The intervention group was found to have improvements of both self-esteem (1.28) and self-efficacy (0.26) scores while the control group showed a decrease in both scores. However, the differences in these changes were not found to be statistically significant (p = 0.161 and 0.429, respectively).
participated in a 6-month program of leadership training and service learning
did not participate in any training
self-esteem and self-efficacy scores