context1: African slaves from Angola and Mozambique were also present, but in fewer numbers than in other Brazilian areas, because Paraná was a poor region that did not need much slave manpower. The immigration grew in the mid-19th century, mostly composed of Italian, German, Polish, Ukrainian, and Japanese peoples. While Poles and Ukrainians are present in Paraná, their <strong>presence</strong> in the rest of Brazil is almost <strong>absence</strong>.
context2: The Chinese had become almost impossible to deal with because of the turmoil associated with the cultural revolution. The North Vietnamese <strong>presence</strong> in Eastern Cambodia had grown so large that it was destabilizing Cambodia politically and economically. Further, when the Cambodian left went underground in the late 1960s, Sihanouk had to make concessions to the right in the <strong>absence</strong> of any force that he could play off against them.