[0.000 --> 9.880]  Say you're at a cookout when you notice that there's a giant spider hanging out on your
[9.880 --> 10.880]  friend's shoulder.
[10.880 --> 15.360]  You want to avoid total pandemonium, so you casually wave to get their attention, then
[15.360 --> 17.400]  make a brushing motion on your left shoulder.
[17.400 --> 21.360]  But instead of realizing that there inches away from certain death, your friend thinks
[21.360 --> 25.160]  that you're busting out a new dance move, and the whole cookout starts breaking it down.
[25.160 --> 29.040]  Waving to say hello, yelping when you get hurt or brushing at your shoulder to try to
[29.040 --> 34.000]  save your friend from mortal danger are all examples of non-verbal communication.
[34.000 --> 38.200]  Non-verbal communication is the process of sharing thoughts and ideas using behavior other
[38.200 --> 39.200]  than words.
[39.200 --> 43.800]  The gestures, movements, and facial expressions we use to share information with one another
[43.800 --> 46.160]  are all forms of this type of communication.
[46.160 --> 50.040]  It also includes things like smiling to show you're happy, or giving a thumbs up to say
[50.040 --> 51.040]  okay.
[51.040 --> 54.640]  In other words, non-verbal communication is kind of like a game of shurides.
[54.640 --> 57.920]  Only you're playing it all the time, even if you don't realize it.
[57.920 --> 63.720]  In fact, around 65% of the meaning we get from communication comes from non-verbal signals.
[63.720 --> 68.000]  So understanding how non-verbal communication works can help you better express yourself
[68.000 --> 69.640]  and avoid being misunderstood.
[69.640 --> 74.480]  I'm Cisandra Ryder, and this is Study Hall, intro to human communication.
[74.480 --> 82.840]  But non-verbal communication isn't a solo act.
[82.840 --> 84.240]  It's more like a duet.
[84.240 --> 87.560]  This is because our non-verbal and verbal communication work together as part of the
[87.560 --> 88.560]  same system.
[88.560 --> 93.040]  Verbal communication uses words to share ideas, and non-verbal communication uses gestures
[93.040 --> 94.040]  and sounds.
[94.040 --> 98.120]  It's like verbal communication is the melody, and non-verbal communication is the harmony.
[98.120 --> 101.880]  And when their powers combine, our messages become even more meaningful.
[101.880 --> 106.120]  For instance, we tend to rely on verbal communication to share complex ideas and express ourselves
[106.120 --> 107.120]  clearly.
[107.120 --> 110.920]  Like when someone asks us for directions, we use spoken or written words to explain which
[110.920 --> 111.920]  route they should take.
[111.920 --> 116.120]  You know, like turn left to the library, or it's the second door on your right.
[116.120 --> 120.320]  Because to help someone get from point A to point B, they need as much specific information
[120.320 --> 121.320]  as possible.
[121.320 --> 123.720]  And that's where verbal communication really shines.
[123.720 --> 128.560]  Non-verbal communication, on the other hand, adds extra context to the words that we use.
[128.560 --> 132.680]  So along with using words to give directions, we can also use our hands to point out which
[132.680 --> 134.080]  way someone should go.
[134.080 --> 137.840]  Non-verbal cues can also clear things up when our words might be misinterpreted.
[137.840 --> 140.280]  Like telling someone, go that way.
[140.280 --> 143.440]  You'd be confusing unless you also pointed to where you wanted them to go.
[143.440 --> 147.080]  We also use non-verbal communication to convey emotions and connect with others.
[147.080 --> 150.680]  For instance, you'd probably smile while giving directions so the other person knows
[150.680 --> 152.440]  that you're friendly and willing to help.
[152.440 --> 157.280]  And finally, non-verbal communication also helps us make judgments about a person's credibility
[157.280 --> 158.560]  or trustworthiness.
[158.560 --> 162.000]  Like someone whose lost might not ask you for help if you're looking around and have
[162.000 --> 163.000]  your arms crossed.
[163.000 --> 166.600]  In this case, you're broadcasting that you're probably waiting for someone and don't have
[166.600 --> 168.560]  time to answer a stranger's questions.
[168.560 --> 172.800]  So if non-verbal communication can do all of these things, does that make it more important
[172.800 --> 174.120]  than verbal communication?
[174.120 --> 176.400]  Well, it depends on the context.
[176.400 --> 180.200]  Like verbal communication is probably more important when you're making a big business
[180.200 --> 182.920]  deal and want to make sure everyone's on the same page.
[182.920 --> 186.240]  But if you're disagreeing with a friend, paying attention to their tone of voice and body
[186.240 --> 189.240]  postures can clue you into how they're really feeling.
[189.240 --> 190.520]  And that's normal.
[190.520 --> 194.400]  Because non-verbal and verbal messages play different roles in how we communicate.
[194.400 --> 196.480]  But they also have a few things in common.
[196.480 --> 201.640]  Like both verbal and non-verbal communication include non-vocal and vocal elements.
[201.640 --> 207.040]  For instance, writing in American Sign Language are non-vocal elements of verbal communication
[207.040 --> 209.200]  because they both use symbols to make meaning.
[209.200 --> 211.360]  And you don't actually speak them with your voice.
[211.360 --> 214.760]  We also use non-vocal elements during non-verbal communication.
[214.760 --> 218.600]  According to the field of kinesics, which is the study of movement, there are three main
[218.600 --> 224.120]  types of non-vocal, non-verbal cues, gestures, facial expressions, and postures.
[224.120 --> 228.680]  These are non-vocal and non-verbal because most gestures don't refer to a specific word
[228.680 --> 230.920]  like a written or signed symbol does.
[230.920 --> 235.360]  Like when you wave to your friend at the cookout, you could have been saying, hello, goodbye,
[235.360 --> 236.840]  or trying to get their attention.
[236.840 --> 241.120]  Because there isn't one single word that we associate with waving, we have to use context
[241.120 --> 246.360]  clues, like facial expressions or spoken words to understand what the wave really means.
[246.360 --> 250.680]  And while many gestures have more than one meaning, kinesics lets us sort them into different
[250.680 --> 253.680]  categories based on the type of information they're sharing.
[253.680 --> 257.560]  For instance, gestures that describe something are called illustrators.
[257.560 --> 260.840]  Illustrators are used to clarify or reinforce a verbal message.
[260.840 --> 264.720]  Like if you'd pointed at your friend's shoulder during the cookout and said, there's a huge
[264.720 --> 265.720]  spider.
[265.720 --> 269.720]  They would know exactly what you're communicating, in this case, that they need to brush
[269.720 --> 270.800]  the spider off.
[270.800 --> 275.560]  And by using an illustrator to clarify your verbal message, you can save your friend and
[275.560 --> 276.560]  the cookout.
[276.560 --> 280.000]  Then there are emblems, or gestures that have a meaning that people in a community or
[280.000 --> 281.400]  culture have agreed upon.
[281.400 --> 284.760]  Some of them and emblems include shaking your head to say no, or shrugging to show that
[284.760 --> 285.920]  you don't know something.
[285.920 --> 289.720]  In the cookout scenario, if your friend went to brush the spider off and asked if it was
[289.720 --> 293.680]  gone, you might use the emblem of nodding your head instead of saying, yes.
[293.680 --> 298.000]  Or if they asked how many spiders were on their shoulder, you could hold up one finger,
[298.000 --> 299.680]  which would also be an emblem.
[299.680 --> 303.760]  Basically, emblems are super helpful because they give us a way to communicate clearly without
[303.760 --> 305.440]  using words at all.
[305.440 --> 309.840]  We can also use gestures called regulators to manage our conversations with others.
[309.840 --> 313.520]  Just keep the conversation flowing, like when we lean forward to show that we want someone
[313.520 --> 314.520]  to keep talking.
[314.520 --> 317.200]  But we can also use regulators to pause a conversation.
[317.200 --> 320.880]  Like if your friend is telling a wild story, but you really need to tell them about the
[320.880 --> 324.600]  spider on their shoulder, you might hold your hand out with your palm open to get them
[324.600 --> 325.600]  to pause.
[325.600 --> 329.360]  And in any scenario, regulators help us keep the conversation flowing and ensure everyone's
[329.360 --> 330.360]  voice is heard.
[330.360 --> 333.840]  Then there are adapters, which are gestures that help our bodies release tension during
[333.840 --> 338.280]  stressful situations, like twirling our hair or clicking a pen during a job interview.
[338.280 --> 341.680]  These are different from the other types of gestures because we usually aren't aware
[341.680 --> 342.680]  that we're doing them.
[342.680 --> 346.800]  And while they make us feel better in a tough situation, adapters can actually distract
[346.800 --> 348.360]  the people we're communicating with.
[348.360 --> 352.280]  Like hair twirling during an interview totally steals a spotlight from your awesome story
[352.280 --> 354.680]  about how you saved your friend from a deadly spider bite.
[354.680 --> 358.800]  Because even when we don't realize it, our non-ribble cues still send messages to other
[358.800 --> 359.800]  people.
[359.800 --> 361.760]  Even our subconscious hair twirling and pen clicking.
[361.760 --> 366.000]  But with a little self-awareness, we can recognize and monitor our adapters and project confidence
[366.000 --> 367.760]  in any situation.
[367.760 --> 371.520]  Directors, emblems, regulators and adapters are important because they add meaning to
[371.520 --> 375.480]  what we say and even replace verbal communication when the moment is right.
[375.480 --> 379.240]  But gestures aren't the only non-vocal elements of non-brible communication.
[379.240 --> 383.600]  We also use things like eye contact to create connections, share information, establish
[383.600 --> 387.000]  our credibility, and even make a good impression when meeting someone new.
[387.000 --> 390.480]  But eye contact can also be used to intimidate others.
[390.480 --> 394.880]  Like we probably all remember disobeying the rules as a kid and getting the look from our
[394.880 --> 395.880]  parents.
[395.880 --> 400.680]  And they made eye contact, oh man, you knew you were in big trouble and needed to clean
[400.680 --> 402.200]  your room right away.
[402.200 --> 407.040]  Eye contact also interacts with other non-brible cues, like facial expressions, so we can better
[407.040 --> 409.360]  understand what people are thinking and feeling.
[409.360 --> 413.880]  For example, if you smile at a baby, they'll know your friendly and might even smile back.
[413.880 --> 417.880]  Facial expressions, like smiles, are often viewed as innate, emotional reactions to the
[417.880 --> 418.880]  world around us.
[418.880 --> 422.440]  Like, smiling at strangers in public might feel totally involuntary to you.
[422.440 --> 428.280]  But the truth is that all of our facial expressions, including smiles, are also social behaviors.
[428.280 --> 431.600]  In many cultures, we smile to make other people feel at ease.
[431.600 --> 435.440]  And because we wear those social smiles for the benefit of others, we view them differently
[435.440 --> 440.200]  than the genuine smiles we put on when we're feeling strong emotions, like joy or excitement.
[440.200 --> 444.080]  So like waving or giving the thumbs up, most facial expressions have different meanings
[444.080 --> 446.400]  depending on how we use them in different contexts.
[446.400 --> 450.400]  And the better we are at pairing facial expressions with our verbal communication, the more
[450.400 --> 452.080]  effective our messages can be.
[452.080 --> 455.320]  But there are also vocal elements of non-verbal communication.
[455.320 --> 457.560]  Yep, you heard that right.
[457.560 --> 460.960]  Some of the sounds we make count as non-verbal communication.
[460.960 --> 462.600]  I know, I know.
[462.600 --> 463.760]  That's pretty confusing.
[463.760 --> 467.440]  But we often use sounds to add meaning to the words we speak, like when you raise your
[467.440 --> 470.360]  voice when you're angry or speak quickly when you're excited.
[470.360 --> 474.760]  Because these sounds aren't included in our grammar system, we call them pary language,
[474.760 --> 477.400]  which literally means alongside language.
[477.400 --> 482.560]  Pair language refers to the vocalized but non-verbal parts of a message, like pitch, volume,
[482.560 --> 484.360]  rate of speech, and verbal fillers.
[484.360 --> 488.440]  Like if I start talking loud and really fast, you might think something exciting is about
[488.440 --> 489.440]  to happen.
[489.440 --> 493.000]  Once we learn how pary language works, we can use it to convey meaning and emotion in our
[493.000 --> 494.480]  conversations with others.
[494.480 --> 498.720]  For instance, in English, we use a rising pitch to indicate that we're asking a question,
[498.720 --> 499.720]  like this.
[499.720 --> 501.320]  Is there a spider on my shoulder?
[501.320 --> 505.200]  And if we want to emphasize the intensity of a verbal message, we might increase the volume
[505.200 --> 507.080]  of our voice like this.
[507.080 --> 509.240]  There's a giant spider on your shoulder.
[509.240 --> 513.880]  Vocal elements of non-verbal communication make our words more expressive, and they can
[513.880 --> 519.200]  even stand in for words when we need to express sudden feelings, like surprise or fright.
[519.200 --> 523.040]  Without these vocal cues, our verbal communication just wouldn't be as exciting.
[523.040 --> 526.800]  So if non-verbal communication is so important, how do we learn to do it?
[526.800 --> 530.480]  It's not like you take classes on when to use an illustrator versus an emblem in school.
[530.480 --> 534.680]  Instead, we learn how to use non-verbal communication by participating in our culture.
[534.680 --> 538.360]  Non-verbal communication cultures have unique norms or guidelines for how to use non-verbal
[538.360 --> 539.360]  cues.
[539.360 --> 543.520]  For example, pointing is fine if you're from the United States, but in China and Indonesia,
[543.520 --> 545.320]  it's considered really rude.
[545.320 --> 549.200]  Artifacts or objects and possessions we use are another form of non-verbal communication
[549.200 --> 551.160]  that's shaped by the culture we live in.
[551.160 --> 555.920]  Most cultures have rules about how we use artifacts, which include our clothes, jewelry, and
[555.920 --> 557.760]  the decorations we put up in our spaces.
[557.760 --> 562.600]  For example, on some college campuses, it's the norm for students to wear pajamas to class.
[562.600 --> 566.960]  There's a good chance no one told students that wearing fuzzy slippers to class is cool.
[566.960 --> 569.920]  They just saw older classmates doing it and assumed it was okay.
[569.920 --> 574.040]  But some cultures have explicit rules about how artifacts should be used, like wearing
[574.040 --> 576.560]  a wedding ring on your third finger on your left hand.
[576.560 --> 579.880]  And using artifacts to express ourselves can also be fun.
[579.880 --> 583.480]  Like if you're a huge Lord of the Rings fan, you might have a bumper sticker of the
[583.480 --> 585.360]  ring of power on the back of your car.
[585.360 --> 588.800]  But someone who hasn't seen Lord of the Rings might think your bumper sticker represents
[588.800 --> 593.400]  your passion for ancient jewelry, instead of your undying devotion to the fellowship.
[593.400 --> 596.640]  Navigating non-verbal communication can be a little confusing if you're not familiar
[596.640 --> 598.480]  with cultural rules and norms.
[598.480 --> 603.280]  But it's impossible to know all the non-verbal norms from every culture in the entire world.
[603.280 --> 606.840]  So it's inevitable that non-verbal messages are going to get mixed up sometimes.
[606.840 --> 611.080]  It's just a normal part of living in a world with so many amazing cultures and traditions.
[611.080 --> 615.600]  But just like we use context clues to figure out what unfamiliar words mean, we can also
[615.600 --> 618.800]  look for context clues to understand non-verbal communication.
[618.800 --> 622.880]  For instance, if you notice young people bowing to older people, you can infer that bowing
[622.880 --> 624.360]  is a sign of respect.
[624.360 --> 626.800]  And add that to your non-verbal vocabulary too.
[626.800 --> 631.040]  At the end of the day, we can't not communicate when it comes to non-verbal communication.
[631.040 --> 635.040]  Our non-verbal cues are a window into our feelings and emotions, and they're constantly
[635.040 --> 636.760]  seeping out of us.
[636.760 --> 637.880]  Even if we don't realize it.
[637.880 --> 642.120]  So to make sure our non-verbal communication reflects what we truly want to say, we have
[642.120 --> 643.640]  to be extra thoughtful.
[643.640 --> 648.120]  Because a single hand gesture can be the difference between squashing a giant spider and accidentally
[648.120 --> 649.120]  starting a dance party.
[649.120 --> 652.840]  Thanks for watching Study Hall, Intro to Human Communication, which is part of the Study
[652.840 --> 655.920]  Hall project, a partnership between ASU and Crash Course.
[655.920 --> 658.800]  If you liked this video and want to keep learning with us, be sure to subscribe.
[658.800 --> 662.920]  You can learn more about Study Hall and the videos produced by Crash Course and ASU in the
[662.920 --> 664.440]  links in the description.
[664.440 --> 665.040]  See you next time!