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The dataset generation failed
Error code:   DatasetGenerationError
Exception:    ValueError
Message:      Not able to read records in the JSON file at /tmp/hf-datasets-cache/heavy/datasets/11721565622168-config-parquet-and-info-daven3-geobench-0f792642/downloads/af20dc2ff3363e15b8996abca9096f3bbd0d9c3f73cd1fdb10f04fa890719102. You should probably indicate the field of the JSON file containing your records. This JSON file contain the following fields: ['noun', 'choice', 'completion', 'tf', 'qa', 'discussion']. Select the correct one and provide it as `field='XXX'` to the dataset loading method. 
Traceback:    Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1995, in _prepare_split_single
                  for _, table in generator:
                File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 170, in _generate_tables
                  raise ValueError(
              ValueError: Not able to read records in the JSON file at /tmp/hf-datasets-cache/heavy/datasets/11721565622168-config-parquet-and-info-daven3-geobench-0f792642/downloads/af20dc2ff3363e15b8996abca9096f3bbd0d9c3f73cd1fdb10f04fa890719102. You should probably indicate the field of the JSON file containing your records. This JSON file contain the following fields: ['noun', 'choice', 'completion', 'tf', 'qa', 'discussion']. Select the correct one and provide it as `field='XXX'` to the dataset loading method. 
              
              The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
              
              Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1529, in compute_config_parquet_and_info_response
                  parquet_operations = convert_to_parquet(builder)
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1154, in convert_to_parquet
                  builder.download_and_prepare(
                File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1027, in download_and_prepare
                  self._download_and_prepare(
                File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1122, in _download_and_prepare
                  self._prepare_split(split_generator, **prepare_split_kwargs)
                File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1882, in _prepare_split
                  for job_id, done, content in self._prepare_split_single(
                File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 2038, in _prepare_split_single
                  raise DatasetGenerationError("An error occurred while generating the dataset") from e
              datasets.exceptions.DatasetGenerationError: An error occurred while generating the dataset

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id
string
question
dict
answerKey
string
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "the Coriolis effect" }, { "label": "B", "text": "plate tectonics" }, { "label": "C", "text": "hotspots" }, { "label": "D", "text": "the Richter Magnitude Scale" }, { "label": "E", "text": "the subduction zone" } ], "stem": "The umbrella theory explaining the Earth's movement, contact, and flattening of large land plates is known as" }
B
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "jet stream" }, { "label": "B", "text": "thermophile" }, { "label": "C", "text": "contrail" }, { "label": "D", "text": "gust of wind" }, { "label": "E", "text": "typhoon" } ], "stem": "A long, narrow, upper atmosphere current of fast moving air is known as a" }
A
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "principle of original horizontality" }, { "label": "B", "text": "principle of uniformitarianism" }, { "label": "C", "text": "principle of superposition" }, { "label": "D", "text": "principle of uniformity" }, { "label": "E", "text": "principle of lateral continuity" } ], "stem": "Archaeologists record the top layers first, followed by older, deeper layers to study ancient settlements and cities following the" }
C
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "subduction" }, { "label": "B", "text": "deflection" }, { "label": "C", "text": "transformation" }, { "label": "D", "text": "convection" }, { "label": "E", "text": "divergent boundaries" } ], "stem": "Gravitational forces within the Earth, as well as heat and radioactive element recycling in the molten core, take place through" }
D
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "Oxygen and methane" }, { "label": "B", "text": "Oxygen and propane" }, { "label": "C", "text": "Nitrogen and carbon dioxide" }, { "label": "D", "text": "Benzene and nitrogen" }, { "label": "E", "text": "Nitrogen and oxygen" } ], "stem": "Which two gases make up the majority of the Earth's gases?" }
E
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "Richard Palmer" }, { "label": "B", "text": "James Hutton" }, { "label": "C", "text": "W" }, { "label": "D", "text": "Nicholas Steno" }, { "label": "E", "text": "Aubrey Hough" } ], "stem": "Because he figured out that sedimentary rock must have been compacted and compressed, over many ages, _______ is known as the father of modern geology." }
B
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "transform fault boundary of two colliding plates" }, { "label": "B", "text": "Mid-Atlantic Ridge" }, { "label": "C", "text": "distant edge boundary of two colliding plates" }, { "label": "D", "text": "divergent boundary of two colliding plates" }, { "label": "E", "text": "convergent boundary of two colliding plates" } ], "stem": "An ocean trench is formed along the" }
E
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "Stratosphere" }, { "label": "B", "text": "Thermosphere" }, { "label": "C", "text": "Ozone" }, { "label": "D", "text": "Troposphere" }, { "label": "E", "text": "Mesosphere" } ], "stem": "Which of the following is the highest layer of the atmosphere?" }
B
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "principle of uniformity" }, { "label": "B", "text": "principle of original horizontality" }, { "label": "C", "text": "second law of thermodynamics" }, { "label": "D", "text": "principle of superposition" }, { "label": "E", "text": "principle of lateral continuity" } ], "stem": "Water-layered sediments that thin to nothing at a shore or the area where first deposited are the subject of the" }
E
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "sediment" }, { "label": "B", "text": "ash" }, { "label": "C", "text": "a biofuel" }, { "label": "D", "text": "granite" }, { "label": "E", "text": "cinders" } ], "stem": "Any solid material (rock or organic) that settles out from a liquid is known as" }
A
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "continental shifting and compression are possible across different regions" }, { "label": "B", "text": "energy can neither be created nor destroyed" }, { "label": "C", "text": "volcanoes can erupt even when quiet for 200 years" }, { "label": "D", "text": "population growth is slow and the birth rate drops to around the death rate" }, { "label": "E", "text": "primary consumers (i.e., herbivores) consume plants and algae" } ], "stem": "The principle of uniformitarianism includes the idea that" }
A
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "active" }, { "label": "B", "text": "dormant" }, { "label": "C", "text": "high risk" }, { "label": "D", "text": "sedimentary" }, { "label": "E", "text": "extinct" } ], "stem": "A volcano with little erosion and that may erupt at any time is classified as" }
B
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "the slowest seismic waves" }, { "label": "B", "text": "the fastest seismic waves" }, { "label": "C", "text": "known as Rayleigh waves" }, { "label": "D", "text": "a type of surface wave" }, { "label": "E", "text": "the only wave to move through air" } ], "stem": "Primary waves, which bunch together and then move apart like an inchworm, are" }
B
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "precipitation" }, { "label": "B", "text": "auroras" }, { "label": "C", "text": "jet stream" }, { "label": "D", "text": "clouds" }, { "label": "E", "text": "fossilization" } ], "stem": "Large temperature differences and strong pressure differences between warm and cold air cause the formation of the" }
C
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "caldera" }, { "label": "B", "text": "hotspot" }, { "label": "C", "text": "geological plate" }, { "label": "D", "text": "tropical oasis" }, { "label": "E", "text": "transform fault" } ], "stem": "A huge layer of rock that drifts slowly over the supporting upper mantle layer is a" }
C
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "lava" }, { "label": "B", "text": "pyroclastic flow" }, { "label": "C", "text": "volcanic rock" }, { "label": "D", "text": "poisonous volcanic gases" }, { "label": "E", "text": "the hysterical crowd running toward the sea" } ], "stem": "When Mount Vesuvius erupted in 79 A.D., most people were killed by" }
D
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "1.5 magnitude" }, { "label": "B", "text": "2.0 magnitude" }, { "label": "C", "text": "4.0 magnitude" }, { "label": "D", "text": "5.2 magnitude" }, { "label": "E", "text": "8.0 magnitude" } ], "stem": "A large earthquake occurs, on average, somewhere in the world each year of greater than" }
E
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "wind stop" }, { "label": "B", "text": "wind chill" }, { "label": "C", "text": "troposphere" }, { "label": "D", "text": "wind shear" }, { "label": "E", "text": "ionosphere" } ], "stem": "A sudden change in the wind's direction or speed with increasing altitude is called" }
D
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "mesosphere" }, { "label": "B", "text": "tropopause" }, { "label": "C", "text": "stratosphere" }, { "label": "D", "text": "troposphere" }, { "label": "E", "text": "thermosphere" } ], "stem": "The northern and southern lights are found in the" }
E
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "hotspot" }, { "label": "B", "text": "pressure zone" }, { "label": "C", "text": "surface trace" }, { "label": "D", "text": "subduction zone" }, { "label": "E", "text": "sedimentary layer" } ], "stem": "Where two crustal plates collide and one plate is forced under the other into the mantle, it is called a" }
D
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "tectonic time measurements" }, { "label": "B", "text": "Jurassic time measurements" }, { "label": "C", "text": "chronostatic time measurements" }, { "label": "D", "text": "continental drift" }, { "label": "E", "text": "subjective time measurements" } ], "stem": "Relationships between earth layers and soil samples are described by" }
C
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "relative humidity" }, { "label": "B", "text": "indistinct humidity" }, { "label": "C", "text": "point source humidity" }, { "label": "D", "text": "aridity" }, { "label": "E", "text": "wind shear" } ], "stem": "The relationship between air temperature and the amount of water vapor it contains is known as" }
A
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "epicenter" }, { "label": "B", "text": "trench" }, { "label": "C", "text": "hypercenter" }, { "label": "D", "text": "surface trace" }, { "label": "E", "text": "ridge" } ], "stem": "The location directly above an earthquake's hypocenter on the earth's surface is the" }
A
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "primary seismic wave" }, { "label": "B", "text": "surface wave" }, { "label": "C", "text": "pyroclastic flow" }, { "label": "D", "text": "folded rock" }, { "label": "E", "text": "lapilli" } ], "stem": "Love waves are a type of" }
B
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "caldera" }, { "label": "B", "text": "sedimentation" }, { "label": "C", "text": "igneous activity" }, { "label": "D", "text": "faults" }, { "label": "E", "text": "seismic waves" } ], "stem": "Vibrations in the Earth caused by cracks or shifts in the underlying rock are called" }
E
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "eons" }, { "label": "B", "text": "eras" }, { "label": "C", "text": "ages" }, { "label": "D", "text": "periods" }, { "label": "E", "text": "epochs" } ], "stem": "The following are all time units of the geological time scale except" }
C
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "mesosphere" }, { "label": "B", "text": "troposphere" }, { "label": "C", "text": "ionosphere" }, { "label": "D", "text": "lower latitude layer" }, { "label": "E", "text": "El Niño effect" } ], "stem": "The thermosphere is also called the" }
C
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "trade wind direction" }, { "label": "B", "text": "eye size" }, { "label": "C", "text": "speed" }, { "label": "D", "text": "name" }, { "label": "E", "text": "eye wall" } ], "stem": "A hurricane's course depends upon location and" }
A
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "gravitation" }, { "label": "B", "text": "temperature" }, { "label": "C", "text": "rotation" }, { "label": "D", "text": "plant life" }, { "label": "E", "text": "curvature" } ], "stem": "The Coriolis effect is a result of the Earth's" }
C
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "measure of temperature" }, { "label": "B", "text": "line connecting areas of increasing atmospheric pressure" }, { "label": "C", "text": "measure of depth" }, { "label": "D", "text": "line connecting areas of the same atmospheric pressure" }, { "label": "E", "text": "topographical symbol" } ], "stem": "An isobar is a" }
D
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "8°C" }, { "label": "B", "text": "10°C" }, { "label": "C", "text": "12°C" }, { "label": "D", "text": "14°C" }, { "label": "E", "text": "15°C" } ], "stem": "Using the table below asdf, if the wind is blowing 30 km/h and the outside temperature is 15°C, what is the wind chill factor in degrees Celsius?" }
C
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "porous rocks" }, { "label": "B", "text": "snow" }, { "label": "C", "text": "glaciers" }, { "label": "D", "text": "aquifers" }, { "label": "E", "text": "all of the above" } ], "stem": "Groundwater is stored in" }
E
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "aeration" }, { "label": "B", "text": "hydration" }, { "label": "C", "text": "precipitation" }, { "label": "D", "text": "consolidation" }, { "label": "E", "text": "acclimation" } ], "stem": "The layer closest to the surface, where spaces between soil particles are filled with both air and water, is called the zone of" }
A
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "streams overflow their banks" }, { "label": "B", "text": "plants use water during photosynthesis" }, { "label": "C", "text": "deserts get drier and drier" }, { "label": "D", "text": "rainfall soaks into the ground" }, { "label": "E", "text": "snow melts" } ], "stem": "Infiltration takes place when" }
D
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "aeration" }, { "label": "B", "text": "conservation" }, { "label": "C", "text": "precipitation" }, { "label": "D", "text": "withdrawal" }, { "label": "E", "text": "evaporation" } ], "stem": "When water changes from a liquid to a gas or vapor, the process is called" }
E
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "tornado" }, { "label": "B", "text": "cloud" }, { "label": "C", "text": "hurricane" }, { "label": "D", "text": "jet stream" }, { "label": "E", "text": "temperature inversion" } ], "stem": "A tropical depression is the first phase in the formation of a" }
C
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "microbiology" }, { "label": "B", "text": "ecology" }, { "label": "C", "text": "hydrology" }, { "label": "D", "text": "botany" }, { "label": "E", "text": "aquaculture" } ], "stem": "The study of the occurrence, distribution, and movement of water on, in, and above the surface of the Earth is called" }
C
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "45%" }, { "label": "B", "text": "62%" }, { "label": "C", "text": "75%" }, { "label": "D", "text": "80%" }, { "label": "E", "text": "97%" } ], "stem": "The oceans hold approximately what percent of the Earth's water?" }
E
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "unconfined aquifers" }, { "label": "B", "text": "confined aquifers" }, { "label": "C", "text": "lakes" }, { "label": "D", "text": "closed aquifers" }, { "label": "E", "text": "saturated aquifers" } ], "stem": "Aquifers that form a water table separating unsaturated and saturated zones are called" }
A
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "watershed" }, { "label": "B", "text": "groundwater" }, { "label": "C", "text": "snow melt" }, { "label": "D", "text": "runoff" }, { "label": "E", "text": "evapotranspiration" } ], "stem": "The water found in subterranean spaces, cracks, and open pore spaces of minerals is called" }
B
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "transpiration" }, { "label": "B", "text": "an aquifer" }, { "label": "C", "text": "consumption" }, { "label": "D", "text": "runoff" }, { "label": "E", "text": "conservation" } ], "stem": "Rainfall or snow melt that has not had time to evaporate, transpire, or move into groundwater is known as" }
D
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "increases" }, { "label": "B", "text": "decreases" }, { "label": "C", "text": "stays the same" }, { "label": "D", "text": "is at its highest" }, { "label": "E", "text": "is only rarely low" } ], "stem": "When moving through the eye wall of a hurricane and into the eye, surface pressure" }
B
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "an aquifer" }, { "label": "B", "text": "an unconsolidated aquifer" }, { "label": "C", "text": "a drainage zone" }, { "label": "D", "text": "an aquifer recharge zone" }, { "label": "E", "text": "a surface discharge" } ], "stem": "The area at the surface or below ground that supplies water to an aquifer and/or most of the watershed or drainage basin is called" }
D
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "crystal structure" }, { "label": "B", "text": "sedimentation" }, { "label": "C", "text": "soil porosity" }, { "label": "D", "text": "granite" }, { "label": "E", "text": "soil salinity" } ], "stem": "The amount of open space in the soil is called" }
C
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "sedimentation" }, { "label": "B", "text": "saturation" }, { "label": "C", "text": "equalization" }, { "label": "D", "text": "salination" }, { "label": "E", "text": "diffusion" } ], "stem": "Under surface soil, where all the open spaces have become filled with water, lies the zone of" }
B
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "evaporation is increased by heat" }, { "label": "B", "text": "it is used sparingly" }, { "label": "C", "text": "there is too little rainfall" }, { "label": "D", "text": "it is used in proper amounts" }, { "label": "E", "text": "runoff joins with surface and/or groundwater" } ], "stem": "Pesticide and fertilizer use on crops affects water purity when" }
E
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "aquifer saturation" }, { "label": "B", "text": "groundwater mining" }, { "label": "C", "text": "flooding" }, { "label": "D", "text": "runoff" }, { "label": "E", "text": "the water table" } ], "stem": "The depletion of water from aquifers faster than they can naturally be refilled is called" }
B
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "withdrawal" }, { "label": "B", "text": "conservation" }, { "label": "C", "text": "consumption" }, { "label": "D", "text": "discharge" }, { "label": "E", "text": "runoff" } ], "stem": "The amount of withdrawn water lost in transport, evaporation, absorption, chemical change, or is otherwise unavailable as a result of human use is known as" }
C
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "an unconfined aquifer" }, { "label": "B", "text": "a perched water table" }, { "label": "C", "text": "a watershed" }, { "label": "D", "text": "a zone of aeration" }, { "label": "E", "text": "a diverted stream" } ], "stem": "When water is blocked by a low-permeability material below the aquifer, it is known as" }
B
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "stone" }, { "label": "B", "text": "light" }, { "label": "C", "text": "paper" }, { "label": "D", "text": "seawater" }, { "label": "E", "text": "white" } ], "stem": "Lithification, comes from the Greek word lithos, meaning" }
A
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "a red rash on the elbow" }, { "label": "B", "text": "miscalculations of circular core samples" }, { "label": "C", "text": "photosynthesis in most upper ocean layers" }, { "label": "D", "text": "lithification of sediment by physical and chemical processes" }, { "label": "E", "text": "drought in some areas" } ], "stem": "Diagenesis causes" }
D
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "Subjugate rock" }, { "label": "B", "text": "Slate" }, { "label": "C", "text": "Vermiculite" }, { "label": "D", "text": "Slant" }, { "label": "E", "text": "Magma" } ], "stem": "Which of the following is a common metamorphic rock type?" }
B
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "hard purple-colored rock" }, { "label": "B", "text": "surface-only rock" }, { "label": "C", "text": "chameleon of rock types" }, { "label": "D", "text": "good building material" }, { "label": "E", "text": "brittle rock type" } ], "stem": "Metamorphic rock is known as a" }
C
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "metamorphic shelf" }, { "label": "B", "text": "gneiss" }, { "label": "C", "text": "lithification" }, { "label": "D", "text": "vertical unit" }, { "label": "E", "text": "formation" } ], "stem": "When several rock-stratigraphic units are stacked vertically, they are called a" }
E
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "foliation" }, { "label": "B", "text": "metamorphism" }, { "label": "C", "text": "exfoliation" }, { "label": "D", "text": "sedimentation" }, { "label": "E", "text": "coloration" } ], "stem": "When rock on the Earth's surface is worn away, it is called" }
C
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "pieces of other rocks" }, { "label": "B", "text": "gelatin from kelp" }, { "label": "C", "text": "the hardest granites" }, { "label": "D", "text": "boulders larger than 1 meter across" }, { "label": "E", "text": "petroleum distillates" } ], "stem": "Clastic sedimentary rocks are made up of" }
A
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "Fertilizer" }, { "label": "B", "text": "Conservation" }, { "label": "C", "text": "Tillage" }, { "label": "D", "text": "Plant type" }, { "label": "E", "text": "Rainfall" } ], "stem": "Which of the following plays a big part in soil erosion?" }
C
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "Lithification" }, { "label": "B", "text": "Sedimentation" }, { "label": "C", "text": "Compaction" }, { "label": "D", "text": "Weathering" }, { "label": "E", "text": "Concretion" } ], "stem": "Which process wears away existing rocks and produces lots of small rock?" }
D
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "cover crops" }, { "label": "B", "text": "deforestation" }, { "label": "C", "text": "planting of perennial plants" }, { "label": "D", "text": "adding mulch" }, { "label": "E", "text": "crop rotation" } ], "stem": "The following are all tools in soil conservation except for" }
B
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "Mica" }, { "label": "B", "text": "Marble" }, { "label": "C", "text": "Shale" }, { "label": "D", "text": "Sandstone" }, { "label": "E", "text": "Obsidian" } ], "stem": "Which metamorphic rock is often used as a paving and building stone?" }
B
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "metamorphic rock" }, { "label": "B", "text": "clastic formations" }, { "label": "C", "text": "sedimentary rock" }, { "label": "D", "text": "igneous rock" }, { "label": "E", "text": "multicolored clays" } ], "stem": "Felsic and mafic are two types of" }
D
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "10%" }, { "label": "B", "text": "20%" }, { "label": "C", "text": "30%" }, { "label": "D", "text": "40%" }, { "label": "E", "text": "50%" } ], "stem": "What percentage of the world's land is at risk of desertification?" }
C
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "a conglomerate" }, { "label": "B", "text": "shale" }, { "label": "C", "text": "granite" }, { "label": "D", "text": "magma" }, { "label": "E", "text": "igneous clay" } ], "stem": "Pebbles surrounded by a covering of sand or mud is known as" }
A
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "geography" }, { "label": "B", "text": "cartography" }, { "label": "C", "text": "graphology" }, { "label": "D", "text": "topography" }, { "label": "E", "text": "photography" } ], "stem": "The description of an area's land contours and surface features is called" }
D
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "elevation" }, { "label": "B", "text": "soil type" }, { "label": "C", "text": "water content" }, { "label": "D", "text": "mineral base" }, { "label": "E", "text": "climate" } ], "stem": "Pedocal, pedalfer, and laterite are three basic soil types based primarily on" }
C
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "Horizon A" }, { "label": "B", "text": "Horizon B" }, { "label": "C", "text": "Horizon C" }, { "label": "D", "text": "Ions are not transported this way" }, { "label": "E", "text": "Mineralization occurs only in the topsoil" } ], "stem": "Which soil horizon consists of a zone of accumulation, where ions transported by rainwater are reconnected to create new minerals?" }
B
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "atmosphere" }, { "label": "B", "text": "ecosystem" }, { "label": "C", "text": "niche" }, { "label": "D", "text": "suburb" }, { "label": "E", "text": "species" } ], "stem": "A complex community of plants, animals, and microorganisms linked by interacting energy and nutrient flows is called a(n)" }
B
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "27%" }, { "label": "B", "text": "44%" }, { "label": "C", "text": "62%" }, { "label": "D", "text": "75%" }, { "label": "E", "text": "99%" } ], "stem": "The world's oceans make up what percent of the planet's biosphere?" }
E
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "High plains" }, { "label": "B", "text": "Wetlands" }, { "label": "C", "text": "Arctic" }, { "label": "D", "text": "Rocky Mountains" }, { "label": "E", "text": "Old-growth forest" } ], "stem": "Which diverse ecosystem absorbs high flow and releases water slowly?" }
B
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "hotspots" }, { "label": "B", "text": "expensive vacation spots" }, { "label": "C", "text": "sustainable use areas" }, { "label": "D", "text": "arid regions" }, { "label": "E", "text": "mountainous" } ], "stem": "Madagascar and the Indian Ocean islands, the Philippines, Sundaland, the Atlantic Forest, and the Caribbean are all considered" }
A
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "birthday parties" }, { "label": "B", "text": "field testing" }, { "label": "C", "text": "remote sensing" }, { "label": "D", "text": "acrobatic air shows" }, { "label": "E", "text": "high school science labs" } ], "stem": "Aircraft, high-altitude balloons, and satellites are all used in" }
C
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "1,000 meters high" }, { "label": "B", "text": "5,000 meters high" }, { "label": "C", "text": "10,000 meters high" }, { "label": "D", "text": "20,000 meters high" }, { "label": "E", "text": "40,000 meters high" } ], "stem": "The vertical range that contains the biosphere is roughly" }
D
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "in remission" }, { "label": "B", "text": "hibernating for the winter" }, { "label": "C", "text": "not important to the ecosystem" }, { "label": "D", "text": "gone for 10 years and then returns" }, { "label": "E", "text": "gone forever" } ], "stem": "When a species like the dodo bird becomes extinct, it is said to be" }
E
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "life span" }, { "label": "B", "text": "range" }, { "label": "C", "text": "personality type" }, { "label": "D", "text": "itinerary" }, { "label": "E", "text": "habitat" } ], "stem": "The total area in which a plant, animal, insect, or other organism travels in its lifetime determines its" }
B
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "Outer space" }, { "label": "B", "text": "Stratosphere" }, { "label": "C", "text": "Troposphere" }, { "label": "D", "text": "Ionosphere" }, { "label": "E", "text": "Mesosphere" } ], "stem": "In which layer do all the pressure, wind, and precipitation changes occur?" }
C
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "80%" }, { "label": "B", "text": "65%" }, { "label": "C", "text": "40%" }, { "label": "D", "text": "25%" }, { "label": "E", "text": "10%" } ], "stem": "Tornadoes of the F4/F5 category account for what percent of deaths?" }
B
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "salt flats" }, { "label": "B", "text": "mountain algae populations" }, { "label": "C", "text": "reflectance" }, { "label": "D", "text": "honeybee populations" }, { "label": "E", "text": "shipping lanes" } ], "stem": "ASTER information is used to draw detailed maps of land surface temperature, elevation, and" }
C
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "wetlands" }, { "label": "B", "text": "topography" }, { "label": "C", "text": "ecological succession" }, { "label": "D", "text": "ecotones" }, { "label": "E", "text": "secondary succession" } ], "stem": "Adjacent habitats have overlapping boundaries called" }
D
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "primary succession of development" }, { "label": "B", "text": "secondary succession of development" }, { "label": "C", "text": "tertiary succession of development" }, { "label": "D", "text": "overcrowded ecosystem" }, { "label": "E", "text": "ecotone" } ], "stem": "Over time, a previously untouched area like a volcanic flow will be populated by different species creating soil, cover, shade, and food resulting in a(n)" }
A
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "10% of its original habitat" }, { "label": "B", "text": "20% of its original habitat" }, { "label": "C", "text": "45% of its original habitat" }, { "label": "D", "text": "60% of its original habitat" }, { "label": "E", "text": "over 70% of its original habitat" } ], "stem": "A hotspot is an ecological region that has high biodiversity and lost" }
E
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "loss of habitat" }, { "label": "B", "text": "predation" }, { "label": "C", "text": "food supply" }, { "label": "D", "text": "climate" }, { "label": "E", "text": "disease" } ], "stem": "The most important factor currently affecting many species is" }
A
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "evolutionary use" }, { "label": "B", "text": "clear cutting" }, { "label": "C", "text": "sustainable use" }, { "label": "D", "text": "extinction" }, { "label": "E", "text": "speciation" } ], "stem": "The use of resources in a manner that protects a species or environment without causing long-term loss is known as" }
C
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "survival of the fittest" }, { "label": "B", "text": "Gause's principle" }, { "label": "C", "text": "the conservation of species" }, { "label": "D", "text": "a keystone species" }, { "label": "E", "text": "climax succession" } ], "stem": "When no two species can fill the same niche at the same time and the weaker species must fill a smaller niche, relocate, or die, it is known as" }
B
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "extinct" }, { "label": "B", "text": "poor predators" }, { "label": "C", "text": "protected" }, { "label": "D", "text": "not evolutionarily hearty" }, { "label": "E", "text": "endangered" } ], "stem": "When a species' numbers drop continuously because of habitat destruction, the species is said to be" }
E
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "neither species benefits" }, { "label": "B", "text": "both species benefit" }, { "label": "C", "text": "one species benefits and one is unaffected" }, { "label": "D", "text": "one species is harmed and one benefits" }, { "label": "E", "text": "both species are harmed" } ], "stem": "Mutualism is a type of symbiosis where" }
B
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "realized niche" }, { "label": "B", "text": "developed niche" }, { "label": "C", "text": "fundamental niche" }, { "label": "D", "text": "successive niche" }, { "label": "E", "text": "population overshoot" } ], "stem": "When a species has no competitive limitations, it has a" }
C
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "climax community" }, { "label": "B", "text": "population" }, { "label": "C", "text": "pioneer species" }, { "label": "D", "text": "initial niche" }, { "label": "E", "text": "extinct zone" } ], "stem": "When an ecosystem reaches its final stage of balanced species development, it is called a(n)" }
A
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "lime" }, { "label": "B", "text": "condensation" }, { "label": "C", "text": "sublimation" }, { "label": "D", "text": "biomineralization" }, { "label": "E", "text": "transfiguration" } ], "stem": "When calcium carbonate is used to build the shells of sea creatures, it is called" }
D
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "20%" }, { "label": "B", "text": "50%" }, { "label": "C", "text": "65%" }, { "label": "D", "text": "70%" }, { "label": "E", "text": "90%" } ], "stem": "By dry weight, approximately what percent of carbon are humans composed of?" }
B
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "the oceans" }, { "label": "B", "text": "soil" }, { "label": "C", "text": "fossil fuels" }, { "label": "D", "text": "the Earth's core" }, { "label": "E", "text": "plant life" } ], "stem": "Scientists have studied the carbon cycle in all the following geochemical reservoirs except" }
D
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "pyroclastic material" }, { "label": "B", "text": "inorganic material" }, { "label": "C", "text": "organic material" }, { "label": "D", "text": "sublimation" }, { "label": "E", "text": "biomineralization" } ], "stem": "Carbon-containing material from living or nonliving sources is called" }
C
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "calciferous" }, { "label": "B", "text": "hard water" }, { "label": "C", "text": "soft water" }, { "label": "D", "text": "mineralization" }, { "label": "E", "text": "lime" } ], "stem": "When freshwater has high concentrations of calcium and/or magnesium, it is commonly called" }
B
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "6 months" }, { "label": "B", "text": "1 to 2 years" }, { "label": "C", "text": "3 years" }, { "label": "D", "text": "2 to 5 years" }, { "label": "E", "text": "7 years" } ], "stem": "ENSO takes place at intervals of 2 to 7 years and lasts approximately" }
B
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "12 weeks" }, { "label": "B", "text": "300 years" }, { "label": "C", "text": "1,000 years" }, { "label": "D", "text": "6,000 years" }, { "label": "E", "text": "1 million years" } ], "stem": "The residence time of oxygen in the atmosphere is" }
D
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "evapotranspiration" }, { "label": "B", "text": "respiration" }, { "label": "C", "text": "condensation" }, { "label": "D", "text": "transport" }, { "label": "E", "text": "condensation" } ], "stem": "When plants pull water from the soil, use the dissolved minerals to grow, and release the water back through the leaves, it is known as" }
A
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "methane" }, { "label": "B", "text": "biomineralization" }, { "label": "C", "text": "biomass" }, { "label": "D", "text": "water pollution" }, { "label": "E", "text": "limestone" } ], "stem": "Plants are known as primary producers of" }
C
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "conservation of matter" }, { "label": "B", "text": "origin of species" }, { "label": "C", "text": "residence time" }, { "label": "D", "text": "transconfiguration" }, { "label": "E", "text": "respiration" } ], "stem": "The idea that matter is neither created, nor destroyed, but recycled through natural cycles is known as" }
A
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "aquifers" }, { "label": "B", "text": "living organisms" }, { "label": "C", "text": "streams" }, { "label": "D", "text": "limestone" }, { "label": "E", "text": "the atmosphere" } ], "stem": "All the following are natural water reservoirs except" }
D
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "sublimation" }, { "label": "B", "text": "biomineralization" }, { "label": "C", "text": "biomass" }, { "label": "D", "text": "evapotranspiration" }, { "label": "E", "text": "photosynthesis" } ], "stem": "A plant's reaction that captures visible light wavelengths (0.4 to 0.7 µm) and transforms them into chemical energy is known as" }
E
apstudy_question_hg
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "carnivores" }, { "label": "B", "text": "herbivores" }, { "label": "C", "text": "detritivores" }, { "label": "D", "text": "parasites" }, { "label": "E", "text": "omnivores" } ], "stem": "Organisms that consume litter, debris, and dung are called" }
C
End of preview.