustable size. Secure the belt buckle behind your neck and slip your arm through the loop formed by the rest of the belt. Allow your arm's weight to be supported by the belt along the forearm or wrist. Tie or fasten the belt behind your neck so that your arm is supported at a 90 degree angle. The belt's buckle can be uncomfortable against the back of the neck, so may want to shift the belt so that the buckle is in the length of belt stretching between your arm and neck. You can also put padding between the belt and your neck for greater comfort. If you're injured in an office setting or while wearing formal wear, a necktie can suffice as a makeshift sling until a real one is available. As with the methods above, simply tie the necktie behind in a simple knot your neck and pass your arm through the loop formed. Adjust the positioning and length of your makeshift sling so that your arm hangs at a 90 degree angle. Duct tape can be used very effectively to help immobilize the arm. It has strength, flexibility, and a fabric-like quality which lends itself quite well to this situation. A loop of duct tape can substitute for a belt or tie, supporting the wrist, arm, and elbow. Duct taping the injured arm to the torso can help reduce movement. Be sure to avoid getting duct tape residue on the skin. Duct tape should be faced so that it does not adhere to the skin. The types of situations in which you'll need to make a sling from your clothing are usually situations in which actual medical care is for some reason unattainable. If your injury is at all serious or persistent, seek the help and advice of a trained medical professional as soon as you can. Improvised slings are usually better than no sling at all, but they are no substitute for a real sling (to say nothing of the other treatments for an injured arm that a hospital can provide). It's better to be safe than sorry - don't risk worsening your arm injury by neglecting to show it to a doctor." ], "summary": [ "Seek medical attention for broken bones or dislocations. Head straight to the emergency room if you can see a bone in the wound. Only try to reset a bone if you are at risk of losing a limb.", "Find a suitably-sized square of cloth. Fold the cloth in half diagonally to make a triangle. Clean and dress any wounds before wearing the sling. Remove any jewelry from the injured arm. Slip one end of the cloth under your arm and the other over your shoulder. Bring the other end of the sling over your other shoulder. Tie the ends of the sling behind your neck. If desired, close the edge of the sling with a safety pin. Maintain good posture while you wear your sling.", "Improvised slings are not as good as professionally-designed slings. Use a long-sleeved garment as a sling. Use a belt as a sling. Use a tie as a sling. Duct tape. Seek medical attention (and/or a real sling) immediately." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Assembling Multiple Cake Layers", "Making a Basic Butter Cake", "Making an Icing" ], "document": [ "If you made a single round cake or Bundt cake and want to make a layer cake, take a sharp knife and cut the cake in half to separate the top and bottom into two layers. If you baked more than one cake and are going to layer them, don’t cut them in half. Place the cakes in the refrigerator for about an hour before frosting it. This will make the cake stiffer, less delicate, and easier to work with. Place the bottom layer of cake on a cake plate. With a frosting knife or icing spatula (or a regular butter knife), spread a thin layer of icing on top of the first layer of cake. Refrigerate for 15 minutes before proceeding. If you want to add an extra element to your cake, consider adding a layer of fruit, jam, custard, or ganache on top of the icing. Raspberry, strawberry, and cherry are traditional fruit or jam choices to pair with cake. Carefully place the second layer of cake back on top of the first layer. With your frosting knife, apply a thin layer of frosting to the entire cake. This is called the crumb coat, and it will keep the final decorative layer of frosting clean and crumb free. If you made a Bundt cake, don’t forget to frost the inner well along with the outside of the cake. Refrigerate the cake for 20 to 30 minutes before applying the final layer of frosting. If you are using a glaze, drizzle glaze evenly over the top of the cake one spoonful at a time. Allow the glaze to drip down over the sides of the cake. Apply a thicker and even layer of frosting over the entire crumb coat. Use the back of the spatula or knife to even out the frosting and make the surface as smooth as possible. For an added touch, sprinkle the top with fruit, coconut flakes, cocoa powder, or citrus zest. Serve immediately, or cover with a lid until you're ready to eat. ", "Along with your ingredients for the cake recipe, you'll also need some utensils and equipment, including: A hand mixer or stand mixer Cake pans: one 9-by-13-inch pan, two nine-inch pans, or one Bundt pan Grease or parchment paper A large mixing bowl A large spoon or paddle For this butter cake recipe, you will want your oven preheated to 350 F (177 C). While you're waiting, grease your cake pans with butter, baking spray, or vegetable shortening. On top of the greased pan, sprinkle a pinch of flour to create a light dusting. If you'd rather not used greased pans, you can instead line your cake pan with parchment paper. Add the butter and sugar to your mixing bowl. Beat the ingredients together with your mixer on low speed. Continue beating for five to 10 minutes. As the butter and sugar incorporate, increase the speed to medium, and finally to high for the last minute or two. Creaming the butter and sugar together in this way will create a light and fluffy cake that has plenty of volume, because the process whips air bubbles into the butter. Crack each egg separately into a small bowl and beat it a little before adding it to the flour and sugar mixture. This will give you time to remove any shell pieces, and will prevent the mixture from curdling. Turn the beaters on low and have them running as you add each egg. You want the eggs at room temperature because a warm egg won’t decrease the final volume of the cake. Continue beating the mixture until all the eggs have been incorporated and the mixture is smooth and yellow. Beat on low until everything is incorporated. Don’t overmix, as this will produce a cake that’s tough instead of fluffy. Once added, beat the mixture on low for about 30 seconds. If there is any unincorporated batter on the sides of the bowl, use the spoon or paddle to scrape it down. Increase the speed to high and continue beating for a minute or two. If you're making more than one cake, divide the batter evenly between the two pans. Use your spoon to wipe the sides of the bowl so you don’t waste any batter. There are a few ways to tell when your cake is ready, and they include when: The cake springs back when pressed gently with a finger The cake starts pulling away from the sides of the cake pan A toothpick inserted into the center of the cake comes out clean Place the cake on a wire rack and let it sit for 10 to 15 minutes. After this time, remove the rack from under the cake and place it on top of the cake pan. Flip the cake pan over and let the cake slide onto the rack. Let the cake continue cooling to room temperature before storing or frosting. If you are going to be serving and eating the cake immediately, proceed with layering, filling, or frosting. For a cake that will be used within the week, wrap it in plastic and store it in a cool, dry place on your counter. For a cake that will be used within three months, wrap it in plastic and store it in the freezer.", "There are many different types of frostings, icings, and glazes you can use to finish your butter cake, and a vanilla buttercream is a common and delicious choice. To make this frosting: Place 1 cup (225 g) of softened butter in a mixing bowl or the bowl of a stand mixer. Beat on medium for about three minutes. Working in 1/2-cup increments, add 3 to 4 cups (345 to 460 g) of confectioner’s sugar (add closer to 4 cups for a firmer icing). When all the sugar has been incorporated, turn the beaters to high and mix for 10 seconds. Add a pinch of salt and 2 teaspoons (12 ml) vanilla. Beat until incorporated. Beat in 2 to 3 tablespoons (30 to 45 ml) of milk or cream until the frosting reaches the desired consistency. This is a variation on a basic buttercream, but the brown butter adds a richness and nuttiness to the frosting. To make this frosting: On medium heat, melt 6 tablespoons unsalted butter (85 g) in a small saucepan. Stir constantly until the butter foams, bubbles, and turns a golden color. This will take about four to six minutes. Remove from the heat and cool to room temperature. In a mixing bowl, add butter, 3 cups (345 g) confectioner’s sugar, and 1 ½ teaspoons (9 ml) vanilla. Beat on medium speed, and slowly add 3 to 4 tablespoons (45 to 60 ml) milk until you achieve the desired consistency. Chocolate is another great frosting type for a butter cake, and can add another dimension to the vanilla flavor of the cake. This recipe is similar to a vanilla buttercream, but you add chocolate and malted milk powder to the mix and use less vanilla. In a mixing bowl, add ½ cup (115 g) softened unsalted butter and 1 teaspoon (6 ml) vanilla. Mix on low to combine. Continue mixing, and gradually add in 2 cups (230 g) confectioner’s sugar, ½ cup (59 g) cocoa powder, ½ cup (65 g) malted milk powder, and a pinch of salt. One tablespoon (15 ml) at a time, add in 7 tablespoons (105 ml) of milk until the frosting is smooth, light, and spreadable. Citrus glazes also work well with butter cakes, and they are less rich than a buttercream frosting. You can use any citrus you want, or a combination, including orange, lemon, lime, grapefruit, or any other citrus you prefer. For the glaze: In a medium bowl, whisk or beat together 1 cup (115 g) confectioner’s sugar, ¼ teaspoon (the zest from a small wedge) orange zest (grated), and 1 tablespoon (15 ml) of juice from a freshly squeezed orange. Whisk until all the ingredients are incorporated and you have a smooth icing." ], "summary": [ "Cut your cake. Chill the layers. Frost the top of the bottom layer. Add the second cake layer and frost. Add the final layer of frosting. Finished.", "Assemble your supplies. Preheat your oven and prepare your pan. Cream together the butter and sugar. Beat in the eggs. Beat in the flour, salt, and baking soda. Add the milk and vanilla. Pour the batter into the cake pan. Bake the cake for 25 to 30 minutes. Allow the cake to cool. Frost or store the cake.", "Make a basic vanilla buttercream frosting. Try a brown butter frosting. Indulge with a malted chocolate buttercream frosting. Go for an orange glaze." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "On iPhone", "On Desktop", "On Android" ], "document": [ "Tap the Skype app icon, which resembles a white \"S\" on a blue background. Doing so opens Skype if you're logged in. If you aren't logged in, enter your Skype email address (or username, or phone number) and password when prompted before continuing. Once the person begins calling you, your iPhone's screen will change to display the name of the caller at the top of the screen and answering options at the bottom of the screen. At the top of the screen, you'll see \"Skype Audio\" if the caller is using audio and \"Skype Video\" if the caller is using video. This tells you which type of call you'll participate in if you accept the call. If the contact is calling with video and you don't want to answer with video, you'll have to tap Decline and then call the contact back by tapping the phone-shaped \"Audio\" button in the upper-right corner of their conversation page. It's a white checkmark on a blue circle in the bottom-right corner of the screen. It may take a few seconds before you can hear (or see) the caller.", "Click or double-click the Skype app icon, which resembles a white \"S\" on a blue background. This will open your Skype page if you're logged in. If you aren't logged in, enter your Skype email address (or username, or phone number) and password when prompted before continuing. When using Skype on desktop, you have the option to respond to an incoming call with audio only or with video in addition to audio. If you don't know which option the caller prefers, start with audio. You can always switch to video later. Once the person begins calling you, your Skype window will change to alert you that you have an incoming call. It's a white phone icon on a green circle in the upper-right side of the Skype window. Doing so will answer the call. If you want to take the call using your webcam, you'll instead click the green-and-white video camera icon in the top-right corner of the Skype window. It may take a few seconds before you can hear (or see) the caller.", "Tap the Skype app icon, which resembles a white \"S\" on a blue background. Doing so opens Skype if you're logged in. If you aren't logged in, enter your Skype email address (or username, or phone number) and password when prompted before continuing. When using Skype on Android, you have the option to respond to an incoming call with audio only or with video in addition to audio. If you don't know which option the caller prefers, start with audio. You can always switch to video later. Once the person begins calling you, your Android's screen will change to display the name of the caller at the top of the screen and answering options at the bottom of the screen. It's the white phone icon on a green background at the bottom of the screen. If you want to respond with video, you can tap the green-and-white video camera-shaped icon at the bottom of the screen. It may take a few seconds before you can hear (or see) the caller." ], "summary": [ "Open Skype. Wait for the Skype call to come in. Check the type of call. Tap Accept. Allow the call to connect.", "Open Skype. Determine whether you want to answer with video. Wait for the call to come in. Click the \"Audio\" icon. Allow the call to connect.", "Open Skype. Determine whether you want to answer with video. Wait for the Skype call to come in. Tap the \"Audio\" icon. Allow the call to connect." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Filing for Custody in a Paternity Case", "Filing for Custody When Facing Domestic Violence", "Filing for Custody in Divorce or Separation", "Filing for Guardianship" ], "document": [ "To have full rights to custody or visitation, the father must be recognized as a legal parent. Once paternity is legally recognized, he has rights to custody or visitation, and also the obligation to child support. It is illegal to have a child and not pay toward his or her well-being. This is the simplest way to establish paternity. This can be done at your local court, welfare office, family law facilitator or registrar of births. You can also receive the form by mail and sign it before a notary public. POP is a program in the California Department of Child Support Services that acts as a court. Once your declaration is filed here, the declaration will be legally binding and you will have custody rights. You will need to apply for a new birth certificate with the father's name afterward. If there is a dispute about who the father is, you will have to talk to your family law facilitator about how to bring an action in your specific case. You can find your family law facilitator by following the link for your county from the California Court’s Family Law Facilitators List. This will need to be signed by both parties once the father has been established as having the rights and responsibilities of a legal parent. In order to fill out this form, you will need to come to a custody and visitation agreement. You need to make a copy for yourself and for the other parent. The original will be filed with the court. The court will stamp the papers as \"filed,\" keeping the original and returning the copies to you. Once the forms are filed, the court has approved the order and it is legally binding.", "If there is still interest in maintaining a relationship between the parent and child, a mediator may suggest visitation under strict guidelines. If your child(ren)’s other parent is abusing you, you may ask for both custody and a domestic violence restraining order at the same time. The forms you need as well as interactive instructions for completing and filing the forms, are provided online. Following the instructions included with your forms, type or print neatly in blue or black ink, filling in each numbered item as necessary. California family court services can provide assistance. Just check with your local county court or online at the California court website. You county facilitator can look at forms to make sure that you have filled everything out correctly. You can find your family law facilitator by following the link for your county from the California Court’s Family Law Facilitators List. You need to make a copy for yourself and for the other parent. The original will be filed with the court. The court will stamp the papers as \"filed,\" keeping the original and returning the copies to you. Once the forms are filed, the court has approved the order and it is legally binding. If you file a restraining order and a custody order, you can then take action against your ex if the stipulations of these are broken.", "During a divorce that involves children, one of the major questions will be who gets custody, and what the non-custodial parent's visitation rights will be. It is best if the plan can be created together with the child's or children's best interests in mind. Remember that change is difficult for children. Try to put aside previous disputes and personal desires, and make rational decisions about the future of the children. Physical custody is defined by who the child lives with. If it is possible for the child to live in a place consistent with where they have been living that is probably preferable to a big move. Remember that handling the child's day to day needs is a major undertaking and you need to have the capacities and resources to handle it on your own. Legal custody is defined by who handles major decisions in the child's life. This does not have to be the same person who has physical custody. For example, one parent can have physical custody while they have joint legal custody. The decisions the legal custodian is responsible for include what schools are attended, which religious institutions, if any, are joined, and what doctors and dentists the child sees. If you have any trouble reaching agreement, try talking with a third party who can act as a neutral negotiator to help you make the best decisions. A mediator can be a lawyer who understands all the relevant legal details, although they do not have to be. A mediator cannot be an attorney who already represents one of the sides of the divorce. If your difficulties are in resolving emotional disputes, a counselor can act as a mediator to help in putting aside anger and resentment when your child's interests are at issue. If you come to an agreement or you negotiate a reasonable option through a mediator, but your ex refuses to follow it, you can turn your agreement into a court order. Before you file the forms with a judge, your agreement is binding just between the two of you. Once one of you stops following the agreement, you can bring a legal authority in to enforce matters. If you are unable to come to an agreement, you can return to a mediator. A judge will enforce an agreement that has been reached. This will need to be signed by both parties and will serve as a legal contract between the two of you. Following the instructions included with your forms, type or print neatly in blue or black ink, filling in each numbered item as necessary. If you are unable to agree on what the details of the custody and visitation form should be, you will need to consult a mediator. California family court services can provide various forms of assistance to help parents come to some kind of contract that best serves the needs of the child or children. Before anything is signed, it is best to make sure things are in order and as you intend them. If your county has a family law facilitator, ask that they review your forms before you file them, to ensure that you have completed everything correctly and your case will not be held up due to missing information. You can find your family law facilitator by following the link for your county from the California Court’s Family Law Facilitators List. When you file a form with the court, make sure you have a copy and the other parent also has a copy. The court clerk will stamp the original and the copies as \"filed\" and retain the original document. This means the agreement is legally binding. If the other parent is not holding to the agreement that you reached, you can now take them before a judge with a charge.", "A guardian can be a grandparent or other relative, or a friend or appointee of the state, who is interested in caring for the child while the parents are unable or unwilling to do so. It is not the same as a full adoption. Adoption legally erases any rights of the birth parents and declares the adopting parents to take on those rights. Guardianship just establishes custody, and leaves the birth parents an avenue to reestablish custody. The forms you need as well as interactive instructions for completing and filing the forms, are provided online. Following the instructions included with your forms, type or print neatly in blue or black ink, filling in each numbered item as necessary. California family court services can provide assistance. Just check with your local county court or online at the California court website. You county facilitator can look at forms to make sure that you have filled everything out correctly. You can find your family law facilitator by following the link for your county from the California Court’s Family Law Facilitators List. You need to make a copy for yourself as well as both parents and any other relatives or agencies who are concerned with the child. The original will be filed with the court. The court will stamp the papers as \"filed,\" keeping the original and returning the copies to you. Once the forms are filed, the court has approved the order and it is legally in motion. Serve the copies of the papers to the relatives and agencies who previously were caring for the child. To insure that everyone is fully aware that you have taken custody, the papers must be legally served by someone unconnected to the case, who is 18 years or older, to every concerned party. The server must fill out a \"proof of service\" form and return this to you. You will need one for each person you are giving notice to, or \"serving\" the forms to. After the papers have been served, the court needs to be notified that everyone involved in the case is aware of the petition. If the server gave the papers to the concerned parties in person, he or she will fill out the Proof of Personal Service form. If the server sent the papers by mail, they will fill out a different form, the Proof of Service by Mail form. Both of these are attached to Notice of Hearing--Guardianship or Conservatorship. You will be granted a hearing at which interested parties will have the opportunity to make statements regarding the motion. There may be an investigation or interview before the official hearing. Arrive on time, answer any questions clearly and politely, and do your best to make a good impression. The judge will then decide whether to grant your petition. If you are granted custody, you need to file the Order Appointing Guardianship of the Child with your county clerk. This confirms that the decision of the judge was what you were seeking and tells the city what has happened. If you do not file the official order it has not been certified. If your petition is granted and certified, you will need to follow up with yearly reports to the court on the status of the child and your guardianship." ], "summary": [ "Establish parentage. Sign a Voluntary Declaration of Paternity. File your Voluntary Declaration of Paternity with the Paternity Opportunity Program (POP). Bring an action to establish parentage. Fill out a Stipulation and Order for Custody and/or Visitation Form. Make copies of your forms. File the forms with your county clerk.", "Consider supervised visitation. Fill out a Domestic Violence Restraining Order Form. Have your forms reviewed. Make copies of your forms. File the forms with your county clerk.", "Work on a parenting plan. Decide who will get physical custody. Decide who will get legal custody. Talk to a mediator. Get a court order. Fill out a Stipulation and Order for Custody and/or Visitation Form. Have your forms reviewed. Make copies of your forms. File the forms with your local court.", "Decide to seek custody as a non-parent. Fill out a Petition for Appointment of Guardianship form. Have your forms reviewed. Make copies of your forms. File the forms with your county clerk. Give notice to all parties. File Proof of Service forms with your county. Attend your hearing. File your court order." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Constructing the Laser", "Focusing the Laser", "Obtaining a Diode" ], "document": [ "The laser driver is the electrical component that controls the functioning of the laser. The diode will likely need soldered to the laser driver. There should be two leads coming from the diode for this purpose. Use a soldering gun to solder the leads to the driver at the positive and negative terminals. These terminals should be labeled on the driver and extend to the edge of the driver for soldering purposes. The driver should not be connected to any power source until soldering is complete. After the diode has been connected to the driver, you can connect the driver to a power source. Batteries are the go to choice since they make your laser portable. You will need at least AA batteries to produce a burning laser. The driver will have leads for a power supply. These leads will need to be connected to a battery pack or directly to the battery. If the leads need soldered, you will have to use a battery pack. You cannot solder onto a battery. You can buy a laser casing online to house the parts of your laser. Alternatively, you can make a laser casing from things lying around your house. Popular items used to make casings include Altos mint cans, bic lighters, and the casings of weaker laser pointers.", "A laser lens is needed to condense the light from a wide pattern to a thin beam. This concentrates the energy of your laser. This concentrated beam is what allows you to burn things with your laser. Glass lenses are better than plastic lenses, but they are more expensive. Adjust the lens to concentrate the beam when you are using the laser. This will make the beam powerful enough to burn through some materials and ignite matches or paper. Be very careful when using this laser. Do not point it at anyone or anything that does not belong to you. The laser is very dangerous when focused. It is a crime to point the laser at aircraft and/or motor vehicles. Adjust the beam so that the laser is spread out. This will make the laser less powerful when hitting any one spot. This is the safest way to store the laser in case it accidentally gets turned on. Keep in mind that the laser can still be dangerous, however. It should never be within reach of children.", "The strength of a diode will be listed in microwatts (mW). The color of the diode will be determined by its wavelength (measured in nanometers, nm). A wavelength of 650 nm corresponds to a red laser, a wavelength of 405 nm corresponds to a blue laser, and a green laser has a wavelength around 520 nm. Green lasers are the most expensive, followed by blue. Red is the cheapest. You can buy diodes online and sometimes at electronic supply stores. The diode costs can range anywhere from tens to thousands of dollars, depending on the laser you choose. If you aren't picky about the color, you can take apart an old DVD or Blu-Ray disk burner. There will be two diodes. Find the diode on the disk burning side. The one on the disk reading side is not strong enough to produce a burning laser. The diode will look like a small round light. It is likely encased in metal and will be positioned so that it can shine on the bottom of the DVD/Blu-Ray tray. Once you have located the disk burning diode, remove it from the DVD (or Blu-Ray) burner. You may have to remove small screws or cut the diode away from the rest of the burner. It is possible that the diode is encased in a metal casing. If this is the case, the casing can be left on the diode after you remove it." ], "summary": [ "Connect the diode to a laser driver. Power the laser with batteries. Encase the laser.", "Obtain a laser lens. Concentrate the beam. Widen the beam when you are finished.", "Select a diode strength and color. Take apart an old DVD or Blu-Ray disk burner. Salvage the diode from the disk burner." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Becoming a Professional", "Training to be a Broadway Actor", "Promoting Yourself as an Actor" ], "document": [ "You may be able to audition for a Broadway show if you live in a major city which is hosting auditions, but if you really want to make it on Broadway, you should live in New York. You will be more available to your agent and have many more auditions available to you. New York can be very expensive. Be sure that you have savings to last you for several months once you arrive. The average monthly rent on a 900 square foot unit in New York City is $2815. Add utilities and the higher cost of food, and you can plan on needing at least $3500 per month. Many people live on the outskirts of the city in Queens or Brooklyn, and some even live across the river in New Jersey. These can be cheaper options than living in Manhattan, and the public transit system makes the commute quick, easy and cheap. Actor’s Equity Association, also referred to as Equity and AEA, is a union for actors in America. It’s purpose is to provide protection for the professional actor and enforce guidelines regarding pay, breaks, insurance and other professional needs. On the other hand, many professional theater companies will only use Equity actors, especially in leading roles, as a way to weed out actors with less experience. In order to join you must first be eligible. You may be able to join if you are cast in a production under an Equity contract. You may be allowed to join Equity if you are a member of one of their sister unions, SAG-AFTRA, AGMA, AGVA, or GIAA. You must have been a member for at least a year, remain in good standing and have performed a significant role under their jurisdiction. You can register as an Equity Membership Candidate, or EMC, to earn credit toward membership by working at an Equity theater. The cost to register is $100, and you must work at least 50 weeks in an Equity house to become eligible to apply for membership. Broadway stages often only work with talent agencies when they are looking to cast important roles for a Broadway show. Using a talent agent helps streamline their process, since the agent will knows their actors and can submit only the people who they know could fit the role. Having a talent agent is going to be necessary to getting in the door of a Broadway audition if you want a lead role. Submit your headshot and resume to agents in New York City along with a cover letter. Ask other actors which agent they use and if you can use that actor as a reference in your cover letter. Invite agents to come see you perform when you are in a show. Your performance onstage is very important, but your behavior off-stage is just as important if not more important. Broadway professionals and casting agents all work in the same circles. It is likely that someone who has not worked with you will consult others asking about their experience working with you before they offer you a role. Protect your reputation by being on time, following direction, and being respectful to everyone on the cast and crew. Emotions are a large part of theatrical work. Do your best to keep the emotions in the performance and stay logical and collected when you are dealing with others off-stage.", "Even if you think you are born with the natural talent to be an actor, you will need some legitimate training to list on your resume and help you get jobs. Find classes in your area to increase and practice your skills. This is also a great way to meet other professionals and aspiring actors. Consider a degree in theater from your local college or seek out classes at your local theater. Colleges with highly respected acting programs in New York include Juilliard, Columbia and NYU. Training programs are also available throughout New York City. Some respected companies are HB Studios and Atlantic Theater Company School. Most of the shows on Broadway are musicals. This means that not only must you be a good actor, but you will need skills in singing and dancing. Find a dance school which offers training in all of the different styles of dance used on Broadway, including ballet, tap, and jazz. The more well-rounded your dance abilities are, the better you will be able to adapt to the style of any show. Keep up with your dance practice. You can begin to lose strength and flexibility if you don’t dance and stretch regularly. Once you can sing, dance and act, the theater world will deem you a “triple threat.” You will be able to provide everything required of a Broadway actor. The best way to train your voice is the personal attention of a vocal coach, who can find your range and fine tune your skills. Look for coaches at your local colleges. Consider asking a music director to work with you personally. This will help you gain experience and build your resume. Gaining experience onstage is important to growing as a performer, as well as creating a name for yourself. If you are available for a role, take it and perform to the best of your ability, no matter the size of the part. The director is there to help you and the other actors come together to tell the story. Listen to what the director says and perform your part. Learn from every experience no matter how small the role may be. If the director is not giving much feedback on your performance. Ask specifically for input. Explore your role and ask questions about your character and performance.", "Headshots are photographs of your head and shoulders. Actors are required to have both a headshot and resume when submitting for a role. Headshot used to be black and white, but the current expectation is that headshots are full-color. Make sure the picture is current and looks like you. If you age or change your hairstyle, you will need to get new headshots. Bring several different clothing options to the photoshoot and have pictures taken wearing different shirts. Don’t wear distracting patterns or colors. Keep your outfit simple so the focus is on your face. An acting resume should include your contact information, body specifications, experience, training, and special skills. List your most recent roles first and work your way backward. Your name should be at the top of the resume and in the largest font. If you are a member of an acting union list the abbreviation for the union after your name. If you have an agent, they will give you a stamp to add to your resume to replace your personal contact information. List your height, weight, hair and eye color, and make sure that it is accurate. Never lie on your resume. Only list work you have actually completed. Find the auditions in your area and go to any which are offering a role you would fit. Auditioning itself is a good way to continue working on your skills. It is an opportunity to perform for influential casting directors and artistic directors. You can find auditions through postings like backstage.com, on the “call board” at the AEA office, or your agent can search and submit on your behalf. Be prepared to deal with a lot of rejection. There are any number of reasons you may not be the best fit for a particular role, and there are a lot of other actors looking to make it on Broadway. The competition is abundant and you will audition many times without being offered a role. Treat every audition seriously. Even if you are not a perfect match for this role you are auditioning for, you can impress the casting agent or artistic director who may then call you in for another role in the future. The best way for Broadway producers to see what you are capable of is to see you in action. Perform onstage off-Broadway and off-off-Broadway on your way to Broadway. Start making a name for yourself as a performer to get closer to Broadway. A bio, or biography, should consist of about four of five sentences and highlight your past work as an actor. It is a little blurb which allows the audience to learn more about you and your career. If you have a lot of acting credits, choose four or five of the top performances or roles, and mention that the ones listed are some of your favorite roles to date. Although you will be writing the bio yourself, you should use third person vernacular like “he” and “she.” List your achievements, credits and performance history using full sentences rather than a literal list. You can include your training, and some personal information to endear yourself to the reader. You can also list film and television credits in a theatrical bio." ], "summary": [ "Make the move to New York City. Join Actor’s Equity Association. Acquire a talent agent. Work hard and get along with your directors and fellow actors.", "Take acting classes. Learn to dance. Find a voice coach. Perform at your local theaters before moving to New York. Take direction well.", "Buy professional headshots. Build an acting resume. Go to auditions. Perform in plays and musicals. Write a bio for play programs." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Mixing Up No Churn Ice Cream", "Preparing a Custard Ice Cream Base", "Churning the Ice Cream By Hand", "Mixing the Base with an Electric Ice Cream Maker" ], "document": [ "For the ice cream, you’ll need a 9 by 5 in (23 by 13 cm) stainless steel loaf pan that's about 3 inches (7.6 cm) deep. Place the pan into the freezer, and allow it to chill for at least 1 hour. The reason you want to chill the pan is so that the ice cream freezes faster. If the ice cream doesn't freeze fast enough, it will develop ice crystals. Cover the pan once more, and return it to the freezer. Let the ice cream freeze for another 3 hours, or until it is solid and able to be scooped.", "Pour 3 cups (710 ml) of whole milk into a medium pot and place it on the stove. Heat the milk on medium-high for about 5 minutes or until it comes to a simmer. Take it off the heat as soon as bubbles form on the surface, and allow it to cool.You can substitute heavy cream or a combination of whole milk and heavy cream if you prefer. Once the ice cream base is fully mixed, cover the bowl with a piece of plastic wrap and leave it over the ice bath for 20-30 minutes. Alternatively, place it in the refrigerator, and chill it for 3 hours or overnight.", "You’ll need a freezer-safe, shallow pan or bowl to make the ice cream. Before you begin making the base, place the container in the freezer to chill it for 3 to 6 hours. A stainless steel pan that’s approximately 9 by 13 inches (23 by 33 cm) works well for making the ice cream. After you’ve broken up the ice cream into creamier texture, cover it again and return it to the freezer. Let it chill for another 20 to 30 minutes and then mix it again. Repeat this process another 3 to 4 times until the ice cream is firm but still creamy and smooth. If you’d like to add crumbled cookies, brownies, or candy to the ice cream, mix them in by hand just before the last time you return the ice cream to the freezer.", "Consult the manual that comes with your machine to know how long it takes for the ice cream to churn. In most cases, it will need 20 to 30 minutes to reach the proper consistency. If you want to add mix-ins such as nuts, crumbled cookies, and candy pieces to the ice cream, you should also consult your manual. You’ll likely be advised to add to them just before the ice cream is finished mixing." ], "summary": [ "Chill a freezer-safe pan. Continue to freeze the ice cream until it’s scoopable.", "Simmer the milk. Chill the mixture for a half hour.", "Freeze a freezer-safe container. Repeat the process of freezing and beating for about 2 hours.", "Allow the ice cream to process according to manufacturer instructions." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Shaping a Rectangular Loaf", "Making a Rounded Loaf", "Forming a Bloomer" ], "document": [ "Begin by shaping the risen dough into a circular shape. Use your hands to smooth it once it is round. The dough should still be plump on top and not flat. After it has been formed into a round shape, allow it to sit for a few minutes. Allowing it to sit will let the gluten relax, which will make the dough easier to shape. Take the heels of your hands and begin to flatten the circular shape into a rectangle. Use your hands to form four corners. The shape does not have to be perfect—it just needs to be recognizably rectangular. Sprinkle some flour under the dough if it sticks. Do not, however, use a lot of flour or the dough will not stick to itself when it comes time to fold it. Now that the dough is in the shape of a rectangle, fold a third of the dough on top of itself. Then, fold the bottom third down so that it overlaps the other layers. Pinch the dough where the layers meet to close up the gaps. Fold it in half again if the dough still seems loose. The dough needs to be taut to turn out well. Grease the pan with cooking oil or butter. If you are making white or wheat bread, use coarse cornmeal to prevent the dough from sticking. Gently roll the dough into the pan. The part with the seams should face down in the pan. The smooth, taut surface should be facing up. You are ready to bake the dough when it starts to rise slightly above the top of the pan. When that happens, slash a vertical line through the middle of the dough. This will allow the dough to rise evenly as it bakes. You can also use a razor blade if you don’t have a serrated knife.", "Take the risen dough and begin to form it into a spherical shape. When it has rounded out, smooth out the dough. The top of the dough should be plump and slightly rounded as well. It does not need to be perfectly shaped just yet. Once the dough has been rounded, push your fist into the center of the dough. Leave the indentation from your fist in the dough. Then, flip it over to the other side. Rotate the dough as you continue to shape it. Smooth it out as you continue to shape. Once you are satisfied with the shape, allow it a few minutes to rise before putting it in the pan to bake. Make sure that you grease the pan with cooking oil or butter before baking. If you are baking white or wheat bread, use coarse cornmeal instead of oil or butter. To create a Coburg loaf, begin with the rounded shape. Use a knife to make a deep cut down the center of the loaf. Make another cut in perpendicular to the first cut, forming a cross. Then, bake as usual. First, insert 2 to 3 fingers into the center of the loaf. Then, use your hands to push the hole outward on all sides. Once you’re satisfied with the size of the hole, smooth out the edges of the center hole. Put a towel over the loaf and allow it to rise for a few minutes before putting it into a pan to bake. To make a Cottage loaf, start with the rounded dough you’ve just created. Make another, slightly smaller, rounded dough ball. Put the smaller sphere on top of the larger rounded dough. Next, put 2 fingers through the center of a dough. Use a wooden spoon or dowel to extend the hole into the second dough. Put a towel over the loaf, and allow it to rise for a few minutes before putting it into a pan to bake. The holes will allow the 2 dough balls to weld together during baking.", "A “bloomer” means that the dough is in a cylindrical shape with slightly tapered ends. To achieve this shape, begin by rolling the dough out into the shape of a rectangle. The corners of the dough, however, should still be rounded. When you are done, the dough should be no longer than 14 inches (35.5 cm) and about 1 to 1 ½ inches (2.5 to 3.8 cm) thick. Choose 1 side of the dough and begin to roll it vertically. Roll it on top of itself so that it becomes gradually thicker. It should be about 4 (10 cm) or 5 inches (12.7 cm) thick when you are done rolling. Tuck the ends to close up any space, and smooth out the dough when you are done rolling. Put the rolled-up dough onto a baking sheet that has been lightly greased. Put a kitchen towel on top of the dough. Allow it to rise for a few minutes. After it has risen a bit more, use a knife to cut slashes into the top of the dough. Cut diagonal marks that are about 1 ½ inches apart. Typically, you will be able to fit in 6 slashes." ], "summary": [ "Form the dough into a round shape. Let the dough rest for a few minutes. Flatten the dough into a rectangle. Fold the top and bottom thirds of the dough. Put the dough face down into a pan. Slash the dough with a knife when it begins to rise.", "Shape the dough into a sphere. Push and flip the dough. Continue to shape and smooth the dough. Create a Coburg loaf. Make a ring loaf for a variation on a rounded loaf. Make a Cottage loaf with two spheres.", "Use a rolling pin on the dough to create a rectangular shape. Roll up the dough. Allow the dough to rise. Cut diagonal slashes into the dough." ] }

{ "section_name": [], "document": [], "summary": [] }

{ "section_name": [ "Creating the Newsletter", "Planning the Newsletter", "Delivering Your Newsletter" ], "document": [ "Today, most school newspapers are created digitally. Because of this, you will need to download and install some publishing software. There are many different options available when looking for desktop publishing software. Check out some of these examples of desktop publishing software to help get you started: Adobe InDesign, Corel Draw, and QuarkXpress are all professional publishing software. Scribus is open-source desktop publishing software. You can make a newsletter using Microsoft Word or OpenOffice Some people find Google Docs to be a good solution, as it allows many people to collaborate on-line. Templates will allow you to quickly create the first edition of your newsletter. A good template will also help you create new editions and give your newsletter a sense of cohesiveness. You can either start with a pre-made template or create one of your own. Most publishing software will include a number of templates for you to choose from. You can try searching on-line for free school newsletter templates. Templates allow you to easily add your own information or update old information. A good template will have spaces for both your articles and photos to go with them. You might want to make templates for specific months. For example, you might have a template for February that has a heart theme because of Valentine's day. For text areas, it's a good idea to have predefined spaces for your title, headings, and the main body of text. Once you've built or found a template, you will want to customize it. Customizing a template will let you add elements that you want to continue across all editions of your school newsletter. Take a look at this list to discover some of the things you might want to add to your template: Place the school name at the top of the front page. Add in a footer with page number, date, edition, or other information you might want to include. Putting your school logo somewhere on the front page can be a good idea. Include clip-art to give your newsletter an appealing and interesting look. You might want to have dedicated pages for certain content. For example, you could put contact information for school staff on the last page of your newsletter. You'll likely want to decide the basic layout for articles and pages. A simple two column layout can be a good way to start. After you've created and customized a newsletter template, you can begin to create content for it. The content you create should strive to meet the goals of your newsletter and be appealing to your audience. To help get you started, try reading over these examples of what a school newsletter might contain: A calendar of the year and upcoming events. Current news. Upcoming activities or programs. Birthdays. Community news. Changes in school policy. It can be a good idea to add in fun things to your newsletter, such as puzzles or games. However, the majority of your newsletter should be informative content. If a piece doesn't seem to convey any information to the reader, you may want to consider rewriting it or removing it. Always try to deliver the most information possible to your readers when publishing your school newsletter. An opinion piece on the quality of cafeteria food might be nice. However, it's probably a better idea to include a lunch schedule instead. Detailing the repair process of a restroom might be too much information. It might be better to focus on things like how long the renovation took or how much it cost. Updates on school policies should always be included. You might want to highlight student achievements in your newsletter. It can be a good idea to have small articles that introduce new staff members. You don't have to create an entire school newsletter yourself. Involving others can be a lot of fun for everyone. With more people working on the newsletter, both the content and the quality can be improved. Try asking students, staff or others to help create content or design the layout of your school newsletter. Asking students to write articles can be a good way to let them express a student's viewpoint and get in some writing practice. Having staff write articles can result in more detailed or informative pieces. For example, asking a math teacher to write about the new high-level math course would be a good idea. You might have students form a club around creating and publishing the newsletter. Asking for help with printing, publishing, or distributing might be necessary. You can check with local school staff, send a request for volunteers, or check with local businesses.", "Before you get too far in planning your newsletter, it can be a good idea to consider the goals you have in mind for it. Thinking about the goals that you want your newsletter to achieve can help you build a successful newsletter. Consider some of these aspects of a newsletter and decide what you want your own newsletter to achieve: Should your newsletter focus on events or policies? Are you going to create and publish the newsletter on your own? Do you plan on building a team to publish the newsletter? How big do you want your newsletter to be? How many people do you want to reach with your newsletter? What should the newsletter be called? You will need to decide how often you want to publish your newsletter before you begin creating it. Having a publication schedule can help you determine how often you'll need to work on the newsletter and when new issues are due. Decide on a publication schedule before planning the rest of your paper to help make it successful. If your school is either very large or very active, you may want to publish more often or publish larger papers, less frequently. If you are unsure of how often to publish, you may try publishing monthly to begin with. You probably won't need to publish any editions over the summer months if your school isn't active during them. When planning and creating a school newsletter, it can be helpful to keep your audience in mind. The goal of your newsletter will be to inform and engage your audience. Knowing your audience will allow you to write articles and content that is tailored just for them. You'll likely want to include some sections or content for the students in the community. Your main readers are likely to be the parents and adults in the community. Your newsletter should also keep staff informed, describing current events at the school. You might also want to include content that supports your local community. Once you have an idea of what your newsletter will include, it's time to think of how you will deliver it to readers. Having a plan in place for distribution will help you reach as many people as possible after your newsletter has been completed and printed. It can also be helpful to think about the size of the school. How many people do you need to reach? Consider some of these distribution methods when deciding what's best for your newsletter: It's important to remember that not everyone might be able to receive digital newsletters. You will likely want to print out physical copies as well. Physical copies will either need to be delivered or placed in a public space that allows for people to easily pick up a copy. Digital copies will likely be the most cost effective option and will allow you to reach a large number of readers.", "If you are offering printed copies of your newsletter, you will want to make them easy to find. Placing them in an area that doesn't see much traffic will likely result in less people reading the newsletter. Sending them home in certain ways can work better than others. Always make sure that your newsletter is easy to locate or is likely to be delivered successfully. You'll likely want to create a list of people who want to subscribe to your newsletter. Try leaving it near the entrances to your school or local businesses. Bring some copies to your nearby library to put out for people to take. Leaving some copies on the front desk of the main office can be a good idea. If you have the budget, your school may mail printed copies to the community. Give the paper to students to take home. Some have found that giving the newsletter to younger children increases the chances of it getting home. Digital publication can lower costs and increase the size of your reader base. There are many methods that you can use to easily send your newsletter digitally to your readers. Try using some of these methods to send your newsletter out digitally: You can use group emails to send out your newsletter. You might post new editions on your school's homepage. Use your school's social media accounts to let people know about new editions of your paper. You could build a dedicated website or blog to post new editions of your newsletter. It can be a good idea to record and track some information about your newspaper. Collecting this data will tell you how many people are reading it, how many copies are actually being used, or even what information people prefer to read about. This information can help you create a better paper and will allow you to meet the needs of your readers. Keep track of how many paper copies are taken by readers. This can tell you if you need to print more or less copies in the future. Counting how many copies are taken from different locations will tell you where the best places are to distribute the paper. For digital versions, you can track how many people download the paper and from where. This can help you learn if people are finding the paper on your school's homepage or from social media. You might include reader surveys that would allow for constructive feedback." ], "summary": [ "Get some publishing software. Create or find a template. Customize your newsletter. Create content. Keep content informative. Involve others.", "Set goals for your newsletter. Decide how often to publish. Know your audience. Pick a distribution method.", "Deliver physical copies of your newsletter. Deliver digital copies of your newsletter. Keep track of your paper." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Noticing What They Say", "Noticing How They Act" ], "document": [ "It doesn't have to be anything very obvious--maybe you start saying \"y'all\" instead of \"you guys\"--and notice if it starts popping up as part of his vocabulary. This is a way of subconsciously signaling you are on the same wavelength and try to get you to like him. If you have a slight accent, he may begin mirroring your accent without realizing it. Does she always keep things very light, with a lot of joking and talking about movies or a difficult assignment--subjects she'd probably discuss with anyone? Or has she begun to confide in you a little bit, telling you more personal things or getting really deep into her beliefs or hopes for her future? If so, she wants you to take her seriously and to build a deeper connection with you. If she looks upset or you know she's had a bad day, make a point to let her know you're available to talk, and see if she confides in you. If conversations are somewhat surface, but she gets over-the-top excited when you have things in common, she's still trying to connect with you. So when your chat about movies reveals you both love Jason Statham and she is overjoyed, she's showing that she's a good match. Ask your friends if your name has come up in conversation and see if they can find out from his friends if he talks about you a lot. If he likes you, he's going to be curious about you and what makes you tick. So if he randomly asks your friend who is on her way to basketball practice \"Oh, isn't [your name] on the team, too?\", he's very interested in you. If it turns out your name often comes up in conversation--maybe relaying something funny or interesting you said--it's a sign that you're on his mind. He may even tell mutual friends that he's really interested in getting to know you, hoping they'll tell you.", "One way to tell if a flirt really likes you is if he doesn't flirt with you. If he's a natural flirt, he's probably not putting too much thought into his actions when he's friendly with other people--that's just how he is. But if he clams up when you are near, acts fidgety and nervous and not really like himself, it could be because he is now very aware of his actions and is overthinking everything. Watch him interacting with a group of people, then walk up and say hi. See if his behavior changes--if he gets quiet, tones down his goofiness, or doesn't say much but keeps glancing at you. See if one of your friends will join the group and try to embarrass him a little--nothing mean, just a small joke at his expense. If he blushes or gets embarrassed when he'd normally take the joke in stride, it might mean he doesn't want to look bad in front of you. If you make him nervous, he may continue to be very friendly with other girls and appear to ignore you or be less friendly toward you. Not every flirty person becomes nervous when around their crush, so if they're not suddenly getting shy, it doesn't necessarily mean they don't like you. They might be the type that will give you more attention instead. If she's interested in you, she will subconsciously copy your body language. When you're hanging out, try crossing your legs and see if she does the same a few seconds after. Take a drink of water and watch for her to also take a sip. Mirroring a person's actions is a way to bond, get comfortable with each other, and send the signal that you like the other person, even if you're not even aware you're doing it. If you decide to try this in reverse - mimicking her movements so she will subconsciously feel comfortable with you--make sure you don't follow too closely or precisely. Wait a few seconds before mirroring her actions. If she picks up on what you are doing, she may think you're mocking her and the effect will be ruined. Try to notice if she's constantly glancing at you across the room or when you're in a group, then blushing or glancing away when you catch her looking. When you're having a conversation, notice if she starts looking into your eyes as though she's studying them. Prolonged eye contact or a lot of quick glances in your direction indicates she's interested in you. To see if she likes you, try holding her gaze while you're flirting. If she seems uncomfortable and looks away quickly, she's probably not interested in anything romantic. But if she stares back at you, it's a good sign that she's into you. You can find out if she's watching you by taking a small action, like appearing to look at something strange out the window. If she's watching you, she won't be able to help but look out the window, too. When you're with a lot of other people, does he seem to pick you out of the crowd? When you're having separate conversations with other people, does he suddenly chime in, alerting you that he's been paying more attention to what you're saying than the person he's talking to? If he likes you, he will constantly be looking for ways to be near you and interact with you. Go out to dinner in a group and see if he makes sure he's sitting next to you. Try to hang out a few times in group setting, and notice if he makes a point to come talk to you each time. Go to a party and try to stay until the end. If he hangs around with you long after most people have gone, he probably went to the party just to talk to you." ], "summary": [ "Start using a word a lot and see if he begins saying it, too. Evaluate the depth of your conversations. Find out if he's been asking or talking about you.", "Notice if he becomes nervous or suddenly quiet around you. Watch her movements when you're together and see if they mirror your own. Look for lots of eye contact. Get into a group situation with him and see if he pays more attention to you." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Timing Your Conception Issues", "Seeing a Specialist based on Medical History" ], "document": [ "If you and your partner have been having unprotected sex consistently for 12 months or more, then this is officially considered a fertility problem. Schedule an appointment with a fertility specialist if this is what you and your partner are experiencing. Trying to conceive means that you aren’t using condoms or any other barrier methods, aren’t taking birth control pills or using patches, or using any other type of withdrawal or timing method to prevent pregnancy. Approximately 15% of couples trying to have a baby are unable to conceive in the first year, so you aren’t alone if you’re experiencing this problem. Many women experience increased fertility problems around their mid-30s because they have fewer quality eggs. If you’re over 35, then see a specialist if you’ve been trying to conceive unsuccessfully for 6 months. It’s common for couples over 35 to take 1-2 years to successfully conceive, so don’t panic if you’re having trouble. Fertility specialists see this all the time. If the doctor discovers that your eggs are declining in quality, then the doctor can prescribe a drug like myo-inositol to support your egg health. Fertility drops in both men and women after age 40, so conceiving may be harder for you. It’s best to contact a specialist right when you start trying to conceive. This way, you can increase your chances of success and having a healthy pregnancy. If you’re trying to conceive over 40, the specialist may suggest a variety of methods, like scheduling sex around the woman’s ovulation period, to increase your chances of success. You might not have any trouble at all conceiving at this age, which is great. But it’s still a good idea to see a specialist at the start because pregnancy can be more difficult for a woman older than 40. Age also increases a woman’s chances of having a miscarriage, so the doctor’s support is important through the whole process.", "Infertility could run in families, so it’s good practice to see a fertility specialist before you start trying if family members have had conception problems in the past. The doctor can assess this family history and determine if this might affect your chances of conception. A family history of infertility is relevant to both men and women, so see the doctor either way. You might also have a personal history of infertility with a previous partner. Tell the doctor this as well. You might not want to talk about past partners around your current partner, but it’s relevant to the issue. Irregular menstrual periods could indicate a problem with your ovulation cycle, making pregnancy more difficult. If you don’t experience periods at all, then it’s likely that you’re not ovulating. See the doctor to address this issue and increase your chances of conception. A typical menstrual cycle is 28 days, but it could be a few days longer or shorter. Having periods significantly before or after this timing indicates irregularity. There are many causes of infrequent periods, including thyroid conditions, hormone imbalances, fibroids or polyps, dietary problems, diabetes, or excessive exercise. Most of these are treatable with lifestyle changes or medication. Women who have had more than 2 miscarriages may have trouble conceiving or completing a pregnancy. Talk to the doctor before you try to conceive to reduce your chances of another miscarriage. A miscarriage is defined as the loss of a fetus before the 20th week of pregnancy. The symptoms include lower back or abdominal pain and cramping along with vaginal discharge and bleeding. There aren’t specific actions you can take to prevent another miscarriage. The doctor will probably do an ultrasound to check for any growths in your uterus, then put you on a round of prenatal vitamins to support the pregnancy. Chemotherapy could cause infertility, so if you or your partner have had cancer and received treatment, then visit a specialist before your start trying to conceive. Generally, the younger you were when you had chemotherapy, the better your chances of having no conception problems later on. The infertility could be a temporary side effect of chemotherapy or other cancer treatments. The doctor may suggest waiting a bit longer for your body to recover. Some sexually-transmitted infections (STIs) can cause infertility by leaving inflammation in your reproductive system. A specialist can provide medication or minor surgery to remove this inflammation, so if you or your partner have has STIs in the past, see a fertility doctor. Common STIs that can cause fertility problems are chlamydia and gonorrhea. Most STIs don’t cause fertility issues if you caught them early and received treatment. Usually, only undiagnosed or untreated infections cause problems. Receive regular checkups and screenings to catch any infections early. While many people think about women when they hear “infertility,” some male conditions can also be the cause. If you’re a man trying to conceive with a partner, contact a specialist if you’ve experienced any of the following conditions. Unusually small testicles Swelling or inflammation in the scrotum or testicles Past injury or the groin or testicles Prostate problems" ], "summary": [ "Visit the doctor if you’re under 35 and haven't conceived after 1 year of trying. See the doctor if you’re over 35 and can’t conceive within 6 months. Contact a specialist if you and your partner are over 40.", "Talk to a specialist right away if you have a family history of infertility. Visit a specialist if you usually have irregular or infrequent periods. See a doctor if you’ve had multiple miscarriages in the past. Contact a specialist if you or your partner have been treated for cancer. See the doctor if you or your partner have had an STI in the past. Isolate any male factors that could be causing the fertility problems." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Assessing the Animal's Size", "Identifying Other Differences" ], "document": [ "A horse that is very young, and thus small, may be mistaken as pony. However, a pony is not simply a young horse. Instead, it is a different type of equine. A horse is usually fully grown once it is five to seven years old. However, it will grow very rapidly in its first year, reaching about 90% of its fully grown height in that year. The age of a horse is usually determined by inspecting its teeth. To definitively determine the age of a horse, take it to a veterinarian. Your veterinarian will inspect the horse's teeth and determine its age. The biggest difference between a horse and a pony is the size. Equine animals are measured from their withers down to the ground. Horses and ponies are measured in hands. Each hand is the equivalent to 4 inches (10.2 cm), which is the approximate size of a grown man's hand. The abbreviation for a hand is \"hh.\" It stands for \"hands high.\" Technically, a horse has to be 14.2hh or higher when it's full grown to be considered a horse. Anything below that is a pony. To measure an equine, place the end of a tape measure on the ground next to your horse or pony. Extend the tape measure up to the level of the withers. Once you get a measurement from the tape measure, you should divide it by 4. This will give you the number of \"hands high\" your horse or pony is. The withers is the point on a horse or a pony where the neck and the back join. Some small horse breeds are exceptions to the rule about horse size versus pony size. A good example are miniature horses. Miniature horses were originally bred as pets and, while very small, they are still categorized as horses. A miniature horse is no taller than 34 inches from the ground to the base of the last hairs of the mane. They come in either an Arabian build or a stockier quarter horse build. In addition, they come in a wide variety of colors, such as appaloosas and pintos, just as non-miniature horses do.", "Usually, if you know what breed the equine is, you can tell whether it's a pony or a horse. Some breeds have the word \"pony\" in the name, for instance a Shetland pony. This means that all equines in that breed are ponies, even if a few happen to be a bit taller than 14.2hh. Quarter horses are all horses, even though some of them are shorter than a horse should be. Finding out the breed of a horse may be as easy as asking its caretaker what breed it is. You can also ask the animal's veterinarian what breed it is. A pony's body tends to be stockier than a horse's body. Stockier proportions usually mean ponies have better endurance for work tasks. Their bones are thicker, their necks are shorter and thicker, and they have thick heads with broad foreheads. Ponies usually have thicker coats than horses. Thicker coats make ponies more resistant to cold weather. In addition, a horse's mane is usually smooth and relatively thin, while a pony's mane and tail are usually thick and course. Spend some time with the animal, either walking it around or petting and brushing it. Ponies tend to be calmer than horses. They are also very smart, just as horses are. Perhaps this combination of calmness and intelligence is why they are so good with children. Horses and ponies also differ in what they are good at doing. Ponies, because of their strength, hardiness, and tough build, are good at working on a farm. They can pull twice their weight, while a horse can usually only pull half of its weight. Horses, on the other hand, can work on a farm but their strength lies more in carrying people. They are not as strong as a pony but they have good stamina and can be more skillful animals." ], "summary": [ "Determine the age of the animal. Determine the size of the animal. Determine if a small equine is a miniature horse.", "Consider the breed. Assess the proportions of the animal's body. Inspect the animal's coat and mane. Determine the temperament of the animal. Determine the animal's strengths." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Toning Muscles", "Burning Fat" ], "document": [ "Some good exercises associated with tight thighs (and legs in general) include squats, lunges, deadlifts, kettlebell swings and several variations upon these exercises. Depending on what you're going for, and the resources available to you, it's good to pick some combination of strength training and isometric exercises, which only use your body weight as resistance. Consider joining a local gym, which may have several machines dedicated to exercising your legs. Doing squats is the best way to tighten not only your thighs, but your legs, buns, and abs. Do squats in different positions for different results. To do a squat, place your feet shoulder-width apart, and flex your legs until your thighs are at a 90° angle with the floor. Keep your back straight and your butt back. Then, stand back up to straight. Repeat this 20-50 times, doing sets of 10-15. The sumo squat is a great way to tone your inner and outer thighs. To do this, take the widest stance possible, then squat as low as you can. Do this 20-50 or more times a day to see fast results. Another great one is the plie squat. This is great for toning. To do this, put your arms above your head like a ballerina about to do a plie, while keeping your legs together. Then extend one leg from your right or left side, step into a wider stance and squat. Do 20-50 repetitions per day. Lunges are a wonderful way to tone the lower body. To do lunges, stand with your hands on your hips and your feet together. Extend one leg and step forward and squat with your left leg still behind you. Repeat this as many times as you can on each leg. Lunges will target and tone your thigh areas if done correctly. The great thing about lunges is that if you do do them consistently and correctly, you will see amazing results, as it takes more effort than doing squats. If you have any sort of knee issues, lunges can be difficult. Squats are a bit easier on the knees. Butterflies are done on the ground with your legs in an almost seated position. Your knees should be parallel to your groin. From there, move your leg up and down locked in that position like a butterfly flaps its wings. Do this about 50 times on each side. You can't spot-reduce fat. Any activity or diet which burns fat from your body will burn that fat proportionately over your body, not specifically near the area or muscle group which has been worked. For instance, doing squats will not reduce the fat on your buttocks and legs before anything else. Squats will help reduce the fat on your whole body, however. Here are a variety of cardio exercises you can do that will help you lose fat and tone your thighs: Jogging or running Burpees Dancing Yoga Pilates Swimming If you want to strength train with added weight, it's important to focus on doing a high number of repetitions with a low amount of weight. This is how to tone muscles. If you want to build muscles, you should focus on doing fewer reps with a higher amount of weight. An example leg workout for someone aiming for lean, toned legs might look like this: Squats (with 10lbs dumbells): 3 sets of 12 repetitions. Lunges (with 10lbs dumbells): 3 sets of 12 repetitions. Single-arm kettlebell swings (with 10lbs kettlebell): 3 sets of 20 repetitions per arm. Farmer's walk on the balls of your feet (with 20+ lbs dumbells) 2 minutes walk around the gym. nclude upper-body exercises as well. Make sure that you are also constructing a workout for the rest of your body so that you don't end up with super-strong legs and a weak and poorly toned upper body. At least a little bit of cardio in your weekly routine will also help to improve your overall health and muscle tone. You will also be able to work out more and burn more fat if you incorporate other major muscle groups and exercises into your workouts, so be sure to build a full workout routine.", "If you want to tone your muscles and lose fat, you need to burn more than you take in. It's as simple–and as complicated–as that. To start out with, replace the snack food crackers, chips, frozen dinners, and other highly-processed pre-packaged foods with basic fruits and vegetables. You don't have to stop snacking if you want to lose weight. But instead of reaching for a handful of chips, have an apple. Instead of munching on Cheetos, have a handful of grapes or almonds and berries. You can't out-train a bad diet. Even if you're working hard, you won't be able to tone your thighs if you're still eating junk. Chicken, fish, and nuts are all excellent sources of protein that are an essential part of building and toning out your muscles as you work. As you're working out, it's important to focus on getting plenty of lean proteins into your diet. 2-3 servings per day. As you're working aim for at least 5-6 servings of complex carbs per day. Brown rice, quinoa, sweet potatoes, and whole wheat pastas and breads are excellent sources of carbs for your workouts. Complex carbohydrates take a long time to digest, meaning that they'll fuel your workouts and help you to lose weight. A lot of people are carb-conscious when it comes to losing weight, and that's fine. But it's quick-digesting carbs that you want to avoid, not complex carbs. Your body needs carbohydrates to function problems, so you can't avoid them entirely. It's important to spread your eating out throughout the day, having a variety of small meals and healthy snacks all day long to keep your metabolism high and working for you, instead of against you. Instead of skipping breakfast, eating an energy bar at lunch and having a huge dinner, eat a full and healthy breakfast, and treat yourself to a handful of almonds and dried fruit when you're feeling hungry at 3 pm. This is a better way to lose weight than skipping meals. Never skip breakfasts. Eating in the mornings helps to energize your body and awaken your metabolism. Breakfast is an important weight loss tool. When you're hungry, drink a glass of water. When you're thirsty, drink a glass of water. Even if you're not thirsty, have some water on hand to make sure you're staying hydrated. People need up to two liters of water a day to stay fully hydrated. You can end up consuming extra calories when a glass of water is really what you need. Cut down alcohol. Did you know that a glass of wine is contain of as many calories as a piece of chocolate? If you regularly consume too much alcohol, you'll gain weight and it'll be very difficult to train away." ], "summary": [ "Choose leg exercises that suit you. Do squats. Do lunges. Do butterflies. Focus on full-body cardio workouts. Train with low weight and high repetitions. .", "Replace empty calories with fruits and vegetables. Focus on lean proteins. Eat complex carbohydrates. Eat at least 3-4 times a day. Drink plenty of water." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Frying the Cookies", "Preparing the Oil" ], "document": [ "The cookies will float on top of the oil and fry quickly--less than 2 minutes. Don't walk away from the pot or they may burn or over cook. Keep the cookies moving as they fry so they don't stick together. Allow the oil to heat up between batches, back to 375ºF (191ºC). Use tongs or a strainer to remove bits of batter that may be floating in the oil. Oil remains on the outer fried dough and won't reach the inside batter or cookie. Blotting excess grease will make this decadent treat slightly more healthy. The oil provides the flavor and crunch of the cookie, so don't go overboard and soak up every last drop. You can also drain the cookies on a wire rack, but using absorbent paper towel will remove more grease than letting it drip off on a wire rack. You can reuse the oil for deep frying (make sure to strain and remove any bits of batter floating around) or bring the oil to a donation point (often a waste management facility). Never pour oil down the drain. It will block your plumbing. If you can't find anywhere to recycle your cooking oil, make sure the lid is on tight and throw it in the trash or pour it over weeds. If you plan to reuse your oil within the next few weeks, store it in a cold, dark place or the refrigerator so it will last longer. If you don't have a funnel, pour the cooled oil into a paper cup, then pinch the top of the cup so you can easily pour it into the mouth of the sealable bottle or container. You can add a dusting of powdered sugar, vanilla ice cream, a drizzle of chocolate or caramel sauce, whipped cream, or any other garnish you'd like. Allow the cookies a minute or two to cool so your don't burn yourself, but do eat them while they're still warm! Keep finished cookies in an oven on low heat (about 200ºF or 93ºC) if you're doing a large batch so they will stay warm until they are served.", "The pot should be deep enough so the sides are at least 4 inches (10cm) higher than the oil. When deep frying, there should be enough oil to completely cover the food you are frying, but the pot should not be more than half way full of oil. To fry, use a vegetable oil with a high smoking point and little to no flavor, like refined peanut oil, canola oil, grapeseed oil, or safflower oil. If you don't have a heavy cooking pot, or one with a very thick, heavy bottom, you can use a wok or a deep sauté pan instead. Use a frying, candy, or thermocouple thermometer. These thermometers show temperatures up to 500ºF (260°C). To check temperature of the oil, hold it in the center of the pan. If your thermometer clips to the side of the pan it will be easy to keep track of the temperature as you work. If you don't have a thermometer, stick a wooden spoon, skewer, or chopstick into the oil. If the oil bubbles around the wood, it's hot enough for frying. You can also use a kernel of popcorn to check the temperature. It will pop in oil that is 350ºF (178ºC), so you will know when it is close to optimum frying temperature. If the oil begins to smoke, it's too hot. Carefully removed your pan from the stove to cool." ], "summary": [ "Cook Oreos until they are crispy golden brown, remembering to turn them over with tongs. Remove the fried cookies with tongs and place them on a paper towel to drain. Wait for the oil to cool, then use a funnel to pour it into an empty bottle. Serve warm.", "Pour 2-3 inches (5-7.5cm) cooking oil in a heavy cooking pot. Heat the oil to 375ºF (191ºC)." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Preparing a Power of Attorney Document", "Deciding When to Use a Power of Attorney Document vs. Seeking Guardianship", "Determining the Correct Type of Power of Attorney", "Choosing Someone as Your Power of Attorney", "Protecting Your Power of Attorney Document" ], "document": [ "Requirements for a power of attorney are similar in most states, but some have special forms to fill out. To check whether or not your state has special forms for power of attorney, you can check here. If your situation is complicated, consider hiring an attorney to help you and your loved ones carry out the proper requirements for granting power of attorney. Usually, the document granting power of attorney must: Clearly identify the principal (the person who is granting the power) Clearly identify the agent (the person who will have the specified powers) Specify exactly what legal acts the agent is entitled to perform Most states don't require government-written legal documents. However, in order to prevent any confusion and to make sure that both parties know exactly what authority is being granted, it's a good idea to use a state-issued form as a template. The specifics of the form will vary by state, and each state may have a different form for different powers. For example, Wisconsin provides different forms for a health care power of attorney and financial power of attorney. The form should include the full name of the “principal,” the person granting power of attorney. It should also name the \"agent,\" the person to whom the power is being granted. Alternate agents may also be named, in the event that the first agent is unable or unwilling to act on his or her authority. Make sure that you clearly and specifically identify the powers that are being granted to the agent, when those powers will take effect, and when (if ever) those powers will cease to have an effect. This is also the space where you will include whether the document is durable or springing if either is applicable. This will prevent confusion. For example, instead of saying that the agent “has power over the principal’s finances,” say that the agent “has the power to withdraw money and make payments from the principal’s three bank accounts: bank account X, bank account Y, and bank account Z.” If the power of attorney is durable, it's especially important to make sure that the principal and the agent are in agreement about what responsibilities and authorities are being transferred. Make sure that the principal and agent know that some powers cannot be conferred under state law. If the power of attorney purports to transfer a power under state law that cannot be transferred, the power of attorney is void as to that power. For instance, even if the principal and the agent agree, the agent cannot write or execute a will for the principal. Any such will is not valid. In some states, it is necessary to have the signing of the document witnessed by one or two people. If this is the case in your state, make sure witnesses are not only present but paying full attention as the agent and the principal sign the document. The witnesses should be comfortable testifying as to the document’s authenticity. For instance, in Florida, a power of attorney document must be signed by two witnesses, whereas Utah does not require witnesses. Check here to find out if your state requires a power of attorney document to be signed by witnesses. If you draw up a power of attorney that hasn't expired, but you no longer want it to be in effect, you can draw up this form according to your state's laws to have it invalidated. Talk with your attorney to make sure it's done correctly. You can find more information at: How to Revoke Power of Attorney", "If you want your loved one to have the power to make decisions for you, talk to them about why you want them to have this control. Make sure you choose someone who will respect your wishes as your “agent,” or the person to whom you are giving the power. If you want to get power of attorney over someone, the simplest way to do so is to get the permission of the person who may need to turn over his or her decision-making rights. If your loved one is terminally ill and knows that the time may come when he or she won't be able to make financial or medical decisions, he or she may decide to sign over power of attorney to someone else. In order for someone to grant power of attorney, he or she must be of sound mind. Talk to your loved one to make sure he or she understands what it means to sign over power of attorney, including what types of decisions will be made on his or her behalf. If your loved one is already mentally incapacitated, but previously granted power of attorney to you or someone else in a living will, it is unnecessary to take steps to obtain power of attorney. If your loved one is already mentally incapacitated and did not grant power of attorney in a living will, it may be necessary to obtain conservatorship, or adult guardianship, in order to legally carry out your loved one's affairs. If you believe that you should have control over the decisions of someone who is unable to make decisions for himself, you must go to the court and ask to be appointed as a conservator or guardian. To become a guardian of someone, they must be deemed “legally incompetent” by the court. That is, they must not be able to meet their own basic needs. If you believe that you know someone who can meet the criteria for incompetent, you may petition the court to be named guardian. The district court in the county where the proposed ward lives has jurisdiction over the guardianship petition. Once the petition is file, the court will schedule a hearing where the proposed guardian must establish: That he or she is eligible to serve as guardian That the proposed ward is incompetent That no suitable alternatives to guardianship are feasible Any interested party, including the proposed ward, may challenge the guardianship petition. For example, if you believe that your elderly mother has dementia and you should be appointed guardian, you can file a petition with the court but your mother can challenge your guardianship, and you must then prove that she does in fact have dementia in order to become guardian.", "A financial power of attorney relates to the finances of the principal, meaning the person who grants the power to control his or her assets to the agent. You would have to provide this document to banks and other institutions where the agent needed to take financial action on behalf of the principal. A healthcare power of attorney enables someone to make medical decisions for a person who has become incapacitated. You would need to provide the document to hospitals, doctors, and anyplace else that the agent will need to make medical decisions for the principal. If you want to grant both financial and medical powers of attorney, remember that you do not need to same the same person as the agent in both circumstances. However, the two people will need to cooperate to act in your best interests, so choose people who can do so. ” A “durable” power of attorney goes into effect immediately. It also remains valid when the person who grants it becomes incapacitated. For example, many seriously ill people choose a durable power of attorney because they want their agent to continue to make their decisions after they can no longer communicate their wishes, and, because of their illness, want the power of attorney to go immediately into effect. If the word ‘durable’ is not specified, the power of attorney is voided when the person who granted it becomes incapacitated. ” A “springing” power of attorney doesn’t go into effect until the principal’s specified date. For instance, if you want to grant someone financial power of attorney while you plan to be out of the country, you can specify that the document takes effect on the day you leave. You can also mix springing and durable powers of attorney. A springing durable power of attorney does not go into effect until the person who grants it specifies that it will go into effect (such as once the person becomes incapacitated) and will remain in effect through the person’s incapacitation. This does require that the agent show proof of the person’s incapacitation before the power of attorney will take effect. This type of power of attorney is not legal in all states, so make sure you check your particular state laws before attempting to draft a springing durable power of attorney. A general power of attorney may give the agent both financial and medical power of attorney. Ensure that you use the correct document for your circumstances. In some situations, such as with serious illness, a general power of attorney might make the most sense.", "Whoever you appoint as your agent will have the power to make financial and/or healthcare decisions for you. You want to make sure that you trust the person that you choose, and additionally, that they have the necessary expertise with regard to the financial and medical matters. Keep in mind that whoever you appoint as your agent will be making extremely important decisions in your stead. Consider the age, health and location of the potential agent. For example, if the agent does not live near you, it may be difficult for that person to have the required relationship with your banks (if the power of attorney is financial) or your doctors (for a medical power of attorney). While you should first and foremost choose someone who you trust, you want to make sure that the person will not refuse to carry out your wishes based on their own moral or religious views. Make sure that your agent could set aside any personal beliefs in favor of your wishes. For example, some people are very opposed to cardiac resuscitation, mechanical resuscitation, and artificial nutrition and hydration, while others strongly believe in these practices.", "An attorney may notice legal issues that people who aren't trained in legal matters would not think to include or leave out. For example, an attorney may notice that the document uses language that could been seen as ambiguous and could lead to confusion. Some states might not require you to have the document notarized. However, having the principal’s signature notarized eliminates any doubt regarding the validity of that signature. The notary must verify the identity of the principal before witnessing the signature. Notarizing the power of attorney document reduces the chance that it will be contested by an outside party who may question its validity. You can find more information about notarizing a document at: How to Notarize a Power of Attorney Financial institutions, such as banks and brokerage firms, do not want to inadvertently accept fraudulent power of attorney documents. They have requirements that must be met in order to accept the document and give the agent the powers listed. In order to make sure that your document is sufficient, show it to your bank and other financial institutions before signing it, to make sure that they will accept it after it is signed. A power of attorney is not filed at any governmental agency, but you must have it on hand to present it every time you use it. Keep it in a safe in your home or in a safety deposit box until the time comes when you need to bring it out." ], "summary": [ "Check your state’s requirements. Download or write a power of attorney form. Name the parties. Name the powers granted. Note powers that a principal cannot confer. Gather witnesses. Prepare a Revocation of Power of Attorney if you change your mind.", "Talk to your loved ones about a power of attorney document. Choose between a power of attorney document and seeking guardianship. Consider seeking guardianship or conservatorship.", "Decide if the power of attorney should be financial. Decide if the power of attorney should be medical. Determine if the power of attorney should be “durable. Determine if the power of attorney should be “springing. Avoid a general power of attorney unless you’re certain.", "Choose someone you trust. Consider the age, health, and location of potential agents. Consider the agent’s religion and lifestyle preferences.", "Consider hiring an attorney to review the document. Have the document notarized. Show the document to any institutions you want to recognize it. Save the power of attorney document." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Enjoying Day 10 or Thiruvonam", "Participating in Daily Celebrations", "Partaking in a Sadya feast" ], "document": [ "Put a bit of rice flour into your palms and gently sift it over the main entry point into your home. This is a way of signaling to others that you are celebrating Onam and would welcome their visit. Wake up bright and early to take a bath. Then, put on your formal clothes for the day, often presented to you by the eldest female family member. Women will usually wear white sarees with a border of golden thread. Men will usually don a white dhoti with a border of golden thread. Throughout the entire Onam celebration and particularly on the final day, temples and cities may shoot off fireworks. Go to one of these locations and watch the show. The display might be modest or very extravagant, depending on the local budget.", "During the morning of the first day of Onam, known as Atham, seek out a temple. While you are there, pray for King Mahabali to make a safe return from the netherworld to modern-day Kerala. Walk alongside other revelers and make your way to the city of Thrippunithura near Kochi. Pray and leave offerings of food or small trinkets when you reach your destination. It is believed that the King left the world close to this location. This is a multi-colored floral carpet that most Indian families place at the entrance of their residence. The design will start out simple and become more complex and colorful over time. For this first day, arrange yellow flowers in a basic circular design. On the second day of Onam, known as Chithira, go through your house and scrub it from floor to ceiling. Remove any extra debris or trash from inside. Look over the exterior to make sure that it appears tidy as well. On the third day of Onam, known as Chodhi, go out shopping with your entire extended family. Look for jewelry or clothing pieces that you can give to others as gifts. The gifts do not have to be extravagant, especially if you plan to give them to multiple family members. The Onam sadhya is a large meal composed of 26 delicacies. On the fourth day of Onam, known as Vishakam, each family member is expected to contribute something to the creation of this meal. Go to the market to get basic ingredients or spend your time grinding up herbs and spices. The sixth day of Onam, known as Thriketa, is when you should travel to your ancestral home. Visit the house of your oldest living relative. Meet other relatives there and exchange gifts that you shopped for a few days prior. Throughout the seventh day of Onam, known as Moolam, travel around your neighborhood and enjoy miniature sadya meals with your neighbors. Alternatively, go to your local temple and enjoy a sadhya prepared by them for worshippers. For the eighth day of Onam, known as Pooradam, purchase miniature statues of Mahabali and Vamana. Walk these statues around your house in a symbolic way of welcoming them into your home. Then, place these statues in the center of your Pookalam design. As soon as the statue Mahabali is placed on the Pookalam you’ll start to call him Onathappan instead. The ninth day is known as Uthradam or Onam eve. Go out and buy any fresh vegetables or fruits that you’ll need for your sadya meal the next day. Look over your house once more to ensure that everything is clean and orderly.", "The banana leaf is the primary table setting for the Sadhya meal and all of the food items will be placed upon it. However, the leaf itself must be in proper position with the tapered end facing to your left. It should be near enough to you so that you can reach the food without stretching overly much. Depending on the Sadhya, it’s possible to have up to 24 dishes on your leaf over the duration of the meal. This means that you can get full really quickly if you try to eat everything. Instead, each time a course is brought out, focus on trying out each of these new foods. The first course is usually a number of rice dishes. The courses alternate flavors from salty to spicy. Dessert dishes can be served at the very end or as a course right in the middle. It’s fine to go back and eat some of the foods from prior courses. But, do this only after you’ve eaten a bit from each of the more recent foods offered to you. After the last course has been served and you are done eating, gently grab the edges of the banana leaf and fold it from top to bottom. Keep folding until the leaf is now a small-ish packet and the food inside is fully contained. Pull the leaf towards you a bit. Not folding your leaf, or pushing it away from yourself, indicates that you did not enjoy your meal and is insulting for the hosts." ], "summary": [ "Scatter rice flour across your door’s entrance. Put on fresh, new clothes. Go see a lights and fireworks display.", "Visit the temples on the first day. Take part in a procession if you are near Thrippunithura. Begin to create the Pookalam. Clean your house on day 2. Hit the market on day 3. Start preparing the sadhya on day 4. Exchange gifts with loved ones on day 6. Visit other families in your community on day 7. Welcome the statues of Mahabali and Vamana on day 8. Make the final preparations for the sadya meal on day 9.", "Position your banana leaf. Concentrate on eating the most recent course served. Fold the leaf when finished." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Using Service by Publication", "Learning the Basics of Serving", "Understanding Substituted Service", "Conducting Personal Service", "Learning the Details of Service by Mail" ], "document": [ "Try personal service and service by substitution first. Service by publication can only be performed if you have a written court order giving you permission to use this method. This method of service is very rare. In all likelihood, you will only be permitted to use it if you have already tried to serve the papers in every other reasonable way possible without any success. This is the name of the official court order permitting you to use this method of service. You must file an Application for Order for Publication of Summons and a statement of Declaration of Due Diligence to the court to obtain such an order. The declaration is simply a statement regarding the efforts already made to serve the respondent. Tell the judge everything you know about where the other party might be. If you can show the court that the other party cannot be found, even if you know where the respondent should be, the judge may consider your request. If the judge accepts your request, he or she will order the notice to be published in a newspaper the judge selects for the order. After the notice has been published in the newspaper for the amount of time specified by the judge, the papers are considered to be served. The newspaper will then need to provide a sworn statement stating that the publication has been made as directed. You will still need to fill out and file this form with the court as usual. The court will attach the newspaper's sworn statement to the complete form, as well.", "If you are the petitioner—the party responsible for starting the case—you are not allowed to serve the papers. You must ask a third party who is unrelated to the case to do it for you. The individual serving the papers must be 18 years of age or older. The individual must not have a direct interest in the case. In other words, he or she cannot be the petitioner or part of the respondent. You can ask a friend, relative, co-worker, or anyone else you know if that individual meets these basic restrictions. This individual may need to be approved by the court beforehand, though. Alternatively, you can hire a professional to serve court papers, instead. You can usually find these professionals listed under \"Process Servers\" in a phone book or business directory. You can usually ask the sheriff, marshal, or constable to serve the court papers for a fee, as well. If you are suing one individual, you only need to serve that individual. If you are suing multiple individuals, you must serve each person you are suing. If you are suing a business partnership, serve one of the partners. Serve both partners only if you are suing the business and the partners separately. If you are suing a corporation, serve an officer of the corporation or their agent for service. If you are suing your landlord, serve the owner of the property you are renting. If you are suing the county, serve the county clerk. If you are suing the city, serve the city clerk. If you are suing the state, serve the Attorney General's office. The respondent must be in the state you file your petition in unless you are suing the owner of a property who lives outside of the state or the owner/driver of a car who lives outside of the state. The deadline for serving papers can vary by state, but usually, you must serve the papers to the respondent at least eight days before your court date. In some instances, you may need to serve the papers up to 30 days before the court date. For instance, if you serve papers using substituted service to someone outside of the county, you must do so at least 30 days before the court date. Check with the court when you file your petition to find out what your deadline is. Typically, papers can be served any day of the week except for Sunday. Petitions that include an order of protection can be served all seven days of the week and must be served 24 hours before a court date. In most instances, there will be plenty of time in between the date you file your petition and your scheduled court date. If you do not already know where the respondent is, you will need to find that party yourself or hire a process server to do the job for you. If you are unable to find the respondent, you must give the judge a written list of all the methods you attempted to locate and serve the other party. Include as many details as possible, including dates and places you went to in an attempt to find the respondent. If you can prove that you have made every reasonable effort to serve the papers, the judge may set a new date for the case and ask you to try further, or he/she might give you permission to serve the papers in another way (mail, substitution, or publication). When you file your petition, there are a few papers you will need to take with you when exiting the courthouse. These are the papers you need to serve to the respondent. A \"summons\" or \"order to show cause\" tells the respondent to appear at court on a certain date. You will also need to serve a copy of the petition you filed. If there has been a temporary order of any kind, that paper must also be served to the respondent. Note that you will receive a \"Proof of Service\" or \"Affidavit of Service\" form, as well, but this form will not be served. A \"Proof of Service\" form is a legal document that shows the court that you did your duty in serving the papers correctly. This form must be filled out after you served the papers and submitted to the court before your case. An example of a \"Proof of Service\" form is here: http://www.courts.ca.gov/documents/pos020.pdf The form must include the location and date on which the papers were served. You must also indicate who the papers were served to and provide a physical description of that person. The name and address of the person who served the papers to the respondent must also be provided. Typically, this form must be notarized. The individual who served the papers must sign it in front of a notary public. The respondent does not need to sign the form, however. Give the original completed form to the judge when you go to court. Note that in some states, like California, you must file the form with the court at least five days before your court date. Keep a copy of the form for your own records, as well.", "If the server has done all in his or her power to serve the papers directly to the respondent and has been unable to do so, your server can hand those papers over to a party that can legally accept them on the respondent's behalf. A competent adult, age 18 or older, who lives at home with the respondent can usually accept the papers. Similarly, an adult who appears to be in charge at the respondent's workplace or an adult who seems to be in charge where the person receives mail can usually accept the papers, as well. When passing the court papers to a substitute, your server must leave that substitute with specific instructions regarding what the papers are and what needs to be done with them. Make sure that the substitute knows that he or she is receiving court papers for a specific individual. The respondent must be named, and the substitute must be told to deliver the papers to the respondent. Get the substitute's name when you leave the papers. If the substitute refuses to provide a name, write down a thorough physical description of the substitute. When you serve papers by substitution, you must also mail another copy of all court papers by first-class mail. Address the package to the respondent. You need to send the papers to the same address the server left the papers at. Afterward, the server must fill out the \"Proof of Service\" form as usual. In addition to this form, a \"Proof of Mailing (Substituted Service)\" form must also be filled out by the server. Get both forms from the server after he or she fills them out. File them both together at the courthouse on or before your court date. Provide a postal receipt with your forms indicating that you sent a second copy of the papers through the mail.", "Personal service requires you to know the more about the location and habits of the person you're serving than the others. Since most people don't like to be sued, they will delay dealing with a potential lawsuit as long as possible, and will go to great lengths to avoid service. It will save you time and money if you can tell your third-party service agent where the target of the lawsuit might be and when they might be there. The server must give a copy of your court papers to the respondent in person. He or she must walk up to the respondent, state, \"These are court papers,\" and hand the respondent copies of all the papers related to your case. The respondent may refuse to accept the papers. If this happens, the server should leave the papers near the respondent and walk away. Doing so will satisfy the requirements, even if the respondent continues to refuse the papers or throws them away. Personal service is the preferred method of service and should always be attempted before other methods are used. After passing the court papers to the respondent, the server should fill out the necessary form and sign it in front of a notary public. This form should then be filed with the rest of your court documents at the courthouse.", "In most states, you can pay the court clerk a small fee to mail the court papers to the respondent via certified mail or first-class mail, depending on which service is required for the type of papers being served. The fee you pay is usually low and can be recovered if you win the case. In some states, like California, service by mail must be made through the court clerk and you will be unable to mail the papers yourself. Check on your own state laws regarding this type of service to determine what the restrictions are. In some states, like Michigan or Arizona, you might be permitted to send the papers to the respondent without going through a court clerk. If this happens, those papers should be mailed via certified or registered mail, and you must request a return receipt. That receipt must be signed by the respondent to the petition. Note that certified mail is required when you are serving a paper that opens a case. If you are serving additional papers related to the case after that fact, you can usually opt for first-class mail. If you pay the court clerk to send the papers, he or she must fill out the form. You will likely receive a copy and the court clerk will keep the original for the case records. If you live in a state that permits you to mail the papers yourself, you will need to fill out the form and file it as usual. Note that you will also need to include a copy of the signed receipt of delivery when filing the form with the court. Even though service by mail can be convenient, there is some chance that the judge will not accept this method of service unless strict guidelines are followed. In fact, roughly 50 percent of court papers served by certified mail are rejected. The judge must be able to read the signature on the certified mail receipt. That signature must belong to the respondent and no one else. If the respondent refuses to sign the certified mail receipt with his or her full name, that receipt cannot be accepted as proof of service." ], "summary": [ "Use this as a last resort. Get an Order for Publication. Obtain a sworn statement from the newspaper. Submit your Proof of Service form.", "Know who can serve papers. Know who to serve. Serve the papers on time. Locate the respondent. Include all the necessary documents. Obtain and file a Proof of Service.", "Know who else you can give the papers to. Instruct the substitute. Mail another copy. Fill out a Proof of Service form.", "Find the person that needs to be served. Pass the papers directly to the respondent. Fill out a Proof of Service form.", "Pay the court clerk. Send the papers by certified mail. File the Proof of Service form. Understand the risks." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Using an Auxiliary Cable", "Troubleshooting" ], "document": [ "Look for a port on the front of your stereo labeled “AUX”. In case there is no label, it will look the same as a 1⁄8 inch (0.3 cm) headphone input. If the auxiliary cord is not near the stereo, then check in the glove compartment or centre console. Generally a 2–3 foot (0.61–0.91 m) cable (.6-.9m) is plenty long and should only cost about $5 to $10. This button may also be labeled “CD” or “Source” on some stereos. Your stereo’s display will indicate which mode it is set to. If you are having trouble finding the right button, check your car or stereo manufacturer's user guide. Set the volume to about 50% or less. It is better to have the player’s volume lower to conserve battery and minimize clipping and distortion in your music.. You will want to use the volume knob to reach a comfortable listening level. This is generally easier to adjust while driving and likely a more powerful amplifier than the one on your mp3 player. You will hear the music from your MP3 player come through your car’s speakers. You may need to further tweak the volume to your liking.", "Both ends of the cable must be firmly seated in their jacks to ensure optimal audio quality. Try to avoid pinching the cable at sharp angles to maintain the cable. If your player is frequently running out of battery while in use, you can get a car adapter to connect to the car charging port. Most modern adapters will have a USB port so that you can provide your own charging cable that is sure to fit your device. Charging adapters connect to both the car and player separately from the aux cable, although some car adapters may also include an aux connection. The car stereo has its own equalizer settings that may conflict and reduce sound quality. On an iPod Touch or iPhone, go to “Settings > Music” and tap EQ under the “Playback” header, then tap “Off”. Accessing the EQ settings will vary depending on the model of MP3 player you are using." ], "summary": [ "Check that your car has an Aux input jack. Acquire a male-to-male connection cord, 1⁄8 inch (0.3 cm) to 1⁄8 inch (0.3 cm) stereo cable. Plug one end of the cable into the headphone jack of your iPod or MP3 player. Plug the other end of the cable into your car stereo's auxiliary input jack. Press the \"AUX\" button on your car stereo to cycle to the auxiliary cable setting. Adjust the volume on your MP3 Player. Adjust the volume on your car stereo. Play a song.", "Check both ends of the aux cable connection. Acquire a charging adapter. Turn off any equalizer settings on your MP3 player." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Creating a New Gmail Address on Desktop", "Creating a New Gmail Address on an iPhone", "Creating a New Yahoo Email Address on Desktop", "Creating a New Yahoo Email Address on Mobile", "Creating a New Gmail Address on an Android" ], "document": [ "Go to https://www.gmail.com/ in your browser. Doing so will open your primary account's inbox if you're already logged into Gmail. If you aren't logged into Gmail, enter your email address and password to log in before continuing. It's the profile picture in the top right corner of your inbox. A drop-down menu will appear. If you haven't set a profile picture, this is the first letter of your first name on a colored background. It's in the bottom-left corner of the drop-down menu. A new page will open. This link is to the left of the big blue NEXT button. It's a menu item near the More options link. This will include the following: First and last name A username for your new email address A password for your new email address Your date of birth Your gender Your phone number Your current email address Your location (e.g., United States) It's in the bottom-right corner of the account creation section. This option is at the bottom of Google's terms of use agreement. It's in the middle of the page. Your new Gmail address is now attached to your primary Gmail account. You can switch between the two by clicking your profile icon in the upper-right corner and then clicking the account that you want to use in the drop-down menu.", "Tap the Gmail app icon, which resembles a white envelope with a red \"M\" on it. Doing so will open your inbox if you're logged into Gmail. If you aren't logged into Gmail, enter your Google email address and password and tap Sign in. It's in the top-left corner of the screen. You should see this arrow to the right of your email address, near the top of the page. It's below any accounts you have previously signed into on your iPhone. This option is at the bottom of the page. It's near the top of the page. Doing so will open the Google sign-in page. You may have to confirm that Google can use your iPhone's information by tapping OK before proceeding. It's in the bottom-left corner of the screen. You'll see this option in the pop-out window near the More options link. Type a first and last name into the \"First name\" and \"Last name\" text fields, respectively. It's in the bottom-right corner of the screen. Select your date of birth from the Month, Day, and Year menus, then tap the Gender box and select a gender. This is the name that will determine your custom email address. For example, typing in nicklebackfan123 here would make your email address \"[email protected]\". If your entered username is already taken, you'll be prompted to select another one after tapping NEXT. Enter a password into the \"Create password\" text box, then type the same exact password into the \"Confirm password\" box. Type your phone number into the \"Phone number\" text box. You can also tap Skip in the bottom-left corner of the screen if you don't want to add your phone number to Gmail. If you do add a phone number, you may have to confirm it by entering a code that Google sends to your Messages app on the next page. You'll find this at the bottom of the page. It's at the bottom of the screen. Doing so will add your new account to your Gmail app and sign you into it. You can access it at any time by tapping ☰ and tapping the profile thumbnail (in most cases, this will be the first letter of your first name on a colored background).", "Go to https://www.yahoo.com/ in your browser. Doing so will take you to the Yahoo home page. If you aren't already signed into Yahoo, click Sign In in the top-right corner of the screen and enter your Yahoo email address and password. It's in the top-right corner of the Yahoo home page. This will open your Yahoo inbox. This option is in the upper-right side of the page. A drop-down menu will appear. If you don't see Settings here, first click the blue One click away from your upgraded inbox button in the lower-left corner of the inbox to switch to the new mail look. It's at the bottom of the drop-down menu. Doing so opens the Settings page. You'll find this on the far-left side of the page. This is in the middle of the page. It's a blue button below the \"Email alias\" heading. A text field will appear on the right side of the page. Type in the email address that you want to use as your Yahoo email alias. It's below the text field. This will create the alias and add it to your inbox. Any emails sent to this email address will end up in your primary email address' inbox. If your email address is already taken, you'll be prompted to select a different one here.", "Tap the Yahoo Mail app icon, which resembles a purple box with a white envelope and \"Yahoo!\" written on it. If you aren't already signed in, enter your email address and password and tap Sign in. It's in the top left corner of the screen. This option is near the top of the menu. It's an option below your primary account name. This link is at the bottom of the screen. You'll need to fill in the fields on this page with the following information: First and last name New email address New email password Phone number Birth date Gender (optional) It's at the bottom of the screen. Doing so will prompt Yahoo to send a text message to your provided number in order to verify your account. You can also tap Call me with an Account Key if your plan doesn't allow for texting. It will be in your phone's Messages app; the message will be from a six-digit phone number, and it will say \"[number] is Your Yahoo Account Key.\" Make sure you don't close the Yahoo app when you do this. You'll enter the five-digit code in the text field in the middle of the screen. It's at the bottom of the screen. If your code matches the one Yahoo sent you, your account will be created. You now have a new Yahoo email address in addition to your primary one.", "Swipe down from the top of your Android's screen to do so. You should see a window with icons on it appear. Tap the gear-shaped icon in the Notifications shade. You'll usually find this in the top-right corner of the shade. It's near the middle of the Settings page. You'll find this option near the bottom of the screen. It's at the top of the page. Doing so opens a Gmail sign-in page. This link is at the bottom of the page. Doing so takes you to the account creation page. Type a first and last name into the \"First name\" and \"Last name\" text fields, respectively. It's either in the middle of the screen or in your Android's keyboard. Select your date of birth from the Month, Day, and Year menus, then tap the Gender box and select a gender. This is the name that will determine your custom email address. For example, typing in illbeback here would make your email address \"[email protected]\". If your entered username is already taken, you'll be prompted to select another one after tapping NEXT. Enter a password into the \"Create password\" text box, then type the same exact password into the \"Confirm password\" box. Type your phone number into the \"Phone number\" text box. You can also tap Skip in the bottom-left corner of the screen if you don't want to add your phone number to Gmail. If you do add a phone number, you may have to confirm it by entering a code that Google sends to your Messages app on the next page. You'll find this at the bottom of the page. It's at the bottom of the screen. This will add the account to your Android's Accounts page. It should also add the account to your Gmail app, but if it doesn't, you can add the account to the Gmail app by tapping ☰ in the app, tapping {\"smallUrl\":\"https:\\/\\/www.wikihow.com\\/images\\/8\\/82\\/Android7dropdown.png\",\"bigUrl\":\"\\/images\\/thumb\\/8\\/82\\/Android7dropdown.png\\/30px-Android7dropdown.png\",\"smallWidth\":460,\"smallHeight\":460,\"bigWidth\":\"30\",\"bigHeight\":\"30\",\"licensing\":\"<div class=\\\"mw-parser-output\\\"><p>I edited this screenshot of an Android icon.\\n<\\/p><p>License: <a rel=\\\"nofollow\\\" class=\\\"external text\\\" href=\\\"http:\\/\\/en.wikipedia.org\\/wiki\\/Fair_use\\\">Fair Use<\\/a><br>\\n<\\/p><\\/div>\"}, tapping Manage accounts, tapping Add account, and signing in with your new account." ], "summary": [ "Open Gmail. Click your profile icon. Click Add account. Click More options. Click Create account. Enter your new account information. Click Next step. Scroll down and click I AGREE. Click Continue to Gmail.", "Open Gmail. Tap ☰. Tap the \"Menu\" triangle . Tap Manage accounts. Tap ＋ Add account. Tap Google. Tap More options. Tap Create account. Enter your name. Tap NEXT. Enter your birthday and gender. Tap NEXT. Type in a username. Tap NEXT. Create a password. Tap NEXT. Add a phone number. Tap NEXT. Tap I AGREE. Tap NEXT.", "Open Yahoo. Click Mail. Click Settings. Click More Settings. Click the Mailboxes tab. Click to the right of the \"Email alias\" heading. Click Add. Enter an email address. Click Set up.", "Open Yahoo Mail. Tap ☰. Tap Manage Accounts. Tap ＋ Add Account. Tap Sign up. Enter your new account information. Tap Continue. Tap Text me an Account Key. Open the message from Yahoo. Type in your code. Tap Verify. Tap Let's get started to proceed to your account.", "Open the Notifications shade. Open Settings . Scroll down and tap Accounts. Tap ＋ Add account. Tap Google. Tap Or create a new account. Enter your name. Tap NEXT. Enter your birthday and gender. Tap NEXT. Type in a username. Tap NEXT. Create a password. Tap NEXT. Add a phone number. Tap NEXT. Tap I AGREE. Tap NEXT." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Discovering Your Story", "Becoming Aware of Your Feelings", "Analyzing Your Values" ], "document": [ "Writing your life’s story can tell you a lot about who you are as well as how you view your life’s challenges, joys, opportunities, and struggles. Writing out your personal story can give you insight into what you have learned through your experiences and how those experiences have affected you. In this way, you can analyze how your experiences helped shape who you are, which encompasses your values, attitudes, beliefs, biases, reactions, and the way you interact with your world. Once you’ve written the story of your life, analyze yourself by asking the following questions: What are the themes that are present in your story? Are you always being saved or are you the person who saves others? Does your story have a theme of helplessness or ability? Is your story a love story, a comedy, a drama, or something else? If you titled your story, what would the title be? Divide your story into chapters. Why are the chapters divided where they are? What changed? What did you learn? What are the titles of your chapters? Did you label yourself in your story? Did you label others? What do those labels mean to you and what do they say about how you see yourself, others, and the world? What kinds of words do you use to describe yourself, others, and the world? What do these descriptive words tell you about your story and how you lived it? Once you write your story, you need to decide what it means. The interesting thing about writing your own story for analysis, which is called narrative therapy, is that is shows you what you think is important or crucial to your existence. It showcases those moments in your life that you feel are important or worth note. It also shows you how you view yourself and the trajectory of your life so far. For example, if you write your life as a drama, you may feel that your life is more dramatic and intense. If you wrote it as a comedy, you may think your life has been fun and upbeat to this point. If you wrote your life as a love story, maybe you are a hopeless romantic who either has great love or is hoping for one in the future. Even when you have followed all of these steps, you need to realize that it can take time. It is important to understand that becoming more aware of who you are, or analyzing yourself, is also an ongoing, lifelong pursuit. Who you are today or what you believe today may change in the future.", "Your thoughts are an integral part of who you are. They often guide how you feel as well as your attitude and perceptions of situations. Monitor your thoughts and recognize the content. Are your thoughts negative? Do you put yourself down, or always think something will go wrong? Which areas of your life are you most hard on yourself? Do this in every aspect of your life. You want to make sure you think about your thoughts every day and during all different kinds of activities. To help you keep track of your thoughts everyday, start a journal and write about your day, your struggles, your goals, and your dreams. Analyze your journal entries and take note of their quality. Are the hopeful or bleak? Do you feel stuck or powerful? Continue to analyze your thoughts to become more aware of who you are. Sometimes our perceptions of situations lead us to make faulty conclusions about what happened or what we saw. For example, if you perceived that your friend was mad at you after lunch, you may be confused and automatically think that because her mood was low, you did something wrong. Becoming aware of your perception of her mood can help you to analyze why you jumped to the conclusion she was mad at you. When you have a situation like this, take time to analyze your actions and beliefs about what occurred. Write down what you saw, heard, or felt that made you interpret the situation in the way that you did. Ask yourself if there could be other causes for your friends mood or if there are outside factors that you are unaware of. Your feelings can also give you clues into who you are and why you react to certain situations or people in the way that you do. Analyze your feelings by becoming aware of your reactions to topics of conversations, tones of voices, facial expressions, and body language. Identify what you are feeling and ask yourself why you had this type of emotional response. What were you responding to? What about it made you feel the way you do? You can also use physical cues to tune you into how you are feeling. For example, if you notice you are breathing heavier or faster, so may be stressed, mad, or afraid. If you can't figure out exactly how you feel at first, keep writing down your reactions and thoughts about certain situations. You may need time and distance from a situation to recognize how you feel. You also can ask a trusted friend or family member to help go over your thoughts and reactions to help you figure out exactly what you feel. It may be hard for you to distance yourself enough from the ideas to truly know how you feel or what these things mean about you.", "Knowing what you value can give you insight into who you are at your core. Many values are based on your personal experiences, and some change as you learn more about yourself. Sometimes values are hard to identify because the term and concept is abstract and often vague. Your values are your beliefs and ideals that you base your choices on throughout life. Identifying and defining your values will bring you closer to realizing who you are and what is important to you. In order to seek out your values, you will need to spend some time in reflection, analyzing what is important to you and which values make you who you are. Begin identifying your values by writing your answers to the following questions: Identify two people you most admire. What are the qualities they have that you admire? What is it about this person that makes them admirable to you? If you could only have three of your possessions for the rest of you life, which would they be? Why? What topics, events, or hobbies are you passionate about? Why are these things important to you? What is it about these things that make you passionate? What event made you feel the most complete and fulfilled? What about that time made you feel this way? Why? You should start to have an idea about what is important to you and what you value. Try to group these ideas, moments, or things into core values to help you have a better idea of your core beliefs and ideals. Some examples of core values include courtesy, honesty, optimism, confidence, friendship, achievement, faith, friendship, kindness, justice, trust, and peace. Use these core values to understand and know yourself better. These values should help you make choices and identify what is important to you. Through analyzing yourself in this way, you are that much closer to unlocking your true self. Your may have multiple groups of values. This is normal because humans are complex and feel many different things. For example, you may value honesty, faith, competence, and confidence, values that don't necessarily group together. But these traits show you the kinds of situations and people you value around you as well as traits you likely strive for in yourself." ], "summary": [ "Write your story. Analyze your story. Decide what your analysis means. Remember that it takes time.", "Notice your thoughts. Write a journal. Become aware of your perceptions. Recognize your feelings.", "Understand values. Identify your values. Group your core values." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Taking Small Eco-Friendly Steps", "Building and Renovating for Eco-Friendly Homes", "Making Your House Eco-Friendly" ], "document": [ "Many sites have calculators that will automatically tally up the energy efficiency of your house. It is also helpful if the site can also produce a graph or tally that can demonstrate what your house's potential could be after making some minor changes. ” Most electronic devices and appliances draw energy when they’re plugged in -- even if they’re switched off. Most Americans own 25+ electronic devices. You can cut your energy consumption by unplugging your appliances and devices when they’re not in use. You can also plug appliances and devices into power strips. Switching the strip off will prevent them from drawing power. Set your computer to “sleep” or “hibernate” when you’re not using it. You can pick up right where you left off when you come back, but your computer will use a lot less energy. Old-fashioned incandescent light bulbs waste up to 90% of their energy as heat. New types of light bulbs, such as compact fluorescent (CFL) and LED bulbs, can dramatically slash your house’s energy consumption for light. In most cases, you don’t have to do a thing to your existing light fixtures. Just buy different bulbs and swap them out! CFLs are like the fluorescent bulbs in supermarkets, but they’re shaped in a small coil and are about the same shape and size as incandescent bulbs. They last about ten times as long as an incandescent bulb. They’re usually a little bit more expensive, but they pay for themselves within a year. CFLs are a good choice for most home lighting situations. However, they usually cannot be dimmed, and they waste a lot of their energy when used in recessed or “can” lights. Because CFLs contain a small (but rarely dangerous) amount of mercury, they must be disposed of carefully. The Environmental Protection Agency has full instructions on their website. LEDs last up to 35 times longer than an incandescent bulb, and between 2-4 times longer than CFLs. LEDs are cool to the touch, so they don’t use much energy at all. However, they are usually still more expensive than either incandescent or CFL bulbs. LEDs are a good choice for most home lighting situations. Unlike incandescent and CFL bulbs, LEDs emit “directional” light, meaning the light is focused in a specific direction (like a spotlight). They are a great choice for recessed lighting. Only Energy Star-certified LED bulbs are specifically designed to replicate the omnidirectional light of a traditional light bulb. Look for the Energy Star label to make sure that the LED bulbs you buy give you the look you want. Even better, open curtains and windows during daylight hours to use natural light. This can really cut power costs and also save loads of energy. Many things we throw away on a daily basis can be composted instead. Coffee grounds, fruit and vegetable peels, eggshells, even napkins and paper towels can be recycled to produce compost, which is great for gardens. Keeping food scraps out of landfills is good for the environment! It keeps them from building up methane gas (which is a major part of global warming) as they decompose in plastic trash bags, and it helps reduce the amount of waste in landfills. Even if you live in an urban area, you can keep a compost bin on a balcony or porch. Many online retailers sell ready-to-go compost kits. 80-90% of the energy used when you run your washing machine comes from heating up the water for hot-water washes. Use the “cold water” or “eco” mode on your washing machine to save energy. Several companies, such as Tide, make eco-friendly cold water detergents. If your laundry has tough or frequent stains, these could be a good option to help your clothes get clean even in cold water. Look for natural detergents and stain removers, if you can. These are usually plant-based and biodegradable, making them much more eco-friendly. Most kids probably learn to brush their teeth while the water is running. Since dentists recommend that you brush your teeth for a full two minutes, that can add up to over 5 gallons of wasted water every time! Brush your teeth with the water off, and just turn on the tap to rinse. If you have ceiling fans, use them whenever possible to keep cool in the summer. Air conditioners can cost up to 36 times more to run than a ceiling fan. In the United States, air conditioning accounts for more than a quarter of the average home’s electricity use.", "If your house is older, your windows probably allow air to seep in. Single-paned windows don’t insulate as well as newer models. You can save up to $465 a year by replacing old single-pane windows with energy-efficient ones. In the U.S., several tax credits are available for replacing old windows with energy-efficient models. The US Department of Energy has a full list of these credits here. When chosen wisely, a skylight can provide beautiful natural light to your home while reducing your energy consumption. It’s important to consider your home’s position in order to maximize your skylight’s benefits. Consult a designer or architect. An eco-friendly skylight is more than a hole cut in the roof with some glass in it. Many energy-efficient skylights exist on the market, but they should always be professionally installed to make sure that they are safe and efficient. Hardwood floors add value and beauty to a home, but many of the trees used in hardwood flooring take years to grow. If your house is up for a new floor, consider using sustainable materials such as bamboo instead. Bamboo grows very quickly and takes less land to produce, but it’s still attractive and durable. Cork is another sustainable wood flooring option. Cork is softer than bamboo, so it absorbs noise and feels cushiony underfoot. It is sometimes less durable than bamboo. Shade trees can reduce the amount of energy you spend to cool your house on hot summer days. If your property doesn’t already have shade trees, this is a step that will take some time before you see the full benefit. In addition to providing shade, trees absorb huge amounts of carbon dioxide and release oxygen. A single tree can produce enough oxygen for four people in a single day. If you’re building a new construction home, try to work around existing trees. You could even incorporate them into your house design, such as building a deck under a huge shady oak. Place deciduous trees (trees that shed their leaves annually) near the south and west sides of your home. This will help them block harsh afternoon sunlight in the summer, but let sunlight reach your home during the winter. ” Cool roofs reflect sunlight rather than absorbing it. This helps reduce your home’s energy consumption. It can also extend the life of your roof. These roofs are especially good for people who live in hot climates, since they reduce the need for air conditioning. Cool roof coatings are available at many home supply stores and warehouses. These coatings are like extremely thick paint and can be applied fairly easily. They are usually white or very light-colored with reflective pigments that reflect, rather than absorb, sunlight. (It is not recommended to apply cool roof coatings to shingle roofs.) If you have a steep-sloped shingled roof, consider replacing your current shingles with cool asphalt shingles. These shingles have specially fabricated granules that reflect sunlight. If you have a metal roof, it already reflects a lot of sunlight. However, these roofs absorb a lot of heat, which can increase your energy consumption in the summer. Painting your metal roof with a light color or using a cool roof coating can increase its energy efficiency. Composting toilets usually do not use water to “flush” like traditional toilets. They can also recycle many types of human waste into fertilizer that can be used in agriculture. While they are initially more expensive to install than traditional toilets, they are far more eco-friendly and will eventually pay for themselves. Composting toilets are usually easiest to install and maintain in a rural or suburban setting. If you live in an apartment or urban high-rise, it may more difficult to install and maintain a composting toilet. Materials such as cedar naturally repel pests and water. They are also durable and low-maintenance. Replace old aluminum siding with a more sustainable option. There are other eco-friendly siding options, such as fiber cement board and particle board. These are durable and sustainable. Look for products that have been manufactured without formaldehyde. ” If you are designing a new home or doing extensive renovations on an older home, consider talking with a design team about a “whole-house systems approach.” This extensive approach considers many factors about your home, including local climate, your site’s specific conditions, your appliance needs, etc. Because it takes all these factors into account, a whole-house systems approach can drastically reduce your energy consumption. Many designers and architects have experience in whole-house systems approach construction. Visit the National Association of Home Builders for more advice on finding a design team.", "A programmable thermostat can monitor your house temperature, keeping it warmer or cooler when you’re not there. For example, if you’re away during the day at work, a programmable thermostat can keep the inside temperature warmer than you’d usually keep it, and trigger the A/C only when you get home. Using one properly can save you up to $180 a year. Do some research before investing in a programmable thermostat. If yours isn’t easy to use, it might not end up saving you money or energy. Your old appliances, such as water heaters, refrigerators, and stoves, could be wasting a lot of energy. Replacing them with Energy Star-qualified products will ensure that your home uses less energy. There are often tax credits for replacing old, energy-inefficient products with new eco-friendly ones. The US Department of Energy has a full list of these credits here. If you can’t afford to replace your water heater, buy a specially designed insulating blanket and wrap it around the water heater. These blankets are available at most home improvement stores and take only a few minutes to install. This will help reduce wasted energy. Traditional toilets can use up to 7 gallons of water per flush. These water-guzzlers create a lot of waste. Look for “low flow” toilets to be eco-friendly. Look for toilets with the WaterSense label. These toilets use about 20% less water per flush than standard toilets. Showers account for about 17% of the average American’s indoor water usage. Swapping your old showerhead for a \"low flow\" or water-saving showerhead can reduce your water consumption by up to 2,900 gallons a year. Look for showerheads with the WaterSense label. These showerheads have been approved according to Environmental Protection Agency standards. A lot of energy can seep out through your attic and basement. Insulating these areas can reduce your home’s energy consumption. It can also cut your heating and cooling bills by making it easier to maintain a consistent temperature inside. GreenFiber cellulose insulation is an eco-friendly alternative to traditional insulation. GreenFiber is made of shredded recycled newspapers. It can be blown through small holes into walls, so it is easy to use when you’re remodeling. You can find a dealer at their website. Rather than buying new furniture, consider hitting up thrift shops and websites such as Craigslist and Freecycle. Recycling an old treasure rather than buying a new piece can save trees and your wallet. Traditional paints contain damaging volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that can continue being emitted into your home’s atmosphere for 5 years after painting. Look for paints that are plant-based and water-borne. If you can’t find plant-based paints, try to find paints that are labeled “VOC-free.” Many large paint manufacturers, such as Benjamin Moore, produce VOC-free paint. If your budget won’t allow for replacing older, inefficient windows, insulating them can be a good option to make your home more energy efficient. It’s easy to insulate your windows and keep your home cozy year-round. Use caulking and weatherstripping around windows to stop air from seeping in (or out). This can cut heat loss in the winter and keep you cool in the summer. Thermal or light-blocking window treatments can also help reduce energy waste by blocking sunlight. This is particularly helpful in hot climates. Make sure to use draught-stoppers at the bottom of doors, too. You can buy these at many retailers, or make your own. Motion-sensing lights are quite common outdoors, such as near garages or walkways. However, you can also install inexpensive motion sensors indoors. These will turn the lights on when you enter, and off when you leave a room. This could be very helpful if you have a hard time remembering to switch off the lights when you leave. You can buy a variety of solar-powered outdoor lights, from high-powered driveway floodlights to small walkway lamps. If you live in an area that gets a lot of sun during the day, these are a great way to cut your energy consumption and still have the lights on. Most home improvement stores will have a variety of solar lights, but you can also find them at many online retailers. Solar energy is clean and renewable. With many panels, surplus energy can be transferred to a battery and stored for later use. Installing solar panels can reduce your home’s carbon footprint, on average, by 35,180 pounds. That’s equivalent to the carbon dioxide absorbed by 88 trees. Investing in solar power will require some upfront cash, but it will pay off in the long run, for you and the planet. In some locations, you can even sell surplus solar energy to the local power grid. Solar panels need to be wired into your home’s existing electrical grid. It is best to leave installation to professionals. Many U.S. states and countries offer tax incentives if you install solar panels." ], "summary": [ "Find an energy calculator to assess your current energy usage. Slay “energy vampires. Replace your old light bulbs. Compost your kitchen scraps. Wash your laundry in cold water. Turn off the tap. Run ceiling fans instead of the air conditioner.", "Replace old windows with energy-efficient windows. Install a skylight. Use sustainable flooring. Plant trees. Install a “cool roof. Consider installing a composting toilet. Use durable siding. Talk with a design team about a “whole-house systems approach.", "Install a programmable thermostat. Replace old appliances. Replace your toilet. Swap out your showerhead. Insulate attics and basements. Repurpose furniture. Use eco paints on your walls. Insulate windows. Install motion-sensing lights. Use solar-powered outdoor lights. Install solar panels." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Fleshing and Stretching the Pelt", "Casing the Fur" ], "document": [ "Flesh-scrapers and stretching boards are about as primitive a tool as you can get, but it's still the most effective way for getting the flesh, cartilage, and fatty bits off of the pelt so that it can dry thoroughly. A flesh scraper is basically what it sounds like: a short and sharp blade that's used to scrape the flesh away. In a pinch, you could use a big kitchen knife that's somewhat dull, but it might be a little more difficult than with a scraper. Hog scrapers, single and double-handed scrapers are all common. Metal and wooden boards are both commonly used for the job. If you use a wooden stretching board, you'll also need staples or push-pins to secure the pelt when you're ready to stretch it for drying. Wooden stretching boards can double as \"fleshing boards,\" providing a nice surface to scrape the pelt on. If you have a metal stretcher, you'll just need to use a bench, table, or other flat surface on which to scrape the pelt. It's usually recommended to let the fur alone to firm up the fat some in a cool environment (about 55 degrees F, or 13 C). This will help to make the scraping job a lot easier. You can flatten out the pelt onto the board, fur side down, to let it dry for several hours before you get started scraping. When you start, the whole process of scraping itself shouldn't take more than 15 or 30 minutes. Using firm pressure, carefully scrape the fat and connective tissue away from the skin using the scraper. There's not much of a secret or a science to it–you're basically just scraping. Be gentle to avoid tearing through the skin, but be firm enough and even enough to get everything off. The tail is usually the most challenging part, so most trappers will start there, spending the most time making sure that every bit of fat is evenly scraped away. After removing the fat from the tail, scrape directly up the middle of the pelt, in a stripe. Go all the way up until you've scraped everything off a narrow strip up the middle of the pelt, and the head of the pelt. Then go back and scrape outward, extending evenly to the sides. This will help start the stretching process and flatten out the pelt. Keep using even pressure and slowly scraping off all the fat and other bits as you work. It shouldn't take that long, but be thorough. If you miss anything, you risk ruining the pelt with rot. Metal stretches are usually one-peice mechanisms that allow you to secure the pelt easily without additional tools. With a wooden stretching board, you'll typically need to use push-pins or staples to stretch out the pelt. Stretch the pelt tightly, so it flattens out and looks clean, but not so stretched that it thins out the skin and makes it look weak. It'll also shrink some while it stretches, so you want to make sure it'll be able to comfortably. The pelt should be starfish-stretched out, all the limbs and the tail taut and extended. Don't let the arms hang loosely, or the pelt won't look right. 55 to 60 degrees F (13 to 15 degrees C) is the perfect drying environment for a pelt. Make sure it's free from sunlight and temperature fluctuations. Depending on the climate, pelts should hang for anywhere between a day and a week. You'll know it's done when the skin is firm and taut, with a plastic-like touch.", "When you've acquired game the primary goal of which is the pelt, there are two basic methods of proceeding. Casing refers to removing the pelt from the carcass, starting around the back feet and working forward, pulling it off in one big piece. This is the best way to proceed. It's not usually recommend that you attempt to remove the organs first, which can ruin the valuable pelt. Open-skinng is typically only used on beavers and a few other animals. This involves removing the organs first, via a vertical slit up the torso of the animal, then removing the pelt and the tail at once. This isn't recommended for raccoons. Raccoons have a reputation for acquiring a lot of dirt, since they're scavenging creatures, which means you'll need to take a bit of time to clean them before getting started. Hang the carcass from a skinning gambrel by the feet, hooked through the tendon just behind the ankles to clean them. If the raccoons appear to be fairly clean, run a hairbrush through the fur in the direction of the tail, end, to get out any debris, twigs, and dirt that might be difficult to see. If the raccoon seems clean, it's ok to start skinning. If you've got a muddy raccoon, hose it down until the water runs clear, hang them by a front foot and hose them down until they run clear water, then let dry thoroughly before starting. If at all possible, it's best to avoid this, because the stiff bristles of the raccoon fur can become a lot more pliable and (to some people) less desirable if you rinse it. To get started, make a cut through the pelt between the legs of the animal, from the inside of one ankle to the next. Think of it like the inseam on a pair of jeans, connecting your cut from one ankle to the next in a \"V\" shape. \"Cuff\" the incision by running your knife around both \"ankles\" of the raccoon, loosening the skin. This will allow you to start pulling the skin down clearly. {\"smallUrl\":\"https:\\/\\/www.wikihow.com\\/images\\/thumb\\/b\\/bd\\/Skin-a-Raccoon-Step-3Bullet1.jpg\\/v4-460px-Skin-a-Raccoon-Step-3Bullet1.jpg\",\"bigUrl\":\"\\/images\\/thumb\\/b\\/bd\\/Skin-a-Raccoon-Step-3Bullet1.jpg\\/aid1980270-v4-728px-Skin-a-Raccoon-Step-3Bullet1.jpg\",\"smallWidth\":460,\"smallHeight\":345,\"bigWidth\":\"728\",\"bigHeight\":\"546\",\"licensing\":\"<div class=\\\"mw-parser-output\\\"><p>License: <a rel=\\\"nofollow\\\" class=\\\"external text\\\" href=\\\"https:\\/\\/creativecommons.org\\/licenses\\/by-nc-sa\\/3.0\\/\\\">Creative Commons<\\/a><br>\\n<\\/p><p><br \\/>\\n<\\/p><\\/div>\"} Cut about an inch or so in diameter around the anus, starting at the base of the tail, where it connects to the body. Obviously, it's usually best to wear gloves at all times when you're skinning raccoons. Be very careful at this point not to cut too deeply and cut into the meat. The last thing you want to do is puncture the intestines right around the anus, which can taint the fur and the meat, if you want to use it. Run your knife all the way down the length of the tail in a straight line. To keep the pelt as neat as possible, it's important to use caution and be very exacting in your cut. Go slowly and pull the tail taut while you run it straight from the base to the tip. For some raccoons, depending on the size, it may be difficult to get all the way down to the tip of the tail. It's common to go about halfway, then use a tail-stripper to hold the fur in place while you pull the tail up and out of the fur. To use a tail-stripper, you'll probably have to work the fur down the hind legs and around the hips to expose the base of the tail more easily to get it started. Tail-stripers are common tools that are used in skinning foxes, raccoons, and other animals, and are available at most outdoors outfitters. If you've ever skinned a rabbit, the pulling the skin down a raccoon is similar, but a little more tenacious. You'll basically just start pulling the fur downward, toward the head, as if you were stripping off a jumpsuit. Keep pulling until you get to the shoulders. If you need to use your knife to help the skinning process, remember to always cut behind the skin and into the membrane, not into the skin itself. Don't get reckless and start scraping away with your knife. Go slowly and use pressure to pull the skin, and let the knife ease any difficult parts, disconnecting any stubborn membrane from the flesh. On male raccoons, you'll have to cut the genitals away from the carcass using your knife. It'll stay attached to the fur, and you can remove it later during the fleshing and stretching process. When you get to the forearms, it's usually recommended that you put the knife away. It's a fatty area, and gets somewhat difficult to distinguish meat from fur, so it's a better idea to use your fingers and go slowly, avoiding the knife and accidental cuts through the pelt. Pull the fur loose around and over the shoulders, down to about the elbow. You can make another cuff cut at that point and separate the fur from the arms. It should now just be attached around the neck. Expose the face of the raccoon and use your knife to cut around the eyes and the ears. Return your attention to the skin side, and keep pulling the pelt down and free of the flesh, working it up the neck and to the jaw. At this point, you'll probably need to use the knife to run along the top jawline on both sides, to separate the pelt from the mouth. Keep pulling until the pelt comes almost entirely free. At this point, there should be a strong point of cartilage that connects the nose to the skin. You're almost done. Just use your knife to cut through it and the pelt should come free in one big piece. Don't pull to hard to try to separate the pelt, because you risk ripping it and damaging the skin. Cut through the cartilage and you'll be done. Raccoons are sometimes eaten, though some sources estimate that as many as 40% of raccoons in North America suffer from intestinal parasites like roundworms, which can make you sick. Raccoons are also scavengers, meaning that they're exposed to a number of diseases and infections. Examine the skin and the flesh of the animal closely for spots, discoloration, or any other signs of infection. If it looks suspect, discard it. If you want to try raccoon and determine that the meat is clean, gut the carcass as you would a rabbit. While less popular than certain other wild game because of the strong and some say unpleasant flavor, brining raccoon for a long period of time and cooking it properly is considered by some to be a delicacy. If you're after more than just the fur, you can learn to prepare the meat in the following section." ], "summary": [ "Get a scraper and a stretching board. Let the pelt dry some until the fat can harden. Start scraping the fat away from the tail. Remove the rest of the fat. Stretch the pelt onto the stretching board. Let the pelt hang in a cool dark place.", "Remove the pelt first by casing. Clean the raccoon thoroughly. Cut from the inside of one back foot to the next in a straight line. Cut around the anus. Cut down the length of the tail. Pull the skin down toward the shoulders. Go slowly around the forearms. Cut around the ears and eyes. Separate the pelt from the nose cartilage. Inspect the meat for signs of disease." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Planning the Funeral Service", "Finalizing Funeral Details", "Hiring a Funeral Director", "Reacting Immediately" ], "document": [ "Coffins come in various sizes and are mostly made from a variety of woods. Besides for appearances, there’s little difference between the options. The funeral director will ask you right away to select the coffin, but you may also order one online. In many areas, a shroud is the minimum required to cover the body. Be aware of religious customs. In a Muslim funeral, for example, the deceased is often wrapped in a shroud. Visit the probate court clerk's office where the deceased lived to see if they made a will. They may have left instructions in it that you can use to make arranging the funeral easier. Also consider who the deceased was and use your memories to give them a funeral they’d be proud of. You aren’t required to follow the wishes written in the will, but honoring those requests can make for a positive memorialization. Think of what the deceased said to you in the past. They might have mentioned what they wanted in a funeral. For example, if you knew they disliked traditional funerals, you might want something outdoors with happy music. Many funerals take place in a funeral home. This is the simplest option, but you may also choose to hold it at the gravesite or in a house of worship. You’ll need to contact the location to set up a day and time, then communicate with the funeral director to transport the deceased’s body there. Research how different faiths handle funeral rites when selecting a religious site. The leaders of the church, synagogue, or mosque can answer any questions you have. Sometimes special events such as wakes, church services, or family dinners are part of the funeral process. Choose events that honor the deceased and also help guests grieve and support one another. Culture and religion play a large part in this. For example, some rites may include prayers or a church service before the funeral and dinner after the funeral. Separate hours may be set aside for friends and loved ones to visit the deceased. Viewings and wakes happen before the funeral service. You’ll need to reserve this time with the funeral home or place of worship where the funeral is meant to be held. Contact local newspapers and websites to announce the plans in the obituary. Also contact the deceased’s place of worship, if they had one, to get the funeral details announced or printed in the bulletin there. The important part is to make sure everyone knows about the passing and funeral. Make sure you spread the word to anyone you want at the funeral. Call, write letters, or send messages on social media as necessary. Funeral homes and mortuary services provide a hearse to carry the body to cemetery or crematorium for a fee. You may also book cars to transport guests in a funeral procession. The costs for this add up, so decide whether or not you’d rather have everyone make their own way to the burial ground. In addition to being costly, sitting in a strange, dark car may be a very strange and upsetting experience for grieving guests.", "Select clothing from their personal wardrobe. Think of what makes them look presentable or displays their personality. Many people choose formal wear, although you may opt for favorite clothing like a special t-shirt or uniform. Bring the clothing to the funeral director. The funeral home will wash the body if you hired a funeral director. They may also be able to provide clothing. Religious customs also dictate what kind of clothing should be worn. Many homes will select flowers or music for you if you don’t do it yourself. Gather any pictures you wish to share, music you’d like to play during the service, and other decorations you’d like to display. You’re under no obligation to do this, but it’s a great way to honor a life. For example, pick their favorite type of flower or bring in flowers they grew themselves. If they liked classic rock, you can play their favorite songs instead of a church service with organ music. Consult with the other guests to figure out who wants to talk during the service. Since you’re arranging the event, you’ll probably be expected to talk. Rather than dread the occasion, come up with ways to talk about the memories you cherish and the lessons you learned from knowing the deceased. During a religious service, the spiritual leader covers most of the speaking duties. Nobody should be forced to talk. It’s okay to politely decline a request to speak. Even if you assign speaking duties, it’s good to open up the floor at the end of the service to anyone who wants to share their thoughts. Once the service is over, pallbearers take the coffin to the hearse and then to the burial site. Choose at least 4 people, usually close friends and family, that are willing and have the strength to carry some of the weight. If there aren't enough pallbearers, the funeral home's staff can help. After a cremation, someone will need to take home the ashes. This is either a close family member or friend who has the option to keep the ashes or scatter them. Food is a comforting distraction, so plan on bringing snacks or having a meal when the service is done. This can be done by calling a catering company, preparing food alone or with other guests, or by reserving a spot at a restaurant after the service. If you choose to provide food, it doesn’t have to be complicated. Items like small sandwiches, cake, and hot coffee go a long way. Many people won’t feel like cooking, so providing food and company for other guests can be a positive gesture. If you’d like, get a guest book from an office supply store. Set it out at the funeral so everyone signs their name. It’s a great gift to take home or give to someone else to remind them of the support available during this trying time.", "After the transportation happens, talk to the director again to plan the funeral. You may do this over the phone, but it helps to visit them in person to go over all your options. There are a lot of choices to make in what may be a difficult time, so you may want a friend or family to come along for support. Funerals are expensive. Ask the director for a written printout of the costs so you can set up a budget and make changes to the arrangements as necessary. If you don’t feel capable of leaving home, ask the funeral director if they’ll visit you. Some directors may not be willing to do this, so you’ll need to talk to them over the phone. Discuss the payment options before signing the contract. Most funeral directors and facilities will allow you to pay in installments over time. They may ask for a deposit up front before proceeding to discuss the arrangements. Most people who pass away don’t have enough money in their bank account to pay for a funeral. Be aware that you’ll get stuck with the charges, so you may need to simplify the funeral or ask for help. If you plan on using the deceased’s bank account to pay, remember that the funds will be frozen once the bank is notified of the death. You’ll need to wait for the probate court to release the assets. Once you’ve agreed to accept the funeral director's help, they will draw up a contract. Read it carefully and ask any questions you have. Signing the contract means you agree and will be liable for any services the director provides. The funeral director will also ask you to choose between a burial or cremation. Have the director explain the benefits in each option. No matter what, you will need to arrange for a burial or cremation spot. You’ll have an opportunity to consider when the funeral should take place. For an immediate service, a direct burial with a graveside service may be the best option. For religious services, notify the funeral director and the deceased’s place of worship. Both will help make the arrangements according to the tenets of the faith. The deceased may have a burial plot reserved. Check with the probate court or family members to find out. When they don’t have a spot, you’ll need to contact the cemetery or crematorium to purchase their services. The funeral director may include these fees in the bill. If not, you’ll need to pay the fees directly to the cemetery or crematorium owners after contacting them. After the passing has been legally documented by a medical professional, you can retrieve an official death certificate needed for burial or cremation. Normally, the funeral director handles the paperwork. When doing it yourself, contact your the registrar or vital statistic office in the area where the deceased lived. The certificate should be obtained within 5 to 10 days of the passing, but before the funeral takes place. This certificate is used to report to relevant financial institutions, insurance agencies, and government programs, which you should do as soon as possible.", "Alert the deceased’s medical provider or the emergency response service in your area. They’ll legally declare that the deceased has passed, which is needed when obtaining the death certificate. If this happened in a hospital or another facility, the staff will take care of this for you. It’s normal to not feel ready for this step, but it’s recommended that you call right away. The director can take care of a lot of the hassle, including setting up the funeral, transportation, and legal paperwork. You’ll need to provide basic information, such as the deceased’s name and address, where they’re currently resting, and the contact information of the their doctor. It’s possible in many areas to arrange the funeral without a director. You may need to wash the deceased, transport them, and arrange for their burial or cremation yourself. Check the laws in your area to see if this is possible. Hospitals and other facilities require the remains to be removed within hours. The funeral director will arrange this during your first conversation with them. Pick a funeral home or mortuary in the area where the deceased lived. The funeral home takes care of washing and dressing the deceased and can help you arrange further transportation in case you need to have the funeral somewhere else. If you need to have the funeral farther away, make use of one of these facilities while you arrange the extra transportation." ], "summary": [ "Pick a coffin that fits the funeral budget. Use the deceased’s wishes to plan the funeral. Decide where the funeral will take place. Set up wakes or other events scheduled around the funeral. Schedule a viewing time if desired. Print press releases detailing the funeral plans. Arrange transportation to the burial ground.", "Select the clothing that the deceased will be dressed in. Customize the funeral with music and decorations. Plan out the eulogies for the service. Select pallbearers for the coffin. Provide comfort food for after the funeral. Purchase a guest book if you’d like to record the funeral.", "Discuss the funeral plans and costs with the director. Agree to a payment plan for the funeral director’s services. Sign the funeral director’s service contract. Choose the type of funeral service you want. Reserve a burial plot or crematorium service. Register the death certificate if you aren’t working with a director.", "Notify the authorities of the death if they don’t know yet. Call or visit a funeral director to begin planning. Arrange to have the deceased transported to a storage facility." ] }

{ "section_name": [], "document": [], "summary": [] }

{ "section_name": [ "Stuffing Sweet Peppers", "Freezing Peppers", "Stir Frying Sweet Peppers", "Roasting Hot Peppers" ], "document": [ " Green, red or yellow peppers are great for stuffing, and each pepper serves one person. Return the remaining peppers to the freezer before they can thaw. Create a stuffing that appeals to you and your family using a mix of ingredients. Mix cooked ground beef, bread crumbs, an egg, cheddar cheese and salt and pepper for a traditional stuffed pepper taste. Try a can of black beans, cooked brown rice, tomatoes, an egg, cheddar cheese and salt and pepper for a vegetarian option. Stand the peppers on a baking sheet so that their opening is facing up. Spoon equal portions of the stuffing into the peppers, filling them up to the top. Top with additional bread crumbs, cheese or seasonings. {\"smallUrl\":\"https:\\/\\/www.wikihow.com\\/images\\/thumb\\/6\\/6c\\/Freeze-Hot-or-Sweet-Peppers-Step-26Bullet1.jpg\\/v4-459px-Freeze-Hot-or-Sweet-Peppers-Step-26Bullet1.jpg\",\"bigUrl\":\"\\/images\\/thumb\\/6\\/6c\\/Freeze-Hot-or-Sweet-Peppers-Step-26Bullet1.jpg\\/aid858821-v4-728px-Freeze-Hot-or-Sweet-Peppers-Step-26Bullet1.jpg\",\"smallWidth\":460,\"smallHeight\":306,\"bigWidth\":\"728\",\"bigHeight\":\"485\",\"licensing\":\"<div class=\\\"mw-parser-output\\\"><p>License: <a rel=\\\"nofollow\\\" class=\\\"external text\\\" href=\\\"https:\\/\\/creativecommons.org\\/licenses\\/by-nc-sa\\/3.0\\/\\\">Creative Commons<\\/a><br>\\n<\\/p><p><br \\/>\\n<\\/p><\\/div>\"} Place a pat of butter on the top of each pepper for added richness. Bake for 45 minutes, or until the cheese is bubbling and golden brown. The peppers should be moist and soft. {\"smallUrl\":\"https:\\/\\/www.wikihow.com\\/images\\/thumb\\/3\\/31\\/Freeze-Hot-or-Sweet-Peppers-Step-27Bullet1.jpg\\/v4-459px-Freeze-Hot-or-Sweet-Peppers-Step-27Bullet1.jpg\",\"bigUrl\":\"\\/images\\/thumb\\/3\\/31\\/Freeze-Hot-or-Sweet-Peppers-Step-27Bullet1.jpg\\/aid858821-v4-728px-Freeze-Hot-or-Sweet-Peppers-Step-27Bullet1.jpg\",\"smallWidth\":460,\"smallHeight\":306,\"bigWidth\":\"728\",\"bigHeight\":\"485\",\"licensing\":\"<div class=\\\"mw-parser-output\\\"><p>License: <a rel=\\\"nofollow\\\" class=\\\"external text\\\" href=\\\"https:\\/\\/creativecommons.org\\/licenses\\/by-nc-sa\\/3.0\\/\\\">Creative Commons<\\/a><br>\\n<\\/p><p><br \\/>\\n<\\/p><\\/div>\"}", "Choose peppers at the peak of their season, usually in late summer or early fall. Look for peppers with bright colors and firm flesh. Avoid limp or bruised peppers. Take care to remove all dirt, debris and traces of pesticides. Drain the peppers in the colander. For sweet peppers, try to cut just around the circumference of the stem, to preserve as much of the pepper as possible. If you're sensitive to the oils produced by hot peppers, wear plastic gloves or cover your hands in plastic wrap to protect them. Make sure to remove the white membranes that the seeds are attached to. The seeds are the hottest part of hot peppers, so be careful when you're handling them. Rinse and drain the peppers to make sure all the seeds are removed. {\"smallUrl\":\"https:\\/\\/www.wikihow.com\\/images\\/thumb\\/3\\/3d\\/Freeze-Hot-or-Sweet-Peppers-Step-4Bullet3.jpg\\/v4-459px-Freeze-Hot-or-Sweet-Peppers-Step-4Bullet3.jpg\",\"bigUrl\":\"\\/images\\/thumb\\/3\\/3d\\/Freeze-Hot-or-Sweet-Peppers-Step-4Bullet3.jpg\\/aid858821-v4-728px-Freeze-Hot-or-Sweet-Peppers-Step-4Bullet3.jpg\",\"smallWidth\":460,\"smallHeight\":306,\"bigWidth\":\"728\",\"bigHeight\":\"485\",\"licensing\":\"<div class=\\\"mw-parser-output\\\"><p>License: <a rel=\\\"nofollow\\\" class=\\\"external text\\\" href=\\\"https:\\/\\/creativecommons.org\\/licenses\\/by-nc-sa\\/3.0\\/\\\">Creative Commons<\\/a><br>\\n<\\/p><p><br \\/>\\n<\\/p><\\/div>\"} Think ahead to the meals you'll be making with the peppers when considering what shape and size to make them. Consider freezing some sweet and hot peppers whole in case you want to roast or stuff them. Ensure that the pepper pieces aren't overlapping, or they may freeze together. If you wish, you can cover the baking sheets with plastic wrap before placing them in the freezer. Leave them there until they are frozen solid. ", "Take as many pepper pieces as you'd like to stir fry from the freezer bag or storage container, and replace the container in the freezer before the remaining peppers can thaw. Pour a few tablespoons of olive, sesame, or canola oil into the pan. You might want to include broccoli, onions, water chestnuts, baby corn, or any other vegetables you enjoy in a stir fry. Toss and stir them frequently while they cook. You may also want to add soy sauce, garlic and other seasonings. They should be bright with some remaining crunch. Serve over rice or serve as a side dish. {\"smallUrl\":\"https:\\/\\/www.wikihow.com\\/images\\/thumb\\/d\\/d9\\/Freeze-Hot-or-Sweet-Peppers-Step-16Bullet1.jpg\\/v4-459px-Freeze-Hot-or-Sweet-Peppers-Step-16Bullet1.jpg\",\"bigUrl\":\"\\/images\\/thumb\\/d\\/d9\\/Freeze-Hot-or-Sweet-Peppers-Step-16Bullet1.jpg\\/aid858821-v4-728px-Freeze-Hot-or-Sweet-Peppers-Step-16Bullet1.jpg\",\"smallWidth\":460,\"smallHeight\":306,\"bigWidth\":\"728\",\"bigHeight\":\"485\",\"licensing\":\"<div class=\\\"mw-parser-output\\\"><p>License: <a rel=\\\"nofollow\\\" class=\\\"external text\\\" href=\\\"https:\\/\\/creativecommons.org\\/licenses\\/by-nc-sa\\/3.0\\/\\\">Creative Commons<\\/a><br>\\n<\\/p><p><br \\/>\\n<\\/p><\\/div>\"}", "Whether you use whole or chopped hot peppers, they will be excellent roasted. Return the remaining peppers to the freezer before they can thaw. Drizzle them with olive oil and sprinkle them with salt. Use tongs to toss the peppers until they are evenly coated. Roast them for 10 minutes. Return them to the oven for another 10 minutes. If the peppers are slow to cook, turn up the heat. You may also roast the peppers under the broiler. They should be moist and tender, with patches of brown and black on their skin. Serve as a side dish or over a salad." ], "summary": [ "Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F (177 degrees C). Remove whole sweet peppers from the freezer. Prepare the stuffing. Stuff the peppers. Place the tray of peppers in the oven.", "Pick or buy peppers. Wash the peppers. Cut off the tops of the peppers. Core the peppers and remove the seeds. Slice, dice or chop the peppers as desired. Place the prepared peppers on baking sheets. Place the peppers in the freezer. Remove the frozen peppers from baking sheets. Place them in freezer bags or other storage containers. Freeze the peppers until you're ready to use them.", "Remove cut up sweet peppers from the freezer. Place a wok or skillet over medium high heat. Add peppers and other cut vegetables to the pan. Stir fry the vegetables with tongs. Season the vegetables with salt and pepper. Remove the vegetables from heat when they are cooked.", "Remove some hot peppers from the freezer. Place the peppers on a baking sheet. Place the peppers in the oven. Remove the peppers from the oven and toss them. Remove the peppers from the oven when they are fully roasted." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Deciding on the Best Method", "Administering Medicine Without Food", "Administering Medicine With Food" ], "document": [ "Before you give any medication to your cat, you should talk to your veterinarian first. Your veterinarian will examine your cat and determine the best course of treatment for his/her condition. If medication is required, your veterinarian will prescribe it and explain how to administer it to your cat. Ask if you are unsure about any of the instructions. Ask your veterinarian for a demonstration. If you will be giving your cat pills without food, you may benefit from a demonstration by your veterinarian. Before you leave the vet’s office, ask if he or she can demonstrate how to give the medication to your cat. That will allow you to see the process and ask any questions that you have at the time. If your cat is sick, do not attempt to diagnose your cat yourself. Take him to see a veterinarian as soon as possible. Never give medicine to your cat that was prescribed for a human, a different cat, or another pet. Before you administer the medication to your cat, read the instructions carefully and make sure that you understand them. If you have any questions or concerns about the medication, call your cat’s veterinarian. Some questions you may want to ask your veterinarian include: What time should the medication be given? Should the medication be given with or without food? How should the medication be given? By mouth? By injection? Can I crush the medication? What are the potential side effects of this medication? How do I keep myself safe when administering the medication? Should I wear gloves? Before you give your cat the medicine, make sure that you are clear on the best way to give the medication. If you are able to give your cat his medicine with food, that will be the easiest and most pleasant method for both of you. With Food If the medication can be taken by mouth with food, then your best option is to use Pill Pockets or another type of food that your cat likes. You may need to experiment with different types of food before you find something that your cat really likes. Without Food If your cat needs to take his medication on an empty stomach, you will need to use a pill syringe or carefully place the pill in your cat’s mouth while you restrain him. If you need to administer a liquid medicine, you will need to use a medicine dropper to put the medicine into your cat’s mouth while you restrain him.", "Before you restrain your cat, you will need to get his medicine ready to go. If you have not done so already, read the medicine label carefully before you prepare your cat’s medicine. Call your cat’s veterinarian if you have any questions about how to administer the medicine. Your vet may give you a pill pusher if you will be administering pills without food. A pill pusher is like a syringe for pills, so that you do not have to stick your fingers into your cat’s mouth. If your cat will be taking liquid medicine, your will need to use a medicine dropper. Double check the dosage for your cat’s medicine and make sure that you have prepared the correct amount. If your cat has to take a pill without food, prepare a medicine dropper with about 5ml of water as well. You can give this water to your cat after administering the pill to ensure that your cat swallows the pill and it doesn’t get stuck in his esophagus. Place your cat’s medicine someplace close to where you will be holding your cat, so that you can grab it as soon as the cat's mouth is open. For example, you could place the medicine on a paper towel on a nearby surface or ask someone to hold it for you. Wrap your cat up like a burrito by placing him onto the middle of the towel and quickly pulling the sides up around him. If you have to administer a pill to your cat without food, you will have to restrain him and put the pill into his mouth. If your cat is not used to taking pills, then there is a good chance that he will struggle to get free. By wrapping him in a towel with only his head exposed, you can prevent him from finding traction on your body and getting away from you. The towel will also help to prevent him from scratching you. You can also try holding your cat in your lap while you administer the medicine, if that feels easier for you. You should still wrap your cat in a towel because there is still a good chance that he will try to get away. You may also want to enlist the help of a friend or family member if this is a new experience for your cat. That way, one of you can hold your cat and the other can administer the medicine with both hands. Any surface that is at least waist high will make it easier for you to administer your cat’s medication. Hold your cat (still wrapped in the towel) while allowing his body to rest on the surface. If you are administering the medicine by yourself, you will want to have one hip against the side of the surface and your arm around your cat. Use your thumb and ring finger to press the corners of your cat’s mouth. Your cat’s mouth should begin to open as you apply pressure. If your cat’s mouth is not opening wide enough to give the medicine, use your other hand to gently push down on your cat’s lower jaw. Do your best to keep your fingers out of your cat’s mouth as you hold it open. Keep them on the edges of his mouth so that they are out of the reach of his teeth. If you are using a pill pusher, put the pill towards the back of your cat’s tongue. If you are using a medicine dropper, insert the dropper between the cat's cheek and teeth. Do not squirt liquid medication into the cat's throat or tongue. Liquids are likely to go down a cat's windpipe, making the cat choke. Follow up with the 5 milliliters (0.17  fl oz) medicine dropper of water if you are give your cat a pill without food. Make sure to administer the water between your cat’s cheek and teeth. After you have administered the medicine, close your cat’s throat and gently stroke his throat under his chin. This will help to encourage him to swallow the pill. Even though you cannot give your cat a treat to reward him for taking his medicine, you should still do something to let him know you are happy with him. Pet him, play with him, and praise him immediately after you finish giving your cat his medicine. Give your cat a drink or syringe a small volume of water into the side of his mouth (remember not to squirt straight into the cat's throat or onto tongue, as the water will likely end up down his windpipe). This washes the pill down so that it doesn't get stuck halfway down the esophagus. Some meds can burn if they get stuck, with potentially serious consequences.", "If your cat can take his medication with food, your best bet is to use a commercial product like Pill Pockets to coat your cat’s pills. You can find Pill Pockets in pet stores. If you cannot find pill pockets or if your cat does not like them, try using wet cat food to make tiny meatballs to coat your cat’s pills. You can also look for Flavor Doh, which is another brand of pill concealing treats. It is much easier to mix a powder in with a strong-flavored food (to hide the taste) than administer a pill; however, be aware not all pills are suitable for crushing. If the pill is a slow-release pill, crushing it will destroy this property, making an overdose possible. Or crushing it may simply make it taste unpleasant, and your cat will taste it and reject the food. Put your cat’s pill into a Pill Pocket or Flavor Doh. Make sure that the treat is sticking to the pill so that your cat will not be able to separate the pill from the treat. Have a few other non-medicine treats ready to give your cat after he eats the pill treat. If you are using wet cat food instead, make four tiny meatballs using a cat food that your cat likes and then insert one of the pills into one of the meatballs. Keep track of which meatball you put the pill into! Give your cat the treats you have prepared in a location that he likes, such as where he normally eats or a favorite roosting spot. If you are using the Pill Pockets or Flavor Doh, simply give your cat the treat and make sure he eats it. If he spits it out, you can try again with a new treat or use wet cat food to make tiny meatballs. To give your cat the treat using the wet cat food, give him two of the four meatballs that do not contain the pill. Then, give him the pill meatball and wait for him to swallow it. Follow up with the last non-medicine meatball to help get the medicine taste out of his mouth. The last non-medicine meatball will prevent him from associating the cat food with a bad taste, which will make it easier to keep using this method. After your cat has taken his treat using either method, make sure to follow up by giving him one of his favorite treats. You can also pet him and play with him if he is feeling up to it. Just do whatever you can to make the experience pleasant for him so that he looks forward to taking his medicine in the future. Be aware that some cats develop an aversion to the food containing the pill. Try to avoid \"pilling\" with a food your cat relies on, in case they refuse to eat it in future because they link it to a pill." ], "summary": [ "Talk to your cat’s veterinarian. Read the medicine instructions carefully. Decide how to administer your cat’s medicine.", "Prepare the medicine. Wrap your cat in a towel with only his head exposed. Use an elevated surface such as a high counter, dresser, or washing machine. Open the cat's mouth. Put the medication in the cat's mouth. Close your cat’s mouth and stroke his throat. Reward your cat for his cooperation. Provide your cat with water.", "Purchase some special treats meant for medicine administration. Find out if you can crush the medication. Prepare the treats. Give the treats. Follow up with a medicine-free treat." ] }

{ "section_name": [], "document": [], "summary": [] }

{ "section_name": [ "Making Your Clothes Last", "Drying Your Laundry", "Cleaning Your Clothes", "Storing Your Clothes" ], "document": [ "If you drop or spill an item on your clothes, dab ice water or seltzer immediately so that the stain does not set. Make sure that you dab rather than rub. Before washing spray the area with a stain pre-treatment. Don't clean stains with hot water, as this will set the stain. Try to get to the stain before it dries, while it is still wet. Don't put stained clothes into the dryer as this will make the stain permanent. Redo the stain treatment, then wash the garment again. Be aware that it may not be possible to remove all stains entirely. In this case, fade the stain as much as possible. Hot sauces, grease, and food can splash and cause damage to clothes. Don't start making your favorite marinara or standing in front of your deep-fryer without an apron on. This also goes for arts and crafts. Many paints can stain clothing, so it would be a good idea to wear old jeans and shirts that you no longer care about. If you don't have any aprons or junk clothing to spare while cooking or cleaning, stick with darker clothes. They don't show dirt or stains as easily as light-colored garments. Rather than pulling on them and ruining more stitches, you should snip loose strings and thread as soon as possible. If the seam has already lost too many stitches, consider learning how to stitch or sew, so you can fix the small problem before it becomes a bigger one. When repairing loose stitching, it is often easier to do it by hand. Always match the thread color to the stitching. While it may be tempting to pull on loose threads, this can actually make the problem worse. Always snip the thread off. Proper washing and drying methods will prevent pills in the first place, but if you already have pilled clothes you can try to fix them yourself, rather than throwing the garment out. You can use a store-bought pilling shaver, but you can also easily remove the bobbles with a pumice stone, a shaving razor, or even a Velcro hair roller.", "When the washing machine is done, you'll need to get ready to dry your laundry. If you plan to use an automatic dryer some items may need to be sorted out. Bras, sports jerseys, and athletic wear are among items that often benefit from manual drying. If you live in a temperate climate with low humidity and available outdoor space, you'll need to decide whether you want to hang your clothes outside or use an automatic dryer. If you live in a less ideal climate or don't have space, you'll need to opt for an automatic dryer. Hanging items to dry prevents them from shrinking. If you have the time, drying in natural sunlight and air is usually best. Sunlight is a natural disinfectant, and drying outdoors is both eco-friendly and will save you money. If you are naturally drying your laundry outdoors, bravo! Simply check on it every few hours. If you are using an automatic dryer you will need to clean the lint filter, add a dryer sheet or two (if desired) and select your drying cycle. Start up the machine and return when it is done. Just like you carefully selected a wash cycle, carefully select a dry cycle that is appropriate for your clothes. Higher heat and a rougher tumble get the job done faster, but are harder on clothes.", "This seems intuitive, but it's more difficult than most people think. Sort laundry based on cleaning instructions, type of laundry, and color.Make sure that you are only washing dirty clothes, as unnecessary washing of clean clothes can shorter their life. Set aside any dry-clean only articles of clothing. Group together any delicates or cold-wash only clothing. Group towels and heavy linens. Separate the rest of your clothes into whites and dark or colored groups. Turn T-shirts inside out to prevent the outside from wearing out and fading. This is especially important with graphic tees. Now that your clothes are sorted you are almost ready to start washing. Review cleaning instructions for whichever group of laundry you want to begin with. Pre-treat any stained items with a stain removing spray or pen. Add detergent and fabric softener (if desired) to the washing machine. Some washing machines have various preset cycles. If yours does, select the cycle that applies to your group of clothes. If yours does not, follow cleaning instructions on the tags of your clothes and follow a few guidelines. Delicates and cold-wash only clothing need cold water and a gentle spin cycle. Towels and linens can generally tolerate a warmer temperature and heavy spin cycle. Whites will get cleanest using hot water, making it ideal unless any whites are not pre-shrunk. Hot water can cause some color bleeding for dark or bright colors, so use warm or cold water. This step is simple. Close the lid or door and press start! Be sure to observe the wash time - you'll want to dry your laundry quickly after washing it, lest it start to become stale. Never wash the clothes marked as ‘Dry Clean Only’ at home, as these delicate clothes/ fabrics may lose their color, shine, texture or embellishments on washing. Ones marked ‘Dry Clean First Wash’ should be given to professional cleaners the first time. Subsequently, you can wash them, using detergents meant for delicate clothes and tepid/ cold water. Give them to professional and trusted dry cleaners for ‘petrol wash’. Ethnic clothes like heavily embroidered Lehengas, delicate sarees and silk kimonos must not be washed/ dry cleaned frequently.", "If you used an automatic dryer it is important to remove clothes from the dryer immediately. If you dried your clothes naturally there is less of a rush, but you shouldn't leave them out longer than necessary either. Leaving clothes in the dryer for too long can cause them to wrinkle. Clothes are much easier to hang and fold wrinkle-free when they are freshly dried. You'll want to get nice shirts, dresses, trousers, sweaters, and any other hanging clothes on a hanger and onto the rack. Be sure to use an appropriately sized hanger. If you spot creases in your garments, try smoothing them out by hand. If the clothes are still warm this will often be successful. If smoothing out by hand does not work, consider using a clothes iron. Neatly fold and store your clothes. When possible, try to fold along the seams of the garment. It is necessary to fold pants by lining up their seams and creases. If a garment is not amenable to folding, consider gently rolling the garment and storing it to ensure that it does not wrinkle. Don't pack stored clothes too tightly. If you have clothes that you do not use often - particularly if they are in a closet - consider using pest deterrents like mothballs and dryer sheets to dispel moths. If clothes have been sitting unused for some time air them out rather than washing them again. Washing adds wear and tear to your clothes. While necessary when clothes are dirty, unnecessary washing shortens the life of your garments." ], "summary": [ "Address stains and spills immediately! Wear aprons or old \"junk\" clothes while cleaning and cooking. Snip loose strings and threads. Take care of pills.", "Sort your laundry again. Decide on your drying method. Dry your laundry.", "Sort your laundry. Get ready to wash. Choose your wash cycle. Wash your clothes. Know what to do for clothes that cannot be washed at home.", "Remove clothes from the dryer ASAP. Hang nicer clothes. Fold and store the rest of your clothes. Care for your stored clothes." ] }

{ "section_name": [], "document": [], "summary": [] }

{ "section_name": [ "Deleting Your Entire Blog", "Deleting Specific Posts" ], "document": [ "If you're not automatically logged in, click on Sign In in the upper right, and enter your Google username and password. The window will open to the main screen of your most-recently accessed blog. It's located to the right of your blog's title, just below the Blogger logo in the upper left of the window. All of your Blogger blogs will appear in the drop-down you just opened. Only owners or admins can delete a blog. It's near the bottom of the menu on the left side of the window. You may have to scroll down to see it. It's near the bottom of the sub-menu that opens under Settings. It's on the right side of the screen, in the second section of options. If you want to save a copy of your blog, click Download Blog in the dialog box that pops up. Your blog has been deleted from your Blogger account. You'll have 90 days to change your mind and restore the blog. You can do so from the Deleted Blogs list in the drop-down menu of your Blogger blogs.", "If you're not automatically logged in, click on Sign In in the upper right, and enter your Google username and password. The window will open to the main screen of your most-recently accessed blog. It's located to the right of your blog's title, just below the Blogger logo in the upper left of the window. All of your Blogger blogs will appear in the drop-down you just opened. Only owners or admins can delete a blog post. All the posts in your blog will appear on the right side of the screen. You may need to scroll down to find the post you want to delete. It will appear just beneath the checked post. The deleted post will no longer appear in your blog and any existing links to it will no longer function." ], "summary": [ "Go to Blogger. Click on ▼. Click on the blog you wish to delete. Click on Settings. Click on Other. Click on Delete Blog. Click on Delete This Blog.", "Go to Blogger. Click on ▼. Click on the blog containing the post you wish to delete. Check the blog post you wish to delete. Click on Delete. Click on OK." ] }

{ "section_name": [], "document": [], "summary": [] }

{ "section_name": [ "Using Control Panel", "Using Registry Editor" ], "document": [ "If you're simply trying to change the name that displays upon boot-up and on the start screen--not the official registration--then your accuracy doesn't really matter. Be creative! Nicknames, pet names, or other monikers are great ideas if you're looking for a change in scenery, so to speak. Control Panel allows you to make changes to system processes and apps. The easiest way to find Control Panel is by typing its name into the search bar located in the start menu, then clicking the relevant app as soon as it pops up. On older systems, it is possible to access Control Panel through system settings; on newer systems such as Windows 8 and 10, however, it's easier to simply search \"Control Panel\" and click on the resulting app. You can also open Run and type in \"control panel\" to open this folder. Once Control Panel opens, look for and click on a subcategory labeled \"User Accounts\". Make sure you don't click on the link entitled \"Type of account\"; this will open a series of settings that can potentially harm your computer or your ownership thereof if handled incorrectly. User Accounts may redirect you to a subfolder with another link entitled \"User Accounts\"--if so, click this link. Once you've accessed the User Accounts folder, find the link entitled \"Change your account name\" and click on it. This will bring up the option to type in a new account name. Type in the name of your choosing and click \"Change Name\" to finalize the process. Note that, while this change does affect the login name above your password entry box, the official registration of your computer and the default username will remain the way it appeared before. When you log back in, your computer should display your newly-entered name above the login information section. This will finalize your process.", "Registry editor allows you to make changes to system software and hidden files, which is what you'll need to do to edit the default username. To open the registry editor, go to Run, type in \"regedit\", and click \"OK\". This should bring up the registry editor, in which several folders should be viewable in the left-hand corner of the window. You may encounter a pop-up window asking you if you're sure you want to open registry editor. Click \"OK\" to continue. If your system sends you an error message that states your ineligibility to access registry editor, you're probably not cleared to make changes to software on that specific machine. Locate the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE file and expand it, then do the same for the ensuing files SOFTWARE, Microsoft, and finally Windows NT. Make sure you're expanding these files, not just clicking on them. To expand a file, click the chevron-style arrow next to it. This should result in an extensive list of all the sub-folders appearing. Click on--but don't expand--a file labeled \"CurrentVersion\", then scroll down to an item labeled \"RegisteredOwner\" in the right-hand pane and double click it to bring up the value editor. You can change this value from the current name to whatever you see fit. You can also change the registered organization in the same location by double-clicking the item labeled \"Registered Organization\". Again, make sure you have explicit permission to make this change before doing so if you're on a shared computer. Though you've changed the registered user at this point, the default name that will show on the login screen isn't bound to this registry item. To finalize your changes, scroll through the contents of \"CurrentVersion\" until you find a folder entitled \"Winlogon\"; click on this file, find the registry item labeled \"DefaultUser\" (or \"DefaultUsername\") and double-click it to change its value. Make sure this value perfectly matches the change you made to the registered owner above. To ensure your changes carried over, open the file explorer by accessing the Start menu and clicking on \"File Explorer\" (Windows 8 and 10). Find the \"File\" tab in the upper left-hand corner, click it, and then click on \"Help\"; click \"About Windows\" in the resulting menu. A window should pop up with your PC's details, including its registered name. If the name on the window matches the name you entered, you're good to go! A much easier and more consistent way of verifying your name is by opening System Information and scrolling through your system's details until you come to your registered name. To access System Information in any operating system, open Run, type in \"msinfo32.exe\" without the quotation marks, and click \"OK\". On Windows XP, you'll open \"Explore\" from Start, then go to \"Help\" in the upper left-hand corner and click on \"About Windows\" in the menu. On Windows Vista and Windows 7, you'll click \"Open Windows Explorer\" from Start, then click the \"Help\" tab in the upper left-hand corner and click on \"About Windows\" in the menu." ], "summary": [ "Decide on a name change. Open Control Panel. Select \"User Accounts\". Click \"Change your account name\". Restart your computer.", "Open the registry editor. Expand the relevant data tree. Change the registered owner. Finalize your username. Confirm your changes." ] }

{ "section_name": [], "document": [], "summary": [] }

{ "section_name": [ "Identifying Stinkhorn Fungus", "Uprooting Stinkhorn Fungus", "Killing Stinkhorn Fungus with Bleach or Lime" ], "document": [ "If you’re dealing with a stinkhorn, this probably won’t take a lot of effort. stinkhorns are known to be a noxious fungus, and their smell can be likened to that of feces or a dead and decaying animal. Although the stinkhorns may smell offensive, they are not poisonous to humans or pets. Stinkhorn fungi will not harm your pets or any other plants in their vicinity. Stinkhorns use their unpleasant smell to attract flies. Flies land on the mushroom, pick up spores on their legs and bodies, and distribute these sports wherever they fly. So, if you notice a large number of flies around a specific mushroom, you may be dealing with a stinkhorn. If you suspect you’re dealing with a stinkhorn, confirm that the environment it’s growing in correlates with a type stinkhorns prefer. Although stinkhorn mushrooms prefer moist areas and patches of ground covered in mulch, they can pop up in many types of terrains. Like all fungus, stinkhorns can also sprout out of the wood of dead and decaying trees. Varieties of stinkhorn fungus grow naturally throughout nearly all of North America and into Central America. Some varieties prefer subtropical and tropical regions, including parts of Mexico. The most common type of stinkhorn fungus (‘’Phallus ravenelii’’) has a pale white stalk and a phallic shape. The mushroom typically stands between 10–15 cm (4–6 inches) high, and the cap at its tip ranges in diameter from 1–4 cm (0.4–1.6 inches). The cap itself is slimy and dark brown, with a coarse texture. The mushroom’s long, cream-colored stem has a spongy texture. At the very tip of a stinkhorn mushroom’s brown cap, there is a white ring-like circle with an opening at the tip. There are over 25 types of stinkhorn fungi that live in North America. Most, like ‘’Phallus ravenelii’’, have a thin stalk with a bulbous, slimy head which bears the spores. Colors can vary, and many stinkhorns are pink or reddish in color. Shape and size of the mushrooms can also vary. Most mushrooms range from 2–6 cm (0.8–2.4 inches), although some species grow as tall as 15 cm (6 inches).", "Don’t simply clip off the above-ground portion of the mushroom; you’ll need to dig beneath it until you’ve scooped out the mushroom’s egg-shaped base. Also dig under any nearby round white egg-shaped growths, as these are going to be new stinkhorns soon. Secure the foul smelling removed material in a plastic bag. If you don’t want to get your hands dirty (and smelly) from the stinkhorn, put on a pair of cheap latex disposable gloves. Put these in an airtight plastic bag and throw them away immediately after you finish killing the mushrooms. There may be spores or other undeveloped mushrooms in the soil immediately surrounding the mushroom you’ve removed, so dig up the top layer of soil in about a 6-inch radius around the mushroom you’ve removed. If the fungus grew in a medium other than soil—such as tree bark, mulch, or other loose decaying plant material—remove this using the shovel as well. Place the excavated soil (or other material) in the plastic bag along with the stinkhorn fungus. Then, seal the bag firmly shut. Do not place the discarded fungal matter with yard waste, since, if the bag were to rupture or open, spores could escape and create new mushrooms. After these steps, if mushrooms begin to reoccur, you may need to apply a chemical agent. This will make sure that the mushroom and surrounding spores are truly dead. After applying the fungal killer spray as directed on the packaging, allow the affected area to receive sunlight and dry out. The spray should also keep recurrence to a minimum. You should be able to find a safe, nontoxic fungal killer spray at your local plant nursery or gardening center.", "Begin this process in your kitchen by boiling the water in a large saucepan on your stovetop. Then, in your yard or garage, pour in bleach. Add roughly the same amount of bleach as you did of water (e.g. 4 cups of each) so that they’re mixed at a 1:1 ratio. When working with bleach, make sure to wear clothes that you don’t mind ruining, since the bleach will remove color from any fabric it splashes onto. Also consider wearing eye protection (such as safety goggles) to avoid the risk of splashing bleach into your eyes. Be aware that removing mushrooms using bleach or lime will likely harm—and possibly kill—other plants in the area. The chemicals will also damage your soil. Do this while the water is still hot; do not wait for the solution to cool down. The combination of boiling hot water and potent bleach should be enough to kill any lingering stinkhorns, and prevent new mushrooms from growing in the soil. If you choose to first dig up the mushrooms before you apply bleach, simply pour the hot bleach solution over the entire area from which you dug up the stinkhorns. If you haven’t had success removing stinkhorn mushrooms, lime will help by making the soil uninhabitable for the fungus. Using a shovel or trowel, spread the lime over the patch of soil that has been producing stinkhorn fungi. Lime is a caustic substance, so be careful when handling it. You should be able to purchase lime at a local hardware store, plant nursery, or gardening center. Before applying the lime to the soil, read the instructions printed on the package. You may need to first dampen the soil before laying down lime." ], "summary": [ "Smell the mushroom. Look for moist or mulch-covered terrain. Inspect the mushroom. Identify other types of stinkhorn fungi.", "Dig out the mushroom from its base. Remove the immediate soil. Place the bag out for trash collection. Spray the area with an environmentally approved fungal killer.", "Mix boiling hot water and bleach. Pour the mixture onto the fungus. Sprinkle lime over the mushrooms and surrounding soil." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Modern Corsage", "Traditional Corsage" ], "document": [ "This flower should be able to stand on its own. Lilies, Sunflowers, Gerbera daisies, Hydrangeas, etc., are the right size.", "Stick to colors that compliment each other. Consider the colors found on the dress or suit, and make sure your theme matches appropriately. If for prom, consider using your school colors. You can look at an interior design color wheel for inspiration if necessary. Choose colors that are opposite from each other on the wheel — for instance, yellow and purple, or blue and orange. Purchase (or pick from the garden) flowers that are close to fully blooming, and keep them in water before you make the corsage. Plan on getting three to five blooms, depending on their size. In general, try to choose sturdy flowers that can hold up to some wear — they'll look better at the end of the night than delicate flowers, such as tulips. Here are some popular options to consider: Roses Daisies Orchids Lilies Cymbidium This is an accent to the main flowers. It adds fullness to the overall corsage and highlights the color. Examples of filler flowers include: Baby's breath (gypsophila) Fern leaves Eucalyptus" ], "summary": [ "Choose a large, healthy blossom.", "Decide on a color theme. Choose your flowers. Choose a filler flower." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Recognizing Water Soluble Vitamins", "Dissolving Vitamins in Water", "Adding Fruits and Vegetables to Water" ], "document": [ "There are two types of vitamins: water and fat soluble. Water soluble vitamins enter the bloodstream through water while fat soluble vitamins need dietary fat to dissolve. Learning which vitamins are water soluble can help you mix the right vitamins into your water and get optimal nutritional benefits from them. Be aware that foods such as fruit, vegetables, potatoes, grains, and dairy foods are high in water-soluble vitamins. Exposing water-soluble vitamins to heat can cause them to lose their potency or destroy them altogether. Getting water-soluble vitamins is often easiest by steaming or grilling foods and pouring cooking water into soups or stews. A wide range of vitamins are water-soluble. Informing yourself which vitamins are water soluble can help figure out what supplements or foods to add to your water. The two most prominent water soluble vitamins are: Vitamin C, or ascorbic acid, is an antioxidant that promotes tissue health and helps your body absorb iron. It may also help heal wounds. B vitamins, including niacin and B-12, help maintain the health of your circulatory system, brain health, cell metabolism and nerve function. You need Vitamin C and the B vitamins to maintain your overall health, and it most cases you’ll get through by eating nutritious whole foods. However, being aware of how much you need daily can help you figure out what supplements you need to add to your water. Women should get 75 mg vitamin C while men should aim for 90 mg. Eating citrus fruits, berries, tomatoes, potatoes, peppers, broccoli, spinach and drinking 100% fruit juices can help you reach your vitamin C goal every day. Get the recommended daily dose of the B-vitamins according to the specific vitamin. For example, adults need 2.4 mg of B-12 per day; 400 micrograms of B-9, which is also called folic acid; and 14 – 16 milligrams of B-3, or niacin, every day. Eating a range of foods such as whole and fortified or enriched grains, nuts, peas, meat, shellfish, poultry, eggs, dairy, peanut butter, and bananas can help you get all of the B vitamins you need.", "You might find it hard to get enough vitamins and nutrients through your diet. While it’s ok to add a multi-vitamin or supplements to your water, try and get as many of these as possible from foods. Consult with your doctor before taking vitamins and supplements to ensure they are safe for you. Be aware of vitamin “megadoses,” which may be detrimental to your health. Taking too many of them for a long time can have harmful effects. Effervescent Vitamin and mineral supplements have up to 1g of salt per tablet. You can buy tablets to crush, a prepared powder, or liquid vitamin supplements, which will dissolve better than tablets. Deciding on the type of vitamin to take is an important step in knowing how to add vitamins to water. Remember that Vitamins C and the B Complex are the only supplements you can mix with water to get their nutritional value. Other vitamins need fat to circulate through your system. Buy single pills of vitamin C or B complex at your local pharmacy and crush them. Ask your doctor, pharmacist, or health store specialist if there are powdered or liquid versions of the vitamins you can mix with water. If you decide to use vitamin pills in your water, you’ll need to pulverize them before you mix them into the water. Use a mortar and pestle or a pill crusher. Make sure the vitamins are ground into a fine powder so that they mix easily into the water. Be aware that not fully pulverizing the pills could make it difficult for your body to absorb them. Crush only the recommended daily dose of your vitamin. If you chose to use a powdered vitamin or liquid form, read the packaging label. This can help you know the amount to mix with water for optimal absorption. Avoid taking more than the recommended value per day. This can help prevent serious health conditions from consuming too many vitamins. Once your supplement powder or liquid are ready, you’re ready to mix them with your water. Make sure to shake the mixture well in a clean bottle so that the vitamins are able to be easily absorbed in your system. Use boiled or distilled water, not plain tap water. Fill the water bottle ¾ full and then add the vitamins. Consider adding them to warm water for better dissolving and absorption by your body.", "If you prefer to avoid supplements, you can also add whole fruits or vegetables with Vitamins C and B Complex to your water. This may add vitamins to water without chemicals and may add a pleasant flavor as well. Add slices of lemon or orange or your water for a boost of vitamin C. Add raspberries to your water for a boost of B vitamins. You can also get B vitamins from papayas, cantaloupe, and oranges. These can help flavor your water. Try adding a little grapefruit juice. It is low in calories, rich in phytonutrients and anti-oxidants, as well as vitamin A and C. Although smoothies are often made with milk, you can add fruits and vegetables to water and blend them into a smoothie. This can help you can vitamins in your water. Mix vegetables and fruits high in Vitamins C and B Complex to the water and some ice cubes. Consider choices like spinach, kale, strawberries, and blueberries. Remember that getting vitamins through food is the best way to get them. Adding fruits and veggies high in water-soluble vitamins may be the optimal way to do this. There are many waters or beverages on the market that claim to be vitamin-enhanced. But many don’t contain that many vitamins and also have a considerable amount of sugar. In fact, one expert said that vitamin waters are essentially just soft drinks. Drink these beverages if you are in a pinch or want the flavor." ], "summary": [ "Learn about water-soluble vitamins. Identify water-soluble vitamins. Be aware of recommended daily values for water-soluble vitamins.", "Use supplements only as necessary. Decide what type of vitamin supplements you want to add to your water. Crush your vitamins. Read packaging instructions. Mix the supplements with water.", "Slice fruits or vegetables for water. Blend a smoothie. Avoid commercial vitamin drinks." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Removing With Liquid Detergent and Vinegar", "Removing With DIY-Stain Remover", "Preparing Garments", "Removing With Alcohol" ], "document": [ "After you’ve removed excess dirt and grass, you should pre-treat your grass stain for the best removal. Pretreat by dabbing a 50/50 mixture of warm water and white vinegar. Saturate the stain well to ensure deep penetration by the vinegar. Allow the watered down vinegar to sit for five minutes. Never use fruit vinegar for stain treatment. Only use plain white vinegar. After your vinegar solution has sat on the clothing item for five minutes, apply laundry detergent directly to the stain. If available, use a detergent that has bleach. Bleach contains enzymes which help break down grain stains. Using powder detergent? Try mixing a dash of water into the powder to make it paste-like, then spread over the stain. Once you’ve applied the detergent, massage the stain. You want to massage gently, as to not ruin the clothing, but firmly, to ensure you get deep into the stain. The longer you massage the more effective the treatment is likely to be. After massaging for several minutes, allow the detergent to sit. Once the stain has sat for 10-15 minutes, give it a rinse with cold water. Check to see if the stain has been removed. It should be significantly fainter, if not completely removed. If the stain isn’t banished, you can safely repeat the process with water, vinegar, and detergent until the garment is stain-free.", "If you’ve got a particularly stubborn grass stain, try using a homemade stain remover. Mix ¼ cup bleach, ¼ cup peroxide and ¾ cups cold water into a container. The combination of hydrogen peroxide with bleach will work as an incredible stain remover. When working with bleach and peroxide, mix in a well-ventilated area to prevent inhalation of fumes. Never substitute bleach with ammonia. Ammonia is known to immediately set a stain. Bleach is known to change the color of a garment. Always spot test on an inconspicuous location before applying the mixture to the stain. Place your homemade solution onto the stained area. Allow it to saturate the stain. Next, massage it in gently. Once you’ve massaged for several minutes, put the garment somewhere safe and allow it to sit. Ideally your solution can sit on your clothing for 30-60 minutes, but longer is better. Once your item has finished sitting, give it a thorough rinse. Check to see if the stain has disappeared. If there is still traces, feel free to apply your DIY-remover again. If it is gone, you can launder the clothing as normal.", "On the inside of your garment, there is a care label. Reading this label will give you an idea of what you can use on your garment safely. For example, an empty triangle is the symbol for bleach. If the triangle is black with a large “X” through it, you cannot use bleach of any sort. If the triangle is striped black and white, you can use non-chlorine bleach only. Before using any cleaning product or detergent, read the label. The label can help identify which products are best for which garment. It can also tell you if it is safe on the type of garment you are using. For example, a detergent with bleach will be best for a white garment, but may not be the best choice for a dark colored garment. Before putting anything on a stained item of clothing, do a test spot first. A test spot will allow you to check that you can use your stain removal solution on the clothing without causing permanent damage like changing the colour. The inside hem is a great location to test a solution because it is very inconspicuous. Before doing anything with your item, you should remove excess dirt or grass from the stained location. Blot, rather than rub, to try get the excess out. Rubbing will only cause the stain to move further into your clothing. Struggling to get some dirt off? Try holding the clothing taut between your fingers, and flicking from the inside of the garment. This should forcefully fling off any excess mud.", "Isopropyl alcohol is a solvent that will dislodge any color from stains. This includes the green pigment left behind by grass. To wet the stain, take a sponge or cotton swab and generously dab with alcohol. Rubbing alcohol, also known as isopropyl alcohol, works on removing grass stains because it dissolves the green pigment left behind in a grass stain. If you’re working on a delicate fabric, try a 50:50 solution of water and alcohol. Note that adding water means it may take longer to dry. Allow the stain to complete air dry before moving forward. The alcohol will evaporate out of the stain and most of the pigment should be dislodged. After the stain is dry, rinse it with cool water. Using cool water prevents the stain from setting. Use of hot water, or heat at all, will set the stain and make it more difficult to remove. Apply a small amount of detergent to the stain. Massage for at least five minutes, but the longer the better. Once you’re satisfied with your massaging, rinse the stain with cold water until the water runs clear. Allow the garment to air dry. Once it is dry, check to see if the stain is gone. If not, repeat the process. If the stain has been removed, you can launder the item as normal." ], "summary": [ "Pretreat the stain. Apply detergent directly. Massage the stain. Rinse and check.", "Mix your DIY-remover. Apply, massage and let sit. Rinse and check.", "Check the clothing label. Read the product information. Test on a small area. Remove any excess dirt or grass.", "Wet the stain with isopropyl alcohol. Air dry and rinse. Apply liquid detergent. Check the stain." ] }

{ "section_name": [], "document": [], "summary": [] }

{ "section_name": [ "Using PhotoRec (Any Operating System)", "Using Data Rescue 3 (Mac)", "Using ZAR (Windows)" ], "document": [ "If the files has been deleted, there's still a chance that the data is still there, but has just been set to be overwritten by new data. By not accessing the SD card, you increase the chances that the data will not be overwritten. Until you're ready to try recovering files, it's best to remove the SD card from any device. PhotoRec is a free, open-source file recovery software that works for Windows, OS X, and Linux. PhotoRec does not need to be installed. Simply extract the photorec_os program from the ZIP file. The os will be replaced with your operating system. For example, the Windows version is photorec_win Insert your SD card into your computer using an SD card reader, or by putting it in your camera and connecting the camera via USB. PhotoRec starts in a command line interface. You will be using your arrow keys to navigate the program. Select your SD card from the list of available drives and press ↵ Enter. Chances are your SD card only has one partition. Select it with the arrow keys. This menu option is along the bottom of the window. You can speed up the search significantly by only searching for a few file types. If you are trying to recover images, deselect everything except JPG, JPEG, RAW, CR2, PNG, TIFF, GIF, BMP, SR2, and DNG. This will open the file system menu. If you are recovering files from an SD card, select Other. If you are trying to recover deleted files, select Free. If you are trying to recover files from a corrupt card, select Whole. Create a new location if you need an easy to access folder. This process may take a significant amount of time. You will see the number of recovered files updating in real time. File names will be corrupted, so you will need to manually search through the recovered files to find the ones you're looking for. If you don't find the images you need, you can try a different data recovery option.", "If the files has been deleted, there's still a chance that the data is still there, but has just been set to be overwritten by new data. By not accessing the SD card, you increase the chances that the data will not be overwritten. Until you're ready to try recovering files, it's best to remove the SD card from any device. Data Rescue 3 costs money, but is one of the more powerful data recovery programs available for OS X. You can purchase Data Recovery 3 from the website or through the Mac App Store. If you prefer a free option, try PhotoRec. Insert the SD card into your Mac. If you don't have an SD card slot, you can get an external USB card reader or insert the card into a camera and connect the camera to the computer. You can find it in your \"Applications\" folder. Select \"Start New Scan\" from the main menu. A list of drives will appear in the Data Rescue window. Select your SD card from the list. You may also be prompted to select the volume. Most SD cards will only have one volume, but if there are multiple volumes, just select the entire SD card. For your first try, select \"Deleted Files Scan\". This will look through the free space to find files deleted from the SD card. If this method does not produce any results, you can come back and try a \"Quick Scan\" followed by a \"Deep Scan\". Click Start once you have selected your scan type. The scan process may take a while, especially if you are running a Deep Scan. If you need to pause the scan, you can click the Suspend button. After the scan has completed, you will be presented with a list of possible files to recover. Check the box next to each file or folder you want to recover. If you performed a Quick or Deep Scan, files will be located in the \"Found Files\" section of the results. If you performed a Deleted Files or Deep Scan, files will be located in the \"Reconstructed Files\" section of the results. File names will typically be lost. You can preview files by selecting them on the list and clicking \"Preview\". Not all file types can be previewed. After you are finished selecting files, click Recover and select a location on your computer to save the files to. Click Open once you have found a suitable location.", "If the files has been deleted, there's still a chance that the data is still there, but has just been set to be overwritten by new data. By not accessing the SD card, you increase the chances that the data will not be overwritten. Until you're ready to try recovering files, it's best to remove the SD card from any device. The full version of ZAR requires a purchase, but the demo version allows you to recover image files only. Only download ZAR from the developer's website. On the ZAR website, click the \"image recovery\" link towards the bottom of the page. This will allow you to install the free demo that can recover images. Insert your SD card into your computer using an SD card reader, or by putting it in your camera and connecting the camera via USB. Your computer may prompt you to format your card or say that it's not readable. Do not format your card according to this prompt, as this can write over where your pictures are saved on the card. Start ZAR and click Image Recovery (Free). In other programs, look for a similar button. Some programs may skip this step altogether. In the \"Disks and partitions\", select your SD card. It should be labeled as an SD card. Click Next to start the recovery scan. You will see a list of images that the software found on your SD card. Select the images that you want to recover, or select all to restore all the lost images. You may not be able to preview them, and the filenames will most likely be lost. If your SD card has been damaged, don't save them to the card. Instead, choose or create a folder on your computer to save the pictures to. This will keep your pictures safe if anything happens to your SD card again. Click Start copying the selected files to restore the pictures. The files selected file will be saved to the location you specified. Some pictures may not be able to be fully restored. Even if the thumbnail looks okay, the picture itself may be partially or fully damaged." ], "summary": [ "Stop accessing the SD card. Download PhotoRec. Extract the program. Insert your SD card. Run PhotoRec. Select your drive. Select the partition. Select the File Opt menu. Deselect files you aren't looking for. Select the Search menu option to continue. Select the file system type. Select which space needs to be analyzed. Choose a directory to save recovered files to. Wait for files to be recovered. Browse through your recovered files.", "Stop accessing the SD card. Download and install Data Rescue 3. Insert your SD card. Start Data Rescue 3. Select your SD card. Choose your scan method. Wait for the scan to complete. Select the files you want to recover. Recover the files.", "Stop accessing the SD card. Download and install ZAR (Zero Assumption Recovery). Insert your SD card. Open the Image Recovery tool in ZAR. Select your SD card. Choose which files you want to recover. Choose where to store the recovered images. Copy the files." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Wrapping the Steel", "Bending the Steel", "Gripping the Steel", "Choosing the Steel" ], "document": [ "Before attempting to bend the steel bar, you need to wrap it in material to make it easier to grip and bend, as well as to protect your hands as you bend it. Suitable wrapping materials include the following: Leather. Leather is the toughest material you can use to wrap the steel with and is the best material for adding leverage to your grip. {\"smallUrl\":\"https:\\/\\/www.wikihow.com\\/images\\/thumb\\/5\\/5f\\/Bend-Steel-Step-5Bullet1.jpg\\/v4-460px-Bend-Steel-Step-5Bullet1.jpg\",\"bigUrl\":\"\\/images\\/thumb\\/5\\/5f\\/Bend-Steel-Step-5Bullet1.jpg\\/aid1771335-v4-728px-Bend-Steel-Step-5Bullet1.jpg\",\"smallWidth\":460,\"smallHeight\":322,\"bigWidth\":\"728\",\"bigHeight\":\"510\",\"licensing\":\"<div class=\\\"mw-parser-output\\\"><p>License: <a rel=\\\"nofollow\\\" class=\\\"external text\\\" href=\\\"https:\\/\\/creativecommons.org\\/licenses\\/by-nc-sa\\/3.0\\/\\\">Creative Commons<\\/a><br>\\n<\\/p><p><br \\/>\\n<\\/p><\\/div>\"} Cordura. Cordura, a synthetic canvas-like fabric, is used in professionally created bending wraps. It's as puncture resistant and durable as leather, but not as good in adding leverage to your grip. Cordura is initially stiff, but becomes more supple over time as it absorbs the oils from your skin. {\"smallUrl\":\"https:\\/\\/www.wikihow.com\\/images\\/thumb\\/b\\/b1\\/Bend-Steel-Step-5Bullet2.jpg\\/v4-460px-Bend-Steel-Step-5Bullet2.jpg\",\"bigUrl\":\"\\/images\\/thumb\\/b\\/b1\\/Bend-Steel-Step-5Bullet2.jpg\\/aid1771335-v4-728px-Bend-Steel-Step-5Bullet2.jpg\",\"smallWidth\":460,\"smallHeight\":322,\"bigWidth\":\"728\",\"bigHeight\":\"510\",\"licensing\":\"<div class=\\\"mw-parser-output\\\"><p>License: <a rel=\\\"nofollow\\\" class=\\\"external text\\\" href=\\\"https:\\/\\/creativecommons.org\\/licenses\\/by-nc-sa\\/3.0\\/\\\">Creative Commons<\\/a><br>\\n<\\/p><p><br \\/>\\n<\\/p><\\/div>\"} Heavy cloth. A heavy cloth, such as a shop cloth or rag, is the cheapest suitable wrapping material, and has been traditionally used for nail bending feats. However, it is nowhere near as durable or puncture-proof as either leather or Cordura. {\"smallUrl\":\"https:\\/\\/www.wikihow.com\\/images\\/thumb\\/9\\/96\\/Bend-Steel-Step-5Bullet3.jpg\\/v4-460px-Bend-Steel-Step-5Bullet3.jpg\",\"bigUrl\":\"\\/images\\/thumb\\/9\\/96\\/Bend-Steel-Step-5Bullet3.jpg\\/aid1771335-v4-728px-Bend-Steel-Step-5Bullet3.jpg\",\"smallWidth\":460,\"smallHeight\":322,\"bigWidth\":\"728\",\"bigHeight\":\"510\",\"licensing\":\"<div class=\\\"mw-parser-output\\\"><p>License: <a rel=\\\"nofollow\\\" class=\\\"external text\\\" href=\\\"https:\\/\\/creativecommons.org\\/licenses\\/by-nc-sa\\/3.0\\/\\\">Creative Commons<\\/a><br>\\n<\\/p><p><br \\/>\\n<\\/p><\\/div>\"} If you're using leather, cut strips twelve inches (30 cm) long by four inches (10 cm) wide. If you're using either Cordura or heavy cloth, fold the material into strips of these dimensions. The chalk will keep the wrap from slipping once it's wrapped around the steel.", "If you're using either the double overhand or palms down grip, your thumbs should be pushing into the nail or bar through the wrapping, while your index, middle, and ring fingers are wrapped tightly around the bar. If you're using the double underhand grip, your pinkies should grip the bar the tightest, while your index, middle, and ring fingers grip the bar slightly less tightly. Push your fulcrum fingers into the steel as you start bending the ends of the bar toward each other. Your wrists will channel the driving force from your arm muscles, concentrated in your index fingers with the double overhand or palms down grip, the index finger of your far hand with the reverse grip, or your upper palms with the double underhand grip. Your goal is to bend the bar to at least a 45-degree angle. Keep up the bending pressure from your fulcrum fingers and your driving muscles as you bend the steel further, until your fulcrum fingers start to touch. If you're bending from the double overhand position, you can go from making the initial bend to continuing the bend in a single motion without changing your hand grip. If you're bending from the palms down or reverse position, you may have to change to the double overhand position to continue bending the steel. Ideally, you want to make this part of the bend in a single, smooth motion. If you're not strong enough to do that, you can make multiple attempts in rapid succession, using as much force as you can muster. Don't rest too long between attempts, or the steel will cool, making it harder to bend. Press the ends of the bar together until you can lace your fingers together; the ends should be about 2 inches (5 cm) apart. Then, use your clasped hands and upper arms like a nutcracker to finish bending the steel. You may have to remove some of the wrapping around the steel if it gets in the way. You may also have to grasp the bent steel in one hand and clasp that hand with your other hand, squeezing both the steel and your hand. As with the sweep, crush the bar's ends together should follow quickly after making the 90-degree bend so that the steel doesn't have time to cool.", "You can grip the steel bar in one of four ways: double overhand, double underhand, palms down, and reverse. Each method has its own individual techniques. In the double overhand grip, you hold the bar close to your body, preferably just under the chin, with your hands gripping the steel from above. This method transfers the greatest force from your arm muscles into the bend and is the best grip to use on thicker bars. {\"smallUrl\":\"https:\\/\\/www.wikihow.com\\/images\\/thumb\\/c\\/ca\\/Bend-Steel-Step-9Bullet1.jpg\\/v4-460px-Bend-Steel-Step-9Bullet1.jpg\",\"bigUrl\":\"\\/images\\/thumb\\/c\\/ca\\/Bend-Steel-Step-9Bullet1.jpg\\/aid1771335-v4-728px-Bend-Steel-Step-9Bullet1.jpg\",\"smallWidth\":460,\"smallHeight\":322,\"bigWidth\":\"728\",\"bigHeight\":\"510\",\"licensing\":\"<div class=\\\"mw-parser-output\\\"><p>License: <a rel=\\\"nofollow\\\" class=\\\"external text\\\" href=\\\"https:\\/\\/creativecommons.org\\/licenses\\/by-nc-sa\\/3.0\\/\\\">Creative Commons<\\/a><br>\\n<\\/p><p><br \\/>\\n<\\/p><\\/div>\"} In the double underhand grip, you also hold the bar close to your body, although at about the center of the breastbone. You will bend the bar upward, using your pinkies as fulcrums, and your driving muscle strength comes from your triceps and upper back. {\"smallUrl\":\"https:\\/\\/www.wikihow.com\\/images\\/thumb\\/6\\/68\\/Bend-Steel-Step-9Bullet2.jpg\\/v4-460px-Bend-Steel-Step-9Bullet2.jpg\",\"bigUrl\":\"\\/images\\/thumb\\/6\\/68\\/Bend-Steel-Step-9Bullet2.jpg\\/aid1771335-v4-728px-Bend-Steel-Step-9Bullet2.jpg\",\"smallWidth\":460,\"smallHeight\":322,\"bigWidth\":\"728\",\"bigHeight\":\"510\",\"licensing\":\"<div class=\\\"mw-parser-output\\\"><p>License: <a rel=\\\"nofollow\\\" class=\\\"external text\\\" href=\\\"https:\\/\\/creativecommons.org\\/licenses\\/by-nc-sa\\/3.0\\/\\\">Creative Commons<\\/a><br>\\n<\\/p><p><br \\/>\\n<\\/p><\\/div>\"} In the palms down grip, you grip the bar with your hands the same as in the double overhand grip, but you hold the bar away from your body, either at arm's length or with your arms bent. Because you're holding the bar further from your body, your thumbs serve as fulcrums more when bending the steel than in the double overhand grip, requiring stronger thumb muscles. {\"smallUrl\":\"https:\\/\\/www.wikihow.com\\/images\\/thumb\\/8\\/82\\/Bend-Steel-Step-9Bullet3.jpg\\/v4-460px-Bend-Steel-Step-9Bullet3.jpg\",\"bigUrl\":\"\\/images\\/thumb\\/8\\/82\\/Bend-Steel-Step-9Bullet3.jpg\\/aid1771335-v4-728px-Bend-Steel-Step-9Bullet3.jpg\",\"smallWidth\":460,\"smallHeight\":322,\"bigWidth\":\"728\",\"bigHeight\":\"510\",\"licensing\":\"<div class=\\\"mw-parser-output\\\"><p>License: <a rel=\\\"nofollow\\\" class=\\\"external text\\\" href=\\\"https:\\/\\/creativecommons.org\\/licenses\\/by-nc-sa\\/3.0\\/\\\">Creative Commons<\\/a><br>\\n<\\/p><p><br \\/>\\n<\\/p><\\/div>\"} In the reverse grip, you also hold the bar away from your body, but perpendicular to your chest instead of parallel to it as in the palms down grip. The hand further from your body grips the bar in an overhand grip, while the closer hand grips the bar underhanded. The further hand provides more of the bending force, while the thumb and forefinger of the near hand serve as a fulcrum. {\"smallUrl\":\"https:\\/\\/www.wikihow.com\\/images\\/thumb\\/c\\/c1\\/Bend-Steel-Step-9Bullet4.jpg\\/v4-460px-Bend-Steel-Step-9Bullet4.jpg\",\"bigUrl\":\"\\/images\\/thumb\\/c\\/c1\\/Bend-Steel-Step-9Bullet4.jpg\\/aid1771335-v4-728px-Bend-Steel-Step-9Bullet4.jpg\",\"smallWidth\":460,\"smallHeight\":322,\"bigWidth\":\"728\",\"bigHeight\":\"510\",\"licensing\":\"<div class=\\\"mw-parser-output\\\"><p>License: <a rel=\\\"nofollow\\\" class=\\\"external text\\\" href=\\\"https:\\/\\/creativecommons.org\\/licenses\\/by-nc-sa\\/3.0\\/\\\">Creative Commons<\\/a><br>\\n<\\/p><p><br \\/>\\n<\\/p><\\/div>\"}", "Most steel bars are either hot-rolled or cold-rolled; a cold rolled bar is shinier than a hot rolled bar, but is also harder to bend. Stainless steel is even harder to bend. The stronger the steel, the more the bend will approximate a \"V\", while the weaker the steel, the more the bend will look like a \"U.\" Most strongmen who bend steel bars prefer to work with lengths of five to seven inches (12.5 to 17.5 cm). (A common strongman feat was bending a 60-penny nail, which is 6 inches [15 cm] long.) The shorter the bar, the harder it is to bend, as shorter lengths give less bending leverage than longer lengths; however, some prefer a six inch (15 cm) bar to a seven inch (17.5 cm) bar because of the way the stock was formed. You can buy steel bars in the optimal length for hand-bending from some online retailers or buy longer bars either online or from your local hardware store and cut off a piece of the desired length. To cut the steel bar, use a pair of bolt cutters, preferably about 24 inches (60 cm) long. Wear safety goggles when cutting, as short pieces can travel at high speed when cut from the larger bar stock. Grind or file off the cut end to smooth it. Thicker bars are harder to bend than thinner bars. Doubling the diameter quadruples the amount of force required to bend the bar; it takes four times the torque to bend a 3/8-inch (9.6 mm) bar as it does a 3/16-inch (4.8 mm) bar." ], "summary": [ "Choose a suitable wrapping material. Fold or cut the wrapping material into strips. Coat the strips with chalk.", "Grasp the bar firmly. Apply force to the bar. Sweep the bar to a 90-degree bend. Crush the ends of the bar together.", "Choose an effective grip.", "Choose the right steel alloy. Choose a comfortable length of steel bar. Choose a comfortable thickness." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Making a Craft Stick Photo Fan", "Making a Paddle Fan", "Embellishing Your Fan", "Making a Basic Paper Fan" ], "document": [ "You'll need a power drill, a dozen craft sticks, paint and brush (optional), a photograph (optional), a craft knife, glue, water, and embroidery floss. Do this for the rest of your craft sticks. Make sure all the holes are drilled at the same spot on all the sticks. Use caution when cutting with a power drill. Wear eye protection and do the cutting on a flat surface. This will be the top of your fan and will spread out more than the base. Allow them to dry thoroughly. You may find that some colors, particularly reds, will need 2 or even 3 coats. Make sure the sticks are touching, without any gaps in between them. Enlarge a photograph or cut a magazine photo to the size of the sticks you measured. Make sure your image is the exact same size of the sticks when touching. The image should completely fit over the sticks. If sticks are still visible at the sides, you should enlarge or cut a bigger image. If your photo hangs over the side of the sticks, you need to trim the image down. Use a craft knife to score the picture lightly along the sides of each stick. This will help keep them in order after cutting. Make sure you're numbering the back of the photo and not the picture itself. Use a craft knife to ensure a neat, straight cut. Hold a ruler tightly against the cutting line and slide the knife along the edge of the ruler, pressing hard enough to cut through the picture. Be extremely careful when using the craft knife. In a small container, mix equal parts of craft glue and water. You'll need to brush the glue mix on the back of one picture strip. Center the strip on a stick, and brush a thin coat of the mixture on all sides of the stick and picture. Repeat this for the remaining strips and sticks. Let them dry completely. You can check to make sure your image is correct, by spreading the sticks back out to see if they're in order. Tie a knot in embroidery floss or 1/8-inch (.32 cm) ribbon. Thread the other end through the holes that are 1/4 inch (.64 cm) from the bottom of the sticks. Tie a knot to secure the bottom of the fan. Spread the tops of the sticks so they lie next to one another and tie a knot in the floss while the fan is open. Add a dot of glue to the knots and let them dry completely before opening and closing your fan.", "You can leave it square, cut it into a circle, round the bottom and make the top taper for a spade shape, or cut it into a heart. The side of the fan that will be hidden should be facing up at you. Make sure to keep glue off the part of the stick that will extend out from the piece of cardstock. Ensure that a good portion of the stick is extended out from the paper, so you will have a handle to hold. This will hide the stick and create a sturdy double-sided fan. Be sure to spread glue onto the back of the handle, as well as around all edges of the fan. Once it's dry, you can use your fan or embellish it.", "You can use a tempera or acrylic paint to decorate your craft sticks or paper. Note that if painting the paper, it's easier to paint before folding your fan. Let your paper or sticks dry completely before using. Using glue or double-sided tape, attach bits of ribbon, lace, buttons, feathers, stickers or beads. Make sure not to add items that are heavy, since they could tear your fan. You can easily make your fan take on a whole new shape by making a few simple cuts. While your paper is folded like an accordion, cut into the top or sides of the folds. Keep your cuts small. When you open your fan, you'll see the small cuts across all the folds.", "You can use larger paper, but this size is easy to find and work with. Set the paper in portrait orientation, meaning it's taller than it is wider. Practice with plain or scrap paper when you start learning. You can then switch to more decorative papers once you're comfortable with the technique. Using a pencil and ruler, draw vertical lines 3/4 inch to 1 inch (1.9 cm to 2.54 cm) apart. These should go straight from the bottom to top of the paper. For larger wall fans, move the lines apart in proportion to the paper size. Smaller fans could have smaller folds, which will make the fan seem more detailed. Fold on the first line, bringing the right side of the paper toward you. Use a bone folder to press the crease firmly. You should now see a peak. You should it in the opposite direction of the first fold, creasing the fold with the bone folder. You should now see a dip in the paper, or a valley. You'll start seeing these dips and peaks. They should alternate between these mountains and valleys. You should be grasping the gathered portion between your fingers, while the vertical pleats of the paper extend up and out. The paper fans out. Alternately, you could glue each fold to the next. Place the glue along the bottom of the fan where you've gathered it. If you are using glue, let it dry completely before opening the fan. You can now use the fan or embellish it." ], "summary": [ "Get your supplies ready. Drill a small hole about 1/4 inch (.64 cm) from the bottom your craft sticks. Drill another hole about 1 inch (2.54 cm) from the other end on each craft stick. Paint the sticks with acrylic or tempera paint (optional). Lay your craft sticks side by side and measure the length and width. Prepare your image. Set the photo over the sticks. Gently trace lines along the photo. Flip the photo over and number the spaces. Cut the photo into strips. Prepare your adhesive. Apply the photo strips to the craft sticks. Stack the sticks in order with the holes aligned. Thread the bottom of your fan. Thread the top of your fan. Secure your knots.", "Cut a piece of heavy cardstock paper into your preferred shape. Place the paper face down on a table. Spread glue onto the top half of an oversized wooden craft stick. Attach the glue stick to the back of the cardstock on your table. Cut another piece of cardstock to match and glue it to the back of your fan, optional. Let the glue dry completely.", "Paint your fan. Attach decorations. Shape your fan.", "Place a sheet of 8-inch-by-11-inch (21.6 cm by 27.9 cm) paper, wallpaper or cardstock face down on your work surface. Lightly draw fold lines across your paper. Accordion fold the paper. Fold on the next line. Continue to fold your paper back and forth. Gather the bottom of the paper. Bind the bottom of the folded strip with strong tape. Open the folds at the top of your fan." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Using a Mobile Device", "Placing a PayPal Payment Button on Your Site", "Opening an Account", "Accepting Payments via Email (As an Independent Contractor)" ], "document": [ "PayPal allows you to receive credit card payments on your Apple or Android device. This is especially convenient for people and small businesses that receive most of their payments on the street such as food trucks, small street vendors, etc. In the U.S., PayPal takes a 2.7% fee for every mobile card swipe. The rate is slightly higher if you manually input the card number or scan it with your phone's camera (3.5% + $.15 per payment.) The app is available for free in the Apple Store and Google Play Store. Install the app on your device. You'll be asked to log in with your PayPal account. The App will confirm your address and phone number. It will then offer to mail you your free Card Reader attachment. Use the confirmation code you were emailed to complete the signup process. You can choose to include your location, website, and Facebook. This information will appear on your customers' receipts. The simplest option is to input each sale individually, but you may also want to create a list of individually-priced products to choose from. When a customer is ready to pay, plug the PayPal Card Reader into your device's audio jack. You should receive a \"Card Reader Connected\" notification. Select \"Card\" on the next page. Swipe your customer's card through the card reader. The card should be positioned so that it is upside down with its strip is facing away from you. When swiping, use one smooth, quick motion, ensuring that the entire magnetic strip passes through the card reader. If you don't have your Card Reader yet, you can still take credit card payments. You will be prompted to enter the card information manually or scan it using your phone. Click \"Complete Purchase\" to finalize the sale and receive payment. Offer to email the customer the receipt.", "If you haven't already, first create a PayPal business account as described in Part 1. Your customer will be able to click on the payment button on your website and easily make a payment using a credit card, a debit card or a checking account. PayPal also allows you to send invoices with a \"Pay Now\" button linked to PayPal that allows your customers to pay instantly. Use the \"login\" bar in the top right. You'll need to input your email address and the password you chose for your account. \" You'll see a button that says \"Create payment buttons for your website.\" Click this button. Using the drop-down menu, you can select a variety of messages for your button - \"Buy Now,\" \"Add to Cart,\" \"Donate,\" and others. Enter the required information about your product or service, then click \"Create Button.\" If you're selling a product, you'll need to know the cost of shipping and any associated tax so this can be added onto your invoices. At the bottom of the page, you'll see additional options for tracking inventory and customizing your PayPal features. You'll then be taken to a page that contains a box of HTML code. Copy and paste this code into your website's HTML to create a button on your page. To do this, you'll need the ability to edit your website's HTML code. If you don't know what HTML code is (or you're not confident enough to edit it), consult one of our many guides on the subject, several of which are listed here: HTML How-To Articles If you employ a web developer, send him or her the HTML code in the body of an email - he or she will be able to add the button to your website.", "Begin by visiting the PayPal home page and click on the \"Business\" tab at the top of the page. Then click on the \"Get Started\" button in the center of the page. You can also sign up for just a personal account on this page. \" Follow the instructions to set up your merchant account. Once PayPal verifies your information, you are ready to accept credit card payments on your website or by telephone, mail or fax, e-checks and e-mail payments. You'll need to provide a valid email address and basic information about your business to create an account. If you do not run a business but still want to use PayPal to collect funds, click on the \"Specialized Solutions\" tab in the top right of the \"Business\" page to select the best option for you. There are options for Non-profits, Digital Goods, Education, Political Campaigns, and Government and Financial Services. Choose the category that best describes you. If you do not fit in any of the above categories, call the toll-free number to talk to a specialist who can help you set up your account.", "If you're an independent contractor, this is all you'll need to receive remote payment online. This option is especially useful for freelance workers operating online. Many businesses that use freelance employees prefer this method of payment for its ease in one-time payments. Your employer will also need a PayPal account for this method. Check with your employer if you're not sure whether they accept this form of paying. If the person making a payment does not have a PayPal account you can still request money from them. After you log in to your My PayPal page, click Send and Request. On the next page click Request Money and enter the person's email address and the amount requested. On the next page add a note if desired. Then click Request and PayPal will send the request and notify you when the payment arrives. This is all you have to do when you want to be paid. An employer who uses this method of payment will provide their own payment information. From your \"My Account\" homepage, select \"Withdraw.\" On the next page, you'll have several options for getting your money. You can: Transfer money from your PayPal account to a bank account (for free). Request a check be mailed to you (for $1.50.) Request a PayPal debit card (for free). Withdraw cash from an ATM (for $1.00). Note: You should also receive an email at your PayPal-associated email address when you're paid. This email should contain instructions for retrieving your money. Depending on the method of payment you selected, you may be asked for your bank account number, address, or other contact information. If you transfer your money to a bank account, allow 3-4 days for processing. If you request a check or a debit card, allow 5-10 days for it to arrive." ], "summary": [ "Purchase an Apple or Android smartphone or tablet if you don't have one. Download the PayPal Here App onto your device. Open the App. Update your business information by following the prompts. Follow the app's instructions for setting up a payment plan. Input the customer's purchase amount. Have your customer sign their signature directly on your smartphone.", "Place a payment button on your business's website. Log in to your account from the PayPal home page. On your account page, select \"Merchant Services. Select your desired button. Select \"Save Changes\" at the bottom of the page.", "Open a PayPal Business Account if you haven't already. On the next screen, select \"Create New Account. Use the \"Specialized Solutions\" tab where applicable.", "Obtain a valid email address and a PayPal account associated with that address. Tell your employer which email address you used for your PayPal account. When your employer has paid you, log into your personal PayPal account. On the next page, provide your payment information." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Knowing When to Seek Medical Care", "Testing the Tooth", "Removing the Tooth" ], "document": [ "Normally, your child won’t experience pain from a loose tooth. If their tooth is painful, it’s possible that they have tooth decay or an injury. Just to be safe, take your child to the dentist to make sure they’re okay. The dentist may decide to pull or treat the tooth themselves. Try not to worry because it’s likely that everything is just fine. If you know your child has experienced a mouth injury, they may need dental care. Your dentist will examine your child’s mouth to figure out if the tooth is loose because of the injury or because it’s time for the tooth to fall out. Then, they’ll help you decide how to treat the loose tooth. They may recommend you go ahead and pull the tooth, but they might also recommend alternative treatments. You likely won’t need to worry about this, but it’s possible for the tooth to break off as you remove it. If this happens, your child needs immediate care because the fragments could cause pain or lead to an infection. Take your child to the dentist to get the fragments removed. Fragments occur more often after a tooth is injured. It’s totally normal for the socket to bleed after you pull the tooth, so try not to worry. However, the bleeding should stop after about 15 minutes of pressing gauze into the socket. Check the bleeding after 15 minutes. If the socket is still bleeding, go to the doctor, an urgent care center, or the emergency room so a doctor can help. A dentist or doctor can help stop the bleeding, so don’t worry. Your child likely won’t develop an infection, so try not to worry about it. However, you need to take them to the dentist immediately if you notice signs of a possible infection. The dentist will help them get the treatment they need to feel better. Go to the dentist immediately if you have the following symptoms: Fever Pain Bad breath Unpleasant taste in your mouth", "Have your child use their tongue or their hands to gently grip the loose tooth and try to wiggle it back and forth. If they’re able to move the tooth easily, then it may be ready to be pulled. If the tooth doesn’t move easily, trying to pull it before it’s ready can cause unnecessary pain, bleeding, and infections. If the tooth does not easily move around easily, wait a few days and then try testing it again. When a tooth is ready to be pulled, the nerve will dissolve and only a small thread of gum tissue will hold the tooth in place. As your child wiggles their loose tooth, ask them if it hurts at all. If it does, then the nerve may still be attached and the tooth isn’t ready to be pulled yet. Your child may feel some slight discomfort in their gums when they wiggle their tooth, but it shouldn’t cause them any pain if it’s ready to be pulled. You may also see a permanent tooth appearing near the loose tooth, which is totally normal. In addition to the nerve dying away, blood vessels that were attached to the tooth will dissolve as well when the tooth is ready to be removed. While your child wiggles their tooth, check their gums to see if there’s any blood. If there is, then it’s too early to try to pull the tooth.", "Talk to your child about pulling their tooth to settle any fears or anxieties that they may have about it. Explain to them that their tooth is loose and will fall out soon, and ask if it’s alright for you to gently pull it out. If your child wants the tooth to fall out on its own, then let them wait. If they’re ready for you to pull it out, you can do it without them being afraid. Abruptly pulling out a tooth can scare your child and cause unnecessary pain if they struggle. Some children are excited about their teeth coming out, but many have anxieties about potential pain or bleeding. It’s important that you wash your hands thoroughly to prevent infections. Turn on your faucet, let the water warm up, and hold your hands underneath the stream to get them wet. Add a few drops of hand soap or rub a soap bar between your palms and work the soap into a lather by rubbing your hands together. Then, rinse off the soap and dry your hands to remove dirt and germs from the surface of your skin so you don’t introduce them into your child’s mouth. Dirty hands can cause an infection or illness and should never enter your or your child's mouth. If you have a pair of sterile rubber gloves, it might be good to wear these as well to further reduce the risk of infection. You need your child to hold still for you to take out their tooth, so before you begin, tell them that everything will be okay and that it will be over before they know it. If it helps, you can promise them a reward or a treat if they’re able to stay calm while you pull out their tooth. For example, you could tell your child that the tooth fairy will come to take their tooth and leave them a present, or you could promise them some ice cream after you pull out their tooth. This is a very formative time for your child, and you don't want to do something that will cause your child to associate the experience with fear, pain, or panic. Take a cotton ball or a piece of gauze and rub the front and back of the tooth you plan to pull to dry it off and make it easier to grip. Wipe the tooth gently and calmly explain to your child that you’re about to pull their tooth and will be over quickly to settle any anxieties that they may have. If your child sees that you’re calm, then they’re more likely to relax. If you don't have a cotton ball or gauze available, a tissue will work, too. Just make sure it’s clean! Use sterile gauze to add an extra barrier between your hands and your child’s mouth and to provide you with extra grip to hold the tooth. Take about a 2–3 in (5.1–7.6 cm) long strip of gauze and place it between your thumb and index finger so both of your fingertips are covered by it. If you don’t have any sterile gauze, you can use a strip of clean paper towel to help you grip the tooth. Using the gauze pad, grasp the tooth at its base, where it meets the gum. Gently pull the tooth and slightly wiggle it to help work it free. Continue pulling and wiggling until it pops out. Try to pull it out as quickly as you can to keep your child from getting anxious and moving around. If the tooth is loose enough, it should pop right out with little trouble. If it doesn't come out after a firm pull, it isn't ready yet. Don't continue to pull on a tooth that isn’t ready to come out or you could hurt your child. Wait a few days and then try again. Even if the tooth was very loose, there will still be some bleeding. Take a fresh, sterile piece of gauze and compress the tooth socket with your forefinger and thumb. Have the child bite on the gauze piece for 10 minutes or so. This will help to control the bleeding and promote quicker wound healing. Take 1 cup (240 mL) of warm water and dissolve 1 teaspoon (5.69 g) of table salt into it. Have your child swish the solution around in their mouth for about 30 seconds and then spit it out in the sink to wash the open wound left after pulling the tooth to help prevent infection. Have your child swish saltwater in their mouth once a day for the next 3-4 days to keep the wound clean. Make sure your child doesn’t swallow the saltwater or it could make them ill." ], "summary": [ "Take your child to the dentist if they have tooth pain. Visit the dentist if the tooth is loose because of an injury. Go to the dentist immediately if tooth fragments remain. Get emergency treatment if the socket bleeds longer than 15 minutes. See the dentist if you notice signs of an infection.", "Let your child wiggle the tooth to see if it’s ready to be pulled. Ask your child if the tooth hurts to make sure the nerve is dead. Check for bleeding around the tooth to make sure it’s safe to be pulled.", "Ask your child if they want you to pull the tooth. Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and warm water. Give your child assurance so they’re relaxed and calm. Wipe the tooth 2-3 times with a cotton ball or gauze to avoid slippage. Hold a piece of sterile gauze pad between your thumb and index finger. Grasp the tooth firmly and pull with a slight wiggling motion to remove it. Press a sterile piece of gauze over the tooth socket to stop the bleeding. Rinse out your child’s mouth with saltwater to sterilize it." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Avoiding the Problem", "Confronting the Problem" ], "document": [ "Whether you’re planning an outing, a group trip or going in on a gift for someone, make sure to include this person from the beginning. If they are a part of the planning, they’ll be able to tell you what their budget is and what they are able to contribute. For example, let your cheap sibling be the first to know if you’re thinking of doing a group gift for your parents. If they want a less expensive option, they are able to suggest ideas themselves. If you had an expensive gift in mind that you’re set on, realize it may be a priority to you, but not to the other people involved. Understand that they may not be willing to contribute as much financially to the gift, but allow them to put in what they can and help in other ways (like organization and communication). Understanding lessens feelings of resentment for everyone involved. Sometimes, people are unaware that they are doing something wrong. Maybe they assumed an invitation out meant an offer to pay as well. Make sure when you plan to hang out with this person that you set clear expectations from the beginning. If you're eating out together, ask your server for separate checks at the beginning of the meal. If you're going out as a group, let everyone know in advance that the bill will be split equally per person. If you're hosting a \"bring your own [fill in the blank]\" party, let the person know everyone is expected to bring something. If they’re prepared upfront, they don’t have an excuse for cheap behavior. If expectations have been set, and the behavior continues, you may have to confront the problem directly. If the cheap person you’re dealing with is a good friend or family member, avoiding them isn't an option. It’s not about what you’re doing, but who you’re doing it with. Plan low or no-cost activities with your cheap friend. Take a hike or some other physical activity. Watch a movie at home. Go to a park. Cook together. Look up free things to do near your city. If you want to do something with this person that you don’t think they'll be willing to pay for, consider giving it to them as a gift. This gives you the opportunity to enjoy time with your loved one without money becoming an issue. Let’s say you’ve always wanted to take a trip with this person, but you know they won’t include it in their budget. Treat them to a short getaway for their birthday. This takes the pressure of money off of both of you. It is important that you don’t expect an equivalent gift in return. Your friend can give you a thoughtful gift without spending the same amount of money. Don’t let yourself get too hung up on price tags. If the cheap person is a colleague or an acquaintance, your best option may be to avoid going out with them altogether. You’ll be a more pleasant co-worker if you’re not carrying resentment. Suggest bringing your lunches from home and eat together in the breakroom. Tell them you need to save money, and aren't able to go out.", "Confronting people about money related issues can be difficult. Preparing yourself in advance will result in the best outcome. Know what you’ll say in advance. This prevents you from going on and on, straying off topic or saying things you don’t mean. You're not calling out your friend just to make them feel bad. The best way to get a solution, is to suggest one yourself. You can try, “We’ll take turns choosing where we go. You can choose the next outing.” Reassure them that you don’t have to spend money to have fun together. Go through the conversation in your head. Include how you think they’ll respond. Picture the positive outcome that you hope to get from the confrontation. If thinking about confronting this person brings up negative emotions, you may not be ready to confront them yet. Confrontations, no matter how tactful, don’t always end well. Prepare for a stubborn friend to get angry or remain in denial. Know how you’ll respond if the confrontation takes a bad turn. Emotional confrontations rarely go well. If you allow yourself to get upset and start lecturing the person, they are likely to respond emotionally simply because of your approach. When stating your complaint, don’t include your opinions or judgements. It comes off as condescending. You don’t want this person to feel like you are insulting their character. Stay focused on the unwanted behavior, not the person. A helpful technique often used in therapy is “When you [unwanted action], I feel [emotional response]” statements. This approach allows the person to see the direct effects of their behavior. It also shows that you are coming from a genuine place of hurt, not simply complaining about them. For example, “When you never offer to pay for the check, I feel like you don’t value our friendship.” Or, “When you ‘forget your wallet’ every time we hang out, I feel like I’m being taken advantage of.” If you’ve approached the problem with maturity and tact and still get bad results, then consider whether this person is a positive addition to your life. If you still consider this person a valuable part of your life, then you must learn how to cope with this problem in your life long term. If this person brings nothing but negativity and hardship to your life, then end communication with them. You can rest assured that you did your part in trying to resolve the problem." ], "summary": [ "Include this person in the planning. Be understanding. Set expectations. Seek out affordable or free things to do. Be a generous gifter. Avoid going out with this person.", "Plan your approach. Have a solution prepared. Visualize an ideal outcome. Be ready for anything. Confront the person while calm. Don’t talk down. Address the behavior only. Use “When you, I feel” statements. Reevaluate the relationship." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Taking Precautions When Holding Your Hamster", "Acclimating Your Hamster To You", "Picking Up Your Hamster" ], "document": [ "Hamsters tend to sleep very deeply. In the wild, they will burrow deep into the ground where they can sleep relatively undisturbed. If you wake him up suddenly to hold him, he will likely interpret this as trouble (e.g., a predator) being nearby. If you would like to wake him up, do so gently. For example, you can speak softly to him. You can also gently ruffle your hand in his bedding. Hamsters are very prone to injuries from falling, so you should keep your hamster fairly close to the ground when you are holding him. Do not lift him more than 12 inches (30 centimeters) off the floor. If he tries to make a run for it, keeping him close to the floor lessens the likelihood of injuring himself if he jumps. Consider holding him when you are lying back on the floor, which would keep him even closer to the ground. Talking to your hamster in a calm and soothing voice will help him feel more comfortable with being held. However, kissing noises can actually be frightening to him. Scruffing your hamster to pick him up can put immense pressure on his head. This pressure may be enough to cause his eyes to prolapse. You should also never pick up your hamster by one of his appendages. Not only would this likely injure your hamster, but he would also be even more disoriented by being lifted in the air by his legs. Hamsters do not know how to make an association between actions and consequences. Therefore, punishing him by yelling at him or physically punishing him will only lead to your hamster seeing you as the enemy. A firm 'no' should be the strongest punishment you use. Blowing in his face, particularly when he bites you, should be enough to deter him from doing the action again.", "If you just brought your hamster home, chances are he will need a little time to get used to you before he will enjoy being handled and held. Wait at least 12 to 24 hours before trying to hold him. Crouch near your hamster's cage and speak to him in a soft, friendly voice. You can also get him comfortable with your presence by simply reading a book or watching TV in the same room as him. Make sure your hamster can see you and knows you are a friend, not a predator. In the wild, hamsters are grabbed only by a predator, so your hamster will need to learn that you are not acting as a predator when you hold him. Start by placing your hand in his cage and leaving it there for him to investigate. So as not to startle your hamster, hold your hand limply in his cage. It would also be helpful to hold your hand as a clenched fist initially. You can unclench your fist, with your palm facing upward, as he becomes more comfortable with your hand. Hamsters have a tendency to nibble as a way to test their environment. If your hamster starts to nibble at your hand, gently pull your hand away. Jerking your hand away will startle him and may make him more reluctant to approach your hand. Your hamster may be very wary of your hand. If this is the case, try placing treats in your hand to encourage him to approach you. When he is comfortable accepting treats from your hand, he will be more amenable to you picking him up. Ideal treats are those that your hamster would normally eat in the wild. For example, you can treat him with fresh, rinsed vegetables (e.g., broccoli, cauliflower, carrots) and fruits (e.g., bananas, berries). Make sure to chop the treats in small pieces before feeding them to your hamster.", "Hamsters rely on their noses to navigate their environment, and strong smells can cause them distress. Washing your hands before handling your hamster will help him feel more comfortable. Use an unscented soap—a fruit-scented soap may make your hamster see your hand as food. Washing your hands is especially important if you have more than one hamster. The scent of another hamster on your hands could make the hamster you are handling feel like he is being attacked. In the wild, hamsters have few defenses other than running. Any sudden changes in your hamster's environment can be very alarming to him, so it is very important that he can see your hand approaching him. When you place your hand in your hamster's cage, leave it there for at least a few seconds so that he can acclimate to it. It is very important for your hamster to feel secure in your hands when you hold him. When he climbs into your hand, cup your hand under him to support him. Cup your other hand so that he can rest comfortably and securely in the palms of both of your hands. If your hamster does not want to climb in your hands, consider using a scoop. Allow him to walk into the scoop before lifting him up. You can them transfer him from the scoop to your hand when you have him out of the cage. You can also use a 1-liter plastic soda bottle, cut in half, like a scoop. Place the bottom half of the bottle in your hand, and let your hamster crawl into it. He will feel the warmth of your hand, but will not be able to bite your hand through the plastic. Make sure the bottle's edges are smooth. With time, your hamster will become more comfortable with being held and you will not need to lift him with a scoop. Being lifted up can be very disorienting and frightening for your hamster. Before lifting him up, face him towards you in your hands. This will give him a frame of reference and will make him less likely to jump, as you lift him up. Lift him up slowly and gently. Be aware that your hamster may start biting your hand as you lift him up. His bites will likely not be enough to break the skin but will serve as more of a warning signal that he is feeling alarmed. If he starts to bite, gently blow a puff of air in his face. The hamster will take a step back and blink, wondering what he just smelled. This gives you time to free your hand from his grip. Keeping your hamster close to your body as you hold him will keep him safe. It will also prevent him from trying to run or jump away. Because your hamster is not used to being held, he will probably not want to be held for long periods of time. If he seems agitated or is trying to bite you, gently lower him back in his cage. Gently lower your hamster back in his cage. Hamsters can easily injure themselves if they fall, so you should lower your hamster until he can easily walk out of your hands and onto the bottom of his cage. You can spread out your palm and allow him to simply step off your hand. Hold him for a short period of time initially (less than a minute), then work your way to longer stretches of time as he becomes more comfortable with being held." ], "summary": [ "Do not hold your hamster when he is sleeping. Do not lift him up high up off the floor. Avoid making kissing noises when you are holding him. Do not scruff your hamster or pick him up by an appendage. Do not punish your hamster.", "Do not handle him right away. Place your hand in his cage. Entice your hamster with treats.", "Wash your hands. Let your hamster see your hand. Cup your hamster in the palm of your hands. Lift your hamster out of his cage. Hold your hamster in your lap or close to your chest. Place your hamster back in his cage." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "On Mobile", "On Desktop" ], "document": [ "It's a dark-blue app with a white \"f\" on it. This will open your Facebook News Feed if you're already logged into Facebook on your phone or tablet. If you aren't logged into Facebook, enter your email address (or phone number) and password to continue. It's in either the bottom-right corner of the screen (iPhone) or the top-right corner of the screen (Android). It's near the bottom of the page. Skip this step on Android. This option will take you to your Account Settings page. It's the top option on this page. You should see this near the top of the screen. Tap the First Name, Middle Name, or Last Name field, type in your preferred name, and repeat for the other fields as necessary. It's a blue button at the bottom of the screen. Facebook will display variations of your name at the top of the screen; tap an option to select it as your name's appearance. You'll enter your password in the text field above the Save Changes button. Doing so will change your Facebook name.", "Go to https://www.facebook.com in your preferred browser. This will load your News Feed if you're already logged into Facebook. If you aren't already logged into Facebook, enter your email address (or phone number) and password before continuing. This icon is in the upper-right side of the Facebook page. Doing so prompts a drop-down menu. It's near the bottom of the drop-down menu. This option is in the upper-left side of the page. It's at the top of the General page. Replace the name(s) in the First, Middle, and/or Last fields with your preferred name(s). This blue button is below the name section. Clicking it brings up a pop-up menu. Facebook will display variations of your name at the top of the page; click an option to select it as your name's appearance. You'll enter your password in the text field above the Save Changes button. Doing so will change your Facebook name." ], "summary": [ "Open Facebook. Tap ☰. Scroll down and tap Settings. Tap Account Settings. Tap General. Tap your name. Edit your name. Tap Review Change. Select a display option. Enter your password, then tap Save Changes.", "Go to Facebook's website. Click . Click Settings. Click the General tab. Click your name. Edit your name. Click Review Change. Select a display option. Enter your password, then click Save Changes." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Choosing Therapies", "Getting Help", "Creating a Positive Environment" ], "document": [ "Rapid prompting involves continuously asking questions to the autistic person, and letting them answer using writing, pointing to a letter board, speaking, or whatever works best. It encourages the autistic person to communicate and engage with the world more. RDI focuses on developing skills such as theory of mind, independent thinking, consideration of others, and more. It is a long-term therapy. Behavioral therapy can teach rote tasks using extrinsic rewards, and can be useful for concrete skills such as hand-washing, listening to the word \"stop,\" and tying shoes. Unfortunately, there are many stories of goals that involve compliance, forced normalization, and abuse. Choose therapists carefully and make sure the focus is on teaching your loved one skills, not on forcing them to conform. CBT is a form of talk therapy that can help identify distorted thoughts, such as \"Everybody will laugh at me if I flap my hands\" or \"I am a burden to my family,\" and evaluate their accuracy. An occupational therapist can work with you and/or your loved one to provide strategies to meet the autistic person's needs. A sensory diet is a set of activities to do at home, like climbing trees, finger painting, swinging, blowing bubbles, et cetera. It can help meet the autistic person's needs and acclimate them to various stimuli. It can also be a lot of fun. The therapist can also help redirect harmful stims (e.g. hitting one's head) towards ones that fulfill the same need without causing harm (e.g. hitting a pillow, applying deep pressure to the head). There is no scientific evidence that any of them are helpful at all, some involve specific risks, but certain people find them useful. The following is a list of treatments that fit this category and examples of what they may involve: Energy therapy - reiki, acupuncture, Therapeutic Touch Alternative medical systems - aromatherapy, homeopathy Manipulative and body-based method - deep pressure, acupressure, hydro massage Mind-body intervention - auditory integration, meditation, dance therapy Biologically based therapy - using herbs, special diet, and vitamins Always consult a doctor before making a major change to your own or a loved one's diet or lifestyle. Some alternative therapies, such as chelation therapy or MMS, are potentially deadly. If the autistic person is upset by the therapy, or fails to improve, find a new therapy. From common snake oil peddlers to certified BCBAs, there are people who will distort truths and support ideas that can harm you or your loved one. Trust your instincts, don't let fearmongering make you panic, and don't continue a therapy if you think it is upsetting you or your loved one too much. Therapy should not be extremely painful or distressing. A therapist should take the patient's unhappiness seriously. 40 hours per week of therapy is as intense as a full-time job. This can be overwhelming. Small children do not have adult attention spans. Your child will be fine with 1-2 hours per day or less, and there's no rush. Transparency is a reasonable request. Therapists should not prevent you from witnessing a situation, or dodge your questions. People who claim to cure autism are not being honest. Autism is probably genetic, not caused by vaccines or parasites. Your instincts matter. If a therapist is telling you to ignore your gut feeling, that you're being irrational, or that you would intervene if you saw what they were doing to your loved one, this is a problem.", "Health care providers rely on behavioral symptoms and/or written questionnaires during routine checkups. There are screening tests that can also be done during these visits. If your doctor does not regularly screen for autism, ask for her to do so. There is no one-size-fits-all approach for autism. Tailor treatment to the individual's needs. Stop asking \"What do autistic people need?” and instead ask “What does this specific person need?” For example, one autistic person may have excellent self-care skills and above-average school performance, but need sensory integration therapy and social skills training. Another might be highly social but unable to care for herself and in need of counseling for depression. While there is no cure for autism, some of its challenging aspects and comorbid conditions can be helped through medication. Anxiety Elevated energy level Self-injurious behavior Inability to concentrate Depression Seizures Severe outburst of anger or aggression Many autistic people also experience comorbid disabilities/health conditions, such as anxiety disorders, epilepsy, digestive issues, depression, ADHD, oppositional defiant disorder, and more. These are all treatable.", "Autistic people can undergo tremendous amounts of pressure to perform \"normally,\" and the best way to help them is to respect them. Make it clear that you will listen to them. If they feel supported at home, they will communicate and adapt better, and feel happy. Children learn to understand speech by hearing others speak, and talking to an uncommunicative person will encourage them to open up (even if the conversations are fairly one-sided for now). If you know what their special interests are, start conversations about them. Read their body language as you talk to them. For example, if you ask your daughter \"Did you play with your friends today?\" and she squeals happily and waves her arms, this is her answer. This communication is a stepping stone and should be encouraged. Act with the assumption that your loved one can hear and understand you, even if it doesn't look like it. Treat them like they are fundamentally good and intelligent. Positive expectations can help them bloom. If your loved one is in the room, assume they can hear what you're saying. If you talk about how hard it is to live with an autistic child, they'll worry that they make your life worse by existing. Save your adult fears for when the children are out of the room. Let them know that they're autistic. This can help them have words for their experiences, and dispel any confusion that they're \"broken\" or \"bad.\" Let them know that they're just different, that this is okay, and you love them for who they are." ], "summary": [ "Try the Rapid Prompting Method (RPM) for developing communication skills, especially for nonverbal autistic people. Consider Relationship Development Intervention (RDI) to teach social skills. Consider behavioral therapies such as ABA, with caution. Try Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to help with anxiety and depression, which often accompany autism. Try Sensory Integration Therapy and a sensory diet to help with sensory issues. Consider complementary and alternative treatments. Watch for fake therapies and false claims.", "Seek professional help. Understand that every autistic person is different. Consider medications. Consult with your health care provider to ensure your loved one is receiving the proper treatments for their individual needs. Consider comorbid conditions.", "Treat your loved one with kindness and respect. Talk to your loved one often to encourage communication. Presume competence. Be transparent about what's going on." ] }

{ "section_name": [], "document": [], "summary": [] }

{ "section_name": [], "document": [], "summary": [] }

{ "section_name": [], "document": [], "summary": [] }

{ "section_name": [ "Understanding Serving Sizes", "Reading the Nutrients", "Consuming Recommended Amounts Based on Daily Values" ], "document": [ "Serving size refers to how much of an item you are intended to eat in a single meal. Every number listed beneath “total fat” is calculated based on the amount contained in a single serving. So if the saturated fat on a label is listed at 6 grams but the number of servings is listed as 3, it means that there are a total of 18 grams of saturated fat in the container. Serving sizes are paired with the metric amount for each serving. This is helpful if you're trying to figure out how healthy a serving will be compared to how filling it is probably going to be. Knowing the servings per container is essential to understanding the rest of the numbers on a food label. When a label lists percentages for fat, cholesterol, sodium, or protein, they're referring to the percentage in a single individual serving. So if a jar of salsa has 10% of your daily serving of sodium but there are 20 servings in the jar, then the entire jar contains 200% of your daily recommended sodium intake. Knowing how you're going to use a food item is going to inform how you interpret the daily values. For example, if you're going to use an entire can of pinto beans in a chili recipe, and you know that there are 4 servings in the can but you're feeding 2 people, multiply each daily value by 4 and then divide by 2 to figure out how much fat, sodium, or cholesterol each person is going to consume. Using the serving size to interpret daily values is important because most people don't measure out specific servings when eating; knowing how much fat or sodium is in an entire package is easier to conceptualize for a lot of people.", "A calorie is a unit of energy, and can come from a variety of different sources. How many calories you consume in a day determines how much energy you provide for your body. If you consume too many calories on a daily basis, you can gain weight as the energy is converted to fat. If you eat fewer calories than your body needs, you can burn fat and lose weight. Ingredients that are calorie-dense, like butter, oil, or sugar, tend to be bad for you. Foods that tend to have a low caloric content are usually good for you, like avocado, celery, or corn. Empty calories refer to calories that are low in nutritional value, like pizza, soda, or sausage. The next row on the label is fat, and it is accompanied by 2 different types of fat underneath the total number content. Fat helps provide cell development and stores energy in the body. It is found in a lot of plants and animals, and isn't necessarily bad for you if you don't have too much of it. Saturated fat refers to fats that come from animals. They are worse for your body than unsaturated fats. Trans fats are a kind of unsaturated fat found in oils. They are especially bad for you, and you should avoid foods with a lot of trans fat in them at all costs. Cholesterol is a fat-like material that occurs naturally in your body. You need some forms of cholesterol to regulate hormones, but too much cholesterol can increase your risk for heart disease. Avoid foods with high cholesterol values whenever you can to keep your heart happy and healthy. There are 3 main types of cholesterol: HDL, LDL, and VLDL. They refer to the density of the cholesterol. Your body needs some HDL to keep your liver healthy, but LDL and VLDL should be avoided. Red meats and junk foods tend to be high in cholesterol. Under cholesterol, you can find the sodium content in a single serving. Sodium is found in salt, and your body needs less than 500 milligrams a day. Too much sodium can cause your blood pressure to rise, which can increase your risk of stroke, heart failure, osteoporosis, and cancer. Stay away from foods that are high in sodium whenever you can. If you're trying to cut down on sodium, consider cutting soda and junk food out of your diet completely. Try to consume less than 20% of your daily value in sodium every day. Carbohydrates are nutrients that produce calories. They generate fuel for the nervous system and muscles, and help your body metabolize fats. Carbohydrates can be bad for you if they come from a source that is high in fat, sodium, or cholesterol (such as some pasta dishes, pizza, or dairy products). Eating too many carbohydrates can put you at risk of weight gain and type 2 diabetes. Not eating enough carbohydrates can result in hypoglycemia or energy loss. Fiber is a nutrient found in fruits, vegetables, grains, and legumes. Fiber helps your digestive tract and aids in the burning of fat. Eating fiber is a good way to promote a healthy diet, and foods that tend to be high in fiber are usually very good for you. Aim to consume at least 20-30 grams of fiber every day. Fiber can also counteract high cholesterol levels if you consume enough of it on a daily basis. There are fiber supplements that you can take to artificially raise your fiber intake every day. There are 2 types of sugar, natural and added sugar. Natural sugars are found in fruit and dairy products and aren't bad for you in small amounts. Added sugars are harder for your body to digest, and should be avoided whenever possible. Natural sugars usually come in foods that are high in fiber or protein, while added sugars are can lead to weight gain, heart problems, or type 2 diabetes. Added sugars are only listed on some food labels. To make sure that there are no added sugars, look for the phrase “sugar free” printed on a container or check for corn sweetener, high-fructose corn syrup, or sugar in the ingredients list. Protein is a nutrient that promotes muscle growth and health. It is often found in meat, but also appears naturally in nuts, legumes, and eggs. Protein also helps the immune system and aids your body's metabolism. Don't focus exclusively on a food's protein content though, since a lot of high-protein foods often come alongside high fat, sodium, or cholesterol contents. Try to get protein in foods that are also low in carbohydrates or calories. Seafood, vegetables, and lean meats are all excellent sources of protein. You can increase your daily protein intake by mixing protein powder into shakes if you want to get enough protein without increasing the amount that you're eating every day. Under the protein or fiber, you'll see a black bar separating another set of ingredients. These are vitamins, minerals, and nutrients that are found in the food. The most common inclusions are vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, and iron. These nutrients are good for you, and if the list under this black bar is longer, then the food is probably healthy for you. Vitamin A helps promote vision and keeps your immune and reproductive systems operating at a healthy level. It also helps your lungs, kidneys, and other organs functioning normally. Vitamin C helps repair body tissue and promotes healthy skin. Calcium keeps your bones healthy and strong. It also helps blood clot and makes it easier for muscles to contract. Calcium consumption is important when you're young. Iron transports oxygen in your blood and helps to convert nutrients into energy. If you're iron deficient, you could become anemic.", "2,000 calories is the recommended daily amount for women and 2,500 is the recommended daily amount for men. Each daily value percentage is based on these caloric intakes. You may want to consume more calories every day if you're using more energy than the average person, but you may want to consume fewer than 2,000 calories if you're dieting. Change the way you interpret the daily values based on how many calories you're trying to consume every day. If you're trying to cut down on calories, 20% of your daily value in fat is high. If you're trying to consume more calories every day, 20% may be on the lower side. Keep your fat intake under 100% of the recommended value. 65% is a healthy number to shoot for, but you may want to consume a little more if you're low on energy or trying to build muscle mass. Saturated fat should account for less than 7% of your daily caloric intake. Butter, oils, pastries, and red meat tends to be high in saturated fat. Avoid eating these foods more than once a day. Try to only consume around 65% of your daily value in cholesterol and try to eat foods that are low in LDL or VLDL. HDL foods include fruit, fish, beans, and whole grains. Consuming a single fast food meal or large steak can single-handedly send you over 100% of your daily value in cholesterol. An easy way to consume good cholesterol is to replace red meats with fish and use olive oil instead of salad dressing. Your cholesterol intake should never exceed 300 mg a day. 20% of your daily value in sodium (per serving) is considered high. This means that with 3 meals in a day, you should keep your sodium intake under 60%. If you can't, try to avoid exceeding 100% of your daily value (2,300 milligrams). Pizza, hot dogs, breads, and processed meats tend to be extremely high in sodium, so avoid these foods whenever you can. Avoid adding salt to meats and eggs when you're cooking. Adding salt to a dish is the easiest way to go over 100% of your recommended daily value. If you eat 2,000 calories a day, avoid getting under 900 or more than 1,300 calories from carbohydrates a day. If you don't eat enough carbohydrates, you'll feel lethargic as your blood sugar drops. If you eat too many, you can gain weight and feel bloated throughout your day. Vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy products are excellent sources of carbohydrates. You need at least 25 grams of fiber every day to come from the food you consume. An easy way to reach this goal is to consume at least 1 serving of whole grains with every meal that you eat. Fruit and vegetables tend to be high in fiber as well. While 25 grams is 100% of the recommended value, 30 grams of fiber is a good goal if you eat more than 2,000 calories a day. Sugar can be tricky because you want some natural sugars in your diet, but added sugars should be avoided at all cost. Most fruits contain a little natural sugar, and can provide a healthy snack or side dish. There is no daily recommended value for sugar. Added sugars include artificial sweeteners and corn syrups. Look for “sugar free” on food containers to ensure that you're eating food with no added sugars. This label doesn't mean that there isn't any natural sugar in it though. Proteins do not have a daily value listed because where they come from is more important than how much protein there is. Generally speaking, the threshold for protein intake is generally 25-35 grams per meal. Get your protein from sources that are low in cholesterol and fat, like fish, grains, beans, and vegetables. Protein is essential when it comes to promoting healthy muscle growth and maintaining a good energy level throughout your day. When it comes to nutrients, 5% or less is considered low and 20% or higher is considered high. This means that an item that lists its fat content at 4% can be considered to be low fat. However, if there are 6 servings in the item and you plan on eating the entire thing, the fat content will suddenly become high (at 24%). Keep in mind that you do not need to consume 100% of a daily value of bad nutrients to stay healthy. 100% of a daily value is a limit, not a goal. Trans fat and saturated fat are listed separately under fat because they're especially bad for you. Avoid these fats whenever possible. Vitamin A, C, iron, and calcium are all good for your body. 100% of the daily value in these nutrients is a minimum, not a threshold. Dried fruits, nuts, grains, yogurts, and vegetables all tend to be high in these nutrients. You can also take supplements to make sure that you get at least 100% of these nutrients every day. On boxes or cans with bigger labels, there is a section all the way at the bottom that contains footnotes on the total recommended amounts of each item on the list. The column on the left is based on a daily diet of 2,000 calories, and the column on the right is for 2,500 calories. The 2 biggest offenders when it comes to unhealthy ingredients are added sugars and high fructose corn syrup. Check the ingredients list for these items when scanning a food label and try to avoid them whenever possible. The ingredients list will literally say “added sugars.” The word “sugar” is used to refer to natural sugars and aren't necessarily bad for you. Less than 5% of your daily caloric intake should come from added sugars." ], "summary": [ "Find the serving size at the top of the label. Take the servings per container into account when reading daily values. Use the serving size and number of servings to calculate how to modify the daily values.", "Note how many calories are in each serving. Read the fat content in a serving and check what types of fat are present. See how much cholesterol each serving has. Check the sodium content of the food. Look at the total carbohydrates contained in each serving. Check how much fiber you can get from a serving. Read the sugar content and check for added sugars. Note how much protein is in each serving. Check the vitamins and additional nutrients listed at the bottom.", "Interpret daily values based on the recommended caloric intake. Eat less than 100% of your daily value in fat every day. Keep your cholesterol as low as you can and opt to consume foods high in HDL. Aim to consume under 60% of your daily value in sodium. Keep carbohydrates to 45-65% of your caloric intake. Get at least 25 grams of fiber every day to promote digestive health. Keep sugar under 5% of your daily caloric intake and avoid added sugars. Get 25-35 grams of protein per meal from a healthy source. Know that 5% of a daily value per serving is low and 20% is high. Get at least 100% of your daily value in vitamins and minerals. Use the table at the bottom of larger containers as reference. Limit how often you consume foods with added sugars or high fructose corn syrup." ] }

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{ "section_name": [], "document": [], "summary": [] }

{ "section_name": [ "Making an Apple Pipe Using a Pen", "Making a Hollowed Apple Pipe" ], "document": [ "This pipe is considered \"pure\" because all you need to make it is an apple and stick-like device, such as a pen, with a tip sharp enough to poke a hole in the apple. Make sure the apple you use is fresh. A soft apple could collapse while you're trying to bore the holes. It's ideal to use the type of ball-point pen with a tip you can unscrew so you can take out the ink well. Otherwise, you may spill ink all over the apple. Once you take out the ink well, screw the tip back on. Don't use a pencil. It's likely to break inside the apple while you're trying to make a hole with it.", "For this method you will need a few extra supplies, but the pipe is easy to make and the result looks more neat." ], "summary": [ "Get an apple and a pen.", "Get an apple, a knife, a spoon and a pencil." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Analyzing the Text", "Putting the Text in Context", "Focusing on the Text" ], "document": [ "When you're looking at the basic form and structure of a piece of writing, consider how that affects the telling of the story. Ask yourself if the story could have been told in another format and how it could have been told from a different perspective. For example, you may be close reading an epic poem. The poem tells a story, but the fact that it's written in poetry rather than prose may detract from the story rather than enhance it. You might also consider whether that particular form or structure is unpopular or uncommon. If the text is written in some rare form, that may make it less accessible and detract from the story or the message the author is trying to convey. Consider also any disruptions or differences between the author's use of the form and the traditional form. Any deviations from the standard may be intended to set a particular tone, or they may serve a purpose within the writing itself. If you notice this deviations, think about whether they help or hurt the piece. Great authors have a distinct personal style that they bring to their work. Beyond that, a particular style may lend itself more to one type of story than another. Punctuation, sentence length, and paragraph structure are all part of the writer's style. For example, Ernest Hemingway wrote direct, concise sentences. His writing style lent itself well to the action-packed stories that he wrote. However, that sort of writing style might not work very well in a romance novel. Assume that every aspect of the author's writing style was carefully and deliberately chosen to serve the story as a whole. Ask yourself how the style works with the subject matter and theme of the work itself. Poets and fictional prose writers are more likely to use patterns and repetition to reinforce themes in the work or make particular details stand out. Patterns can also be used to evoke a particular mood in the reader. When you identify patterns, ask yourself why the author employed that particular pattern. Judge whether it actually serves the purpose the author intended, or whether it's distracting. You may also notice patterns in non-fiction writing, in terms of a particular item or event that keeps coming up over and over again. Out of all the tools in a writer's toolbox, word choice can be the most powerful. Particularly if the author has used an unusual or archaic term, think about why that particular word was chosen over any other. For example, suppose you're close reading a passage in which the protagonist has entered a library. The author refers to the volumes on the shelves as \"tomes\" rather than \"books.\" This word evokes an entirely different image in most readers' heads. Ask yourself if that image is in keeping with the overall feel of the book itself. Word choice and language in dialogue is used to create characters and tell you something about their personality. In a good piece of writing, the characters won't all talk in the same way. They'll each have their own rhythm and verbal tics, just as real people do. Think about how the language of the characters helps build those characters into individuals, and if the characters are dynamic or flat. Syntax is, generally, the way a piece of writing is arranged using grammar and punctuation. You'll notice this more when you read aloud than when you're reading silently. Reading a passage aloud gives you a better sense of the rhythm and flow of the words. Just be sure to pay attention to the punctuation so you know when to pause. If you notice any unusual sentence structures, think about what effect this is meant to have on the reader. You might also notice an abrupt change in sentence structure, such as a one-word sentence. Typically the change is intended to emphasize or draw your attention to something. Think about what your attention is drawn to and why that might be important. Particularly if you're reading poetry or fiction, someone is telling you a story. Who is telling that story, and why, and what their limitations are, can impact the story itself. If you're reading a story written in first person, think about the narrator and their reasons for telling this story. Separate aspects of the story they would know from other parts of the story that are merely speculation or conjecture on the narrator's part. Ask yourself whether the narrator is reliable, and why or why not. If you're reading something written in third person, determine whether the narrator is limited or omniscient. If you have an omniscient third-person narrator, consider whether knowing the inner thoughts and motivations of all the characters helps or hinders the story. It can also help your analysis to imagine the story being told from a different point of view. For example, how would the story of \"The Great Gatsby\" be different if it was told from Daisy's point of view? Questions that start with how and why are some of your most valuable questions as you explore a text more deeply with close reading. Don't take anything as assumed, or trust it just because that's what you were told by the author (or the narrator). Don't worry about getting the \"right\" answer to these questions. While there may be an interpretation of a text that is commonly (or even universally) accepted, that doesn't make it the only correct interpretation, as long as you can support your interpretation with information from the text. You may have access to the author's interpretation, and what they intended when they wrote the text you've read. However, the author's interpretation is not the only interpretation. It's perfectly legitimate for you to get something different out of the text than what the author intended.", "Every author who sits down to write something – be it a work of non-fiction, a poem, or a work of fiction – has a reason for doing so. They have information they want to convey to you, or a story they want to tell. Sometimes the author's true purpose is obscured within the writing itself. For example, fiction writers may use an allegory or satire to make a political point or say something about society. Understanding who the author was and the time period when they were writing can help you better analyze the text and place it in context with other works. The author's background can be important in evaluating your own reaction to the work. For example, historical attitudes about gender, sexuality, and religion may seem strange or even offensive to modern-day readers. As part of your research into the author's background, you should also try to find out what other authors they were associated with. You may want to read some of the work of those other authors to better understand how your author's style developed and evolved. Different pieces of writing often borrow ideas, images, and themes from other works that came before. If you're reading something written more recently, you may find connections to films or television shows as well. Think about the purpose behind those connections. Consider whether the connection was intentionally made by the author, or was just circumstantial. Sometimes authors connect to pre-existing works as a short-cut to build a particular mood or image in the reader's mind. For example, if you're reading a short story about a mad scientist who is designing a theme park, one of the characters might mention Jurassic Park. Assuming you're familiar with Jurassic Park, you already have a fully formed image in your head that the author didn't have to create from scratch. A text that is a candidate for close reading typically is one that speaks to a particular aspect of existence and of the human condition. After you've gone deep into the text itself, bring it back out into the world and think about what it contributes to human understanding. Ask yourself what the text as a whole causes you to think or wonder about. In some cases, it may be that after reading the text you're left with more questions than you have answers. If you're tasked with writing an essay or other paper on the text, this sort of big-picture thinking can help you find the theme for your paper.", "When you close read, you start with the text itself. While you may already be familiar with the author, close reading requires you to initially view the text in isolation. Try to put anything you already know about the history or background of the text to the side. For at least your first few readings, don't consider anything outside the text. If the text is short, it’s best to read it at least 3 or 4 times. Read it through once, as you normally would, for comprehension. Then you're ready to dive into a close reading. After a quick read-through, you should have a general idea what the text you just read is about. You may want to jot down a few words that describe the main idea or theme of what you just read. You might also notice a particular image or idea that recurs throughout the text. A recurring image may have symbolic meaning. Make note of these as well. If the text is short, you can take notes during your second read-through. If it’s long, you can take notes as you read the first time. Go slowly and annotate the text as you read, underlining key words and making notes in the margins. If something is confusing to you or doesn't make sense, put a question mark next to the line. You may also want to jot down a thought or question that you have about it. Make notes in the margins (or on a separate sheet of paper if you're reading from a library book) discussing your thoughts and reactions to the text as you read. Think of yourself as in a conversation with the author of the text. Be careful not to highlight or underline too much. If you find yourself thinking that everything is important, stop and read through it again to find the purpose of the work before you start annotating. As you're reading, the text will make you feel a certain way. Keep tabs on how the text is making you feel, and dig into why the text is affecting you that way. You might also make notes if it brings up things in your own life. For example, if you are reading a passage about a young woman attending university for the first time, it might bring up memories of your own first days of school. Depending on how that experience was for you, the passage may make you feel wistful, anxious, or nostalgic. Some passages you read may stir up feelings of anger or resentment based on your religious, political, or ethical beliefs. Note these as well. Later on when you're putting the work in context, you can evaluate the author's intentions or reasons for including those passages in the work. Having to guess at the meaning of a word can destroy your understanding of the text. Particularly if you're reading something written hundreds of years ago, words used may have a different meaning than they do now. Be sure to specify the meaning based on the context of the work. Some words also may have different meanings depending on the context in which they are used. In some disciplines, such as sociology or law, you may encounter common words that are actually terms of art that have a specialized meaning within that field. Keep a list of words you have to look up so you can refer to it later. This can also help you increase your vocabulary. At this point, you'll have a general reaction to the text as a whole. You may like it or dislike it, or you may have a more emotional reaction to the subject matter. In some cases, you may find that you enjoyed reading something that you ordinarily wouldn't have been interested in. You can use deductive reasoning, inductive reasoning, or a mixture of both. Take note of your process and the reasons behind your reasoning when considering how to react to the text or parts of it. Dig into your reactions and think about why you had the reaction you did. For example, you may have related to the subject matter personally. It may be something you know a lot about or have strong feelings about. If your reaction is based on something outside the text, such as your personal feelings or beliefs, you may want to put that aside while you analyze the text itself. You can come back to it later when you're putting the work in context." ], "summary": [ "Evaluate the form and structure of the text. Describe the author's writing style. Look for patterns in the text. Assess the effect of the author's word choice. Read aloud to highlight syntax. Consider the point of view from which the passage is told. Ask questions to uncover deeper meaning.", "Determine the author's purpose. Research the author's background. Look for connections to other things you've read. Relate the text to larger philosophical questions.", "Read without any background understanding. Identify the main ideas or themes. Take notes as you read. Monitor your reaction to the text. Look up any words you don't know. Formulate your initial reaction to the text." ] }

{ "section_name": [], "document": [], "summary": [] }

{ "section_name": [ "Performing The At-Home Stool Test", "Following Up With Your Results" ], "document": [ "Everyone is eligible for colon cancer screening beginning at the age of 50; however, if you have a family history of colon cancer, or a personal history of inflammatory bowel disease (such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, both of which increase your risk of developing colon cancer) you may be eligible to begin screening earlier. Don't wait to discuss this with your doctor — even if you are still young, it is important to notify your doctor if you have any risk factors. See your doctor at age 50 to begin self-screening, and earlier if you believe you have additional risk factors (in which case your doctor will let you know at what age you are eligible to begin). The first thing you will need to do in order to self-screen for colon cancer is to obtain the at-home stool testing package. You will need to visit your family doctor to obtain this, and she will explain the procedure to you during this visit as well. One stool test is called the Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT). This looks for blood in your stool that is not visible to the naked eye. It is the most commonly used self-screening test for colon cancer. Another stool test option is called the Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT). This is almost the same as FOBT, except instead of detecting blood via heme it detects it via antibodies directed at human hemoglobin. The final self-screening stool test option is called Cologuard. This evaluates both for the presence of blood in the stool, as well as for DNA that has been correlated to a higher risk for colon cancer. It is quite new and therefore not currently recommended as the standard of care; however, studies indicate that the new Cologuard test could potentially have a greater ability to detect colon cancer than either the FOBT or the FIT tests. Once you have the package at home with you, you are ready to begin testing at the time of your next bowel movement. Take note of how many stool samples you will need. Some self-screening packages request three samples, often each the size of a smear on a piece of toilet paper. Others ask for only one sample, but it may require the whole bowel movement to be packaged and sent into the lab. One way to collect bowel samples more easily is to place a piece of plastic wrap over the toilet bowl, allowing it to hang just above the water level. After your bowel movement, you can then collect the stool sample (in the required amount) before flushing the rest down the toilet. Ensure that no urine contaminates your stool sample. It is important to store your stool sample at room temperature until you have a chance to return it to the lab. This should be done within seven days following the collection of your stool sample. After you have collected your sample and placed it in the appropriate areas of the packaging, you will need to return it to the lab for analysis. The address of the lab should be listed on the side of the package — normally, you can return it to any medical lab in your area, or to the hospital lab, whichever is most convenient for you to get to. After the lab has finished analyzing your stool, you will want to go in to see your family doctor again to review the results of your stool test. Depending on whether the result is positive (suspicious for possible colon cancer) or negative (not worrisome), your doctor will help you to plan your next steps, if any further investigative steps need to be taken.", "If the result of your stool test comes back as negative for blood (or DNA), you can take confidence in knowing that your risk of colon cancer at this time is very low. Of course, no test is perfect, so there is always the slight possibility of a testing error, but more likely than not you are not at risk. Your doctor will advise you to proceed with your life as normal. No further testing will be indicated at this time. The stool test is generally repeated every one to two years for people 50 and older, in order to ensure regular screening. Make a note to yourself to follow up with your family doctor again at this time for a repeat stool test. If the result of your stool test comes back positive, you will need to proceed with further investigations at this time. The next step is a colonoscopy, which is where a tube is inserted through the anus all the way up your colon so that your doctor can directly visualize the walls of the colon and look for any suspicious lesions or polyps. If there are any, these can be biopsied at the time of the test and evaluated under the microscope for the presence of cancer. If your colonoscopy shows nothing suspicious, you are in the clear and safe to go on with life as normal. If your colonoscopy reveals colon cancer, you will need to consult a medical oncologist (a cancer specialist) about how best to treat you colon cancer. It is important not to get overly worried about a screening test. This is because the purpose of the screening test is not to diagnose cancer, but rather, to figure out who is at a higher risk and as such needs to have a colonoscopy (which is the official diagnostic test). If you test positive for blood in your stool, there is a chance that you have colon cancer, but it is not diagnostic. If possible, try not to worry too much until you have followed through with the actual colonoscopy. Also, the good news is that, if you receive regular screening, colon cancer can be caught early in the stages where it can be treated and cured (90% of colon cancers caught early are able to be cured)." ], "summary": [ "Evaluate your level of risk for colon cancer. Obtain the testing package. Collect the required number of stool samples. Store the stool sample at room temperature. Send the stool sample back to the lab. Book a follow-up appointment to review your results.", "Take comfort if you receive a negative result. Proceed with a colonoscopy if you receive a positive result. Understand that a positive stool test (the self-screening test for colon cancer) does not necessarily mean you have cancer." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Hanging up Your Necklaces", "Organizing with Boxes and Trays", "Using a Drawer" ], "document": [ "If you don't mind adding holes to your wall, you can simply screw hooks into the wall. Space them at least 1 inch (2.5 cm) apart horizontally, so your necklaces don't get tangled. You can even hide them somewhere, such as behind a hinged mirror or behind the clothes in your closet. Measure your necklaces so you know how long they are. That way, you leave enough space between rows if you need more than one row. You can find key holders at big box stores, thrift stores, and home organization stores. One usually consists of a small plaque with hooks at the bottom to hang keys from. Since the hooks are already built in, all you need to do is hang up the key holder and put your necklaces on it. Place the holder somewhere convenient, such as in your bathroom or closet. Find decorative drawer knobs at home improvement stores, flea markets, and/or big box stores. Screw them into a piece of flat driftwood in a row about 1 inch (2.5 cm) apart. Hang the necklaces on the knobs. This hanging method is decorative, so you can simply hang it on the wall by your bed or closet. If you don't have more than 5 or 10 necklaces, a jewelry tree can be a good option. You can find these at craft stores, big box stores, or online. They have branches where you can hang your necklaces as you go. This option usually doesn't work for more necklaces because jewelry trees usually don't have enough branches to hang them all individually. You can also create your own jewelry tree from tree branches. Gather tree branches from your yard. Arrange them in a heavy, pretty vase. You may need to add glass beads to the vase to weigh the branches down. Choose a piece of sturdy cork board. Stretch fabric over it one way, and attach it to the back with thumbtacks or staples. Stretch it the other way, and secure it to the back with thumbtacks or staples. Smooth out any wrinkles and secure the fabric at the corners. Add thumb tacks to the front to hang your necklaces from. Place the cork board on a vanity or dresser, and lean it against the wall for easy placement. Pick up some branches from your backyard or a nearby park. Use yarn or zip-ties where 2 branches meet to secure them together in an arrangement you like. Hang the branches on the wall, and hang your necklaces from the branches. Paint an old drawer or shadow box in a color you like. Cover the inside panel with cork board, and then decorate the cork board with fabric or paint. Use pins or thumbtacks to hang your necklaces from, and hang the drawer or shadow box on the wall. Alternatively, screw or glue in knobs to hang necklaces from. Screw a towel rod into the wall or a door. Hang s-shaped shower hooks on the towel rod, and spread them out evenly. Place your necklaces on the hooks, lining them up by style or color. A pocket organizer is a piece of fabric with pockets in it and a hook at the top. Place a necklace in each pocket, arranged by color or style. Hang the organizer in an easily accessible place. Some of these organizers have zippers on the pockets, making the organizer a breeze to take with you on trips.", "Choose a large decorative tray that's wide enough to hold your necklaces length-wise. Lay them out in a row in the tray, organizing by color or style as you go. The tray doesn't need to be made for jewelry. Try using a vintage serving tray, for instance. No matter where you buy jewelry, you often end up with small cardboard boxes. Use paperclips to attach them together. Set 2 bottoms side-by-side, and put the paperclip over the joined edges. Lay the boxes out in shallow drawer or tray. Place a necklace in each jewelry box. It's fine to let costume jewelry be out in the open, but you should protect more expensive jewelry from dust and damage. Place each necklace in its own jewelry box, and put the boxes away for safe keeping. You can also use jewelry boxes that have individual spaces for necklaces. Many of these are decorative and will look lovely sitting on a dresser or vanity.", "Cut a straw down one side with a box cutter or craft knife to create one long slit. Thread one side of the necklace through the slit so that side of the necklace is held in place by the straw. The straw will help keep the necklace from tangling with other necklaces. Lay the necklaces out flat in the drawer. Line the bottom of the drawer with a piece of velvet to keep the necklaces from sliding around. Fasten the ends shut so the strands aren't loose. Find trays with long slots in them that you can lay in the drawers. Your necklaces can go in the trays, keeping them safe and organized. You can even use plastic silverware dividers for this purpose. Spice jars usually have just enough space to fit a single necklace. Put one necklace in each jar, and place them in your drawer. Place a non-skid surface underneath to keep the jars from sliding around. Some spice jars are magnetic, so if you prefer, you can use the magnets to attach them to a mirror or metal surface instead of putting them in the drawer. Stick to beaded necklaces, as delicate necklaces might get tangled up in the jars. Grab an old teacup from your kitchen, and place your everyday necklaces in it. Alternatively, if you have a deeper drawer with extra space, you can line multiple teacups up in the drawer. Place a necklace in each cup to keep them organized." ], "summary": [ "Add hooks to a wall for a permanent solution. Hang necklaces from a key holder. Use decorative knobs on a piece of driftwood for a rustic look. Try a jewelry tree to hang a few necklaces. Cover cork board with fabric for an option that won't damage your walls. Secure branches together for a natural look. Frame necklaces in a drawer or shadow box to make them easy to move. Arrange shower hooks on a towel rod for a quick solution. Use a pocket organizer to keep necklaces separated.", "Pick a decorative tray for an easy way to lay out necklaces. Organize necklaces in the cardboard boxes the jewelry came in. Hide more expensive pieces in individual jewelry boxes.", "Separate necklaces with plastic straws for a cheap organizer. Add inserts specifically for jewelry for an easy solution. Organize your beaded necklaces with spice jars. Place your most used necklaces in a teacup on your dresser." ] }